{"text": "Anteon is a speciose genus widespread in all zoogeographical regions, except Antarctica.Anteonhubeni sp. n., is described below from Ecuador, Pichincha Province. The new species is similar to Anteonoliveirai Olmi, known from Brazil, Minas Gerais. The main difference between these two species concerns the sculpture of the frons: in A.oliveirai, the frons shows two lateral keels around the orbits directed towards the antennal toruli, whereas in A.hubeni, these keels are not present. The key to the Neotropical species of Anteon is modified to include the new species.A new species,  Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) from Ecuador have been studied mainly by Dryinidae. With 464 world species , Quito, Ecuador; DBUSU: Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.Dryinidae are so scarce that more than one specimen of each species can be rarely procured. In addition, on the basis of our experience and knowledge, species are sufficiently delimited by unique characters to justify their description.The description of the new species is based on a single specimen. The authors are aware that descriptions of new taxa should normally be based on more than one individual. However, the Olmi, Contarini, Capradossi, Guglielmino, 2020sp. n.0931F3F6-B792-5C02-B04B-811CC335834E74F38422-FA72-406C-A233-16D7B023D65AType status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: QCAZ3280; recordedBy: M. Huben; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Taxon: order: Hymenoptera; family: Dryinidae; genus: Anteon; specificEpithet: hubeni; taxonRank: species; Location: continent: South America; country: Ecuador; locality: between Pifo and Papallacta; verbatimElevation: 3431 m; verbatimLatitude: 00\u00b015.56'S; verbatimLongitude: 78\u00b014.48'W; Identification: identifiedBy: Massimo Olmi; Mario Contarini; Leonardo Capradossi; Adalgisa Guglielmino; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow Pan Trap; eventDate: 27 August\u20139 September 2018; Record Level: type: physical object; institutionID: Museo de Zoologia, Secci\u00f3n Invertebrados, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; collectionCode: QCAZ; basisOfRecord: Preserved specimenFemale. Fully winged Fig. a, b; len1111Anteon with frons not provided with lateral keels around orbits directed towards antennal toruli . Following the above description, this number increases to 20, more than in the closest countries, Colombia  and Peru , where eleven and seven species are known, respectively (ectively . The dif"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Isabelle Thierry-Chef. The correct citation is: Pasqual E, Turner MC, Gracia-Lavedan E, Casabonne D, Benavente Y, Thierry-Chef I, et al. (2020) Association of ionizing radiation dose from common medical diagnostic procedures and lymphoma risk in the Epilymph case-control study. PLoS ONE 15(7): e0235658."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 19, 348 (2019)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2506-1Following publication of the original article , the autIn this Correction, correct and incorrect versions are shown.Incorrect: Jin X, Tian X, Liu Z, Hu H, Li X, Deng Y, Li N, Zhu J: Maternal exposure to arsenic and cadmium and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2016, 59:109\u2013116.https://www.randoxfood.com/biochip/. [Cited 2019 May 11]Correct: RANDOX food diagnostics. Biochip Array Technology. Available from:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Luis Alberto Calcaterra. The correct citation is: S\u00e1nchez-Restrepo AF, Chifflet L, Confalonieri VA, Tsutsui ND, Pesquero MA, Calcaterra LA (2020) A Species delimitation approach to uncover cryptic species in the South American fire ant decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae: Pseudacteon). PLoS ONE 15(7): e0236086. The ORCID iD is missing for the sixth author. Please see the author\u2019s ORCID iD here:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9764-7921).Luis Alberto Calcaterra\u2019s ORCID iD is: 0000-0002-9764-7921 ("}
{"text": "Ewha Womans University Natural History Museum (EWNHM) represents one of the oldest and largest institutional collections in the Republic of Korea. The specimens deposited in the EWNHM represent a major historical collection of the native herpetofauna, both in species diversity and time span. However, the full inventory of the herpetology collection has never been conducted and thus the collection has received little attention from researchers. Here, the first full account of the herpetology specimens held at the EWNHM is provided, with voucher information for all documented specimens to make the collection accessible for future studies.The herpetology collection of the  Natural history collections are an invaluable repository for modern biological research. These collections have broad applications including the detection of faunal changes, species decline, biogeography, systematics, and species discovery . In ordeBombinaorientalis vouchers collected in early 1950s). Although such specimens are a valuable historical collection, they usually do not fully encompass the native herpetofauna in taxa, time span, and geographic locations . Although small in size, the herpetology collection of EWNHM is of great historical value for herpetological research, with some specimens dating back to early 1950s being collected during the Korean War.Ewha Womans University Natural History Museum EWNHM;  was estaNARIS) provides information on EWNHM specimens, this database is only a partial representation of the collection. Also, this database uses a different cataloging system from EWNHM, leading to voucher inconsistencies and potential problems of locating specimens. Therefore, a full herpetological inventory of the collection at EWNHM following a consistent format is needed for future utilization of specimens. Here, we provide the first complete catalogue of the herpetological collection of EWNHM, using consistent voucher system throughout specimens. In doing so, we also changed degrading labels to prevent the loss of important information and updated the nomenclature of species if the taxon underwent taxonomic revisions between the time of initial labelling and our cataloging effort. Also, we applied a new and consistent voucher system throughout specimens to resolve confusion of conflicting voucher systems. Although this means yet another change of voucher system applied to specimens, this catalogue can serve as a reference point towards reducing confusions originating from multiple conflicting voucher systems.Despite this great value, a complete catalogue of the collection has not been available. Although a public database , with specimens packaged individually in small plastic bags. These specimens were mostly collected in one location on the same date, comprising voucher series of specimens. In some cases, specimens of one anuran species collected from two different locations were held in the same glass jar. In this case, specimens from two locations were divided into two by separate plastic bags. Some amphibian species were held in smaller glass jars with fewer number of individual specimens per container . We also found jars that contained two or more amphibian species collected from the same location. In this case, we either separated the species into separate jars or separated them into small plastic bags containing paper labels with the appropriate species information.The herpetological specimens of the museum Specimens of lizards were housed in small individual containers or packed into small number of specimens  representing voucher series. Specimens of snakes and turtles were individually contained in glass jars. All specimens were preserved in 1% formalin solution at the beginning of collection and preservation process . The use of preservative solution has not been changed over the years.We used a table to mount a tripod and camera  in order to photograph the specimens. The table was covered with white synthetic fabric to provide a white background for photography. A 15-centimeter ruler was taped above the fabric to be used as a scale of reference. We used a whole-face respirator  to prevent potential toxic inhalation of preservative fluids. We also used industrial-grade wiper  to remove fluid spillage. For photography, we mounted the camera on a tripod with the lens facing vertically downwards. Each specimen was photographed in dorsal, lateral and ventral angles. Specimens of eggs and amphibian larva were not photographed to prevent potential damage caused by the handling process.As most of the Korean herpetofauna have undergone significant nomenclatural changes over the past 50 years, and as some of the labels showed signs of degradation, it was necessary to update the labels. In doing so, we kept the original labels alongside the new labels with updated nomenclature.EWNHM.For labeling, we first prepared a general label for each specimen or series of specimens. This label contained key information about the specimen(s), including scientific name, Korean common name, geographic location of collection, collection date, and collector(s). The label was printed on regular A4 papers and was 8.8 \u00d7 5.7 cm in size. All relevant information were written on the labels using a pencil. The new labels were fully immersed in preservative fluid following previous collection maintenance practice of NARIS is different from the preexisting voucher system of EWNHM. Thus, in order to apply a consistent voucher number system to each and all herpetological specimens, the decision was made by the museum to discard both previous EWNHM and NARIS voucher systems and to use a new protocol for the herpetology collection. The new numbering protocol is comprised of museum code EWNHM, followed by a taxon code ANIMAL, and a four-digit serial number starting from EWNHM-ANIMAL 5279. Despite the change of protocol, the previous EWNM-AR voucher labels were retained alongside the new EWNHM-ANIMAL voucher labels for the traceability of information.Alongside the general label, it was necessary to assign an unique voucher number to each specimen that did not currently have one, according to the nomenclature rules of the museum. The preexisting voucher system for the museum collection is such as EWNM-AR-XXXX, \u201cXXXX\u201d being the serial number. However, this previous system was not consistently applied throughout all of the specimens held in the collection and needed to be corrected. Moreover, the voucher system represented in EWNHM. Therefore, each specimen was georeferenced using the collection information available, with the locality of collection being recorded as latitude and longitude  describing the midpoint. For localities within a named town or city, the center of the settlement or named district was used as the midpoint. Google Maps was used along with the \u2018What\u2019s here?\u2019 tool to display the latitude and longitude once the midpoint had been found. For those specimens collected in more rural localities, the midpoint of the named location was also used as in the urban ones.One of the main issues concerning the use of natural history collections is determining the area of collection with reasonable accuracy . The colWe organized the catalogue in Order \u2013 Family \u2013 Species order. For each species, English and Korean common names are also given alongside the current scientific name. The nomenclature used in the original labels is also given. Location and collector information (written in either Korean or Chinese characters) are directly translated.Leg. CollectorLoc. Collection locality and collection date (see Table Juv. JuvenileNn. NeonateLar. LarvaeTd. Tadpole(s)Egg.Egg(s)Voucher series A series of specimens of one species collected in the same location on the same datedo Korean equivalent of province-ri Korean equivalent of county-myeon Korean equivalent of village-Bombinaorientalis Oriental fire-bellied toad; \ubb34\ub2f9\uac1c\uad6c\ub9ac; 440 specimens.Boulenger GA (1890) A list of the reptiles and batrachians of Amoorland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 5: 137\u2013144.EWNHM-ANIMAL 5284; Loc: Dobongsan, 10 May. 1959; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5286; Loc: Mountain cabin of Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), Kangwon-do, 24 Sep. 1977; Leg: Natural History Museum. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5292; Loc: Cheoneun-sa, 7 May. 1977; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5293; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 12 Aug. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5324; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5325 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5328 ; Loc: Godongsan, Gyeonggi-do; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5329 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5332 ; Loc: Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do, 5 Jun. 1982; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5348; Loc: Daedunsan, Jeonbuk, 3 May. 1978; Leg: Natural History Museum. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5349 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5351 ; Loc: Hwayasan, Gyeonggi-do, 20 Apr. 1997; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5364 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5367 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, 12 May. 1968; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5368 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5371 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 16 May. 1959; Leg: Kim and Lee. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5410 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5441 ; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 12 Aug. 1979; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5442 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5456 ; Loc: Hwayasan, Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do, 22 Apr. 1985; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5457 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5486 ; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 12 Jul. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5487 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5514 ; Loc: Sokrisan, 17 Jul. 1961; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5561 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5660 ; Loc: Gyeryongsan, 24 Jul. 1973; Leg: \u201cPremed collecting team\u201d. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5661 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5710 ; Loc: Gyeryongsan, 23 Jul. 1973; Leg: Department of Biology. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5711 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5760 ; Loc: Soyosan, Dongducheon, 11 Jun. 1972; Leg: Department of Biology. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6060 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6072 ; Loc: Chiaksan, Gangwon, 2 Jun. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6073 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6090 ; Loc: Myeongjisan, 6 May. 1972; Leg: Jang Soonran. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6091 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6093 ; Loc: Hwangyongdong 25-1, Gyeongju, 26 Apr. 2007; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6094 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6110 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, 19 May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6111 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6124 ; Loc: Godongsan, Gyeonggi-do, 27 May. 1978; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6125 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6128 ; Loc: Buhwangsa, 3 May. 1964; Leg: Oh Soonja. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6129 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6143 ; Loc: Dobongsan, Seoul, 16 May. 1959; Leg: Kim Myungae, Kim Myungsook, Lee Jongwan. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6144; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Kang Jeon Il. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6355; Loc: Myeongjisan, Gyeonggi, 30 Sep. 2000; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6356 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6358 ; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 13 Aug. 1979; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6362; Loc: Outside Jahamun, Seoul; Leg: Noh Bunjo, Yu Seongin. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6366; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1951; Leg: Kang Jeon Il. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6367; Loc: Woraksan, Chungbuk, 20 Jul. 1972; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6372 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6373 ; Loc: Jangsudae, Seoraksan, 10 Oct. 1970; Leg: \u201c2nd grade students\u201d. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6378; Loc: Mujugucheondong, 9 May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6391 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6396 ; Loc: Maebong, Odaesan, 6 Aug. 2001; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6397 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6400 ; Loc: Gayasan, 17 May. 1963; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6634; Loc: Woljeongsa, Odaesan, 16 Sep. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6661; Loc: Maebong, Odaesan, 8 Aug. 2006; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6672 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6674 ; Loc: Daeamsan, Inje, Gangwon-do, 18 May. 1993; Leg: Sung Gisoo.Citation: Remarks: vouchers EWNHM-ANIMAL 5437, 5449, 5463, 5624, 5642, 5663, and 5677 had malformed limbs  General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 9: 481\u2013493.EWNHM-ANIMAL 5279; Loc: Sudeoksa, 8 Jun. 1969; Leg: Eom Jeonghui, Lee Hyeonju, Lee Okju, Choi Jeongran. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5280; Loc: Jeongneung, Gyeonggi, 8 Jun. 1967; Leg: Paik Hyangsun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5281; Loc: Gwangneung, Gyeonggi, 17 May. 1964; Leg: Lim Jeonghye. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5282; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5288; Loc: Muju Gucheondong, Jul. 1972; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5289; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 13 Aug. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5290; Loc: Eoreumgol, Cheonwang-sa, Kyungpook, 23 Jul. 1986; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5291; Loc: Sinchon, 21 Jun. 1955; Leg: Department of Biology. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5294; Loc: Dongducheon, 1 Jul. 1971; Leg: Lee Eunbok Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5299 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5301 ; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5302 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5303 ; Loc: no location data, 8 Aug, 1983; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5304 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5305 ; Loc: Mugeuk, Eumseong, Chungbuk, 31 Mar. 1994; Leg: Seo Hyeongseok. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5306 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5307 ; Loc: no data; Leg: Kim Hungyu. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5308; Loc: Sanghwanam, Sokrisan, 17 Jul. 1961; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5309 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5310 ; Loc: Sinchon (Seoul), 5 Jul. 1955; Leg: Department of Biology. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5311 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5316 ; Loc: Geojedo, 23 Jul. 1970; Leg: Kim Hungyu. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6724 (Egg.); Loc: Mugeuk, Eunseong, 31 Mar. 1994; Leg: Seo Hyeongseok.Bufostejnegeri Schmidt, 1931Korean water toad; \ubb3c\ub450\uaebc\ube44; 27 specimensSchmidt KP (1931) A new toad from Korea. Copeia 1931: 93\u201394.EWNHM-ANIMAL 5285; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5811 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5816 ; Loc: Myeonggye-ri (= Myeonggae-ri), Naemyeon, Hongcheon, 21 May. 1992; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5817 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5826 ; Loc: Seoraksan Checkpoint, 12 Oct. 1977; Leg: Donation by Prof. Yun Ilbyung. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6369 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6371 ; Loc: Jangsudae, Seoraksan, 10 Oct. 1970; Leg: \u201c2nd grade students\u201d. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6627 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6631 ; Loc: Maebong, Odaesan, 6 Sep. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6678 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6679 ; Loc: Noewoon-ri, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 7 Apr. 1995; Leg: Seo Suyeon, Yun Seokjun.Bufo sp.Two specimensEWNHM-ANIMAL 6625 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6626 ; Loc: Sudeoksa, Chungnam, 3 Aug. 2006 \u2013 1 Sep. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo.Voucher series Remarks: the morphological characteristics to distinguish between B.gargarizans and B.stejnegeri, such as clearly visible tympanum, were insufficient to identify these specimens at species level.Dryophytessuweonensis Suweon treefrog; \uc218\uc6d0\uccad\uac1c\uad6c\ub9ac; one specimenHylasuweonensisOriginal label name: Hyla) in the Far East, with description of a new species from Korea. Copeia 1980: 100\u2013108.Kuramoto M (1980) Mating calls of treefrogs .Dryophytesjaponicus )Japanese treefrog; \uccad\uac1c\uad6c\ub9ac; 26 specimensHylajaponica or HylaarboreajaponicaOriginal label name: BatrachiaSalientia in the Collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis, London, United Kingdom, xvi + 160 pp.G\u00fcnther ACLG (1859 \u201c1858\u201d) Catalogue of the EWNHM-ANIMAL 6374 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6375 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 16 May. 1959; Leg: Kim and Lee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6376; Loc: Geomundo lighthouse, 16 Jul. 1977; Leg: Song Junim. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6386; Loc: Cheonmasan, Gyeonggi, 9 May. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6664 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6665 ; Loc: Wolchulsan, Yeongnam, 5 Oct. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6676; Loc: Imjingak, Paju, Gyeonggi, 6 Jul. 2011; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6677; Loc: Maesol Forest, Andong, Gyungbuk, 13 Jul. 2013; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6680; Loc: Noewoon-ri, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 7 Apr. 1995; Leg: Seo Suyeon, Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6683; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Bae Yeongsoon, Moon Yeongja. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6684; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6685; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6686 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6687 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 17 Jul. 1959; Leg: Kim Yeonghee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6692; Loc: Godongsan, Gyeonggi-do, 2 May. 1981; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6693; Loc: Yangsuri, Gyeonggi, 13 Oct. 1978; Leg: Noh Bunjo, Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6694; Loc: Dukcheon, Geomundo, 15 Jul. 1977; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Voucher series Remarks: updated generic assignment as explained above for D.suweonensis.Kaloulaborealis Boreal digging frog; \ub9f9\uaf41\uc774; 21 specimensBarbour T (1908) Some new reptiles and amphibians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 51: 315\u2013325.EWNHM-ANIMAL 5317 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5322 ; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5352 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5363 ; Loc: Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do, 14 Jul. 1982; Leg: Ko Soon Book. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6381; Loc: Gayang Apt., Seoul, 12 Jul. 1993; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6401; Loc: Nanjido, Seoul, 24 Jul. 2000; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6723; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Voucher series Glandiranaemeljanovi Imienpo Station frog; \uc634\uac1c\uad6c\ub9ac; 227 specimensRanarugosaOriginal label name: Ranaemeljanovi sp. n.. Annuaire du Mus\u00e9e Zoologique de l\u2019Academie Imp\u00e9riale des Sciences de St. P\u00e9tersbourg 18: 148\u2013150.Nikolskii AM (1913) EWNHM-ANIMAL 5283; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1958; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5287; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5295; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5296 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5323 ; Loc: Yongwha-ri, Cheorwon-gun, Kangwon-do, 25 Aug. 1977; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5333; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5334; Loc: Sanghwanam, Sokrisan, 17 Jul. 1961; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5335 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5340 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 16 May. 1959; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5341 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5347 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 30 Apr. 1978; Leg: Department of Biology. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5515 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5560 ; Loc: Gyeryongsan, 27 Oct. 1969; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5927 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5999 ; Loc: Soyosan, Dongducheon, 19 May. 1967; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6000 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6059 ; Loc: Myeongjisan, Gapyeong, 11 May. 1969; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6145 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6146 ; Loc: Hwangyongdong 25-1, Gyeongju, 26 Apr. 2007; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6300 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6301 ; Loc: Songchu, 30 Sep. 1972; Leg: Yeom Yeonghwa. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6302 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6304 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1958; Leg: Kang Yeongsaeng. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6368; Loc: Songchu Valley, 30 Sep. 1972; Leg: Park Myeongju (Dept. of Chemistry Education). Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6411 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6427 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 23 May. 1976; Leg: Dept. of Biology. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6632; Loc: Sinwondong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 29 Sep.2000; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Remarks: the labels were updated according to generic assignment by Ranaemeljanovi).Lithobatescatesbeianus American bullfrog; \ud669\uc18c\uac1c\uad6c\ub9ac; nine specimensRanacatesbeianaOriginal label name: Amphibia. Thomas Davison, London, United Kingdom, 312 pp.Shaw G (1802) General zoology or systematic natural history. Volume III, Part 1. EWNHM-ANIMAL 5372 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5379 ; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6380; Loc: Gimpo, 4 Jul. 1999; Leg: Song Junim.Voucher series Remarks: the labels were updated following the original generic assignment Lithobates by Pelophylaxnigromaculatus )Black-spotted pond frog; \ucc38\uac1c\uad6c\ub9ac; 188 specimensRananigromaculataOriginal label name: Reptilia of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under command of Capt. John Rogers, U.S. N. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 12: 480\u2013510.Hallowell E (1861 \u201c1860\u201d) Report upon the EWNHM-ANIMAL 5761 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5795 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, Gyeonggi, 12 May. 1968; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5827 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5926 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, 17 May. 1967; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6336 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6337 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 10 May. 1958; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6338; Loc: Jeotgae, Anmyeondo, 26 Jul. 1956; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6339 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6348 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 16 May. 1959; Leg: Kim and Lee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6353; Loc: Baekryeong-do, 27 May, 1958; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6354; Loc: Sanghwanam, Sokrisan, 17 Sep. 1961; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6379; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Ko Wha Soon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6382; Loc: Taehadong (Ulleungdo), 11 Aug. 1958; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6383; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Ko Wha Soon (Ko Who Soon). Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6402 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6409 ; Loc: no location data (label degraded), 26 Jul. 1971; Leg: no data (label degraded). EWNHM-ANIMAL 6410; Loc: Gwangneung, 23 May. 1976; Leg: Dept. of Biology. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6622; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6623; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6624; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6637 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6656 ; Loc: Soyosan, Gyeonggi-do, 19 May. 1967; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6688 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6690 ; Loc: Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, 2 Aug. 1999; Leg: Jeong Yuhyeon.Voucher series Remarks: the labels were updated following the original generic assignment by Pelophylaxchosenicus Golden-spotted pond frog; \uae08\uac1c\uad6c\ub9ac; 31 specimensRanaplancyiOriginal label name: Okada Y (1931) The tailless batrachians of the Japanese Empire. Imperial Agricultural Experiment Station, Tokyo, 215 pp.EWNHM-ANIMAL 5380 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5395 ; Loc: Ganghwa-do, 2 Jul. 1972; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 5396 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 5409 ; Loc: Buyong-ri, Yangsu-myeon, Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do, 8 Jun. 1970; Leg: Lee Yonghee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6696; Loc: Gwangneungnae, 22 May. 1971; Leg: Kim Hungyu.Voucher series Remarks: updated generic assignment as explained above for P.nigromaculatus.. The species name follows the original description by Rananigromaculatachosenica) under new combination  Frogs in Korea. Chosen Natural History Society Journal 6: 15\u201346.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6147 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6196 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 27 Jun. 1973; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6197 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6246 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 12 May. 1971; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6247 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6285 ; Loc: Pyeongnae, Gyeonggi, 12 Jun. 1959; Leg: Jang Hanwi. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6286 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6289 ; Loc: Pyeongnae, Gyeonggi, 2 Jun. 1959; Leg: Jang Hanwi. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6359 \u2013 EWNHM 6361 ; Loc: Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do, 12 Nov. 2000; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6390; Loc: Dobongsan, 17 Jul. 1959; Leg: Kim Yeonghee.Voucher series Remarks: Ranacoreana was demonstrated to be distinct from R.amurensis by Ranahuanrenensis Fei, Ye & Huang, 1990Huanren frog; \uacc4\uace1\uc0b0\uac1c\uad6c\ub9ac; 13 specimensRanatemporariaornativentrisOriginal label name: Fei L, Ye C, Huang Y (1990) Key to Chinese amphibians. Publishing House for Scientific and Technological Literature, Chongqing, China, 364 pp.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6323 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6327 ; Loc: Sanghwanam, Sokrisan, 15 Jul. 1961; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6618 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6621 ; Loc: Sinwondong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 29 Sep. 2000; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6633; Loc: Jugeumsan, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do, 17 Sep. 2004; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6662; Loc: Sinwondong, Dukyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17 Aug. 2008 ; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6681 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6682 ; Loc: Noewoon-ri, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 7 Apr. 1995; Leg: Seo Suyeon, Yun Seokjun.Voucher series Remarks: the labels were updated to reflect the change of species status suggested by Ranauenoi Matsui, 2014Prevernal frog / Ueno\u2019s brown frog; \ubd81\ubc29\uc0b0\uac1c\uad6c\ub9ac; 158 specimensRanatemporariaornativentrisOriginal label name: Anura: Ranidae: Rana). Zoological Science. Tokyo 31: 613\u2013620.Matsui M (2014) Description of a new Brown Frog from Tsushima Island, Japan ; Loc: Namyangju, Gyeonggi, 1 Feb. 1970; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6290 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6299 ; Loc: Sobaeksan, Chungbuk, 1 Oct. 1971; Leg: Kim Hungyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6305 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6310 ; Loc: Guri, Gyeonggi, 11 May. 1970; Leg: Kim Hunkyu. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6311 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6315 ; Loc: Dobongsan, 16 May. 1959; Leg: Kim Okhee. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6316 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6320 ; Loc: Sokrisan, Chungbuk, 6 Apr. 1979; Leg: Noh Bunjo, Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6321; Loc: Chinbu-ryong (= Jinburyeong), 24 Sep. 1977; Leg: Natural History Museum. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6322; Loc: Songchu Valley, 30 Sep. 1972; Leg: Jeong Hyesook. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6328 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6330 ; Loc: Cheoneunsa, Jirisan, 7 May. 1977; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6331 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6335 ; Loc: Jingwansa, 11 May. 1963; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6349 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6352 ; Loc: Sinjang-eup, Gwangju, Gyeonggi, 25 Oct. 1983; Leg: Kim Hoyeong. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6365; Loc: \u201cUnder Ewha Bridge\u201d, 11 Mar. 1964; Leg: Jeong Songgeun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6384 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6385 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Ko Wha Soon (Ko Who Soon). Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6387 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6388 ; Loc: Bogwangsa, Gyeonggi, 10 May. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6389; Loc: Dobongsan, 17 Jul. 1959; Leg: Kim Yeonghee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6675; Loc: Seogwipo, Jeju, 30 May. 2013; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6695; Loc: Gwangneungnae, 22 May. 1971; Leg: Kim Hungyu. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6722 (Egg.); Loc: Sokrisan, Chungbuk, 6 Apr. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6729 (Egg.); Loc: under Ewha Bridge, 21 Mar. 1964; Leg: \u201cStudent\u201d. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6731 (Egg.); Loc: Munsudae, Jirisan, 8 May. 1976; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6732 \u2013 6823 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Bae Yeongsoon, Moon Yeongja.Voucher series Remarks: the labels were updated to reflect the change of species status of Rana from Tsushima Island, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, demonstrated by Rana sp.Ten specimensEWNHM-ANIMAL 6363 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6364 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 12 May. 1959; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6663; Loc: Wolchulsan, Yeongnam, 5 Oct. 2006; Leg. Kim Byungwoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6666 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6669 ; Loc: Sangwonsa, Odaesan, 28 Sep. 2005; Leg; Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6701; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6727 (Egg.); Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Bae Yeongsoon, Moon Yeongja. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6728 (Td.); Loc: Nogodan, Jirisan, 8 May. 1971; Leg: Noh Bunjo.Voucher series Remarks: all of the bigger Rana specimens (now R.uenoi and R.huanrenensis) deposited in the EWNHM were originally labelled as \u201cRanatemporariaornativentris\u201d. Under the taxonomic framework of Rana used here, this name can be traced to either Ranauenoi or Ranahuanrenensis. Ranauenoi and R.huanrenensis can be distinguished based on several morphometric characteristics  Description of a new tailed batrachian from Corea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 19: 1\u201367.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6428 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6429 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, 2 May. 1971; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6430; Loc: Myeonmokdong, Seoul, 30 Oct. 1976; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6431; Loc: Sokrisan, Chungbuk, 6 Apr. 1979; Leg: Noh Bunjo, Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6432 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6434 ; Loc: Dobongsan (behind Bomunsa), 4 Apr. 1965; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6435; Loc: Nogodan, Jirisan, 5 May. 1977; Leg: Kim Juwan, Hahm Taesik. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6438; Loc: \u201cPurchased from Sejongro\u201d, 20 Apr. 1957; Leg: Kim Okju. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6440 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6453 ; Loc: Cheonmasan, 2 May. 1971; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6657; Loc: Woljeongsa, Odaesan, 16 Sep. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6658; Loc: Odaesan, 9 Oct. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6660; Loc: Woljeongsa, 11 Oct. 2005; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6671; Loc: Noron-ri, Pyeongchang, 7 Apr. 2004; Leg: Yun Seokjun, Seo Suyeon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6702 (Egg.); Loc: Baekwoondae, 28 Mar. 1957; Leg: Noh Bunjo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6709 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6721 ; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6725 (Egg.); Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6726 (Egg.); Loc: Munsudae, Jirisan, 8 May 1976; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6730 (Egg.); Loc: Nogodan, Jirisan, 8 May. 1976; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Voucher series Onychodactyluskoreanus Min, Poyarkov, & Vieites, 2012Korean clawed salamander; \ud55c\uad6d\uaf2c\ub9ac\uce58\ub808\ub3c4\ub871\ub1fd; 12 specimensOnychodactylusfischeriOriginal label name: Onychodactylus , with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 3465: 1\u2013106.Poyarkov NA, Che J, Min M-S, Kuro-o M, Yan F, Li C, Iizuka K, Vieites DR (2012) Review of the systematics, morphology and distribution of Asian Clawed Salamanders, genus EWNHM-ANIMAL 6436; Loc: Nogodan, Jirisan, 5 May. 1977; Leg: Kim Juwan, Hahm Taesik. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6437; Loc: Jirisan, 14 Jun. 1976; Leg: Hahm Taesik. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6635 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6636 ; Loc: Sangwonsa, Odaesan, 28 Sep. 2005; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6659; Loc: Maebong, Odaesan, 8 Aug. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6670 (Lar.); Loc: Gajwa-ri, Mitan-myeon, Pyeongchang, 6 Apr. 2005; Leg: Yun Seokjun, Seo Suyeon. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6703 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6708 ; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Remarks: the labels were updated according to taxonomic revision of the genus by Karseniakoreana Min, Yang, Bonnett, Vieites, Brandon, & Wake, 2005Korean crevice salamander; \uc774\ub07c\ub3c4\ub871\ub1fd; one specimenMin MS, Yang SY, Bonett RM, Vieites DR, Brandon RA, Wake DB (2005) Discovery of the first Asian plethodontid salamander. Nature. London 435: 87\u201390.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6439; Loc: Daedunsan, Jeonbuk, 3 May. 1978; Leg: Natural History Museum.Citation: Remarks: this specimen was originally labelled as \u201cHynobiusleechii\u201d. This particular specimen predates the formal description of the species by 27 years (27 years .Chrysopelea sp.One specimenEWNHM-ANIMAL 6569 (Nn.); Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Remarks: this specimen was labelled as \u201ca neonate of Lycodonrufozanatus\u201d. However, direct comparisons of head shape, tail length, and body shape with another specimen of neonate L.rufozonatus (EWNHM-ANIMAL 6544) suggested that the specimen is not L.rufozonatus but instead belongs to the genus Chrysopelea Steppe ratsnake; \ub204\ub8e9\ubc40; 12 specimensPallas PS (1773) Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs in einem ausfuehrlichen Auszuge: vol. 2. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., St. Petersburg, 744 pp.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6537; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6539; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6542 (Juv.); Loc: Gajeong-ri, Nam-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 21 Jun. 2009; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6543 (Juv.); Loc: Ewha Womans University campus, 19 Oct. 1990; Leg: Paik Seonghoon, Lee Sanghoon, Choi Dongho, Eom Sangryeol. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6563; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6584; Loc: Samak-myeon, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon-do, 15 Jul. 1976; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6585; Loc: Gotan, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon-do, 7 Jun. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6586; Loc: Yangsuri, Gyeonggi, 6 Sep. 1964; Leg: Jeon Songgeun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6591; Loc: Yangsuri, Gyeonggi, 6 Sep. 1964; Leg: Jeon Songgeun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6592; Loc: Gajamul, Susaek, Seoul, 9 Jun. 1957; Leg: Tak Soonja. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6601 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6602 ; Loc: Bukhansan, 17 Apr. 1971; Leg: Donation by Prof. Yun Ilbyung.Elapheschrenckii Strauch, 1873Russian ratsnake; \uad6c\ub801\uc774; five specimensStrauch A (1873) Die Schlangen des Russischen Reichs, in systematischer und zoogeographischer Beziehung. M\u00e9moires de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie Imp\u00e9riale des Sciences de St. P\u00e9tersbourg, 7 S\u00e9rie 21: 1\u2013288.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6498 (Juv.); Loc: Bukri reservoir, Deokjeokdo, 21 Sep. 2009; Leg: Yun Seokjun, Ryu Jaewon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6540; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6583; Loc: Gotan, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon-do, 20 Jul. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6590; Loc: Jinburyeong, Gangwon-do, Aug. 1978; Leg: Kim Jeonggyun, Lee Jeongsoon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6605; Loc: no region data, 21 May. 1955; Leg: Department of Biology.Hebiusvibakariruthveni Japanese keelback; \ub300\ub959\uc720\ud608\ubaa9\uc774; five specimensNatrixvibakari or NatrixvibakariruthveniOriginal label name: Natrixvibakariruthveni) from eastern Asia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 13: 3\u20134.Van Denburgh J (1923) A new subspecies of watersnake , 19 Jul. 1977; Leg: Kim Sooil. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6571; Loc: Palbongsan, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, 31 Aug. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6581; Loc: Jeju-do, 30 May. 1999; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Remark: updated generic assignment for labels follows Amphiesma (sensu lato) by Lycodonrufozonatus Cantor, 1842Red banded snake; \ub2a5\uad6c\ub801\uc774; 11 specimensDinodonrufozonatumOriginal label name: Cantor T (1842) General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 9: 481\u2013493.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6499; Loc: Ganghwa, 29 Oct. 1991; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6517; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6532; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6533; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6534; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6535; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6544 (Juv.); Loc: Gajeong-ri, Nam-myeon, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 27 Jun. 2009; Leg: Ryu Jaewon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6570; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6587; Loc: Gangchon, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon- do, 30 May. 1977; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6593; Loc: Sinchon, 15 Jun. 1955; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6594; Loc: Sanghwanam, Sokrisan, 15 Jul. 1961; Leg: Chae Ingi.Remark: updated labels reflect taxonomic revision of the group by Dinodon with Lycodon based on molecular and morphological results.Oocatochusrufodorsatus Frog-eating ratsnake; \ubb34\uc790\uce58; 11 specimensElapherufodorsataOriginal label name: Cantor T (1842) General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 9: 481\u2013493.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6509; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6510; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6511; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6512; Loc: Hwajeon, Gyeonggi-do, 3 Oct. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6538; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6541 (Nn.); Loc: Gwangneung, 28 Sep. 1958; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6564; Loc: Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 28 Jun. 1974; Leg: Kim Hungyu. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6565; Loc: Sangdo-dong, Seoul, 12 Oct. 1961; Leg: Kim Bo Ok. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6566; Loc: Gwangneung; Leg: Im Okja. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6567; Loc: Gwangneung, 4 Jun. 1960; Leg: Lee Namjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6580; Loc: Gwangpan-ri, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon-do, 10 Aug. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk.Remark: the generic assignment for updated labels follows Elaphe species.Orientocoluberspinalis Slender racer; \uc2e4\ubc40; four specimensZamenisspinalisOriginal label name: Amphibolurus, Lygosoma, Cyclodus, Masticophis, Crotaphopeltis) und Fische  des Kgl. Zoologischen Museums. Monatsberichte der K\u00f6niglichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1866: 86\u201396.Peters WCH (1866) Mittheilung \u00fcber neue Amphibien , Gangwon-do, 20 Jul. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6568; Loc: outside Jahamun, 14 Jul. 1961; Leg: Yun Jeongin.Remark: the updated labels reflect genus-level revision of this species by Rhabdophistigrinus Tiger keelback; \uc720\ud608\ubaa9\uc774; 28 specimensNatrixtigrina or NatrixtigrinalateralisOriginal label name: Boie H (1826) Merkmale einiger japanischer Lurche. lsis von Oken 18\u201319: 203\u2013216.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6524; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6525; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6526; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6527; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6528; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6529; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6530; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6531 (Nn.); Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6553; Loc: Bogwangsa, Gyeonggi-do (unknown collection date and year); Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6557; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6572; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6573; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6588; Loc: Miro, Samcheok, Gangwon-do, 16 Jul. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6589; Loc: President\u2019s residence, Ewha Womans Univ. campus, 12 May. 1958; Leg: \u201cWorkman\u201d. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6595; Loc: Gwangneung, Gyeonggi-do, 25 Jun. 1980; Leg: Kim Sooil. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6596; Loc: Yangsuri, Gyeonggi, 13 Oct. 1978; Leg: Noh Bunjo, Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6597; Loc: Baekryeong-do, 27 May. 1958; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6598; Loc: Mujugucheondong, Jeonbuk, May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6599; Loc: Jinburyeong, Gangwon-do, Jul. 1976; Leg: Kim Jeonggyun, Lee Jeongsoon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6600; Loc: Ewha Womans University campus, 23 May. 1966; Leg: \u201cWorkman\u201d. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6603; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6604; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6606; Loc: Ewha Womans University campus, 15 Jun. 1955; Leg: Department of Biology. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6607; Loc: Ewha Womans University campus, 21 Jun. 1956; Leg: Hahm Jongseong. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6608 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6609 ; Loc: Gyeryongsan, Chungnam, hatched in captivity, 27 Jul. 2000; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6615 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6616 ; Loc: dubious location name ; Leg: Ko Eungwon.Remark: the generic assignment in the updated labels follows the original description of the genus Rhabdophis by Natrix (sensu lato) by Sibynophischinensis Chinese many-toothed snake; \ube44\ubc14\ub9ac\ubc40; one specimenG\u00fcnther ACLG (1889) Third contribution to our knowledge of reptiles and fishes from the Upper Yangtsze-Kiang. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4: 218\u2013229.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6497; Loc: Hanlim, Jeju-do, 20 Jun. 1999; Leg: Seo Hyeongseok.Gloydiusbrevicaudus Short-tailed mamushi; \uc0b4\ubaa8\uc0ac; ten specimensAgkistrodonhalys or AgkistrodonhalysbrevicaudusOriginal label name: Stejneger LH (1907) Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 58: 1\u2013577.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6501; Loc: Yeongju, Aug. 1957; Leg: D.J. Kim. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6502; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6503; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6504; Loc: no data; Leg: Department of Biology. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6505; Loc: Gwangpan-ri, Chunseong-gun (= Chuncheon), Gangwon-do, 20 Jun. 1977; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6520; Loc: Yangju (unknown collection date and year); Leg: Kim Myeongnim. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6536; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6551; Loc: Godaedo, 22 Jul. 1956; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6552; Loc: Yukgokcheon, Euiseong, 20 Aug. 1958; Leg: Oh Soonjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6562; Loc: Godaedo, 22 Jul. 1956; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo.Remark: generic assignment in the updated labels is based on Agkistrodonblomhoffiibrevicaudus) because the name Agkistrodon (= Gloydius) halys used in former labels is only applicable to populations of Gloydius in Central Asia Rock mamushi; \uae4c\uce58\uc0b4\ubaa8\uc0ac; four specimensAgkistrodonsaxatilisOriginal label name: Strauch A (1868) Concerning poisonous snakes distributed in Russia. Trudy Perv. Siezda Russ. Yestestv. Zool., 1: 1\u2013294.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6454 (Nn.); Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6506; Loc: Daegwanryeong, 3 Aug. 1977; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6545 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6546 ; Loc: Mitan, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 3 Nov. 1999; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk.Citation: Remark: generic assignment in the updated labels as explained above for G.brevicaudus. Although some authors consider G.saxatilis as valid, here we treat that name as a synonym of G.intermedius following EWNHM-ANIMAL 6454 is the first reported specimen of G.intermedius with dicephalism Ussuri mamushi; \uc1e0\uc0b4\ubaa8\uc0ac; 18 specimensAgkistrodonhalys or AgkistrodoncaliginosusOriginal label name: Emelianov AA (1929) Snakes of the Far Eastern District. Memoirs of the Vladivostok Section of the Russian State Geographical Society 3: 1\u2013208.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6515; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6516; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6518; Loc: Mujugucheondong, Jeonbuk, May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6519; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6521; Loc: Palbongsan, Hongcheon, Gangwon-do, 2 Jul. 1978; Leg: Donation by Prof. Paik Namgeuk. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6522; Loc: Balang-ri, Paju, Gyeonggi-do, 5 Oct. 1997; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6547; Loc: Jinburyeong, Gangwon-do, Jul. 1976; Leg: Kim Seonggyun, Lee Jeongsoon. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6548; Loc: Hwajeon, 19 Oct. 1979; Leg: Kim Sooman. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6549; Loc: Gwangneung, Sep. 1968; Leg: Chae Ingi. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6550; Loc: Gwangneung, Gyeonggi-do, 15 May. 1981; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6554; Loc: Yeongsil, Hanrasan, Jeju-do, 10 Jul. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6555 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6556 ; Loc: Mujugucheondong, Jeonbuk, 19 Jul. 1967; Leg: no data. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6558 \u2013 ANIMAL 6559; Loc: Gupabal, 17 Sep.1962; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6560; Loc: Gwangneung, 10 May. 1959; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6561; Loc: Gwangneung, 19 May. 1955; Leg: Tak Soonae. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6574; Loc: Jinburyeong, 12 Aug. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Remark: generic assignment in the updated labels and invalidity of the name \u201cAgkistrodonhalys\u201d applied to East Asian Gloydius species as explained above for G.brevicaudus. The species name used in the updated labels follows the original species description by Ancistrodonblomhoffiussuriensis).Dracomelanopogon Boulenger, 1887Black-bearded flying dragon; one specimenLacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropsidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. London: 575 pp.Boulenger GA (1887) Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) III. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6578; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Remarks: a female specimen with pre-existing voucher number R54,0,7.Eremiasargus Peters, 1869Mongolian racerunner; \ud45c\ubc94\uc7a5\uc9c0\ubc40; 12 specimensPeters WCH (1869) Eine Mittheilung \u00fcber neue Gattungen und Arten von Eidechsen. Monatsberichte der K\u00f6niglichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1869: 57\u201366.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6455; Loc: Yeonheedongsan, 6 Jun. (unknown collection year); Leg: Kang Yeongok. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6456; Loc: Gwangneung (sandy plain), 11 May. 1957; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6457; Loc: Juan, 6 Jun. 1957; Leg: Kang Yeongsaeng. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6458; Loc: Sinchon, 28 Apr. 1959; Leg: Noh Bunjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6459; Loc: no location data, 25 May 1959; Leg: Kim Gihwan. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6460; Loc: Outside Jahamun, Seoul, 1 Jun. 1956; Leg: Yun Jeongin. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6461; Loc: Deokjeokdo, 8 Jul. 1956; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6462 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6464 ; Loc: Sindangdong, Seoul, 5 May. 1957; Leg: Yun Deokhee. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6576; Loc: no data; Leg: Kim Bongjin. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6577; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Takydromusamurensis Peters, 1881Amur grass lizard; \uc544\ubb34\ub974\uc7a5\uc9c0\ubc40; 20 specimensPeters WCH (1881) Einige herpetologische Mittheilungen. 1. Uebersicht der zu den Familien der Typhlopes und Stenostomi geh\u00f6rigen Gattungen oder Untergattungen. 2. Ueber eine neue Art von Tachydromus aus dem Amurlande. 3. Ueber die von Herrn Dr. finsch aus Polynesien gesandten Reptilien. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1881: 69\u201372.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6465; Loc: Gomgol, Seoraksan, 24 Oct. 1971; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6466; Loc: Bogwangsa, Gyeonggi-do, 16 Apr. 1983; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6468; Loc: Myeongseongsan, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, 23 Nov. 2001; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6470; Loc: Yumyeongsan, Gapyeong, Gyeonggi-do, 12 Jul. 1992; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6471; Loc: Gwangneung, 11 May. 1957; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6472; Loc: Daedunsan, Jeonbuk, 3 May. 1978; Leg; Natural History Museum. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6476 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6477 ; Loc: Sokrisan, Chungbuk, 6 Apr. 1979; Leg: Kim Sooil. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6478 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6479 ; Loc: Mujugucheondong, 8 May.1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6480 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6481 ; Loc: Gwangneung, 7 Apr. 1958; Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6485 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6486 ; Loc: Gwangneung (unknown collection date and year); Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6487 \u2013 EWNHM 6491 ; Loc: Baekdamsa, Seoraksan, 27 May. 1999; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6575; Loc: Jinburyeong, 12 Aug. 1980; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Takydromuswolteri Fischer, 1885Mountain grass lizard; \uc904\uc7a5\uc9c0\ubc40; six specimensFischer JG (1885) Ichthyologische und herpetologische Bemerkungen. V. Herpetologische Bemerkungen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten. 2: 82\u2013121.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6467; Loc: Cheonmasan, 19 May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6474; Loc: Baekryeong-do (unknown collection date and year); Leg: Kim Hoonsoo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6475; Loc: Sindang-ri, Chungju, 5 May. 1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun. Voucher series EWNHM-ANIMAL 6482 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6484 ; Loc: Anmyeondo (unknown collection date or year); Leg: Kim Hoonsoo.Takydromus sp.Two specimensEWNHM-ANIMAL 6469; Loc: Sangwonsa, Odaesan, 16 May. 1982; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6473; Loc: Han River (Hangang), 27 Sep. 1959; Leg: Jeong Yeongae.Remarks: we were unable to identify these two specimens because the number of femoral pores (a characteristic that is clearly different between T.amurensis and T.wolteri) were not clearly visible. Pholidosis characteristics alone were insufficient to make a clear diagnosis at species level.Scincellavandenburghi Tsushima smooth skink; \ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40; two specimensSchmidt KP (1927) Notes on Chinese reptiles. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 54: 467\u2013551.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6492; Loc: Jugeumsan, Gyeonggi-do, 17 Sep. 1990; Leg: Yun Seokjun. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6691; Loc: Wolchulsan, Yeongnam, 5 Oct. 2006; Leg: Kim Byungwoo.Scincellahuanrenensis Zhao & Huang, 1982\ubd81\ub3c4\ub9c8\ubc40; four specimensZhao E, Huang K (1982) A survey of amphibians and reptiles in Liaoning Province. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1: 1\u201323.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6493 \u2013 EWNHM-ANIMAL 6496 ; Loc: Seorim, Yangyang, Gangwondo, 30 Jun. 2008; Leg: Lee Sangcheol.Voucher series Tiliquagigas Blue-tongued skink; one specimenSchneider JG (1801) Historiae Amphibiorum naturalis et literariae. Fasciculus secundus continens Crocodilos, Scincos, Chamaesauras, Boas. Pseudoboas, Elapes, Angues. Amphisbaenas et Caecilias. Frommanni, Jena, Germany. 374 pp.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6610; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Trachemysscriptaelegans Red-eared slider; \ubd89\uc740\uadc0\uac70\ubd81; four specimensPseudemysscriptaOriginal label name: Wied M (1838) Reise in das innere Nord-America in den Jahren 1832 bis 1834, erster Band. J. Hoelscher, Coblenz, 654 pp.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6580; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6617; Loc: no location data, 10 Mar. 1979; Leg: Shin Sook. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6699; Loc: no data; Leg: no data. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6700; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Remark. generic assignment in the updated labels is based on the original description of Trachemys by Trachemys from synonymy with Pseudemys by Pelodiscusmaackii Northern Chinese softshell turtle; \uc790\ub77c; two specimensAmydamaackiiOriginal label name: Brandt JF (1858) Observationes quaedam ad generis trionychum species duas novas spectantes. Bulletin de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie Imp\u00e9riale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, la classe Physico-Math\u00e9matique 16: 110\u2013111.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6611; Loc: Yukgokcheon, Gyeongbuk, 20 Aug. 1959; Leg: Oh Soonjo. EWNHM-ANIMAL 6614; Loc: Yangsuri, 30 Oct.1979; Leg: Yun Seokjun.Remark: generic assignment in the updated labels reflects taxonomy used in Pelodiscussinensis Wiegmann, 1835Chinese softshell turtle; \uc911\uad6d\uc790\ub77c; one specimenAmydasinensisOriginal label name: Wiegmann AFA (1834) In: Meyen FJF (Ed.) Beitr\u00e4ge zur zoologie gesammelt auf einer reise um die erde. siebente abhandlung. amphibien. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academia Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina  17: 185\u2013268.EWNHM-ANIMAL 6612; Loc: \u201cPond\u201d, 30 Jul. 1964; Leg: Department of Biology.Remark: generic assignment in the updated labels as explained above for P.maackii.Pelodiscus sp.One specimenEWNHM-ANIMAL 6613; Loc: no data; Leg: no data.Remark: morphological characteristics used to identify Pelodiscus species , all native anuran species, three of six native salamander species, and some exotic and invasive species . In taxonomic diversity, the herpetological collection of EWNHM contain 17 amphibian species across 12 genera and eight families and 22 reptile species across 16 genera and seven families. The specimens were collected between 1951 and 2013. Although the sampling interval is not even, the time span covered by the collection is one of the broadest among collections of Korean herpetofauna. Therefore, the EWNHM collection represents one of the most significant research collections of Korean reptiles and amphibians.This catalogue is the first complete inventory of herpetology specimens deposited in the ies Figs \u20136. Some sacculus  were notEWNHM, the specimens held there are now accessible to researchers for perpetuity. In recent times, natural history collections have proved valuable resources in order to trace the origins and spread of disease (Natural history collections are a valuable resource for a number of reasons and by cataloging the collection at  disease  as well  disease . With ad"}
{"text": "Some details of the author affiliations should be corrected in the article . We sincHaneul Lee is currently affiliated only to the Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.The corrected author list is provided below:1Jerrold Petrofsky 2, Michael Laymon 1, Robert Donatelli 3,*and Haneul Lee 1\u2003School of Physical Therapy, Touro University Nevada, Henderson, NV 89002, USA; Jerrold.Petrofsky@tun.touro.edu (J.P.); Michael.Laymon@tun.touro.edu (M.L.)2\u2003Modern Athletic Science, Las Vegas, NV 88901, USA; bobbyd1950@gmail.com3\u2003Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea*\u2003Correspondence: leehaneul84@gachon.ac.kr; Tel.: +82-32-820-4335"}
{"text": "The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper :This publication was funded by COST Action \u201cInnovative approaches in pork production with entire males\u201d-IPEMA (CA 15215), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). The authors would like to thank Miriam Levenson (ILVO) and all people listed for helping with the pre-testing, translation or distribution of the questionnaire: L. Paternoster (BE), M. Frijlinck (BE), M. Lourenco (BE), O. Moreira (PT), J. Prates (PT), M. Bonneau (FR), P. Lawlor (IR), L. Doran (UK), J.E. Haugen (NO), M. Candek-Potokar (SL), M. Verhaagh (DE), D. Nakov (MK), M. Veneziani (IT) and many more colleagues and members of the Cost IPEMA network. In sweet memory and honor of Ulrike Weiler."}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error.The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Leslee T. Nguyen. The correct citation is: Pearson MD, Nguyen LT, Zhao Y, McKenna WL, Morin TJ, Dunbar WB (2019) Fast and accurate quantification of insertion-site specific transgene levels from raw seed samples using solid-state nanopore technology. PLoS ONE 14(12): e0226719."}
{"text": "R. Soc. open sci.6, 191191 (Published Online 27 November 2019). (doi:10.1098/rsos.191191)Carbonodraco lundi gen et sp. nov., the oldest parareptile, from Linton, Ohio, and new insights into the early radiation of reptiles\u2019 did not include the required ZooBank accession number. This is supplied here:Our originally published manuscript \u2018LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:02676B44-D849-4ACC-8869-76D5460E4239"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Mathieu Maheu-Giroux. The correct citation is: Owen BN, Maheu-Giroux M, Matse S, Mnisi Z, Baral S, Ketende SC, et al. (2020) Prevalence and correlates of anal intercourse among female sex workers in eSwatini. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228849."}
{"text": "This study is one in a series of planned studies on different Egyptian dipteran taxa aiming to catalogue the whole order in Egypt.Ceratopogonidae (biting midges) are systematically catalogued. A total number of 64 species belonging to 11 genera, four tribes and four subfamilies has been treated. Data for this study have been compiled from both available literature and specimens collected from different Egyptian localities by the authors. An updated classification, synonymies, type localities, world distributions by biogeographic realm(s) and country, Egyptian localities and dates of collection are provided comprising some new locality records. The study treats all previous inaccuracies in the classification of the family in Egypt.All known Egyptian taxa of the family  Ceratopogonidae is an extremely diverse family of small nematocerous flies  commonly known as biting midges, with some 130 recognised genera and almost 6,300 extant species distributed worldwide  not arched and basal medial cross-vein absent , in addition to specimens collected by the author and his co-workers from different Egyptian localities using light traps , Forcipomyiapsilonota (Kieffer), Forcipomyiafuliginosa (Meigen), Culicoidescircumscriptus Kieffer, Culicoidesdistinctipennis Austen, Culicoidespuncticollis (Becker) and Culicoidesschultzei (Enderlein)). A great deal of information, including synonymies (particularly Old World synonyms) and distributional data has been obtained from relevant literature and website databases as well. These sources are listed in the following subsections.Study area. Egypt, the study area, is a part of the Great Desert Belt, it is characterised by a warm and almost rainless climate and it is one of the driest countries in the world , Local distribution  and dates of collection. The distributional data and dates of collection that are known so far in the different ecological zones of Egypt are given. Localities within each ecological zone are arranged alphabetically and written after a colon following the ecological zone, for example, \"Lower Nile Valley & Delta: EI-Qanatir, EI-Mansoura, Marsafa \".The basic sources for this part of the catalogue are data from some specimens collected from different Egyptian localities by the authors, in addition to literature records from previous studies on the Egyptian fauna of biting midges, including: Abbreviations used:AF, AfrotropicalAU, AustralasianICZN, The International Commission of Zoological NomenclatureIs., IslandsN., NorthNE, NearcticNT, NeotropicalOR, OrientalPA, PalaearcticS., SouthSt., SaintUSA, United States of Americavar., variety1020E87A-A5E9-54C1-BE3D-1AAAE6F28ABASkuse, 18891E6BB6AB-AE03-50F8-9B45-F932B22A53E6https://www.gbif.org/species/1633120LeptoconopsLeptoconops Skuse, 1889 . Type species: Tersesthesbrasiliensis Lutz, by original designation. Kieffer, 1921 [TersesthesTownsend 1893: 370]. Type species: Tersesthestorrens Townsend, by original designation. Townsend, 1893 . Type species: Microconopsvexans Kieffer, by original designation. Kieffer, 1921 . Type locality: Tunisia. Kieffer, 1921 . Type species: Dasyheleacalcuttensis Kieffer, by subsequent designation of  Kieffer, 1913 [GymnoheleaKieffer 1921b: 115]. Type species: Kempialongiserrus Kieffer, by subsequent designation of  Kieffer, 1921 [DolichoheleaEdwards 1929: 8]. Type species: Dolichoheleapolita Edwards, by monotypy. Edwards, 1929 [LophomyidiumCordero 1929: 94]. Type species: Lophomyidiumuruguayense Cordero, by original designation. Cordero, 1929 . Type species: Atrichopogonmeloesugans Kieffer. Wirth, 1956 [PsammopogonRemm 1979: 57]. Type species: Atrichopogontrifasciata Kieffer, by original designation. Remm, 1979 [RostropogonRemm 1979: 57]. Type species: Ceratopogonrostratus Winnertz, by original designation. Remm, 1979 . Type species: Atrichopogonbessa Yu and Yan, by original designation. Yu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Hao, Yan and Zhao, 2005 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Yemen. Boorman & van Harten, 2002 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type species: Tipulabipunctata Linnaeus, by subsequent designation of  Stephens, 1829 [TetraphoraPhilippi 1865: 630]. Type species: Tetraphorafusca Philippi, by monotypy. Philippi, 1865 [ProheleaKieffer 1911a: 319]. Type species: Ceratopogondecipiens Kieffer, by subsequent designation of  Kieffer, 1911 . Type species: Ceratopogonpalustris Meigen, by monotypy. Enderlein, 1936 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Senegal. Clastrier, 1959 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type species: Atrichopogonmicrotomus Kieffer, by subsequent designation of Kieffer (1921b: 7).PhasmidoheleaMayer 1937: 233]. Type species: Phasmidoheleacrudelis Mayer, by original designation. Mayer, 1937 . Type locality: Indonesia. de Meijere, 1907 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 [ForcipomyialongitarsisTokunaga 1940: 92], preoccupied by Forcipomyialongitarsis . Type locality: Taiwan. Tokunaga, 1940 , 179. Type species: Dasyheleaornaticornis Kieffer, by subsequent designation of Wirth (1973: 358). Kieffer, 1913 . Type species: Culicoidesinsignicornis Kieffer, by original designation. Kieffer, 1925 [DicryptoscenaEnderlein 1936: 51]. Type species: Dasyheleainclusa Kieffer, by original designation. Enderlein, 1936 [SebessiaRemm 1979: 55]. Type species: Dasyheleaflavopyga Zilahi-Sebess, by original designation. Remm, 1979 [BorkentimyiaYu et al. 2005: 321]. Type species: Dasyheleaforsteri Grogan and Wirth, by original designation. Yu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Hao, Yan and Zhao, 2005 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Czech Republic. Kieffer, 1918 , unnecessary new name for Culicoides Latreille. Type species: Culicoidespunctatus Latreille, automatic. Rafinesque, 1815 [OecactaPoey 1853: 238]. Type species: Oecactafurens Poey, by monotypy. Poey, 1853 [PsychophaenaPhilippi 1865: 628]. Type species: Psychophaenapictipennis Philippi (= Culicoidesvenezuelensis Ortiz and Mirsa), by monotypy. Philippi, 1865 [HaematomyidiumGoeldi 1905: 137]. Type species: Haematomyidiumparaense Goeldi, by original designation. Goeldi, 1905 . Type species: Cotocripuscaridei Br\u00e8thes, by monotypy. Br\u00e8thes, 1912 [OxyheleaKieffer 1921a: 14]. Type species: Culicoidesdentatus Kieffer, by monotypy. Kieffer, 1921 [DiplosellaKieffer 1921b: 113]. Type species: Culicoidessergenti Kieffer, by monotypy. Kieffer, 1921 [HaemophoructusMacfie 1925: 349]. Type species: Haemophoructusmaculipennis Macfie, by monotypy. Macfie, 1925 [ProsapelmaKieffer 1925a: 417]. Type species: Prosapelmacinerea Kieffer, by original designation. Kieffer, 1925 [SynheleaKieffer 1925a: 423]. Type species: Culicoidestropicalis Kieffer, by subsequent designation of  Kieffer, 1925 [HoffmaniaFox 1948: 21]. Type species: Culicoidesinamollae Fox and Hoffman (= Culicoidesinsignis Lutz), by original designation. Fox, 1948 [BeltranmyiaVargas 1953: 34]. Type species: Culicoidescrepuscularis Malloch, by original designation. Vargas, 1953 [SelfiaKhalaf 1954: 38]. Type species: Culicoideshieroglyphicus Malloch, by original designation. Khalaf, 1954 [MonoculicoidesKhalaf 1954: 39]. Type species: Ceratopogonnubeculosus Meigen, by original designation. Khalaf, 1954 [MacfiellaFox 1955: 217]. Type species: Ceratopogonphlebotomus Williston, by original designation. Fox, 1955 [AvaritiaFox 1955: 218]. Type species: Ceratopogonobsoletus Meigen, by original designation. Fox, 1955 [TrithecoidesWirth and Hubert 1959: 2]. Type species: Culicoidesflaviscutatus Wirth and Hubert, by original designation. Wirth and Hubert, 1959 [AnilomyiaVargas 1960: 37]. Type species: Culicoidescovagarciai Ortiz, by original designation. Vargas, 1960 [DrymodesmyiaVargas 1960: 40]. Type species: Culicoidescopiosus Root and Hoffman, by original designation. Vargas, 1960 [DiphaomyiaVargas 1960: 40]. Type species: Culicoidesbaueri Hoffman, by original designation. Vargas, 1960 [GlaphiromyiaVargas 1960: 41]. Type species: Culicoidesscopus Root and Hoffman, by original designation. Vargas, 1960 [MataemyiaVargas 1960: 43]. Type species: Culicoidesmojingaensis Wirth and Blanton, by original designation. Vargas, 1960 [MeijereheleaWirth and Hubert 1961: 23]. Type species: Ceratopogonguttifer de Meijere, by original designation. Wirth and Hubert, 1961 . Type species: Culicoidessegnis Campbell and Pelham Clinton, by original designation. Vargas, 1973 [SensiculicoidesShevchenko 1977: 133]. Type species: Ceratopogonpictipennis Staeger, by original designation. Shevchenko, 1977 [RemmiaGlukhova 1977: 116]. Type species: Ceratopogonschultzei Enderlein, by original designation. Glukhova, 1977 [SilvaticulicoidesGlukhova 1977: 117]. Type species: Ceratopogonfascipennis Staeger, by original designation. Glukhova, 1977 [NeoculicoidesBoorman and Lane 1979: 327], preoccupied by Neoculicoides Pierce, 1966. Type species: Neoculicoidestaylori Boorman and Lane, by original designation. Boorman and Lane, 1979 [NullicellaLee 1982: 165]. Type species: Culicoideslasaensis Lee, . Lee, 1982 [SinocoidesChu 1983: 26]. Type species: Culicoideshamiensis Chu, Qian and Ma, by original designation. Chu, 1983 [JilinocoidesChu 1983: 28]. Type species: Culicoidesdunhuaensis Chu, by original designation. Chu, 1983 [AmossoviaGlukhova 1989: 226]. Type species: Culicoidesdendrophilus Amosova, by original designation. Glukhova, 1989 [SilvicolaMirzaeva and Isaev 1990: 98]. Type species: Culicoidesgrisescens Edwards, by original designation. Mirzaeva and Isaev, 1990 [TokunagaheleaDyce and Meiswinkel 1995: 131]. Type species: Culicoidesmikros Dyce and Meiswinkel, by original designation. Dyce and Meiswinkel, 1995 . Type species: Culicoidesmarksi Lee and Reye, by original designation. Bellis and Dyce, 2011 . Type locality: Morocco (Tarhjicht). Kremer, Del\u00e9colle and Bailly-Choumara and Chaker, 1979 . Type locality: Tunisia. Kieffer, 1918 [CulicoidesnadayanusKieffer 1918a: 95]. Type locality: Turkey. Kieffer, 1918 . Type locality: Azerbaijan . Dzhafarov, 1958 . Type locality: Iraq. Khalaf, 1957 . Type locality: Tunisia. Callot and Kr\u00e9mer, 1969 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Egypt (Maadi). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Iran. Naval, 1973 . Type locality: Israel (Jerisheh). Austen, 1921 , preoccupied by Culicoidesedwardsi Goetghebuer, 1921. Type locality: Europe. Goetghebuer, 1933 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925  Type locality: Russia. Kono and Takahasi, 1940 . Type locality: Spain. Name suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1643. Strobl, 1900 [CulicoidesimpressusKieffer 1918a: 47]. Type locality: Tunisia. Kieffer, 1918 . Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Latvia. Kieffer, 1921 . Type locality: Iraq. Khalaf, 1957 [CulicoidescoluzziiCallot et al. 1970: 710]. Type locality: Tunisia. Callot, Kremer and Bailly-Choumara, 1970 . Type locality: Algeria (El-Outaya). Kieffer, 1921 . Type locality: Iraq. Khalaf, 1957 [CulicoidesturkmenicusGutsevich 1959: 678]. Type locality: Turkmenistan. Gutsevich, 1959 . Type locality: France. Callot, Kremer and Deduit, 1962 . Type locality: Israel (Jerisheh). Austen, 1921 . Type species: Ceratopogonbellus Coquillett, by original designation. Malloch, 1915 [PrionognathusCarter et al. 1921a: 309]. Type species: Prionognathusmarmoratus Carter, Ingram and Macfie, by original designation. Carter, Ingram and Macfie, 1921 [ThysanognathusIngram and Macfie 1922: 244]. New name for Prionognathus Carter, Ingram and Macfie. Type species: Prionognathusmarmoratus Carter, Ingram and Macfie, automatic. Ingram and Macfie, 1922 [IsoecactaGarrett 1925: 9]. Type species: Isoecactapoeyi Garrett (= Ceratopogonbellus Coquillett), by original designation. Garrett, 1925 [6A0B3C90-B607-517D-9445-C36CC2A1E40FThysanognathusmelanostictaIngram and Macfie 1922: 248]. Type locality: Ghana. Ingram and Macfie, 1922 [ThysanognathusnilogenesKieffer 1925c: 262]. Type locality: Egypt. Kieffer, 1925 . Type species: Ceratopogonfemoratus Meigen, by subsequent designation of Westwood (1840: 126). Stephens, 1829 [AtmobiaBigot 1857: 519]. Type species: Ceratopogonfemoratus Meigen, by subsequent designation of  Bigot, 1857 [CeratolophusKieffer 1899: 69], preoccupied by Barboza de Bocage, 1873. Type species: Ceratopogonfemoratus Meigen, by original designation. Kieffer, 1899 . New name for Ceratolophus Kieffer. Type species: Ceratopogonfemoratus Meigen, automatic. Strand, 1928 . Type species: Palpomyiafilicornis Kieffer, by subsequent designation of  Kieffer, 1917 . Type locality: Egypt.PA: Egypt.Local distribution in Egypt: Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Cairo. Upper Nile Valley: Luxor.Dates of collection in Egypt: November and December.Meigen, 18187A0EBF7C-B72A-550A-9E01-813CF5246740MacropezaMacropeza Meigen, 1818 . Type species: Haasiellasemiflava Kieffer, by original designation. Kieffer, 1913 . Type species: Crespiniabrevipalpis Kieffer, by monotypy. Kieffer, 1923 [ParrotiaKieffer 1923b: 140]. Type species: Parrotiaflaviventris Kieffer (= Nilobezziakiefferi Wirth), by original designation. Kieffer, 1923 [SphaerobezziaZilahi-Sebess 1940: 108]. Type species: Bezziaparadoxa Zilahi-Sebess (= Ceratopogonformosa Loew), by monotypy. Zilahi-Sebess, 1940 [AD2582EC-92C6-593D-A702-98FC52B01052ParrotianiloticaKieffer 1925c: 263]. Type locality: Egypt . Kieffer, 1925 . Type species: Ceratopogonexpolitus Coquillett, by original designation. Malloch, 1915 [AllobezziaKieffer 1917: 296]. Type species: Ceratopogonexpolitus Coquillett, by original designation. Kieffer, 1917 . Type species: Bezziastrobli Kieffer , by original designation. Remm, 1974 [AspinabezziaDow and Turner 1976: 122]. Type species: Ceratopogonglaber Coquillett, by original designation. Dow and Turner, 1976 . Type locality: Egypt (Suez). Kieffer, 1925 . Type locality: Spain. Strobl, 1900 . Type locality: Egypt. Macfie, 1944 [AF: Gambia, Nigeria, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. PA: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Europe (widespread), Israel, Lebanon.Local distribution in Egypt: Fayoum: Etsa, Fayoum City. Lower Nile Valley & Delta: Banha, Cairo, EI-Mansoura, El-Qanatir, Maadi, Marsafa. Western Desert: EI-Bustan (Beheira).Dates of collection in Egypt: March to November."}
{"text": "Global Heart. 2020; 15(1): 44. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/gh.823This article details a correction to the article: Prabhakaran D, Perel P, Roy A, Singh K, Raspail L, Faria-Neto JR, et al. Management of Cardiovascular Disease Patients With Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 in Limited Resource Settings.  After the publication of \u2018Management of Cardiovascular Disease Patients With Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 in Limited Resource Settings.\u2019 ["}
{"text": "The correct name is: Sardar Alam Cheema. The correct citation is: Majeed A, Minhas WA, Mehboob N, Farooq S, Hussain M, Cheema SA, et al. (2020) Iron application improves yield, economic returns and grain-Fe concentration of mungbean. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0230720."}
{"text": "Oestridae (superfamily Oestroidea) in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia are systematically catalogued herein. Three oestrid subfamilies have been recorded in Saudi Arabia and/or Egypt by six genera: Gasterophilus (Gasterophilinae), Hypoderma, Przhevalskiana (Hypodermatinae), Cephalopina, Oestrus, and Rhinoestrus (Oestrinae). Five Gasterophilus spp. have been recorded in Egypt, namely, G.haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus), G.intestinalis (De Geer), G.nasalis (Linnaeus), G.nigricornis (Loew), and G.pecorum (Fabricius). Only two of these species have also been recorded in Saudi Arabia, namely: G.intestinalis (De Geer) and G.nasalis (Linnaeus). The subfamily Hypodermatinae is represented in the two countries by only four species in two genera, namely, H.bovis (Linnaeus) and H.desertorum Brauer (in Egypt only), and H.lineatum (Villers) (in Saudi Arabia only) and Przhevalskianasilenus (Brauer) (in both countries). The subfamily Oestrinae is represented by two widely distributed species in both countries, namely, C.titillator (Clark) and O.ovis (L.), in addition to another species represented in Egypt only, R.purpureus (Brauer). For each species, synonymies, type localities, distribution, Egyptian and Saudi Arabian localities with coordinates, and collection dates are presented.All known taxa of the family  Oestridae are a family within the superfamily Oestroidea, together with the families Calliphoridae, Rhiniidae, Sarcophagidae, Mystacinobiidae, Tachinidae, and Rhinophoridae , Hypoderma, Przhevalskiana (Hypodermatinae), Cephalopina, Oestrus and Rhinoestrus (Oestrinae) (Bot flies were formerly classified into four families: estrinae . All theestrinae : Gasterostrinae) .Gasterophilus are common obligatory endoparasites of the alimentary tract of equines (Equus spp.) including horses, donkeys, and zebras in the family Equidae , G.intestinalis (De Geer), G.nasalis (Linnaeus), G.nigricornis (Loew), and G.pecorum (Fabricius)  . Only twnasalis .Hypodermatinae is represented in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia by only four species in two genera, namely, H.bovis (Linnaeus) and H.desertorum Brauer (in Egypt only), and H.lineatum (Villers) and P.silenus (Brauer) (in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia) (Hypoderma species across the Old World (Hypoderma larvae (P.silenus (goat warble fly) are known to cause subcutaneous myiasis distinguished by nodules on the back of goats and sheep. This myiasis causes severe economic problems to the livestock industry, including abortion and reduction in the body weight, fertility, and dairy production of the infested animals, in addition to a reduction in the quality of the hides and wool of the animal (The subfamily  Arabia) . The comld World . This dia larvae . The lare animal .Oestrinae are known as nasopharyngeal bot flies; they are host specific and cause obligatory myiasis in many animal species. Their obligatory parasitic larvae are known to cause nasopharyngeal myiases giving rise to respiratory problems, rhinitis, irritation, purulent mucous exudates, and nasal discharge  and C.titillator , which cause economic damage in the animal husbandry industry , is represented in Egypt and causes a parasitic disease in horses and donkeys called rhinoestrosis, which is characterized by clinical signs ranging from inflammation to coughing, sneezing, and dyspnea : The Mediterranean coast zone with 70\u2013200 mm annual precipitation and mean temperature ranging from 9.4 \u00b0C in January to 29.7 \u00b0C in July; the middle zone with 29N as its latitudinal boundary, with less than 1 mm (Siwa Oasis) to 35 mm (Cairo) annual precipitation, and has only slightly higher temperature than the Mediterranean coast zone and the third zone is the upper Egypt, where rainfall is scant and capricious, ranging from 3 mm (Aswan) to none, with mean temperature (at Aswan) ranging from 9.3 \u00b0C in January to 41.8 \u00b0C in July. In general, the rainfall is low in the most Egyptian areas and deserts . Only the Mediterranean coastal strip from Salloum to Alexandria, Gebel Elba in the extreme southeast, and the mountains of southern Sinai receive higher and less erratic rainfall . In Saudi Arabia, the average annual temperature is 25.2 \u00b0C, the average high temperature is about 37.8 \u00b0C during summer (June to August) and is about 11.1 \u00b0C during winter (December to February). It is cool, with frost and snow may occur in the Asir Highlands during winter. The precipitation is also low throughout the country (<100 mm). It is more than 480 mm in the highlands of Asir; however, a decade may pass with no precipitation at all in the Rub\u2019 al Khali (Empty Quarter) in the southeastern Saudi Arabia (Almazroui 2011).Diptera of Egypt and established big collections of flies pinned and preserved in three Egyptian museums in Cairo University, Ministry of Agriculture, and Entomological Society of Egypt. The oestrid specimens in these collections are considered in the present study.Efflatoun Bey, often called the \u201cfather of Egyptian entomology\u201d, comprehensively surveyed the Oestrinae, Oestrusmaculatus Wiedemann, 1830 and O.libycus Clark, 1843, originally described from Egypt have been later synonymized with Cephalopinatitillator. Then Hypodermadesertorum from Helwan (Cairo), Egypt.During the nineteenth century, two species of subfamily Gasterophilidae and Oestridae). The list involved only family names with a list of species within each family, without any other taxonomic or faunistic data. Subsequently, between 1987 and 2018, the species prevalence and infestation by oestrids have been received attention by entomologists and veterinarians, but no study has been carried out to explore the national prevalence of this group. The infestation of donkeys by Gastrophilus and Rhinoestrus species has been investigated in the slaughterhouse of the National Cairo Circus and in Giza Zoo abattoir by Oestrusovis in Cairo and Przhevalskianasilenus in Sinai has been studied by Gasterophilus species infest stomach of donkeys  for the first time. Between 1988\u20132018, entomological, medical and veterinary works have been published, but most of these studies were carried out at provincial scale. The ocular myiasis in man caused by the sheep bot fly O.ovis has been firstly reported in Saudi Arabia from Abha (Asir Region) by C.titillator infesting dromedary camels has been studied in the Eastern Province ; the Ministry of Agriculture Collection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt (PPDD), and the King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KSMA). A great deal of biological, faunistic, and taxonomic information, including synonymies, distribution, collection localities, and dates were also obtained from relevant literature.The present data were gathered from some adult specimens collected and pinned by the authors from different Egyptian and Saudi Arabian localities, in addition to adult specimens pinned and preserved in Oestridae recorded from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Subfamilies are arranged phylogenetically according to This study catalogues all known taxa of the family Family-group and genus-group names are written in bold uppercase letters and left-justified, with the genus-group names italicized. The genus-group names are listed again and left-justified under the headings, and written in bold italicized letters, with the first letter in uppercase and the remaining letters in lowercase, followed by the author, year, journal, and pages. Type species for each genus is given at the end, followed by the method by which it was fixed. Species names are left-justified as well, and written in bold italicized letters. Names of taxonomically valid species (senior synonyms) are listed again, combined with their original genera and left-justified under the headings followed by the author, year, journal, and pages. Synonyms of genera and species are listed in chronological order and written in regular italicized letters, followed by the author, year, journal, and pages as in senior taxa. The type locality for each species, including both senior and junior synonyms, is provided from the original descriptions. World distribution of each species based on relevant literature is listed alphabetically. The concept of Abbreviations used:AF Afrotropical RealmAU Australasian RealmEFC Collection of the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt (Efflatoun\u2019s collection)KSA Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaKSMA King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIs IslandMCCB Museum of Community College, Al-Baha University, KSAMSHC Personal collection M. El-HawagryNE Nearctic RealmNEO Neotropical RealmOR Oriental RealmPA Palearctic RealmPPDD Collection of the Plant Protection Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, EgyptSt. SaintUSA United States of AmericaDipteraOrder: CyclorrhaphaSuborder: OestroideaSuperfamily: OestridaeFamily GasterophilinaeSubfamily Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeGenusLeach, 181755AF2635-D7D0-5BD5-B866-A5E858DCA236GasterophilusOestrusequi Clark, 1797 , by subsequent designation of Curtis, 1826: 146. Leach, 1817: 2. Type species: GastrusOestrusintestinalis De Geer, 1776, by subsequent designation of Coquillett, 1910: 546. Meigen, 1824: 174. Type species: GastrophilusGasterophilus. Agassiz, 1846: 160. Invalid emendation of EnteromyzaGasterophilus. Rondani, 1857: 20. Unnecessary replacement name for RhinogastrophilusOestrusnasalis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation. Townsend, 1918: 152. Type species: EnteromyiaOestrushaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation. Enderlein, 1934: 425. Type species: StomachobiaOestruspecorum Fabricius, 1794, by original designation. Enderlein, 1934: 425. Type species: HaemorrhoestrusOestrushaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation. Townsend, 1934: 406. Type species: ProgastrophilusOestruspecorum Fabricius, 1794, by original designation. Townsend, 1934: 406. Type species: Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridae746A2A68-A481-5D4B-AA9F-CA27F6D4A66FOestrushaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758: 584. Type localities: Probably Sweden, Germany, and France see .Oestrussalutiferus Clark, 1816: 3. Type locality: England.Oestrusduodenalis Schwab, 1840: 35. Type locality: Europe.Gastrophiluspallens Bigot, 1884: 4. Type locality: Sudan (Suakin).Gasterophiluspseudohaemorrhoidalis Gedoelst, 1923: 272. Type localities: Eritrea (Asmara); Republic of the Congo, Katanga Province (Biano), and Zambia.Oestrushemorrhoidalishaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758. Clark, 1815: 71. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Oestrushemorroidalishaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758. Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1827: 96. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Oestrusaemorrhoidalishaemorrhoidalis Linnaeus, 1758. Rondani, 1857: 21. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Nose bot fly or Lip bot fly.AF: Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Republic of the Congo, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia. AU: Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Tasmania. NE: Canada , Mexico, USA (widespread). NEO: Argentina, Venezuela. OR: India. PA: Widespread. 37ECC6A4-101F-5BD8-A7BE-676D5FD25891Oestrusintestinalis De Geer, 1776: 292. Type locality: Sweden.Oestrusequi Clark, 1797: 298. Preoccupied by Fabricius, 1787. Type locality: England.Oestrusgastricusmajor Schwab, 1840: 31. Unavailable name.Oestrusbengalensis Macquart, 1843: 182. Type localities: Bangladesh and India.Oestrusgastrophilus Gistel, 1848: 153. Type locality: Probably Germany.Oestrusschwabianus Gistel, 1848: 153. Type locality: Probably Germany (Bavaria).Gastrophilusequivar.asininus Brauer, 1863: 71. Type localities: Egypt and Sudan (\u201cEgypten\u201d & \u201cNubien\u201d).Gastrophilusaequiequi Clark, 1797. : Gasterophilusmagnicornis Bezzi, 1916: 29. Type locality: Eritrea.Horse bot fly.AF: Burkina Faso, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Senegal, South Africa, St. Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates. AU: Australia , Hawaii, New Zealand. NE: Canada , Mexico , USA (widespread). NEO: Argentina, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Chile (B\u00edo B\u00edo Region), Jamaica, Venezuela. OR: India. PA: Widespread. 368E6F1E-0C32-5E69-9B0F-FC50A85A23D1Oestrusnasalis Linnaeus, 1758: 584. Type locality: Sweden.Oestrusequi Fabricius, 1787: 321. Type locality: Probably Europe.OestrusveterinusOestrusnasalis Linnaeus, 1758. Clark, 1797: 312. New replacement name for OestrussalutarisNomen nudum. Clark, 1815: pl. 1. Gasterophilusclarkii Leach, 1817: 2. Type locality: England (Bantham).Gastrusjumentarum Meigen, 1824: 179. Type locality: Probably Denmark.Oestrusgastricusminor Schwab, 1840: 40. Unavailable name.Gastrussubjacens Walker, 1849: 687. Type locality: Canada (Nova Scotia).Oestrusstomachinus Gistel, 1848: 153. Type locality: Probably Germany (Bavaria).Gasterophiluscrossi Patton, 1924: 963. Type locality: India (Punjab).Gastrophilusalbescens Pleske, 1926: 228. Type locality: Egypt (Cairo).Gastrophilusnasalisvar.nudicollis Dinulescu, 1932: 28, 32. Type locality: Unknown.Gastrophilusveterinusvar.aureus Dinulescu, 1938: 315. Type locality: Unknown.Gastrusjumentorumjumentarum Meigen, 1824. : Brauer, 1863: 87, 280. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Oestrusnasulisnasalis Linnaeus, 1758. : Fabricius, 1787: 321. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Throat bot fly or Horse nasal bot fly.Cosmopolitan.see Table 30.045837N, 31.091406E; 18.May.1935; EFC \u2022 1 female; Cairo Manure Co.; 30.102160N, 31.253994E; 11.Jun.1924; from the stomach of a mule; EFC \u2022 1 male; Helwan; 29.839022N, 31.300160E; 18.May.1934 \u2022 1 female; Maadi; 29.961203N, 31.266910E; 9.Apr.1916; EFC.Egypt \u2022 1 male; Abu-Rawash; Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridae1C889187-11FA-5D16-887E-7F4ABF1C61F1Gastrusnigricornis Loew, 1863: 38. Type locality: Moldova (Bessarabia).Gastrophilusviridis Sultanov, 1951: 41. Type locality: Kazakhstan.Gasterophilusmigricornisnigricornis Loew, 1863. : Colwell, 2006: 291. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Horse stomach bot fly.PA: China, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan 9D609B46-4CB2-594D-BCE2-8571B3B7B255Oestruspecorum Fabricius, 1794: 230. Type locality: Probably Europe.Oestrusvituli Fabricius, 1794: 231. Type locality: Not given, probably Sweden and France.Gastrusjubarum Meigen, 1824: 179, 180. Type locality: Austria.Gastruslativentris Brauer, 1858b: 465. Type locality: Latvia (Curland).Gastrusferruginatus Zetterstedt, 1844: 978. Type locality: Sweden .Gasterophiluspecorumvar.zebrae Rodhain & Bequaert, 1920: 181. Type localities: Kenya and Tanzania.Gastrophilusvulpecula Pleske, 1926: 227. Type locality: China .Gastrophilusgammeli Szil\u00e1dy, 1935: 140. Type locality: Hungary.Gastrophilushammeligammeli Szil\u00e1dy, 1935. : Paramonov, 1940: 34, 46. Incorrect subsequent spelling of GastrusselysiNomen nudum. Walker, 1849: 687. Dark-winged horse bot fly.AF: Burkina Faso, Kenya, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia. OR: India. PA: Belgium, China , Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom 47F461ED-719F-5920-8464-8FC0CBE72854Oestrusbovis Linnaeus, 1758: 584. Type locality: Not given (? Sweden).OestrusericetorumNomen dubium. Clark, 1815. Oestrussubcutaneus Greve, 1818: 2. Type locality: Not given.Oestrusbovinus Schwab, 1840: 43. Type locality: Not given.Hypodermaheteroptera Macquart, 1843: 181. Type locality: Algeria (Oran).Hypodermabellieri Bigot, 1862: 113. Type locality: France (Corsica).Ox warble fly.AU: Hawaii, New Zealand. NE: Widespread. PA: Widespread.Unknown.This species is known to be recorded in Egypt only from the list of Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeBrauer, 1897BB1C3D54-8A25-549C-AD71-F903349E180DHypodermadesertorum Brauer, 1897: 377. Type locality: Egypt (Helwan).No specific common name.PA: Egypt.See Table Hypodermabovis ; however, Hypoderma spp. in the Palaearctic Region and used the colour of hairs on mesonotum, shape of antennal segments and body length to differentiated between H.desertorum and H.bovis. Holotype is deposited in Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria (NMW).Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridae199CCD0B-0C1C-5A9C-8FF2-DEA1B88BE394Oestruslineatum Villers, 1789: 349. Type locality: Not given (Europe).HypodermabonassiUSA (Colorado). Brauer, 1875: 75. Type locality: Oestrussupplens Walker, 1849: 685. Type locality: Canada (Nova Scotia).Lesser cattle warble fly.Cosmopolitan.See Table Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeGenusGrunin, 1948D3BA0FA4-E946-5634-BDFE-B01BC35DBEA5PrzhevalskianaHypoderma Latreille, 1818). Type species: Hypodermaorongonis Grunin, 1948, by monotypy. Grunin, 1948: 469 C7247CF7-A018-527A-9F0A-5302919A3DB8Hypodermasilenus Brauer, 1858b: 460. Type localities: Italy ; Egypt (Sinai).Hypodermaaegagri Brauer, 1863: 134, 281. Type locality: Greece (Crete).Hypodermagazellae Gedoelst, 1916: 263. Type locality: Tanzania (Massai).Hypodermacrossi Patton, 1922: 573. Type locality: India (Punjab).Hypodermaaeratum Austen, 1931: 423. Type locality: Cyprus .Hypodermacapreum Gauser, 1940: 38. Type locality: Azerbaijan.Goat warble fly.AF: East Africa, Saudi Arabia [as \u201cSouth western part\u201d]. OR: India. PA: Central Asia, Middle East, North Africa, southern Europe.See Table 19.759526N, 41.428219E; 3.Feb.2009; El-Hawagry leg.; sweeping net; MCCB.Saudi Arabia \u2022 1 female; Al-Mekhwa; Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeGenusStrand, 192842D54867-44FC-5D10-97C6-2B0FF01386A4CephalopinaCephalopsis). Strand, 1928: 48 , by original designation. Preoccupied by Fitzinger, 1873 in Pisces. Townsend, 1912: 53. Type species: Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeF4816E7E-68E9-5C96-9AEE-446AE5A8202DOestrustitillator Clark, 1816: 4. Type locality: Syria.Oestrusmaculatus Wiedemann, 1830: 256. Type locality: Egypt.OestruslibycusNomen nudum. Clark, 1841: 100. Oestruslibycus Clark, 1843: 93. Type locality: Egypt.Pharyngobaluscameli Steel, 1887: 27. Type localities: Sudan, ?Afghanistan.Camel nasal bot fly.AF: East Africa, Saudi Arabia [as \u201cSouth western part\u201d]. AU: Australia. OR: India. PA: Widespread in association with camels, particularly, Afghanistan, Middle East, Mongolia, North Africa, South Europe.See Table 30.040022N, 31.244248E; 6.Jun.1924; Efflatoun leg.; from nose of camel; EFC \u2022 1 male; same data as for preceding; 2.Jul.1924 \u2022 1 female; same data as for preceding; 19.Nov.1929 \u2022 1 male; Kerdassa; 30.02566N, 31.11335E; 19.May.1924; R.M. leg.; from nose of camel; EFC \u2022 1 male, 1 female; Sinai, W. El-Sheikh; 28.56568N, 33.96525E; 21\u201327.Apr.1939; B.C.E. leg.; EFC \u2022 1 female; Cairo abattoir; 30.040022N, 31.244248E; 20.Jan.1924; H.C.E. leg.; from the nose of a camel; PPDD \u2022 1 female, 1 male; Birqash; 30.162842N, 31.039242E; 21.Jun.1999; El-Hawagry leg.; sweeping net; MSHC.Egypt \u2022 1 male; Cairo abattoir; 24.578977N, 46.736175E; 30.Oct.1999; Azzam Alahmed leg.; from dromedary camels; KSMA.Saudi Arabia \u2022 2 females; Riyadh, slaughterhouse; Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridaeGenusLinnaeus, 175849C3240B-945C-5E3D-B28E-B0039DBAFF01OestrusOestrusovis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation of Curtis, 1826: 106. Linnaeus, 1758: 584. Type species: CephalemyiaOestrusovis Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy. Latreille, 1818: 273. Type species: CephalomyiaCephalemyia. Agassiz, 1846: 71. Unjustified emendation of Taxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraOestridae1E9C5CEC-FA50-5327-85FA-A90A423D3972Oestrusovis Linnaeus, 1758: 585. Type locality: Not given (? Sweden).Oestrusargalis Pallas, 1776: 29. Type locality: Not given (? Middle Asia).OestrusperplexusNomen nudum. Hudson, 1892: 63. Type locality: New Zealand. Sheep nasal bot fly.Cosmopolitan 5B13BD52-F039-545A-AC84-3FFA45EE9758Cephalomyiapurpurea Brauer, 1858b: 457. Type locality: Austria (Bisamberg).Rhinoestrusnasalis : Brumpt, 1913: 700. Misidentification.Equine nasal bot fly.AF, OR: Widespread  and Sinai Peninsula. The same situation is in Saudi Arabia as few records were reported especially from Al-Baha, Eastern Province, Makkah, and Riyadh regions  (Gasterophilus species have been reported in donkeys and horses (family Equidae) (Rhinoestruspurpureus (Bovidae) have been reported as hosts for the larvae of Hypodermalineatum . Two cases of gastric myiasis with larvae of unidentified Oestrus sp. were reported from Egypt, Minia Governorate  . AttacksEquidae)  and Rhinurpureus . The goalineatum , Oestrusrusovis , and Przsilenus . Ophthalernorate .Gasterophilusintestinalis, Gasterophilusnasalis, Gasterophilusnigricornis, Przhevalskianasilenus, Cephalopinatitillator, Oestrusovis and Rhinoestruspurpureus. This catalogue undoubtedly will act as a baseline for further study in both countries.The low abundance and diversity of species in both Egypt and Saudi Arabia should be taken with caution, since the family seems to lack sampling efforts in both countries. We think that the distributional data of these economically important flies within Egypt and Saudi Arabia is still scanty, and more efforts would be highly desirable in the future. Nevertheless, the present catalogue presented some new locality records especially for"}
{"text": "Heteroonops , from Hispaniola: H.scapulasp. nov., H.jurassicussp. nov., H.aylinalegreaesp. nov., H.verrucasp. nov., H.renebarbaisp. nov., H.yumasp. nov., H.carlosviquezisp. nov., H.gabrielsantosisp. nov., H.solanllycarreroaesp. nov. and H.constanzasp. nov. The occurrence of the pantropical type species Heteroonopsspinimanus  is reported and new localities are given for: H.validus , H.vega  and H.castelloides . Molecular phylogenies indicate substantial genetic divergence separating these taxa. This work adds to evidence that the depth of diversity in the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot is particularly striking for tiny taxa living in leaf litter.The Caribbean biodiversity hotspot harbors vast reserves of undiscovered species. A large-scale inventory of Caribbean arachnids (CarBio) is uncovering new species across the arachnid tree of life, and allowing inference of the evolutionary history that has generated this diversity. Herein we describe ten new species of  Oonopidae currently includes 1846 species distributed in 113 genera, making it the 8th largest spider family  project on Oonopidae was launched. At the time only 459 species of Oonopidae were known . In eleven years, the PBI project led to the discovery and descriptions of nearly 1300 new oonopid species, increasing our knowledge of the fauna by 300%. Yet, new species continue to be discovered as new areas are more thoroughly sampled, such as during the ongoing Caribbean arachnid biodiversity inventory (project CarBio).The Greater Antilles islands form the most species-rich landmasses in the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot. These islands serve as exceptional systems for studies of species formation and biogeography . Our ongr family . In 2006Oonopidae are small (1.0\u20135.0 mm) yellow, orange to bright red haplogyne spiders. Most members of this family are found living in leaf litter, but some live in canopies , is pantropical, while the remainder of the group has a circum-Caribbean distribution, occurring from Mexico to Dominica , H.iviei , H.validus  and H.vega . Here we describe ten new species and report for the first time the presence of the pantropical genotype, H.spinimanus, as well as new localities for H.vega, H.castelloides and H.validus. We demonstrate substantial genetic divergence between these species and analyze biogeographic patterns within Hispaniola using mitochondrial phylogenies.Dominica . In 2009Natural History Museum in Vermont, USA (UVM); type specimens are deposited at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA . Specimens were roughly sorted in-field and stored in 95% ethanol at -20 \u00b0C upon return to the laboratory. Species determination was done through morphological assessment, followed by molecular phylogenetic analyses. Genetic divergences guided further morphological assessment and final species delineation.All 66 specimens examined are from the 2012 CarBio expedition to Dominican Republic, unless otherwise noted. They were all found in leaf litter samples that were sifted in the field and either hand sorted, or extracted through Berlese funnels. Specimens are stored at the Specimens were collected and examined in 95% ethanol under a SMZ-U Nikon dissection microscope. A Nikon Coolpix 950 digital camera attached to the microscope was used to photograph all the structures to be illustrated. The digital photos were used to trace proportions and the illustrations were detailed and shaded by referring back to the structure under the microscope. Female genitalia were excised using a sharp entomological needle and submerged in lactic acid to clear internal structures. The structures were photographed and illustrated as explained above. All measurements are in millimeters. For complete morphological description of the genus see COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S), which are typically effective phylogenetic markers at low taxonomic levels for spiders. We amplified COI with LCO1490-2776 and 16S with 16SF and 16SR using standard protocols . We sequenced fragments of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ar anterior receptaculumef epigastric furrowes epigastric scutumpr posterior receptaculumps postepigastric scutumwp wing like projectionsGenitalia c bulbc conductore embolusHeteroonops presented in this work are genetically distinct and distinguishable morphologically. They were all collected in leaf litter samples from forest or cave habitats in Hispaniola ranging from near sea level to 2983 m. Mitochondrial genetic divergences and patterns of relationships belie a deep and old history of Heteroonops on Hispaniola , H.colombi Dumitrescu & Georgescu, 1983, H.constanza sp. nov., H.croix Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2009, H.gabrielsantosi sp. nov., H.iviei Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2009, H.jurassicus n. sp, H.macaque Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2009, H.murphyorum Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2009, H.renebarbai sp. nov., H.saba Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2009, H.scapula sp. nov., H.singulus , H.solanllycarreroae sp. nov., H.spinigata Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2009, H.spinimanus , H.toro Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2009, H.validus , H.vega Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2009, H.verruca sp. nov., H.yuma sp. nov.H.spinimanus  presents a pantropical distribution).Mexico, Costa Rica, Bahama Islands, Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Saba, Montserrat and Dominica . One female paratype, same data.Male holotype from Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Constanza, Valle Nuevo National Park, The specific epithet is a noun in apposition meaning wings, in reference to the large wing-like structures of the female internal genitalia.Males are diagnosed from all species by the combination of the following characters: constricted tip of palpal bulb and their bent embolus, wider apically, long conductor reaching the tip of the embolus Figs , 3; femaMale (holotype): Total length: 1.9; carapace length: 1.0; carapace width: 0.7. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, bright orange; pars cephalica flat. Sternum yellow; longer than wide; covered entirely with long dark setae. Endites yellow with one elongated and thin apical backward-pointing projection . Chelicerae yellow; promargin and retromargin without teeth; fangs normal 1/3 length of chelicerae. Eyes: Six eyes surrounded by black pigmentation; ALE largest, oval, PME squared; PLE smallest, oval; ALE separated by their radius; ALE-PLE touching; PLE-PME touching; PME touching. Abdomen: Oval; light gray covered dorsally with long dark setae; epigastric and postepigastric scuta light orange, well sclerotized. Legs: Yellow; tibia I with five pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I with 2 pairs of ventral spines; leg formula undetermined, missing legs II-III-IV. Genitalia: Palpal segments light yellow; palpal bulb whitish. Palpal femur, patella and tibia with spines prolaterally : Total length: 1.98; carapace length: 0.94; carapace width: 0.74. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, bright orange; pars cephalica flat. Sternum, labium and chelicerae: as in male. Endites without projection. Eyes: Same as male. Abdomen: Oval; gray; epigastric and postepigastric scuta orange, well sclerotized . Two female paratypes, same data.Male holotype from Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Constanza, Valle Nuevo National Park, \u2018Jurassic Park\u2019, The specific epithet is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality, Jurassic Park, Dominican Republic.Males are distinguished from all species of the genera by the spatula-shaped tip of the embolus Fig. . FemalesMale (holotype): Total length: 1.93; carapace length: 1.03; carapace width: 0.96. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, bright orange; pars cephalica slightly elevated. Sternum orange; longer than wide; covered entirely with long dark setae. Endites orange with one very small apical backward-pointing projection . Chelicerae orange; promargin and retromargin without teeth; fangs long, 2/3 the length of the chelicerae. Eyes: Six eyes surrounded by black pigmentation; ALE largest, oval; PME rectangular; PLE smallest, oval; ALE separated by their radius; ALE-PLE touching; PLE-PME touching; PME touching. Abdomen: Oval; beige dorsally covered with long dark setae; epigastric and postepigastric scuta orange, well sclerotized. Legs: Orange; tibia I with five pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I with two pairs of ventral spines; leg formula 4123. Genitalia: Palpal segments yellow; palpal bulb whitish. Palpal patella, tibia and tarsus with spines prolaterally : Total length: 2.12; carapace length: 0.92; carapace width: 0.76. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, yellow; pars cephalica flat. Sternum and labium light yellow. Chelicerae and endites light yellow, not modified. Eyes: as in male. Abdomen: Oval, light beige; epigastric and postepigastric scuta orange, well sclerotized .Same data as type specimens: 1\u2642 (USNMENT 00788060), 1\u2642 (USNMENT 00788048), 1\u2640 (USNMENT 00788084); 3\u2642, 4\u2640 . One male and four female paratypes, same data (USNMENT 01747003).Male holotype from Dominican Republic, La Alta Gracia Province, Occidental, San Rafael, del Este National Park, The specific epithet is a noun in apposition honoring local arachnologist and CarBio collaborator Aylin Alegre.Heteroonops by the combination of the following characters: embolus well sclerotized, not spatulated apically; short conductor not reaching the tip of the embolus : Total length: 1.65; carapace length: 0.79; carapace width: 0.67. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, light yellow; pars cephalica flat. Sternum light yellow; longer than wide; covered entirely with long dark setae. Endites light yellow with one small apical backward-pointing projection . Chelicerae yellow; promargin and retromargin without teeth; fangs normal, 1/3 length of chelicerae. Eyes: Six eyes surrounded by black pigmentation; ALE largest, oval; PME squared; PLE smallest, oval; ALE separated by their radius; ALE-PLE touching; PLE-PME touching; PME touching. Abdomen: Oval; light gray, dorsally covered with long dark setae; epigastric and postepigastric scuta light yellow, not well sclerotized. Legs: Femora whitish; other legs segments light yellow; tibia I with one pair of ventral spines, metatarsus I with two pairs of ventral spines; leg formula 4123. Genitalia: Palpal segments yellow; palpal bulb whitish. Palpal patella, tibia and tarsus with spines prolaterally : Total length: 1.89; carapace length: 0.81; carapace width: 0.67. Cephalothorax: Carapace, sternum, labium and chelicerae: as in male. Endites without projection. Eyes: Same as male. Abdomen: Oval; light gray; epigastric and postepigastric light yellow, not well sclerotized ; 1\u26423\u2640 Dominican Republic, La Alta Gracia Province, Occidental, San Rafael, del Este National Park, 18.355536N, 68.6182518W, 46 m, 7\u20138.vi.2012, team CarBio (UVM).1\u2642 Dominican Republic, Hato Mayor Province, Occidental, San Rafael de Yuma, Parque Nacional los Haitises, Cueva La Arena, Dominican Republic, La Alta Gracia and Hato Mayor provinces Fig. .Taxon classificationAnimaliaAraneaeOonopidaeDup\u00e9rr\u00e9sp. nov.DE2A5A9C-39DD-523D-A860-59AE4CE9A393http://zoobank.org/18B6E9E1-0B6C-45C8-B724-85C0A327965118.09786N, 71.18925W, 1200 m, 7.vii.2012, team CarBio . One female paratype, same data.Male holotype from Dominican Republic, Barahona Province, Cachote Biosphere Reserve, The specific epithet is a noun in apposition meaning wart in reference to the male palpal bulb bearing a wart-like projection.Males can be diagnosed from all species by the wart-like projection on the prolateral side of the bulb Fig. ; femalesMale (holotype): Total length: 1.9; carapace length: 0.95; carapace width: 0.79. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, bright yellow; pars cephalica flat. Sternum yellow; longer than wide; covered entirely with long dark setae. Endites yellow with one large, median backward-pointing projection . Chelicerae yellow; promargin and retromargin without teeth; fangs normal, 1/3 the length of the chelicerae. Eyes: Six eyes surrounded by black pigmentation; ALE largest, oval; PME rectangular; PLE smallest, oval; ALE separated by their radius; ALE-PLE touching; PLE-PME touching; PME touching. Abdomen: Oval; light beige covered dorsally with long dark setae; epigastric and postepigastric scuta light yellow, well sclerotized. Legs: Femora with basal half whitish, apical half-light yellow, other legs segments light yellow; tibia I with three pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I with two pairs of ventral spines; leg formula 4123. Genitalia: Palpal segments yellow; palpal bulb whitish. Palpal patella and tibia with spines prolaterally : Total length: 2.04; carapace length: 0.98; carapace width: 0.76. Cephalothorax: Carapace, sternum, labium and chelicerae: as in male. Endites without projection. Eyes: Same as male. Abdomen: Oval, light beige; epigastric and postepigastric scuta orange, well sclerotized .Same data as type specimens: 2\u2642 .Male holotype from Dominican Republic, Hato Mayor Province, Occidental, San Rafael de Yuma, los Haitises National Park, outside Cueva La Arena, The specific epithet is a noun in apposition honoring local arachnologist and CarBio collaborator Ren\u00e9 Barba.H.vega by their long and pointed conductor : Total length: 1.34; carapace length: 0.71; carapace width: 0.59. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, light yellow; pars cephalica flat. Sternum light yellow; longer than wide; covered entirely with long dark setae. Endites light yellow with an elongated apical backward-pointing projection with rounded tip . Chelicerae yellow; promargin and retromargin without teeth; fangs normal, 1/3 length of chelicerae. Eyes: Six eyes surrounded by black pigmentation; ALE largest, oval; PME squared; PLE smallest, oval; ALE separated by their radius; ALE-PLE touching; PLE-PME touching; PME touching. Abdomen: Oval; light beige covered dorsally with long dark setae; epigastric and postepigastric scuta light yellow, not well sclerotized. Legs: Light yellow; tibia I with two pairs of ventral spines, metatarsus I with one pair of ventral spines; leg formula undertermined, legs II-III-IV missing. Genitalia: Palpal segments light yellow; palpal bulb whitish. Palpal femur, patella and tibia with spines prolaterally . Female paratype, same data (USNMENT 01747007).Female holotype from Dominican Republic, Duarte Province, Occidental, San Rafael de Yuma, Loma Quita Espuela, The specific name is noun in apposition taken from the type locality, San Rafael de Yuma, Dominican Republic.H.vega by their larger anterior receptaculum projecting posteriorly  Total length: 1.86; carapace length: 0.76; carapace width: 0.61. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, whitish; pars cephalica flat. Sternum whitish; longer than wide; covered entirely with long dark setae. Endites withish, not modified; labium light whitish. Clypeus vertical; short (1/2\u00d7 radius of ALE). Chelicerae pale yellow; promargin and retromargin without teeth; fangs normal, 1/3 length of chelicerae. Eyes: Six eyes surrounded by black pigmentation; ALE largest, oval; PME squared; PLE smallest, oval; ALE separated by their radius; ALE-PLE touching; PLE-PME touching; PME touching. Abdomen: Oval; yellowish; epigastric and postepigastric scuta pale yellow, not well sclerotized .Female holotype from Dominican Republic, Duarte Province, Occidental, San Rafael de Yuma, Loma Quita Espuela, The specific epithet is a noun in apposition honoring Costa Rican arachnologist and CarBio collaborator Carlos Viquez.Females are easily diagnosed by their umbrella-shaped anterior receptaculum Fig. .Female: Total length: 2.06; carapace length: 0.96; carapace width: 0.8. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, light orange; pars cephalica flat. Sternum yellow; longer than wide; covered entirely with long dark setae. Endites yellow, not modified; labium light yellow. Clypeus vertical; short (1/2\u00d7 radius of ALE). Chelicerae yellow; promargin and retromargin without teeth; fangs normal, 1/3 length of chelicerae. Eyes: Six eyes surrounded by black pigmentation; ALE largest, oval; PME squared; PLE smallest, oval; ALE separated by their radius; ALE-PLE touching; PLE-PME touching; PME touching. Abdomen: Oval; dark grayish-blue with pattern, apically whitish . Two female paratypes , same data.Female holotype from Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Constanza, Valle Nuevo National Park, \u2018Jurassic Park\u2019, The specific epithet is a noun in apposition honoring local arachnologist and CarBio collaborator Gabriel Santos.Females can be diagnosed from all species by the arch wing-like projections of the internal genitalia and large oval posterior receptaculum Fig. .Female: Total length: 2.31; carapace length: 0.91; carapace width: 0.84. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, light yellow; pars cephalica flat. Sternum light yellow; longer than wide; covered entirely with long dark setae. Endites light yellow, not modified; labium light yellow. Clypeus vertical, short (1/2\u00d7 radius of ALE). Chelicerae light yellow; promargin and retromargin without teeth; fangs normal, 1/3 length of chelicerae. Eyes: Six eyes surrounded by black pigmentation; ALE largest, oval; PME squared; PLE smallest, oval; ALE separated by their radius; ALE-PLE touching; PLE-PME touching; PME touching. Abdomen: Oval; whitish covered dorsally with long dark setae; epigastric and postepigastric scuta light orange, well sclerotized .Female holotype from Dominican Republic, Duarte Province, Occidental, San Rafael de Yuma, Loma Quita Espuela, The specific epithet is a noun in apposition honoring local arachnologist and CarBio collaborator Solanlly Carrrero.Females are diagnosed from all species by their posteriorly protruding epigastric scutum and their oval posterior receptaculum with folded bag-like extension Fig. .Female (holotype). Total length: 1.37; carapace length: 0.61; carapace width: 0.42. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, whitish; pars cephalica flat. Sternum whitish; longer than wide; covered entirely with long dark setae. Endites whitish, not modified; labium whitish. Clypeus vertical; short (1/2\u00d7 radius of ALE). Chelicerae whitish; promargin and retromargin without teeth; fangs normal, 1/3 length of chelicerae. Eyes: Six eyes surrounded by black pigmentation; ALE largest, oval; PME squared; PLE smallest, oval; ALE separated by their radius; ALE-PLE touching; PLE-PME touching; PME touching. Abdomen: Oval; light gray covered dorsally with long dark setae; epigastric scutum protruding, postepigastric scutum thin; scuta light yellow, not well sclerotized  with anchor-shaped structure visible through the epigastric scutum and epigastric furrow . Two female paratypes (USNMENT 01747014), same data.Male holotype from Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Constanza, Valle Nuevo National Park, \u2018Jurassic Park\u2019, The specific name is noun in apposition taken from the type locality, Constanza Province, Dominican Republic.H.castelloides Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2009; males are distinguished by the narrow, elongated palpal bulb and palpal tibia 2\u00d7 longer than patellae : Total length: 1.79; carapace length: 0.86; carapace width: 0.72. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, pale yellow; pars cephalica slightly elevated. Sternum pale yellow; longer than wide; covered entirely with long dark setae. Endites pale yellow, with small apical projection . Chelicerae yellow; promargin and retromargin without teeth; fangs normal, 1/3 length of chelicerae. Eyes: Six eyes surrounded by black pigmentation; ALE largest, oval; PME rounded; PLE smallest, oval; ALE separated by their radius; ALE-PLE touching; PLE-PME touching; PME touching. Abdomen: Oval; beige covered dorsally with long setae; epigastric and postepigastric scuta inconspicuous. Legs: Legs missing. Genitalia: Palpal segments pale yellow; palpal bulb whitish. Palpal femora, tibia and tarsus with spines prolaterally : Total length: 2.09; carapace length: 0.85; carapace width: 0.72. Cephalothorax: Carapace ovoid; shiny, yellow; pars cephalica flat. Sternum and labium light yellow. Chelicerae and endites light yellow, not modified. Eyes: as in male. Abdomen: Oval, light beige; epigastric and postepigastric scuta pale yellow, not well sclerotized 6B0D1243-AEAE-59EE-BB2F-93AB03C8705818.32902N, 68.80995W, 0 m, 5.vi.2012, team CarBio,1\u2640 (UVM).Dominican Republic, La Alta Gracia Province, Occidental, San Rafael de Yuma, del Este National Park, beach Trail to Cueva del Puente, Taxon classificationAnimaliaAraneaeOonopidaePlatnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 200910301FC4-03CD-5822-A47F-E395DF22807319.35504N, 70.111W, 200 m, 14.vi.2012, team CarBio, 1\u2642 (UVM).Dominican Republic, La Duarte Province, Occidental, San Rafael de Yuma, Loma Quita Espuela, Taxon classificationAnimaliaAraneaeOonopidaeA0103482-1EB1-59F7-9CD3-F2A7D4A6D41818.3816N, 68.8017W, 25 m, 6.vi.2012, team CarBio, 3\u26424\u2640 (UVM).Dominican Republic, La Alta Gracia Province, Occidental, San Rafael de Yuma, del Este National Park, Cueva del Puente, Taxon classificationAnimaliaAraneaeOonopidaePlatnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 20096A3BF836-79F3-589A-8E15-409428D5039419.35504N, 70.111W, 200m, 14.vi.2012, team CarBio, 1\u2642 (UVM).Dominican Republic, La Duarte Province, Occidental, San Rafael de Yuma, Loma Quita Espuela, Heteroonops diversity in Hispaniola. First, we found a total of 66 individuals distributed in 14 Heteroonops species, 10 of which were new, from only eight sampling sites. At a single site in Loma Quita (200 m) we found five species including three that are new  and two that represent new records . Similarly, we found three new species in one locality in a high elevation forest (2100 m) in the Cordillera Central Parque National Valle Nuevo . Moreover, a fourth new species H.scapula, was discovered in the same park at higher elevation (2983 m). Taxa from both of these localities are phylogenetically widespread reflecting an old most recent common ancestor and high levels of subsequent diversification (Fig. Observed patterns in our data are consistent with a high probability that our sampling has only detected a small subset of the ion Fig. Heteroonops species are wide ranging. Two taxa that represent new records were collected far from their type localities in the Cordillera Central, H.castelloides, and H.validus. Interestingly both of these species have been collected in flight intercept traps (H.aylinalegreae, was collected in two separate low elevation localities on the northern and southern sides of Eastern Hispaniola. While it seems that some members of this genus are capable of widespread dispersal, most notably the type species, the high levels of diversity in the Dominican Republic suggest an old presence and much speciation within West Indies, consistent with biologies that are not typically dispersal prone.Despite patterns consistent with high local diversity, there is evidence that some pt traps  suggesti"}
{"text": "Calodia Nielson are described and illustrated: C.quadrimaculasp. nov. from Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces and C.zuoaesp. nov. from Yunnan Province, China. A checklist along with distribution and a key to species based on male genitalia of the genus Calodia from China are provided. Olidiananigritibiana (Li), comb. nov.  is proposed. At present, this genus comprises 45 known species worldwide, of which 19 species are recorded from China.Two new species of the leafhopper genus  Calodia  was described by Calodiamultipectinata as the type species. Calodia is a relatively small genus of leafhoppers widely distributed throughout Asia and also the Pacific (Indonesia and the Philippines). In recent taxonomic studies on Coelidiinae, Coelidiini by reassigning the species to several new genera and dealt with six new species of Calodia, provided a revised key to species of Calodia and also an updated catalogue of the species; of these, two species were from China. Lodiananigritibiana Li, 1988 and placed it in the genus Calodia. The genus Calodia from China are described together with a checklist to Chinese species of the genus and a key for their separation. Lodiananigritibiana Li, 1988 was resurrected from synonymy and transferred to the genus Calodia by Olidiana. Therefore, Olidiananigritibiana (Li), comb. nov. is proposed here.In this paper, two new species of All specimens described in this study were collected by sweep net. Morphological terminology follows mainly GUGC), under the following accession numbers: C.quadrimacula sp. nov.: #CCW9043; C.zuoae sp. nov.: #CCW9065.The type specimens of the new species and other materials examined are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China .Calodiaapicalis LiCalodiaapicalis Li, 1989: 3, figs 20\u201324; Distribution: China (Guizhou).Calodiabispinea Li & FanCalodiabispinea Li & Fan, 2017: 41, fig. 9.Distribution: China (Yunnan).Calodiacurveprocessa Li & FanCalodiacurveprocessa Li & Fan, 2017: 43, fig. 10.Distribution: China (Yunnan).Calodiaexpenda Li & FanCalodiaexpenda Li & Fan, 2017: 45, fig. 11.Distribution: China (Yunnan).Calodiaforkstyla Li & FanCalodiaforkstyla Li & Fan, 2017: 47, fig. 12.Distribution: China (Yunnan).Calodiafusca (Melichar)Jassusfusca Melichar, 1903;179.Jassuspauperculus Spangberg, 1878: 35. Synonymised by Tettigoniafrontalis Kirby, 1891: 171. Synonymised by Calodiafusca (Melichar): Distribution. China.Calodiaguttivena Coelidiaguttivena Walker, 1857: 99.Jassusguttivena , Calodiaguttivena , Distribution: China (Fujian), Malaysia, Thailand.Calodiaharpagota ZhangCalodiaharpagota Zhang, 1994: 125, fig. 124; Distribution: China .Calodialii ZhangCalodialii Zhang, 1994: 123, fig. 120; Distribution: China (Tibet).Calodialongilamina (Zhang)Lodianalongilamina Zhang, 1994: 88 fig. 83.Calodialongilamina (Zhang), Distribution: China (Yunnan).Calodialongispina Li & WangCalodialongispina Li & Wang, 1991: 116, fig. 60; Distribution: China (Guizhou).Calodiavincula NielsonCalodiavincula Nielson, 2015: 9, 12, Pl. 1C, figs 28 \u2013 32.Distribution: China (Kouy Tch\u00e9ou).Calodiaostenta (Distant)Jassusostentus Distant, 1918: 49.Coelidiaostenta (Distant), Jassuspauperculus Spangberg, 1878: 35; Ge 1966: 78. Synonymised by Coelidiapaupercula (Spangberg), Tettigoniafrontalis Kirby, 1891: 169. Synonymised by Coelidiafrontalis (Kirby), Calodiaostenta (Distant), Distribution: China , India, Sri Lanka.Calodiapatricia (Jacobi)Jassuspatricius Jacobi, 1944: 49.Coelidiapatricia (Jacobi), Jassusochraceus Jacobi, 1944: 50. Synonymised by Coelidiaochracea (Jacobi), Calodiaflavinota Cai & Kuoh, 1993; 219; Calodiaparicia (Jacobi), Distribution: China .Calodiaquadrimacula sp. nov.Distribution: China .Calodiascutopunctata (Zhang)Lodianascutopunctata Zhang, 1994: 83, fig. 78.Olidianascutopunctata  Calodiascutopunctata  Distribution: China .Calodiasichuanensis NielsonCalodiasichuanensisDistribution. China (Sichuan).Calodiazuoae sp. nov.Distribution: China (Yunnan).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraCicadellidaeF42E4C22-61C5-5BAF-9209-1B0500F35FCDhttp://zoobank.org/8C89F5F1-C4DC-4FA5-92ED-6AC3C1D9268FHolotype, \u2642, China: Guizhou Province, Bijie City, Weining County, Caohai Reserve, 3 July 2017, coll. Caohai expedition team (GUGC). Paratype, 3 \u2642\u2642, 6 \u2640\u2640 same information as holotype. 2 \u2642\u2642, CHINA: Yunnan Province, Yuxi City, Xinping County, 21 July 2018, coll. Xian-yi Wang (GUGC).C.harpagota Zhang, 1994, but differs in having the style apophysis with a subapical spur and the aedeagal shaft with angular projection on the ventral margin in lateral view and with two slender subapical processes.The new species is similar to Middle-sized species. Body length (including tegmina): male, 7.2\u20137.8 mm, female, 7.9\u20138.4 mm.Coloration. Ground color brown. Crown yellow with two pairs of brown spots medially, ocelli black .Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraCicadellidaeB9C7A29A-189B-5F21-AB67-84983FA02AC3http://zoobank.org/681D84A8-5E50-4166-9235-9961CB491DC1Holotype, \u2642, China: Yunnan Province, Lushui County, Pianma town, Mt. Gaoligong, 26 May 2019, coll. Qin Zuo (GUGC). Paratype, \u2642, same information as holotype.C.lii Zhang, 1994, but differs in the structure of aedeagal shaft processes and the aedeagal shaft.The new species is similar to Moderately large species. Body length (including tegmina): male, 8.8\u20139.4 mm.Coloration. Ground color blackish. Head with crown brown; clypellus with median narrow yellowish stripe; area between lateral frontal sutures and eyes ochraceous (Figs ous Figs , 26. ForMorphology. Head, narrower than pronotum, anterior margin broadly rounded; crown broad, slightly broader than width of one eye, slightly produced beyond anterior margin of eyes, eyes about \u2154 width of pronotum (Fig. tum Fig. ; clypeustum Fig. . Pronotutum Fig. . ScutellMale genitalia. Pygofer in lateral view triangulate, with small lobe apically (Fig. lly Fig. . Subgenilly Fig. . Style slly Fig. . Connectlly Fig. . Aedeagally Fig. , 31.The new species is named after Ms Qin Zuo who collected the holotype.C.lii but differs in the structure of aedeagal shaft processes, i.e., aedeagal shaft processes have finer and denser setae in C.zuoae compared to sparse and elongate secondary spines in C.lii; the shorter process has setae confined to apex of the process in C.zuoae and in C.lii the spines on the shorter process are along entire lateral margin; the setae on longer process in C.zuoae are confined to an area proximad of the midlength on the outer margin of the process and in C.lii the sparse spines are found in the distal \u00be length and they are on both margins of the process in the distal \u2153.The new species closely resembles"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-61849-8, published online 16 March 2020Correction to: This Article contains typographical errors in the Acknowledgements section.\u201cthrough research projects TRACE (PTDC/MAR/74071/2006), MAPCET (M2.1.2/F/012/2011) and AWARENESS (PTDC/BIA-BMA/30514/201), co-funded by FEDER, COMPETE, QREN, POPH, ERDF, ESF, the Lisbon Regional Operational Programme, and the Portuguese Ministry for Science and Education. Funding for publication fees was provided by Project AWARENESS (PTDC/BIA-BMA/30514/201)\u201dshould read:\u201cthrough research projects TRACE (PTDC/MAR/74071/2006), MAPCET (M2.1.2/F/012/2011) and AWARENESS (PTDC/BIA-BMA/30514/2017), co-funded by FEDER, COMPETE, QREN, POPH, ERDF, ESF, the Lisbon Regional Operational Programme, and the Portuguese Ministry for Science and Education. Funding for publication fees was provided by Project AWARENESS (PTDC/BIA-BMA/30514/2017)\u201d"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-018-22412-8, published online 05 March 2018Correction to: The Supplementary Information files are missing from this Article. The Supplementary Information files appear below.Supplementary Information.Appendix I.Appendix II."}
{"text": "Psyllaephagus were reared from Macrohomotomasinica (Hemiptera: Homotomidae) feeding on Ficusconcinna.During the investigation of forest insects in Guilin, Guangxi, encyrtid parasitoid wasps belonging to the genus Psyllaephagus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), P.guangxiensis Zu sp. nov., is described from Guangxi, China as a parasitoid of Macrohomotomasinica Yang & Li (Hemiptera: Homotomidae) on Ficusconcinna (Miq.) Miq. .A new species of  Ficusconcinna is an important landscaping tree species, widely distributed in the coastal areas of southern China and has important ornamental and economic value. During the investigation of forest insects in Guilin, Guangxi, MacrohomotomasinicaHemiptera: Homotomidae) was found on Ficusconcinna. Sap feeding by this hemipteran causes visible damage mainly to the tender shoots, resulting in curled leaves and white flocs, which affect the ornamental value of the fig tree. Parasitoid wasps belonging to the genus PsyllaephagusEncyrtidae) were reared from M.sinica. The cosmopolitan genus Psyllaephagus was established by arenariusTrjapitzin 1967P. , P.belanensis (Hoffer 1963), P.brevicalcaratusP.caillardiaeP.colposceniaeP.densiciliatusP.elaeagniP.latiscapusXu et al. 2000b, P.longifuniculusP.longiventraP.longiventrisTrjapitzin 1964, P.nartshukaeP.nikolskajae (P.ogazaeP.punctatusP.stenopsyllae (P.taiwanusPsyllidae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) (opsyllae  and P.tlloidea) .P.guangxiensis Zu sp. nov., reared from M.sinica Yang & Li (Hemiptera: Homotomidae) on F.concinna (Miq.) Miq. , is described as new to science.In the present paper, Homotomidae were collected from F.concinna in Guilin City, Xiangshan District, Wanshou Lane and Xicheng Road on 8 August 2018 and 14 July 2020, respectively, then reared in nylon net bags (150 mesh size). When the parasitoid wasps appeared, they were collected and preserved in 99% ethanol. The four reared specimens  were dissected and mounted on slides according to Specimens of the host The holotype of the new species is deposited in the 'insect collections' of Tianjin Agricultural University (TJAU), China.Zusp. n.5B4993FE-0DDC-5BD1-82F1-919B248DF3DF8BAB0389-7621-4316-A7FD-05E6E207B16FType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zu Guo-Hao; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Psyllaephagusguangxiensis; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangxi; locality: Guilin City, Xiangshan District, Wanshou Lane; verbatimElevation: 150 m; locationRemarks: M.sinica (Hemiptera: Homotomidae) on F.concinna\"label transliteration: \"Guangxi, Guilin, Wanshou Lane, 02.08.2018, Zu Guohao, Chen Ye, reared from ; Event: samplingProtocol: reared; eventDate: 29-08-2018; Record Level: collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zu Guo-Hao; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Psyllaephagusguangxiensis; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangxi; locality: Guilin City, Xiangshan District, Wanshou Lane; verbatimElevation: 150 m; locationRemarks: M.sinica (Hemiptera: Homotomidae) on F.concinna\"label transliteration: \"Guangxi, Guilin, Wanshou lane, 02.08.2018, Zu Guohao, Chen Ye, reared from ; Event: samplingProtocol: reared; eventDate: 29-08-2018; Record Level: collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zu Guo-Hao; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Psyllaephagusguangxiensis; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangxi; locality: Guilin City, Xiangshan District, Wanshou Lane; verbatimElevation: 150 m; locationRemarks: M.sinica (Hemiptera: Homotomidae) on F.concinna\"label transliteration: \"Guangxi, Guilin, Wanshou lane, 02.08.2018, Zu Guohao, Chen Ye, reared from ; Event: samplingProtocol: reared; eventDate: 29-08-2018; Record Level: collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zu Guo-Hao; individualCount: 5; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Psyllaephagusguangxiensis; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangxi; locality: Guilin City, Xiangshan District, Xicheng Road; verbatimElevation: 150 m; locationRemarks: M.sinica (Hemiptera: Homotomidae) on F.concinna\"label transliteration: \"Guangxi, Guilin, Xicheng road, 14.07.2020, Zheng Li, reared from ; Event: samplingProtocol: reared; eventDate: 14-07-2020; Record Level: collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenFemale. Holotype. Length, 2.02 mm (excluding ovipositor). Body generally with metallic lustre; head, mesoscutum, scutellum and axilla with bright green metallic re\ufb02ection; clypeus and metasoma with copper green re\ufb02ection. Antenna black brown, except scape with apical 1/9 yellowish-white, F1, F2 and F3 (partly) ventrally yellow; mandibles brown, pulpi and palpi yellowish-white; tegulae white; legs pale yellow, except hind coxa wih a large brown spot dorsally; wings hyaline; ovipositor apically paler.Frontovertex Fig. A 0.28\u00d7 hMesosoma Fig. C. MesoscMetasoma longer (1.24\u00d7) than mesosoma and with hypopygium reaching to about two-thirds in specimens stored in 99% ethanol; ovipositor 2.14\u00d7 as long as mid-tibia, distinctly exserted; third valvula about 3.14\u00d7 as long as mid-tibial spur. Measurements (\u03bcm): OL, 1200. Male. Length 0.95\u20131.38 mm. Generally very similar to female in appearance except for colouration of frontovertex, mesoscutum and scutellum with copper green re\ufb02ection, relatively less dense setae in basal cell of fore wing and structure of antennae and genitalia. Head, in frontal view . Frontovertex, mesoscutum and scutellum with copper green re\ufb02ection; frontovertex 0.53\u00d7 head width; scape about 2.5\u00d7 as long as broad; fore wing about 2.2\u00d7 as long as broad; aedeagus about 1.5\u00d7 as long as mid-tibia.The specific name refers to the collecting location of the type series. Noun in apposition.China (Guangxi).M.sinica Yang & Li (Hemiptera: Homotomidae) feeding on F.concinna (Miq.) Miq. .Parasitoid of P.guangxiensis is similar to P.macrohomotoma Singh and Agarwal and P.bruchus Riek, which all have a long ovipositor, but P.guangxiensis can be distinguished by the broader scape, about 2.7\u00d7 as long as broad (about 4\u00d7 in bruchus), shorter F1, 0.65\u00d7 as long as pedicel (longer than pedicel in macrohomotoma when compared to figure 20C of macrohomotoma) and narrow hind wing, 3.55\u00d7 as long as broad (3.16\u00d7 in macrohomotoma). The new species is also morphologically similar to P.elaeagni Trjapitzin and P.caillardiae Sugonjaev. However, it differs from P.elaeagni as follows: ovipositor distinctly exserted (not exserted in elaeagni), scape 2.7\u00d7 (5.6\u00d7 in elaeagni), mid-coxa yellow (dark brown in elaeagni), tegula completely white ; from P.caillardiae: scape 2.7\u00d7 as long as broad (3.8\u00d7 in caillardiae), postmarginal vein about equal to stigmal vein .According to the keys in"}
{"text": "Paenibacillus sp. strains  that were previously isolated from cultivated surface-sterilized seeds of Cucumis melo L. . These candidate Paenibacillus plant probiotics displayed in vitro growth-promoting traits and suppressive activity against root-associated fungal/oomycete pathogens.Here, we report the draft genome sequences of seven  Paenibacillus sp. strains  that were previously isolated from cultivated surface-sterilized seeds of Cucumis melo L. . These candidate Paenibacillus plant probiotics displayed in vitro growth-promoting traits and suppressive activity against root-associated fungal/oomycete pathogens.Here, we report the draft genome sequences of seven  Paenibacillus has been described , classified using the 16S primer pair 799F/1492R as Paenibacillus spp. , and then submitted to GenBank   was completed using the Evogene Clustering/Assembly Toolbox (EvoCAT) pipeline, and then the assembled contigs were taxonomically identified using KmerFinder v3.2 (Paenibacillus sp. strain M-152 (GenBank accession number NZ_CP034141.1) (EKM202P and EKM207P), Paenibacillus polymyxa strain YC0573 (NZ_CP017968.3) (Paenibacillus polymyxa strain J (NZ_CP015423.1) (EKM208P and EKM212P), and Paenibacillus polymyxa strain HY96-2 (NZ_CP025957.1)  and then adjusted to 50\u2009ng/\u03bcl. Libraries were constructed using TruSeq DNA Nano library preparation kits (KAPA HyperPrep kit KK8504) and then sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform, which delivered 2,850,454 (EKM202P), 2,568,261 (EKM205P), 2,970,533 (EKM206P), 1,587,495 (EKM207P), 3,274,658 (EKM208P), 2,260,644 EKM211P), and 2,754,662 (EKM212P) raw reads of the 150-bp paired-end format. 25957.1)   . AssemblPaenibacillus genomes encode candidate proteins implicated in the aforementioned in vitro activities and additional traits, including tryptophan synthase (auxin production), carbon-nitrogen hydrolase, nitrogen regulatory protein PII, nitrogen assimilation/fixation (nif), phytase, alkaline phosphatase, and trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (All of the ydrolase , 14, 15,ydrolase , 17, andydrolase . Biocontydrolase , 19, 20,ydrolase , bacteriydrolase , polyketydrolase , phenaziydrolase , alkyl hydrolase , and bioydrolase , 27. ThiThe whole-genome shotgun project and raw Illumina reads were deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank and the SRA, respectively, under the accession numbers provided in"}
{"text": "Mitochondrial DNA Part B: Resources.https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2017.1280699.Patil, VU, Vanishree G, Pattanayak D, Sharma S, Bhardwaj V, Singh BP, Chakrabarti SK. (2017). Complete mitogenome mapping of potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans A2 mating type. This corrigendum is published to include the following acknowledgement of the contributions made to the first draft sequence of the whole genome, submitted under Accession no. LYVM00000000, Version: LYVM01000000:"}
{"text": "AbstractCilunculus was determined by the unique characteristic of the three distal processes present on the almost horizontal proboscis and the other differences, including a shorter and blind ocular tubercle, fewer setae on the legs and a glabrate trunk.A new species of Cilunculus species from the South-western Indian OceanNew  Cilunculus Loman, 1908 consists of 32 species . The specimens were drawn using a Camera Lucida and photographs were taken with an Auto-montage system on a Leica M205 FA stereomicroscope. Measurements were made axially, dorsally for the trunk, laterally for the palp, proboscis and leg and are given in millimetres.2020sp. n.D7217174-DF80-5113-8173-783DB2ED0575urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C9065C82-03F0-4DDD-82D4-1C0B6A36DE68Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: 20VIIS4TVG04.01; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Pycnogonida; order: Pantopoda; family: Ammotheidae; genus: Cilunculus; specificEpithet: tricuspis; Location: locationID: South-western Indian Ocean; verbatimDepth: 1585 m; verbatimLatitude: 37.466S; verbatimLongitude: 51.729E; decimalLatitude: -37.466; decimalLongitude: 51.729; Identification: identifiedBy: Jianjia Wang, Dingyong Huang, Wentao Niu, Feng Zhang; Event: samplingProtocol: TV-grab; year: 2009; month: February; day: 7; Record Level: institutionID: Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources; institutionCode: MNRTIOType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: 20VIIS4TVG04.02; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Pycnogonida; order: Pantopoda; family: Ammotheidae; genus: Cilunculus; specificEpithet: tricuspis; Location: locationID: South-western Indian Ocean; verbatimDepth: 1585 m; verbatimLatitude: 37.466S; verbatimLongitude: 51.729E; decimalLatitude: -37.466; decimalLongitude: 51.729; Identification: identifiedBy: Jianjia Wang, Dingyong Huang, Wentao Niu, Feng Zhang; Event: samplingProtocol: TV-grab; year: 2009; month: February; day: 7; Record Level: institutionID: Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources; institutionCode: MNRTIOBody length 1.79 mm. Trunk glabrous  slender, longest articles with long setae. First coxa short, with few setae; second coxa 1.5 times as long as first or third coxa, with ventrodistal and dorsal protuberances; femur 2.6 times as long as second coxa, with dorsal and distal long setae, tall cement gland tube dorso-distally; first tibia slightly longer than second tibia and 1.4 times longer than femur, with dorsal, lateral and ventral rows of setae; second tibia with ventral and lateral rows of setae and sparse dorsal setae; tarsus small, subtriangular, with one protuberance dorsally, one spine and few setae ventrally; propodus without heel, sole with seven spines and two distal setae, with two long setae dorsally and some short setae dorsally and distally; main claw slender, gently curved, 0.6 times as long as propodus; auxiliary claws half the length of main claw.Female unknown.Measurements of holotype in mm: trunk length from the anterior margin of the cephalon to the tip of 4th lateral processes 1.79; width across second lateral processes 1.0; proboscis length 1.27; abdomen length 0.55. Chelifore scape length 0.24. Palp article 1 (Pa1) 0.07; 2 (Pa2) 0.51; Pa3 0.08; Pa4 0.33; Pa5 0.08; Pa6 0.09; Pa7 0.08; Pa8 0.07; Pa9 0.06. Oviger article 1 (O1) 0.11; O2 0.39; O3 0.16; O4 0.35; O5 0.21; O6 0.10; O7 0.08; O8 0.08; O9 0.07; O10 0.02. Third leg: coxa-1 0.26, coxa-2 0.40, coxa-3 0.24, femur 1.06, tibia-1 1.49, tibia-2 1.41, tarsus 0.11, propodus 0.54, main claw 0.32, auxiliary claw 0.16.tricuspis (three-pointed), referring to the three processes on the proboscis.This specific name is from the Latin This new species was found only at the type locality, the substrate of which consisted of white and yellow foraminiferan oozing along with dead coral and shells and a small amount of black basalt.Cilunculusharadai Nakamura & Child, 1983 and the common characteristics between these two species impelled us to consider this new species as a deep-sea form of C.haradai. After further examination, several differences with C.haradai convinced us to establish this new species, as it presented shorter and blind ocular tubercle, glabrous lateral processes, fewer setae on legs, absence of heel spines and almost horizontal proboscis with three distal processes.According to the key given by Cilunculustricuspis n. sp., keying to couplet 15 of Stock\u2019s key, was distinct from C.cymobostrychos and C.roni in glabrous trunk, without wavy barbed setae or tubercles and distinguished from C.mergus and C.roni by absence of a dorsal hump on the propodus and is also different from C.misesetosus which has long auxiliary claws almost equal to the main claw.Cilunculusaustraliensis Clark, 1963, Cilunculusgaleritus Nakamura & Child, 1991 and C.roni showed the proboscis adorned with processes, but the new species could be easily distinguished from C.australiensis which presented tall spinose tubercles on the trunk and C.galeritus which presented the unique larger cephalic segment hood and could be distinguished from C.roni by the tubercles on the trunk and legs.Amongst the 32 species, only Cilunculus reported from the Indian Ocean. Amongst these are Cilunculusbifidus  only found off False Bay (South Africa) (1361 m)  and the Prince Edward Islands (South Indian Ocean) (360-376 m) , Natal (South Africa) (440 m), Kenya (1520 m) and the Mozambique Channel (1628-1600 m) (C.kravcovi (Crozet Islands), although they occur several hundred kilometres apart  , Ciluncu0-376 m)  and Cilu-1600 m) . The new Islands 55-309 m"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ambrosius P. Snijders. The correct citation is: Tan MSY, Davison D, Sanchez MI, Anderson BM, Howell S, Snijders AP, et al. (2020) Novel broad-spectrum activity-based probes to profile malarial cysteine proteases. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227341."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Clement Debacker. The correct citation is: Debacker C, Djemai B, Ciobanu L, Tsurugizawa T, Le Bihan D (2020) Diffusion MRI reveals in vivo and non-invasively changes in astrocyte function induced by an aquaporin-4 inhibitor. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0229702. There is an error in affiliation 1 for all authors. The correct affiliation 1 is: NeuroSpin/Joliot, CEA-Saclay Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. The publisher apologizes for the errors."}
{"text": "Defining the information needs of lung cancer screening participants: a qualitative study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2019;6:e000448. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000448.Ruparel M, Quaife S, Baldwin D, The license type of the paper has changed from CC BY-NC to CC BY."}
{"text": "There is an error in the article XML causing the corresponding author\u2019s initials to be indexed incorrectly. The correct initials are: Paniz Mondolfi A.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008686The correct citation is: Ram\u00edrez JD, Sordillo EM, Gotuzzo E, Zavaleta C, Caplivski D, Navarro JC, et al. (2020) SARS-CoV-2 in the Amazon region: A harbinger of doom for Amerindians. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14(10): e0008686."}
{"text": "Further, we move genera Babuskaya Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2009, Cardiosyne Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2006, Fengningia Hong, 1984 and Gemelina Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2006 from Elateridae to Coleoptera incertae sedis. We also discuss the genera previously placed in Elateridae, which are currently not included in the family. The data on the fossil generic diversity suggest that Elateridae originated in the Triassic and rapidly diversified and became comparatively abundant through the Jurassic. We call for further research on the fossil Elateridae from various deposits in order to increase our knowledge on the origin, evolution, and palaeodiversity of the group.Insect fossils bear important information about the evolutionary history of the group. The fossil record of Elateridae, a large cosmopolitan beetle family, has been greatly understudied and the available data are often replete with ambiguity and uncertainty. The research of Elateridae evolution cannot be done without solid genus-group name concepts. In this study we provide an updated comprehensive summary of the fossil genera in Elateridae, including their systematic placement and information on the type species, gender, number of species, age range, and relevant bibliography. We list seven valid fossil genera in Agrypninae, one in Cardiophorinae, two in Dendrometrinae, five in Elaterinae, two in Negastriinae, one in Omalisinae, one in Pityobiinae, and 36 in Protagrypninae. Additional 19 genera are tentatively classified as Elateridae  Elateridae, or click-beetles, is a large beetle family containing about 10,000 described species worldwide . The curincertae sedis. Alekseev [Elateridae have a long evolutionary history which dates back to the early Mesozoic ,15,16,17Alekseev  providedAlekseev  includesAlekseev .Fossils represent an important data source for understanding morphological character evolution, elucidating the relationships among lineages, and dating the phylogenetic divergence events. However, it is crucial to understand the taxonomic and phylogenetic position of fossil taxa in order to correctly interpret the evolutionary history of the group. Consequently, misinterpretations and misidentifications of fossils often result in incorrect conclusions ,16. SuchAthous Eschscholtz, 1829, Ampedus Dejean, 1833 and Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829, each of which contains one fossil subgenus. The age of fossils was taken from the Paleobiology Database . Divisions of geological time and their boundaries follow the ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v. 2020/01 (http://www.stratigraphy.org/) [We provide information on all fossil genus-group names in Elateridae, including their current systematic status. The family classification follows that of Kundrata et al. , with suhy.org/) . The oveFamily Elateridae Leach, 1815*Elater Linnaeus, 1758. For more information, including synonyms, see Bouchard et al. [Elaterides Leach, 1815: 85 . Type ged et al.  and Kundd et al. .Agrypnus Eschscholtz, 1829. For more information, including synonyms, see Kundrata et al. [Agrypnides Cand\u00e8ze, 1857: 17 . Type gea et al. .Tribe Agrypnini Cand\u00e8ze, 1857*Agrypnus Eschscholtz, 1829. For more information, including synonyms, see Kundrata et al. [Agrypnides Cand\u00e8ze, 1857: 17 . Type gea et al. .Ageratus Dolin, 1980Genus Ageratus Dolin, 1980: 72 [Ageratus ponomarenkoi Dolin, 1980: 73 [1980: 72 . Gender:1980: 73 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 72) , CarpentCompsoderus Dolin, 1980Genus Compsoderus Dolin, 1980: 71 [Compsoderus priscus Dolin, 1980: 72 [1980: 71 . Gender:1980: 72 ; by origCompsoferus: Carpenter, 1992: 304 [992: 304 ; unavail992: 304 .Literature. Dolin (1980: 71) , CarpentLitholacon Dolin, 1980Genus Litholacon Dolin, 1980: 67 [Litholacon derumpens Dolin, 1980: 68 [1980: 67 . Gender:1980: 68 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 67) , CarpentMacropunctum Tr\u00f6ster, 1991Genus Macropunctum Tr\u00f6ster, 1991: 100 [Macropunctum messelense Tr\u00f6ster, 1991: 106 [991: 100 . Gender:991: 106 ; by origLiterature. Tr\u00f6ster (1991: 100) , Tr\u00f6sterPlagioraphes Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961Genus Plagioraphes Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 84 [Plagioraphes fasciatus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 85 [1961: 84 . Gender:1961: 85 ; by origLiterature. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1961: 84) , LarssonPlagioraphes under Pityobiinae but without any justification or clarification. Here, we follow the original placement by Iablokoff-Khnzorian [Remark. This genus was originally placed in Agrypninae . Alekseehnzorian .Tribe Cryptocardiini Dolin, 1980Cryptocardius Dolin, 1980.Cryptocardiini Dolin, 1980: 74 . Type geCryptocardius Dolin, 1980Genus Cryptocardius Dolin, 1980: 74 [Cryptocardius mirabilis Dolin, 1980: 75 [1980: 74 . Gender:1980: 75 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 74) , CarpentTribe Pyrophorini Cand\u00e8ze, 1863*Pyrophorus Billberg, 1820.Pyrophorites Cand\u00e8ze, 1863: 3 . Type geEopyrophorus Haupt, 1950Genus Eopyrophorus Haupt, 1950: 101 [Eopyrophorus mixtus Haupt, 1950: 107 [950: 101 . Gender:950: 107 ; by monoLiterature. Haupt (1950: 101) , Haupt  , Spahr  olgae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 92 [1961: 92 . Gender:1961: 92 ; by origAthousimorphus: Alekseev, 2013: 7 [ 2013: 7 ; unavail 2013: 7 .Literature. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1961: 92) , LarssonLimonius Eschscholtz, 1829*Genus Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829: 33 [Elater minutus Linnaeus, 1758: 406 [1829: 33 . Type sp758: 406 ; by subs758: 406 . For mor758: 406  and Cate758: 406 .Paralimonius Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961Subgenus Paralimonius Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 91 [Limonius  barovskyi Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 91 [1961: 91 . Gender:1961: 91 ; by origLiterature. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1961: 91) , LarssonTribe Dimini Cand\u00e8ze, 1863*Dima Charpentier, 1825.Dimites Cand\u00e8ze, 1863: 237 . Type geAlaodima Dolin, 1980Genus Alaodima Dolin, 1980: 75 [Alaodima grandis Dolin, 1980: 76 [1980: 75 . Gender:1980: 76 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 75) , CarpentTribe Hypnoidini Schwarz, 1906*Hypnoidus Dillwyn, 1829.Hypnoidini Schwarz, 1906: 150 . Type geCryptagriotes Wickham, 1916Genus Cryptagriotes Wickham, 1916: 512 [Cryptagriotes minusculus Wickham, 1916: 512 [916: 512 . Gender:916: 512 ; by origLiterature. Wickham (1916: 512) , Hyslop Elater Linnaeus, 1758. For more information, including synonyms, see Bouchard et al. [Elaterides Leach, 1815: 85 . Type ged et al. .Tribe Ampedini Fleutiaux, 1947*Ampedus Dejean, 1833.Ampedidae Gistel, 1848: 5 . Type geAmpedus Dejean, 1833*Genus Ampedus Dejean, 1833: 92 [Elater sanguineus Linnaeus, 1758: 405 [1833: 92 . Type sp758: 405 ; by subs758: 405 . For mor758: 405  and Cate758: 405 .Octamenogonoides Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961Subgenus Octamenogonoides Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 88 [Elater (Octamenogonoides) gebleri Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 88 [1961: 88 . Gender:1961: 88 ; by origOctamenagonoides: Alekseev, 2013: 7 [ 2013: 7 ; unavail 2013: 7 .Literature. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1961: 88) , Spahr  , LarssonElatron Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961Genus Elatron Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 90 [Elatron semenovi Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 90 [1961: 90 . Gender:1961: 90 ; by origLiterature. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1961: 90) , LarssonHolopleurus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961Genus Holopleurus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 86 [Holopleurus succineus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 86 [1961: 86 . Gender:1961: 86 ; by origHolopeurus: Carpenter, 1992: 304 [992: 304 ; unavail992: 304 .Literature. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1961: 86) , LarssonOrthoraphes Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961Genus Orthoraphes Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 86 [Orthoraphes reichardti Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 87 [1961: 86 . Gender:1961: 87 ; by origLiterature. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1961: 86) , LarssonElaterinae incertae sedisCrioraphes Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961Genus Crioraphes Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 93 [Crioraphes rohdendorfi Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 94 [1961: 93 . Gender:1961: 94 ; by origLiterature. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1961: 93) , Larssonincertae sedis based on the morphological phylogenetic analysis.Remark. This genus was originally placed in Cardiophorinae , howeverNegastrius Thomson, 1859.Negastriinae Nakane & Kishii, 1956: 203 . Type geGanestrius Dolin, 1976Genus Ganestrius Dolin, 1976: 69 [Ganestrius stibicki Dolin, 1976: 71 [1976: 69 . Gender:1976: 71 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1976: 69) , Dolin  , Dolin  , AlekseePityobius LeConte, 1853.Pityobiinae Hyslop, 1917: 249 . Type geCretopityobius Otto, 2019Genus Cretopityobius Otto, 2019: 4 [Cretopityobius pankowskiorum Otto, 2019: 4 [ 2019: 4 . Gender: 2019: 4 ; by origLiterature. Otto (2019: 4) .Protagrypnus Dolin, 1973.Protagrypnini Dolin, 1973: 74 . Type geTribe Desmatini Dolin, 1975Desmatus Dolin, 1975.Desmatini Dolin, 1975: 60 [Anoixis Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2010Genus Anoixis Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2010: 872 [Anoixis complanus Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2010: 873 [010: 872 . Gender:010: 873 ; by origLiterature. Chang et al. (2010: 872) , Dong & Apoclion Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2010Genus Apoclion Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2010: 869 [Apoclion clavatus Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2010: 870 [010: 869 . Gender:010: 870 ; by origLiterature. Chang et al. (2010: 869) , Dong & Desmatinus Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2010Genus Desmatinus Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2010: 868 [Desmatinus cognatus Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2010: 869 [010: 868 . Gender:010: 869 ; by origLiterature. Chang et al. (2010: 868) , Dong & Desmatus Dolin, 1975Genus Desmatus Dolin, 1975: 60 [Desmatus lapidarius Dolin, 1975: 61 [Literature. Dolin 1975: 60) [75: 60 1, CarpentParadesmatus Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren in Chang et al., 2009Genus Paradesmatus Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren in Chang et al., 2009: 8 [Paradesmatus baie Chang, Kirejtshuk & Ren, 2009: 8 [ 2009: 8 . Gender: 2009: 8 ; by origLiterature. Chang et al. (2009: 8) , Chang ePlesiorhaphes Dolin, 1980Genus Plesiorhaphes Dolin, 1980: 65 [Plesiorhaphes scaber Dolin, 1980: 66 [1980: 65 . Gender:1980: 66 ; by origPlesioraphes: Korneev & Cate, 2005: 10 [2005: 10 ; unavail2005: 10 .Literature. Dolin (1980: 65) , CarpentTribe Hypnomorphini Dolin, 1975Hypnomorphus Dolin, 1975.Hypnomorphini Dolin, 1975: 54 [Hipnomorphini: Ponomarenko et al., 2012: 482 ; unavailAbrotus Dolin, 1980Genus Abrotus Dolin, 1980: 62 [Abrotus sepultus Dolin, 1980: 63 [1980: 62 . Gender:1980: 63 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 62) , CarpentAbrotus.Remark. The non-type species of this genus was considered a member of Cerophytidae by Chang et al. , and theAdiagnostus Dolin, 1980Genus Adiagnostus Dolin, 1980: 44 [Adiagnostus cardiophorinus Dolin, 1980: 45 [1980: 44 . Gender:1980: 45 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 44) , CarpentCodemus Dolin, 1980Genus Codemus Dolin, 1980: 35 [Codemus synaptoides Dolin, 1980: 36 [1980: 35 . Gender:1980: 36 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 35) , CarpentElaterophanes Handlirsch, 1906Genus Elaterophanes Handlirsch, 1906: 436 [Elater socius Giebel, 1856: 91 [Elater vetustus Brodie, 1845: 101 [E. vetustus) and Carpenter [E. socius) are invalid. Triassic of the United Kingdom (208.5\u2013201.3 Ma), Jurassic of the United Kingdom (196.5\u2013189.6 Ma). Three species.906: 436 . Gender:845: 101 ); by sub845: 101  (E. vetuarpenter  (E. sociLiterature. Handlirsch 1906: 436) , Cockere , CockerGraciolacon Dolin, 1980Genus Graciolacon Dolin, 1980: 61 [Graciolacon aeternus Dolin, 1980: 62 [1980: 61 . Gender:1980: 62 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 61) , CarpentHypnomorphoides Dolin, 1980Genus Hypnomorphoides Dolin, 1980: 54 [Hypnomorphoides catachtonius Dolin, 1980: 55 [1980: 54 . Gender:1980: 55 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 54) , CarpentHypnomorphus Dolin, 1975Genus Hypnomorphus Dolin, 1975: 54 [Hypnomorphus rohdendorfi Dolin, 1975: 56 [1975: 54 . Gender:Hyponomorphus: Chang et al., 2008: 60 [2008: 60 ; unavail2008: 60 .Literature. Dolin 1975: 54) [75: 54 1, CarpentIdiomorphus Dolin, 1980Genus Idiomorphus Dolin, 1980: 60 [Idiomorphus singularis Dolin, 1980: 60 [1980: 60 . Gender:1980: 60 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 60) , CarpentLapidiconides Dolin, 1980Genus Lapidiconides Dolin, 1980: 43 [Lapidiconides excellens Dolin, 1980: 43 [1980: 43 . Gender:1980: 43 ; by origLapidioconides: Korneev & Cate: 10 [Cate: 10 ; unavailCate: 10 .Literature. Dolin (1980: 43) , CarpentLapidostenus Dolin, 1980Genus Lapidostenus Dolin, 1980: 30 [Lapidostenus infossus Dolin, 1980: 31 [1980: 30 . Gender:1980: 31 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 30) , CarpentLithoptychus Dolin, 1980Genus Lithoptychus Dolin, 1980: 57 [Lithoptychus handlirschi Dolin, 1980: 57 [1980: 57 . Gender:1980: 57 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 57) , CarpentLithosomus Dolin, 1980Genus Lithosomus Dolin, 1980: 46 [Lithosomus erosus Dolin, 1980: 47 [1980: 46 . Gender:1980: 47 ; by origLiterature. Dolin 1980: 46) , Carpent , CarpenNecrocoelus Dolin, 1980Genus Necrocoelus Dolin, 1980: 59 [Necrocoelus aselloides Dolin, 1980: 59 [1980: 59 . Gender:1980: 59 ; by origNecrocelus: Carpenter, 1992: 305 [992: 305 ; unavail992: 305 .Literature. Dolin (1980: 59) , CarpentNegastrioides Dolin, 1980Genus Negastrioides Dolin, 1980: 52 [Negastrioides tenuis Dolin, 1980: 52 [1980: 52 . Gender:1980: 52 ; by origNegastroides: Korneev & Cate, 2005: 15 [2005: 15 ; unavail2005: 15 .Literature. Dolin (1980: 52) , CarpentParahypnomorphus Dolin, 1980Genus Parahypnomorphus jurassicus Dolin, 1980: 33 [Parahypnomorphus Dolin, 1980: 33 . Gender:1980: 33 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1980: 33) , CarpentPlatyelater Dolin, 1980Genus Platyelater Dolin, 1980: 40 [Platyelater reflexicollis Dolin, 1980: 41 [1980: 40 . Gender:1980: 41 ; by origPlatyelata: Carpenter, 1992: 305 [992: 305 ; unavail992: 305 .Literature. Dolin (1980: 40) , CarpentTribe Pollostelaterini Alekseev, 2011Pollostelater Alekseev, 2011.Pollostelaterini Alekseev, 2011: 424 . Type gePollostelasterini: Sohn et al., 2019: 9 ; unavailPollostelater Alekseev, 2011Genus Pollostelater Alekseev, 2011: 424 [Pollostelater baissensis Alekseev, 2011: 424 [011: 424 . Gender:011: 424 ; by origLiterature: Alekseev (2011: 424) .Tribe Protagrypnini Dolin, 1973Protagrypnus Dolin, 1973.Protagrypnini Dolin, 1973: 74 . Type geAcheonus Dolin, 1980Genus Acheonus Dolin, 1980: 20 [Acheonus abbreviatus Dolin, 1980: 21 [1980: 20 . Gender:1980: 21 ; by origArcheonus: Carpenter, 1992: 304 [992: 304 ; unavail992: 304 .Literature. Dolin (1980: 20) , CarpentArchaeolus Lin, 1986Genus Archaeolus Lin, 1986: 78 [Archaeolus funestus Lin, 1986: 78 [1986: 78 . Gender:1986: 78 ; by origLiterature: Lin (1986: 78) , Zhang  , Yu et aKoreagrypnus Sohn & Nam in Sohn et al., 2019Genus Koreagrypnus Sohn & Nam in Sohn et al., 2019: 6 [Koreagrypnus jinju Sohn & Nam in Sohn et al., 2019: 6 [ 2019: 6 . Gender: 2019: 6 ; by origLiterature. Sohn et al. (2019: 6) .Lithocoelus Dolin, 1975Genus Lithocoelus Dolin, 1975: 53 [Lithocoelus detrusus Dolin, 1975: 53 [Literature. Dolin 1975: 53) [75: 53 1, CarpentLithomerus Dolin, 1980Genus Lithomerus Dolin, 1980: 23 [Lithomerus cockerelli Dolin, 1980: 23 [1980: 23 . Gender:1980: 23 ; by origLiterature. Dolin 1980: 23) , Carpent: 23 , CaMegalithomerus Sohn & Nam in Sohn et al., 2019Genus Megalithomerus Sohn & Nam in Sohn et al., 2019: 3 [Megalithomerus magohalmii Sohn & Nam in Sohn et al., 2019: 3 [ 2019: 3 . Gender: 2019: 3 ; by origLiterature. Sohn et al. (2019: 3) .Micragrypnites Dolin, 1973Genus Micragrypnites Dolin, 1973: 76 [Micragrypnites issykiensis Dolin, 1973: 77 [1973: 76 . Gender:1973: 77 ; by origLiterature. Dolin 1973: 76) , Dolin  , CarpentParaprotagrypnus Chang, Zhao & Ren, 2009Genus Paraprotagrypnus Chang, Zhao & Ren, 2009: 1433 [Paraprotagrypnus superbus Chang, Zhao & Ren, 2009: 1434 [09: 1433 . Gender:09: 1434 ; by origLiterature. Chang et al. (2009: 1433) , KirejtsProtagrypnus Dolin, 1973Genus Protagrypnus Dolin, 1973: 75 [Protagrypnus exoletus Dolin, 1973: 75 [1973: 75 . Gender:1973: 75 ; by origProtagrypnites: Chang et al., 2008: 60 [2008: 60 ; unavail2008: 60 .Literature. Dolin 1973: 75) , Dolin  , Dong & incertae sedisProtagrypninae Paralithomerus Chang, Zhang & Ren, 2008Genus Paralithomerus Chang, Zhang & Ren, 2008: 55 [Paralithomerus exquisitus Chang, Zhang & Ren, 2008: 55 [2008: 55 . Gender:2008: 55 ; by origLiterature. Chang et al. (2008: 55) , Dong & Paralithomerus into Protagrypninae [Remark. This genus was originally described in Elateridae without any subfamilial assignment due to the presence of only one of two main diagnostic characters of Protagrypninae . Howeverrypninae ,82.Adocetus Scudder, 1900Genus Adocetus Scudder, 1900: 97 [Adocetus buprestoides Scudder, 1900: 97 [1900: 97 . Gender:1900: 97 ; by monoLiterature. Scudder (1900: 97) , HandlirAdocetus and Scaptolenus LeConte, 1853 (Elaterinae: Cebrionini) but the shape of prothorax in Adocetus is completely different.Remark. Both Scudder  and CarpArtinama Lin, 1986Genus Artinama Lin, 1986: 72 [Artinama qinghuoensis Lin, 1986: 73 [1986: 72 . Gender:1986: 73 ; by origLiterature. Lin (1986: 72) , Dong & Artinama belongs either to Praelateridae  or ElatBilineariselater Chang & Ren, 2008Genus Bilineariselater Chang & Ren, 2008: 237 [Bilineariselater foveatus Chang & Ren, 2008: 237 [008: 237 . Gender:008: 237 ; by origLiterature. Chang & Ren (2008: 237) , KirejtsRemark. Chang & Ren  did not Cretoelaterium Alekseev, 2008Genus Cretoelaterium Alekseev, 2008: 56 [Cretoelaterium kazanovense Alekseev, 2008: 57 [2008: 56 . Gender:2008: 57 ; by origLiterature. Alekseev (2008: 56) .Remark. Alekseev  classifiCryptocoelus Dolin & Nel, 2002Genus Cryptocoelus Dolin & Nel, 2002: 342 [Cryptocoelus buffoni Dolin & Nel, 2002: 342 [C. major Dolin & Nel, 2002: 343 as erroneously stated by Korneev & Cate [002: 342 . Gender:002: 342 ; by origv & Cate  and Chanv & Cate ). CretacCryptocoleous: Chang et al., 2007: 1245 [07: 1245 ; unavail07: 1245 .Crytocoelus: Yu et al., 2019: 381 [019: 381 ; unavail019: 381 .Literature. Dolin & Nel (2002: 342) , KorneevCryptocoelus and classified it in Elateridae incertae sedis, which was followed by Alekseev [Remark. This genus was originally classified in the agrypnine tribe Cryptocardiini , and itsAlekseev .Curtelater Chang & Ren, 2008Genus Curtelater Chang & Ren, 2008: 238 [Curtelater wui Chang & Ren, 2008: 239 [008: 238 . Gender:008: 239 ; by origLiterature. Chang & Ren (2008: 238) , KirejtsRemark. Chang & Ren  did not Elateridium Tillyard, 1918Genus Elaterites Tillyard, 1916: 41 [Elaterites Heer, 1847: 141 [Elateridium Tillyard, 1918: 751 [Elaterites Tillyard, 1916. Gender: neuter. Type species: Elaterites wianamattensis Tillyard, 1916: 41 [1916: 41 . Preoccu847: 141  [Coleopt918: 751 . Replace1916: 41 ; by origElaterium: Ponomarenko, 2011: 421 [Elateridium Tillyard, 1918, not in prevailing usage [Elaterium Westwood, 1854.011: 421 ; unavailng usage . PreoccuLiterature. Tillyard (1916: 41) , TillyarRemark. This genus contains species described based on a single elytron each ,100, andElaterites Heer, 1847Genus Elaterites Heer, 1847: 141 [Elaterites lavateri Heer, 1847: 141 [847: 141 . Gender:847: 141 ; by subs847: 141 ). PaleocLiterature. Heer (1847: 141) , Giebel Remark. Heer  erected Elaterium Westwood, 1854Genus Elaterium Westwood, 1854: 387/393 [Elaterium pronaeus Westwood, 1854: 387/393 [ 387/393 . Gender: 387/393 ; by subs 387/393 , not by  387/393 . TriassiLiterature. Westwood (1854: 387/393) , Giebel Remark. This genus has never been classified to any existing elaterid subfamily and its position remains unclear.Gripecolous Lin, 1986Genus Gripecolous Lin, 1986: 80 [Gripecolous enallus Lin, 1986: 80 [1986: 80 . Gender:1986: 80 ; by origLiterature. Lin 1986: 80) , Dong &  , Dong &Gripecolous belongs either to Praelateridae or Elateridae: Protagrypninae, and Yu et al. [Remark. This genus was originally described in Silphidae . Dong etu et al.  listed iLudiophanes Wickham, 1916Genus Ludiophanes Wickham, 1916: 522 [Ludiophanes haydeni Wickham, 1916: 522 [916: 522 . Gender:916: 522 ; by origLiterature. Wickham (1916: 522) , Hyslop Ludius Latreille, 1834  and Megapenthes Kiesenwetter, 1858, respectively, which both are currently classified in Elaterinae.Remark. This genus has never been classified to any existing elaterid subfamily although Wickham  and CarpMercata Lin, 1986Genus Mercata Lin, 1986: 79 [Mercata festira Lin, 1986: 79 [1986: 79 . Gender:1986: 79 ; by origLiterature. Lin 1986: 79) , Chang e , Chang Mercata in Cerophytidae, and in other publication they wrote that it is questionable [Mercata was not included in the most recent revision of the fossil Cerophytidae [Mercata in Elateridae: Protagrypninae without any tribal assignment, and Yu et al. [Remarks. This genus was originally classified in Silphidae  but latetionable . Mercataphytidae . Ponomarphytidae  classifiu et al.  placed iOvivagina Zhang, 1997Genus Ovivagina Zhang, 1997: 71 [Ovivagina longa Zhang, 1997: 72 [1997: 71 . Gender:1997: 72 ; by origLiterature. Zhang (1997: 71) , Dolin &O. longa, were transferred to the genus Artematopodites Ponomarenko, 1990 [O. longa in Elateridae is also dubious [Remark. Zhang  describeko, 1990 , which hko, 1990 ,118,119. dubious ,79,115.Protocardiophorus Dolin, 1976Genus Protocardiophorus Dolin, 1976: 71 [Protocardiophorus ancestralis Dolin, 1976: 73 [1976: 71 . Gender:1976: 73 ; by origLiterature. Dolin (1976: 71) , Dolin  , Dolin  , ScudderRemark. This genus has never been classified to any existing elaterid subfamily and its position remains unclear.Sinoelaterium Ping, 1928Genus Sinoelaterium Ping, 1928: 22 [Sinoelaterium melanocolor Ping, 1928: 23 [1928: 22 . Gender:Literature. Ping 1928: 22) , Handlir , HandliSinoelaterium in Elateridae. Crowson [Sinoelaterium into Elateridae, although with some reservations [Remark. Ping  describe Crowson  and H\u00f6rn Crowson  hypothesrvations ,80,101.Tetraraphes Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961Genus Tetraraphes Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 95 [Tetraraphes ebersini Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1961: 96 [1961: 95 . Gender:1961: 96 ; by origLiterature. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1961: 95) , LarssonTetraraphes and its similarity in the shape of metacoxal plates to Desmatini but also listed characters in which these taxa differ.Remark. This genus was originally described in Elateridae without any subfamilial assignment, and this was followed by subsequent authors. Chang et al.  discusseTuronelater Alekseev, 2011Genus Turonelater Alekseev, 2011: 430 [Turonelater giganteus Alekseev, 2011: 430 [011: 430 . Gender:011: 430 ; by origLiterature. Alekseev (2011: 430) .incertae sedis by Alekseev [Remark: This genus was classified as Elateridae Alekseev .Babuskaya Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2009Genus Babuskaya Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2009: 368 [Babuskaya elaterata Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2009: 368 [009: 368 . Gender:009: 368 ; by origLiterature. Martins-Neto & Gallego (2009: 368) , MartinsBabuskaya Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2009 to Coleoptera incertae sedis.Remark. Martins-Neto & Gallego  placed tCardiosyne Martins-Neto & Gallego in Martins-Neto et al., 2006Genus Cardiosyne Martins-Neto & Gallego in Martins-Neto et al., 2006: 602 [Cardiosyne obesa Martins-Neto & Gallego in Martins-Neto et al., 2006: 602 [006: 602 . Gender:006: 602 ; by origLiterature. Martins-Neto et al. (2006: 602) , MartinsCardiosyne Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2006 to Coleoptera incertae sedis.Remark. Martins-Neto et al.  classifiFengningia Hong, 1984Genus Fengningia Hong, 1984: 167 [Fengningia punctata Hong, 1984: 167 [984: 167 . Gender:984: 167 ; by origLiterature. Hong (1984: 167) , Dong & Fengningia Hong, 1984 to Coleoptera incertae sedis.Remark. The habitus line-drawing of the holotype by Hong  shows noGemelina Martins-Neto & Gallego in Martins-Neto et al., 2006Genus Gemelina Martins-Neto & Gallego in Martins-Neto et al., 2006: 602 [Gemelina triangularis Martins-Neto & Gallego in Martins-Neto et al., 2006: 602 [006: 602 . Gender:006: 602 ; by origLiterature. Martins-Neto et al. (2006: 602) , MartinsGemelina Martins-Neto & Gallego, 2006 to Coleoptera incertae sedis.Remark. Martins-Neto et al.  placed tincertae sedis.Elateridae are among the most common beetle families in the fossil record ,54,128. Apistotes Handlirsch, 1906, Biadelater Handlirsch, 1906, Parabuprestium Handlirsch, 1906, Micrelaterium Handlirsch, 1906 and Paragrilium Handlirsch, 1906 from the Cretaceous of the United Kingdom, Anepismus Handlirsch, 1906, Mimelater Handlirsch, 1906 and Stenelytron Handlirsch, 1906 from the Triassic of the United Kingdom, Dysarestus Handlirsch, 1906, Glaphyropterites Handlirsch, 1906 and Megacentrus Heer, 1852 from the Jurassic of Switzerland, Enamma Handlirsch, 1906 from the Jurassic of Germany, Pseudoelateropsis Handlirsch, 1906  from the Triassic of Germany, Plastelater Handlirsch, 1906 from the Triassic of the United Kingdom and Jurassic of Russian Federation, and Keleusticus Handlirsch, 1906 from the Jurassic of Germany, Mongolia and Russian Federation, are currently classified in Coleoptera incertae sedis [Anchylocheira Giebel, 1856 was in fact a misspelling of Ancylochira Eschscholtz, 1829, which is currently in Buprestidae, and Hydriphilites Geinitz, 1884 was a misspelling of Hydrophilites Heer, 1865, which is classified in Coleoptera incertae sedis [Glaphyroptera Heer, 1852 from the Jurassic of Switzerland was moved to its own family Glaphyropteridae [Pseudothyrea Handlirsch, 1906 from the Jurassic of Germany was also placed in Buprestidae [Glaphyropterodes Handlirsch, 1906 from the Jurassic of Switzerland and Russian Federation was classified in Coleoptera incertae sedis [Malmelater Handlirsch, 1906 from the Jurassic of Germany, which was hypothesized by older authors to be the first fossil reliably placed in Elateridae [Mecynocanthus Hope, 1837 from the Holocene tropical fossil resin was synonymized with the extant genus Agrypnus Eschscholtz, 1829 [Handlirsch ,93 listeae sedis . Anchyloae sedis . Glaphyrpteridae  and latepteridae ,131. Pserestidae . Glaphyrae sedis ,133 and ae sedis . Malmelaateridae , was traateridae ,134. Thetz, 1829 .Tersus from the Jurassic of Kazakhstan, in Elateridae. Although Crowson [Idiomerus Dolin, 1980 from the Jurassic of Kazakhstan was originally described in Elateridae [Necromera Martynov, 1926 (Cerophytidae) by Chang et al. [Elaterina Gardiner, 1961 from the Jurassic of the United Kingdom was originally placed in Elateridae, but Whalley [E. liassica Gardiner, 1961 shows none of the diagnostic characters of Elateridae. Carpenter [incertae sedis. The position of Fengningia Hong, 1984 (Cretaceous of China) [incertae sedis. The genus Macronotus Hong & Wang, 1990 from the Cretaceous of China was originally placed in Buprestidae [Babuskaya, Cardiosyne and Gemelina [incertae sedis in this study. Additionally, Dong et al. [Mesagyrtes Ponomarenko, 1977 from the Jurassic of the Russian Federation, although with a question mark. Mesagyrtes Ponomarenko, 1977 was preoccupied by Mesagyrtes Broun, 1895, and therefore, the former name was replaced by Mesecanus Newton, 1982. This genus is currently classified in the staphylinoid family Agyrtidae as already proposed in the original publication [Pseudoelater Heer, 1847 [nomen nudum) according to the Code [Besides the problematic genera catalogued by Hyslop , there w Crowson  suggeste Crowson ,137,138.g et al. , which wg et al. ,113,114.f China)  in Elatef China) , and thirestidae  but Dongrestidae  suggesterestidae  and Kirerestidae  listed tGemelina ,124, werg et al.  listed ilication . Anotherthe Code , becauseincertae sedis. Almost half of genera are included in the only extinct subfamily, Protagrypninae, which consists of four tribes [Cryptagriotes Wickham, 1916, described based on the compression fossil from the Eocene of the United States, was hypothesized to be similar either to Cryptohypnus Eschscholtz, 1830  [Cryptocoelus, into this tribe, Chang et al. [Jantarokrama, was earlier listed in Omalisidae [The current composition of fossil Elateridae includes 74 extinct genera and three subgenera. Fifty-five genera are classified in eight subfamilies, and additional 19 ones have an uncertain position within Elateridae, and remain as r tribes ,19,26,28r tribes  were alrr tribes ,84. Regar tribes . Moreover tribes . It is er tribes . Maybe tr tribes . Elateriyn, 1829 ) (Dendroriotini) . Anotherriotini)  placed ag et al.  later reg et al. ,20,61 weg et al. ,74; two g et al. ,20. The alisidae ,77.Babuskaya, Cardiosyne, Gemelina , Mimelater, Plastelater, Stenelytron , and Pseudoelateropsis  cannot be classified in Elateridae with certainty, and so they are currently considered Coleoptera incertae sedis [Elaterium bipunctatum Dunstan, 1923 and all three species of Elateridium from the Triassic of Australia , and Elaterophanes acutus Cockerell, 1915 from the Triassic of the United Kingdom  [Elaterophanes vetustus  from the Rhaetian Lilstock Formation in England (208.5\u2013201.3 Ma) [Elaterium and Elateridium cannot be reliably placed in any of the elaterid subfamilies, Elaterophanes has been classified in Protagrypninae [Alaodima, which is assigned to Dimini, but there is an ongoing debate if this group belongs to Dendrometrinae or forms a separate subfamily [incertae sedis in Elateridae should be carefully investigated in order to improve our knowledge on the palaeodiversity of the internal lineages in Elateridae, including Elaterinae and Dendrometrinae.The exact age of origin for Elateridae remains unclear, but there are many indications that they were already present in the Triassic Period ,14,15. Uae sedis . The Tri~205 Ma) ,96,100. 01.3 Ma) ,35,85. Wrypninae ,22,79,91rypninae ,20. The rypninae ,28,89,95rypninae ,33,142. ubfamily ,72. The ubfamily . This siubfamily , which aubfamily ,27,128. incertae sedis taxa, which include mainly lineages from the early evolution of Elateridae in the Mesozoic Era. Additionally, the so-far unnamed click-beetle fossils reported from various deposits [The systematics and classification of fossil Elateridae is in a state of flux. Recent increase in publications focusing on the extinct click-beetles brought many new discoveries ,28,77,79deposits ,55,128 sdeposits ,55,128. deposits , and thi"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Xuanxuan Cheng. The correct citation is: Chen W, Peng X, Yu J, Cheng X, Yuan M, et al. (2020) FengLiao affects gut microbiota and the expression levels of Na+/H+ exchangers, aquaporins and acute phase proteins in mice with castor oil-induced diarrhea. PLOS ONE 15(7): e0236511."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Med Educ 20, 436 (2020)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02365-1Following publication of the original article , we haveThe correct affiliation is:Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, ChinaThe original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Correction to: J Exp Clin Cancer Res 39, 201 (2020)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-020-01670-3Following publication of the original article , the autThe complete author affiliation is: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People\u2019s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China.The original article has been updated."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Paul Fimognari. The correct citation is: Ghazi IM, El Nekidy WS, Asay R, Fimognari P, Knarr A, Awad M (2020) Simultaneous administration of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam with selected intravenous antimicrobials, a stewardship approach. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0233335."}
{"text": "Correction to: Chin Neurosurg J 6, 19 (2020)https://doi.org/10.1186/s41016-020-00194-1Following publication of the original article , the autThe correct affiliation is: Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Juha Hernesniemi International Center for Neurosurgery, University of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Neema Jamshidi. The correct citation is: Jamshidi N, Chang J, Mock K, Nguyen B, Dauphine C, Kuo MD (2020) Evaluation of the predictive ability of ultrasound-based assessment of breast cancer using BI-RADS natural language reporting against commercial transcriptome-based tests. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0226634."}
{"text": "The correct name is: David E. Meltzer. The correct citation is: Huebner M, Meltzer DE, Ma W, Arrow H (2020) The Masters athlete in Olympic weightlifting: Training, lifestyle, health challenges, and gender differences. PLoS ONE 15(12): e0243652."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Damian C. Adams. The correct citation is: Stainback GA, Lai JH, Pienaar EF, Adams DC, Wiederholt R, Vorseth C (2020) Public preferences for ecological indicators used in Everglades restoration. PLoS ONE 15(6): e0234051."}
{"text": "Impact of fast track on adult cardiac surgery: clinical and hospital outcomes, with DOI number: 10.5935/0103-507X.20190059, published in the journal Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva, 31(3):361-7, on page 361:In the article Where it read:Maria Karoline RitchrmocRead:Maria Karoline Richtrmoc"}
{"text": "Social engagement reflects habitual social roles in aging adults and may protect against dementia. Cross-sectional associations of social engagement (SE) index with gray matter (GM) microstructure was studied in regions of interest relevant to social cognition among community-dwelling older adults  using linear regression models. Greater SE was significantly related to lower mean diffusivity (MD)  [shown as standardized estimate ] in: left middle frontal gyrus-orbital part: -0.168 (0.005), left caudate nucleus: -0.141 (0.02), left temporal pole-middle temporal gyrus: -0.136 (0.03), right middle frontal gyrus: -0.160 (0.006), right superior frontal gyrus-orbital part: -0.187 (0.002), right middle frontal gyrus, orbital part: -0.124 (0.04), adjusted for demographic attributes. Associations were robust to adjustment for hearing or ADL difficulty. Findings were generally stronger in females than in males. Social engagement may prevent GM integrity loss and build brain reserve in dementia-related regions. Part of a symposium sponsored by Brain Interest Group."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Wataru Kikushima. The correct citation is: Kikushima W, Sugiyama A, Yoneyama S, Matsubara M, Fukuda Y, Parikh R, et al. (2020) Five-year outcomes of photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab or aflibercept for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0229231."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Thilini Sudeshika. The correct citation is: Fernando BNTW, Sudeshika T, Hettiarachchi TW, Badurdeen Z, Abeysekara TDJ, Abeysundara HTK, et al. (2020) Evaluation of biochemical profile of Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain etiology in Sri Lanka. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0232522."}
{"text": "The correct In the above-named article by Cox DJ, Banton T, Moncrief M, Conaway M, Diamond A, and McCall A ; doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa118Doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Diana Grigor. The correct citation is: Micu IC, Bolboac\u0103 SD, Caracostea GV, Grigor D, Ciurea A, et al. (2020) Self-reported and clinical periodontal conditions in a group of Eastern European postpartum women. PLOS ONE 15(8): e0237510."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Veronica Millicent Dzomeku. The correct citation is: Dzomeku VM, Mensah BAB, Nakua EK, Agbadi P, Lori JR, Donkor P (2020) Exploring midwives\u2019 understanding of respectful maternal care in Kumasi, Ghana: Qualitative inquiry. PLoS ONE 15(7): e0220538."}
{"text": "After the publication of this article  the auth79Bariami V, Jones CM, Poupardin R, Vontas J, Ranson H. Gene amplification, ABC transporters and cytochrome P450s: unraveling the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6: e1692. pmid:2272010880Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Suarez AF, Salas IF, Strode C, Ranson H, Hemingway J, et al. Transcription of detoxification genes after permethrin selection in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol. 2012;21: 61\u201377. pmid:2203270281David J-P, Faucon F, Chandor-Proust A, Poupardin R, Riaz MA, Bonin A, et al. Comparative analysis of response to selection with three insecticides in the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti using mRNA sequencing. BMC Genomics. 2014;15: 174. pmid:2459329382Strode C, de Melo-Santos M, Magalhaes T, Araujo A, Ayres C. Expression profile of genes during resistance reversal in a temephos selected strain of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. PloS One. 2012;7: e39439. pmid: 22870187"}
{"text": "Article title: Tick-borne encephalitis foci in northeast Italy revealed by combined virus detection in ticks, serosurvey on goats and human casesAuthors: Alfano, N., Tagliapietra, V., Rosso, F., Ziegler U., Arnoldi D., & Rizzoli, A.Journal:Emerging Microbes & InfectionsBibliometrics: Volume 9, Number 1, pages 474\u2013484DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1730246When the article was first published online, there were mistakes in Figures 2 and 3 and their text citations. These have now been corrected in online version."}
{"text": "Correction to: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 15, 19 (2020)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-019-1496-zFollowing publication of the original article , we haveCorrect:[25]. Akg\u00fcl, T., et al., Double intertrochanteric osteotomy for trochanteric overgrowth and a short femoral neck in adolescents. Journal of orthopaedic surgery (Hong Kong), 2016. 24(3): p. 387\u2013391.[26]. Boese, C.K., et al., The Modified Femoral Neck-Shaft Angle: Age- and Sex-Dependent Reference Values and Reliability Analysis. BioMed Research International, 2016. 2016: p. 1\u20137.[27]. Genest, F. and L. Seefried, Subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures in hypophosphatasia\u2014not atypical at all. Osteoporosis International, 2018. 29(8): p. 1815\u20131825.[28]. Jiang, N., et al., Femoral Version, Neck-Shaft Angle, and Acetabular Anteversion in Chinese Han Population. Medicine, 2015. 94(21): p. e891.[29]. Emrah Kovalaka, C.E.T.A., Management of unstable pertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral locking compression plates and affect of neck-shaft angle on functional outcomes. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017(421): p. 1\u20136."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Geriatrics (2020) 20:51https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-1442-2Following publication of the original article , we haveCurrently author\u2019s first and last names are: Simon J. Bell.It should, however, be: J. Simon Bell"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Mayfong Mayxay. The correct citation is: Wootton CI, Soukavong M, Kidoikhammouan S, Samountry B, English JSC, Mayxay M (2020) Patch testing in Lao medical students. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0217192."}
{"text": "Theosbaena. Theosbaena is the only genus reported from freshwater in the Oriental Region. Previously, there were only two known species, Theosbaenacambodjiana Cals & Boutin, 1985 from Kampot Province, southern Cambodia and Khon Kaen, Thailand and T.kiatwongchai Rogers & Sanoamuang, 2016 discovered in a cave of Takhli District, Nakhon Sawan, central Thailand. Our new species is the third species recorded in the Oriental Region.Thermosbaenaceans are subterranean crustaceans, widespread and occur in freshwater, oligohaline or anchialine caves or thermal springs. Currently, four families, seven genera,and 45 species are recognised worldwide. During our studies of the isolated karst, Tham Loko (Loko Cave) in Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province, we found an undescribed thermosbanacean species in the genus Theosbaenaloko sp. n. differs from its congeners by having a telson 1.8x longer than its breadth, maxilla 1 palp distal segment 4x longer than the proximal palpomere and the maxillopodal exopod twice as long as its basal width. This microshrimp is the third described species of the genus. A key to the species is given and suggestions for the conservation status of the new species are discussed. Halosbaena (five species), Limnosbaena (two species), Monodella (one species), Tethysbaena (31 species), Theosbaena (two species), Thermosbaena (one species) and Tulumella (three species) , roughly cylindrical body, short carapace, biramous pereopods, blindness, lack of pigment and the female broods her eggs . Thermosspecies) .Theosbaena has been recorded in freshwater , Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province Fig. . This kaAbbreviations used in the description are:A- antenna; GN- gnathopod; MX- maxilla; MP- maxilliped, P- pereopod; PL- pleopod; T- telson and UR- uropodRepositoryNHM-PSU = Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.91813815-9781-553C-9F6D-94A6C2FAB706144D7969-87BD-46A3-B3FF-A212230EB451Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: PSUZC-PK6001-01-03; recordedBy: Koraon Wongkamhaeng; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: Specimen was examined and dissected in 70% ethanol. All appendages were embedded in glycerine medium and mounted on a series of glass slides.; Taxon: scientificName: Theosbaenaloko; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Thermosbaenacea; family: Halosbaenidae; genus: Theosbaena; specificEpithet: loko; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Phatthalung; county: Thailand; locality: isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province; verbatimElevation: 17 meters above sea level; locationRemarks: 25 Oct. 2017, dark zone of cave, by hand, leg. R. Promdam (sample # THA_SJ_PLG05); verbatimCoordinates: 7 26'53.2\"N 100 07'30.5\"E; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Koraon Wongkamhaeng; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 25/10/2017; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Crustaceans; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: PSUZC-PK6001-04; recordedBy: Koraon Wongkamhaeng; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: Preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Theosbaenaloko; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Thermosbaenacea; family: Halosbaenidae; genus: Theosbaena; specificEpithet: loko; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Phatthalung; county: Thailand; locality: isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province; verbatimElevation: 17 meters above sea level; locationRemarks: 25 Oct. 2017, dark zone of cave, by hand, leg. R. Promdam (sample # THA_SJ_PLG05); verbatimCoordinates: 7 26'53.2\"N 100 07'30.5\"E; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Koraon Wongkamhaeng; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 25/10/2017; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Crustaceans; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Koraon Wongkamhaeng; individualCount: 6; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; preparations: Preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Theosbaenaloko; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Thermosbaenacea; family: Halosbaenidae; genus: Theosbaena; specificEpithet: loko; Location: country: Thailand; stateProvince: Phatthalung; county: Thailand; locality: isolated limestone of Tham Loko (Loko Cave), Khao Chiason District, Phatthalung Province; verbatimElevation: 17 meters above sea level; locationRemarks: 25 Oct. 2017, dark zone of cave, by hand, leg. R. Promdam (sample # THA_SJ_PLG05); verbatimCoordinates: 7 26'53.2\"N 100 07'30.5\"E; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Koraon Wongkamhaeng; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 25/10/2017; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Crustaceans; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenMale. Body length 2.46 mm from head anterior margin to telson distal margin. Carapace reaching up to fourth pedigerous somite. Ocular scales present, broadly rounded, with longest dimension in medial third. Ocular scale 1.3x as long as broad, overlapping base of antenna I. Carapace extending to pereonite 2.Antenna 1 Fig.  1.2x bodAntenna 2 ; pereopod 1-4 exopod contains more than 2 segments (vs. 2 segments); ocular scale evenly arcuate and rounded (vs. transverse); and uropod endopod lateral edge is margined with a row of scaliform macrosetae . Diagnostic morphological characters and their variation for each population/species are given in Table Theosbaena is provided.Theosbaenaloko sp. n. is only known from the freshwater pool in the dark zone of Loko Cave, Khao Chaison District, Phatthalung Province. The Cave is 352 metres long. The Cave contains three pools, with T.loko sp. n. found in all three pools, although two of the pools dry out during the dry season.0C); conductivity (217\u2013282 \u00b5S); total dissolved solids (146\u2013182 ppm); salinity (108\u2013137 ppm); dissolved oxygen (6.0\u20138.2 mgO2/l); pH (7.98\u20138.22); turbidity (8\u201312 FAU); water hardness (99\u2013150 mg/l CaCO3); and CaCO3 (70.20\u201385.40 mg/l). The new species co-occurs with stygobiotic isopod Stenasellus sp., three species of Rotifer: Lecanebulla ; Lecanehamata ; Lecanequadridentate , a species of Daphniidae  and undetermined Cyclopidae. Moreover, two fish species were observed: Barbodesbinotatus  and Rasborapaviana Tirant, 1885. These fish may be potential predators of this microshrimp. The co-occurrence of stygobiotic fauna in the same area is not exceptional and T.cambodjiana was also reported to live in the same pool with the isopod Stenaselluscambodianus Boutin & Magniez, 1985. Additionally, T.cambodjiana in Khon Kaen, Thailand occurs with five other stygobiotic species in the same pond, i.e. Dugesiadeharvengi Kawakatsu & Mitchell, 1989, Heterochaetellaglandularis , Aequigidiellaaquilifera Botosaneanu & Stock, 1989, Stenasellusrigali Magniez, 1991 and Siamoporusdeharvengi Spangler, 1996 (T.kiatwongchai. The authors attempted to access the habitat of T.kiatwongchai in August 2020, but unfortunately, the cave access was dangerous and the Forest Park staff claimed that the air was unsuitable, meaning that it was impossible to undertake a fauna and habitat evaluation of the cave.The new species was found swimming and walking on the clay substrate of the pool in the dark zone of the Cave. The physical factors in the pool were as follows: Temperature (25.1\u201325.7er, 1996 . UnfortuT.loko sp. n. as an endangered species according to the Hipposiderospendleburyi Chasen, 1936, which has been assessed as a vulnerable species by the IUCN. Hence, the description of this new species not only emphasises the high level of endemism in this cave, but also has implications for environmental awareness, developing policy for cave conservation strategies, together with promoting ecotourism in the areas.The researchers herein propose"}
{"text": "Hypomyces is a large genus of fungicolous fungi, parasitising the fruiting bodies of Agaricales, Boletales, Helotiales, Pezizales and Polyporales. Hypomyces currently comprises of 147 species widely distributed in Australia, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, North America, Sri Lanka, Thailand and UK. Amongst them, 28 species have been recorded in China.Hypomycespseudolactifluorum sp. nov., growing on the fruiting bodies of Russula sp. in subsect. Lactarioideae and collected from Yunnan, China, is described with illustrations and molecular phylogenetic data . The new species is characterised by semi-immersed to immersed perithecia and fusiform, apiculate and verrucose ascospores. We also review the species diversity of the genus Hypomyces in China. Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. is an important genus of fungicolous fungi and placed in the family Hypocreaceae   Tul. & C. Tul. from the USA as its type. Hypomyces parasitises the fruiting bodies of Agaricales, Boletales, Helotiales, Pezizales and Polyporales  and is widely distributed in Australia, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, North America, Sri Lanka, Thailand and UK  . Hypomyccrea Fr.  and thenyporales . Hypomyccospores . Its allma Wallr  and its ium-like . Hypomycd and UK . AmongstHypomycespseudolactifluorum sp. nov., on the fruiting bodies of Russula sp., collected from Yunnan Province, China. At the same time, we review the species diversity of the genus Hypomyces in China.Fungicolous fungi play important roles in the processes of the growths and degradations of their hosts. With the rapid development of mushroom industries, the fungicolous fungi on mushrooms have received more and more attention . In thisCollections and MorphologyHypomyces specimens, including their host mushrooms, were collected in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan Province, China. The specimens, as well as collected host mushrooms, were placed on a piece of aluminium foil at first, then rolled the paper into a cylinder, twisted at the ends for sealing and lastly taken back to the laboratory for study  Co. Ltd., PR China; partial impure products were purified using the Cycle-pure-kit  and then cloned into pClone007 Simple vector (TSV-007S from Beijing TsingKe Biotech). Twenty clones of PCR products of each gene were sequenced using the universal primer pairs M13-47/M13-48.PCR was performed in a 25 \u03bcl reaction volume: 12.5 \u03bcl Taq PCR Master Mix , 1 \u03bcl forward primer, 1 \u03bcl reverse primer, 1 \u03bcl DNA template and 9.5 \u03bcl ddHSequence alignment and phylogenetic analysesThe parasitic fungus: Hypomycespseudolactifluorumsp. nov.H.pseudolactifluorum sp. nov. and the voucher sequences of their allies obtained from NCBI GenBank  and T.viride (CBS 119325) were used as outgroup taxa. All sequences were assembled and aligned using MAFFT v6.8  (TEF1-\u03b1 and the model SYM+I+G (-lnL = 6419.6669) for RPB2, respectively. Using the aligned sequence matrices, a combined gene sequence dataset  was assembled and aligned and was finally deposited in TreeBASE database (http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S26593?x-access-code=152eadfc2292343af7627cfad5c2946c&format=html).Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using our sequencing results of nk Table . Two speFFT v6.8  and manuFFT v6.8 . Four seon (AIC) . The reshttp://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree).Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis was performed using IQ-Tree  with theRussula sp.The host mushroom: Russulasubg.Compactae, acrifolia, RR. . adusta, R. eccentrica, R. nigricans and R.subnigricans were selected as the outgroup taxa. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses followed those of the parasitic fungus above. ML analysis was performed using IQ-Tree with TVM+I+G model (-lnL = 5298.7964) (http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S26693?x-access-code=2e445b17aebe1f93266051a8920ae62f&format=html).Voucher sequences (ITS gene) for phylogenetic analyses of the host mushroom and its allies were obtained from our sequencing results and GenBank databases  Table 33. Five s98.7964) . The ITSF. M. Yu, Q. Zhao & K. D. Hydesp. nov.1119A7CE-9897-55CC-94D7-5CF3C180F567Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MFLU 20-0265; recordedBy: Jian-Wei Liu; lifeStage: Telemorph; Taxon: scientificName: Hypomycespseudolactifluorum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; locality: Baoshan, Longyang, Baihualing; verbatimElevation: 2094m; locationRemarks: Russula sp., 20 July 2018, Jian-Wei Liu; label transliteration: \"Yunnan, Baoshan, Longyang, Baihualing, on ; verbatimCoordinates: 25\u00b017.931\u2019N, 98\u00b047.0718\u2019E; decimalLatitude: 25.2989; decimalLongitude: 98.7845; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Feng-Ming Yu; dateIdentified: 2019Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MFLU 20-0266; recordedBy: Jian-Wei Liu; lifeStage: Telemorph; Taxon: scientificName: Hypomycespseudolactifluorum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; locality: Baoshan, Longyang, Baihualing; verbatimElevation: 2094m; locationRemarks: Russula sp., 20 July 2018, Jian-Wei Liu; label transliteration: \"Yunnan, Baoshan, Longyang, Baihualing, on ; verbatimCoordinates: 25\u00b017.931\u2019N, 98\u00b047.0718\u2019E; decimalLatitude: 25.2989; decimalLongitude: 98.7845; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Feng-Ming Yu; dateIdentified: 2019Type status:Isotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: HKAS 107300; recordedBy: Jian-Wei Liu; lifeStage: Telemorph; Taxon: scientificName: Hypomycespseudolactifluorum; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; locality: Baoshan, Longyang, Baihualing; verbatimElevation: 2094m; locationRemarks: Russula sp., 20 July 2018, Jian-Wei Liu; label transliteration: \"Yunnan, Baoshan, Longyang, Baihualing, on ; verbatimCoordinates: 25\u00b017.931\u2019N, 98\u00b047.0718\u2019E; decimalLatitude: 25.2989; decimalLongitude: 98.7845; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Feng-Ming Yu; dateIdentified: 2019IF557817Index Fungorum number: Sexual morph. Subiculum light yellow (4A4\u20135) when fresh and pale orange, light orange to brownish-orange  after being dried, usually covering the pileus, stipe and deformed gills of the host mushroom. Perithecia aggregated, semi-immersed to immersed in subiculum, except for their erumpent papilla, yellowish-brown to dark brown , pyriform to subglobose, 262\u2013484 \u00d7 136\u2013284 \u03bcm; perithecial wall 12\u201325 \u03bcm thick, single-layer, cells 9\u201322 \u00d7 4\u20138 \u03bcm. Papilla prominent, 129\u2013177 \u03bcm high, at base 135\u2013284 \u03bcm wide. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, 147\u2013222 \u00d7 4\u20139 \u03bcm; apex thickened, 4.9\u20136.0 wide and 2.5-3.0 \u03bcm high. Ascospores uniseriate and with ends overlapping, fusiform, 30\u201338 \u00d7 6\u20138 \u03bcm, single-septate, septum median and with dense verrucae and prominently apiculate, apiculi 4.5\u20138.0 \u03bcm long, straight or curved. Asexual morph: unknown. .Russula sp. that grew on the humus layer in an evergreen broad-leaved forest of a rainforest. The host mushrooms: basidiocarps medium-sized and infundibuliform, pilei 63\u221277 mm in diameter. As serious degradation has occurred, the colour and other characters of the host mushrooms cannot be determined. Molecular phylogenetic evidence indicates it is a Russula species.On the fruiting bodies of Russula sp.) of the new species.Only sexual morph had been discovered on the hosts (Parasitic fungus: Hypomycespseudolactifluorumsp. novTEF1-\u03b1+RPB2 sequence dataset (excluding the outgroup taxa) contains 3,262 characters  from 56 Hypomyces species and two Trichoderma species. Amongst them, 2,246 characters are constant, 209 variable characters are parsimony-uninformative and 807 characters are parsimony-informative. The ML and BI analyses resulted in trees with similar topology and support values and the ML tree is shown in Fig. The combined ITS+LSU+H.lactifluorum and they form a sister clade also with strong supportive values . Comparing the gene sequences of the two species, there are 25 bp (4.3%) differences across 582 bp in ITS, 28 bp (3.2%) differences across 870 bp in LSU, 24 bp (2.6%) differences across 921 bp in TEF1-\u03b1 and 24 bp (3.2%) differences across 739 bp in RPB2 , which support them to be conspecific. The parasitic fungi are closely related Russula sp.The host mushroom: Russulaleucocarpa (HGAS-MF 009910 and HGAS-MF 009916) (MLBP = 100%) in subsect. Lactarioideae. However, their ITS sequences have 24 bp (3.5%) differences across 694 bp, which indicated they may be two distinct species. Due to lack of sufficient morphological evidence, the host mushroom was temporarily identified as Russula sp.  is clustered together with ve 24 bp .5% diffeH.amaniticola on Amanita sp. and H.completiopsis and H.yunnanensis on Boletus sp., also from China. Though with similar colour and shapes of perithecia, the host of H.pseudolactifluorum sp. nov. is decidedly different from those of these three species. Furthermore, H.pseudolactifluorum sp. nov. (KOH-) has smaller perithecia and larger ascospores than those of H.completiopsis (KOH+) and H.pseudolactifluorum sp. nov. has larger perithecia, asci and ascospores than those of H.amaniticola (KOH+) and H.yunnanensis (KOH-). Unfortunately, these three species all lack molecular data.Hypomyces is an important group of mushroom pathogens. Many Hypomyces species, for example, H.aurantius, H.perniciosus, H.rosellus, H.odoratus etc., have all been recorded as the causes of Cobweb or Web bubble disease which seriously influence mushroom industries  on Russula sp. from Yunnan, PR ChinaData typewordBrief descriptionTEF1-\u03b1 and RPB2 genes between H.lactifluorum (TAAM 170476) and H.pseudolactifluorum sp. nov.. The locus\u2019 numbers refer to the nucleotide positions of the gene sequences of H.lactifluorum from GenBank. Gap is replaced by \u2018-\u2019.Sequence differences of ITS, LSU, File: oo_438866.docxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/438866FENG-MING YU, RUVISHIKA S. JAYAWARDENA, JIAN-WEI LIU, KEVIN D. HYDE, QI ZHAO"}
{"text": "It is with a great pleasure to announce the top three most-cited AVD articles on Web of Science.Special ArticleAn Update on Methods for Revascularization and Expansion of the TASC Lesion Classification to Include Below-the-Knee Arteries: A Supplement to the Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II)The TASC Steering CommitteeMichael R. Jaff, Christopher J. White, William R. Hiatt, Gerry R. Fowkes, John Dormandy, Mahmood Razavi, Jim Reekers, and Lars NorgrenCitation: 61Published: 2015 (Vol. 8 No. 4: 343-357)Review ArticleVisceral Artery Aneurysms and Pseudoaneurysms? Should They All be Managed by Endovascular Techniques?Alfredo C. Cordova and Bauer E. SumpioCitation: 51Published: 2013 (Vol. 6 No. 4: 687-693)Review ArticleCompression Therapy: Clinical and Experimental EvidenceHugo PartschCitation: 50Published: 2012 (Vol. 5 No. 4: 416-422)"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Cees Vermeer. The correct citation is: Jeannin A-C, Salem J-E, Massy Z, Aubert CE, Vermeer C, Amouyal C, et al. (2020) Inactive matrix gla protein plasma levels are associated with peripheral neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0229145."}
{"text": "Correction to: Microbiome 9, 13 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-020-00956-0Following publication of the original article , it has Reference 5 is currently captured as:Fischer MG, C a S. A virophage at the origin of large DNA transposons. Science. 2011;332:231\u20134.Reference 5 should be captured as:Fischer MG, Suttle CA. A virophage at the origin of large DNA transposons. Science. 2011;332:231\u20134.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 20, 660 (2020)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03351-7Following publication of the original article , the autIncorrect: \u201cDepartment of medical administration, Beijing University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.\u201dCorrect: \u201cPeking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.\u201dThe original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct name is: Cees Vermeer. The correct citation is: Jeannin A-C, Salem J-E, Massy Z, Aubert CE, Vermeer C, Amouyal C, et al. (2020) Correction: Inactive matrix gla protein plasma levels are associated with peripheral neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0232996."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Sasmita Kusumastuti. The correct citation is: Vigliotti V, Taggart T, Walker M, Kusumastuti S, Ransome Y (2020) Religion, faith, and spirituality influences on HIV prevention activities: A scoping review. PLoS ONE 15(6): e0234720."}
{"text": "Personalised surveillance for serrated polyposis syndrome: results from a prospective 5-year international cohort study. Gut 2020;69:112\u201321. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318134Bleijenberg AG, IJspeert JE, van Herwaarden YJ, The author name Iris D Nagetaal should be Iris D Nagtegaal."}
{"text": "The correct reference is: Ingoglia F, Visigalli R, Rotoli BM, Barilli A, Riccardi B, Puccini P, et al. (2016) Functional activity of L-carnitine transporters in human airway epithelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1858(2):210\u20139."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Yurie Yamamoto. The correct citation is: Togano S, Yashiro M, Miki Y, Yamamoto Y, Sera T, Kushitani Y, et al. (2020) Microscopic distance from tumor invasion front to serosa might be a useful predictive factor for peritoneal recurrence after curative resection of T3-gastric cancer. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0225958."}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct citation is: Hall WA, Straza MW, Chen X, Mickevicius N, Erickson B, Schultz C, et al. (2020) Initial clinical experience of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for liver metastases, primary liver malignancy, and pancreatic cancer with 4D-MRI based online adaptation and real-time MRI monitoring using a 1.5 Tesla MR-Linac. PLoS ONE 15(8): e0236570."}
{"text": "Assessment of staffing needs for physicians and nurses at Upazila health complexes in Bangladesh using WHO workload indicators of staffing need (WISN) method. BMJ Open 2020;10:e035183. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035183Joarder T, Tune SNBK, Nuruzzaman M, This article was previously published with an error.J Adv Nurs 2017;73:1838\u201347.Reference 29 is corrected as: Park CS-Y. Optimizing staffing, quality, and cost in home healthcare nursing: theory synthesis."}
{"text": "Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in unconscious and systemically unwell patients using a mobile OCT device: a pilot study. BMJ Open 2019;9:e030882. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030882Liu X, Kale AU, Capewell N, This article was previously published with wrong licence. The correct licence for the paper is CC-BY."}
{"text": "Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis growth, adhesion and biofilm development\u201d\u201cCulture media profoundly affect , DOI number: 10.1590/0074-02760160294, published in Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 111(11): 697-702, 2016:In the article On page 701,"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Birgitt Sch\u00fcle. The correct citation is: Hashem V, Tiwari A, Bewick B, Teive HAG, Moscovich M, Sch\u00fcle B, et al. (2020) Pulse-Field capillary electrophoresis of repeat-primed PCR amplicons for analysis of large repeats in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 10. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0228789."}
{"text": "The correct title is: The dual-target approach in HIV-1 viremia testing: An added value to virological monitoring? The correct citation is: Amendola A, Sberna G, Forbici F, Abbate I, Lorenzini P, Pinnetti C, et al. (2020) The dual-target approach in HIV-1 viremia testing: An added value to virological monitoring? PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228192."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Elizabeth C. Nelson. The correct citation is: Pitchforth J, Nelson EC, van den Helder M, Oosting W (2020) The work environment pilot: An experiment to determine the optimal office design for a technology company. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0232943. The ORCID iD is missing for the second author. Please see the author\u2019s ORCID iD here:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-1015).Author Elizabeth C. Nelson\u2019s ORCID iD is: 0000-0001-7422-1015 ("}
{"text": "Diduga Moore, [1887] from China (Chongqing and Guangdong) and Malaysia  are described as new to science, namely D.simianshanasp. nov., D.chebalingasp. nov., D.chewisp. nov., and D.hollowayisp. nov. Adults of these species are illustrated in color, and images of the male and female genitalia are provided. A distribution map of the new species is provided, together with an updated checklist of all species of Diduga.In this paper, four species of the genus  Diduga belongs to the tribe Lithosiini in the subfamily Arctiinae, and was established by Moore , based on the type species Didugacostata Moore, [1887] from Dickoya, Sri Lanka. Before the establishment of the genus Diduga, Pitaneflavicostata. Between 1891 and 1918, Diduga and described eleven new species from the Oriental and Australian regions. After that, D.haematomiformis Eecke, 1920 was described from Indonesia.The genus D.flavicostata from China. Lithosiini and recorded five species of Diduga, including three news ones, namely D.barlowi, D.ciliata, and D.dorsolobata. More recently, Subsequently, the study of the genus entered a stage of stagnation until the turn of the new century. The specimens were collected using a 220V/450W mercury light and a DC black light in Chongqing Municipality (Mt. Simian), Guangdong Province , China, and the Borneo Jungle Girl Camp, Malaysia. Standard methods for dissection and preparation of genitalia slides were followed Abbreviations used:NEFU Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, ChinaTL Type localityTS Type speciesArctiinae Leach, [1815Subfamily ]Taxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraArctiidaeGenusMoore, [1887]88E827B2-9163-5805-B765-934B6B4CA66FDidugaLepidoptera of Ceylon 3 (4): 535. TS: Didugacostata Moore, [1887]. TL: Ceylon, [= Sri Lanka], Dickoya. Moore, [1887]. The Androstigma Hampson, 1893. Illustrations of typical specimens of LepidopteraHeterocera in the collection of the British Museum 9: 13, 82. TS: Didugaalbicosta Hampson, 1891. TL: India, Nilgiri Plateau.  = Diduga are small in size. The proboscis is fully developed, the labial palpus is slender, directed upwards over the top of the head; the male antennae vary from ciliated to bipectinated. The tibial spurs are long.Species of th tergite is narrowed, with long and slender apodemes : the ground color of the forewing is darker; an approximate right-angled bulge at tornal area (with arched bulge); the ground color of the hindwing is darker, in the male genitalia, the two basal projections of valva are longer than tegumen (shorter); the left cucullus bears two small spines (only a single long spine); the right cucullus and costal process are fused (separated); the cornutus is long and straight (short and arched).The new species is externally similar to 019 Figs , 15. It Adult:  Fig. .Engelhardiaroxburghiana Wall.,1831 and Cunninghamialanceolata (Lambert) Hooker, 1827.The species was collected by light trap close to an evergreen broadleaf forest. The main tree species in the collecting biotope are Taxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraArctiidae158AEAA3-F102-5B73-B9CD-32C7CC7F3F19http://zoobank.org/43F89C07-B094-454F-946B-85BAF7C9DA71Holotype: China: \u2642, Prov. Guangdong, Shaoguan, Chebaling National Nature Reserve; 24.731\u00b0N, 114.267\u00b0E, elevation 463 m; 29.IV\u20133.V.2019; leg. H. L. Han & J. Wu; genit. prep. no. ztt-078-1; in NEFU. Paratype: 1\u2640; same data as holotype; genit. prep. no. ztt-077-2; in NEFU.D.quinquicornuta Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2019 : the wingspan is broader; the tegumen is thin (thick); the right costal process is long, wide, flat, and rounded distally ; the cucullus is sclerotized, thick, spoon-shaped, with a short horn distally ; the uncus is slightly swollen medially, not bending ventrally ; in the female genitalia, the ostium bursae is strongly sclerotized, wrinkled, and bending to the left ; the ductus bursae is curved, gradually broadening from anterior to posterior ; the corpus is divided into two parts, a posterior part membranous, and the anterior one globular, densely covered small flecks .The new species is externally similar to 019 Figs , 17, 24.Adult:  Fig. .Cunninghamialanceolata (Lambert) Hooker, 1827.The species was collected using a light trap close to a typical evergreen broadleaf forest of the mid-subtropics near the Zhangdong River. The main tree species in the collecting biotope is Taxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraArctiidaeA3EDA98A-BDE2-5A94-8C95-75CA6952B3EAhttp://zoobank.org/74D5E4AE-3010-48D8-B167-FC83D367107Holotype: Malaysia: \u2642, Sabah, Borneo Jungle Girl Camp; 5.442\u00b0N, 116.451\u00b0E, elevation 1223 m; 15\u201320.II.2019; leg. H. L. Han; genit. prep. no. ztt-110-1; in NEFU. Paratypes: 1\u2642, 2\u2640\u2640; same data as holotype; genit. prep. nos. ztt-100-1, ztt-102-2, ztt-040-2; in NEFU.D.trichophora Hampson, 1900 : the forewing is broader (narrow); the male hindwing is dark grey, broad fan-shaped ; in the male genitalia, the valva termination bifurcated distally ; the coecum is typical (bifurcated); the vesica has long, narrow band of flecks (without).The wing pattern of the new species is similar to that of Male genitalia  Fig. .Podocarpaceae and Myrtaceae are richest families in the collecting biotope, and mosses such as Himantocladiumplumula (Nees) Fleisch., 1908, Hypopterygiumtamarisci Bridel ex C.M\u00fcller, 1850, Fissidenswichurae Broth. & Fleisch., 1899 are also abundant.The species was collected in a tropical rain forest area. Taxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraArctiidae53E528A4-B185-5DC3-BD6C-D7EAAA496028http://zoobank.org/82C24CC3-2001-4479-B813-E3997A45C615Holotype: Malaysia: \u2642, Sabah, Borneo Jungle Girl Camp; 5.442\u00b0N, 116.451\u00b0E, elevation 1123 m; 15\u201320.II.2019; leg. H. L. Han; genit. prep. no. ztt-033-1; in NEFU. Paratypes: 1\u2642; same locality as holotype; 24.IV\u20132.V.2016; leg. H. L. Han; genit. prep. no. ztt-085-1; 7\u2640\u2640; same data as holotype; leg. H. L. Han; genit. prep. nos. ztt-034-2, ztt-083-2, ztt-096-2, ztt-097-2, ztt-099-2, ztt-103-2, ztt-104-2; in NEFU.D.kohkongensis Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2018 : the ground color of forewing is darker; the male antenna is bipectinate (ciliate); the inner edge of costal band approximately straight (undulate); the terminal line distinct, formed by brown dots (yellow); the ground color of the hindwing dark brown (grey); in the male genitalia, the editum is a small band, slightly bulging (formed by stout spines); the valva is narrow and asymmetrical ; the apical process of valva is slender, long spine-shaped, incurved inward terminally ; the uncus is slender and hooked ; the vesica has two cornuti, one small, claw-shaped, the other long, slender, smoothly arched (a row of six irregular cornuti); in the female genitalia, the ductus bursae is narrower; the corpus bursae is approximately triangular, with a triangular signum band posteriorly .The new species is similar to 018 Figs , 21, 27 Male genitalia  Fig. .Podocarpaceae and Myrtaceae are richest families in the collecting biotope, and mosses of Himantocladiumplumula (Nees) Fleisch., 1908, Hypopterygiumtamarisci Bridel ex C.M\u00fcller, 1850, Fissidenswichurae Broth. & Fleisch., 1899 are also abundant.The species was collected in a tropical rain forest area. Didugaalbicosta Hampson, 1891 (India: Nilgiris)Didugaalbida Hampson, 1914 (New Guinea: Mimika River)Didugaallodubatolovi Bayarsaikhan, Li & Bae, 2020 (China: Yunnan)Didugaalternota Bucsek, 2014 Didugaambigua Bucsek, 2014 Didugaamoenusa Bucsek, 2012 Didugaannulata Hampson, 1900 (Indonesia: Sambawa)Didugabarlowi Holloway, 2001 (Borneo: Brunei)Didugabayartogtokhi Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2019 (Vietnam: Vinh Phuc)Didugabispinosa Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2018 (Cambodia: Koh Kong)Didugachebalinga sp. nov. (China: Guangdong)Didugachewi sp. nov. Didugaciliata Holloway, 2001 (Borneo: Pulo Laut)Didugacostata Moore, [1887] (Sri Lanka: Dickoya)Didugacucphuonga Dubatolov & Bucsek, 2016 (North Vietnam: Ninh Binh)Didugadorsolobata Holloway, 2001 Didugadubatolovi Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2018 (Cambodia: Koh Kong)Didugaexcisa Hampson, 1918 (Philippines: Luzon)Didugaflavicostata  (India: Nilgiris)Didugaflavifinis Bucsek, 2014 Didugafumipennis Hampson, 1891 (India: Nilgiris)Didugakhounngeuna Bucsek, 2020 (Laos: Ban Khoun Ngeun)Didugahaematomiformis van Eecke, 1920 (Indonesia: West Java)Didugahainanensis Bayarsaikhan, Li & Bae, 2020 (China: Hainan)Didugahanoiensis Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2019 (Vietnam: Hanoi)Didugahollowayi sp. nov. Didugairiomotensis Bae, Kishida & Bayarsaikhan, 2019 (Japan: Okinawa)Didugakohkongensis Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2018 (Cambodia: Koh Kong)Didugaluteogibbosa Bayarsaikhan, Li & Bae, 2020 (China: Yunnan)Didugamacroplaga  (Indonesia [Borneo]: Pulo Laut)Didugametaleuca Hampson, 1918 (Philippines: Luzon)Didugamininota Bucsek, 2014 Diduganigridentata Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2019 (Vietnam: Hanoi)Diduganota Bucsek, 2012 Didugapectinifer Hampson, 1900 (Indonesia [Borneo]: Pulo Laut)Didugaplumosa Hampson, 1911 (Indonesia: Sambawa)Didugaquinquicornuta Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2019 (Vietnam: Hanoi)Didugarufidisca Hampson, 1898 (India: Assam)Didugascalprata Bayarsaikhan, Li & Bae, 2020 (China: Yunnan)Didugasimianshana sp. nov. (China: Chongqing)Didugaspinosusa Bucsek, 2012 Didugatrichophora Hampson, 1900 (Indonesia [Borneo]: Pulo Laut)Didugazetes Bucsek, 2014"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-65003-2, published online 15 June 2020Correction to: This Article contains errors in Reference 13 which was incorrectly given as:2018 7th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (Biorob) (2020).Nassour, J. & Hamker, F. Enfolded textile actuator for soft wearable robots. In The correct reference is listed below as ref 1:2019 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS), 10.1109/CBS46900.2019.9114425 (2019).Nassour, J. & Hamker, F. Enfolded Textile Actuator for Soft Wearable Robots. In"}
{"text": "Prevalence of burnout among intensive care physicians: a systematic review, with DOI number: 10.5935/0103-507X.20200076, published in the journal Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva, 32(3):458-467, on page 458:In the article Where it read:Mirko MinieriRead:Mirko Mineri"}
{"text": "ONTrack pipeline.Long-palped Water Beetles were collected during a taxon expedition in Montenegro which involved citizen scientists, students and taxonomists. The material was collected from springs, brooks, fens and the Tara River, at altitudes between 600 m and 1450 m above sea level, using fine-meshed hand-nets and by manual checking of submerged substrates. The morphological species delimitation was supplemented and congruent with mtDNA sequences mainly obtained in the field using the newly-developed MinION-based Hydraenadinarica Freitag & de Vries, sp. n. from Durmitor Mt. is described, illustrated and compared in detail to closely-related congeners of the H.saga d'Orchymont, 1930/H.emarginata Rey, 1885 species complex. Five additional species and female specimens of two unidentified morphospecies of the genus were also recorded in the vicinity of Durmitor National Park. New records and the first DNA barcodes for Hydraenabiltoni J\u00e4ch & D\u00edaz, 2012 (endemic to Montenegro) and H.morio Kiesenwetter, 1849 are provided. Further records of H.nigrita Germar, 1824, H.minutissima Stephens, 1829, H.subintegra Ganglbauer, 1901 and females of two unidentified morphospecies are commented upon. The resulting inter- and intraspecific genetic distances and some observations of low or zero sequence divergence between recently-diverged species of Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 are briefly discussed.The new species  Hydraena, originally described by Hydraena species are currently recorded from Montenegro. Many species of the genus are endemic to comparably small distribution ranges  species, amongst which one new species was actually discovered. The new species was found at Skakala stream, a mountain creek flowing from Skakala waterfall into the periodically-inundated Su\u0161ica Lake on the northern slopes of Durmitor massif  and compared with descriptions of Hydraena species of the Balkan Region. Their genitalia, temporarily mounted in lactic acid on microscopic slides, were examined under a Leica ICC50 HD compound microscope.Pre-sorting and genus-level identification were performed by taxon expedition participants mentored by the first author Fig. , using tDetailed examination and digital imaging of dissected parts was done using an Olympus CX21 microscope equipped with a DinoEye Eyepiece camera. Habitus photographs were taken under a Zeiss Axio Zoom V 16 microscope with a Canon 5D Mark II SLR attached to the microscope. Images were captured at various focus planes and subsequently stacked using the Helicon Focus software. Genital drawings were compiled after their photographs by vector graphic tools in CorelDRAW v.10.0 software, but in direct comparison with the actual genitals mounted on slides.COI) gene as described in https://github.com/MaestSi/ONTrack). The primer pair LCO1490 and HC02198 was used for PCR amplification. Library preparation for the MinION Oxford Nanopore NGS device was performed using SQK-LSK109 (Run1) and SQK-LSK108 (Run2) kits and, for each library, samples were pooled together after adding index sequences. The final libraries were loaded on a R9.4.1 Flongle flow-cell (Run1) and on a R9.4.1 MinION flow-cell (Run2). Sequencing was carried out in the field using an off-line version of MinKNOW v1.6.11. The two sequencing runs were stopped after 5 and 17 hours and produced a total of 182,504 and 533,919 sequence reads, respectively. Sequence reads were base-called and demultiplexed using Guppy v.3.1.5 and accurate consensus sequences were generated using the ONTrack pipeline v.1.2.2 , the entire remaining specimen of each initially-recognised morphospecies and some unidentifiable female specimens underwent DNA isolation, amplification, sequencing and processing of the 5\u2032-end of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I  through GenBank, as well as to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) under project The type labels of the new species are literally quoted from the specimen\u2019s label under 'bibliographicCitation'. Back slashes indicate the next line in the label.J\u00e4ch & D\u00edaz, 2012DF236B2B-BE4D-5E2D-A313-63F640388761Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Hendrik Freitag, Michael F. Fox, Rebekah Lambert; individualID: H69; sex: 3 males, 2 females; lifeStage: adults; associatedSequences: GenBank: MT784158.1; Location: locationID: MNE21c; continent: Europe; waterBody: small Black Lake tributary; country: MONTENEGRO; municipality: \u017dabljak; locality: Durmitor National Park; verbatimLocality: small Black Lake tributary creek near war monument, pine forest, pebble in shallow run; verbatimElevation: 1435 m; verbatimCoordinates: 43 08 57N; 19 05 42E; Identification: identifiedBy: Hendrik Freitag, Rick De Vries, Cameron G. Thompson, Helena Lamed, Rebekah Lambert, Michael F. Fox, Mariela Gonzalez, Clister V. Pangantihon; Event: eventDate: 2019-07-16; Record Level: institutionCode: CFM, ZMB; collectionCode: Coleoptera; basisOfRecord: Dried specimens; informationWithheld: MONTENEGRO: \u017dabljak, Durmitor N.P., small Black Lake tributary creek near war monument, pine forest, pebble in shallow run, 1435 m a.s.l., 43 08 57N 19 05 42E, 16 July 2019, leg M.F. Fox, R. Lambert, H. Freitag (MNE21c)Hydraenabiltoni  of the species. See also remarks on H.biltoni.We provide here the first Hydraenaminutissima.For notes on the habitat, see Germar, 18242CF23352-129D-5B96-960E-9BAA24F23DAEType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Hendrik Freitag, Clister V. Pangantihon; individualID: H61; sex: 2 males; lifeStage: adults; associatedSequences: GenBank: MT784150.1; Location: locationID: MNE17b; continent: Europe; waterBody: Shallow littoral pool with pebbles; country: Montenegro; municipality: \u017dabljak; locality: Tara River; verbatimLocality: Tara River, near Bijela Stijena, shallow littoral pool with pebbles; verbatimElevation: 600 m; verbatimCoordinates: 43 13 23N; 19 09 57E; Identification: identifiedBy: Hendrik Freitag, Rick De Vries, Cameron G. Thompson, Helena Lamed, Rebekah Lambert, Michael F. Fox, Mariela Gonzalez, Clister V. Pangantiho; Event: eventDate: 2019-07-12; Record Level: institutionCode: CFM, ZMB; collectionCode: Coleoptera; basisOfRecord: Dried specimenHydraenanigrita  densely vegetated with sedge and horsetail, the other (MNE13) additionally with limestone boulders and gravel densely covered with mosses. In both sites, a creek with clear brownish water, rich in humins, was passing the fens and provides continuous water inputs.Ganglbauer, 1901F252DDF2-5B04-5405-8EAC-BDC4770C4A7FType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Hendrik Freitag & Clister Pangantihon; individualID: H63; sex: 1 male, 1 female; lifeStage: adults; associatedSequences: GenBank: MT784149.; Location: locationID: MNE17c; continent: Europe; waterBody: Black Lake tributary creek; country: Montenegro; municipality: \u017dabljak; locality: Durmitor N.P.; verbatimLocality: Tara River near Bijela Stijena, littoral, run with pebble; verbatimElevation: 600 m; verbatimCoordinates: 43 13 23N; 19 09 57E; Identification: identifiedBy: Hendrik Freitag, Rick De Vries, Cameron G. Thompson, Helena Lamed, Rebekah Lambert, Michael F. Fox, Mariela Gonzalez, Clister V. Pangantihon; Event: eventDate: 2019-07-12; Record Level: institutionCode: CFM; collectionCode: Coleoptera; basisOfRecord: Dried specimensType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Helena Lamed, Mariela Gonzales, Rebekah Lambert, Michael F. Fox, Clister V. Pangantihon; individualID: H63; sex: 1 male, 1 female; lifeStage: adults; Location: locationID: MNE20c/f/h; continent: Europe; waterBody: Black Lake tributary creek; country: Montenegro; municipality: \u017dabljak; locality: Durmitor N.P.; verbatimLocality: Black Lake tributary creek near old watermill, pine forest; verbatimElevation: 1450 m; verbatimCoordinates: 43 09 09N; 19 05 22E; Identification: identifiedBy: Hendrik Freitag, Rick De Vries, Cameron G. Thompson, Helena Lamed, Rebekah Lambert, Michael F. Fox, Mariela Gonzalez, Clister V. Pangantihon; Event: eventDate: 2019-07-16; Record Level: institutionCode: NMW, ZMB; collectionCode: Coleoptera; basisOfRecord: Dried specimensThe species is distributed in an area between the Adriatic and Black Seas, including the Dinaric Alps .Haenydra\" lineage is not yet finally resolved. Three slightly varying morphs are recognised. Our specimens ; institutionCode: NMW; basisOfRecord: Dried specimen; informationWithheld: Terminal parts of abdomen, aedeagus and right foretasus (broken off) glued separately on to same entomological card along with holotype specimen.Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Hendrik Freitag, Clister V. Pangantihon; individualID: H67, H68; sex: 14 males, 11 females; lifeStage: adults; associatedSequences: GenBank: MT784148.1; Location: locationID: MNE18; continent: Europe; waterBody: Skakala stream; country: Montenegro; municipality: \u017dabljak; locality: Durmitor, Peradova gora; verbatimElevation: 1220 m; locationRemarks: cold water karst creek with predominant flow subsurface; verbatimCoordinates: 43 09 54N; 18 59 59E; Identification: identifiedBy: Hendrik Freitag, Rick De Vries, Cameron G. Thompson, Helena Lamed, Rebekah Lambert, Michael F. Fox, Mariela Gonzalez, Clister V. Pangantihon; Event: samplingProtocol: Manual collection by hand-net from bottom substrates; eventDate: 2019-07-13; Record Level: type: Dried specimens; bibliographicCitation: MONTENEGRO: Durmitor, Peradova gora, \\ Skakala stream, ca. 1220 m asl., \\ 43\u00b009\u203254\u2033N 18\u00b059\u203259\u2033E, 13 July 2019 \\ leg. H. Freitag & C.V. Pangantihon (MNE18); institutionCode: CFM, NMW, SMTD, ZMB; collectionCode: ColeopteraType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Vladimir Pe\u0161i\u0107; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Location: continent: Europe; country: Montenegro; municipality: \u017dabljak; locality: Durmitor, Zeleni Vir; Identification: identifiedBy: Manfred A. J\u00e4ch; Event: samplingProtocol: Manual collection; eventDate: 2002-08-02; Record Level: type: Dried specimen; institutionCode: NMW; collectionCode: ColeopteraHabitus as in Fig. Pronotum broadly subhexagonal, moderately wider than long; anterior and posterior margins slightly concave; anterior and posterior angles bluntly rounded, lateral rim denticulate, most conspicuous anteriorly; disc slightly convex; sagittal, anterior and posterior portions densely punctate; remaining disc portions moderately densely punctate; interstices glabrous; anterior and posterior sublateral foveae slightly impressed, rather inconspicuous; entire lateral portions slightly deflexed, rugulously bipunctate, partly microstriate.Elytra elongate, almost parallel-sided apical 0.15\u20130.70; disc slightly vaulted, sublaterally more abruptly declivitous; elytral margin moderately explanate up to ca. apical 0.15. Elytra with six regularly arranged, not or slightly impressed rows of puncture striae between suture and disc declivity (approx. at the middle of shoulder) and ca. six additional, less regular puncture striae between disc declivity and elytral margin; punctures moderately large and moderately deeply impressed on anterior disc, gradually slightly decreasing in size and degree of impression towards apex and margin; intervals and interstices flat and glabrous; intervals smaller than puncture diameter anteriorly, larger in posterior and lateral portions; apical sutural teeth present or absent, apices separately rounded, sexually dimorphic , located at the most right  .2013 see . They shHydraenadinarica, sp. n. is unique in the tuba-like 180\u00b0 bent hyaline distal tube of the aedeagus , except for H.emarginata, some specimens of H.larissae and H.samnitica with subequally large distal portion. Similarly, the aedeagus of H.dinarica, sp. n. is larger (main piece 630 \u03bcm long) than most species mentioned above (510\u2013610 \u03bcm), except for H.emarginata (610\u2013665 \u03bcm).In comparison with all species mentioned above, gus Fig.  and thusH.dinarica, sp. n. seems morphologically most similar to the Italian species H.kahleni and H.larissae, especially based on their moderately large contorted aedeagal distal lobe, as well as H.saga on the external habitus. While H.dinarica, sp. n. is slightly larger (2.25\u20132.45 mm long) than the latter three species (1.95\u20132.30 mm long), the elytral disc appears slightly flatter and the elytral margin very slightly more explanate in H.dinarica, sp. n. The elytral apices are similar and within the observed variation range in the former species in both sexes. The new species also resembles H.samnitica of almost the same size , but it is externally distinguishable from H.samnitica by the explanate elytral margin extending almost up to the apex .Within this complex, H.dinarica, sp. n. seems genetically closest to H.alpicola, H.saga and the H.gracilis Germar, 1824 complex  and is also most similar. Therefore, the species can only reliably be identified by dissection of its aedeagus.On the other hand, H.dinarica, sp. n., the gonocoxite  notched in females; H.gracilisbalcanica d'Orchymont, 1930 : Fig. 32p); H.subintegra ; H.vedrasi d\u2019Orchymont, 1931  notched in females; Externally, the new species also resembles other representatives of the \"Hydraenadinarica, sp. n. varies by 0.6% genetic distance , with LCO1490 & HC02198 primers and the applied protocols, was successful  if not exactly the same place, the collection site of the sample is nonetheless in close proximity to the type locality of H.saga d'Orchymont, 1930(b), while there is no published record of a real H.gracilis from any nearby locality; (4) H.alpicola and H.saga are known to have sometimes identical COI sequences , labelled \"equences ; (5) theion site , we assuHydraenaalpicola and H.saga can obviously not be distinguished by their barcode, the highest divergence was observed for H.subintegra and H.minutissima as representatives of different main lineages of the same subgenus, Hydraena (s.str.).Interspecific genetic distances ranged from 0.0\u201317.8%  hidden in the hyporheic zone.The habitat of Hydraenadinarica clearly belongs to the \"Haenydra\" lineage  and western  to its regionally-rare microhabitat with a partly subterranean flow of cold water supports this assumption.Many of these species are known to be highly endemic and all of them are young species, some of the closest relatives, such as ast time . Ribera ies Fig. . This seIts rarity, its presumably very limited distribution range and its special habitat association suggest that the new species is particularly vulnerable to climate change and habitat destruction.C284CBC1-70E4-569A-8BD4-91005ED167DA10.3897/BDJ.9.e59892.suppl1Supplementary material 1COI sequence divergence (K2P).Intra- and interspecific Data typegenetic divergence tableBrief descriptionONTrack MinION pipeline are indicated by their \"H[number]\" code. Sequences of Hendrich et al. (2015), Pentinsaari et al. (2014), Ribera (2011), Rulik et al. (2017), Trizzino et al. , are indicated by their respective GenBank accession numbers.Specimens sequenced in the field by the use of the File: oo_425124.xlsxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/425124Hendrik FreitagE4CEDEDB-2104-5898-A504-DF0316082D8C10.3897/BDJ.9.e59892.suppl2Supplementary material 2Taxon Expedition: the exciting discovery from Durmitor MountainData typemultimediaFile: oo_493321.mp4https://binary.pensoft.net/file/493321Clister V. Pangantihon"}
{"text": "Expression of Concern to: Mol Med (2012) 18:250\u2013259https://doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2011.00389The Editors-in-Chief would like to alert readers that this article (Yang et al. Huan Yang, Peter Lundb\u00e4ck, Lars Ottosson, Helena Erlandsson-Harris, Emilie Venereau, Marco E. Bianchi, Yousef Al-Abed, Ulf Andersson, and Kevin J. Tracey agree to this editorial expression of concern.Daniel J. Antoine has not responded to any correspondence from the editor/publisher about this editorial expression of concern."}
{"text": "Open Life Sci. 2019;14:38\u201342. doi: 10.1515/biol-2019-0005\u201d the affiliation of author Jia Chen is incorrect.In the published article \u201cChen J, Deng Y. Diagnostic performance of serum CK-MB, TNF-\u03b1 and hs-CRP in children with viral myocarditis. The correct affiliation of Jia Chen is as follows: Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road Hexi Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410013, P.R. China."}
{"text": "The following information is missing from the Funding statement: JV, NB, JW, CZ, IA, JAS: IHU FOReSIGHT (ANR-18-IAHU-0001) supported by French state funds managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche within the Investissements d'Avenir program.The legends for Figs The citation for reference 20 is incomplete. The complete reference is: McCulloch DL, Marmor MF, Brigell MG, Hamilton R, Holder GE, et al. (2015) ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2015 update). Doc Ophthalmol 130: 1\u201312. pmid: 25502644The publisher apologize for the errors."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Kenneth B. Storey. The correct citation is: Thorne MAS, Britov\u0161ek NK, Hawkins L, Lilley KS, Storey KB (2020) Proteomics of intracellular freezing survival. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0233048."}
{"text": "AbstractArtemisiatilesii, Seneciolugens, Taraxacumscopulorum (Asteraceae); Crucihimalayabursifolia, Drabafladnizensis, D.juvenilis, D.pilosa, D.simmonsii (Brassicaceae); Carexbigelowiisubsp.bigelowii, Eriophorumrusseolumsubsp.albidum (Cyperaceae); Anthoxanthummonticolasubsp.monticola, Bromuspumpellianus, Deschampsiacespitosasubsp.cespitosa, D.sukatschewii, Festucarubrasubsp.rubra, Loliumperenne, Poapratensissubsp.pratensis (Poaceae); Stuckeniafiliformis (Potamogetonaceae); Potentilla\u00d7prostrata (Rosaceae); Galiumaparine (Rubiaceae); and Salixovalifoliavar.ovalifolia . Eight of these are new to the flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Seneciolugens, Drabajuvenilis, D.pilosa, Anthoxanthummonticolasubsp.monticola, Bromuspumpellianus, Deschampsiacespitosasubsp.cespitosa, Poapratensissubsp.pratensis and Salixovalifoliavar.ovalifolia. One of these, Galiumaparine, is newly recorded for the flora of Nunavut. Four first records for Victoria Island are introduced plants discovered in Cambridge Bay in 2017: three grasses  and Galiumaparine. One taxon, Juncusarcticussubsp.arcticus, is newly recorded from the Northwest Territories. Of the general areas on Victoria Island that have been botanically explored the most, the greatest diversity of vascular plants is recorded in Ulukhaktok (194 taxa) and the next most diverse area is Cambridge Bay (183 taxa). The floristic data presented here represent a new baseline on which continued exploration of the vascular flora of Victoria Island \u2013 particularly the numerous areas of the island that remain unexplored or poorly explored botanically \u2013 will build.Victoria Island in Canada\u2019s western Arctic is the eighth largest island in the world and the second largest in Canada. Here, we report the results of a floristic study of vascular plant diversity of Victoria Island. The study is based on a specimen-based dataset comprising 7031 unique collections from the island, including some 2870 new collections gathered between 2008 and 2019 by the authors and nearly 1000 specimens variously gathered by N. Polunin (in 1947), M. Oldenburg (1940s\u20131950s) and S. Edlund (1980s) that, until recently, were part of the unprocessed backlog of the National Herbarium of Canada and unavailable to researchers. Results are presented in an annotated checklist, including keys and distribution maps for all taxa, citation of specimens, comments on taxonomy, distribution and the history of documentation of taxa across the island, and photographs for a subset of taxa. The vascular plant flora of Victoria Island comprises 38 families, 108 genera, 272 species, and 17 additional taxa. Of the 289 taxa known on the island, 237 are recorded from the Northwest Territories portion of the island and 277 from the Nunavut part. Thirty-nine taxa are known on the island from a single collection, seven from two collections and three from three collections. Twenty-one taxa in eight families are newly recorded for the flora of Victoria Island:  Exploration and documentation of the vascular plant flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago has been ongoing since the earliest expeditions in search of the Northwest Passage, nearly 200 years ago, during which crew members obtained new scientific information on the natural history of the lands being explored, including collections of plants. Vascular plant specimens have accumulated from across the Archipelago through the decades, variously collected opportunistically or as part of botanical studies by both botanists and non-botanists alike. Many floristic studies of areas of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago have been published, ranging from simple lists of plants to more detailed accounts of plant biodiversity, including information about taxonomy, nomenclature, distribution and ecology . Among tIn contrast to the flora of an area, which is based on presence or absence of species regardless of abundance, vegetation refers to assemblage(s) of plant species, often focused on or characterized by the subset of species that are dominant in ecological communities. Arctic vegetation is responding rapidly to the changing Arctic climate, which is warming at twice the rate of the rest of the planet . ElmendoMany regions of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago remain underexplored or unexplored botanically, given the massive size of the region, the short window of opportunity for making field collections during Arctic summer, the small number of taxonomically trained and oriented Arctic botanists conducting field research, and the great logistical challenges and costs associated with accessing remote Arctic areas . Given tCarexbicolor, Eriophorumbrachyantherum, Luzulawahlenbergii, Corallorhizatrifida, Puccinelliabanksiensis, Stuckeniavaginata, Suaedacalceoliformis, Arenariahumifusa, Arenarialongipedunculata, Sabulinastricta, Andromedapolifolia, Oxytropisdeflexavar.foliolosa, Pinguiculavulgaris and Salixarctophila. We present an annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Victoria Island in which we summarize the history of documentation of the flora and cite all specimens including new reports of first records for the island and many new records of species at sites across the island. We also provide taxonomic keys to identify all taxa currently recorded on the island, distribution maps for all taxa on the island, and photographs of many taxa. This work will serve as a new baseline on which continued floristic exploration of Victoria Island can build.Here, we report the results of a collections-based floristic study of Victoria Island in the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Our study synthesizes existing published and unpublished information on the flora of the island, including new results from five field seasons  of botanical collecting at sites across the island. A small subset of collections from our 2008 and 2010 trips, representing first records of the following species for Victoria Island (or first records with confirmed vouchers), were reported in 2), about 3.8% larger than Great Britain, is the eighth largest island in the world and the second largest  in Canada. It is located in the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago  of 9\u201312, 5\u201350% cover of vascular plants, herbaceous layer 5\u201310 cm tall, prostrate and hemiprostrate dwarf shrubs less than 15 cm tall, and 75\u2013150 species in local floras. Subzone D has a mean temperature of 7\u20139 \u00b0C, a summer warmth index of 12\u201320, 50\u201380% cover of vascular plants, herbaceous and dwarf shrub layers 10\u201340 cm tall, and 125\u2013250 species in local floras. The Canadian High Arctic Research Station (CHARS) is currently leading a bioclimatic mapping of Victoria Island project. The goal of the project is to refine and better characterize previously determined boundaries between subzones C and D on the island based on results of fieldwork and aerial surveys.The Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map\u2013an international effort to develop a unified terminology for describing global Arctic vegetation\u2013divides the circumpolar Arctic into five bioclimate zones . The zonThe two communities on Victoria Island are located within bioclimate subzone D. Cambridge Bay has a mean annual air temperature of -13.9 \u00b0C for the climate normal period of 1981\u20132010 and the mean annual temperature in July is 8.9 \u00b0C and in February is -32.5 \u00b0C for the same period . Mean anThe Northwest Territories CHARS; Polar Knowledge Canada) in Cambridge Bay in 2015, new ecological research has been initiated on Victoria Island and the adjacent mainland, including long-term, experiment-based monitoring of the terrestrial ecosystem , a large study area centred around the CHARS campus in Cambridge Bay, including island and mainland areas and the communities of Ulukhaktok, Kugluktuk, Cambridge Bay, Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Kugaaruk (CASBEC) initiative aims to develop a standardized approach to classifying, naming, and interpreting Arctic and Subarctic terrestrial ecological communities at a range of scales, based on plant associations . Marine strand lines marking former post-glacial marine limits are conspicuous on the island; nearly half the island was, at one point, submerged. Other marine features in inland areas include marine shells, raised deltas, raised beach ridges, abandoned strand lines and marine sediments. Coastal parts of western Victoria Island are characterized by having large morainal belts that often reach heights of 30 m or higher. Morainal topography is particularly varied on Wollaston Peninsula, attaining maximum height at the summit of Mt. Bumpus. Morainal belts of eastern Victoria Island are much smaller. The island is further characterized by its abundant lakes and rivers, floodplain deposits, alluvial fans and deltas. Pingos are present on southeastern Victoria Island, particularly on Wollaston Peninsula.2. Uvayuq was given its English name, Mount Pelly, by Thomas Simpson and Peter Warren Dease in 1839, honouring then-governor of the Hudson\u2019s Bay Company, John Henry Pelly , British expedition in search of Sir John Franklin\u2019s missing ships Erebus and Terror, and by John Rae in 1851. These collections are housed at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew , and a collection of Salixarctica, taken at \u201cMount Adventure\u201d [Adventure Mountain] on Prince Albert Peninsula, is attributed to McClure , two-ship , just west of Wollaston Land, the next day. Rae then travelled eastwards along the southern shore of Victoria Island as far as Wilbank Bay . Upon his return to Douglas Island, on 15 May, he travelled northwards along the west coast of Wollaston Land to ca. 14 miles beyond Cape Baring , before turning around. He returned to the mainland on 2 June. On the second leg of the 1851 expedition, Rae travelled by boat. He left the mouth of the Coppermine River in early July and travelled eastwards along the south shore of Coronation Gulf to the east end of Kent Peninsula. On 27 July he crossed the strait to Victoria Island, reaching Cambridge Bay. Leaving the bay, Rae followed the coast eastwards to Albert Edward Bay, and then travelled north overland on foot to a point ca. seven miles south of Pelly Point  on the Collinson Peninsula, before turning around. On the return trip Rae apparently followed the southern coast of Victoria Island, as he describes stopping north-east of Cape Peel  along Dease Strait and Point Ross , at Kookyoak River [=Kuujjua R.] and at Cambridge Bay (CAN). In 1948, John L. (Pete) Jenness, son of Diamond Jenness, made a few collections in the vicinity of Richard Collinson Inlet and on the Storkerson Peninsula.Considerable plant exploration of Victoria Island occurred in the 1940s, when many plant collections were made at fur trading posts on the eastern shore of Walker Bay (Fort Collinson), at Holman and Cambridge Bay, and on Read Island just off the south coast of the Wollaston Peninsula. Father Arth\u00e8me Dutilly, associated with the Catholic University of America, collected in 1940 at Holman, at a site referred to on his collection labels as \u201cWillows Patch\u201d \u201d up to 1966 were gathered on the east side of Kings Bay, the site of the community until it moved across the bay to its current location on Queen\u2019s Bay in that year. All collections from the community now known as Ulukhaktok are included under that name.Therefore, to improve accuracy of geographical coordinates, we secondarily georeferenced many sites following standard point-radius protocols, including determining estimates of coordinate uncertainty in metres, in cases where we were confident that existing location data could be improved upon. Georeferencing was done by J.M. Saarela and Paul Wise, Canadian Museum of Nature. Georeferencing data is included in Suppl. material CAN herbarium and for specimens that had been housed in backlog and were newly accessioned as part of this study, and collections made by A.E. Porsild, Gillespie et al., B. Bennett, S. Ponomarenko, and M. Oldenburg. A heat map showing the density of collections at sites on the island was generated using QGIS 3.4.Distribution maps were generated in ArcMap 10.5.1. Additionally, using ArcMap 10.5.1, we generated maps showing the locations of all collecting sites on the island, maps showing the locations of collections made by S. Edlund, including for specimens previously accessioned into the Annotated checklistThe vascular flora of Victoria Island is summarised in an annotated checklist. Classification of lycophytes and ferns follows s.n. [sin nombre = without number] if no collection number exists, and the code(s) identifying the herbaria where the collection is housed. Nineteenth century collections are summarized in Suppl. material All species reported for the study area are documented by one or more voucher specimens, and only vouchered records are included and mapped. Observations of species noted by B., Bay; C., Cape; Cr., Creek; I., Island; Inl., Inlet; Mts., Mountains; P., Peninsula; Pt., Point; R., River; S., Sound; TP, Territorial Park.To simplify publication of voucher information, we assigned each collection to a general area of the island. Where possible, we used general areas as described on specimen labels. In cases where no or vague site information is given on labels, however, we assigned specimens to a nearby named place. For example, collections by Edlund reported from south of Burns Lake were gathered in 1982 and 1987 at sites ca. 40\u201345 km south or south-southwest of the lake, but on the specimen labels the location is described only as \u201cGeological Survey of Canada peat study location\u201d along with the coordinates. In most cases, the toponyms we use are recognized by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. A few sites names, however, are not officially recognized. Examples include \u201cOldenburg Lake\u201d, \u201cTrunsky Lake\u201d and \u201c30-Mile Creek\u201d, also known locally as \u201c30 Mile River\u201d and \u201cHalovik River\u201d. Locations of all general areas are shown in Fig. 70\u00b056'2\"N, 112\u00b015'7\"W) where collections were made by Edlund and the other southeast of the head of Minto Inlet . The esker formerly known as Ovayuk/Mount Pelly, where many collections have been made, was renamed Uvayuq, effective 21 September 2012. The esker northwest of Mount Pelly and north of Cambridge Bay formerly known as Mount Lady Pelly , where collections were made in 1962, was renamed Amaaqtuq, effective 21 September 2012.Some toponyms on Victoria Island have changed in recent years. Ferguson Lake, a large lake north of Cambridge Bay that flows into Wellington Bay via the Ekalluk River, is officially known as Tahiryuaq, the Inuinnaqtun name. We use the English name for the lake to avoid confusion with two other lakes on Victoria Island also officially named Tahiryuaq. Both of these are in Northwest Territories, one north of Prince Albert Sound  represented by each of these general study areas by drawing a bounding box around all sites in Google Earth  we spent searching for species diversity. We also scored the presence of taxa in the Circumpolar Vegetation Map bioclimate subzones C and D across Victoria Island , and Ovayok Territorial Park, the only protected area on the island , Brassicaceae (10), and Poaceae (17). Of the remaining 35 families, 21 are represented by a single genus, eight by two genera, two by three, one by four, one by five, one by seven and one by eight , Brayaglabella, B.thorild-wulffii (Brassicaceae), Sileneinvolucrata, S.uralensis (Caryophyllaceae), Carexbigelowii, Eriophorumscheuchzeri (Cyperaceae), Juncusarcticus (Juncaceae), Anthoxanthummonticola, Elymusalaskanus, Festucarubra, Poaarctica (Poaceae), Potentillaarenosa (Rosaceae). Three infraspecific taxa of Poapratensis are recorded on Victoria Island.Three families are represented by more than ten genera: teraceae 3, BrassiEurybiasibirica, Seneciolugens (Asteraceae), Mertensiadrummondii (Boraginaceae), Brayathorild-wulffiisubsp.glabrata, Cardaminebellidifolia, Crucihimalayabursifolia, Drabanorvegica, D.pauciflora, Erysimumcoarctatum, Parryanudicaulis (Brassicaceae), Sabulinaelegans, S.stricta, Saginacaespitosa (Caryophyllaceae), Eriophorumrusseolumsubsp.albidum (Cyperaceae), Andromedapolifolia (Ericaceae), Oxytropisdeflexavar.foliolosa (Fabaceae), Luzulawahlenbergii (Juncaceae), Montiafontana (Montiaceae), Corallorhizatrifida (Orchidaceae), Castillejapallidavar.caudata, Pedicularishirsuta (Orobanchaceae), Anthoxanthumnitenssubsp.nitens, Bromuspumpellianus, Deschampsiacespitosasubsp.cespitosa, D.sukatschewii, Festucarubrasubsp.rubra, Loliumperenne, Poapratensissubsp.pratensis (Poaceae), Stuckeniafiliformis, S.vaginata (Potamogetonaceae), Pulsatillanuttalliana (Ranunculaceae), Potentillahyparcticasubsp.hyparctica, P.\u00d7prostrata, P.vulcanicola, Rubuschamaemorus L. (Rosaceae), Galiumaparine (Rubiaceae), Salixarctophila, S.ovalifoliavar.ovalifolia, S.planifolia . Seven taxa are known from two collections: Brayathorild-wulffiisubsp.thorild-wulffii, Drabafladnizensis, D.oligosperma (Brassicaceae), Arenarialongipedunculata (Caryophyllaceae), Equisetumscirpoides (Equisetaceae), Anthoxanthummonticolasubsp.monticola (Poaceae) and Ranunculussulphureus (Ranunculaceae). Three taxa are known from three collections: Antennariamonocephalasubsp.angustata, Artemisiatilesii (Asteraceae) and Carexbicolor (Cyperaceae). Of the remaining taxa, 26 are known from 4\u20135 collections, 31 from 6\u201310, 51 from 11\u201319, 41 from 21\u201330, 28 from 31\u201340, 27 from 41\u201350 and 16 from 51\u201359. Fifteen species are known from 61\u201391 collections: Parryaarctica (Brassicaceae), Sabulinarubella, Sileneuralensissubsp.uralensis (Caryophyllaceae), Carexaquatilissubsp.stans, C.fuliginosasubsp.misandra, C.membranacea, C.scirpoideasubsp.scirpoidea (Cyperaceae), Pedicularislanata (Orobanchaceae), Arctagrostislatifoliasubsp.latifolia, Dupontiafisheri, Festucabaffinensis, Poaglaucasubsp.glauca (Poaceae), Bistortavivipara (Polygonaceae), Dryasintegrifoliasubsp.integrifolia (Rosaceae) and Salixrichardsonii . Three species are known from over 100 collections: Drabacorymbosa (102), Salixarctica (162), Drabacinerea (114) and Stellarialongipes (113).The number of collections per taxon from Victoria Island ranges from 1 to 162 (mean 24 \u00b1 23). Thirty-nine taxa are known on the island from a single collection: Artemisiatilesii, Seneciolugens, Taraxacumscopulorum (Asteraceae), Crucihimalayabursifolia, Drabafladnizensis, D.juvenilis, D.pilosa, D.simmonsii (Brassicaceae), Carexbigelowiisubsp.bigelowii, Eriophorumrusseolumsubsp.albidum (Cyperaceae), Anthoxanthummonticolasubsp.monticola, Bromuspumpellianus, Deschampsiacespitosasubsp.cespitosa, D.sukatschewii, Festucarubrasubsp.rubra, Loliumperenne, Poapratensissubsp.pratensis (Poaceae), Stuckeniafiliformis (Potamogetonaceae), Potentilla\u00d7prostrata (Rosaceae), Galiumaparine (Rubiaceae) and Salixovalifoliavar.ovalifolia . Eight of these are new to the flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Seneciolugens, Drabajuvenilis, D.pilosa, Anthoxanthummonticolasubsp.monticola, Bromuspumpellianus, Deschampsiacespitosasubsp.cespitosa, Poapratensissubsp.pratensis, Salixovalifoliavar.ovalifolia. One of these, Galiumaparine, is newly recorded for the flora of Nunavut. Four of these first records for Victoria Island are introduced plants discovered in Cambridge Bay in 2017: three grasses  and Galiumaparine. One taxon, Juncusarcticussubsp.arcticus, is newly recorded from the Northwest Territories.Twenty-one taxa in eight families are newly recorded for the flora of Victoria Island, namely Carexvaginata, Cystopterisfragilis, Equisetumarvensesubsp.alpestre, Huperziaarctica, Woodsiaglabella). Eight taxa are recorded in subzone C that are not recorded in subzone D: Brayathorild-wulffiisubsp.glabrata, Cardaminebellidifolia, Drabapauciflora, Deschampsiacespitosasubsp.cespitosa (borderline subzone C/D), Puccinelliabruggemannii, Ranunculussabinei, Ranunculussulphureus and Saxifragaflagellarissubsp.platysepala. A total of 134 taxa are recorded in subzone D that are not recorded in subzone C.Considering diversity in the CAVM subzones present on the island, 157 taxa are recorded in subzone C, 283 in subzone D, and 149 taxa are recorded in both subzones  ecoregion, 37 in the West Prince Albert Upland MA ecoregion, six in the East Prince Albert Plain MA ecoregion, 51 in the Shaler Mountains MA ecoregion, 76 in the Tahiryuak Upland MA ecoregion, 29 in Wollaston Peninsula MA ecoregion and 231 in Prince Albert Coastlands Low Arctic-north ecoregion  and Ovayok Territorial Park (57). If the flora of Ovayok is considered as part of the Cambridge Bay area, 187 taxa are recorded in the area; only four species are recorded from Ovayok that are not otherwise known from the Cambridge Bay area , whereas there are many species recorded from Cambridge Bay not known to occur in the park.Of the eight general areas on Victoria Island that have been botanically explored the most, the greatest diversity of vascular plants is recorded in Ulukhaktok, where 194 taxa are known Table . The nexSpecies discovery curves for each of the six areas we aimed to document comprehensively in 2008 and 2010 each indicate a generally consistent increase in number of new species found with each additional day of exploration Fig. . Curves We recorded 272 species and 289 taxa on Victoria Island, including 21 taxa newly reported for the island. This represents an increase of 4.3% from the 277 taxa previously recorded from Victoria Island , which i2) than the Ulukhaktok area (16.5 km2) where collections have been made. In addition to different levels of species richness, the floras of the two areas are dissimilar. Although a total of 150 taxa are documented in both areas, 43 are recorded from Uluhaktok that are not known from Cambridge Bay and 33 from Cambridge Bay that are not known from Ulukhaktok; 61 taxa recorded on the island are not recorded from either area  and the next-greatest diversity is recorded from Cambridge Bay , with about 3.5% fewer taxa recorded than Ulukhaktok. This was an unexpected result, as we had predicted the Cambridge Bay area to be richer because (1) there has been more exploration and collecting there (1422 unique collections in our dataset) compared to Ulukhaktok (915 unique collections), and (2) the Cambridge Bay area, as we have defined it, including the area east of the community along the road to Ovayok Territorial Park and west of the community to the Augustus Hills area, is considerably larger . All of these were collected in 2017, in Cambridge Bay, growing in the same spot, where they were likely planted as part of a seed mixture. Galiumaparine likely grew from seed contaminating the grass seed mixture; the taxon is likely extirpated, as we collected the single plant seen at the site. We do not know if any of these taxa persist at the site. Although there is currently no evidence for the occurrence of widespread invasion of non-native vascular plants on Victoria Island, Cambridge Bay and Ulukhaktok, in particular, should be regularly monitored for possible introductions and persistence of such taxa.There are few introduced vascular plant species in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and none that are considered to be invasive . AccordiAnthoxanthummonticolasubsp.monticola, Artemisiatilesii, Crucihimalayabursifolia), Gillespie et al. , Ponomarenko  and Saarela . A subset of first records of species for Victoria Island reported here are based on a combination of recently collected material plus material newly processed from herbarium backlog that was collected years ago  or re-identified (Drabafladnizensis). Newly processed specimens from herbarium backlog also resulted in new first records for the island , as did study of existing herbarium material, including some that was apparently overlooked in previous work . These results underscore the importance of field exploration in combination with careful herbarium research, which is generally more time consuming than the field work component of floristic research, when attempting to characterize the flora of an area.The numerous first records of taxa for Victoria Island reported by Gentianellapropinqua, Tofieldiapusilla), south (Festucahyperborea) and west (Juncusarcticussubsp.arcticus). In a few cases, we report additional collections for species newly reported for the island in Carexbicolor) or previously unreported collections gathered decades ago but only now liberated from herbarium backlog . Study of existing herbarium material resulted in \u201cdiscovery\u201d of many collections that were apparently not considered in previous Canadian Arctic floristic efforts, including collections made by A. Dutilly at Boot Inlet, R. Hainault at Mt. Lady Pelly and a subset of the collections made by J.D.H. Lambert at Long Lake. Review and processing of relevant material from the CAN backlog resulted in records from sites from which no or few collections have otherwise been made, including collections by M. Oldenburg from \u201cOldenburg Lake\u201d, inland sites on the Prince Albert Peninsula, and Read Island. Similarly, the Edlund backlog material from Victoria Island reported here comprises collections from sites from which other collections were already processed at CAN and sites that were not previously represented in herbarium material, like some inland sites on the Storkerson Peninsula. The material collected at Cambridge Bay by Oldenburg in 1944 and Polunin in 1947, which was processed from the CAN backlog as part of this study and is newly published here, did not reveal any new records for the area. However, these collections, being 70+ years old, provide an important temporal element to understanding the flora of the Cambridge Bay region, as Oldenburg and Polunin were the first botanists  to make extensive collections there. Polunin\u2019s Cambridge Bay collection records a number of species not present among Oldenburg\u2019s collection from the same area three years earlier, such as Carexatrofusca, C.bigelowiisubsp.bigelowii, Carexcapillarissubsp.fuscidula, Carexmyosuroides, Equisetumvariegatumsubsp.variegatum and Juncusbiglumis.In addition to first records for Victoria Island, the current study documents many new sites for species previously recorded from one or more sites on the island. The majority of these are collections that close major or minor gaps in species\u2019 known distributions. For example, our 2008 fieldwork across southern Victoria Island\u2013in areas where no or few collections had previously been made\u2013resulted, as expected, in collections that close numerous gaps in distribution for taxa otherwise documented elsewhere on the island, across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and on the adjacent mainland. Our fieldwork on southeastern Victoria Island resulted in collections from many sites that had not previously been explored or documented . Some new site records reported here variously represent extensions to the known ranges of species, to the north , 1945 (Pedicularishirsuta), 1946 (Potentillahyparcticasubsp.hyparctica), 1949 , 1952 (Potentillavulcanicola), 1959 , 1962 , 1964 , 1986 (Cardaminebellidifolia) and 1987 . The exact original collecting sites for all the collections made prior to the 1980s would likely be impossible to re-locate, since locality information on specimen labels is brief and imprecise. For example, the 1964 collections are part of a larger set of 48 specimens gathered by J.D.H. Lambert from \u201cLong Lake\u201d (Kellogok), a linear lake some 10 km in length with its northwestern end included in (or surrounded by) the southeastern portion of Ovayok Territorial Park. Additional information provided on the labels is brief, including plot numbers 21\u201327, the coordinates 69\u00b007'N, 104\u00b034'W, and the habitat \u201csedge meadow\u201d on a subset of collections. The coordinates mark a spot about 750 m west of the mid-point of the lake. We do not know how accurate these coordinates are, nor if they were determined by the collector or secondarily by another worker based on the named locality. The recorded plot numbers suggest the collections were made as part of an ecological study, but we have not been able to align them with published or unpublished research. Other species recorded by Lambert from \u201cLong Lake\u201d include the rare species Lupinusarcticussubsp.arcticus (three collections) and the heaths Empetrumnigrum, Rhododendrontomentosumsubsp.decumbens, Vacciniumuliginosum and V.vitis-idaeasubsp.minus, most of which are uncommon on the island. The presence of the heaths indicates acidic substrate in the \u201cLong Lake\u201d area, which on southeastern Victoria Island is otherwise known only from the Wellington Bay area. Efforts should be undertaken to explore the \u201cLong Lake\u201d area to try and re-locate the occurrence(s) of these rare taxa, most of which should be relatively conspicuous, particularly if/when in flower, and which have not been seen in the area in over 50 years.Thirty-nine taxa are known on the island from a single collection, seven from two collections and three from three collections. All 47 of these taxa may be considered rare on the island, and efforts should be made to discover additional populations. Many of the taxa known from a single collection have not been seen in decades, being known only from collections made in 1915  and sedges (Cyperaceae). Specialist knowledge is usually needed to locate and recognize diversity in such challenging groups in the field. Our own experience on Victoria Island serves as an example of this: the Canadian Arctic flora was brand new to one of us (J.M. Saarela) on our 2008 expedition. Reflecting on experience gained with the Canadian Arctic vascular plant flora in both the field and herbarium over the subsequent ten-year period, it is likely that some species present at sites studied in the plant families focused on by that individual  during that expedition were overlooked . Reciprocally, Puccinellia expert Laurie Consaul, who was also part of the 2008 expedition, focused on documenting diversity in that challenging genus on Victoria Island. Results, based on targeted search efforts, included her locating new populations of P.banksiensis, a species described as new to science that same year that was not then known from the island , such as those in the genera e island . This deVascular plant species diversity in the Canadian Arctic is correlated with habitat diversity. A large subset of species in the Arctic tend to be dominant and widespread, present wherever suitable habitat occurs; these species are easy to find. On the other hand, many vascular plant species in the Arctic tend to be uncommon on the landscape and occur in microhabitats that do not reflect the dominant vegetation in an area. Examples of microhabitats we encountered on Victoria Island with interesting vascular plant diversity included bird perches , shallow freshwater ponds and south-facing slopes. Locating and searching as many microhabitats as possible results in discovery of the greatest number of species, as we found on Victoria Island. Accordingly, the general locations of our camp sites were chosen by targeting areas that appeared, on topographical maps, to be topographically diverse, ideally including local variation in elevation, aspect, moisture and geology. Ability to survey as many habitats as possible in an area is related to the amount of time available for searching and the diversity of the landscape. The number of days we spent in each area were determined based on our estimate of how long it would take to thoroughly explore the local habitat diversity, though other factors also affected this, such as availability of helicopter support and weather, which greatly affects logistical planning in the Arctic. Exactly where we were able to establish base camps was dependant on suitable areas to land a Twin Otter plane on the tundra in order to establish a camp, the availability of helicopter support for establishing a camp, logistical and financial support for plane and helicopter time, and weather.Mts.), however, are not included in the diversity count for that area because they are too far away to reasonably be considered as part of the Oterkvik Point region. The spike in the number of new species recorded in the Johansen Bay area on the ninth day in that area is a result of collections gathered during a ca. 16 kilometer (round trip) hike from our camp to the coast. Plateaus in the mid portions of some of the species discovery curves generally correspond to days that were spent processing field collections  made on the previous one or two days. Accordingly, no or few new collections representing species that had not yet been recorded at the site were made on those days because field exploration was limited. Species diversity discovered at the Sinclair Creek site was the lowest among the six intensive study areas because we spent only three days there, the least amount of time spent at any of the sites. Moreover, the total area covered by our brief exploration in the vicinity of Sinclair Creek was 1 km2, compared to the Johansen Bay and Oterkvik Pt. areas, which were 355 km2 and 212 km2, when helicopter sites are taken into account.The species discovery curves Fig.  show thaVascular plant biodiversity in the Arctic is correlated with summer warmth, with diversity declining substantially from south to north. A total of 75\u2013150 species is expected in local floras across bioclimate subzone C and 125\u2013250 in subzone D, based on research by Cystopterisfragilis) or more or less throughout the subzone  . Their rareness in subzone C on the island may therefore be a result of collection bias, which seems likely for E.arvense, or lack of appropriate habitat, which seems likely for the fern taxa, which grow on acidic substrates that are uncommon on Victoria Island. The presence of Carexvaginata in subzone C is a borderline occurrence, as the species is known elsewhere in that subzone only from one area of Banks Island. Of the seven species recorded in subzone C but not in subzone D on Victoria Island, four occur elsewhere in subzone D in Canada: Cardaminebellidifolia, which is widespread in several parts of subzone D, and Puccinelliabruggemannii, Ranunculussabinei and R.sulphureus, which are recorded mostly along the northern edge of subzone D (Drabapauciflora), one is known only from one area of subzone D , and one (Deschampsiacespitosasubsp.cespitosa) is known only from subzones D and E in Canada  in subzone C on the island, all but one are common and/or known from multiple collections elsewhere in the subzone either in the eastern and northern Arctic . All but four of these  are recorded in the Nunavut portion of subzone D on the island. It is therefore likely that the remaining 13 species occur within the southern Nunavut portion of subzone C, but are as yet unrecorded. Reciprocally, there are 43 species recorded in the southern Nunavut portion of subzone C on Victoria Island that are not recorded in the northern Nunavut portion of the subzone . A subset of these are expected to be present within the northern Nunavut portion of the subzone, given their documented occurrences on nearby islands to the north and east  that are recorded elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from central to western Melville Island, the eastern islands and the northern Queen Elizabeth Islands, but are apparently absent  from a broad area in the central Archipelago  is recorded from the northern part of the subzone, here arbitrarily defined as comprising Storkerson Peninsula, the head of and west side of Hadley Bay, and Natkusiak Peninsula, than is recorded from the rest of the subzone in Nunavut. Of the species recorded from the more northerly Nunavut portion of subzone C, 18 are not recorded from the more southerly Nunavut portion of the subzone  may be rare or absent. Species known from southwestern Victoria Island that are not yet recorded but likely to exist on the southeastern part of the island, given their broader distributions across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago  and that several other collectors have visited, low recorded diversity is due to collection bias rather than reflecting true levels of vascular plant diversity. Aside from our 2010 efforts, there has been no attempt to comprehensively document local floras at sites/areas within the ecological regions, and most have only been cursorily explored. For example, in the East Prince Albert Plain Mid-Arctic Ecoregion, spanning 9,866 kmCHARS research activity in the Cambridge Bay area, on southeastern Victoria Island and across the entire island, and that the information on the distribution and diversity of vascular plant diversity on the island presented here will help guide future documentation efforts. The complete, specimen-based dataset published here will allow future workers to generate updated distribution maps including new occurrence records. We strongly encourage all researchers conducting botanical or plant-related ecological research on Victoria Island and throughout the Canadian Arctic to document species occurrences with specimens, and to deposit the material in one or more publically accessible herbaria, so that the collections may contribute to the centuries long mission to document Arctic biodiversity.This study has substantially increased our understanding of the diversity and distribution of the vascular plant flora of Victoria Island. The results represent a new baseline of knowledge on which continued exploration of the flora of the island can build. We have provided documentation of several taxa new to the island and increased knowledge of the spatial distribution of taxa across the island. Study of existing herbarium material, which was greatly facilitated by recent mass-digitization efforts at several institutions, revealed a large number of occurrence records that have been overlooked in previous efforts to document the vascular flora of Vascular Island. Nearly 50 taxa on the island are rare, known by three or fewer collections. Although more than 7000 unique collections of vascular plants have been made on Victoria Island, many areas remain unexplored or poorly explored botanically. Numerous species that are expected to occur within bioclimate subzones C on the island have not yet been recorded there, while many species reach their northern limits in bioclimate subzone D on the island. We expect (and hope) that many new collections of vascular plants will be gathered over the coming years, particularly related to LycopodialesLycopodiaceae [1/1]Huperzia Bernh. [1]Huperziaarctica (Grossh. ex Tolm.) Sipliv. (H.selagosubsp.arctica (Grossh. ex Tolm.) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve & D.L\u00f6ve, Lycopodiumselagosubsp.arcticum Grossh. ex Tolm.), Fig. 69.1265, -105.4638) west of Cambridge Bay (image! BAB and JMS); a voucher from this locality is needed. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic known from Baffin, Coats, Devon, Ellesmere, Melville, Prince Patrick, Somerset and Southampton islands and mainland sites  Bernh. ex. Schrank & Mart. follows H.selago s.l. as occurring in the Canadian Arctic, despite numerous records from the region known prior to their treatment.Previously recorded from Ulukhaktok . Thannhend sites . RecogniNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Edlund 476, 745 (CAN), Porsild 17234, 17235 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0432 (BABY). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7958 . Mukta [?] L.: Hainault 2124 (DAO).EquisetalesEquisetaceae [1/3]Equisetum L. [3]Equisetum [adapted from Porsild and Cody (1980) and Hauke (1993)]:Key to Equisetumarvense subsp. alpestre (Wahlenb.) Sch\u00f6nsw. & Elven, Figs Inl. , Mt. Pelly, inland from the head of Prince Albert S., Ulukhaktok  and Walker B. (Porsild obs.)  . Thannhemainland  and the mainland . The appmainland , assuminInl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Edlund 576 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9576 , 9601 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9797 , 9814 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 136 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10051 , 10109 , 10181, 10226 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 174 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 481, 829 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Edlund & Argus 12863 (CAN), Stephens 1100 . Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7719, 7757 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2140 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-141, VI-203K (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7935 , 7961 , 8107 . TPOvayok : Stephens 1066 , 1109 (KANU), 1174 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund & Argus 12812 (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0395 (BABY), 14-0540 (CAN).Equisetumscirpoides Michx., Fig. Inl., where the species grew in a snowbed community at the base of a north-facing cliff above a lake, and the Kuujjua R. area, where it was gathered from the shore of a small round lake northeast of \u201cFish L.\u201d. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from scattered sites on southern Baffin, Banks, Coats, King William and Southampton islands (The only previous record (unconfirmed) for Victoria I. is from Johansen B. . Newly r islands  and the  islands .NORTHWEST TERRITORIES: Inl.Boot : Gillespie et al. 9616 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9773 (CAN).Equisetumvariegatum Schleich. subsp. variegatum, Figs Inl., Mt. Pelly, Namaycush L., Natkusiak P., the head of Prince Albert S. (Porsild obs.), Richard Collinson Inl., Storkerson P., Tahoe L. (Porsild obs.) and Ulukhaktok . C. Wollaston: Edlund 28 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 643 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9826 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 611, 78 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10073 , 9484 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 112, 160 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 175 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 753, 802 (CAN), Porsild 17796 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-260 (CAN). Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12723 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0558 , 13-0619 (ALA), Gillespie et al. 8499 (CAN), Gould s.n. (ALA), Polunin s.n. (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2062 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-133A (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 91, 129, s.n. (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8029 . Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Hainault 1842 (DAO). TPOvayok : Stephens 1066A, 1175 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 13 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 343 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7505 , Gillespie et al. 7688 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8260 (CAN), 8356 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 213, 285, 299 (CAN).Cystopteridaceae [1/1]Cystopteris Bernh. [1]Cystopterisfragilis (L.) Bernh., Figs Inl., Mt. Pelly, the head of Prince Albert S. (Porsild obs.), Richard Collinson Inl., Ulukhaktok, Walker B. and Washburn L. (Porsild obs.)  . Thannhemainland .Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9596 , 9608, 9639, 9690 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9820 , 9851 (CAN), 9990 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10216 , 10277 , Porsild 17351 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Stretton 193 (DAO). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 804, 844 (CAN), Porsild 17230 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1485 . Walker B.: Porsild 17479 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Jones & Hainault 3 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-046, VI-192, VI-285 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7962 , 8167 (CAN). TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8421 , Stephens 1171 (CAN), 1283 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7530 .Woodsia R.Br. [1]Woodsiaglabella R.Br., Figs Inl., Mt. Pelly, the head of Prince Albert S. (Porsild obs.), Ulukhaktok and Walker B. . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 9446, 10043 (CAN), Porsild 17352 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 720, 721, 758, 794 (CAN), Porsild 17232, 17233 (CAN). Walker B.: Porsild 17480 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Byron B.: Dushenko 24 (UVIC). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0200 , Washburn 12 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0426 (DAO), Hainault 1954 (DAO), Jones 2 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-047 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 99 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7902, 7931 (CAN), 8141 . Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Hainault 1838 (DAO). TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 7604 (CAN), 8423 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Stephens 1160, 1172 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7813 (CAN). South-central Victoria I.: Edlund & Argus 12875 (CAN).Dryopteris Adans. [1]Dryopterisfragrans (L.) Schott, Figs Previously recorded from Ulukhaktok and Ferguson L. . ThannheNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Bandringa 342 , Dutilly 18660 (MT), Edlund 843 (CAN), Porsild 17231 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1955 (DAO). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7901 , 7986 , 8024 , 8139 .AlismatalesTofieldiaceae [1/2]Tofieldia Hudson [2]Tofieldia : Bennett et al. 14-0429 (CAN), Hainault 2069, 2091 (DAO), Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7941b (CAN), 7959b , 8003 , 8128 . Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Jones & Hainault 7, 1844 (DAO). TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8432 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7469 (CAN), 7668 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8231 .Stuckenia B\u00f6rner [2]Stuckenia Corallorhiza Gagnebin [1]Corallorhizatrifida Ch\u00e2tel., Fig. Known from a single collection we made in 2008 at Johansen B.; see details in NUNAVUT. Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8093 (CAN).Juncaceae [2/7/8]JuncaceaeKey to Juncus : Hainault 2012 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-230, VI-341B (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 66, 144 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7951 . TPOvayok : Bennett & Sullivan 13-0286 (chars). Namaycush L.: Edlund 126 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7689 (CAN), 7787 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1008 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8238 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 178, 295 (CAN). Washburn L.: Edlund & Argus 12795 (CAN), Oldenburg 46-2217 (CAN).Juncusleucochlamys V.J.Zinger ex V.I.Krecz. |  Hult\u00e9n), Figs Inl. and Ulukhaktok . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9860 (CAN), 9901 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 125 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10227 , Porsild 17377 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 359, 505, 799 (CAN), Porsild 17263 (CAN). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1438 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Edlund & Argus 12626 (CAN), Oldenburg 44-899 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8017 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8201 (CAN).Juncustriglumis subsp. albescens (Lange) Hult\u00e9n , Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Namaycush L., east of the head of Prince Albert S. and Ulukhaktok. Inl., Kuujjua R., the Greiner L. watershed, Oterkvik Pt. and Sinclair Cr. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, Baffin, Banks, Coats, Devon, Ellesmere, King William and Southampton islands and several mainland sites . C. Wollaston: Edlund 32, 64 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 652 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9859 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 163 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10032 , Porsild 17373 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bliss s.n. (ALTA), Edlund 358, 754, 800, 17261 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-69 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0261 , Gillespie et al. 8440 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Stephens 1035 . C. Peel: Edlund 2 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-231 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8015 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 177 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 35 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7788 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund & Argus 12822 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8336 (CAN).Luzula : Bennett et al. 14-0409 (UBC), Hainault 2074 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-279B, VI-282B (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7847 , 7903, 8028 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8207 , 8208 , 8202 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7680 , 7574 .Luzulanivalis (Laest.) Spreng. (L.arctica Blytt), Figs Inl., Namaycush L., Natkusiak P., Shaler Mts., Storkerson P. and Ulukhaktok . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9779 , 9979 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 161 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10013 , 9505 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 79 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2272 (CAN). Mts.Shaler : Edlund 542 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bliss s.n. (ALTA), Edlund 356, 477, 715 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-85, 45-1599 (CAN), Porsild 17265 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1478 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-335A (CAN). Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12711 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Oldenburg 44-927 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Stephens 1042 . Collinson P.: Edlund & Argus 12765 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2043 (DAO). Greely Haven: Fortier 93 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-274, VI-279C, VI-298, VI-298A (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 112, s.n. (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8172 , 8027 . TPOvayok : Gould s.n. (ALA). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8206 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 56 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8230 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 176 (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0392 .Luzulawahlenbergii Rupr., Fig. Known from a single collection we made in 2008 at Johansen B.; see NUNAVUT. Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8170 (CAN).Cyperaceae : Bennett et al. 14-0417 , Hainault 1929 (DAO), Jones & Hainault 1866 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-124C, VI-136, VI-149, VI-158, VI-190, VI-203C, VI-240, VI-329c (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 35, 104, 425 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7916 , 7906 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 203, 216, 248 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8190 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 34, 76, 137, 138 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7479 , 7545 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 100, 24, 93 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1007b (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8299 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 183, 281 (CAN). Tahoe L.: Porsild 17450 (CAN). Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA). Washburn L.: Edlund & Argus 12799 .Carex atrofusca Schkuhr, Figs Inl., Mt. Pelly, Tahiryuaq and Ulukhaktok , Gillespie et al. 9641 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 9487 , Porsild 17364 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9775 . Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 684 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 405 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 312, 490 , 725 (CAN), Porsild 17247 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-254A, VI-266 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0169 , Calder et al. 24156 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12670 , Gillespie et al. 8409 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Polunin s.n. , Ponomarenko VI-080C, VI-085, VI-089A (CAN), Porsild 21600 (CAN), Stephens 1039 , 968 , 1057, 1128 . Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 951 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2057 (DAO), Hainault & Jones 1869 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-100C, VI-100D, VI-100E, VI-130, VI-135a, VI-154A (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 146 (CAN). Jonnessee L.: Edlund & Argus 12779, 12780 (mixed with C.saxatilis), 12782 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7947 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 161, 225 (CAN). TPOvayok : Gould s.n. (ALA). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7478 , Gillespie et al. 7612 . Read I.: Ross 10 (ALTA). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8305 .Carexbicolor Bellardi ex All., Fig. Carexaquatilis fen surrounded by Dryasintegrifolia/Salixarctica tundra with Salixrichardsonii, Saxifragahirculus and Carexsimpliciuscula, and one from the Kuujjua R. area, collected in 1982. The latter specimen had been misidentified as Carexrariflora. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from southern Baffin, Coats and Nottingham islands and a few sites on mainland Nunavut and Northwest Territories . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0199 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8118 (CAN).Carexbigelowii Torr. ex Schwein. subsp. bigelowii, Fig. Pt. The Ferguson L. records were not previously determined to subspecies. This is a primarily eastern Arctic taxon recorded elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic from numerous mainland sites as well as Baffin, Devon, Ellesmere and Southampton islands (C.bigelowii from six sites and C.lugens from one (Richardson I.). We find the former taxon to be rare on Victoria I. and the latter to be common. It is possible that the taxon concepts in that paper were inadvertently mixed up.Newly recorded for Victoria Island, known from Cambridge Bay, Ferguson L., Johansen B. and Oterkvik  islands . It reac islands . ThannheNUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Polunin s.n. (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2077, 2134 (DAO). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7876 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7799 .Carexbigelowii subsp. lugens (Holm) T.V.Egorova , Fig. Inl., Johansen B., Mt. Lady Pelly, \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d, Oterkvik Pt., Read I., Sinclair Cr., Surrey L., Walker B. and Washburn L. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Banks I. and some mainland sites, reaching its known eastern limit on central mainland Nunavut (bigelowii on Victoria I.Previously known from Ulukhaktok and the head of Prince Albert S. . Thannhe Nunavut . This suInl. (head)NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Minto : Gillespie et al. 10269 , 10270 , 10282 . \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1373 (CAN). Prince Albert S.: Porsild 17436 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 910 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-83, 42-86, 45-1561 (CAN). Porsild 17248 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1474 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1415 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Oldenburg 44-905A, 44-961 (CAN), Saarela & Teeter 5284 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7952 , 8049 , 7845 . Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Jones & Hainault 34a (DAO). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7557 , 7784 , 7607 . Read I.: Oldenburg 42-494, 43-1005, 43-893, 43-971 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8308 , 8244 (CAN). Surrey L.: Edlund & Argus 12805 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2219 (CAN).Carexborealipolaris S.R.Zhang (Kobresiasibirica (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Boeckeler, K.hyperborea A.E.Porsild), Figs Inl. (conf.), Richardson I., Johansen B. (conf.), Hadley B. and Mt. Pelly. Newly recorded from Boot Inl., Greiner L., Kuujjua R., Murray Pt., Oterkvik Pt., Read I., Sinclair Cr. and Washburn L. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from scattered sites on mainland Nunavut and Northwest Territories . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9729 , 9782 , 9900 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10284 , 10297 . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 859 (CAN), Porsild 17260 , Saarela & Bull 1495 . Walker B.: Porsild 17487 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0188 , 13-0611 (CAN), Consaul & Gillespie 1127 (CAN), Dutilly & Duman 37110 (US), Edlund & Argus 12688 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8371 , Oldenburg 44-920 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Ponomarenko VI-086B, VI-090A (CAN), Porsild 21608 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2135 (DAO), Jones & Hainault 1863A (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-302 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7950 , 7840 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8205 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 109 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7556 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-986 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8229 . Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2221 (CAN).Carexcapillaris subsp. fuscidula (V.I.Krecz. ex T.V.Egorova) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve & D.L\u00f6ve, Fig. C.capillarissubsp.capillaris (probably including both subsp. fuscidula and C.krausei) from Johansen B. (conf.) and the head of Minto Inl. (conf.). Newly recorded from Boot Inl., Kuujjua R., Mt. Bumpus, Oterkvik Pt. and Sinclair Cr. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, Baffin, Banks, Ellesmere, Somerset and Southampton islands, scattered sites on mainland Nunavut and Northwest Territories, and northern Quebec and Labrador , Ulukhaktok  and Walker B. (Porsild obs.) . ThannheLabrador .Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9675 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9774 , 9946 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10240 , 10281 . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 313, 772, 815, 896 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0184 , Polunin s.n. (CAN), Stephens 1191 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7844 (CAN), 7987 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 284 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7571 , 7685 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8306a (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-888, 43-995 (CAN), Porsild 17187 (CAN).Carexchordorrhiza L.f., Fig. Previously recorded from Tahoe L., where collected in 1949, and a lake edge 1.6 km northeast of Cambridge Bay . Newly rNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Wollaston P.: Oldenburg 54-504A (MIN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Stephens 1279 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-122, VI-178A (CAN). Tahoe L.: Porsild 17449 (CAN).Carexfuliginosa subsp. misandra (R.Br.) Nyman (C.misandra R.Br.), Figs Inl., Natkusiak P., Namaycush L., N of a large lake in the Ekalluk River system about 90 km NNE of Cambridge Bay, Mt. Bumpus, Storkerson P., Tahiryuaq, Ulukhaktok and Walker B. , 9669 (CAN), 9676 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9726 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 91 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9488 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 78 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1372 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-239, 54-663 (UBC). Prince Albert S. (head): Weerstra 32, 33 (DAO). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2274 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 685 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 405 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bliss s.n. (ALTA), Edlund 487 , 728 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-84, 45-1570, 45-1574 (CAN), Porsild 17251, 17252 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1494 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1417, 45-1419, 45-1422 (CAN), Porsild 17483, 17484 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0354 . Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-255 (CAN). Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12718 (CAN). Byron B.: Dushenko 8 (UVIC). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 14-0321 (UBC), 13-0185 , Calder et al. 24167, 24168 (DAO), Gillespie et al. 8365 , Oldenburg 44-911, 44-913, 44-966 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Ponomarenko VI-080D, VI-086E, VI-095 (CAN), Porsild 21602 (DAO), Stephens 1185 , 997 (KSTC), 1043, 1044 , 1188 , Thomson s.n. (WIS), Washburn 4, 6, 27 (CAN). Ekalluk R.: Edlund & Argus 12741 (CAN). Eastern Victoria I.: Lee & Kittle s.n. (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0416 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-035A, VI-101b, VI-121, VI-131A, VI-151, VI-177, VI-238B (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 103, s.n. (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7943 , 8018 , 8171 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 224, 253 (CAN). TPOvayok : Bennett & Sullivan 13-0288 , Gillespie et al. 8425 , Stephens 1045 (KANU), 1129 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 133 (CAN), Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 105 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 311 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7606 , 7643 . Prince Albert S.: Weerstra 27 (DAO). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1011, 43-943 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8306b . Storkerson P.: Edlund 187 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2227 (CAN).Carexglacialis Mack., Fig. Mts. and Oterkvik Pt. At one site in the Kuujjua R. area, the species was common in dry, almost bare soil among bedrock-dominated tundra growing with Deschampsiabrevifolia, Dryasintegrifolia and Salixarctica, in an area dominated by sand dunes. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, Baffin, Coats, Ellesmere and Nottingham islands, and numerous mainland sites , 9978 . Prince Albert S.: Porsild 17365 (CAN). Mts.NUNAVUT. Colville : Gillespie et al. 7763 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7608 , 7675 .Carexglareosa Wahlenb. subsp. glareosa , Fig. C.amblyorhyncha (=C.marina)), where gathered in 1949 near the Hudson\u2019s Bay Post and not recorded in the area since, and Oterkvik Pt. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic known from Baffin, Coats, Devon, Ellesmere and Southampton (CAN 583988) islands and mainland sites . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Porsild 17464 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8020 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7683 .Carexkrausei Boeckeler (C.capillarissubsp.robustior (Lange) B\u00f6cher), Figs C.capillarissubsp.capillaris by Cr.\u201d, Boot Inl., Clouston B., Kuujjua R., the head of Minto Inl., Johansen B. and Oterkvik Pt. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, Baffin, Banks, Coats, Ellesmere and Southampton islands and mainland sites , 9675 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 647 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9977 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 623 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10157 , 10230 . Prince Albert S. (S): Edlund 534 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0653 (BABY). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7747 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7995 , 8114 , 7843 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7686 , 7710 (CAN).Carexmarina Dewey (C.amblyorhyncha V.I.Krecz.), Figs Inl. and Ulukhaktok  (Porsild 17466)  . Thannhed 17466)  apparentnd sites .Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9640 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9776 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 9504 , 10039 , 9491 , 10295 , Porsild 17366 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 489, 518 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-102, 42-68, 42-99C (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0204 , 14-0367 , 13-0565 (MICH), Gillespie et al. 8411 , Ponomarenko VI-088 (CAN), Stephens 1199 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2078 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-100B, VI-110, VI-135c, VI-178, VI-189A, VI-315 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7914 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8337 (CAN).Carexmaritima Gunnerus, Figs Inl., Mt. Pelly, Namaycush L., the head of Prince Albert S., Read I., Richard Collinson Inl. and Ulukhaktok . Kuujjua R.: Edlund 644 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9943 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 132, 176 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10228 , 10283 . Prince Albert S.: Porsild 17435 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 691 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 347, 457, 775 (CAN), Porsild 17250 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1457 . NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Edlund 12746 , Ponomarenko VI-336A (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0163 , Consaul & Gillespie 1120 (CAN), Edlund & Argus 12692 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8370, 8491 , Oldenburg 44-924 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Porsild 21601 (CAN), Stephens 1142 (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7750 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-035C, VI-291A (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 113 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7917 , 7908 , 8016 . TPOvayok : Stephens 1184 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8196 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 134, 135, 18, 31 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7613 . Read I.: Oldenburg 42-487, 42-492, 43-1009, 43-882, 43-884, 43-966 (CAN), Porsild 17188 (CAN).Carexmembranacea Hook., Figs Inl., Tahiryuaq and Ulukhaktok . C. Wollaston: Edlund 35, 51, 150 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 635 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9727 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 90, 133 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10036 , 10037 , 9493 , Porsild 17367 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-658 (UBC). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 382 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 676, 690 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 401 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 717, 908 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-71, 45-1575, 45-1580 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1481 , 1499 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1428, 45-1429, 45-1432B (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-268 (CAN). Byron B.: Dushenko (UVIC). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0181 , Calder et al. 24166 (DAO), Consaul & Gillespie 1107, 1126 (CAN), Edlund & Argus 12622 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8361 , Oldenburg 44-918, 44-959 (mixed with Carexsaxatilis) (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Ponomarenko VI-080B (CAN), Porsild 17465, 21514 (CAN), Stephens 1151 (CAN), Thomson s.n. (WIS). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 967 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2065, 2066 (DAO), Jones & Hainault 1862 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-100F, VI-101a, VI-110A, VI-110B, VI-110C, VI-125, VI-130b, VI-170, VI-225, VI-229, VI-241B, VI-295A, VI-323 (CAN). Johansen B.: Edlund & Argus 12781 , Gillespie et al. 7945 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 219 (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Jones & Hainault 34a (DAO). TPOvayok : Stephens 1162 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8204 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 32 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 332 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7555 , 7646 , 7791 . Read I.: Oldenburg 42-488, 43-1007, 43-889, 43-922, 43-944, 45-1578 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8300 . Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2223, 46-2224, 46-2228 (CAN).Carexmicroglochin Wahlenb., Fig. & Asian (C)Previously recorded from Ulukhaktok . ThannheNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Edlund 771, 822 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7751 (CAN), 7754 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8108 .Carexmyosuroides Vill. (Kobresiamyosuroides (Vill.) Fiori.), Figs Inl. [conf.]) for which he did not cite specimens, and noted observations of the species at Walker B. (conf.), the head of Prince Albert S. and Cambridge Bay. He subsequently mapped the species at all these sites . Burns L. (S): Edlund 74 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9723 , Dutilly 18818 (DAO). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 102 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9495 , 10156 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 170 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 682 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 561, 562 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 337, 432, 444, 469, 660, 770, 860 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1417 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1409 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12719 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0241 , Calder et al. 24211 (DAO), Dutilly 28096 (US), Edlund & Argus 12880 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8360 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Polunin s.n. , Porsild 21609 (CAN), Stephens 1106 . Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7742 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-145 (CAN), Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7835 , 8086 , 8147 , 7909 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 232, 42 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 42, 164 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7487 , 7547 , 7552 , 7618 , 7579 , 7581 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8303 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1010, 43-885, 43-891 (CAN), Porsild 17191 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2221 (CAN).Carexnardina Fr. (C.nardinavar.atriceps K\u00fck.), Fig. Inl., Falaise B., Ferguson L., Hadley B., Kuujjua R. and the head of Minto Inl. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Baffin, Banks, Devon, Ellesmere, Mansel, Melville, Nottingham and Southampton islands, as well as mainland sites . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9966 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10221 , 9506 , 9789 . Ulukhaktok: Svoboda 745004 . Walker B.: Porsild 17485 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 997 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0430 (BABY). Hadley B.: Edlund 81 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 274 (CAN).Carexpetricosa Dewey subsp. petricosa (Carexpetricosavar.petricosa), Figs & North America (NE)et al. (2007) based on the map in Inl., the head of Minto Inl. and Kuujjua R. At the last three sites this rhizomatous taxon grew in dry rocky tundra and slopes typically associated with Carexrupestris and Dryasintegrifolia. On the mainland this western taxon . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9722 , 9988 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10097 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1423 (CAN), Porsild 17486 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 1000 (ALA).Carexrariflora (Wahlenb.) Sm., Figs C.bicolor. Newly recorded from Boot Inl., Ferguson L., Kuujjua R., Mt. Bumpus and Oterkvik Pt. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Baffin, Coats and Southampton islands and mainland sites . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9785 , 9944 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 517, 730, 759, 808 (CAN), Porsild 17253 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 14-0368 , 13-0238 , Edlund & Argus 12697 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8408 , Polunin s.n. , Stephens 1131 (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 948 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1870 (DAO). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7918 , 8112 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 249 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7650 .Carexrupestris All., Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Namaycush L., Natkusiak P., the head of Prince Albert S., Read I., Richard Collinson Inl., Storkerson P. and Ulukhaktok . C. Wollaston: Edlund 34, 44 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9721 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 65 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10222 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 110 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 560 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bandringa 312 , Dutilly 18655 (US), Edlund 339, 470, 716, 856 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-99E (CAN), Porsild 17254 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0187 , Calder et al. 24151 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12634 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8364 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Oldenburg 44-912 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Porsild 21604 (CAN), Stephens 1105 . Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7762 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2133 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-035B, VI-119A, VI-121C, VI-172b (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 30, 141 (2 sheets) (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7839 (CAN), 7989 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 236, 173, 272 (CAN). TPOvayok : Ponomarenko VI-284 (CAN), Stephens 1186 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 41, 122, 167 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7493 , 7509 , 7674 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 188 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-987 (CAN), Porsild 17189 (CAN).Carexsaxatilis L.  Kalela, C.physocarpa J.Presl & C.Presl), Figs Inl. and Tahiryuaq . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9784 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 9494 , 10034 , Porsild 17368 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Porsild 17437 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 402, 403, 404 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 491 (CAN). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1431 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0340 (UBC). Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-266b (CAN). Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12712 , 12726 . Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0251 , Calder et al. 24169 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12684 , Gillespie et al. 8362 , 8405 , Oldenburg 44-959 , Polunin s.n. , Ponomarenko VI-084 (CAN), Smith & Sweatman 34B , Stephens 1023, 1059 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2012, 2019 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-109, VI-124a, VI-166B, VI-176, VI-238, VI-241, VI-295B, VI-303 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 117 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8047 . Jonnessee L.: Edlund & Argus 12780 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 250 (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Hainault 1843 (DAO). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8245 , 8301 .Carexscirpoidea Michx. subsp. scirpoidea, Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Namaycush L., the head of Prince Albert S., Richard Collinson Inl. and Ulukhaktok , 9669 . C. Wollaston: Edlund 9, 68, 69 (CAN). Diamond Jenness P.: Edlund 633 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9780 , 9781 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 92 (2 sheets), 130 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9502 , 9503 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 400 . Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 171, 181 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bliss s.n. (ALTA), Edlund 311, 342, 726 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-56, 42-66, 45-1577 (CAN), Porsild 17255 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1498 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 46-2226 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0186 , Calder et al. 24152 (DAO), Consaul & Gillespie 1111 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8363 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Oldenburg 44-906, 44-915 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Ponomarenko VI-060, VI-080f (CAN), Porsild 17466 (CAN), Stephens 953 (ID), 999, 1001 (KSTC), 998 , 959, 1189, 1190 (CAN), Washburn 13 (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7743 . Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7764 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2139 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-172, VI-119B, VI-213, VI-225A, VI-239, VI-295 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 82, 98 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7834 , 8160 (CAN). \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 172, 282 (CAN). TPOvayok : Stephens 999, 1001 (KSTC). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8203 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 123, 124 (CAN), Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 106 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7470 , 7474 (CAN), 7502 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-481, 42-490, 45-1586 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8304 . \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0388 (UBC). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2222 (CAN).Carexsimpliciuscula subsp. subholarctica (T.V.Egorova) Saarela (Kobresiasimpliciusculasubsp.subholarctica T.V.Egorova), Figs Inl., Walker B. and Tahoe L. . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9728 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 9490 , Porsild 17372 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 406 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 338, 339 (CAN), 468, 831 , Oldenburg 42-99D, 45-1562 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1500 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1408 (CAN), Porsild 17488 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-251, VI-265 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0557 (CAN), 13-0562 , Gillespie et al. 8410 , Stephens 1132 (KSTC). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 947 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault & Jones 1863, 1867 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-100G, VI-114a, VI-135b, VI-152, VI-173, VI-235, VI-301 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7946 , 8019 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 283 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8209 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8343 (CAN). Tahoe L.: Porsild 17452 (CAN).Carexsubspathacea Wormsk., Figs Inl., Richard Collinson Inl., Storkerson P., Ulukhaktok and Read I. (Porsild obs.)  . Thannhend sites .NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9941 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10239 (CAN), Porsild 17369 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 692 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 348 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0271 , Edlund & Argus 12871 , Gillespie et al. 8379 , Polunin s.n. (CAN), Porsild 21605 (CAN), Stephens 1153, 1274 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 130, 315 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8113 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8192 , 8194 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7633 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 306 (CAN).Carexursina Dewey, Figs Inl., Read I. and Ulukhaktok , Gillespie et al. 9664 . C. Wollaston: Edlund 14 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9942 . Inl. (head)Minto : 10274 , 10238 , Porsild 17370 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Dutilly 18653 , Edlund 349 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1450 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 14-0302 (UBC), 13-0242 , Dutilly 28084 (US), Gillespie et al. 8484 , 8375 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Porsild 21606 (CAN), Scotter s.n. (ALTA). Collinson P.: Edlund & Argus 12757 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 313 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8021 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8198 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7619 , 7706 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 298 (CAN).Carexvaginata Tausch, Figs Inl., Falaise B., Ferguson L., Greiner L., Kuujjua R. and Sinclair Cr. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from southern Baffin, Banks and Southampton islands, and across the mainland , Ulukhaktok and southwestern Wollaston P. . Thannhemainland .Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9665 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9787 . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 488, 729 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-62, 45-1571 (CAN), Porsild 17828 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0191 , Consaul & Gillespie 1125 (CAN), Edlund 746 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8369 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Ponomarenko VI-086D, VI-089B, VI-090C (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 1001 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2064 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-034, VI-049, VI-100A, VI-101, VI-114b, VI-114c, VI-179, VI-236 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7877 , 7953 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8342 . Wollaston P. (SW): Edlund 522 (CAN).Eriophorum : Hainault 2076 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-180 (CAN). Kagloryuak R.: Edlund & Argus 12829 (CAN).Eriophorumcallitrix Cham., Figs Inl., Tahiryuaq, Tahoe L., Ulukhaktok and Washburn L. (Edlund & Argus 12829) mapped from east of the head of Prince Albert S. (E.brachyantherum. Inl. (conf.) and Surrey L. Newly recorded from \u201c30-Mile Cr.\u201d, Colville Mts., Greiner L., Kuujjua R., Oterkvik Pt. and \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Baffin, Banks, Devon, Somerset and Southampton islands and mainland sites , 9899 , 9772b . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 174 , Gillespie et al. 10103 , 10288 . Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 671 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 392 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 824 (CAN), Porsild 17257 , 17258 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0344 (CAN). Byron B.: Dushenko 15 (UVIC). Cambridge Bay: Stephens 1201 . Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7760 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-106 (CAN), Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 190, 269 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 168 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7477 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8247 . Tahoe L.: Porsild 17451 (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0403 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2230 (CAN), Porsild 17456 (CAN).Eriophorumrusseolum subsp. albidum (F.Nyl.) V\u00e4re (E.russeolumsubsp.leiocarpum M.S.Novos. nom. illeg.), Fig. Carexaquatilis\u2013Drepanocladus community. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Baffin, Banks and Bylot islands and mainland sites .Eriophorumscheuchzeri HoppeInl., Richardson I. and Johansen and Hadley B.The collections listed below have not been determined to subspecies and are not mapped. NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Bliss s.n. . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0220 , Bennett et al. 14-0310 (UBC), Smith & Sweatman 42 . Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA).Eriophorumscheuchzeri subsp. arcticum M.S.Novos., Figs Inl., C. Wollaston, Ferguson L., Greiner L., Hadley B., Johansen B., Mt. Bumpus, \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d, Oterkvik Pt. and Sinclair Cr. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, Baffin, Banks, Coast, Devon, Ellesmere, Mansel, Melville, Nottingham, Prince Charles, Prince Patrick, Resolution, Somerset and Southampton islands . C. Wollaston: Edlund 63 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 19798 (DAO), Gillespie et al. 9857 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10035b , 9861 . \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1374 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 388 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 498 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 32 (DAO). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Gillespie et al. 8407 , Polunin s.n. , Stephens 1036 , Sweatman & Smith 11A (DAO). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1976 (DAO), Jones 4 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-187, VI-318 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 65, 145 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7911 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 280 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 131, 136, 28 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7477 , 7554 , 7785 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8298 , Gillespie et al. 8246 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 189, 288, 293 (CAN).Eriophorumscheuchzeri Hoppe subsp. scheuchzeri, Fig. Inl., a site SE of the head of Prince Albert S., Richard Collinson Inl. and Storkerson P. NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Minto : Edlund 165 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : P. Jenness 11 (CAN), Stretton 211 (DAO). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Oldenburg 44-890B (CAN). Collinson P.: Edlund & Argus 12768 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 22 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 91 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 310 (CAN).Eriophorumtriste (Th.Fr.) Hada\u010d & \u00c1.L\u00f6ve (E.angustifoliumsubsp.triste (Th.Fr.) Hult\u00e9n), Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Namaycush L. and Ulukhaktok. Inl., Colville Mts., Ferguson L., Greiner L., Kuujjua R., Natkusiak P., \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d, the head of Prince Albert S., Storkerson P., Walker B., Washburn L. and Wollaston P. Widespread across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and across the mainland . Kuujjua R.: Edlund 641 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9772a . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 143 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9459 , Gillespie et al. 10287 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 158 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1376 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Bezener 45 (DAO), Weerstra 28, 29 (DAO). Ulukhaktok: Dutilly 18651 (US), Edlund 445 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-83A, 45-1587 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1505 , Svoboda 745027 (UBC), Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1442 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Porsild 21607 (CAN), Stephens 964 , 1183 , Washburn 14 (CAN). Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7759 . Eastern Victoria I.: Lee & Kittle s.n. (DAO). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 966 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1974, 2070, 2137 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-227 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 37, 102 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7944 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 189 (CAN). TPOvayok : Gould s.n. (ALA), Stephens 864 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 19, 55, 63 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7480 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8341 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 174 (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0402 . Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2231 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 659 (CAN).Eriophorumvaginatum L. subsp. vaginatum, Figs Inl., the north side of Prince Albert S. (Porsild obs.), Tahoe L. (Porsild obs.) and Ulukhaktok  Hult\u00e9n.Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay, \u201cLong L.\u201d, the head of Minto ukhaktok . Newly rnd sites . In the Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9547 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9768 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10033 , Porsild 17371 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 546 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Dutilly 18650 , Edlund 712 (CAN), Porsild 17259 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0301 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1957 (DAO). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7948 , 7949 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. .Poaceae : Ducruc s.n. (DAO), Hainault 2031 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-296, VI-306CAN). Hadley B.. Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7838 . TPOvayok : Gould s.n. (ALA). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8210 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 10, s.n. (CAN), Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 48, 61 (CAN), Roncato-Spencer 16 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 75, 126 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7568 , 7615 . Read I.: Oldenburg 42-483, 43-947 (CAN), Porsild 17186 (CAN), Ross 11 (ALTA). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8236 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 184, 212 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2188 (CAN).Anthoxanthum : Ducruc s.n. (QFA). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-186 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 127, s.n. (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7905 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8191 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 26, 127 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7614 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-903 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8307 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 235, 286, 303 (CAN).Anthoxanthummonticola subsp. alpinum (Sw. ex Willd.) Soreng  Roem. & Schult.), Fig. This acidophile was previously recorded from Cambridge Bay, Ulukhaktok and a site on south-central Victoria I. . We haveNUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Consaul & Gillespie 1135 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1953 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7985 , 7846 .Anthoxanthummonticola (Bigelow) Veldkamp subsp. monticola (A.monticolasubsp.orthanthum (T.J.S\u00f8rensen) G.C.Tucker, Hierochlo\u00eb orthantha T.J.S\u00f8rensen), Fig. Dryasintegrifolia\u2013Carexrupestris\u2013Cassiopetetragona dominated tundra over limestone morainal till modified with marble and some granite, associated with Salixarctica, Carexvaginata, C.fuliginosasubsp.misandra, Pediculariscapitata, and Vacciniumuliginosum. At the other site it was growing in a nutrient enriched crevice of a marbled limestone ridge, with Saxifragatricuspidata, Potentilla, Luzulaconfusa, Carexrupestris, Sabulinarubella, and Drabacinerea. This is a northeastern North American taxon that, aside from the collection reported here, which is a considerable range extension, reaches the eastern side of Hudson Bay , 14-0415 .Anthoxanthumnitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp subsp. nitens (Hierochloeodorata (L.) Wahlenb.), Fig. Anthoxanthumhirtum (syns. Hierochloehirta (Schrank) Borb\u00e1s, H.odoratasubsp.hirta (Schrank) Tzvelev) in their concept of A.nitens (syn. H.odorata), while others recognized them as distinct species . The Ulukhaktok record is far out of the typical range of the species.Recorded from Ulukhaktok by  species ; we follLabrador  and the NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Porsild 17240 (CAN).Arctagrostislatifolia (R.Br.) Griseb. subsp. latifolia, Figs Inl., N of a large lake in the Ekalluk River system about 90 km NNE of Cambridge Bay, Prince Albert S., Tahoe L., Ulukhaktok and Walker B. . Burns L. (S): Edlund 61b, 23, 95 (CAN). C. Wollaston: Edlund 56 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18814b , Gillespie et al. 9770 , 9983 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 172 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10268 , 9486 , 10289 , Porsild 17354 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1366 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 675 (CAN), Stretton 209, 210 (DAO). Ulukhaktok: Dutilly 18648 , Edlund 340, 367A, 472, 473, 826, 870, 884 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-75, 45-1589 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1476 , Salokangas 25 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1449 (CAN), Porsild 17482 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0197 , Beschel 13480 (CAN), Edlund & Argus 12615, 12636, 12637 (CAN), Fortier 10 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8373 , 8402 , 8391 (CAN), Gould s.n. (ALA), Porsild 21584 (CAN), Oldenburg 44-884, 44-894, 44-896, 44-963 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Saarela 5301 (CAN), Smith & Sweatman 33 (CAN), Smith & Sweatman 35 (DAO), Stephens 1095 (CAN), Sutton 856 (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7741 . Ekalluk R.: Edlund & Argus 12740 (CAN), Lee & Kittle s.n. (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Ducruc s.n. (QFA), Hainault 1873 (DAO), 2087 . Greely Haven: Fortier 97 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-229A (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 68, 116, 123 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7875 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 195 (CAN). TPOvayok : Dutilly 28090 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 66 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 106, 161 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7544 , 7553 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1012, 43-1022, 43-948 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8302 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 177, 280, 346 (CAN), Stretton 227 (DAO). Washburn L.: Edlund & Argus 12793 (CAN), Oldenburg 46-2189, 46-2192, 46-2193 (CAN).Arctophilafulva (Trin.) Andersson (Colpodiumfulvum (Trin.) Griseb.), Figs Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay, Ferguson L., Kuujjua R., the head of Prince Albert S., Storkerson P. and Ulukhaktok . ThannhePt.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. SE of Armstrong : Edlund 588 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18805 , Edlund 628 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Porsild 17430 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 512, 515, 756 (CAN), Porsild 17237 (CAN). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1447 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-254 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0225 , Dutilly 37148 (QFA), Gillespie et al. 8419 , 8441 , Oldenburg 44-894, 44-951 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Porsild 21585 (CAN), Stephens 1125 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1931, 2015 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-188, VI-341A (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 66 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1021 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 291, 301 (CAN). Wollaston P.: Oldenburg 54-500 .Bromuspumpellianus Scribn., Fig. Inl. and along the Kazan R.  , 9542 (CAN), 9658 . Kuujjua R.: Edlund 663 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9717 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10015 , 10158 , Porsild 17355 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Edlund 446 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 284, 341, 486, 845, 852, 883 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 42 (DAO), Oldenburg 42-78 (CAN), Porsild 17238 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1475 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1450 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7740 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8115 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 233 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7665 , 7809 Calamagrostisstricta subsp. groenlandica (Schrank) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve (C.neglectasubsp.groenlandica (Schrank) Matuszk., C.strictasubsp.stricta s.l.), Figs Arctousrubra, Astragalusalpinus, Dryasintegrifolia and Physariaarctica. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Baffin, Banks, Melville and Prince Patrick islands . NUNAVUT. Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8052 , 7996 , 8053 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-898, 43-938, 43-1020 (mixed with Trisetumspicatum) (CAN).Deschampsia : Jones 6 (DAO). Hadley B.: Edlund 132, 235, 316, 332 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 38, 141, 143 (CAN), Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 50, 70 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 111, 122 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7610 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund & Argus 12821 (CAN), Edlund 101 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8309 .Deschampsiacespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. cespitosa, Fig. Dryas tundra on silty clay terraces.Newly recorded for Victoria I. and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The specimen was gathered at the NW end of Washburn L., growing in NUNAVUT. Washburn L.: Edlund & Argus 12796 (CAN).Deschampsiasukatschewii (Popl.) Roshev. (D.pumila (Griseb.) Ostenf., nom. illeg.), Figs Newly recorded for Victoria I. where known from a single collection. We collected the taxon along the base of cliffs on the south shore of \u201cFish L.\u201d on the lower Kuujjua R., where it grew in a hummocky, moderately well-drained meadow. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago recorded from Banks, Baffin, Devon, Ellesmere, Prince Charles and Prince Patrick islands and a few mainland sites . This spNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9903 Dupontiafisheri R.Br. (D.fisherisubsp.psilosantha (Rupr.) Hult\u00e9n), Fig. Inl., Storkerson P. and Ulukhaktok . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9769 , 9939 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 149 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10041 , 10271 , Porsild 17356, 17357 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 687 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 234, 304, 512A, 513, 514, 653, 765, 898 (CAN), Porsild 17239 (CAN), Ross 21 (ALTA), Saarela & Bull 1447 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1445, 45-1446 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-250 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0222 , 13-0664 (CAN), Boulva 65-41 (QFA), Calder et al. 24192 (DAO), Consaul & Gillespie 1114 (CAN), Edlund & Argus 12616 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8372 , Oldenburg 44-896, 44-963 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Porsild 21586 (CAN), Saarela & Teeter 5282 (CAN), Stephens 1138, 1159, 1200 (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7749 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2004 (DAO), 2016 (UAC). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-107, VI-140B, VI-147, VI-185, VI-203D, VI-293 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 67 , 321 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8014 , 8110 . TPOvayok : Gould s.n. (ALA). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8193 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 132 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7679 , 7617 (CAN), 7684 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-482, 43-1026, 43-1027 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8235 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 172 , Edlund 302, 348 (CAN). Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2193 (CAN).Elymus : Bennett et al. 14-0425b (od), Hainault 1960, 2141 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-277 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 62, 138, 154 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7833 , 7956 , 8075 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 281, 422 (CAN). TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8435 , Stephens 1187 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8212 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 15, 16 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7621 , 7546, 7580, 7642 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 88, 103 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-481A, 43-1017, 43-1018, 43-1018A, 43-902 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8223 , 8243 , Gillespie et al. 8249 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 204, 339 (CAN). Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA).Festucabrachyphylla Schult. & Schult.f. subsp. brachyphylla, Fig. Inl., the head of Prince Albert S. (Porsild obs.), Read I. (Porsild obs.), and Ulukhaktok . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10095a . Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 168 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 855 (CAN), Oldenburg 45-1593 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1468 . NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-338, VI-335B (CAN). Byron B.: Dushenko 13 (UVIC). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0213 (chars), Edlund & Argus 12644 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8456 , Polunin s.n. (CAN), Ponomarenko VI-077 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0425a (UBC). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-161A (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7832 , 7988 , 8083 , 8161 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8233 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7584 , 7639 , 7681 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8228 , 8347 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 194 (CAN). Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA).Festucahyperborea Holmen ex Fred., Figs Inl., Richardson I. and Ulukhaktok; the Richardson I. record, if confirmed, would be the southernmost record in the western Canadian Arctic. Dryasintegrifolia and Oxyriadigyna. These collections and the one from the Namaycush L. area close a distribution gap between southern Banks I. and Steffanson I., from which numerous occurrences are known , Gillespie et al. 9863 , 9952 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Namaycush L.: Edlund 36a (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 175 (CAN).Festucarubra subsp. arctica (Hack.) Govor.  Hult\u00e9n), Figs F.rubravar.arenaria (Osbeck) Fr. (a non-Arctic taxon) (F.rubra L. (F.rubrasubsp.richardsonii (Inl. (conf.), Mt. Pelly, Richardson I. and Surrey L. Newly recorded from Boot Inl., Byron B., Kuujjua R., Murray Pt., Namaycush L., Oterkvik Pt. and Read I. The single site known in the Cambridge Bay area is west of the hamlet in the hills above Long Pt., where the species grew on a calcareous kame in Dryasintegrifolia\u2013Salixarctica tundra with Potentilla (sect.Rubricaules), Poaarctica, P.glauca, Saxifragatricuspidata and Oxytropisarctica. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic known from Banks and Melville islands as well as mainland sites from Yukon to northern Quebec  , 1964, Frubra L.  and F.rardsonii . Thannhen Quebec .Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9653 , 9652 . Kuujjua R.: Edlund 656 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9938 , 9913 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10223 . Prince Albert S. (head): Porsild 17431 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 342, 479, 493, 768, 871, 886, 900, 901, 367B, 789B (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1443 . NUNAVUT. Byron B.: Edlund & Argus 12849 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0311 . Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7744 , Saarela & Teeter 5297 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7837 , 7885 , 7884 (CAN), 8117 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8197 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 36b, 39, 140, 165 (CAN), Edlund & Argus 12843 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7631 , 7655 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1014, 43-949 (CAN).Festucarubra L. subsp. rubra, Fig. Descurainiasophioides, Poapratensissubsp.pratensis and Loliumperenne; the three grasses were almost certainly seeded. Persistence of the species at the site beyond 2017 requires confirmation. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic known from a few other sites, including Iqaluit and Clyde R. on Baffin I., Eglinton I. (needs confirmation) and scattered mainland sites .Leymusmollis subsp. villosissimus (Scribn.) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve & D.L\u00f6ve (Elymusarenariussubsp.villosissimus (Scribn.) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve), Figs Inl., the north side of Prince Albert S., Read I.  and Ulukhaktok , the head of Minto ukhaktok . Thannhemainland .Pt.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Berkeley : Stretton 87 (DAO). Inl.Boot : Gillespie et al. 9643 . C. Wollaston: Edlund 15 (CAN). Freshwater Bay: Stretton 76 (DAO). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18832 , Gillespie et al. 9937 , 9912 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 173 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10232 , 10267 , Porsild 17358 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Stretton 44 (DAO). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 303, 784 (CAN), Pokiak 35 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1466 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1453 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12701 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0564 , 13-0231 , Gillespie et al. 8461 , Stephens 1255 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1986 (DAO). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8013 , 8098 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8189 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7611 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1033, 43-884, 43-894, 43-921, 43-952 (CAN).Loliumperenne L., Figs Descurainiasophioides, Festucarubrasubsp.rubra and Poapratensissubsp.pratensis; the three grasses were almost certainly seeded. Persistence of the species at the site beyond 2017 requires confirmation. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago known only from Iqaluit, where it was seeded Phippsiaalgida (Sol.) R.Br., Fig. Inl., Namaycush L., the head of Prince Albert S., Storkerson P. and Ulukhaktok. Previously recorded from the head of Minto NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9895 , 10001 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10285 (CAN), Porsild 17359 (CAN). Prince Albert S.: Porsild 17433 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 801 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0337 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8126 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 108 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-890 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 242 (CAN).Pleuropogonsabinei R.Br., Figs Inl. and a site (\u201cJackpot L.\u201d) 60 miles east thereof, Richard Collinson Inl. and Storkerson P. . Inl.Boot : Gillespie et al. 9674 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 115 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10231 , Porsild 17360, 17501 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 693 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0179 , Porsild 21589 (CAN), Stephens 1062 (CAN), 1103 (KSTC), 1169 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Edlund & Argus 12772 (CAN), Hainault 1994 (DAO). Natkusiak P.: Gould s.n. (ALA). Storkerson P.: Edlund 190, 242, 290 (CAN).Poa : Hainault 2003 , Jones & Hainault 2054 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-116, VI-243, VI-273, VI-279A, VI-320 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 139 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7972 , 7842 , 7954-1 , 7954-2 (CAN), 7578 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7596 , 7802 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1015, 43-1016, 43-1156, 43-896, 43-942 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8248 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 229 (CAN).Poaarctica subsp. caespitans Simmons ex Nannf., Fig. Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay and Ulukhaktok . ThannheNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9906 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 812 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1430 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Calder et al. 24153, 24202 (DAO), Gillespie 5843 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8497 , Gillespie & Consaul 6316 , Stephens 1094 , 1152 , Washburn 31 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2073 (DAO). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7922 . South-central Victoria I.: Edlund & Argus 12874 (CAN).Poaglauca Vahl subsp. glauca, Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Namaycush L., the north side of Prince Albert S., Ulukhaktok and Wollaston P. , Gillespie et al. 9560 . Burns L. (S): Edlund 567 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18809 , 18811 , 18812 (QFA), Gillespie et al. 9724 , 9751 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9964 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 100, 116, 627 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10011 , 9500, 10023 (CAN), Porsild 17362 . Prince Albert S. (N): Edlund 442, 443 (CAN), Edlund & Argus 12808 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 882, 902, 906 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 51 (DAO), Saarela & Bull 1459 , 1428 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1456 (CAN). Wollaston P.: Oldenburg 54-203, 54-503 (MIN). NUNAVUT. Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12706 . Cambridge Bay: Bennett 14-0305 , 13-0237 (BABY), Dutilly 28091 , 28093 , Edlund & Argus 12617 , 12635 , Gillespie 5821, 5822, 5823, 5831, 5834, 5841 (CAN), Oldenburg 44-887 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Porsild 21591, 21592 (CAN), Smith & Sweatman 35, 37 . Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7735a . Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7781-1 , 7781-2 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2041, 2081, 2128 , 2018 (UAC). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-159 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 25 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8149 (ALTA), 7841 , 7915 , 8082 , 8149-2 , 7990 , 7841-2 , 8105-1 , 8105-2 (CAN), 8149-1 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 166, 239, 270 (CAN). Mount Pelly: Ponomarenko VI-337A (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 28 (CAN), Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 67, 68, 72, 73 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7595 , 7662 , 7632 , 7532-1 (CAN), 7532-2 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8351 . Wollaston P.: Johansen & D. Jenness 402 (CAN).Poahartzii Gand. subsp. hartzii, Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Murray Pt., Oterkvik Pt., Read I. and \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d Pseudoviviparous plants are here included in subsp. hartzii instead of treated as subsp. vrangelica , as recently recognized , Banks, Cornwallis, Devon and Melville islands, and scattered sites along the mainland Northwest Territories coast and northern Quebec NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Minto : Gillespie et al. 10078 , 10245 (CAN), 10299 . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 904 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1416 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Edlund & Argus 12696 (CAN), Gillespie 5824, 5832, 5832, 5833, 5849 (CAN), Gillespie & Consaul 6323, 6333, 6338, 6351, 6319 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8392 , 8495 , Polunin s.n. , Stephens 1084 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-245, VI-197 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 338, 328 [pseudoviviparous form] (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8148-6 (MT), 7841-1 , 8148-1 , 8148-2 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 169 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8197 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Argus 12844 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7616a (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1013, 43-897, 43-949b (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0681 (US). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 402, 407 [pseudoviviparous form] (CAN).Poapratensis subsp. alpigena (Lindm.) Hiitonen , Fig. Inl., southeast of the head of Prince Albert S. and Ulukhaktok : Edlund 566, 62a (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18806 (QFA), Gillespie et al. 9858 , 9915 , 9965 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 98 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10152 , 10147 , 10121 , 10093b . Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-243A (MIN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 88, 789, 810, 872 (CAN), Oldenburg 45-1596 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1460 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0219 (US), 13-0164 , Calder et al. 24194 (DAO), Dutilly 37129 (QFA), Edlund & Argus 12640, 12690, 12695 (CAN), Oldenburg 44-935 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Smith & Sweatman 35 , 38 (DAO), Stephens 1101 (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7725 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2003 , 2052 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-045, VI-071, VI-161, VI-331 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 52, 111, 153 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7883, 8067, 8150 , 7955-2 , 8090 . TPOvayok : Gould s.n. (ALA). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 98 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7789 , 7564 , 7575 , 7583 , 7673 (CAN), 7798 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 104 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-485, 43-988 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8346 .Poapratensis subsp. colpodea (Th.Fr.) Tzvelev  Schol.), Fig. Inl. and later mapped these unvouchered records ( records . Aiken e records .NUNAVUT. Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-297 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 29 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 207, 245 (CAN). Washburn L.: Edlund & Argus 12794 (CAN).Poapratensis L. subsp. pratensis, Fig. Descurainiasophioides, Festucarubrasubsp.rubra and Loliumperenne; the three grasses were almost certainly seeded. Persistence of the species at the site beyond 2017 requires confirmation.Newly recorded from Cambridge Bay, the first record for Victoria I. and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. This non-native taxon was found growing in highly disturbed ground in the hamlet in 2017 with NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Saarela & Teeter 5299 (CAN).Puccinellia : Hainault 2127 (UAC). Hadley B.: Edlund 119 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8023, 8138a (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8220 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7635 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1028 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 296 (CAN).Puccinelliatenella subsp. langeana (Berlin) Tzvelev, Fig. Inl. and Johansen B., areas where we also made collections. Newly recorded from Boot Inl., Kuujjua R., Cambridge Bay, Clouston B., Murray Pt. and Oterkvik Pt. These records close a conspicuous gap between the few known sites on Banks I. and the adjacent mainland . A littoral species occurring above the high tide line. In Northwest Territories the species is given a status rank of Undetermined . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9975 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10198, 10236, (CAN), 10233 . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 894, 903 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Gillespie et al. 8468, 8486 (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7728a, 7728b (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8022a (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8222b, c (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7707 .Puccinelliavaginata (Lange) Fernald & Welsh, Fig. Inl., Murray Pt. and Storkerson P. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Baffin, Bylot, Devon, Ellesmere and Southampton islands and scattered mainland sites . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10244, 10273 . Prince Albert S. (head): Porsild 17434 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0284a , Edlund & Argus 12653 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8221 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 226 (CAN).Puccinelliavahliana (Liebm.) Scribn. & Merr (Colpodiumvahlianum (Liebm.) Nevski), Fig. Inl. and east of Namaycush L. Inl. Newly recorded from Natkusiak P., \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d and Storkerson P. Widespread throughout the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and known from scattered sites on the mainland . \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1367 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Porsild 17244 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Edlund & Argus 12881 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8444 , 8467 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Stephens 1073 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 317, 375 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 206, 278 (CAN).Trisetumspicatum (L.) K.Richt., Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Namaycush L., southeast of the head of Prince Albert S., Read I., Ulukhaktok and Wollaston P.  Barber\u00e1, Quintanar, Soreng & P.M.Peterson, in light of polyphyly of Trisetum Pers. , Gillespie et al. 9539 . Burns L. (S): Edlund 563 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18814 (DAO), Gillespie et al. 9948 , 9862 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 97, 613 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10092 , 10010 , 10146 , Porsild 17363 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2275 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 833 (CAN), Porsild 17246 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1458 . Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0357 (BABY). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0279 , Edlund & Argus 12693 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8390 , Polunin s.n. (CAN), Stephens 1256 . Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7734 . Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7779 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-209, VI-276 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 50 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7836 , 8091 (CAN), 8140 , 8151 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 231, 232, 256 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 40 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7808 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 102 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1020 , 43-895 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8350 . Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 350a .RanunculalesRanunculaceae [6/13]Ranunculaceae:Key to Anemoneparviflora Michx., Figs Inl., south of Burns L., Cambridge Bay (known only from Augustus Hills and the hills above Long Point), the head of Minto Inl., Mt. Pelly, south side of Prince Albert S., Wollaston P. and Ulukhaktok , Gillespie et al. 9597 , 9620 . Burns L. (S): Edlund 555 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9830 , 9891 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 74 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10136 , Porsild 17389 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (S): Edlund 532, 536 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 834 (CAN), Porsild 17287 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0305 , Edlund & Argus 12856 . Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7765 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8100 , 8166 . Kugaluk R.: Edlund & Nixon 206 (CAN). TPOvayok : Stephens 1161 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7661 , 7807 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8297 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 653 (CAN).Anemonastrumrichardsonii (Hook.) Mosyakin (Anemonerichardsonii Hook.)\u2013Richardson\u2019s anemone | Asian (NE)\u2013amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Anemoneparviflora. We accept the record on Porsild\u2019s authority. This record was not mapped in A.parviflora .Calthapalustris subsp. radicans (T.F.Forst.) Hook., Figs Inl. (Porsild obs.), Storkerson P. and Ulukhaktok (Porsild obs.)  . Thannhedson Bay .Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0364 . Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0161 , Calder et al. 24175 (DAO), Hainault 3214 (DAO), Oldenburg 44-922 (CAN), Porsild 21616 (CAN), Stephens 961 , Sweatman & Smith 14 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Edlund & Argus 12771 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-141A, VI-203 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 323 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 374 (CAN).Halerpestescymbalaria (Pursh) Greene  Britton, Ranunculuscymbalaria Pursh), Fig. Pt. At Johansen B., this species grew along the coast on a narrow stony shoreline in the beach to tundra transition zone, with Symphyotrichumpygmaeum and the typical seashore species Potentillaanserina and Tripleurospermummaritimum. At Oterkvik Pt. it grew in cracks in rock near the coast within the salt spray zone. The Victoria I. populations mark the northern limit of its distribution in Canada. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from scattered mainland sites , Porsild 17288 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8005 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7682 , 7705 (CAN).Pulsatillanuttalliana (DC.) Berchtold ex J.Presl (Anemonepatenssubsp.multifida Hult\u00e9n), Fig. Known on Victoria I. only from \u201cLong L.\u201d . ElsewheNUNAVUT. \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. (CAN)  L.D.Benson, R.pedatifidusvar.leiocarpus (Trautv.) Fernald), Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Mt. Pelly, the head and southeast of the head of Prince Albert S., Richard Collinson Inl., Ulukhaktok and Wollaston P. : Edlund 53, 559 (CAN). C. Wollaston: Edlund 55 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9876 , 9926 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 50 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10112 , 10139 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 156 (CAN), Porsild 17441 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 605, 701, 706 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 508, 816 (CAN), Oldenburg 45-1661 , Saarela & Bull 1453 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1533A . Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0347 (UBC). Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0223 , Edlund & Argus 12857 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8457 , Ponomarenko VI-307 (CAN), Stephens 1098 , 1262 , 976 . C. Colborne: Edlund & Argus 12734 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1901 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-120, VI-146 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 80 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7816 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 255 (CAN). TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8429 , Stephens 1163 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7535 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 84 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 654 (CAN).Ranunculuscodyanus B.Boivin, Fig. Ranunculussect.Batrachium from a global perspective. Plants now recognized as this taxon were previously treated under R.aquatilisvar.diffusus With., R.aquatilisvar.eradicatus Laest. and R.subrigidus W.G.Drew.Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay  and newlNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Edlund 510, 817 (CAN), 820 , Oldenburg 45-1660 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Edlund & Argus 12879 (CAN), Stephens 1055 , 1097 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 169 (CAN).Ranunculusgmelinii DC. subsp. gmelinii, Figs Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay, Ferguson L., Namaycush L., the head of Prince Albert S. and Ulukhaktok . ThannheNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9875 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Porsild 17440 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 760, 830 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Oldenburg 44-948B (CAN), Porsild 21617 (CAN), Stephens 1099 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Edlund & Argus 12776 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-203L (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8072 . TPOvayok : Bennett et al. 13-0296 , Stephens 1065 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 116 (CAN).Ranunculushyperboreus Rottb. subsp. hyperboreus, Figs Inl., Mt. Lady Pelly and Ulukhaktok NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Minto : Porsild 17390 (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Jones & Hainault s.n. (DAO). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 509, 511, 818, 821 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1449 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0265 , Edlund & Argus 12691 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8494 , 8501 , Oldenburg 44-948A (CAN), Saarela & Teeter 5286 (CAN), Stephens 1149 . Hadley B.: Edlund 322 (CAN).Ranunculusnivalis L., Figs Inl., Storkerson P. and Ulukhaktok (Inl. and Kuujjua R. A collection mapped in Edlund 558) from Burns L. has been redetermined as R.sabinei. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, Baffin, Banks, Bathurst, Bylot, Cameron, Devon, Digges, Eglinton, Ellef Ringnes, Ellesmere, Lougheed, Massey, Melville, Nottingham, Prince Patrick, Somerset, Southampton, Upper Savage and West Foxe islands and across the mainland . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9757, 9999 (CAN), 9816 . Inl. (head)Minto : Porsild 17391 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 724, 837 (CAN), Porsild 17289 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0306 , Edlund & Argus 12872 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2002 (DAO). Storkerson P.: Edlund 284 (CAN).Ranunculuspygmaeus Wahlenb., Fig. Inl. , Cambridge Bay, Ulukhaktok and an unnamed lake ca. 60 mi. N of Cambridge Bay . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 805, 836 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0334 (BABY). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0307 , Polunin s.n. (CAN), Stephens 1181 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1995 (DAO). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8096, 8133 (CAN). Unnamed lake ca. 60 mi. N of Cambridge Bay: Porsild 17474 (CAN).Ranunculussabinei R.Br., Fig. Pt. (Previously recorded only from Peel Pt. . ThannhePt. .NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Burns L. (S): Edlund 558 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 102 (CAN). Pt.Peel : Edlund 427 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 191 (CAN).Ranunculussulphureus Sol., Fig. Known only from Storkerson P. . ElsewheNUNAVUT. Storkerson P.: Edlund 168, 247 (CAN).Papaver L. [4]Papaver proposed by Papaver, variously treated as P.radicatum Rottb. .Taxonomy is based on a revision of Arctic island material of m Rottb. , P.cornllisense  and Papaver spp.  have beePapavercornwallisense D.L\u00f6ve, Fig. P. Jenness 22) mapped from Richard Collinson Inl. in P.dahlianum, a taxon Porsild did not recognize. Recorded from Boot Inl., Falaise B., Greiner L., Greely Haven, Hadley B., Kuujjua R., the head of Minto Inl., Murray Pt., Namaycush L., Natkusiak P., \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d, Sinclair Cr., Storkerson P. and Walker B.A collection , 9692 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9840, 9950 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10090 , 10254 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 115 (cf.) (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1395 (CAN). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1506 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 972 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-043 (CAN). Greely Haven: Fortier 94 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 148 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8188 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 49 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8290 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 165 (CAN).Papaverdahlianum Nordh.  Elven), Fig. Inl., Cambridge Bay, Greiner L., Kuujjua R., Oterkvik Pt., Richard Collinson Inl., Storkerson Pen. and Ulukhaktok.Recorded from Boot Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9694 (CAN), 9708b . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9846, 9962 . Inl.Richard Collinson : P. Jenness 22 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Saarela & Bull 1465 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0233 (chars), Oldenburg 44-929 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-037 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7713 . Storkerson P.: P. Jenness 36 (CAN).Papaverhultenii Knaben, Figs P.radicatum in Inl., C. Wollaston, Hadley B., Johansen B., Kuujjua R., Murray Pt., Namaycush L., Oterkvik Pt. and Sinclair Cr. Although petals are typically yellow in the species, we encountered plants with orange petals at Sinclair Cr.Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9524a, 9693 (CAN). C. Wollaston: Edlund 48 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9828 , 9850, 9854b , 9854a, 9957 , 9931 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 120 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10008, 10257 , 10111 , Porsild 17392 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2279 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Porsild 17443 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bandringa 304 (CAN), Edlund 302, 752 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-30, 45-1546 (CAN), Ross 16 (ALTA), 16A (GH), Saarela & Bull 1456 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0272 (CHAR), Edlund & Argus 12661 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8394, 8481a, 8481b , 8454 (CAN), 8496 , Porsild 21618 (CAN), Smith & Sweatman 40 (CAN), Stephens 932 , Sweatman & Smith 25 (CAN), Washburn 39 (cf.) (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 55, 56 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7899, 8051 (CAN), 7969 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8211 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 120 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7624, 7641 , 7652 (CAN), 7697 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-904 (GH), 43-978 , Porsild 17200 (CAN), Ross 28A (GH), 28B . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8232, 8239, 8270, 8354 , 8296 , 8353 , 8357 .Papaverlapponicum (Tolm.) Nordh., Fig. Inl., Cambridge Bay, Kuujjua R., and the head of Prince Albert S. Subspecies , 9573 . Kuujjua R.: Edlund 626 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Gillespie et al. 8482 , Stephens 1203 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund & Argus 12806 (CAN).Saxifragaceae [3/15]Saxifragaceae : Bennett et al. 14-0422 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-030a (CAN).Micranthesnivalis (L.) Small , Figs Inl., Hadley B., Natkusiak P., Storkerson P. and Richard Collinson Inl. . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 594 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10054 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 104 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-688 . Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2281 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 544 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 719 (CAN), Porsild 17309 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0346 (BABY). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0308 , Oldenburg 44-933 , Polunin s.n. (CAN), Stephens 1276, 975 (CAN). C. Colborne: Edlund & Argus 12730 (CAN). Collinson P.: Edlund & Argus 12762 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0424 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-272 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 93, s.n. (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7828, 7975 (CAN), 8142 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 84 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 76 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8277 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 198 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2178 (CAN).Micranthestenuis (Wahlenb.) Small, Fig. Inl. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, Baffin, Bathurst, Cornwallis, Devon, Ellef Ringnes, Ellesmere, Lougheed, Melville, Prince Patrick, Southampton and Somerset islands and northern Quebec and Labrador . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10163, 10286 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 719, 875 (CAN).Saxifraga : Jones 17 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-048, VI-139, VI-140A, VI-155, VI-203H, VI-212 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 136, 20, 94 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8032 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 238 (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Jones 13a (DAO). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8177 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 105 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7539 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8284 . Read I.: Ross 16A (GH). Storkerson P.: Edlund 197 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2175 (CAN).Saxifragacespitosa L., Fig. Cr.\u201d, Boot Inl., south of Burns L., Greiner L., Kuujjua R., Murray Pt., \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d, Oterkvik Pt., Prince Albert P., Read I. and Sinclair Cr. Widespread across the Canadian Arctic islands, and across the mainland . Burns L. (S): Edlund 45 (CAN). C. Wollaston: Edlund 12, 120 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9866 (CAN), Stretton 51 (DAO). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1346A . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 111 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9841 (CAN), 10053 , 10160 (CAN), 10220 . Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-690 (GH). Prince Albert S. (head): Porsild 17444 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 876 (CAN), Oldenburg 45-1653 . Porsild 17308 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0338 (BABY). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0217 , Edlund & Argus 12645, 12665 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8450 , Oldenburg 44-934 , Polunin s.n. , Porsild 21633 (CAN), Stephens 1009, 1260, 1275 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-030 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 135, 63 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8176 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 81 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7626 , 7711 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 75 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1074 , 43-911 (CAN), Porsild 17201 (CAN), Ross 17A (GH). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8252 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 160 (CAN).Saxifragaflagellaris subsp. platysepala (Trautv.) A.E.Porsild, Fig. Previously recorded from \u201cJackpot L.\u201d, Natkusiak P. and Storkerson P . Newly rNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Jackpot L.: Porsild 17504 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 107 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1347A (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 220 (CAN), P. Jenness 34 (CAN).Saxifragahirculus L., Figs Inl. (Porsild obs.), the head of Prince Albert S., Richard Collinson Inl., Read I. (Porsild obs.), Storkerson P., Tahoe L. (Porsild obs.) and Ulukhaktok. Inl., Greiner L., Kuujjua R., \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d, Oterkvik Pt., Sinclair Cr., the south coast of Victoria I. north of Read I., Wollaston P.and two inland sites on Prince Albert P. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, Baffin, Banks, Bathurst, Bylot, Coats, Cornwallis, Devon, Digges, Ellesmere, Igloolik, Jenny Lind, King William, Melville, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Prince Patrick, Somerset and Southampton islands, and across the mainland . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9817 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 57, 591 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10104 , 10180 . \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1349 . Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg Oldenburg 54-256 (GH), 54-689 . Prince Albert S. (head): Porsild 17445 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 698 (CAN), P. Jenness 21 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 300 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-75b, 42-99a (CAN), 42-98, 45-1655 , Ross 20 (ALTA), 20A (GH). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1527A . Wollaston P.: Oldenburg 54-513 (GH). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-261 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0203 , Consaul & Gillespie 1122 (CAN), Edlund & Argus 12623 (CAN), Fortier 12 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8386 , Oldenburg 44-890 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Porsild 21634 (CAN), Stephens 948, 1194 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-124, VI-132, VI-140C, VI-184a, VI-203G (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 46, 125 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7994 (CAN). TPOvayok : Gould s.n. (ALA). Namaycush L.: Edlund 125 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7637, 7678 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8234 . S coast of Victoria I. N of Read I.: Ross 27 (ALTA), 27A (GH). Storkerson P.: Edlund 163, 239, 304 (CAN).Saxifragahyperborea R.Br., Fig. Inl., Murray Pt., Prince Albert P. and Washburn L. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Baffin, Banks, Prince of Wales, Somerset and most of the Queen Elizabeth islands and scattered mainland sites . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 10000, 9894, 9954 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10308 (CAN), Porsild 17403 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-254 (GH). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 796 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Edlund & Argus 12882 (CAN), Porsild 21635 (CAN), Stephens 1182 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8175 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 161, 237 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2176 Saxifragaoppositifolia L., Figs Inl. , the head of Prince Albert S., Read I., Ulukhaktok and Wollaston P. , Gillespie et al. 9682 . C. Wollaston: Edlund 13 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9763 , 9813 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 58 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10173 (CAN), 9482 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 99, 100, 101 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1348 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-255, 54-692 (GH). Prince Albert S. (head): Stretton 1 (DAO), Weerstra 31 (DAO). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2282 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 156, 188 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bandringa 315 (CAN), Edlund 293 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 1, 8 (DAO), Oldenburg 45-1649 , Ross 10A (GH), Saarela & Bull 1491 (CAN). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1526A (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0198 , 13-0566 (UBC), Calder et al. 24205 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12878 (CAN), Fortier 16 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8490 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Oldenburg 44-926 (CAN), Smith 1 (CAN), Stephens 833, 1192 (CAN), Washburn 40 (GH), 42 (CAN). E. Victoria I.: Lee & Kittle s.n. (CAN). Greely Haven: Fortier 96 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-221a, VI-224C (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 10, 85 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8025 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8213 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 3, s.n. (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 83 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7494 . Read I.: Oldenburg 42-518B, 43-1037, 43-1065 (CAN), Porsild 17202 (CAN), Ross 22A (GH). Storkerson P.: Edlund 162 (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0387 (BABY). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 390 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2174 (CAN).Saxifragarivularis subsp. arctolitoralis (Jurtzev & V.V.Petrovsky) M.H.J\u00f8rg. & Elven, Fig. Pt. New records from Cambridge Bay and Ulukhaktok are reported here. This subspecies differs from the eastern Arctic subsp. rivularis by having longer glandular hairs on the hypanthium (3\u20136 mm versus 1\u20132 mm in the latter). The collection from Cambridge Bay appears somewhat intermediate between the two subspecies with hypanthium hairs mostly sparse and 1\u20132 mm long, but with some longer to 4 mm. Subspecies arctolitoralis approaches S.hyperborea and, apart from the presence of stolons in the former , the two may be difficult to distinguish. Additional field collections with attention to presence of stolons are needed, as well as further study to better distinguish/resolve taxa in this species complex in the western Arctic islands. Subspecies were not recognized in previous Canadian Arctic floras relevant to the study area.First reported for Victoria I. by NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Oldenburg 45-1650 (CAN), Porsild 17310 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Oldenburg 44-939 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8174 .Saxifragatricuspidata Rottb., Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Namaycush L., Natkusiak P., Richard Collinson Inl. and Ulukhaktok . C. Wollaston: Edlund 11 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18773 (DAO), Gillespie et al. 9735 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 45, 592, 593 (CANJ), Gillespie et al. 10044 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 80 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-691 (UBC). Inl.Richard Collinson : P. Jenness 15 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 345 (CAN), Ross 17 (ALTA), 17A (GH), Oldenburg 42-11 , 45-1651 (CAN), 54-216 (GH), Saarela & Bull 1436 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1529A . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0162 , Calder et al. 24162 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12664 (CAN), Fortier 19 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8395 , Oldenburg 44-946 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Ponomarenko VI-078A (CAN), Stephens 954, 1193 (CAN), Washburn 32 (GH). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Jones 15 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-157, VI-274A (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 10, 92 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7868 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 230 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 114 (CAN), Edlund 166 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7529 . Read I.: Oldenburg 42-502, 43-1080, 43-907, 43-950 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8330 . Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2177 (CAN).Myriophyllum [1]Myriophyllumsibiricum Kom. , Figs Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay  and newlNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0291 , Gillespie et al. 8442 (CAN), Stephens 1280 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7912 .RosidsFabalesFabaceae [4/10]Fabaceae RosaceaeKey to Dryasintegrifolia Vahl subsp. integrifolia, Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Natkusiak P., Namaycush L., the north side of Prince Albert S., Richard Collinson Inl., Wollaston P. and Ulukhaktok . C. Wollaston: Edlund 30, 125 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9767 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 53 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9462 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 113, 213 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1393 . Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-252 (GH). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2288 (CAN), Stretton 38 (DAO). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 93, 155 (CAN), Stretton 206 (DAO). Ulukhaktok: Bliss s.n. (ALTA), Edlund 350, 351, 848, 849 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 10, 14, 41 (DAO), Oldenburg 42-70A, 45-1646, 44-947, 45-1530A (CAN), 42-23 , 54-214 , Porsild 17311 (CAN), Ross 15 (ALTA), 15A (GH), Saarela & Bull 1433 , Stretton 75 (DAO). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1530A (CAN). NUNAVUT. Byron B.: Dushenko (UVIC). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0618 (CAN), 13-0563 (BABY), 13-0246 , Edlund & Argus 12663 (CAN), Fortier 15 (CAN), Gibson 7076 , Gillespie et al. 8389 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Oldenburg 44-947 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Stephens 941, 1092 , Tasker s.n. (CAN), Washburn 33 (GH), 36 (CAN). Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7772 . Eastern Victoria I.: Lee & Kittle s.n. (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 965 (ALA). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-027, VI-131, VI-220, VI-234 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 60, 90 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7867 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 235 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 12, 30 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7464 , 7486 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1058, 43-1059 (CAN), Ross 2A (GH) . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8315 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 218 (CAN), P. Jenness 37 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2160 , 42-2161 (CAN). Wollaston P.: Johansen & D. Jenness 573 (CAN), Oldenburg 54-510 .Potentilla : Bennett et al. 14-0433b . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-278 (CAN). TPOvayok : Bennett & Sullivan 13-0287 .Potentillahyparctica Malte subsp. hyparctica, Fig. Newly recorded for Victoria I., from a single collection from the north side of Prince Albert S. collected by M. Oldenburg in 1946. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Banks, Baffin, Somerset and Southampton islands, nearly all of the Queen Elizabeth islands, northeastern mainland Nunavut, the Coppermine R. area, Nunavut, and northern Quebec .NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2290 .Potentillanivea L., Figs Dryasintegrifolia/Salixarctica tundra on limestone till of ancient beach ridges with Taraxacumphymatocarpum, Oxytropisarctica, Androsaceseptentrionalis, Papaverhultenii, Stellarialongipes, Cerastiumbeeringianum and Saxifragatricuspidata. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from NE Banks I., central to southern Baffin I. and across the mainland . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 334, 335 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-38 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0300 . C. Colborne: Edlund & Argus 12738 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7973a , 7974a .Potentillapedersenii (Rydb.) Rydb. (P.rubricaulis Lehm. pro parte), Fig. P.rubricaulis Lehm., which is now understood to have a much narrower circumscription and range . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10060, 10201b (CAN), 10062a, 10125 . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 734 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1424 , 1432 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1532A . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0273 . Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 980, 995 (ALA). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-115 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 275 (CAN). TPOvayok : Gould s.n. (ALA), Stephens 1177 , 1178 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 83 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2290 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1082 .Potentilla \u00d7prostrata Rottb., Fig. Pt. This taxon is considered to be a hybrid between P.arenosa and P.nivea. See Blouin 1, CAN 10069756) and northern Quebec and Labrador Potentillapulchella R.Br., Fig. Inl., Namaycush L., the north side and a site east of the head of Prince Albert S., Richard Collinson Inl., Storkerson P. and Ulukhaktok . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10196, 10250 , Porsild 17406 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1394 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Stretton 36 (DAO). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 183, 699 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 806 (CAN), Porsild 17314 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1435 , 1452 . Wollaston P.: Oldenburg 54-509 (GH). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0280 , Bennett et al. 13-0568 (BABY), Gillespie et al. 8385 , 8483 , Oldenburg 44-942 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Porsild 21636 (CAN), Stephens 1068 . Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 940 (ALA). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-041, VI-195, VI-206, VI-326 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 33, 59, 324 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8130 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8216 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Argus 12802 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7551 , 7620 , 7653 , 7695 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund & Argus 12823 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-480, 43-1081, 43-945 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 209, 233, 234 (CAN).Potentillasubgorodkovii Jurtzev (P.uniflora Ledeb. pro parte), Fig. Inl., Namaycush L., \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d, Ulukhaktok and Washburn L. This is one of two taxa treated here (the other is P.vulcanicola), following P.uniflora andmapped from Namaycush L., Ulukhaktok and northwestern Wollaston P. The P.uniflora records from Ulukhaktok and Namaycush L. have been redetermined as this species, and the one from Wollaston Land \u201d by Elven in 2009) is not included here because it is in poor condition and a reliable identification is not possible. Revision of material at CAN records the taxon elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic on northern Axel Heiberg, northern Baffin, Banks, Devon, Ellesmere, King William and Melville islands and mainland sites.Recorded from Kuujjua R., the head of Minto NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9715b . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10187, 10261b (CAN), 9471b . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 736 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-24, 42-38 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 113 (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0401 . Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2159 (cf.) .Potentillasubvahliana Jurtzev (P.vahliana Lehm. pro parte), Fig. P.vahliana (which has a more easterly distribution and is not known from Victoria I.) is this species; we have not seen the voucher for the other one, mapped from east-central Victoria I. P.vahliana from the head of Minto Inl. (conf.), Richardson I. and Cambridge Bay; vouchers require review. Newly recorded from Boot Inl., Read I. and Ulukhaktok. Based on revised material at CAN, following current taxonomy, elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, northern Baffin, Banks, Melville and Southampton islands and scattered mainland sites.The Sangraun Hills site mapped in Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9688 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10217, 10261a (CAN), 10259 . Sangraun Hills: Edlund 545 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 881 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 2 (DAO), Oldenburg 42-18 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Read I.: Oldenburg 43-918 (CAN).Potentillatikhomirovii Jurtzev, Fig. P.arenosasubsp.arenosa (P.sect.Nivea) and P.hyparctica (P.sect.Aurea), and may have multiple origins . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0276 , Smith & Sweatman 39 (DAO). C. Colborne: Edlund & Argus 12737 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7973a2 (BABY).Potentillauschakovii Jurtzev (P.rubricaulis Lehm. pro parte), Figs P.rubricaulis Lehm., which is now understood to have a much narrower circumscription and range  and some mainland sites in Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The general status rank of this species in Northwest Territories is Undetermined , 9535a, 9631 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9715 , 9831 , 9836, 9849 , 9987 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 89, 175 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10020a, 10061, 10062b, 10067 , 10072 , 9472, 10082, 10117, 10135 (CAN), 10089 , 10126, 10140, 10155 , Porsild 17407, 17408 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 124 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 153, 154 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 154 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bandringa 316 , Edlund 335b, 506, 734b, 735 (CAN), Porsild 17315 , Saarela & Bull 1424 (CAN). Walker B.: Porsild 17497 (CAN). Wollaston P. (NW): Porsild 17227 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-111 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7973b, 7974b , 8123 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 242 (CAN). TPOvayok : Gould s.n. (ALA). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7687, 7693 . Read I.: Porsild 17203 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 574 (CAN).Potentillavulcanicola Juz. (P.uniflora Ledeb. pro parte), Fig. P.uniflora, which was mapped only from Ulukhaktok, Namaycush L. and Wollaston P. (see comments under P.subgorodkovii). Revision of material at CAN by J.M. Saarela records the taxon from Axel Heiberg, Banks and Melville islands and the Fosheim P., Ellesmere I., as well some western mainland sites. There are also records from the Milne Inl. area of northern Baffin I. . In the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, We are aware of only a single record on Victoria I., from Ulukhaktok, which we were not able to confirm. NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Gray & Gibbard 47 .Rubuschamaemorus L., Fig. Known from a single collection gathered at \u201cLong L.\u201d . ElsewheNUNAVUT. \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. (CAN) , 9680 . C. Baring: Edlund 407 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9818 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10106 . Prince Albert S. (N): Edlund 520 (CAN). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1527B (CAN), Porsild 17498 (CAN).Betulaceae [1/1]Betula L. [1]Betulaglandulosa Michx., Figs Inl., \u201cLong L.\u201d, Murray Pt. and Ulukhaktok (Previously recorded from Boot ukhaktok . Thannheukhaktok .Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Edlund 577 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9623 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9744 , 9807 , 9819 . Ulukhaktok: Bliss s.n. (ALTA), Edlund 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 793 (CAN), Porsild 17274 . NUNAVUT. Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7855 , 7919 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. . Pt.Murray : Edlund 529 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7599 , 7805 .Celastraceae [1/1]Parnassia L. [1]Parnassiakotzebuei Cham. ex Spreng., Figs Inl., Clouston B., Johansen B. and Read I. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Banks I., southern Baffin I. and mainland sites NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Minto : Gillespie et al. 10221b . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund & Argus 12820 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7722 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8127 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-980 (CAN).Salicaceae [1/10/11]Salix L. [10/11]Salix  told him of a valley in which a grove of willows was growing. Not far from Minto Inl., on Victoria Island, he found them in a sheltered valley about a quarter mile long. He said they had grown to a height of 7 or 8 feet. \u2026\u201d. The tallest individuals we observed in 2010, at a site in a river valley ca. 5 km inland from Boot Inl. on the northeast side of a small lake, reached ca. 3 m in height. At this site the willows formed dense thickets along the cobblestone floodplain of a small river, often growing with Dryasintegrifolia. Edlund\u2019s collections gathered in 1982 along the same river valley record the plants as reaching 3\u20134 m high. A map in Inl.; Edlund did not voucher the additional populations observed and it is unclear from available information how common are the tree-sized stands. Photographs of a large stand of this willow along Boot Inlet, downstream from the stand we explored, are included in The willow thickets at Boot S.alaxensis, have not been documented by botanists.At Johansen B., the species grew along Mackenzie Creek. Further inland, about 1 km from its mouth, it grew along the edges of the rocky, sheltered canyon of the creek, with most plants 1\u20131.5 m in height. Closer to the mouth of the creek it formed dense thickets along the partly flooded riparian zone along the creek; at this site most plants were about 1 m tall, with several in the grove reaching 1.5 m in height. Tree-sized willows also occur in the interior portion of Victoria Island. At a site 29 km east of Namaycush L., labels of Edlund\u2019s collections  record the species growing up to 3 m. Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Edlund 570, 571, 572A (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9577 , 9578 . C. Wollaston: Edlund 26 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 531, 666 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9958 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 52, 131, 144, 153, 590 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10141 , 10183 , Porsild 17379, 17819 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 990 (ALA). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8134 , 8145 . Namaycush L.: Argus & Edlund 12834, 12836, 12837, 12838, 12839 (CAN).Salixarctica Pall., Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Mt. Pelly, Namaycush L., Natkusiak P., N of a large lake in the Ekalluk River system about 90 km NNE of Cambridge Bay, Peel Pt., north shore and head of Prince Albert S., Read I., Richard Collinson Inl., Storkerson P., Tahiryuaq, Ulukhaktok, Washburn L. and Wollaston P. , 9581 , 9612 . C. Wollaston: Edlund 4, 27 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 620, 668, 669 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9871, 9889, 9959, 9960 (CAN), 9872 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 77, 87, 139, 141, 142, 268 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10203 , 10204 , 9498 (CAN), 9499a , Porsild 17380 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 74 (CAN). Oldenburg L.: Oldenburg 45-1379 (MIN). Pt.Peel : Edlund 423 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-683, 54-685 (MIN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 381 (CAN), Shindman s.n. (DAO). Prince Albert S. (N): Edlund 2 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 198, 672, 695 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : P. Jenness 18 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 398, 399 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bandringa 307, 343 , Bliss s.n. , Edlund 329, 330, 331, 471, 495, 739 (CAN), Larsen s.n. (CAN), Pokiak 31 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-72 (MIN), Porsild 17272 (CAN), 17273 , Saarela & Bull 1411, 1412 , 1439 (CAN), Salokangas 22 . NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Argus & Edlund 12784 (CAN), Ponomarenko VI-263 (CAN). Anderson B.: Argus & Edlund 12702, 12724 (CAN). Byron B.: Dushenko 1 (UVIC). Pt.Cache : Larsen s.n. (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Argus & Edlund 12611, 12612, 12621, 12677, 12894 (CAN), Bennett et al. 13-0270 , Consaul & Gillespie 1137 (CAN), Argus & Edlund 12866 (CAN), Fortier 23 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8358 , 8505 , Polunin s.n. , Porsild 17467, 21610 (CAN), Saarela & Teeter 5290, 5300 (CAN), Stephens 1060, 1089 , 855, 872, 874, 1133 , 1271 , 828 (CAN), 850 , 873 (KSTC), Washburn 15, 18 (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7758 (CAN). Collinson P.: Argus & Edlund 12747, 12752 (CAN). Eastern Victoria I.: Lee & Kittle s.n. (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 953 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Argus & Edlund 12790 (CAN), Hainault 1936 , 2021 , 2024, 2025 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-127, VI-138, VI-203B, VI-218B, VI-237A (CAN). Greely Haven: Fortier 98 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 16, 105 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7910, 7927, 7928, 7982 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 203, 243, 244 (CAN). TPOvayok : Stephens 860, 861, 989 , 863, 867, 990 , 866 (KSTC). Namaycush L.: Argus & Edlund 12841, 12842 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7484 , 7512, 7521, 7522, 7651, 7806 (CAN), 7565 , 7566 , 7644 . Prince Albert S. (head): Argus & Edlund 12827 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-517 (MIN), Porsild 17192 (CAN), Ross 20A, 21A (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8266, 8271 , 8267 , 8268 (CAN), 8283 , 8349 . Ekalluk R.: Argus & Edlund 12742 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 217 (CAN), Schroder 1 (DAO). Tahoe L.: Porsild 17453 (CAN). Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA). Washburn L.: Argus & Edlund 12797 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-2168 (MIN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 404, 409, 408a (CAN), Oldenburg 54-511 (MIN). Wollaston P. (SW): Edlund 524 (CAN).Salixarctophila Cockerell ex A.Heller, Fig. Pt.; see Known from a single collection on Victoria I. from Oterkvik Pt.NUNAVUT. Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7511 .Salixglauca var. stipulata Flod. (S.glaucasubsp.stipulifera (Flod. ex Hayren) Hiit.), Figs Gillespie et al. 7856, 7857, 7858, 7859, 8038, 8039) to heights of 30 cm . At one site in the area, it grew on a northwest facing boulder slope, reaching one metre in height , forming a thicket with Salixrichardsonii. We also found the species on a pingo 23 km west of Johansen B. airstrip, where it reached 30 cm in height . In the Cambridge Bay area, known from two sites discovered in 1987: 1.5 km NNW of the Dew Line station, where plants are recorded as reaching 20\u201325 cm tall , and a site adjacent to the road on the NE side of the Dew Line Station, where a single plant reaching 25 cm tall was found (no. 12687).Previously recorded only from Cambridge Bay . Newly rNUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Argus & Edlund 12687, 12890, 12891, 12892, 12895, 12896 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7856 , 7857, 8038, 8156 (CAN), 7858, 7859, 7861, 7964, 7983, 8039, 8155 , 7860, 7965, 8154 , 7926 , 7984 .Salixniphoclada Rydb. (S.brachycarpasubsp.niphoclada (Rydb.) Argus), Fig. Inl., Kuujjua R., the head of Minto Inl., Mt. Bumpus, the north side and head of Prince Albert S., Richard Collinson Inl., Ulukhaktok and SW Wollaston P. . Kuujjua R.: Edlund 665, 667 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9886 , 9887 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10014 , 10290 (CAN), 10291 , Porsild 17381 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 373 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Edlund 372, 446 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 686 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 742, 846 (CAN), Porsild 17270 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7729 , 7730 . Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 973 (ALA). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7924, 8070 , 7925, 7930, 8158 , 7929 , 8071, 8157 (CAN), 8159 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 45, 240, 241 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7482 , 7528, 7541, 7658, 7794 (CAN), 7542, 7656 , 7795 . Prince Albert S. (head): Argus & Edlund 12809, 12810, 12811, 12826, 12828 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2170 (MIN). Wollaston P. (SW): Edlund 527, 528 (CAN).Salixovalifolia Trautv. var. ovalifolia, Fig. First record for Victoria I. and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Known from a single collection gathered at Ferguson L. (identification confirmed by G.W. Argus). Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from northern Yukon  and a reNUNAVUT. Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2022 (DAO)  and northern Quebec and Labrador  . Jackpot L.: Porsild 17502 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 10005 , 9759, 9852, 9852, 9991, 10006 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10255, 10256 (CAN), Porsild 17382 (CAN). Oldenburg L.: Oldenburg 45-1389 (MIN). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2277 (MIN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 395 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett & Sullivan 13-0295 , Polunin s.n. (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-081, VI-213a, VI-218, VI-282 (CAN). Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA). Unnamed lake ca. 60 mi. N of Cambridge Bay: Porsild 17473 (CAN).Salixreticulata L., Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Mt. Pelly, Natkusiak P., the head of Prince Albert S., Storkerson P. and Ulukhaktok. Inl., Kuujjua R., Oterkvik Pt. and Washburn L. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Air Force, Baffin, Banks, Bylot, Coats, Devon, Digges, Eglinton, Igloolik, King William, Nottingham, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Princess Royal, Resolution, Somerset and Southampton islands and across the mainland , 9583 . C. Wollaston: Edlund 52, 67 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9791 , 9792 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 138 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9499b . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 380 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bandringa 345 , Bliss s.n. (ALTA), Edlund 456, 502, 749 (CAN), Larsen s.n. (CAN), Oldenburg 45-1552 (MIN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-264 (CAN). Anderson B.: Argus & Edlund 12720 (CAN). Byron B.: Dushenko 3 (UVIC) . Cambridge Bay: Argus & Edlund 12620 (CAN), Bennett et al. 13-0245 , Consaul & Gillespie 1106 (CAN), Fortier 24 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8504 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Stephens 1087 (KANU). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1975 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-129, VI-203N, VI-237 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 31, 49, 142 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7862 , 7863 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 200 (CAN). TPOvayok : Argus & Edlund 12788 (CAN), Stephens 1164 , 869 (CAN), 991 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 312 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7475 , 7476, 7483 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 345 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2165 (MIN).Salixrichardsonii Hook. (S.lanatasubsp.richardsonii (Hook.) A.K.Skvortsov), Figs Inl., Cambridge Bay, Ferguson L., Jonnessee L., the head of Minto Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Mt. Lady Pelly, Mt. Pelly, N of a large lake in the Ekalluk River system about 90 km NNE of Cambridge Bay, the north side and east of the head of Prince Albert S., Richard Collinson Inl., Surrey L., Tahiryuaq, Ulukhaktok and Wollaston P. , Banks, Prince of Wales and Southampton islands and across the mainland to Hudson Bay , Gillespie et al. 9603 . Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18864 (DAO), Gillespie et al. 9800 (CAN), 9873, 9888 , 9874 , 9961 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 140, 276 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10110 (CAN), 10184 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 383 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Edlund 1 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 128, 199, 670, 673 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 396, 397 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bandringa 346 , Edlund 474, 737, 738, 763 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1503 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1490 (MIN). NUNAVUT. Anderson B.: Argus & Edlund 12725 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Argus & Edlund 12608, 12609, 12610, 12613, 12678, 12679, 12680, 12681, 12682, 12683, 12893 (CAN), Bennett et al. 13-0192 , Calder et al. 24204 (DAO), Consaul & Gillespie 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1138, 1139 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8500 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Porsild 21611 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Stephens 1086 (CAN), 1285 , 829, 871 , 849 . Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 969 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2020 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-237B (CAN). Ekalluk R.: Argus & Edlund 12739 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 54 (CAN), Gould s.n. (ALA). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7852 , 7853, 7854 , 7940 , 7963 , 8169 . Jonnessee L.: Argus & Edlund 12778 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 154, 212 (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Jones & Hainault 1898 . TPOvayok : Stephens 862, 868 . Namaycush L.: Argus & Edlund 12833 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7481, 7501 , 7500 (CAN), 7513 , 7514 . Prince Albert S. (head): Argus & Edlund 12825 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8295 (CAN), 8348 . Surrey L.: Argus & Edlund 12803 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2172 (MIN). Wollaston P. (SW): Edlund 525, 526 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 308E (279) (CAN).Salixarctica \u00d7 S.polaris, Fig. 44BInl., Cambridge Bay, Collinson P., Ferguson L., Johansen B., Kuujjua R., Mt. Pelly, Namaycush L., Prince Albert Sound (head) and Ulukhaktok. Morphological characteristics of hybrid plants, which are not included in the key here, are described in Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9614, 8615 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9758 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 379 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 723 (CAN), Porsild 17271 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Anderson B.: Argus & Edlund 12722 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Argus & Edlund 12676, 12865, 12883, 12885, 12886, 12887 (CAN), Consaul & Gillespie 1130 (CAN), Stephens 1088 (CAN). Collinson P.: Argus & Edlund 12751 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Argus & Edlund 12789 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8094, 8095b . TPOvayok : Stephens 1167 . Namaycush L.: Argus & Edlund 12830, 12831, 12832, 12835 (CAN).Linum L. [1]Linumlewisii Pursh subsp. lewisii, Figs Inl  and along the upper edge of a SE-facing cliff with Carexmyosuroides, Calamagrostispurpurascens, Oxytropisarctica, O.arctobia and Poaglaucasubsp.glauca (no. 9609). In the Kuujjua R. area it grew on a stony dry hilltop and S-facing slope with Artemisiahyperborea, C.purpurascens, O.arctica, O.arctobia, Poaglaucasubsp.glauca and Saxifragatricuspidata. The three populations found at the head of Minto Inl. grew in similar habitats. At all sites, the taxon was infrequent. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from scattered mainland sites , Gillespie et al. 9618 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 630 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9730 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10027 , 10098 , 10265 , Porsild 17417 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Wollaston P.: Miller 201 (CAN).Onagraceae [2/2]OnagraceaeKey to Chamaenerionlatifolium (L.) Sweet (Chamerionlatifolium (L.) Holub, Epilobiumlatifolium L.), Figs Inl. , Mt. Pelly, Richard Collinson Inl., Ulukhaktok and Wollaston P. . Byron B.: Dushenko (UVIC). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18830 (QFA), Gillespie et al. 9821 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 46, 606 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 201 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Dutilly 18654 (QFA), Edlund 306 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-49, 45-1548 (CAN), Porsild 17319 (CAN), Ross 18A (GH), Saarela & Bull 1454 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1504 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0214 , 13-0310 , Edlund & Argus 12686 (CAN), Stephens 1272 . Hadley B.: Edlund 71 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7934 . TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8427 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Stephens 1173 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7598 , 7640 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1064, 43-908 (CAN), Ross 29A (GH). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8355 . Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 575 (CAN).Epilobiumarcticum Sam., Figs Inl., Richard Collinson Inl. and Ulukhaktok . Kuujjua R.: Edlund 680 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10004 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 105 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10040 , 10200 , Porsild 17318, 17320, 17412 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 543 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 478 (CAN). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1505 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Stephens 1150 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8010 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-103, VI-314A (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8286 .Brassicaceae [10/31/33]Brassicaceae : Hainault 2090 (DAO).Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay, Kuujjua R., the head of Minto ukhaktok . Newly rnd sites . Three cInl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9586 . Kuujjua R.: Edlund 622, 657 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9761 , 9844 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 67 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10075 , 10178 , 10252 (CAN), 9475 . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 298, 495 (CAN), Oldenburg 45-1690 (GH), Porsild 17290 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1480 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0165 , 13-0195 , 14-0341 , 14-0383 (DAO), Dutilly & Duman 37162 (CAN), Edlund & Argus 12655, 12700 (CAN). Gillespie et al. 8416 (CAN), 8492 , 8493 , Oldenburg 44-900 (GH), Porsild 21619, 216200 (CAN), Stephens 1038 , Stephens 1051, 1069, 1118, 1137 , Washburn 24 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-289 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7888 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8182 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7472, 7560 , 7489 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8263 (CAN), 8329 .Brayaglabella subsp. purpurascens (R.Br.) Cody (B.purpurascens R.Br.), Fig. Inl., Natkusiak, Storkerson P., Read I., Ulukhaktok, Walker B. and Wollaston P. , Prince Albert P. and Richard Collinson Inl. Widespread across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago : Edlund 57 (CAN). C. Wollaston: Edlund 53 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9837 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 122 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 90, 127 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-237 (GH), Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 148 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 385 (CAN). Walker B.: Porsild 17493A, 17493B (CAN). Wollaston P. (NW): Porsild 17218 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0612 (CAN), 13-0318 , Beschel 13481 (CAN), Gould s.n. (ALA), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Ponomarenko VI-056, VI-063, VI-094 (CAN), Stephens 1014 (KSTC), 950, 1034 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-167, VI-296B (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 13, 101, 337 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 204, 227 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 37, 40, 43, 148 (CAN), Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 45 (CAN). Read I.: Porsild 17195 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 181, 185, 215, 222, 300, 326 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 413 (CAN).Brayahumilis (C.A.Mey.) B.L.Rob. subsp. humilis (B.richardsonii (Rydb.) Fernald, B.humilissubsp.arctica (B\u00f6cher) Rollins), Figs Inl. area . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 122 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10170 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 862 (CAN), Porsild 17291, 17292 , Oldenburg 45-1688 (GH). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0264 , 14-0304 (UAAH), Gillespie et al. 8413 (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 985 (ALA). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7887 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 220 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7561, 7562 (CAN), 7663 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8224 , 8319 . Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 411 (CAN).Brayathorild-wulffii subsp. glabrata J.G.Harris, Fig. Braya, B.thorild-wulffii.Known from a single collection from Namaycush L., which marks the known eastern and southern limit of the subspecies. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Banks I. . The taxNUNAVUT. Namaycush L.: Stretton 18 (DAO).Brayathorild-wulffii Ostenf. subsp. thorild-wulffii, Figs Pt. and the north side of Prince Albert S.  have been redetermined as Brayaglabellasubsp.purpurascens, and we have not seen a voucher for the record from the north shore of Prince Albert S. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Banks I. and the Queen Elizabeth Islands NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Minto : Gillespie et al. 10074 . Pt.Peel : Edlund 424 (CAN).Cardamine : Hainault (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-050, VI-052b, VI-105b, VI-300, VI-329b, VI-341 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 41, 156 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7817 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 246 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 71 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7498 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8292 (CAN). Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA).Cardaminepolemonioides Rouy  O.E.Schultz), Figs Inl., the head of Prince Albert S., Storkerson P. and Ulukhaktok , Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 107, 603, 604 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10133 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Porsild 17442 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 483, 764 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-258A (CAN). Byron B.: Dushenko 25 (UVIC). Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0229 , Calder et al. 24181 (DAO), Consaul & Gillespie 1123 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8366 , Oldenburg 44-950 (GH), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Porsild 17468, 21622 (CAN), Stephens 1052, 1093 (CAN), 1253 (KSTC). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-105, VI-137A, VI-203F (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 320 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8045 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 244 (CAN). Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA).Cochleariagroenlandica L.  Hult\u00e9n, C.officinalissubsp.groenlandica (L.) A.E.Porsild), Figs Pt., Hadley B., the head of Minto Inl., Namaycush L., Natkusiak P., the head of Prince Albert S. (Porsild obs.), Read I. , Richard Collinson Inl., Storkerson P., Ulukhaktok and an unnamed lake ca. 60 miles north of Cambridge Bay . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 155 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 118 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1352 (GH). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 694 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 346, 795 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1451 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 14-0648 , Bennett et al. 13-0248 , 13-0627 (od), Calder et al. 24186 (DAO), Gillespie et al. 8463 , Oldenburg 44-902 (GH), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Stephens 1155 . Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7738 (CAN). Collinson P.: Edlund & Argus 12755 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 79, 122, 318 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8009 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 121 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-529 (GH). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8254, 8285 (CAN). Unnamed lake ca. 60 mi. N of Cambridge Bay: Porsild 17475 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 166, 210 (CAN), Stretton 234 (DAO).Crucihimalayabursifolia (DC.) D.A.German & A.L.Ebel  Rollins, Transberingiabursifolia (DC.) Al-Shehbaz & O\u2019Kane), Figs Newly reported from Victoria I. based on a single collection from Cambridge Bay gathered in 2013 near the Defence Early Warning station. Taxonomy follows NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0325 (CAN).Descurainiasophioides (Fisch. ex Hook.) O.E.Schulz, Figs Inl. and Ulukhaktok . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 106 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bliss s.n. (ALTA), Edlund 323 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 5, 22, 26 (DAO), Oldenburg s.n. (CAN), Pokiak 30 , Saarela & Bull 1413 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0345 (UBC). Byron B.: Dushenko 31 (UVIC). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0173 , Calder et al. 24165 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12656 (CAN), Fortier 27 (CAN), Gould s.n. (ALA), Milne 42-804 (GH), Oldenburg 44-943 (GH), Parker & Jonsdottir 9090 (ALA), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Porsild 17469, 21623 (CAN), Stephens 1202 , 1286 , 848 (KSTC), 933 , Sweatman & Smith 29 , Saarela & Teeter 5287, 5292, 5293, 5298 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Jones & Hainault 38 (DAO). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8310 .Draba : Edlund & Argus 12777 (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 987 (ALA). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-308A, VI-208A (cf.) (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 52 (CAN).Drabacinerea Adams, Figs Inl., Cambridge Bay, Ferguson L., Hadley B., Kuujjua R., the head of Prince Albert S., Read I., Storkerson P., Ulukhaktok and northwestern Wollaston P. , Gillespie et al. 9532, 9569 , 9686 (CAN). Burns L. (S): Edlund 549 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 664 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9870c, 9898 , 9890, 9996, 9997, 9970 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10019 , 9469, 10081, 10171 (CAN), 10122b , Porsild 17395 , 17396 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 361, 713, 779 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 12 & 19, 44 (DAO) Porsild 17302 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1415 , 1425, 1479 , 1487 (CAN). Wollaston P. (NW): Porsild 17221, 17223 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0212 , 13-0254 , 13-0567, 14-0662 (DAO), 13-0625, 14-0312 (MO), 13-0638, 14-0647a , 13-0639 , 14-0546 (UAAH), Calder et al. 24211A (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12648 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8448, 8465 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Ponomarenko VI-061, VI-065, VI-081b (CAN), Porsild 21624, 21627 (CAN), Smith & Sweatman 36 (DAO), Stephens 1011, 1115 (CAN), 877, 1013, 1070, 1116, 1117 , Tasker 2989 (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7732 . Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7771 (CAN). Diamond Jenness P.: Edlund & Argus 7503, 7504 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0667 (MO), Hainault 2119 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-200, VI-156, VI-327 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 21, 107 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7827 , 7889 , 7890, 7894, 8078b, 8165 (CAN), 7893, 8054, 8129, 8163 , 8106 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 149, 205, 226 (CAN). TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8428 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 5, 6 (CAN), Roncato-Spencer 3 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7531, 7657 , 7536 , 7576b, 7585, 7588, 7593, 7659, 7660, 7664, 7801b (CAN), 7592 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund & Argus 12818 (CAN), Edlund 21, 89, 99 (CAN). Read I.: Porsild 17196 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8225a, 8264 , 8281 , 8316 , 8328 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 208 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 652 (CAN).Drabacorymbosa R.Br. ex DC. (D.bellii Holm), Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Namaycush L., Peel Pt., east of the head of Prince Albert S., Read I., Richard Collinson Inl., Ulukhaktok and Wollaston P. , 9702, 9703, 9704, 9705 (cf.), 9706, 9707 (CAN), 9687 . Burns L. (S): Edlund 551 (CAN). C. Wollaston: Edlund 37a (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 679 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9834, 9870a, 9994 (CAN), 9843 , 9949 , Stretton 56 (DAO). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 9470, 10012, 10261C (CAN), 10058 , 10253 , Porsild 17394 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 94 (CAN). Pt.Peel : Edlund 430 . Prince Albert S. (head): Stretton 32 (DAO). Inl.Richard Collinson : P. Jenness 19 (CAN), Stretton 217 (DAO). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 465 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 18 (DAO), Ross 196 (ALTA). Wollaston P. (NW): Porsild 17219, 17220 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12703 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Dutilly 28068 (DAO), Bennett et al. 13-0610 , 13-0650, 13-0651 (DAO), 13-0659 (CAN), Calder et al. 24211B (DAO), Consaul & Gillespie 1119 (CAN), Dutilly 28068, 28069 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12647 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8459 , Polunin s.n. (CAN), Ponomarenko VI-057B (CAN), Porsild 21624 , Saarela & Teeter 5291 (CAN), Scotter s.n. (ALTA), Stephens 852, 875, 978, 1016, 1071, 1269 , 853, 1267 (KSTC), Sweatman & Smith 8 (DAO), Tasker 2989 (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 944 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0405 (MO), Hainault 2072 (DAO), Jones 9 (DAO). Greely Haven: Fortier 95 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-031A, VI-093, VI-271, VI-283, VI-309A, VI-311 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 12, 508, 96, 128, 150 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8078a . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 147, 266 (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Hainault 1831 (DAO). TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8422 , Bennett & Sullivan 13-0652 (DAO). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8179 , 8185 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 20, 25 (CAN), Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 24, 47 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7471 , 7497a, 7573 . Read I.: Porsild 17197 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 182, 200, 216, 221, 282 (CAN), Stretton 225 (DAO). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 651 (CAN).Drabafladnizensis Wulfen, Fig. D.lactea. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Baffin, Banks, Cornwallis and Southampton islands and scattered mainland sites . NUNAVUT. Falaise B.: Parker 91 10 (ALA).Drabaglabella Pursh, Figs Inl. and Ulukhaktok . Burns L. (S): Edlund 550 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 79, 80A, 616, 618 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10161, 10122a, 10167 (cf.) , 10166 , 10172, 10182, 10214 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Porsild 17300 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 14-0306 (UAAH), 13-0175 , 13-0654, 14-0376 (MO), 13-0224a (cf.) , 13-0648 (cf.) , Calder et al. s.n. (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12649 , 2861 (CAN), Fortier 26 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8447, 8452a , 8471 (CAN), Parker & Jonsdottir 9092 (ALA), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Porsild 21626 (CAN), Stephens 979, 1011 , 1013, 1120 (CAN), 1076, 1261 (KSTC), Washburn 25 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2116 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-039, VI-044 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 100 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7826, 7829, 8144, 8163 , 7892 , 8041 , 8042 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7537, 7538, 7704, 7801a, 7810 (CAN), 7576a . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8255 (CAN), 8314 . \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0671 (MO).Drabajuvenilis Kom. (D.longipes Raup), Fig. Cr. and Ulukhaktok. We have also confirmed the first record from adjacent Banks I. ; this specimen was previously determined as D.?oblongata and D.glabella. These are the first records for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In the Cambridge Bay area, the species has been collected at the following four sites: 4 km northeast of Cambridge Bay along the road to Mt. Pelly (Bennett 13-0224b), where it grew around edge of nutrient enriched tundra pond with Cardaminepolemonioides, Epilobiumarcticum, Chrysospleniumrosendahlii, Hippurislanceolata and Tephroserispalustris; ca. 2 km northeast of Cambridge Bay along the road to Mt. Pelly, just over the bridge, growing in small rocky outcrops above the river ; east of the of DEW Line Station along the road to the village ; and on Long Point beach, between Long Point and Flagstaff Point ca. 10 km west of Cambridge Bay .Newly recorded for Victoria I., from Cambridge Bay, Sinclair NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Saarela & Bull 1463 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0224b , Edlund & Argus 12649 , Gillespie et al. 8399, 8452b (CAN), 8400 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8274 (CAN).Drabalactea Adams, Figs Inl., Richard Collinson Inl., Storkerson P., Tahoe L. and Ulukhaktok . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 617, 80B, 81, 96 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10213 , Porsild 17398, 17399 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Stretton 196, 215 (DAO). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 797 (CAN), Porsild 17297, 17298, mixed with D.fladnizensis, 17299 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0665 (MO). Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12714 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0216, 13-0647 , 13-0658 (DAO), 13-0643 (chars), Calder et al. s.n. , Edlund & Argus 12649 , 12859 (CAN), Gillespie 5840 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Stephens 1012 (KSTC), 876, 1012B, 1015, 1075, 1268 , Sweatman & Smith (DAO). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0668 (MO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-308 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 118, 151, 42, 97 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8178 , 8180 . Namaycush L.: Roncato-Spencer 3b (CAN). NE Victoria I.: Edlund 231 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8273, 8275, 8278, 8279 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 196, 308, 309 (CAN). Tahoe L.: Porsild 17455A (CAN).Drabamicropetala Hook., Fig. Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay and Hadley B.  and newlNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Natkusiak P.: Edlund 93, 103, 114 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Calder et al. 24209 (aff.) (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 149 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 12 (CAN).Drabanivalis Lilj., Fig. Cr.\u201d, Ferguson L., Mt. Bumpus, Murray Pt., Sinclair Cr. and \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, Baffin, Banks, Bylot, Coats, Devon, Digges, Ellesmere, Gilmore, King William, Nottingham, Somerset and Southampton islands and across the mainland (Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay and Ulukhaktok . Thannhemainland .NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Edlund 895 (CAN), Porsild 17301 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0666 (MO). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0642 (DAO), 14-0313, 14-0317 (MO), Polunin s.n. , Porsild 21628 (CAN), Stephens 1012A (CAN), 1119 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0669 (MO). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7825, 8043 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 151 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8178 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8225b (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0391 (MO).Drabanorvegica Gunn. (D.rupestris W.T.Aiton), Fig. Consaul et al. 3506 [CAN 10055172], 3512 [CAN 10055171]) and northern Quebec and Labrador  determined by G.A. Mulligan in 1997 and conf. by R. Elven in 2003. In Labrador . ElsewheLabrador . There aLabrador . The genLabrador .NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Calder et al. s.n. (DAO).Drabaoblongata R.Br. ex DC. (D.groenlandica Ekman), Fig. Inl. and Ulukhaktok . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10276 , Porsild 17397 (CAN). Pt.Peel : Edlund 430 . Ulukhaktok: Gray & Gibbard 25 (DAO), Edlund 798 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 14-0318 (MO), Beschel 13491 (CAN), Calder et al. 24210 (DAO), Ponomarenko VI-058 (CAN). Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7783 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-024 (CAN).Drabaoligosperma Hook., Fig. Known from two collections in the vicinity of Falaise B. on the south side of Wollaston P. , as mappNUNAVUT. Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 983 , 988 (O).Drabapauciflora R.Br., Fig. Known on Victoria I. from a single collection from the vicinity of Namaycush L., as mapped in NUNAVUT. Namaycush L.: Roncato-Spencer 8 (CAN).Drabapilosa Adams ex DC., Figs Cr.\u201d, Boot Inl., Cambridge Bay, Johansen B., Kuujjua R., Murray Pt. and Oterkvik Pt. Not known from elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. These collections represent a considerable range extension northwards. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from a few mainland sites , 9637 (cf.) , 9679 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9754 (cf.) . Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0664 (MO). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0239 , 13-0259 , 13-0649 (DAO), 14-0319 , 14-0384 (UAAH), Stephens 1010 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7937 , 7960 , 8135 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8183 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7497b, 7523 (CAN).Drabasimmonsii Elven & Al-Shehbaz , Figs Cr.\u201d, Cambridge Bay, Greiner L., Kuujjua R., the head of Minto Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Mt. Pelly, Tahiryuaq, Tahoe L. and Ulukhaktok. The older records included here were previously treated under D.alpina L. . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 95 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10059 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 386 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 718 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0342 (MO). Cambridge Bay: Bennett 14-0375, 14-0307 (MO), 13-0159 , 14-0381 , Calder et al. 24211B (DAO), Gillespie et al. 8449 , 8451b (CAN), Ponomarenko VI-057A, VI-080a (cf.) (CAN), Sweatman & Smith 8 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-031, VI-051, VI-083C, VI-193, VI-296C, VI-322 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 186, 223 (CAN). TPOvayok : Bennett & Sullivan 13-0655 (DAO). Tahoe L.: Porsild 17454 (CAN).Drabasubcapitata Simmons, Fig. Inl. , Hadley B., Storkerson P., Washburn L. and northwestern Wollaston P.  and northern Quebec .Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay, Collinson P., the head of Minto aston P. . Thannhen Quebec . The soun Quebec  and one Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9700 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10300 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 116, 123 (CAN). Wollaston P. (NW): Porsild 17224 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0177 , 14-0311 , Porsild 21629 (CAN), Stephens 1114 (CAN), Washburn 43 , 43A (CAN). Collinson P.: Edlund & Argus 12761 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 22 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund 21 (CAN), Roncato-Spencer 9 (CAN). TPOvayok : Bennett & Sullivan 13-0644 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 201 (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0398 . Washburn L.: Porsild 17458 (CAN).Erysimum : Bennett et al. 14-0419 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-040, VI-217, VI-223A (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 14, 15, 88, 89 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8026 . TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8437 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Stephens 865 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Argus 12800A, 12800B (CAN), Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 26 (CAN), Edlund 7, 8 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7488 , 7804 (CAN). Unnamed lake ca. 60 mi. N of Cambridge Bay: Porsild 17477 (CAN). Read I.: Ross 1a (GH). Storkerson P.: Edlund 169 (CAN), P. Jenness 35 (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0390 . Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 412 (CAN), Porsild 17225, 17226 (CAN).Parryanudicaulis (L.) Regel, Fig. Jenness 650) is assigned to this species based on its distinctly dentate-lobed leaves, linear-oblong anthers and torulose young fruit. P.arctica, including one from Richard Collinson Inlet (Edlund 419) mapped as P.nudicaulis by Parrya specimens analyzed so far from Nunavut and Northwest Territories  belong to P.arctica and that this species can be more robust on the southern edge of its range (such as southern Victoria Island) than is typical and that current keys indicate. Further study is needed to verify the presence and range of P.nudicaulis on Victoria Island. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Arctic Yukon and adjacent Northwest Territories . Collections from Bernard Harbour, mainland Nunavut, mapped in P.arctica.One specimen .Physariaarctica (Wormsk. ex Hornem.) O\u2019Kane & Al-Shehbaz, Fig. Inl., Mt. Lady Pelly, Namaycush L., the north side and head of Prince Albert S., Read I., Richard Collinson Inl., Ulukhaktok and Walker B. . C. Wollaston: Edlund 6, 49 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9762 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 59 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9481 (CAN), Porsild 17402 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-655 , 54-235 (GH). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund & Argus 12814 (CAN), Weerstra (DAO). Prince Albert S. (N): Stretton 40 (DAO). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 140, 182 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 292, 448 (CAN), Ross 24 (ALTA), 24A (GH), Saarela & Bull 1506 . Walker B.: Porsild 17494 (CAN). Wollaston P.: Oldenburg 54-493 (GH). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-270 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0176 , 13-0207 (od), Calder et al. 24195 (DAO), Hainault 2143 (DAO), Ponomarenko VI-073A (CAN), Stephens 981 (CAN), 1110 (KSTC). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 931 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2034 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-201 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 29, 110 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7886 , Oswald 149 (DAO). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Hainault 1888 (DAO). TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8430 , Gould s.n. (ALA). Namaycush L.: Edlund 15, 22, 36 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7465 . Read I.: Porsild 17199 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8332 . \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0393 (CAN). Unnamed lake ca. 60 mi. N of Cambridge Bay: Porsild 17476 (CAN).CaryophyllalesPlumbaginaceae [1/1]Armeria Willd. [1]Armeriascabra Pall. ex Roem. & Schult. (A.maritimasubsp.sibirica (Turcz. ex Boiss.) Nyman), Figs Pt., the head of Minto Inl., Mt. Lady Pelly, Richard Collinson Inl. and Wollaston P. (Shindman s.n.) was gathered on George Island at the head of the sound during \u201cOperation Magnetic, 1949\u201d, a magnetic survey of the Canadian Arctic, of which B. Shindman was an expedition member; this was the only site visited on Victoria Island . C. Wollaston: Edlund 5 (CAN). Diamond Jenness P. (W end): Stretton 84 (DAO). Pt.Gordon : Stretton 198 (DAO). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18776, 18777, 18777a (QFA), Gillespie et al. 9805 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 126 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10197 , Porsild 17404 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund & Argus 12815 (CAN), Shindman s.n. (DAO). Inl.Richard Collinson : P. Jenness 12 (CAN), Edlund 176 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Bliss s.n. , Edlund 294 (CAN), Oldenburg 45-1544 (CAN), Ross 29 , 29A (GH), Saarela & Bull 1414 . Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0359 . Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12705 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0232 (chars), 13-0309 , Gillespie et al. 8464 , 8507 (CAN), Stephens 1005 (KSTC), 1085 , Sutton 1005 (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 971 (ALA), Parker 9109 . Hadley B.: Edlund 114, 143 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7898 (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Jones & Hainault 28 (DAO). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 46 (CAN), Edlund 27, 130 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7516 , 7563 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-501, 43-1072, 43-954, 44-1036 (CAN), Ross 25 (ALTA), 25A (GH). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8333 (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0389 . Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 578 (CAN).Polygonaceae : Hainault 2005 (DAO), Ponomarenko VI-232A, VI-305A (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 72, 137 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7900, 7942 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 268 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 44 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7703 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 96 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1035 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 186 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2183 (CAN).Oxyriadigyna Hill, Fig. Inl., Natkusiak P., the north side of Prince Albert S., Richard Collinson Inl., Tahiryuaq, Walker B.  and Wollaston P. . C. Wollaston: Edlund 47 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18836 (QFA), Gillespie et al. 9739 , Stretton 73 (DAO). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 108 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10215 , 9463 . Natkusiak P.: Edlund 72 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1354 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 56 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2293 (CAN), Stretton 37 (DAO). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 192 (CAN), P. Jenness 14 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 157 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Dutilly 18652 (QFA), Edlund 366 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 31 (DAO), Oldenburg 45-1560 (CAN), Porsild 17275 (CAN), Ross 4 , Saarela & Bull 1486 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1502 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0355 . Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12715 (CAN). Burns L. (S): Edlund 155 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett & Sullivan 13-0293 , Consaul & Gillespie 1129 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8458 , Polunin s.n. (CAN), Ponomarenko VI-072 (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 968 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1956 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-214, VI-224A, VI-290 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 17, 84 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7932 , 8101 . TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8424 , Stephens 986 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7473 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 90 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8253 , 8322 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 164, 192 (CAN), Stretton 222 (DAO). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2185 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 655 (CAN).Caryophyllaceae : Bennett et al. 14-0414 , Hainault 1949, 2007 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-160, VI-244 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 134, 327 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7824 , 7971 . TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8436 , Stephens 1166 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 27 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7577, 7670, 7672 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 78 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-520, 43-927 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8226 , 8312 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 171, 202, 224 (CAN).Cerastiumregelii Ostenf. (C.gorodkovianum Schischk.), Figs Inl. and Storkerson P. , 9710 (CAN). Burns L. (S): Edlund 568 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 10007 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1342 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 86 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Stretton 220 (DAO). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0252 , Edlund & Argus 12669 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8480 , Oldenburg 44-954 (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Stephens 1049, 1265 , 1063, 1123, 1125 (CAN). Collinson P.: Edlund & Argus 12769 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Edlund & Argus 12775 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-104, VI-123, VI-174, VI-203M (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 44, 70, 106 (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Hainault 1841 (DAO), Jones 31 (DAO). Namaycush L.: Edlund 11 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 335 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 219 (CAN).Honckenyapeploides subsp. diffusa (Hornem.) Hult\u00e9n (Arenariapeploidesvar.diffusa Hornem.), Figs Inl., Read I.  and Ulukhaktok . C. Wollaston: Edlund 23 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9916 , Oldenburg 54-221 (GH). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10192 , Porsild 17383 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 500, 785 (CAN). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1501 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Edlund & Argus 12785 (CAN). Anderson B.: Edlund & Argus 12708 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Bennett 14-0327 , 13-0243 , Gillespie et al. 8476 (CAN), Stephens 1273 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8008 , 8097 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8199 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7629 (CAN). Read I.Oldenburg 42-497 (CAN), 43-1084 , Ross 9A (GH). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8241 .Sabulina : Bennett et al. 14-0407 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-036, VI-117 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 75, 140, s.n. (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7895, 7923 (CAN), 8076 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 267 . TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8439 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 85 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7525, 7666 (CAN), 7591 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-928 (CAN), Porsild 17193 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8265 , 8323 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 225 (CAN). Washburn L.: Porsild 17457 (CAN). Wollaston P. (NW): Porsild 17217 (CAN).Sabulinastricta (Sw.) Rchb. (Minuartiastricta (Sw.) Hiern), Fig. Known from a single collection from the Johansen B. area; see details in NUNAVUT. Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7966 .Sagina : Hainault 1807 (DAO). TPOvayok : Gould s.n. (ALA), Stephens 1053, 1168 (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 333 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7496 , 7701 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-522, 43-1066, 43-915 (CAN), Ross 12A (GH). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0396 . Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 656 (CAN).Sileneinvolucrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bocquet subsp. involucrata (Melandriumaffine (J.Vahl ex Fr.) J.Vahl), Fig. Inl., Read I., Wollaston P., Ulukhaktok , Gillespie et al. 9624 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9738 (CAN), 9922 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 119, 158, 601, 68 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10057a, 10069 (CAN), 10118 , 10162, 10263 . Ulukhaktok: Bandringa 341 , Edlund 325, 336 (CAN), Oldenburg 45-1704 , Porsild 17281 , Ross 23 (ALTA), 23A (GH), Saarela & Bull 1427 . Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0348 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Edlund & Argus 12897 (CAN), Oldenburg 44-904 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Porsild 21613 (CAN), Stephens 983, 1032, 1112 (KSTC), 1056, 1111, 1240 , Stephens 994 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7823 , 7978 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8181 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7594 , 7700 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8326, 8334 , 8327 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 658, 658a (CAN).Sileneinvolucrata subsp. tenella (Tolm.) Bocquet, Fig. CAN following taxonomy of This is a boreal-low Arctic taxon, known from Cambridge Bay, Clouston B., Kuujjua R., Read I. and Ulukhaktok. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Banks I. and mainland sites, based on recently-revised specimens at NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9993 (CAN), 9737 . Ulukhaktok: Ross 23 (ALTA). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Oldenburg 44-905 (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7731 . Read I.: Oldenburg 42-526, 43-910, 43-953 (CAN).Sileneostenfeldii (A.E.Porsild) J.K.Morton (Melandriumostenfeldii A.E.Porsild), Fig. Inl. (conf.), Johansen B. (conf.) and Richardson I. Newly recorded from Boot Inl., C. Wollaston, Falaise B., Mt. Bumpus and Oterkvik Pt. The Victoria I. occurrences mark the eastern limit of the species, which is otherwise known in the Canadian Arctic from Banks I. and western mainland sites . C. Wollaston: Edlund 159 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10063 , Porsild 17387 (CAN). Walker B.: Porsild 17492 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7756 . Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 979 (ALA). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7976 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 237, 262 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7527 (CAN), 7586 .Sileneuralensis subsp. arctica (Th.Fr.) Bocquet  Hult\u00e9n), Figs S.uralensissubsp.arctica, whereas we find the majority of collections from Victoria I. to be S.uralensissubsp.uralensis. Subspecies arctica is known from south of Burns L., Cambridge Bay, Kuujjua R., the head of Minto Inl., Richard Collinson Inl., Tahiryuaq, Ulukhaktok and Walker B.. Its full range in the Canadian Arctic is unclear as all relevant herbarium material has not yet been determined following the taxonomy proposed by arctica is the common taxon in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is, however, known from mainland sites adjacent to Victoria I. (toria I. .NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Burns L. (S): Edlund 66 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 655 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9825 (CAN), 9839 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 55 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 703 (CAN), Stretton 216 (DAO). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 384 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 887, 888 (CAN). Walker B.: Porsild 17491 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0226 , Calder et al. 24196 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12642 (CAN), Gould s.n. (ALA), Porsild 21614 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8011 . TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8431 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7716 .Sileneuralensis (Rupr.) Bocquet subsp. uralensis  Fenzl, M.apetalumsubsp.arcticum (Fr.) Hult\u00e9n), Fig. Sileneuralensis follows uralensis. S.uralensissubsp.arctica, whereas our identifications indicate that both this and subsp. uralensis occur on Victoria I., as Inl., the head of Prince Albert S., Read I. , Richard Collinson Inl., Storkerson P., Ulukhaktok and Walker B.  of these areas. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic subsp. uralensis is known from Banks and Baffin islands as well as mainland sites , 9566 , 9689 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9969, 9802 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 9496, 10057b (CAN). Natkusiak P.: Edlund 109 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1351 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2286 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-642 (UBC). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 600 (CAN). Tahiryuaq: Edlund 159 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 353 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-73C, 45-1703, 45-1705, 45-1706 (CAN). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1534A (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-249, VI-259 (CAN). Cambridge Bay: Edlund & Argus 12889A (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8383 , Gillespie et al. 8453 (CAN), Oldenburg 44-903, 44-904a (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Ponomarenko VI-053, VI-313 (CAN), Stephens 942, 1030, 1214, 1215, 1216 , 1031, 1078, 1165 (KSTC). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7720 (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 959 (ALA). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-042, VI-184, VI-286, VI-294B (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 43, 159 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7871 (CAN), 8046 . Namaycush L.: Edlund 144, 145, 146 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7638 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 79 (CAN). Read I.Oldenburg 43-1068, 43-1069, 44-1037 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8289 (CAN). Storkerson P.: Edlund 170, 241, 283, 307 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2179 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 657 (CAN).Stellaria : Hainault 1981, 2051, 2083 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-032, VI-112, VI-162, VI-211, VI-221, VI-319 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 95, 131, 157 (CAN). \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 143, 196, 215, 260, 275 (CAN). TPOvayok : Gillespie et al. 8438 , Gould s.n. (ALA). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 58 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7526 , 7628 , Gillespie et al. 7803 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 80 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-524 , 43-1078, 43-930 (CAN), Porsild 17194 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8251 , 8269 (CAN), 8317 , 8318 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 193, 232 (CAN). Tuktu R.: Gould s.n. (ALA). Washburn L.: Edlund & Argus 12798 (CAN), Oldenburg 46-2181 (CAN).Suaeda Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel. [1]Suaedacalceoliformis (Hook.) Moq., Fig. Inl., Johansen B., the head of Minto Inl. and Oterkvik Pt., with these populations representing the species\u2019 northern range limit. Additional information is provided in Known from Boot Inl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9662 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10243 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8068 , 8137 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7570 .Montia L. [1]Montiafontana L., Fig. Known from a single collection gathered in the Ulukhaktok area in 1949 . ElsewheNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Porsild 17286 (CAN).EricalesPrimulaceae [2/3]PrimulaceaeKey to Androsace : Bennett et al. 14-0406 (UBC). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-118 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7967 , 8050 (CAN). \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 222 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7540 . South-central Victoria I.: Edlund 541 (CAN).Rhododendron : Bennett et al. 14-0421 (BABY). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7850 . Kugaluk R.: Edlund & Nixon 207 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 209 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7460 . Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 579 (CAN).Rhododendrontomentosum subsp. decumbens (Aiton) Elven & D.F.Murray (Ledumdecumbens (Aiton) Lodd. ex Steud., L.palustrevar.decumbens Aiton, L.palustresubsp.decumbens (Aiton) Hult\u00e9n, Figs Empetrumnigrum; a voucher should be obtained. R.lapponicum, there is a conspicuous gap in distribution in the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago (Previously recorded from Ulukhaktok (Porsild obs.) , which whipelago NUNAVUT. Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0418 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7849 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. .Vaccinium : Bennett et al. 14-0428 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7848 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 210 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Edlund 530 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7520 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8344 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1542 (CAN).Vacciniumvitis-idaea subsp. minus  Hult\u00e9n, Figs Inl., Mt. Bumpus and Ulukhaktok. Of these records we are only aware of vouchers from \u201cLong L.\u201d, and occurrence in the Johansen B. area is confirmed by our collection made there in 2008. Previously recorded from Walker B., based on an observation by H. Larsen reported in NUNAVUT. Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0420 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7830 (CAN), 8037 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. .Rubiaceae [1/1]Galium L. [1]Galiumaparine L., Figs Festucarubra, Poapratensissubsp.pratensis and Loliumperenne) and the native Descurainiasophioides. We suspect the bedstraw was a contaminant of the mixed seed from which we assume the grasses originated, as there are no other records of this non-native, annual taxon for the community. Whatever its origin, this is the first record for Nunavut. It is unknown, however, if the species persists; our collection may have extirpated it from the territory.A single small vegetative plant was found growing in Cambridge Bay, in 2017, in heavily disturbed ground with several introduced grasses (NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Saarela & Teeter 5295 (CAN).Gentianaceae Mertensia Roth [2]Mertensia Plantaginaceae : Edlund & Argus 12773, 12774 (cf.) (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-202 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7907 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7677 .Plantagocanescens Adams, Figs Inl. and Ulukhaktok , the same general area where the taxon was collected by Edlund & Argus in 1987. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Banks I., mainland Northwest Territories and a few sites on mainland Nunavut as far east as Bathurst Inl. (Previously recorded from Cambridge Bay (Augustus Hills area), the head of Minto ukhaktok . Thannherst Inl. . The VicInl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9534 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9829, 9927 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 146 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10028 , 10120, 10134 (CAN), 10264 , Porsild 17418 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 286, 781 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Edlund & Argus 12853 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7991 , 8103 .Pinguicula L. [1]Pinguiculavulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris, Fig. Known from multiple collections gathered in 2008 and 2010 at Clouston B., Kuujjua R. and Johansen B., and an unvouchered report; see NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9878, 9880 (CAN), 9967 . NUNAVUT. Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7718 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8132 (CAN).Orobanchaceae : Hainault 1970 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-033, VI-099, VI-108, VI-128, VI-232 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 124, 340 (CAN), 78 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7936 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 245 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8173 . Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 59 (CAN), Edlund 139 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7506 , 7715 (CAN), 7792 .Pedicularisarctoeuropaea (Hult\u00e9n) Molau & D. F. Murray (P.sudeticasubsp.arctoeuropaea Hult\u00e9n), Figs Inl. and Storkerson P. , 9628 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9923 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10249 . \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1358 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Oldenburg 44-923B, 44-928 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-528 (CAN), Ross 3A (GH). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8288 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 240 (CAN).Pediculariscapitata Adams, Figs Inl. , Mt. Bumpus, Mt. Pelly, Prince Albert S. (Porsild obs.), inland from the head of Prince Albert S., Tahoe L. (Porsild obs.), Ulukhaktok and Wollaston P. . Byron B.: Dushenko 5 (UVIC). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9742 , 9992 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 47, 602 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9465 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 130, 485 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 287 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 37 (DAO), Oldenburg 42-16, 45-1632 (CAN), 45-1633 , 54-217, 54-217a (GH), Porsild 17331 (CAN), Ross 8A (ALTA), 8B (GH) Saarela & Bull 1489 (CAN), Stretton 53 (DAO). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1539 . Wollaston P.: Oldenburg 54-514 (GH). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0174 , Calder et al. 24159 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12667 (CAN), Fortier 11 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8387 , Oldenburg 44-889 , Polunin s.n. (CAN), Stephens 962 (KANU), Sweatman & Smith 18 (DAO). Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7773 (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 932 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 2060 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-121A, VI-215 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 83, 158 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7818 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 257 (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Jones & Hainault 1886 (DAO). TPOvayok : Stephens 987 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 61 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7517 , 7800 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 92 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8291 (CAN). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2146 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 307b (CAN).Pedicularishirsuta L., Fig. Inl. eastwards .Pedicularislanata Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl., Figs Inl. , Namaycush L., the head of Prince Albert S. , Read I., Richard Collinson Inl., Ulukhaktok and Wollaston P. , 9677 . Burns L. (S): Edlund 51 (CAN). C. Wollaston: Edlund 3 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9765 , Stretton 68 (DAO). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 145 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10306 , 9478 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1360 . Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-258 (GH). Prince Albert S. (head): Stretton 11, 19 (DAO) . Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2280 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (S): Edlund 533 (CAN). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 184 (CAN), Stretton 219 (DAO). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 297 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 7 (DAO), Porsild 17327, 17332 (CAN), Ross 1A (ALTA), 1B (GH), Saarela & Bull 1504 , Salokangas 21 (CAN), Stretton 61 (DAO). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1540 (CAN). Cr.NUNAVUT. \u201c30-Mile \u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0362 (UBC). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0257 , 14-0380 (UBC), Calder et al. 24160 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12628, 12672 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8415 , Oldenburg 44-923 (CAN), 44-930 , Polunin s.n. , Stephens 1209 , Stephens 943 (KANU), Sweatman & Smith 4 (DAO), Tasker 7648 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1927 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-026, VI-222 (CAN). Greely Haven: Fortier 92 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 11, 109 (CAN). \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Hainault 1800 (DAO). Pt.Murray : Stretton 30 (DAO). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 7, 19, 110 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7461 , 7492, 7508 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-912, 43-936, 43-969 (CAN), Porsild 17210 (CAN), Ross 30A (GH), 30B (ALTA). Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2147 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 283b (CAN).Pedicularislangsdorffii subsp. arctica (R.Br.) Pennell ex Hult\u00e9n (P.arctica R.Br.), Fig. Inl. , the head of Prince Albert S. , Read I. (Porsild obs.) and Ulukhaktok , 9625 . Burns L. (S): Edlund 65 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9798 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 49 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9479, 10247 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 343, 747 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-16A, 45-1634 (CAN), Ross 1B (GH), Saarela & Bull 1496 . Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1521A (CAN). Wollaston P.: Oldenburg 54-516 (GH). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0168 , Calder et al. 24201 (DAO), Edlund & Argus 12671 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 8472 (CAN), Oldenburg 44-930B (CAN), Polunin s.n. , Porsild 21642 (CAN), Stephens 1208 (KANU), 944 , 947 (CAN), Sutton 1046 (CAN). Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 955 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1963 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-163 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 78 , Gould s.n. (ALA). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7896 . \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 60, 111 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7507 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8287 . Storkerson P.: Edlund 305 (CAN).Asteraceae [13/25/26]Asteraceae : Hainault 1999 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-287, VI-325 (CAN) Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8087 , 8102 . TPOvayok : Stephens 1180 . Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8276 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 375a (CAN).Erigeronporsildii G.L.Nesom & D.F.Murray (Erigerongrandiflorussubsp.arcticus A.E.Porsild), Fig. Known only from Ulukhaktok, the type locality . The mosNORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Ulukhaktok: Porsild 17341 (CAN), 17342 , Stretton 54 (DAO).Eurybiasibirica (L.) G.L.Nesom (Astersibiricus L.), Fig. Inl. (CAN 10089223) and one of Symphyotrichumpygmaeum (CAN 10088665) bear the collection number 349a, suggesting they were taken as a single gathering and later split upon realization the collection was mixed.Collected on the Wollaston P. by D. Jenness in 1915, during the Canadian Arctic Expedition . SubsequInl. . Both thNUNAVUT. Wollaston P.: Johansen 349a (CAN).Hulteniellaintegrifolia (Richardson) Tzvelev (Arctanthemumintegrifolium (Richardson) Tzvelev, Chrysanthemumintegrifolium Richardson, Dendrathemaintegrifolium (Richardson) Tzvelev, Leucanthemumintegrifolium (Richardson) DC.), Figs Inl., Cape Baring, Diamond Jenness P., Falaise B., Ferguson L., the Greiner L. watershed, the head of Minto Inl., Mt. Bumpus, Mt. Lady Pelly, Namaycush L., \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d, Oterkvik Pt., an inland site on Prince Albert P., the north side and head of Prince Albert S., Read I., \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d, Walker B. and Washburn L. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded throughout the archipelago except for the western Queen Elizabeth Islands and across the mainland , Gillespie et al. 9589 . C. Baring: Edlund 408 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Dutilly 18775 (QFA), Edlund 631 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9743 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 167 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9483 (CAN). \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1361 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-643 (UBC). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 375 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (N): Oldenburg 46-2260 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 299 (CAN), Oldenburg 42-21, 42-23a, 45-1720 (CAN), Porsild 17339 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1477 (CAN). Walker B.: Oldenburg 45-1512 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Albert Edward B.: Ponomarenko VI-269 (CAN). Byron B.: Edlund & Argus 12847 (CAN), Dushenko 21 (UVIC). Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0180 , Edlund & Argus 12627 , Gillespie et al. 8417 , Gould s.n. (ALA), Oldenburg 44-888 (CAN), Polunin s.n. (CAN), Porsild 21645 (CAN), Sutton 1047 . Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 945 (ALA). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Bennett et al. 14-0412 , Hainault 2033 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-144, VI-168, VI-228 (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 24, 108 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7933 (CAN). Kugaluk R.: Edlund 202 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 228, 259 (CAN). Mt. Lady Pelly [Amaaqtuq]: Hainault 1825, 1828 (DAO). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 115 (CAN), Edlund 30 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7702, 7814 (CAN). Read I.: Oldenburg 42-503, 43-960 (CAN). \u201cTrunsky L.\u201d: Bennett et al. 14-0394 . Washburn L.: Oldenburg 46-2151 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 317b (CAN).Petasitesfrigidus (L.) Fr. subsp. frigidus, Figs Inl. and Ulukhaktok , 9610 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9752 . Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 177, 179 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 791 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Sutton 1278 .Seneciolugens Richardson, Fig. Newly reported from Victoria I. Collected at \u201cLong L.\u201d in 1964. This is the only record of the taxon in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from numerous western mainland sites as far east as the Coppermine R. valley, Nunavut .NUNAVUT. \u201cLong L.\u201d: Lambert s.n. (CAN)  Brouillet & Selliah  \u00c1.L\u00f6ve & D.L\u00f6ve, A.sibiricusvar.pygmaeus (Lindl.) Cody, Eurybiapygmaeus (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom), Figs Inl., Byron B., C. Baring, Clouston B., Falaise B., Greiner L., Kuujjua R., the head of Minto Inl., Murray Pt., Oterkvik Pt., the head of Prince Albert S. and east of the head of Prince Albert S. along the Kagloryuak R. The Greiner L. collections marks the known eastern limit of the taxon in Canada. This species was assessed as May Be at Risk by the Inl. . C. Baring: Edlund 415 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Edlund 632 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 9883 , 9968 . Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10242 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 370 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Byron B.: Edlund & Argus 12846 . Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 926 . Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-340 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 349a (CAN), Johansen & D. Jenness 349b (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7737 . Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7992 , 7999 , 8007 , 8069 , 8099 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8186 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7548 . Prince Albert S. (east of head): Edlund & Argus 12813 . Read I.: Oldenburg 44-1039 (CAN), Porsild 17214 (CAN), Ross 23 (ALTA).Taraxacum : Myers & Hainault 2125 (DAO). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7977 , 8012 , 8040 (CAN), 8089 , 8153 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8217 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 51 , Edlund 31 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7698 , 7699 (CAN).Taraxacumholmenianum Sahlin (T.pumilum Dahlst.), Fig. T.ceratophorum. Newly recorded from Clouston B., Falaise B., Ferguson L., Hadley B., Johansen B., Kuujjua R., the head of Minto Inl., Read I. and Sinclair Cr. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic recorded from Axel Heiberg, Baffin, Banks, Emerald, Ellesmere, King William, Melville, Prince of Wales, Prince Patrick and Somerset islands and a few northern mainland sites . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9833 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10088 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Porsild 17447 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0275 , 13-0236 (BABY), Calder et al. 24208 (DAO), Ponomarenko VI-074 (CAN). Clouston B.: Gillespie et al. 7753 . Falaise B.: Eriksen et al. 978 . Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault & Hunter 1964 (DAO). Hadley B.: Edlund 331 (CAN). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7873a, 8034, 8168 (CAN), 7998 . Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 263, 278 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Roncato-Spencer 51 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1073 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8282 .Taraxacumhyparcticum Dahlst., Figs T.phymatocarpum, based primarily on having involucres <15 mm (T.hyparcticum (T.phymatocarpum. The two species are difficult to distinguish in the herbarium using the key in T.hyparcticum than in T.phymatocarpum), which is rarely preserved in dried specimens. Our identifications of these two species are based primarily on horned calyculi and involucre length, described as being 15\u201330 mm in T.hyparcticum vs. 9\u201314 mm in T.phymatocarpum by Inl., Cambridge Bay, Johansen B., Kuujjua R., the head of Minto Inl., Oterkvik Pt., southeast of the head of Prince Albert S. and Ulukhaktok. Based on the maps in T.phymatocarpum.Specimens mapped from Cambridge Bay and Ulukhaktok by s <15 mm . Similararcticum , are plaInl.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Boot : Gillespie et al. 9595 (CAN), 9681 . Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9746 , 9925 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Gillespie et al. 10025 , 10185 , 10188 , 10219 . Ulukhaktok: Oldenburg 45-1718, 45-1719 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1440, 1441 (CAN). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett et al. 13-0317 (UBC). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 7872 (CAN), 7873b , 8088 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7812 . Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 82 (CAN).Taraxacumphymatocarpum J.Vahl, Figs Inl., Namaycush L., Read I., Richard Collinson Inl. and Ulukhaktok . C. Wollaston: Edlund 18 (CAN). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9535, 9847 (CAN). Inl. (head)Minto : Edlund 85, 86 (CAN), Gillespie et al. 10021 , 10066 (CAN), 10076 , 10260 , Porsild 17428, 17429 (CAN). Prince Albert P.: Oldenburg 54-644 (UBC). Inl.Richard Collinson : Edlund 135 (CAN), 136 (CAN). Ulukhaktok: Edlund 428, 429, 722 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 35, 45 (DAO), Porsild 17346 (CAN). Wollaston P.: Oldenburg 54-489 (UBC). NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Gillespie et al. 8489 , Porsild 1104 (KSTC), Stephens 982 (KSTC), 992 (CAN), Zoltai s.n. (DAO). C. Colborne: Edlund & Argus 12735 (CAN). Mts.Colville : Gillespie et al. 7770 (CAN). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-196, VI-208B (CAN). Hadley B.: Edlund 39, 61, 365 (CAN). Mt. Bumpus: Edlund 214 (CAN). Namaycush L.: Edlund & Argus 12801 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7654 (CAN). Prince Albert S. (head): Edlund 81, 152 (CAN), Edlund & Argus 12817 (CAN). Read I.: Porsild 17215 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8340 (CAN). Unnamed lake ca. 60 mi. N of Cambridge Bay: Porsild 17478 (CAN). Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 415 (CAN).Taraxacumscopulorum (A.Gray) Rydb., Figs Mts., Kuujjua R., \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d and Oterkvik Pt. Taxonomy follows Newly recorded for Victoria I., where known from Colville NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9835 . \u201cOldenburg L.\u201d: Oldenburg 45-1353 (CAN). Mts.NUNAVUT. Colville : Gillespie et al. 7767 (CAN). Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7630 .Tephroseris : Hainault 1967 (DAO), Jones 29 (DAO). Greiner L.: Ponomarenko VI-330 (CAN). Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8195 . Read I.: Oldenburg 43-1070, 43-955 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8335 . Wollaston P.: D. Jenness 414 (CAN).Tripleurospermummaritimum subsp. phaeocephalum (Rupr.) H\u00e4met-Ahti (Matricariaambigua (Ledeb.) Krylov, M.maritimasubsp.phaeocephala (Rupr.) Rauschert), Figs Pt., Cambridge Bay, the head of Minto Inl. (Porsild obs.), the head of Prince Albert S. (Porsild obs.), Read I.  and Ulukhaktok (Previously recorded from Berkeley ukhaktok . Thannheukhaktok .Pt.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. Berkeley : Stretton 91 (DAO). Kuujjua R.: Gillespie et al. 9918 . Ulukhaktok: Edlund 314 (CAN), Gray & Gibbard 21 (DAO), Oldenburg 45-1717 (CAN), Saarela & Bull 1426 , Salokangas 24 . NUNAVUT. Cambridge Bay: Bennett 13-0267 , 13-0262 , Gillespie et al. 8462 (CAN), Saarela & Teeter 5283 (CAN), Stephens (KSTC), Stephens 1263 (CAN). C. Colborne: Edlund & Argus 12736 (CAN). Ferguson L. [Tahiryuaq]: Hainault 1968 (DAO). Johansen B.: Gillespie et al. 8004 . Pt.Murray : Gillespie et al. 8215 . Pt.Oterkvik : Gillespie et al. 7627 . Read I.: Oldenburg 42-478, 43-1063, 43-959 (CAN). Cr.Sinclair : Gillespie et al. 8258 .Eremogonecapillaris (Poir.) Fenzl var. capillaris (Arenariacapillaris Poir.)\u2013Carexholostoma Drejer\u2013Edlund & Argus 12805 (CAN), was previously misidentified as Carexnorvegica Retz. and C.holostoma, and has been re-identified as Carexbigelowiisubsp.lugens.Carexlachenalii Schkuhr\u2013A record mapped by Edlund 338) has been redetermined as C.simpliciusculasubsp.subholarctica, and a collection from Cambridge Bay (Porsild 17464) reported by C.glareosa. Given these new determinations, this species is now known in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago only from Baffin, Coats and Southampton islands  annotated by G.A. Mulligan. We were unable to locate the two specimens at CAN, and exclude the species from the flora pending verification.Hippurisvulgaris L.\u2013Previous records of this species from Victoria I. have been redetermined as H.lanceloata; see comments under that taxon.Poaalpina L.\u2013Mapped from southeastern Victoria I. in Salixcordifolia var. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Fernald  Dorn)\u2013Reported from the head of Minto Inl. by Salixfuscescens Andersson\u2013See comments under S.planifolia.Solidagomultiradiata Aiton\u2013Mapped in"}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct name is: Andres H. Arias. The correct citation is: Das S, Arias AH, Cheng J-O, Souissi S, Hwang J-S, Ko F-C (2020) Occurrence and distribution of anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants in coastal sediments and mud shrimps from the wetland of central Taiwan. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227367."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ryan Holliday. The correct citation is: Simonetti JA, Dorsey Holliman B, Holliday R, Brenner LA, Monteith LL (2020) Firearm-related experiences and perceptions among United States male veterans: A qualitative interview study. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0230135."}
{"text": "Saude Publica [online]. 2019, vol.53:107, ISSN 1518-8787, http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001184, the RSP corrects the publication type and the How to cite:In the article: Where you read:Revis\u00e3oHow to cite: Chemas-Velez MM, Gomez LF, Velasquez A, Mora PLazas MM, Parra DC. Scoping review of studies on food marketing in Latin America: Summary of existing evidence and research gaps. Rev Saude Publica. 2018;53:107.You should read:ReviewHow to cite: Chemas-Velez MM, Gomez LF, Velasquez A, Mora PLazas MM, Parra DC. Scoping review of studies on food marketing in Latin America: Summary of existing evidence and research gaps. Rev Saude Publica. 2019;53:107."}
{"text": "Greater aortic inflammation and calcification in abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease than atherosclerosis: a prospective matched cohort study. Open Heart 2020;7:e001141. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001141.Joshi NV, Elkhawad M, Forsythe RO, Author name Jonathan Boyle has been updated to Jonathan R Boyle."}
{"text": "Amphisphaeria species have clypeate ascomata and 1-septate ascospores and a coelomycetous asexual morph. Lepteutypa is different from Amphisphaeria in having eutypoid stromata and more than 1-septate ascospores. These main characters have been used for segregation of Lepteutypa from Amphisphaeria for a long time. However, the above characters are overlapping among Amphisphaeria and Lepteutypa species. Therefore, here we synonymized Lepteutypa under Amphisphaeria based on holomorphic morphology and multigene phylogeny. Further, our cluster analysis reveals the relationship between seven morphological traits among Amphisphaeria/Lepteutypa species and suggests those morphologies are not specific to either genus. Three new species  are introduced based on morphology and LSU-ITS-RPB2-TUB2 phylogenies. Furthermore, the monotypic genus Trochilispora, which had been accepted in Amphisphaeriaceae, is revisited and synonymized under Hymenopleella and placed in Sporocadaceae.Amphisphaeriaceous taxa (fungi) are saprobes on decaying wood in terrestrial, mangrove, and freshwater habitats. The generic boundaries of the family have traditionally been based on morphology, and the delimitation of genera has always been challenging.  Amphisphaeria, the type genus of Amphisphaeriaceae, was introduced by Cesati and De Notaris = Lepteutypa fuckelii (G.H. Otth) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 21: 276 (1923)= Tilia cordata , 31 May 2012, P. Bormans ; ex-type living culture CBS 140409.Typus: Belgium, Leuven, Heferlee, Heferleebos, on Lepteutypa fuckelii on Tilia cordata from Belgium (see the generic amendment above).Notes: Jaklitsch et al.  proposedAmphisphaeria gaubae (Petr.) Y. Z. Wang, Aptroot & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity Res. Ser. 13: 13 (2004)MycoBank: MB373366; Facesoffungi number: FoF08748Didymosphaeria gaubae Petr., Sydowia 8: 195. (1954)\u2261 Lambertia formosa (Proteaceae), 14 July 1950, Gauba .Typus: Australia, Australian Capital District, Jervis Bay, on dead leaves of Didymosphaeria gaubae to Amphisphaeria and Wang et al. \u2261 Sphaeria acerina (Rehm) Cooke & Plowr. (1833)= Didymosphaeria acerina Rehm, Ascomyceten: no. 2237 (1874)= Didymosphaeria acerina var. fraxini G. Winter ex Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 1: 714 (1882)= Massariopsis acerina (Rehm) Kirschst., Annls mycol. 33(3/4): 218 (1935)= Corylus avellana (Betulaceae), in spring, Morthier, Fuckel, Fungi Rhen. Exs. nr. 2661 (holotype?)Typus: Switzerland, Neuch\u00e2tel, Ca. Neuchatel, on dry branches of Didymodphaeria species under Amphisphaeria multipunctata. Samuels et al. \u2261 Typus: Thailand, Chiang Rai Province, on submerged decaying wood in a freshwater stream, Nov. 2013, K.D. Hyde, ZL-23 ; ex-type living culture MFLUCC 14-0045.Amphisphaeria aquatica (later re-named A. neoaquatica) which is similar to A. uniseptata by having subglobose, black, immersed ascomata and long cylindrical asci. ITS-LSU phylogeny shows that A. neoaquatica is basal to amphisphaeriaceous species , Dimaro, Folgarida, on the branch of Amphisphaeria sorbi with its holomorph and LSU phylogeny from Italy. Amphisphaeria sorbi is highly similar to A. vibratilis but differs in having small perithecia, wide, non-flexuose paraphyses and smooth-walled ascospores without deeply pigmented septa.Notes: Liu et al.  introducAmphisphaeria thailandica Samarak. & K.D. Hyde, Phytotaxa 391 (3): 210\u2013211 (2019)MycoBank: MB555397; Facesoffungi number: FoF04977Typus: Thailand, Phayao, Phu Sang, Doi Phu Nang, on a dead branch, 20 July 2017, M.C. Samarakoon, SAMC097 .Amphisphaeria thailandica is distinguished from other Amphisphaeria species by having subglobose to oval, hyaline bi-guttulate immature and light brown to greyish bi-guttulate ascospores, lacking a mucilaginous sheath.Notes: Amphisphaeria uniseptata  Samarak., Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB836132; Facesoffungi number: FoF08763Clypeosphaeria uniseptata C.K.M. Tsui, K.D. Hyde & Hodgkiss, Mycologia 93(5): 1004 (2001)\u2261 Lepteutypa uniseptata  Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Persoonia 37: 88 (2016a)= Typus: Hong Kong, Tai Po, Lam Tsuen River, on submerged wood, Sept. 1997, R.M. Tsui, EjM 247 (HKU(M) 8095, holotype); ex-type living culture HKUCC 6579.Amphisphaeria uniseptata on submerged wood from Hong Kong and noted that it is similar to A. pakistanae in having ellipsoidal, brown, 1-sepatate but differs from having thick-walled ascospores. Jaklitsch et al. \u2261 Massariella vibratilis (Fuckel) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 1: 716 (1882)= Phorcys vibratilis (Fuckel) J. Schr\u00f6t., Kryptogamische Flora Schlesiens 3: 381 (1897)= Massariella vibratilis var. mespili Pass., in Brunaud, Ann. Soc. Sci. nat. Char.-Marit. 25: 29 (1888)= Prunus sp. (Rosaceae), June 1915, J. Macoun .Typus: Canada, British Columbia, on the stem of Amphisphaeria vibratilis has asci with the J\u2212 apical ring and verrucose ascospores with a mucilaginous sheath.Notes: Wang et al.  re-examiAmphisphaeria yunnanensis Dissan., J.C. Kang & K.D. Hyde, in Dissanayake et al. Phytotaxa 446 (3): 144\u2013158 (2020)MycoBank: MB556876; Facesoffungi number: FoF06505Typus: China, Yunnan Province, Qujing, on a dead branch of an unknown host, 06 May 2019, L.S. Dissanayake, DW1137-048 ; ex-type living culture KUMCC 19-0188.Amphisphaeria yunnanensis has ascomata with narrow and long ostioles, asci with the J\u2013 apical ring and ascospores without a gelatinous sheath.Notes: Lepteutypa lack molecular data and asexual morphs. There are some \u201cLepteutypa\u201d species that have been considered with pestaloid-like asexual morphs as mentioned in the relevant notes below and it is not possible to place them in Amphisphaeria. Therefore, these \u201clepteutypa-like\u201d taxa need to be recollected, and sexual\u2013asexual connections, molecular data, and generic affiliations established. We therefore do not treat them in Amphisphaeria sensu stricto.Ten species of Lepteutypa alpestris (Ellis & Everh.) M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 46: 56 (1993)Melanomma alpestre Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 46(3): 328 (1894)= Arctostaphylos nevadensis (Ericaceae), July 1886, W.N. Suksdorf, 268 .Typus: USA, Washington, Mt. Paddo, on dead twigs of Lepteutypa alpestris with the sexual morph. However, they noted that one perithecium contained stromatic nature. Barr Keissleriella podocarpi Butin, Sydowia 27(1\u20136): 273 (1975) [1973\u20131974]= Podocarpus nubigenus (Podocarpaceae), 29 August 1968, H. Butin (holotype).Typus: Chile, La Uni\u00f3n, leaves of Lepteutypa podocarpi was introduced by Butin [Podocarpus nubigenus in Chile. Based on similar ascospore septation and a pestaloid asexual morph, van der Aa [Lepteutypa.Notes: by Butin  from Podn der Aa  acceptedLepteutypa sabalicola (Ellis & G. Martin) M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 46: 57 (1993)Sphaeria sabalicola Ellis & G. Martin, Am. Nat. 16: 810 (1882)= Leptosphaeria sabalicola (Ellis & G. Martin) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 2: LVII (1883)= Heptameria sabalicola (Ellis & G. Martin) Cooke, Grevillea 18(no. 86): 32 (1889)= Serenoa serrulata , Feb. 1881, Martin (holotype).Typus: USA, Florida, on petioles of Serenoa serrulata from Florida. Ascomata are usually gregarious beneath a conspicuous blackened clypeus. Ascospores are verruculose under the narrow hyaline coating. Another collection from Florida on Aralia spinosa is identical in asci and ascospores, but the ascomata form beaks that protrude 330\u2013449 beyond the blackened clypeus.Notes: Barr  re-examiLepteutypa tropicalis Dulym., Sivan., P.F. Cannon & Peerally, in Dulymamode, Cannon & Sivanesan, Mycol. Res. 105(2): 249 (2001)Pandanus rigidifolius (Pandanaceae), 30 April 1996, R. Dulymamode, P52 .Typus: Mauritius, Petrin, on dead basal leaves of Lepteutypa tropicalis on the adaxial surface of dead fallen leaf bases of Pandanus rigidifolius and P. palustris from Mauritius.Notes: Dulymamode et al.  introducLepteutypa ulmicola (Ellis & Everh.) M.E. Barr, Mycotaxon 46: 57 (1993)= Clypeosphaeria ulmicola Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 45: 138 (1893)Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae), April 1892, Dearness, 1776 .Typus: Canada, Ontario, on dead branches of Lepteutypa ulmicola have one median septum and two distosepta with strongly pigmented and irregularly roughened walls.Notes: Ascospores of Hymenopleella Munk, Dansk Bot. Ark. 15(no. 2): 89 (1953)MycoBank: MB2416; Facesoffungi number: FoF08765Dyrithiopsis L. Cai et al., Mycologia 95: 912 (2003)= Neotruncatella Hyang B. Lee & T.T.T. Nguyen, Fungal Diversity 80: 198 (2016)= Trochilispora V.P. Abreu, A.W.C. Rosado & O.L. Pereira, Fungal Diversity: 96, 169 (2019)= Hymenopleella hippopha\u00ebicola Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, Persoonia 37: 96 (2016)Type species: MycoBank: MB814829; Facesoffungi number: FoF08766Hippopha\u00eb rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae), 12 August 2012, W. Jaklitsch ; ex-type living culture CBS 140410.Typus: Austria, Nieder\u00f6sterreich, Gerasdorf, Marchfeldkanalweg, on twigs of Hymenopleella is a sexual morph genus and sexual-asexual connection was confirmed through phylogeny by Liu et al. [Dyrithiopsis and Neotruncatella under Hymenopleella. Jaklitsch et al. [Hymenopleella hippopha\u00ebicola, while Liu et al. [Notes: u et al.  while syh et al.  epitypifu et al.  emended Hymenopleella schefflerae  Samarak., Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov.MycoBank: MB836133; Facesoffungi number: FoF08767Trochilispora schefflerae V.P. Abreu, A.W.C. Rosado & O.L. Pereira, in Hyde et al., Fungal Divers 96: 171\u2013173 (2019)\u2261 Schefflera morototoni , 30 January 2016, V.P. Abreu & O.L. Pereira ; ex-type living culture COAD 2371.Typus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Paraopeba, Floresta Nacional de Paraopeba (FLONA-Paraopeba), on leaves of For description, see Hyde et al., Fungal Divers 96: 1\u2013242 (2019)Trochilispora schefflerae (COAD 2371) are most similar to Hymenopleella (= Dyrithiopsis) (Sporocadaceae). The LSU-ITS-RPB2 phylogeny in this study also revealed that T. schefflerae clustered with Hymenopleella austroafricana (CPC 21940) with high statistical support. When the genus was introduced in Amphisphaeriaceae, the phylogeny lacked sufficient taxa selection, i.e., they used taxa in Bartaliniaceae, Discosiaceae, Pestalotiopsidaceae, and Robillardaceae which are now synonymized under Sporocadaceae [Monochaetia, Morinia) and Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis (Ellurema) [T. schefflerae is closely related to Hymenopleella hippophaeicola (CBS 140410). However, Trochilispora was introduced as a new genus with an uncertain phylogenetic position in Amphisphaeriaceae [Trochilispora schefflerae was introduced based on acervular conidiomata, a 3\u20135-celled, thickened, brown peridium, small conidiophores, discrete, annellidic conidiogenous cells and fusiform, straight or slightly curved, 3\u20134-septate conidia with medium brown central cells and hyaline to subhyaline end cells with an apical cell with a tubular, filiform, single, eccentric, unbranched, aseptate appendage and basal cell without a basal appendage. However, the photo plate shows a coelomycetous conidiomata and similar morphology to Hymenopleella  and septate conidia . Conidia of Trochilispora schefflerae have longer apical appendages (2.5\u20137.5 \u03bcm) compared to those of H. austroafricana (1.5\u20134.5 \u03bcm). Moreover, the spores of T. schefflerae lack basal appendages, which may be present in H. austroafricana. Based on morphology and phylogeny, here we treat Trochilispora as a synonym of Hymenopleella and accordingly recombine T. schefflerae in Hymenopleella.Notes: A BLASTn search of ITS and LSU sequences of cadaceae . In addillurema) . The phyllurema)  showed teriaceae . Trochile et al. , Liu et e et al. ). TrochiLepteutypa and related genera is still unclear. Our morpho-molecular study corroborated this fact and revealed that Lepteutypa is an ill-defined genus and cannot be clearly segregated from Amphisphaeria. Barr [Amphisphaeria and Lepteutypa are placed together with brown ascospores  and single or few ascomata beneath the clypeus. According to her concept, taxa with 1-septate, smooth-walled or ornamented ascospore bearing species were placed in Amphisphaeria, while 3-septate ascospores with brown terminal cells, lacking elongate appendages, distoseptate at times, a wall usually ornamented and surrounded by narrow mucilaginous sheath were placed in Lepteutypa. This means that the ascospore septation played a key role in distinguishing the two genera. Jaklitsch et al. [Clypeosphaeria unisepta with L. unisepta addressing the ascospores septation as an insignificant characteristic for generic delimitation. Samuels et al. [Jaklitsch et al.  concludeia. Barr  providedh et al.  combineds et al.  had prevAmphisphaeria and Lepteutypa species differ in eutypoid stromata and septation of ascospores in the protologues. However, we consider that these morphologies are not sufficient to distinguish these genera. Here, we synonymize Lepteutypa under Amphisphaeria.Several other studies also show that intraspecific morphological variations are not sufficient for generic delimitation (e.g., Hirayama and Tanaka ; Jaklits"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-59463-9, published online 13 February 2020Correction to: This Article contains errors in Reference 17 which is incorrectly given as:Ravanbakhsh, H., Bao, G., Latifi, N. & Mongeau, L. G. Functionalized carbon nanotube-based composite hydrogels for vocal fold tissue engineering: Biocompatibility, rheology, and swelling, Materials Science and Engineering: C 109861 (2019).The correct reference is listed below as Reference"}
{"text": "Primary lateral sclerosis: consensus diagnostic criteria. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020;91:373\u20137.Turner MR, Barohn RJ, Corcia P, In this paper, Georg Haase should have been included in the collaborators list."}
{"text": "Article title: An emerging coronavirus causing pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China: calling for developing therapeutic and prophylactic strategiesAuthors: Jiang S., Du L., & Shi Z.Journal:Emerging Microbes & InfectionsBibliometrics: Volume 9, Number 1, pages 275\u2013277DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1723441When the article was first published online, there were few corrections in Figure 1. This has now been corrected in online."}
{"text": "Note, in Schilling EA, Aseltine RH Jr, Glanovsky JL, James A, Jacobs D. Adolescent alcohol use, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. J Adolesc Health. 2009;44: 335\u2013341. pmid:19306791.Additionally, the publication year is incorrectly listed as 2014 for Reference 52 in [Swahn MH, Bossarte RM, Choquet M, Hassler C, Falissard B, Chau N. Early substance use initiation and suicide ideation and attempts among students in France and the United States. Int J Public Health. 2012;57: 95\u2013105.S1 File(DOC)Click here for additional data file.S2 File(XLSX)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error.The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Krishna Bahadur KC. The correct citation is: Hannah L, Roehrdanz PR, KC KB, Fraser EDG, Donatti CI, Saenz L, et al. (2020) The environmental consequences of climate-driven agricultural frontiers. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228305."}
{"text": "Retraction to: Int J Reprod BioMed (2019) 17: 727-738doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v17i10.5292This article has been retracted at the request of the IJRM editorial board, based on theresults of an investigation which found serious flaws in the study results.http://journals.ssu.ac.ir/ijrmnew/article-1-1695-en.html.The online version of the original article can be found at Salahshoor MR1, Faramarzi A1,2, Roshankhah Sh1, Jalili C2.1Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of MedicalSciences, Kermanshah, Iran.2Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, KermanshahUniversity of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Corresponding Author:Cyrus Jalili: Department of Anatomical Sciences, Daneshgah Ave., Taghbostan,Kermanshah, Iran. Postal Code: 6714869914Salahshoor MREmail: reza.salahshoor@yahoo.comFaramarzi AEmail: a.faramarzi90@gmail.comRoshankhah ShEmail: roshankhah@yahoo.comJalili CEmail: cyja2019@gmail.com"}
{"text": "Some details about author affiliations should to be updated in the article . We sincBocong Yuan, Zhaoguo Wang and Lily Wu are currently affiliated to the School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University.Jiannan Li is currently affiliated to the International School of Business & Finance, Sun Yat-sen University.The corrected author list is provided below:1, Jiannan Li 2,*, Zhaoguo Wang 1,* and Lily Wu 1Bocong Yuan 1 School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, West Xingang Rd. 135, Guangzhou 510275, China; yuanbc@mail.sysu.edu.cn (B.Y.); wull9@mail2.sysu.edu.cn (L.W.)2 International School of Business & Finance, Sun Yat-sen University, West Xingang Rd. 135, Guangzhou 510275, China. * Correspondence: lijnanna@mail.sysu.edu.cn (J.L.); wzglinyi2007@163.com (Z.W.)"}
{"text": "Article title: Chromatin remodelling factor BAF155 protects hepatitis B virusX protein (HBx) from ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradationAuthors: Chen, H., Zhang, Y., Ye, S., Wu, Q., Lin, Y., Shen, K., Chen, W.,Lin, X., & Lin, X.Journal: Emerging Microbes & InfectionsDOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1666661This article was originally published with an error in"}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct citation is: Komaki Y, Debacker C, Djemai B, Ciobanu L, Tsurugizawa T, Le Bihan D (2020) Differential effects of aquaporin-4 channel inhibition on BOLD fMRI and diffusion fMRI responses in mouse visual cortex. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0228759."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Geriatr 20, 157 (2020)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01567-yFollowing publication of the original article , we haveCurrently authors first and last names are: Linsheng Lv, Yan Lei, Liu Xun and Miaoxiaiven Chen.They should be as follows: Linsheng Lv, Lei Yan, Xun Liu and Miaoxia Chen.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Thailand has a great diversity of ant fauna as a zoogeographical crossroads and biodiversity hotspot. The last publication presenting a Thai ant checklist was published in 2005. In the present paper, based on an examination of museum specimens and published records, a comprehensive and critical species list of Thai ants is synthesized. Currently, 529 valid species and subspecies in 109 genera among ten subfamilies are known from Thailand with their diversity and distribution within 77 provinces presented and assigned to six geographical regions. Furthermore, Thailand is the type locality for 81 ant species. Forty-one species are here newly recorded for Thailand with photographs illustrating these species. The checklist provides information on distribution and a comprehensive bibliography. This study will also serve as a guide for the upper northeast and central Thailand, which are poorly sampled; a comprehensive reference list relating to endemic taxa and localities where conservation is an important priority, thus an essential resource for policy makers and conservation planners concerned with the management of insect diversity in Thailand; and a list of exotic ant species found in Thailand, which could possibly impact the ecological balance. One thousand and five hundreds kilometers separate the northern from the southern parts of the country, while the maximum width is ca. 800 km. Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the west by Myanmar and the Andaman Sea, and to the south by Malaysia and the Gulf of Thailand. Thailand has been divided into six geographical regions: northern, northeastern, central, eastern, western, and southern; with each region being unique in terms of geography, human population size, and available resources .Thailand, with an area of 513,120 kmesources . Thailanesources  and is cesources . Ant divesources , as wellCamponotusexiguoguttatus  and Camponotusirritans Forel, 1886 were presented in Forel (1892). Since that time, several other foreign researchers have contributed to taxonomic and faunistic studies , Ant Museum of Kasetsart University, Thailand (AMK) and Seiki Yamane\u2019s Collection at Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Japan (SKYC) have been examined. Most specimens were collected by W. Jaitrong and Sk. Yamane. Specimens deposited in several University collections in Thailand  were also examined. Specimens were identified mainly by W. Jaitrong and Sk. Yamane using taxonomic keys for Southeast Asian ants  are also added here.The data compilation also includes records from the GABI database , which hmaps.org . SeparatFormicidae and Catalogue of Ants of the World  and names of national parks (NP), wildlife sanctuaries (WS), botanical gardens (BG), districts (Dist) or subdistricts (Subdist) in parentheses. Type locality of species described from Thailand is marked with an asterisk (*).All known localities for each species are shown according to six geopolitical regions; starting from the north, to northeast, west, center, east, and lastly to the south. Geopolitical regions are denoted in bold type followed by provinces  have been removed from Aenictusceylonicus was previously reported to be widespread in Southeast Asia including Thailand (Willson 1964), but most recent work now considers it to be restricted to India and Sri Lanka  is considered to be a misidentification of D.orbiculatum, here corrected in the present study.This updated checklist contains 529 ant species and subspecies from Thailand belonging to 109 genera and ten subfamilies; among them, 283 species were cited previously in ri Lanka . CalyptoMyrmicinae comprises 36.70% of all genera and 40.83% of all species, followed by Formicinae (17.43% and 25.14%), Ponerinae (17.43% and 10.59%), Dorylinae (11.01% and 9.83%), and Dolichoderinae (6.42% and 6.62%), respectively. The rest, the smaller subfamilies collectively constitute 11.01% and 6.99% of all genera and species known from Thailand respectively . Thus, to date the number of species and subspecies known from Thailand accounts for 3.39% of the global total and 32.34% of the Southeast Asian species. Known ant fauna in Thailand seem relatively poor when compared to those of China, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia . This may be because intensive surveys have started only recently, some of those countries are larger, or are in closer proximity to the equator, where biodiversity is greater. In nearby countries such as Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam, only approximately to 300 species have been reported , Pheidole , Aenictus , Strumigenys , Crematogaster , Camponotus  and Tetramorium  a guide for collection in the poorly sampled northeast and central Thailand; 2) a comprehensive reference list with the endemic taxa and localities where conservation is an important priority of the resource for policy makers, conservation planners, and management of insect diversity in Thailand; and 3) a list of exotic ant species found in Thailand, which could possibly impact the ecological balance.We encourage myrmecologists holding additional data on systematically collected ant assemblages to produce an updated data set. Also, new intensive surveys of Thai ants are being conducted, as well as unknown specimens being continuously identified to species level.Myopoponecastanea Amblyoponecastanea Smith, 1860a: 105, pl. 1, fig. 6.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Central: Pitsanulok , Nakhon Nayok (Nang Rong). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Chang). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Mystriumcamillae Emery, 1889Figs 3Mystriumcamillae Emery, 1889a: 491, pl. 10, figs 1\u20133.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Mae Fa Luang), Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP), Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP), Mae Hong Son (Phang Ma Pha). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Bueng Kan (Seka). Eastern: Prachin Buri (Mueang Prachin Buri), Sakaeo (Pang Sida NP), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Central: Uthai Thani (Haui Kha Khaeng WS), Nakhon Nayok.Remarks. New record.Material examined. N Thailand, Chiang Rai Prov, Mae Fa Luang Dist, Doi Tung, 23.X.2017, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT230917\u201311 (THNHM); same locality and collector, 22.X.2018, WJT221018\u201302 (THNHM); N Thailand, Lampang Prov, Ngao Dist, Tham Pha Thai NP, 20.XII.2001 (THNHM); N Thailand, Mae Hong Son Prov, Phang Ma Pha Dist, 9.III.2008, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); N Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov, Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP, S. Hasin leg. (SKYC); NE Thailand, Loei Prov, Phu Luang WS, 10.IV.2008, W. Jaitrong leg., TH08\u2013WJT\u2013501 (THNHM); same loc., 11.IV.2008, Sk. Yamane leg., TH08\u2013SKY\u201387 (SKYC); NE Thailand, Bueng Kan Prov, Seka Dist, Sang Subdist, rubber plantation, 20.VI.2018, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT200618\u201317 (THNHM); same locality, date and collector, WJT200618\u201318 (THNHM); E Thailand, Prachin Buri, Mueang Prachin Buri Dist, Ban Nuen Hom, 21.X.2017, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT211017\u20131 (THNHM); E Thailand, Sa Kaeo Prov, Pang Sida NP, 11.IV.2008, unknown collector (THNHM); E Thailand, Chanthaburi Prov, Khao Soi Dao, 6.V.2006, Watana leg. (THNHM); C Thailand, Uthai Thani Prov, Ban Rai Dist, Huai Kha Khaeng WS, 6.II.2013, W. Jaitrong leg., TH13\u2013WJT\u2013017 (THNHM); C Thailand, Nakhon Nayok Prov, Nang Rong Temple, 10.VIII.2018, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT100818\u20132 (THNHM).Prionopeltakraepelini Forel, 1905Figs 5Prionopeltakraepelini Forel, 1905: 3.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Ratchaprapa Dam), Satun (near Phupha Phet Cave).Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Surat Thani Prov, Ban Takhun Dist, Ratchaprapa Dam, Khlong Pae, 1.III.2019, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT010319\u201309 (THNHM); S Thailand, Satun Prov, Manang Dist, Ban Palm Pattana, near Phupha Phet Cave, 23.XII.2018, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT231218\u201324 (THNHM).Stigmatommacrenatum Amblyoponecrenata Xu, 2001: 553, figs 18\u201320.SouthernDistribution. : Trang (Khao Chong BG)References.Stigmatommaquadratum Karavaiev, 1935Stigmatommaquadratum Karavaiev, 1935: 58.Distribution. Thailand .References.Stigmatommareclinatum Amblyoponereclinata Mayr, 1879: 667.NortheasternDistribution. : Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS). Central: Saraburi (Phu Kae BG). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Amblyoponereclinata Mayr, 1879), Amblyoponereclinata Mayr, 1879)Stigmatommarothneyi Amblyopone (Stigmatomma) rothneyi Forel, 1900b: 56.Distribution. Northern: Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP).References.Xymmerphungi Satria, Sasaki, Bui, Oguri, Syoji, Fisher, Yamane & Eguchi, 2016Figs 7XymmerphungiEasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).Remarks. New record.Material examined. E Thailand, Chachoengsao Prov, Thatakiab Dist, Khao Ang Reu Nai WS, Lumchangwat Station, 28.XII.2002, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT281202\u201301 (THNHM).Dolichoderusaffinis Emery, 1889Dolichoderusaffinis Emery, 1889a: 508, pl. 11, fig. 20.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS).References.Dolichoderusbeccarii Emery, 1887Dolichoderusbeccarii Emery, 1887b: 253.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Dolichoderusbutteli Forel, 1913Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) butteli Forel, 1913: 89.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS). Western: Tak , Phetchaburi (KaeTao ng Kachan NP). Eastern: Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Dolichoderuscuspidatus Polyrhachiscuspidatus Smith, 1857: 63.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Pattani (Nong Chik), Narathiwat .References.Dolichoderuserectilobus Santschi, 1920Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) erectilobus Santschi, 1920: 171, fig. 2.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai , Lampang (Doi Khun Tan), Phayao (Ban Pak Pok). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Ruea).References.Dolichoderusfeae Emery, 1889Dolichoderusfeae Emery, 1889a: 509, pl. 11, fig. 21.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Chiang Rai , Nan (Doi Phukha NP), Mae Hong Son (Sop Pong). Western: Tak , Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kaeng Krachan NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS).References.Dolichoderuslaotius Santschi, 1920Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) laotius Santschi, 1920: 170.NortheasternDistribution. : Ubon Ratchathani (Khong Chiam), Nakhon Ratchasima ; Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi .References.Dolichoderussemirugosus Hypoclineasemirugosus Mayr, 1870: 956 (diagnosis in key).NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Yala.References.Dolichoderussiggii Forel, 1895Dolichoderussiggii Forel, 1895: 465.CentralDistribution. : unknown locality. Eastern: Chachoengs (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Dolichoderussulcaticeps Hypoclineasulcaticeps Mayr, 1870: 957.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Bangkok*. Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Songkhla (Hat Yai).References.Dolichoderustaprobanae Formicataprobane Smith, 1858: 13.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Ratchaburi (Khao Lam). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS).References.Dolichoderustaprobanaesiamensis Forel, 1911Dolichoderustaprobanaevar.siamensis Forel, 1911a: 46.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai*. Western: Tak (Umphang WS), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS).References.Dolichoderusthoracicus Tapinomathoracica Smith, 1860b: 69.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Tab Sakae), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi , Pathum Thani , Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phuket , Krabi (Ko Lanta NP), Trang , Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Iridomyrmexanceps Formicaanceps Roger, 1863: 164.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang NP), Ubon Ratchathani (Khong Chiam), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Nakhon Sawan (Bueng Boraphet), Uthai Thani (Haui Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khlung), Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Phuket , Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Surat Thani , Krabi (Ko Lanta NP), Trang , Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Ochetellusglaber Hypoclineaglaber Mayr, 1862: 705.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Central: Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Bangkok (Bang Khen).References.Philidriscordata Formicacordata Smith, 1859: 137.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai .References.Philidrismyrmecodiae Iridomyrmexcordatusvar.myrmecodiae Emery, 1887a: 249.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai .References.Tapinomaindicum Forel, 1895Tapinomaindicum Forel, 1895: 472.NorthernDistribution. : Nan (Si Nan NP). Western: Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum).References.Tapinomamelanocephalum Formicamelanocephalum Fabricius, 1793: 353.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Loei , Ubon Ratchathani (Khong Chiam), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Bangkok, Uthai Thani (Haui Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Surat Thani , Phuket , Krabi (Ko Lanta NP), Trang , Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Pattani (Nong Chik), Narathiwat .References.Technomyrmexalbipes Formica (Tapinoma) albipes Smith, 1861: 38.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Pang Mapha), Lampang (Ngao), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation). Western: Tak , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Mukdahan (Phu SithanWS), Bueng Kan (Bueng Kan Forest Plantation). Central: Phetchabun (Bueng Sam Pan), Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao). Eastern: Rayong (Mu Ko Man), Chanthaburi , Trat . Southern: Phuket , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Thung Khai BG), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Songkhla (Songkhlanakarin University), Pattani (Nong Chik).References.Technomyrmexbutteli Forel, 1913Technomyrmebutteli Forel, 1913: 97, fig. C.WesternDistribution. : Phechaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Tak (Umphang WS). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Narathiwat .References.Technomyrmexbrunneus Forel, 1895Technomyrmexalbipesr.brunneus Forel, 1895: 467.Distribution. Northern: Lumphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation).References.Technomyrmexdifficilis Forel, 1892Technomyrmexdifficilis Forel, 1892b: 242.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai (Chiang Dao WS). Western: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Eastern: Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Ranong (Ngao), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Technomyrmexelatior Forel, 1902Technomyrmexmodiglianiir.elatior Forel, 1902a: 293.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Phetchabun (Bueng Sam Pan). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS), Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Technomyrmexgrandis Emery, 1887Figs 9Technomyrmexgrandis Emery, 1887b: 248.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP), Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Surat Thani Prov, Ban Lumphun, Tai Rom Yen NP, 11.X.2011, W. Jaitrong leg., TH11\u2013WJT\u201333 (THNHM); Phatthalung Prov, Si Banphot Dist, Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP, Riang Thong Waterfall, 28.IX.2007, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT07\u2013TH2059 (THNHM).Technomyrmexhorni Forel, 1912Technomyrmexhorni Forel, 1912d: 71.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP), Rayong (Mu Ko Man), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Phuket , Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Technomyrmexkraepelini Forel, 1905Technomyrmexkraepelini Forel, 1905: 23.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai WS). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Satun (Tarutao NP), Pattani (Namtok Sai Khao NP).References.Technomyrmexlisae Forel, 1913Figs 11Technomyrmexlisae Forel, 1913: 94, fig. D.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Surat Thani Prov, Khlong Saeng WS, 15.X.2011, Sk. Yamane leg., TH11\u2013SKY\u2013120 ; S Thailand, Trang Prov, Khao Chong BG, 10.VIII.2009, WJT09\u2013TH2030 (THNHM); S Thailand, Songkhla Prov, Ton Nga Chang WS, 25.VII.2004, WJT04\u2013S019 (THNHM).Technomyrmexmodiglianii Emery, 1900Technomyrmexmodiglianii Emery, 1900b: 696, fig. 12.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Nan (Nakhon Nan Forest Plantation). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan . Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Nakhon Nayok (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Pheao NP). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla.References.Technomyrmexobscurior Wheeler, 1928Technomyrmexschimmerivar.obscurior Wheeler, 1928c: 31.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Phang Ma Pha). Western: Tak , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai WS). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Technomyrmexpratensis Tapinomapratensis Smith, 1860a: 97.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Tham Lot Forest Park). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS). Central: Uthai Thani (Haui Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Prachin Buri (Khao Yai NP), Chon Buri (Ko Samaesarn), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Surat Thani (rubber plantation).References.Technomyrmexreductus Bolton, 2007Figs 13Technomyrmexreductus Bolton, 2007: 98, fig. 56.WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan WS). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. W Thailand, Phetchaburi Prov, Kaeng Krachan NP, 370 m alt., 24.VI.2014, Sk. Yamane & M. Maruyama leg., TH14\u2013SKY\u201318 ; S Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov, Khao Nan NP, 16.IV.2007, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT07\u2013TH661 (THNHM).Technomyrmexstrenuus Mayr, 1872Figs 15Technomyrmexstrenua Mayr, 1872: 147.WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan WS).Remarks. New record.Material examined. W Thailand, Phetchaburi Prov, Kaeng Krachan NP, 370 m alt., 25.VI.2014, Sk. Yamane & M. Maruyama leg., TH14\u2013SKY\u201343A .Technomyrmexvitiensis Mann, 1921Technomyrmexalbipesvar.vitiensis Mann, 1921: 473.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Phang Mapha). Western: Kanchanaburi (Mae Khlong Watershed Research Station). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat), Si Sa Ket (La\u2013or Forest Plantation), Buri Ram (Mueang Buri Ram). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Songkhla (Kuan Khao Wang Forest Park).References.Technomyrmexyamanei Bolton, 2007Technomyrmexyamanei Bolton, 2007: 107, figs 47, 67.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP), Nan . Western: Prachuap Khiri Khan. Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS). Central: Phetchabun (Bueng Sam Pan).References.Aenictusartipus Wilson, 1964Aenictusartipus Wilson, 1964: 449, fig. 60 (w).NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Umphang WS). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Eastern: Prachin Buri (Khao Yai NP).References. Jaitrong and Wiwatitaya (2006), Aenictusbinghamii Forel, 1900Aenictusbinghaniri (sic) Forel, 1900a: 76 (w).NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Nan (Si Nan NP), Phrae (Wang Chin). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Mae Khlong Watershed Research Station), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Phitsanulok , Uthai Thani (Haui Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Chon Buri (Khao Kheow), Rayong (Khao Chamao\u2013Khao Wong NP), Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang , Songkhla (Khao Kho Hong), Narathiwat .References. Jaitrong and Wiwatitaya (2006), Aenictusbrevipodus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013Figs 17Aenictusbrevipodus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013: 176, figs 3A\u2013C.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi).Remarks. New record.Material examined. N Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov, Omkoi Dist, Omkoi Forest, Dry Dipterocarp Forest (DDF), 16.VII.2016, W. Jaitrong leg., TH16\u2013WJT\u2013860 (THNHM).Aenictuscamposi Wheeler & Chapman, 1925Aenictuscamposi Wheeler & Chapman, 1925: 48, pl. 1, figs 3, 4.WesternDistribution. : Prachuap Kiri Khan , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Central: Phitsanulok , Uthai Thani (Haui Kha Khaeng WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Huai Nam Yen), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References. Jaitrong and Wiwatitaya (2006), Aenictuschangmaianus Terayama & Kubota, 1993Aenictuschangmaianus Terayama & Kubota, 1993: 68, figs 2\u20134.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Umphang WS). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP).References.Aenictusconcavus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013Aenictusconcavus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013: 178, fig. 4A\u2013C.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP*). Eastern: Chathaburi (Pong Nam Ron).References.Aenictuscornutus Forel, 1900Aenictuscornutus Forel, 1900a: 75.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat (Wang).References.Aenictuscylindripetiolus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013Aenictuscylindripetiolus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013: 180, fig. 5A\u2013G.SouthernDistribution. : Phang\u2013nga , Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang (Khao Chong BG*), Songkhla (Sadao).References.Aenictusdentatus Forel, 1911Aenictusaitkenivar.dentatus Forel, 1911b: 383 (w).SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References. Jaitrong and Wiwatitaya (2006), Aenictusdoydeei Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011Aenictusdoydeei Jaitrong & Yamane, in NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Si Sawat). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Aenictusduengkaei Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012Aenictusduengkaei Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012: 55, figs 2, 7A.NorthernDistribution. : Lampang (Mae Moh Forest Plantation). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS*), Chon Buri (Si Racha).References.Aenictusfuchuanensis Zhou, 2001Aenictusfuchuanensis Zhou, 2001: 231, figs 74, 75.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung). Western: Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Ban Rai), Nakhon Nayok . Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Aenictusfulvus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011Aenictusfulvus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011: 34, figs 28\u201330.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP*), Trang .References.Aenictusgracilis Emery, 1893Aenictusgracilis Emery, 1893a: 187, pl. 8, fig. 1 (w).WesternDistribution. : Tak , Kanchanaburi . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang NP), Narathiwat (Toh Daeng).References.Aenictushodgsoni Forel, 1901Aenictusfergusonivar.hodgsoni Forel, 1901a: 474.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Tham Lot Forest Park), Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Pitsanulok , Uthai Thani (Haui Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS), Rayong (Khao Chamao\u2013Khao Wong NP). Southern: Trang , Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang NP).References.Remarks. All Thai specimens cited as Aenictusfergusoni Forel, 1901a in A.hodgsoni .SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Lansaka), Songkhla (Khao Kho Hong), Narathiwat .References.Aenictusjarujini Jaitrong & Yamane, 2010Aenictusjarujini Jaitrong & Yamane, 2010: 329, figs 1, 2.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi), Mae Hong Son (Haui Nam Dang NP*).References.Aenictuskhaoyaiensis Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013Aenictuskhaoyaiensis Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013: 194, fig. 10A\u2013C.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima .References.Aenictuslaeviceps Typhlattalaeviceps Smith, 1857: 79 (w).WesternDistribution. : Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP), Chon Buri (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Phang\u2013nga (Khao Lak), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Krabi (Ko Lanta NP), Trang , Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Aenictusleptotyphlatta Jaitrong & Eguchi, 2010Aenictusleptotyphlatta Jaitrong & Eguchi, 2010: 14, figs 1, 2.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Mai University*). Western: Kanchanaburi .References.Aenictuslonginodus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012Aenictuslonginodus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012: 59, figs 4, 7.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang NP), Trang , Songkhla .References.Aenictusmaneerati Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013Aenictusmaneerati Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013: 201, fig. 13A\u2013C.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Mae Yod). Western: Tak .References.Aenictusminutulus Terayama & Yamane, 1989Aenictusminutulus Terayama & Yamane, 1989SouthernDistribution. : Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Aenictusnishimurai Terayama & Kubota, 1993Aenictusnishimurai Terayama & Kubota, 1993: 70, figs 9, 10.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Kanchanaburi (Sai Yok NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Central: Phitsanulok , Saraburi (Phu Kae BG).References.Aenictusnuchiti Jaitrong & Ruangsittichai, 2018Aenictusnuchiti Jaitrong & Ruangsittichai, 2018: 106, figs 1, 2, 4.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai .References.Aenictusparadentatus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2012Aenictusparadentatus Jaitrong & Yamane, in NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Pang Mapha), Nan (Si Nan NP). Western: Tak , Prachuap Khiri Khan (Tab Sakae). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Central: Phitsanulok (Phu Soi Dao), Uthai Thani (Haui Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi .References.Aenictusparahuonicus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011Aenictusparahuonicus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011: 19, figs 17\u201319.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi), Phrae (Wang Chin). Western: Tak (Umphang WS). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Trang (Thung Khai BG*).References.Remarks. All Thai specimens cited as Aenictushuonicus Wilson, 1964 in A.parahuonicus in the present paper sensu, Aenictuspeguensis Emery, 1895Aenictuspeguensis Emery, 1895: 452.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi). Eastern: Chon Buri (Nong Ta Yu Aboretum).References.Aenictuspinkaewi Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013Aenictuspinkaewi Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013: 207, fig. 16A\u2013C.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak . Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS).References.Aenictussamungi Jaitrong & Ruangsittichai, 2018Aenictussamungi Jaitrong & Ruangsittichai, 2018: 109, figs 3, 5.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS*).References.Aenictussiamensis Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011Aenictussiamensis Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011: 42, figs 35\u201337.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS*), Loei (Phu Luang WS). Central: Phitsanulok (Phu Soi Dao NP).References.Aenictussonchaengi Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011Aenictussoncheangi Jaitrong & Yamane, 2011: 43, figs 38\u201340.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Ratchaprapa Dam), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP*), Songkhla (Khao Kho Hong), Narathiwat .References.Aenictusstenocephalus Jaitrong & Yamane, 2010Aenictusstenocephalus Jaitrong & Yamane, in NortheasternDistribution. : Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS*).References.Aenictusthailandianus Terayama & Kubota, 1993Aenictusthailandianus Terayama & Kubota, 1993: 71, figs 11\u201313 (w).NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai .References.Aenictusvieti Jaitrong & Yamane, 2010Aenictusvieti Jaitrong & Yamane, in WesternDistribution. : Tak (Umphang WS).References.Aenictuswatanasiti Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013Aenictuswatanasiti Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013: 213, fig. 18A\u2013D.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai, . Western: Tak . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Aenictuswilaiae Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013Aenictuswilaiae Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013: 215, fig. 19A\u2013C.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Dao WS). Western: Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Trat (Ko Kut). Central: Uthai Thani (Ban Rai), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS*), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang , Songkhla .References.Aenictuswiwatwitayai Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013Aenictuswiwatwitayai Jaitrong & Yamane, 2013: 218, fig. 20A\u2013C.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat*). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Aenictusyamanei Wiwatwitaya & Jaitrong, 2011Figs 19Aenictusyamanei Wiwatwitaya & Jaitrong, 2011: 562, figs 2A\u2013D, 3.WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan WS), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Sat Yai). Southern: Surat Thani (Khlong Yan WS).Remarks. New record.Material examined. W Thailand, Phetchaburi Prov, Kaeng Krachan NP, 26.XII.2007, I. Chama (THNHM); S Thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov, Huai Sat Yai, upland rice field, 12.IX.2015, S. Chinkangsadarn leg., CFor003SSP1Q3 (THNHM); S Thailand, Surat Thani Prov, Vibhavadi Dist, Khlong Yan WS, 29.XII.2001, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT01\u2013TH\u201314 (THNHM).Cerapachyssulcinodis Emery, 1889Cerapachyssulcinodis Emery, 1889a: 493.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Chrysapacecostatus Figs 21Cerapachyscostatus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013: 1191, figs 4\u20136.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Dao WS). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Khuean Srinagarindra NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. N Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov, Chiang Dao Dist, Chiang Dao WS, 21.IX.2013, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT210913\u201328 (THNHM); W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Thung Yai Naresuan East WS, Unai Forest Ranger Station, 21.VI.20; W Thailand, Tak Prov, Mae Khlong Yai Village, Umphang WS, Grassland, 1050 m alt., 12.IX.2004, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); W Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov, Khuean Srinagarindra NP, Huai Mae Kamin Waterfall, 6.V.2014 [20104], W. Jaitrong leg., WJT060514\u20134 (THNHM).Doryluslaevigatus Typhloponelaevigats Smith, 1857: 70.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP), Mae Hong Son (Pang Ma Pha). Western: Tak . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Songkhla (Hat Yai), Narathiwat .References.Dorylusorientalis Westwood, 1835Dorylusorientalis Westwood, 1835: 72.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Lampang (Ngao), Uttaradit (Nam Pad). Western: Tak (Umphang WS). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Maha Sarakham (Borabue), Roi Et , Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Eastern: Chanthaburi . Southern: Narathiwat , Ranong (Suk Samran).References.Dorylusvishnui Wheeler, 1913Dorylusvishnui Wheeler, 1913: 233.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan WS). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Pong Nam Ron).References.Eusphinctusfurcatus Emery, 1893Eusphinctusfurcatus Emery, 1893a: 275. Combination in Eusphinctus: Borowiec, 2016: 144.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Sphinctomyrmexfurcatus ).Lioponeralongitarsus Mayr, 1879Lioponeralongitarsus Mayr, 1879: 667. Combination in Cerapachys: Brown, 1975: 23; in Lioponera: Borowiec, 2016: 164.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Cerapachyslongitarsus ), Cerapachyslongitarsus ).Parasysciadohertyi Cerapachysdohertyi Emery, 1902: 25. Combination in Parasyscia: Borowiec, 2016: 204.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS), Trat (Ko Kut).References.Cerapachysdohertyi Emery, 1902), Cerapachysdohertyi Emery, 1902).Simoponeoculata Radchenko, 1993Simoponeoculata Radchenko, 1993: 45, figs 4\u20136.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Mai University). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Kradueng NP).References.Prov, Phu Kradueng NP).Sysciachaladthanyakiji Jaitrong, Wiwatwitaya & Yamane, 2020Sysciachaladthanyakiji Jaitrong, Wiwatwitaya & Yamane, 2020: 3, figs 1\u20136, 11.Distribution.Westhern: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Central: Nakhonnayok (Nang Rong Temple).References.Sysciareticularis Jaitrong, Wiwatwitaya & Yamane, 2020Sysciareticularis Jaitrong, Wiwatwitaya & Yamane, 2020: 6, figs 7\u201310.Distribution. Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang NP).References.Yunodorylussexspinus Xu, 2000Yunodorylussexspinus Xu, 2000: 298, figs 1\u20136. Combination in Cerapachys: Bolton, 2003: 269; in Yunodorylus: Borowiec, 2016: 237.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Mae Chaem). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS).References.Cerapachyssexspenus , [misspelling]), Zasphinctussiamensis Sphinctomyrmexsiamensis Jaitrong, in Zasphinctus: NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Mae Taeng*).References.Gnamptogenysbicolor Ectatomma (Stictoponera) bicolor Emery, 1889a: 493.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (River Kwai Resort Hotel), Phetchaburi (Khang Krachan WS), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri NP). Central: Uthai Thani . Eastern: Chanthaburi . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang .References.Gnamptogenysbinghamii Ectatomma (Stictoponera) binghamii Forel, 1900c: 317.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Sai Yok NP), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP).Chetral: Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Krabi (Ko Lanta NP), Trang .References.Gnamptogenyschapmani Brown, 1958Gnamptogenyschapmani Brown, 1958: 305.WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP).References.Gnamptogenyscoxalis Poneracoxalis Roger, 1860: 308.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Dao Chiang Dao WS). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Gnamptogenyscostata . It was later synonymized with G.coxalis by REMARKS: Gnamptogenyscribrata Rhopaloponecribrata Emery, 1900c: 311.SouthernDistribution. : Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Gnamptogenysmenadensis Ectatomma (Stictoponera) menadensis Mayr, 1887: 539.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Gnamptogenysortostoma Lattke, 2004Gnamptogenysortostoma Lattke, 2004: 139, fig. 31.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai .References.Acropygaacutiventris Roger, 1862Acropygaacutiventris Roger, 1862: 243.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP). Western: Kanchanaburi (Sai Yok NP), Tak . Northeastern: Loei , Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Nakhon Nayok (Nang Rong), Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Kao Nan NP), Songkhla .References.Acropygabutteli Forel, 1912Acropygabutteli Forel, 1912b: 772.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Saraburi (Phukae BG). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Rue Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Krabi (Ko Lanta NP).References.Anoplolepisgracilipes Formicagracilipes Smith, 1857: 55.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lampang , Phrae , Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu SithanWS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi , Bangkok , Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Camponotusangusticollis Formicaangusticollis Jerdon, 1851: 120.SouthernDistribution. : Pattani (Nong Chik).References.Camponotusarrogans Formicaarrogans Smith, 1858: 23.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang NP), Narathiwat .References.Camponotusaureus Dumpert, 2006Camponotusaureus Dumpert, in SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Khao Sok NP*).References.Camponotusauriventris Emery, 1889Camponotusauriventris Emery, 1889b: 514.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Mae Chaem). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP), Loei (Phu Luang WS). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Pattani (Nong Chik).References.Camponotuscamelinus Formicacamelinus Smith, 1857: 57.EasternDistribution. : Chanthaburi (Pong Nam Ron Dist.). Southern: Pattani (Nong Chik).References.Camponotusconcurrens Zettel & Laciny, 2018Camponotusconcurrens Zettel & Laciny, in NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP), Loei (Phu Luang WS). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Pheao NP).References.Camponotusdolichoderoides Forel, 1911Camponotusdolichoderoides Forel, 1911a: 51.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Camponotusexiguoguttatus Forel, 1886Camponotussexguttatussubsp.exiguoguttatus Forel, 1886: 239.CentralDistribution. : Bangkok .References. Forel, 1892a.Camponotusirritabilis Formicairritabilis Smith, 1857: 56.CentralDistribution. : Uthai Thani (Ban Rai). Southern: Krabi (Ko Lanta NP), Trang , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Camponotusirritans Formicairritans Smith, 1857: 55CentralDistribution. : Bangkok.References. Forel, 1892a.Camponotuskhaosokensis Dumpert, 2006Camponotuskhaosokensis Dumpert, 2006: 89. Replacement name for Camponotushoelldobleri Dumpert in SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani .References.Camponotuslasiselene Wang & Wu, 1994Camponotuslasiselene Wang & Wu, 1994: 24, fig. 3.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Lampang , Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Bangkok (Bang Khen). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri (Si Racha), Chanthaburi .References.Camponotusmitis Formicamitis Smith, 1858: 20.SouthernDistribution. : Yala.References.Camponotusmutilarius Emery, 1893Figs 22\u201323Camponotuswasmannivar.mutilarius Emery, 1893b: 224. Revised to species by NorthernDistribution. : Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. N Thailand, Nan Prov, Doi Phu Kha NP, 1300m, 29.V.2004, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM).Camponotusnicobarensis Mayr, 1865Camponotusnicobarensis Mayr, 1865: 31, pl. 1, fig. 1.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Tham Lot Forest Park). Western: Tak , Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Phathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Rue Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Krabi (Ko Lanta NP), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Camponotusoblongus Formicaoblonga Smith, 1858b: 21Distribution. Unknown.References.Camponotusparaleonardi Zettel & Yamane, 2018Camponotusparaleonardi Zettel & Yamane, in SouthernDistribution. : Phang\u2013nga (Khao Lak NP*)References.Camponotusparius Emery, 1889Camponotusmicansr.paria Emery, 1889b: 513.SouthernDistribution. : Yala.References. Binghami (1906).Camponotusrufifemur Emery, 1900Camponotusrufifemur Emery, 1900b: 705.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang (Thung Khai BG), Satun (Tarutao NP), Narathiwat .References.Camponotusrufoglaucus Formicarufoglaucus Jerdon, 1851: 124.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Plantation), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Saraburi , Bangkok , Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang Dist.), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Remarks. No taxonomic revision is available on the C.rufoglaucus group (Myrmosericus) in continental Asia. According to Camponotusdolendus Forel, 1892a is a highland species, while C.rufoglaucus and C.parius occur in lower elevations and found together. We have applied the name C.rufoglaucus to the populations of continental Asia, adopting a wider concept of C.rufoglaucus. Careful comparison of all the castes and sexes is needed to evaluate the status of these three forms.Camponotusschoedli Dumpert, 2006Camponotusschoedli Dumpert, in SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Khao Sok NP*).References.Camponotusschulzianus Zettel & Bal\u00e0ka, 2018Camponotusschulzianus Zettel & Bal\u00e0ka, in SouthernDistribution. : Phang\u2013nga (Khao Lak NP*).References. Zettle et al. (2018).Camponotussericeus Formicacericea Fabricius, 1798: Supplementum Entomologiae Systematical: 279, (w.).NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui), Lampang  Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima References.Camponotussingularis Formicasingularis Smith, 1858: 27.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Mae Fa Luang), Chiang Mai , Nan (Nakhon Nan Forest Plantation). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Narathiwat .References.Camponotussophiae Zettel & Bal\u00e0ka, 2018Camponotussophiae Zettel & Bal\u00e0ka, in Zettle et al. 2018: 149, figs 36\u201339.SouthernDistribution. : Phang\u2013nga (Khao Lak NP*)References.Camponotusweiserti Zettel & Laciny, 2018Camponotusweiserti Zettel & Laciny, in Zettle et al. 2018: 144, figs 32\u201335.SouthernDistribution. : Phang\u2013nga (Khao Lak NP*)References.Cladomyrmapetalae Agosti, 1991Figs 25Cladomyrmapetalae Agosti, 1991: 308, figs 13, 16, 20, 25, 26.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Narathiwat Prov, Hala\u2013Bala WS, 15.IX.2000, S. Hasin leg. (THNHM).Cladomyrmasirindhornae Jaitrong, Laedprathom & Yamane, 2013CladomyrmasirindhornaeNortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Agroforestry Research Station). Central: Nakhon Nayok , Saraburi .References.Colobopsisbadia FormicabadiaColobopsis: SouthernDistribution. : Trang (Khao Chong BG).References. Laciny and Zettel (2018), Colobopsiscylindrica Formicacylindrica Fabricius, 1798: 280. Combination in Colobopsis: SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Camponotuscylindricus ).Colobopsisexplodens Laciny & Zettel, 2018Colobopsisexplodens Laciny & Zettel, in SouthernDistribution. : Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon*).References.Colobopsisleonardi Camponotusleonardi Emery, 1889b: 515, pl. 11, figs 22, 23. Combination in Colobopsis: NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Lampang , Nan (Nakhon Nan Forest Plantation). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Pitsanulok , Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS), Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang NP), Pattani, Narathiwat .References.Colobopsispubescens Mayr, 1862, junior synonym of C.leonardi), Camponotusleonadi Emery, 1889 [misspelling]), Colobopsismarkli Dumpert, 2004Camponotusmarkli Dumpert, in Colobopsis: EasternDistribution. : Chanthaburi (Khao Chamao\u2013Khao Wong NP*).References.Colobopsissaundersi Camponotussaundersi Emery, 1889b: 516. Combination in Colobopsis: WesternDistribution. : Tak (Umphang WS). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi  Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Camponotussaundersi Emery, 1889), Jaitrong and Jeenthong .Colobopsisvitrea Formicavitrea Smith, 1860a: 94. Combination in Colobopsis: EasternDistribution. : Chanthaburi . Southern: Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Camponotusvitreus ).Colobopsisvitreapraerufa Camponotusvitreusvar.praerufa Emery, 1900b: 707.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Dinomyrmexgigas Formicagigas Latreille, 1802: 105, pl. 2, fig. 6. Combination in Dinomyrmex: SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang , Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Songkhla , Pattani (Namtok Sai Khao NP), Narathiwat .References.Camponotusgigas ), Jaitrong & Ting\u2013Nga ).Echinoplacharernsomi Tanansathaporn & Jaitrong, 2018Echinoplacharernsomi Tanansathaporn & Jaitrong, in WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Nakhon Nayok (Mueang Nakhon Nayok).References.Echinoplacherapunjiensis Bharti & Gul, 2012Figs 27Echinoplacherapunjiensis Bharti & Gul, 2012: e\u201353, figs 1\u20133.Distribution. Northesatern: Loei (Phu Luang), Pitsanulok (Phu Soi Dao NP). Western: Tak (Umphang), Phechaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Tak (Tung Yai WS). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Narathiwat (Toh Daeng Swamp Forest).Remarks. New record.Material examined. Loei Prov, Phu Luang WS, 15.V.2007, S. Hasin leg., SH07\u2013TH\u2013101 (THNHM); same locality, and collection, 9.V.2007, SH07\u2013TH\u201315 (THNHM); same locality, date and collector, SH07\u2013TH\u20139 THNHM); Pitsanulok Prov, Phu Soi Dao NP, 8.VII.2006, D. Wiwatwitaya leg., (THNHM); Phetchaburi Prov, Kaeng Krachan NP, 900 m alt., 29.VI.2014, Sk. Yamane & M. Maruyama leg.: same locality, 28.XI.2006, W. Sanguansombat leg., WS280906\u20131 (THNHM); Tak Prov, Tung Yai WS, DEF, 25.V.2000, W. Jaitrong leg. : same locality and collector, 19.II.2015, TH15\u2013WJT\u2013383 (THNHM); same locality and collector, 23.VI.2015 (THNHM); Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov, Khao Nan NP, San Yen, hill evergreen forest (HEF), 22.IV.2007, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); same locality, 500\u2013900 m a.s.l., evergreen forest, 21.VII.2005, N. Noon\u2013anant leg. (PSU); Narathiwat Prov, Su\u2013ngai Kolok Dist, Toh Dang Swamp Forest, 12.X.2000, S. Hasin leg. (THNHM).Echinoplafisheri Zettel & Laciny, 2015Figs 29Echinoplafisheri Zettel & Laciny, 2015: 108, figs 17\u201320.EasternDistribution. : Chanthaburi (Pheao NP). Southern: Phang\u2013nga , Trang , Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang NP), Narathiwat .Remarks. New record.Material examined. Chanthaburi Prov, Pheao NP, evergreen forest, 24.XII.2003, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); Phang\u2013nga Prov, Ton Wariat WS, 300\u2013380 m alt., 20.IV.2005, N. Noon\u2013anant leg. (SKYC); Trang Prov, Palian Dist, Ton Tae Waterfall, 200\u2013300 m alt., 28.III.2005, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); Songkhla Prov, Khao Nam Khang NP, evergreen forest, 27.II.2005, N. Noon\u2013anant leg. (PSU); Narathiwat Prov, Wang Dist, Bala Forest, 0\u2013200 m alc., 26.IX.2001, N. Noon\u2013anant leg. (PSU).Echinoplajeenthongi Tanansathaporn & Jaitrong, 2018Echinoplajeenthongi Tanansathaporn & Jaitrong, in SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP*), Surat Thani (Ban Na San), Phang\u2013nga (Mueang Phang\u2013nga), Narathiwat .References.Echinoplalineata Mayr, 1862Figs 31Echinoplalineata Mayr, 1862: 689 (w.). Type locality: INDONESIA (Java).SouthernDistribution. : Pattani (Yaring).Remarks. New record.Material examined. Pattani Prov, Yaring Dist, mangrove forest, 19.IV.2002, C. Bourmas leg. (THNHM).Echinoplamadli Zettel & Laciny, 2015Echinoplamadli Zettel & Laciny, 2015: 103, figs 1\u20134.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Satun , Narathiwat .References.Echinoplamelanarctos Smith, 1857Echinoplamelanarctos Smith, 1857: 79, pl. 1, figs 25\u201329.SouthernDistribution. : Pattani (Nong Chik), Yala (Betong), Narathiwat .References.Echinoplapallipes Smith, 1857Echinoplapallipes Smith, 1857: 80.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Echinoplastriata Smith, 1857Figs 33Echinoplastriata Smith, 1857: 80.EasternDistribution. : Chanthaburi (Pheao NP). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thamarat , Patthalung , Surat Thani , Trang (Thung Khai BG), Narathiwat .Remarks. New record.Material examined. Chanthaburi, Namtok Trok Nong, tropical rain forest, 23.XI.2003, D. Wiwatwitaya leg. (THNHM); Nakhon Si Thamarat, Khao Nan NP, Yod Nam waterfall, dead twig on tree, Sk. Yamane leg., TH08\u2013SKY\u2013193 (SKYC); Nakhon Si Thamarat, Phipun, Tapi watershed, 13.X.2011, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC); Phat Thalun [Patthalung Prov], Tamot waterfall, dead twig on tree, 27.IX.2008, Sk. Yamane, TH08\u2013SKY\u2013154; Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov, Khao Nan NP, 12.XII.2007, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT07\u2013TH\u20131909 (THNHM); Surat Thani Prov, Tai Rom Yen NP, 400\u2013500 m alt., dead twig, Sk. Yamane leg., TH11\u2013SKY\u201341X (SKYC); same locality, 11.X.2011, W. Jaitrong leg., TH11\u2013WJT\u201339 (THNHM); same locality and collector, 12.VII.2009, WJT09\u2013TH\u20132060 (THNHM); Surat Thani Prov, Vibhavadi Dist, Khlong Yan WS, 30.XII.2001, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); Surat Thani Prov, Khlong Saeng WS, 100\u2013300 m alc., evergreen forest, 1994, L. Label leg. (PSU); Trang Prov, Yan Takhao Dist, Thung Khai B.G., 13.XI.2017, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); Songkhla Prov, Ton Nga Chang WS, 13.IX.2004, evergreen forest (EF), W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); Narathiwat Prov, Wang Dist, Hala\u2013Bala WS, tropical rain forest, 6.VI.2001, S. Hasin leg. (THNHM); same locality and collector, 30.VI.2018, WJT300618\u20132 (THNHM).Echinoplatritschleri Forel, 1901Figs 35Echinoplatritschleri Forel, 1901b: 74 (w.). Type locality: INDONESIA (Sumatra).SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang).Remarks. New record.Material examined. Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov, Khao Luang, Noppitam, 20.V.2008, W. Jaitrong leg., TH03\u2013WJT\u2013321 (THNHM).Echinoplatunkuabduljalilii Laciny, Zettel, Maryati & Noor\u2013Izwan, 2019EchinoplatunkuabduljaliliiSouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Noppitum), Phang\u2013nga , Yala (Betong).References.Euprenolepisprocera Prenolepisprocera Emery, 1900b: 699.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Narathiwat .References.Euprenolepiswittei LaPolla, 2009Euprenolepiswittei LaPolla, 2009: 20, figs 12A\u2013D, 13A\u2013I.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Lepisiotawatsonii Plagiolepisrothneyir.watsonii Forel, 1894.Distribution. Distribution. Bangkok .References.Myrmoterasbinghamii Forel, 1893Myrmoterasbinghamii Forel, 1893a: 608.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum).References.Myrmoterasconcolor Bui, Eguchi & Yamane, 2013Myrmoterasconcolor Bui, Eguchi & Yamane, 2013: 550, figs 1C, 4.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Umphang WS). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS*), Trat (Ko Kut).References.Myrmoterascuneonodus Xu, 1998Myrmoterascuneonodus Xu, 1998: 125.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP) Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chanthaburi .References.Myrmoterasjaitrongi Bui, Eguchi & Yamane, 2013Myrmoterasjaitrongi Bui, Eguchi & Yamane, 2013: 551, figs 1B, 5.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Myrmoterasopalinum Bui, Eguchi & Yamane, 2013Myrmoterasopalinum Bui, Eguchi & Yamane, 2013: 553, fig. 7.CentralDistribution. : Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Southern: Krabi (Ko Lanta NP), Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP*), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Myrmoterastomimasai Bui, Eguchi & Yamane, 2013Myrmoterastomimasai Bui, Eguchi & Yamane, 2013: 556, fig. 8.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS).References.Oecophyllasmaragdina Formicasmaragdina Fabricius, 1775: 828.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lampang , Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Phrae , Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu SithanWS), Chaiyaphum , Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi , Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Yala, Pattani (Nong Chik), Narathiwat .References.Paraparatrechinaopaca Prenolepisclandestinavar.opaca Emery, 1887b: 243. Combination in Paraparatrechina: NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Plantation), Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu SithanWS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Paratrechinaopaca Emery, 1887), Paratrechinalongicornis Formicalongicornis Latreille, 1802: 113.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Plantation), Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu SithanWS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi , Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Polyrhachisabdominalis Smith, 1858Polyrhachisabdominalis Smith, 1858: 63.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi), Phrae (Wang Chin). Western: Tak . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP), Narathiwat .References.Polyrhachisalatisquamis Forel, 1893Polyrhachispubescensvar.alatisquamis Forel, 1893a: 17. Revised to species by Distribution. Cited as Siam, on further data. Western: Tak .References.Polyrhachisarachne Emery, 1896Polyrhachisarachne Emery, 1896: 249.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi). Western: Kanchanaburi (Pha Tad Watershed). Eastern: Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Polyrhachisuncinata Andr\u00e9, 1896, junior synonym of P.arachne), Polyrhachisarcuata Formicaarcuata Le Guillou, 1842: 315.CentralDistribution. : Bangkok (Bang Khen), Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Southern: Narathiwat .References.Polyrhachisarmata Formicaarmata Le Guillou, 1842: 313.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Plantation), Nan  Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu SithanWS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi , Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phuket , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Polyrhachisbicolor Smith, 1858Polyrhachisbicolor Smith, 1858: 65.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Pha Tad Watershed). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Narathiwat , Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Polyrhachisbihamata Formicabihamata Drury, 1773: 73, pl. 38, figs 7, 8.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS), Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Yala, Pattani (Nong Chik), Narathiwat , Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP).References.Polyrhachisboltoni Dorow & Kohout, 1995Figs 37Polyrhachisboltoni Dorow & Kohout, 1995: 96, fig. 1.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat , Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Narathiwat .Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov, Krung Ching Waterfall, 14.IV.2005, N. Noon\u2013anant leg. (THNHM); S Thailand, Songkhla Prov, Ton Nga Chang WS, 24.III.2004, N. Noon\u2013anant leg. (THNHM); S Thailand, Narathiwat Prov, Hala\u2013Bala WS, 20.X.2003, Y. Sittimul leg. (AMK).Polyrhachiscalypso Forel, 1911Polyrhachisspinosasubsp.calypso Forel, 1911b: 394.NortheasternDistribution. : Sakon Nakhon (Akat Aumnuai). Western: Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Southern: Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Narathiwat , Patthalung , Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP)References.Polyrhachiscarbonaria Smith, 1857Figs 39Polyrhachis (sic) carbonarius Smith, 1857.SouthernDistribution. : Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Songkhla Prov, Ton Nga Chang NP, 24.vii.1997, Sk. Yamane (SKYC).Polyrhachiscephalotes Emery, 1893Figs 41Polyrhachiscephalotes Emery, 1893b: 199, pl. 8, fig. 6.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS).Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Ranong Prov, Khlong Na Kha WS, 12.VII.2009, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM).Polyrhachischalybea Smith, 1857Figs 43Polyrhachischalybea Smith, 1857: 61.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao).Remarks. New record.Material examined. Chiang Mai Prov, Doi Chiang Dao, 3.IV.2005, Sk. Yamane leg. (SKYC).Polyrhachiscraddocki Bingham, 1903Polyrhachiscraddocki Bingham, 1903: 403, fig. 138.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi).References.Polyrhachiscryptoceroides Emery, 1887Polyrhachiscryptoceroides Emery, 1887a: 228, pl. 3, fig. 14.WesternDistribution. : Prachuap Khiri Khan . Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Polyrhachisdives Smith, 1857Polyrhachisdives Smith, 1857: 64.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Nan , Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP), Ratchaburi , Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Ubon Rachatahi (Kong Chiam). Eastern: Chanthaburi , Chon Buri (Kasetsart Si Racha Campus), Trat (Ko Kut). Central: Bangkok (Bang Khen), Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Nakhon Nayok , Saraburi , Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phuket , Trang , Phatthalung , Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Polyrhachisdolomedes Smith, 1863Polyrhachisdolomedes Smith, 1863: 14.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai).References.Polyrhachisflavicornis Smith, 1857Polyrhachisflavicornis Smith, 1857: 63.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Central: Uthai Thai (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Rue Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Polyrhachisflavoflagellata Karavaiev, 1927Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) flavoflagellata Karavaiev, 1927: 35, fig. 16.SouthernDistribution. : Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References. Watanasit & Noon\u2013anant (2005).Polyrhachisfortis Emery, 1893Figs 45Polyrhachisfortis Emery, 1893b: 228, pl. 8, fig. 5.Distribution. Northern: Chiang Mai (Doi Pui).Remarks. New record.Material examined. Chiang Mai Prov, Doi Pui, 23.xii.1997, F. Yamane leg. .Polyrhachisfurcata Smith, 1858Polyrhachisfurcata Smith, 1858: 64, pl. 4, fig. 20.NorthernDistribution. : Phrae (Wang Chin). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP), Phatthalung (Khao Pappha), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang , Narathiwat , Songkhla (Hat Yai).References.Polyrhachishalidayi Emery, 1889Polyrhachishalidayi Emery, 1889b: 517.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Phrae (Wang Chin). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Phitsalulok , Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Polyrhachishauxwelli Bingham, 1903Polyrhachishauxwelli Bingham, 1903: 394, fig. 133.SouthernDistribution. : Trang .References.Polyrhachishector Smith, 1857Polyrhachishector Smith, 1857: 62.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Polyrhachishemiopticoides Mukerjee, 1930Polyrhachishemiopticoides Mukerjee, 1930: 161, fig. 5.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Southern: Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS).References.Polyrhachishippomanes Smith, 1861Polyrhachishippomanes Smith, 1861: 43, pl. 1, fig. 21.NortheasternDistribution. : Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang NP), Narathiwat (Toh Daeng).References.Polyrhachishodgsoni Forel, 1902Figs 47Polyrhachishodgsoni Forel, 1902a: 289.WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. Phetchaburi Prov, Kaeng Krachan NP, 29.VI.2014, Sk. Yamane and M. Maruyama (SKYC).Polyrhachisillaudata Walker, 1859Polyrhachisillaudatus Walker, 1859: 373.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Pha Tad). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP), Loei (Phu Luang WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Phuket , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Phatthalung (Khao Pappha), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Pattani (Nong Chik).References.Polyrhachismayri Roger, 1862, junior synonym of P.illaudata), Polyrhachisillaudataintermedia Forel, 1886Polyrhachismayrisubsp.intermedia Forel, 1886: 242.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP).References.Polyrhachisinermis Smith, 1858Polyrhachisinermis Smith, 1858: 68, pl. 4, figs 25, 26.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Narathiwat .References.Polyrhachisjavanica Mayr, 1867Figs 49Polyrhachisthrinaxvar.javanica Mayr, 1867: 52.EasternDistribution. : Chanthaburi (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).Remarks. New record.Material examined. Chanthaburi Prov, Khao Ang Reu Nai WS, Lumchangwat stn., 22.VIII.2003, Sk. Yamane leg., TH03\u2013SKY\u201381 (SKYC).Polyrhachislaevigata Smith, 1857PolyrhachislaevigatusEasternDistribution. : Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Polyrhachislaevissima Smith, 1858Polyrhachislaevissimus Smith, 1858: 64, pl. 4, fig. 42.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Plantation), Nan  Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Ratchaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu SithanWS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Phitsanulok , Saraburi , Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani (Khlong Yan WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat .References.Polyrhachislama Kohout, 1994Figs 51Polyrhachislama Kohout, 1994: 137, fig. 1.NortheasternDistribution. : Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Eastern: Trat (Agroforestry Research Station).Remarks. New record.Material examined. NE Thailand, Loei Prov, Phu Luang Wildlife Research Station, 11.IV.2008, P. Kosonpanyapiwat leg. (THNHM); NE Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Prov, Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Dry Dipterocarp Forest, 3.VIII.2008, S. Hasin leg. (THNHM); E Thailand, Trat Prov, Mueang Trat, Agroforestry Research Station, 28.I.2014, W. Jaitrong. (THNHM).Polyrhachislatona Wheeler, 1909Polyrhachislatona Wheeler, 1909: 337.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Polyrhachismitrata Menozzi, 1932Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) mitrata Menozzi, 1932: 303.SouthernDistribution. : Songkhla (Klong U\u2013Tapao Basin).References.Polyrhachismoesta Emery, 1887Figs 53Polyrhachishippomanesvar.moesta Emery, 1887a: 237 (w.). Type locality: INDONESIA (Sumatra).WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Pha Tad Watershed).Remarks. New record.Material examined. W Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov, Pha Tad Watershed Conservation & Management, 28.XI.2003, Sk. Yamane leg. (THNHM).Polyrhachismuelleri Forel, 1893Polyrhachismuelleri Forel, 1893a: 32.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS), Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Polyrhachisnigropilosa Mayr, 1872Polyrhachisnigropilosa Mayr, 1872: 141.SouthernDistribution. : Yala, Pattani, Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Polyrhachisnoonananti Kohout, 2013Polyrhachisnoonananti Kohout, 2013: 150, figs 12, 17, 18.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS*).References.Polyrhachisochracea Karavaiev, 1927Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) ochracea Karavaiev, 1927: 30.SouthernDistribution. : Phatthalung .References.Polyrhachisolybria Forel, 1912Polyrhachisolybrius Forel, 1912c: 73.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan WS), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Remarks. All Thai specimens cited as Polyrhachisbellicosa Smith, 1859 in P.olybria .Polyrhachisphalerata Menozzi, 1926Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) phalerata Menozzi, 1926: 102.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Pui). Western: Kanchanaburi (Maeklong Watershed). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao). Southern: Songkhla (Hat Yai).References.Polyrhachispiliventris Smith, 1858Polyrhachispiliventris Smith, 1858: 60, pl. 4, fig. 24.SouthernDistribution. : Pattani.References.Polyrhachisproxima Roger, 1863Polyrhachisproxima Roger, 1863: 155.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Plantation), Nan  Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu SithanWS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Polyrhachispubescens Mayr, 1879Polyrhachispubescens Mayr, 1879: 657.SouthernDistribution. : Yala (Betong).References.Polyrhachisrastellata Formicarastellata Latreille, 1802: 130.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP), Phrae (Wang Chin). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS).References.Polyrhachisrixosa Smith, 1858Polyrhachisrixosus Smith, 1858: 68.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Polyrhachisrufipes Smith, 1858Polyrhachisrufipes Smith, 1858: 66, pl. 4, fig. 28.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi). Western: Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Yala, Pattani (Namtok Sai Khao NP), Nakhon Si Thamarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Polyrhachissaevissimakerri Forel, 1911Polyrhachisacanthavar.kerri Forel, 1911c: 286.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai*.References.Polyrhachissculpturata Smith, 1860Polyrhachissculpturatus Smith, 1860b: 70.Distribution. Thailand .References.Polyrhachissculpturatasiamensis Mayr, 1879Polyrhachissculpturatavar.siamensis Mayr, 1879: 657.Distribution. Thailand*.References. Jaitrong and Nabhitabha , Polyrhachisshixingensis Wu & Wang, 1995Figs 55Polyrhachisshixingensis Wu & Wang, 1995: 166, figs 334, 348, 351.NortheasternDistribution. : Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS).Remarks. New record.Material examined. NE Thailand, Mukdahan Prov, Phu Sithan WS, Keang Chang Niam Station, 3.IX.2007, P. Kosonpanyapiwat leg. (THNHM).Polyrhachisstriata Mayr, 1862Polyrhachisstriatus Mayr, 1862: 686, pl. 19, fig. 8.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima  Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Nakhon Si Thamarat (Khao Nan NP), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang NP).References.Polyrhachistextor Smith, 1857Polyrhachistextor Smith, 1857: 60.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Polyrhachisthailandica Kohout, 2006Polyrhachisthailandica Kohout, 2006: 146, figs 3, 7, 11.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Mae Klong River*). Norteastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS).References.Polyrhachisthrinax Roger, 1863Polyrhachisthrinax Roger, 1863: 152.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao). Western: Tak (Umphang WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Polyrhachistibialis Smith, 1858Polyrhachistibialis Smith, 1858: 63.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Kanchanaburi (Pha Tad Watershed). Northern: Phrae (Wang Chin). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai), Chon Buri (Khao Ang Reu Nai), Chanthaburi . Southern: Satun (Tarutao NP), Pattani (Yaring), Narathiwat , Songkhla .References.Polyrhachisvaricolor Viehmeyer, 1916Polyrhachisfruhstorferi spp. varicolor Viehmeyer, 1916: 163.WesternDistribution. : Prachuap Khiri Khan . Southern: Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khiriwong), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Polyrhachisvenus Forel, 1893Polyrhachisvenus Forel, 1893a: 31.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP).References.Polyrhachisvillipes Smith, 1857Polyrhachisvillipes Smith, 1857: 61.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References. Jaitrong and Nabhitabha .Polyrhachiswatanasiti Kohout, 2013Polyrhachiswatanasiti Kohout, 2013: 40, figs 57, 58, 61, 62.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Ngao*).References.Polyrhachisypsilon Emery, 1887Polyrhachisypsilon Emery, 1887a: 239.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Narathiwat .References.Prenolepisdarlena Williams & LaPolla, 2016Prenolepisdarlena Williams & LaPolla, 2016: 219, figs 63\u201365.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP).References.Prenolepisfustinoda Williams & LaPolla, 2016Prenolepisfustinoda Williams & LaPolla, 2016: 222, figs 69\u201371.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP*).References.Prenolepisjacobsoni Crawley, 1923Prenolepisjacobsoni Crawley, 1923: 30.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS), Narathiwat .References.Prenolepisjerdoni Emery, 1893Prenolepisjerdoni Emery, 1893b: 222, pl. 8, fig. 20.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai .References.Prenolepismelanogaster Emery, 1893Prenolepismelanogaster Emery, 1893b: 223.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai References.Prenolepisnaoroji Forel, 1902Prenolepisnaoroji Forel, 1902a: 290.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima . Western: Tak (Umphnang WS). Southern: Songkhla (Hat Yai), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang (Khao Chong).References.Prenolepisshanialena Williams & LaPolla, 2016Prenolepisshanialena Williams & LaPolla, 2016: 239, figs 115\u2013117.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP).References.Pseudolasiussilvestrii Wheeler, 1927Pseudolasiussilvestrii Wheeler, 1927a: 102, fig. 8.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Mae Sai).References.Leptanillathai Baroni Urbani, 1977Leptanillathai Baroni Urbani, 1977a: 454, figs 21, 23.SouthernDistribution. : Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG*).References.Acanthomyrmexferox Emery, 1893Acanthomyrmexferox Emery, 1893c: 245, pl. 6, fig. 11.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Khlong Yan WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Narathiwat .References.Acanthomyrmexmalikuli Jaitrong & Asanok, 2019Acanthomyrmexmalikuli Jaitrong & Asanok, 2019: 116, figs 1\u20133.WesternDistribution. : Tak .References.Acanthomyrmexmizunoi Jaitrong & Asanok, 2019Acanthomyrmexmizunoi Jaitrong & Asanok, 2019: 124, figs 4\u20136. Type locality: THAILAND, Nakhon Nayok province, Mueang district, Ban Hin Tang.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Huai Pong Coffee Plantation). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Pak Chong). Central: Nakhon Nayok (Ban Hin Tang*).References.Acanthomyrmexthailandensis Terayama, 1995Acanthomyrmexthailandensis Terayama, 1995: 551, figs 1\u20139.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai .References.Anillomyrmadecamera Monomoriumdecamerum Emery, 1901: 117.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi). Western: Kanchanaburi (Ban Sahakorn Nikhom).References.Calyptomyrmexbeccarii Emery, 1887Calyptomyrmexbeccarii Emery, 1887c: 472, pl. 2, fig. 23.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Calyptomyrmexemeryi Forel, 1901b, junior synonym of C.beccarii.), Calyptomyrmexrectopilosus Dlussky & Radchenko, 1990Calyptomyrmexrectopilosus Dlussky & Radchenko, 1990: 124, figs 7, 8.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Tak (Umphang WS), Kanchanaburi . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS) Central: Saraburi , Nakhon Nayok . Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat .References.Cardiocondylaemeryi Forel, 1881Cardiocondylaemeryi Forel, 1881: 5.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Bangkok (Kasetsart University). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang), Narathiwat .References.Cardiocondylaitsukii Seifert, Okita & Heinze, 2017Cardiocondylaitsukii Seifert, Okita & Heinze, 2017: 339\u2013344, figs 10\u201312.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Umphang WS), Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Eastern: Trat (Ko Chang)References.Cardiocondylakagutsuchi Terayama, 1999Cardiocondylakagutsuchi Terayama, 1999: 100.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Mae Sariang). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Southern: Phatthalung (Khao Lak), Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang).References.Cardiocondylawroughtonii Emeryiawroughtonii Forel, 1890a: cxi.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Umphang WS), Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Southern: Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang).References.Carebaraaffinis Oecodomaaffinis Jerdon, 1851: 110.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Plantation), Nan  Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu SithanWS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi , Bangkok  Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Yala, Narathiwat .References.Pheidologetonaffinis ), Pheidologetonaffinis ), Pheidologetonaffinis ), Pheidologetonaffinis ), Carebaracastanea Smith, 1858Carebaracastanea Smith, 1858: 178.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS).References.Carebaradiversa Oecodomadiversa Jerdon, 1851: 109.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan  Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu SithanWS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Nakhon Nayok , Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Pheidologetondiversus ), Pheidologetondiversus ), Pheidologetondiversus ), Carebaralignata Westwood, 1840Carebaralignata Westwood, 1840: 86, pl. 2, fig. 6.NorthernDistribution. : Nan (Wiang Sa).References.Carebarapygmaea Pheidologetonpygmaeus Emery, 1887f: 465.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi . Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang ReuNai WS), Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Surat Thani , Satun (Tarutao NP), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Pheidologetonpygmaeus Emery, 1887), Pheidologetonpygmaeus Emery, 1887).Carebarasilenus Pheidolesilenus Smith, 1858: 176.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phatthalung (Khao Pappha), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Pheidologetonsilenus .Carebaratrechideros Pheidologetontrechideros Zhou & Zheng, 1997: 167, figs 7\u20139.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS).References.Pheidologetontrechideros Zhou & Zheng, 1997).Cataulacusgranulatus Formicagranulata Latreille, 1802: 275, pl. 12, fig. 75.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Yala, Pattani (Yaring), Narathiwat .References.Cataulacushorridus Smith, 1857Cataulacushorridus Smith, 1857: 81, pl. 2, fig. 3.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Cataulacuslatus Forel, 1891Cataulacuslatus Forel, 1891: 144.SouthernDistribution. : Yala.References.Cataulacusmuticus Emery, 1889Figs 57Cataulacusmuticus Emery, 1889a: 507, pl. 10, fig. 17WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Khuean Srinagarindra NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. W Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov, Si Sawat Dist, Khuean Sri Nakarin NP, 20\u201321.III.2014, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT200314\u2013HC2 (Phak) (THNHM).Cataulacuspraetextus Smith, 1867Figs 59Cataulacuspraetextus Smith, 1867: 528.WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan).Remarks. New record.Material examined. W. Thaialnd, Phetchaburi Prov, Kaeng Krachan, 27.VI.2014, Sk. Yamane & M. Maruyama leg., TH14\u2013SKY\u201366 (SKYC).Crematogasteraberrans Forel, 1892Crematogasteraberrans Forel, 1892c: 532.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Dao WS), Lampang (Ngao). Central: Bangkok.References.Crematogasterartifex Mayr, 1879Crematogasterartifex Mayr, 1879: 684.CentralDistribution. : Bangkok*.References.Crematogasteraurita Karavaiev, 1935Crematogasteraurita Karavaiev, 1935: 92, fig. 18.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Lampang , Phayao , Phrae (Wang Chin), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation). Western: Tak (Lansang NP), Kanchanaburi . Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Ubon Ratchathani , Loei (Phu Luang WS). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phu Kae BG).References.Crematogasterbaduvi Forel, 1912Figs 61Crematogasterbaduvi Forel, 1912a: 106.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Suk Samran), Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Ranong Prov, Suk Samran Dist., Ban Nuar village, 24.iv.2018, Sk. Yamane, TH18\u2013SKY\u2013031 (SKYC); S Thailand, Surat Thani Prov, Tai Rom Yen NP, Datfa Waterfall, 12.x.2011, Sk. Yamane, TH11\u2013SKY\u2013042 (SKYC).Crematogasterbandarensis Forel, 1913Crematogasterbiroivar.bandarensis Forel, 1913: 76.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Southern: Surat Thani (Khlong SaengWS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Tai Rom Yen NP), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang).References.Crematogasterbinghamii Forel, 1904Crematogasterbinghamii Forel, 1904: 24.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Crematogasterbouvardi Santschi, 1920Crematogasterwalshist.bourvardi Santschi, 1920.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep).References.Crematogastercoriaria Mayr, 1872Crematogastercoriaria Mayr, 1872: 154.NorthernDistribution. : Chaiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP), Tak (Umphang). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Crematogasterdifformis Smith, 1857Crematogasterdifformis Smith, 1857: 76.EasternDistribution. : Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Yala.References.Crematogasterdohrni Mayr, 1879Crematogasterdohrni Mayr, 1879: 682.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai .References.Crematogasterdohrnifabricans Forel, 1911Crematogasterrogenhoferivar.fabricans Forel, 1911e: 201.Distribution. Unknown locality.References.Crematogasterdohrnikerri Forel, 1911Crematogasterrogenhoferisubsp.kerri Forel, 1911d: 284.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai*.References.Crematogasterdubia Karavaiev, 1935Figs 63Crematogaster (Paracrema) dubia Karavaiev, 1935: 93, fig. 19.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Western: Tak .Remarks. New record.Material examined. N Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov, Doi Pui, 22.xii.1997, F. Yamane; same loc., 18.VIII.1998, Sk. Yamane; N Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov, Doi Suthep\u2013Pui, 7.vi.2001, K. Eguchi, Eg01\u2013TH\u2013076. NE Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Prov, Sakaerat, 10.VII.1999, Sk. Yamane leg (SKYC); NE Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Prov, Khao Yai NP, 30.V.2000, Sk. Yamane; same locality, 21.II.1998, W. Jaitrong. W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Mae Khlong Ki, 25.I.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., TH15\u2013WJT\u2013043 (THNHM); same loc., date and collector, TH15\u2013WJT\u2013021 (THNHM); same locality, date and collector, TH15\u2013WJT\u201322 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Mae Khlong Yai, 26.V.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., TH15\u2013WJT\u2013649 (THNHM); same locality, date and collector, TH15\u2013WJT\u2013646 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Pha Luard, 30.V.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., TH15\u2013WJT\u2013759 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Doi Huar Mod, 31.V.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., TH15\u2013WJT\u2013792 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, km 15 from Mae Sod, 26.V.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., TH15\u2013WJT\u2013283 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Unphang WS, Doi Cha Rod Pha, 26.V.2015, Sk. Yamane, TH15\u2013SKY\u2013167 (SKYC).Crematogasterferrarii Emery, 1888Figs 65Crematogasterferrarii Emery, 1888: 533.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP) Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Tapi Watershed), Songkhla (Hat Yai).Remarks. New record.Material examined. N Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov, Doi Chiang Dao, 3.IV.2005, Sk. Yamane leg., TH05\u2013SKY\u201360 (SKYC). W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Doi Huar Mod, 27.I.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., TH15\u2013WJT\u201386 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Mae Khlong Ki, 25.V.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT250515\u20132 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Doi Cha Rod Fa, 26.I.2015, Sk. Yamane leg., TH15\u2013SKY\u2013195 ; W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Pha Luard, 30.I.2015, Sk. Yamane leg., TH15\u2013SKY\u2013234 ; W Thailand, Tak Prov, Mae Sot dist, 31.i.2015, Sk. Yamane, TH15\u2013SKY\u2013195; W Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov, Maeklong Watershed Res. Stn., 29.xi.2003, Sk. Yamane (SKYC); W Thaialnd, Kanchanaburi Prov, Pha Tad Watershed, 30.xi.2003, Sk. Yamane (SKYC); W Thailand, Phetchaburi Prov, Kaeng Krachan NP, 25.vi.2014, Sk. Yamane & M. Maruyama leg., TH14\u2013SKY\u201346. NE Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Prov, Khao Yai NP, 30.V.2000, Sk. Yamane; NE Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Prov, Sakaerat, 9.vii.1999, lowland DDF, Sk. Yamane (SKYC). S Thailand, Nakhon Si Thamarat Prov, Tapi Watershed, 13.x.2011, Sk. Yamane leg., TH11\u2013SKY\u201370 (SKYC); S Thailand, Songkhla Prov, Hat Yai, 26.VII.1997, H. Okido leg. (SKYC).Crematogasterfraxatrix Forel, 1911Crematogasterfraxatrix Forel, 1911a: 28.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat , Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP).References.Crematogasterfumikoae Hosoishi & Ogata, 2015Crematogasterfumikoae Hosoishi & Ogata, 2015: 14.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Umphang WS).References.Crematogasterhashimi Hosoishi, 2015Crematogasterhashimi Hosoishi, 2015: 80, fig. 31.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Mae Klong).References.Crematogasterinflata Smith, 1857Crematogasterinflatus Smith, 1857: 76, pl.2, fig. 2.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat , Narathiwat .References.Crematogasterlongipilosa Forel, 1907Crematogasterlongipilosa Forel, 1907: 24.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang).References.Crematogastermodiglianii Emery, 1900Crematogastermodiglianii Emery, 1900a: 688.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Surat Thani (Tai Rom yen NP), Phatthalung (Khao Pappha), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla , Pattani (Nong Chik), Narathiwat (Toh Daeng), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Crematogasteronusta Stitz, 1925Figs 67Crematogaster (Physocrema) onusta Stitz, 1925: 118.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS).Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Ranong Prov, Khlong Na Kha WS, Evergreen Forest, 12.VII.2009, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT09\u2013TH2071 ; same locality, date and collector, WJT09\u2013TH2080 (THNHM).Crematogasterphysothorax Emery, 1889Crematogasterdeformisr.physothorax Emery, 1889a: 509.SouthernDistribution. : Trang , Narathiwat .References.Crematogasterpia Forel, 1911Crematogastertumidulasubsp.pia Forel, 1911b: 384.NorthernDistribution. : Phayao (Mae Ka). Western: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Central: Sukhothai (Thachai). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS).References.Crematogasterquadriruga Forel, 1911Crematogasterbiroivar.quadriruga Forel, 1911f: 455.NorthernDistribution. : Chaing Mai . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Western: Kanchanaburi (Pha Tad Watershed) , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan). Eastern: Chacheongsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri (Si Racha). Central: Bangkok. Southern: Ranong , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Pattani (Namtok Sai Khao NP), Songkhla (Hat Yai).References.Crematogasterreticulata Hosoishi, 2009Crematogasterreticulata Hosoishi, 2009: 259, figs 1\u20133.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP).References.Crematogasterrogenhoferi Mayr, 1879Crematogasterrogenhoferi Mayr, 1879: 683.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Pattani (Yaring), Narathiwat .References.Crematogasterrothneyi Mayr, 1879Figs 69Crematogasterrothneyi Mayr, 1879: 685.NorthernDistribution. : ChiangMai (Doi Suthep)Remarks. New record.Material examined. N Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov, Doi Suthep, 22.XII.1997, Sk. Yamane (SKYC).Crematogastersewardi Forel, 1901Crematogasterdeformisr.sewardi Forel, 1901b: 64.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Central: Saraburi , Nakhon Nayok .Northestern: Chacheongsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai). Eastern: Chanthaburi . Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG), Pattani (Namtok Sai Khao NP), Ranong (Suk Samran), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang), Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS).References.Crematogastertreubi Emery, 1896: 246Crematogastertreubi Emery, 1896: 246.NorthernDistribution. : Phayao (Mae Ka), Lampang (Ngao). Western: Tak (Umphang WS), Kanchanaburi (Mae Klong), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Songkhla (Hat Yai), Trang (Khao Chong).References.Dacetinopsconcinnus Taylor, 1965Dacetinopsconcinna Taylor, 1965: 1, figs 1, 2.SouthernDistribution. : Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang NP).References.Dilobocondylafouqueti Santschi, 1910Figs 71Dilobocondylafouqueti Santschi, 1910: 283.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Mai University Campus), Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation). Western: Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Pheao NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. N Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov, Chiang Mai Univesity Campus (CMU), 29.VIII.2014, W. Sangtow leg. (THNHM); N Thailand, Phrae Prov, Wang Chin Forest Plantation, 25.III.2002, N. Kongjam leg. (THNHM); W Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov, Thong Pha Phum Dist, Disturbed forest, 15.X.2004, C. Bourmas leg. (THNHM); E Thailand, Chanthaburi Prov, 26.I.2014, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT260114\u2013GC (THNHM).Epelysidrisbrocha Bolton, 1987Figs 73Epelysidrisbrocha Bolton, 1987: 280, figs 16, 17.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Narathiwat Prov, Wang Dist, Hala\u2013Bala WS, 24.II.2002, S. Hasin Leg. .Erromyrmalatinodis Monomoriumlatinode Mayr, 1872: 152.NorthernDistribution. : Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Yala.References.Monomoriumlatinode Mayr, 1872).Eurhopalothrixheliscata Wilson & Brown, 1985Figs 75Eurhopalothrixheliscata Wilson & Brown, 1985: 410, figs 1\u20133.SouthernDistribution. : Trang , Satun (Tarutao NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. S Thailand, Trang Prov, Ton Tae Waterfall, 200\u2013300m, Tropical rainforest, 28.III.2005, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT05\u2013S150 (THNHM); S Thailand, Trang Prov, Khao Chong BG, 16.IV.2002, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT02\u2013S002 (THNHM); S Thailand, Satun Prov, Tarutao NP, 7.III.2007, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT07\u2013TH327 (THNHM).Gauromyrmexacanthinus Solenomyrmaacanthina Karavaiev, 1935: 103, fig. 23.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Southern: Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Kartidrismatertera Bolton, 1991Kartidrismatertera Bolton, 1991: 13, fig. 21.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Nong Hoi*). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS). Central: Phitsanulok (Phu Soi Dao NP).References.Lasiomyrmawiwatwitayai Jaitrong, 2010Lasiomyrmawiwatwitayai Jaitrong, 2010: 428, figs 1\u20133.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Umphang WS), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP*). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS*).References.Liomyrmexgestroi Laparomyrmexgestroi Emery, 1887f: 461, pl. 2, fig. 16.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Pak Chong). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Lophomyrmexbedoti Emery, 1893Lophomyrmexbedoti Emery, 1893b: 192, pl. 8, fig. 17.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Mae Taeng). Western: Kanchanaburi (Sai Yok NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu nai WS), Chanthaburi (Pheao NP). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Phatthalung (Khao Pappha), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Satun (Tarutao NP), Narathiwat , Songkhla .References.Lophomyrmexbirmanus Emery, 1893Lophomyrmexbirmanus Emery, 1893b: 192NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS).References.Lophomyrmexlucidus Menozzi, 1930Lophomyrmexbedotivar.lucida Menozzi, 1930: 328.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Mae Chaem). Western: Kanchanaburi (Sai Yok NP). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS) Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla , Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP), Ranong (Suk Samran), Naratiwat .References.Lophomyrmexstriatulus Rigato, 1994Lophomyrmexstriatulus Rigato, 1994: 56, figs 16, 17.EasternDistribution. : Chanthaburi , Chacheongsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Mayriellatransfuga Baroni Urbani, 1977Mayriellatransfuga Baroni Urbani, 1977b: 411, figs 1, 2.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Pheao NP [Khao Sabap]).References. Shattuck and Barnett (2007).Meranoplusbicolor Cryptocerusbicolor Gu\u00e9rin\u2013M\u00e9neville, 1844: 425.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi , Phang\u2013nga (Khao Lak), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Yala, Pattani (Yaring), Narathiwat .References.Meranopluscastaneus Smith, 1857Meranopluscastaneus Smith, 1857: 81, pl. 2, fig. 7.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang , Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Meranopluslaeviventris Emery, 1889Meranopluslaeviventris Emery, 1889a: 506, pl. 10, fig. 16.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS).References.Meranoplusmucronatus Smith, 1857Meranoplusmucronatus Smith, 1857: 82, pl. 2, fig. 6.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Monomoriumchinense Santschi, 1925Monomoriumminutumvar.chinensis Santschi, 1925: 86.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Pattani (Yaring), Narathiwat .References.Monomoriumfloricola Attafloricola Jerdon, 1851: 107.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Pattani (Yaring), Narathiwat .References.Monomoriumpharaonis Formicapharaonis Linnaeus, 1758: 580.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kui Buri). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Pattani (Yaring), Narathiwat .References.Myrmecinaasiatica Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi, 2020Myrmecinaasiatica Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi, 2020: 17, fig. 4.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai. Eastern: Chanthanburi. Westhern: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima. Sotuhern: Pattani.References.Myrmecinadechai Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi, 2020Myrmecinadechai Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi, 2020: 34, fig. 13.WesthernDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP).References.Myrmecinainflata Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi, 2020Myrmecinainflata Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi, 2020: 51, fig. 22.SotuhernDistribution. : Phang NgaReferences.Myrmecinainthanonensis Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi, 2020Myrmecinainthanonensis Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi, 2020: 55, fig. 24.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang MaiReferences.Myrmecinamaryatiae Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi, 2020Myrmecinamaryatiae Okido, Ogata & Hosoishi, 2020: 70, fig. 32.SotuhernDistribution. : Phang Nga.References.Myrmecinaraviwonghei Jaitrong, Samung, Waengsothorn & Okido, 2019MyrmecinaraviwongheiWesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat*).References.Myrmicaritae Emery, 1889Myrmicaritae Emery, 1889a: 501, pl. 11, fig. 27.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP). Western: Tak (Umphang WS).References.Myrmicariaarachnoideslutea Emery, 1900Myrmicariaarachnoidesvar.lutea Emery, 1900b: 692.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Krabi (Ko Lanta).References.Myrmicarialuteiventris Emery, 1900).Myrmicariabirmana Forel, 1902Myrmicariaarachnoidesr.birmana Forel, 1902b: 243.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Myrmicariabrunnea Saunders, 1842Myrmicariabrunnea Saunders, 1842: 57, pl. 5, fig. 2.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Phrae (Wang Chin). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Phitsanulok . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phatthalung (Khao Pappha), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Yala, Narathiwat .References.Myrmicariavidua Smith, 1858Myrmicariavidua Smith, 1858: 141.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP).References.Paratopulamacta Bolton, 1988Paratopulamacta Bolton, 1988: 140, fig. 2.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Bangkok (Kasetsart University). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Agoforestry Research Station).References.Pheidoleaglae Forel, 1913Pheidoleaglae Forel, 1913: 32.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Pheidoleannexa Eguchi, 2001Pheidoleannexus Eguchi, 2001: 32, fig. 6.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Pheidolearistotelis Forel, 1911Pheidolearistotelis Forel, 1911a: 43.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Kaeng Krachan NP). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Pheidolebinghamii Forel, 1902Pheidolebinghamii Forel, 1902b: 184.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima .References.Pheidolebluntschlii Forel, 1911Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) bluntschlii Forel, 1911b: 373.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Pheidolebutteli Forel, 1913Pheidolebutteli Forel, 1913: 36.SouthernDistribution. : Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Pheidolecapellinii Emery, 1887Pheidolecapellinii Emery, 1887e: 463.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai  Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Southern: Trang , Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Pheidolecariniceps Eguchi, 2001Pheidolecariniceps Eguchi, 2001: 41, fig. 10.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Pheidoleclypeocornis Eguchi, 2001Pheidoleclypeocornis Eguchi, 2001: 44, fig. 11.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Pheidolecomata Smith, 1858Pheidolecomata Smith, 1858: 176.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Dao WS). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Pheidoledugasi Forel, 1911Pheidoledugasi Forel, 1911g: 222.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Phechabun (Bueng Sam Pan). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi .References.Pheidoleelongicephala Eguchi, 2008Pheidoleelongicephala Eguchi, 2008: 20, fig. 4a\u2013h.WesternDistribution. : Tak .Remarks. New record.Material examined. W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Mae Khlong Ki Forest Ranger Station, Hill Evergreen Forest (HEF), 25.I.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., TH15\u2013WJT\u2013228 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Pha Luard Forest Ranger Station, Mixed Deciduous Forest (MEF), 28.I.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., TH15\u2013WJT\u2013239 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Doi Huar Mod Forest Ranger Station, Dry Dipterocarp Forest (DDF), 27.I.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., TH15\u2013WJT\u2013253 (THNHM).Pheidoleelisae Emery, 1900Pheidoleelisae Emery, 1900a: 686.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang (Khao Chong BG), Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP).References.Pheidolefervens Smith, 1858Pheidolefervens Smith, 1858: 176.WesternDistribution. : Prachuap Khiri Khan . Central: Bangkok (Kasetsart University). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS), Rayong (Na Yai Arm). Southern: Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang .References.Pheidolefortis Eguchi, 2006Pheidolefortis Eguchi, 2006: 118, fig. 2A\u2013I.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP), Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP).References.Pheidolegatesi Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) gatesi Wheeler, 1927b: 44.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Mae Fa Luang), Chiang Mai , Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak .References.Pheidolehongkongensis Wheeler, 1928Pheidolerinaesubsp.hongkongensis Wheeler, 1928c: 11.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Mae Chaem). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Rayong (Mu Ko Man).References.Pheidolehortensis Forel, 1913Pheidolehortensis Forel, 1913: 38, fig. J.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang .References.Pheidolehuberi Forel, 1911Pheidolehuberi Forel, 1911b: 374.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Songkhla .References.Pheidoleinornata Eguchi, 2001Pheidoleinornata Eguchi, 2001: 66, fig. 22.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Ban Rai). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP), Chon Buri (Si Racha), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Rayong (Mu Ko Man). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani (Mu Ko Ang Thong), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang NP), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Satun (Kok Adunk), Narathiwat .References.Pheidoleinscrobiculata Viehmeyer, 1916Pheidoleinscrobiculatus Viehmeyer, 1916: 120.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Pheidolejacobsoni Forel, 1911Pheidolejavanasubsp.jacobsoni Forel, 1911e: 203.EasternDistribution. : Chanthaburi (Pheao NP)References.Pheidolerugifera Eguchi, 2001Pheidolerugifera Eguchi, 2001: 106, fig. 43.SouthernDistribution. : Satun (Tarutao NP); Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Pheidolemagrettii Emery, 1887Pheidolemagrettii Emery, 1887e: 462.SouthernDistribution. : Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS).References.Pheidolemegacephala Formicamegacephala Fabricius, 1793: 36.CentralDistribution. : Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao). Southern: Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Pheidolenodgii Forel, 1905Figs 77Pheidolenodgii Forel, 1905: 16.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Khitchakut NP). Southern: Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP).Remarks. New record.Material examined. E Thailand, Chachoengsao Prov Khao Ang Reu Nai WS, Bo Thong Station, 30.XII.2002, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); E Thailand, Chachoengsao Prov Khao Ang Reu Nai WS, Lumchangwat Station, 22.VIII.2003, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT03\u2013TH\u2013258 (THNHM); E Thailand, Chanthaburi Prov, Khao Khitchakut NP, 19.I.2006, Watana leg., WJT06\u2013E1005 (THNHM); same loc. and collector, 26.XI.2006 (THNHM); S Thailand, Phatthalung Prov, Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP, 28.IX.2007, WJT07\u2013TH2030 (THNHM).Pheidolenodifera Attanodifera Smith, 1858: 165.Distribution. Northern: Chiang Mai . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Narathiwat .References.Pheidolenodus Smith, 1874Pheidolenodus Smith, 1874: 407.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Mae Taeng).References.Pheidoleparva Mayr, 1865Pheidoleparva Mayr, 1865: 98.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum). Central: Bangkok (Bang Khen), Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Southern: Narathiwat .References.Pheidolebugi Wheeler, 1919, junior synonym of P.parva), Pheidolepieli Santschi, 1925Pheidolepieli Santschi, 1925: 83.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Chon Buri (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Rayong (Mu Ko Man), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Surat Thani (Mu Ko Ang Thong), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Thung Khai BG), Songkhla (Khao Kho Hong).References.Pheidoleincense Wheeler, 1928, junior synonym of P.pieli), Pheidoleplagiaria Smith, 1860Pheidoleplagiaria Smith, 1860a: 112.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok  Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phuket , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Pattani (Namtok Sai Khao NP), Narathiwat .References.Pheidoleplanifrons Santschi, 1920Pheidoleplanifrons Santschi, 1920: 166, fig. 1.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS). Central: Phitsanulok . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP), Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Narathiwat .References.Pheidoleplinii Forel, 1911Pheidoleplinii Forel, 1911a: 40.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Pheao NP). Southern: Songkhla .References.Pheidoleprotea Forel, 1912Pheidolejavanasubsp.proteus Forel, 1912c: 55.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Prachuap Khiri Khan . Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS). Central: Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS), Trat (Ko Kut).References.Pheidolequadricuspis Emery, 1900Pheidolequadricuspis Emery, 1900a: 683.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani (Khlong Yan WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Narathiwat .References.Pheidolerabo Forel, 1913Pheidolerabo Forel, 1913: 28.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat) Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reunai WS), Rayong (Mu Ko Man). Southern: Surat Thani (Khao Sok NP), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Pheidoletsailuni Wheeler, 1929, junior synonym of P.rabo), Pheidolerinae Emery, 1900Pheidolerinae Emery, 1900a: 687.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Pheidolerugithorax Eguchi, 2008Pheidolerugithorax Eguchi, 2008: 84, fig. 23a\u2013g.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Kanchanaburi (Khuean Srinagarindra NP) Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Pheidolesarawakana Forel, 1911Pheidolesauberisubsp.sarawakana Forel, 1911a: 45.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Pheidolesauberi Forel, 1905Pheidolesauberi Forel, 1905: 18.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani , Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Pheidolesingaporensis \u00d6zdikmen, 2010Myrmicalongipes Smith, 1857: 233, pl. 11, fig. 68.WesternDistribution. : Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Trang , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Narathiwat .References.Pheidolesmythiesii Forel, 1902Pheidole (Ceratopheidole) smythiesii Forel, 1902b: 165.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS).References.Pheidolespathifera Forel, 1902Pheidolespathifera Forel, 1902b: 168.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat).References.Pheidoletaipoana Wheeler, 1928Pheidolerinaesubsp.taipoana Wheeler, 1928b: 12.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum).References.Pheidoletaivanensis Forel, 1912Pheidoletaivanensis Forel, 1912d: 59.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao).References.Pheidoletandjongensis Forel, 1913Pheidoletandjongensis Forel, 1913: 42.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Khun Chang Khian). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Ban Rai), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Eastern: Sa Kaeo , Chon Buri (Si Racha), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Rayong (Mu Ko Man). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani (Mu Ko Ang ThongNP), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang NP), Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Satun (Kok Adunk), Narathiwat .References.Pheidoletjibodana Forel, 1905Pheidolenodgiivar.tjibodana Forel, 1905: 16.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS), Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Pheidoletumida Eguchi, 2008Pheidoletumida Eguchi, 2008: 97, fig. 27a\u2013g.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai (Omkoi). Western: Tak , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Remarks. All Thai specimens identified as Pheidolenodifera  in P.tumida in the present paper .Pheidolevulgaris Eguchi, 2006Pheidolevulgaris Eguchi, 2006: 127, fig. 6A\u2013I.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Tak (Umphang WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Pheidoleyeensis Forel, 1902Pheidolesulcaticepsr.yeensis Forel, 1902b: 179.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Kalasin (Phuthan WS), Nakhon Rachasima (Sakaerat). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Rayong (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Chumphom (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS).References.Pheidolezoceana Santschi, 1925Pheidolenodgiivar.zoceana Santschi, 1925: 83.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Prachuap Khiri Khan .References.Pristomyrmexbicolor Emery, 1900Pristomyrmextrachylissavar.bicolor Emery, 1900a: 678.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Ban Na San).References.Pristomyrmexbrevispinosus Emery, 1887Pristomyrmexbrevispinosus Emery, 1887e: 451.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Nakhon Rachasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG), Pattani (Nong Chik).References.Pristomyrmexleleji Yamane & Dias, 2016Pristomyrmexleleji Yamane & Dias, 2016: 189, figs 2, 4\u20139.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Rachasima (Sakaerat). Central: Uthai Thani (Ban Rai). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Khitchakut NP*).References.Pristomyrmexpunctatus Myrmicapunctata Smith, 1860a: 108.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Rachasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Pristomyrmexpungens Mayr, 1866, junior synonym of P.punctatus), Pristomyrmexrigidus Wang, 2003Pristomyrmexrigidus Wang, 2003: 415, figs 94\u201397.WesternDistribution. : Tak , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Sabab*). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phuket , Krabi (Ko Lanta).References.Pristomyrmexsulcatus Emery, 1895Pristomyrmexbrevispinosussubsp.sulcatus Emery, 1895: 464.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Nan (Doi Phuka NP). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Rachasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Ban Rai). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut).References.Pristomyrmextrachylissus Myrmicatrachylissa Smith, 1858: 126.SouthernDistribution. : Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Proattabutteli Forel, 1912Proattabutteli Forel, 1912b: 769.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Rachasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phu Kae BG), Nakhon Nayok . Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Surat Thani (Tai Rom Yen NP), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Recurvidrisbrowni Bolton, 1992Recurvidrisbrowni Bolton, 1992: 43, figs 1, 3.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Narathiwat .References.Recurvidrischanapaithooni Jaitrong & Wiwatwitaya, 2015Recurvidrischanapaithooni Jaitrong & Wiwatwitaya, 2015: 106, fig. 2.EasternDistribution. : Chon Buri (Khao Kheow Open Zoo), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS*). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Recurvidrislekakuli Jaitrong, Tokeeree & Pitaktunsakul, 2019Recurvidrislekakuli Jaitrong, Tokeeree & Pitaktunsakul, 2019b: 55, figs 1\u20135.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum*).References.Recurvidrisrecurvispinosa Trigonogasterrecurvispinosus Forel, 1890b: cix.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Umphang WS), Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Rachasima . Eastern: Chon Buri (Khao Kheow Open Zoo), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS), Trat (Ko Kut).References.Rhopalomastixjavana Wheeler, 1929Rhopalomastixrothneyisubsp.javana Wheeler, 1929: 96.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Sai Yok). Central: Saraburi (Phu Kae BG).References.Rhopalomastixjohorensis Wheeler, 1929Rhopalomastixrothneyisubsp.johorensis Wheeler, 1929: 96.Rhopalomastixjaneti Donisthorpe, 1936: 55.CentralDistribution. : Ang Thong (Chaiyo), Nakhon Nayok (Banna), Pathumthani , Saraburi . Eastern: Chanthaburi (Tha Mai). Southern: Trang (Nayong).References.Solenopsisgeminata Attageminata Fabricius, 1804: 423.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat (Khlong Yai). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Pattani (Namtok Sai Khao NP), Narathiwat .References.Strumigenysadiastola Bolton, 2000Strumigenysadiastola Bolton, 2000: 836.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Pa Miang Village). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Khitchakut NP). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Strumigenysamnesia Bolton, 2000Strumigenysamnesia Bolton, 2000: 838.SouthernDistribution. : Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Strumigenysarges Pyramicaarges Bolton, 2000: 462.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP*).References.Strumigenysatropos Pyramicaatropos Bolton, 2000: 457.WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP*).References.Strumigenysbenulia Bolton, 2000Strumigenysbenulia Bolton, 2000: 754WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP*).References.Strumigenysbrontes Pyramicabrontes Bolton, 2000: 463, figs 268, 294.WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP*). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Khitchakut NP).References.Strumigenyscaniophanes Bolton, 2000Strumigenyscaniophanes Bolton, 2000: 755, figs 423, 490.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP*).References.Strumigenysconfusatrix Bolton, 2000Strumigenysconfusatrix Bolton, 2000: 789, figs 433, 499.SouthernDistribution. : Phatthalung .References.Strumigenysdipsas Bolton, 2000Strumigenysdipsas Bolton, 2000: 757.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP*).References.Strumigenysdohertyi Emery, 1897Strumigenysdohertyi Emery, 1897: 576.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Tak . Western: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Southern: Surat Thani (Ban Nasan), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Strumigenysdoriae Emery, 1887Strumigenysdoriae Emery, 1887f: 469, pl. 2, fig. 22.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak .References.Strumigenyselegantula Smisthistrumaelegantula Terayama & Kubota, 1989: 788, figs 23\u201327.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP). Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS).References.Strumigenysexilirhina Bolton, 2000Strumigenysexilirhina Bolton, 2000: 881.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Thung Ka Mang [Phu Khiao WS]), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Sabab).References.Strumigenysfeae Emery, 1895Strumigenysfeae Emery, 1895: 473.NorthernDistribution. : Mae Hong Son (Sop Pong). Western: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Chamao NP).References.Strumigenysgnathosphax Bolton, 2000Strumigenysgnathosphax Bolton, 2000: 911, fig. 481.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Luang NP), Satun .References.Strumigenyskichijo Smithistrumakichijo Terayama, Lin & Wu, 1996: 335, figs 23\u201325, 28, 29.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP), Mae Hong Son (Pai). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Strumigenyskraepelini Forel, 1905Strumigenyskraepelini Forel, 1905: 8.WesternDistribution. : Tak , Prachuap Khiri Khan . Southern: Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang , Satun , Narathiwat .References.Strumigenysmitis Pyramicamitis Brown, in Bolton, 2000: 442, figs 267, 290.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Khitchakut NP). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat .References.Strumigenysnanzanensis Lin & Wu, 1996Strumigenysnanzanensis Lin & Wu, 1996: 148, figs 13, 30\u201334.WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Southern: Phang\u2013nga (Khao Lak), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Satun .References.Strumigenysnepalensis De Andrade, 1994Strumigenysnepalensis De Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 57, figs 33, 34.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Tham Lot). Western: Kanchanaburi (Erawan NP), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Chamao NP). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS).References.Strumigenysnothomopyx Bolton, 2000Strumigenysnothomopyx Bolton, 2000: 763.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai .References.Strumigenysnytaxis Bolton, 2000Strumigenysnytaxis Bolton, 2000: 797.WesternDistribution. : Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP*). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Sabab [Pheao NP]).References.Strumigenysparaposta Bolton, 2000Strumigenysparaposta Bolton, 2000: 763NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP*).References.Strumigenysrotogenys Bolton, 2000Strumigenysrotogenys Bolton, 2000: 769, figs 426, 491.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Phang\u2013nga .References.Strumigenyssauteri Pentastrumasauteri Forel, 1912d: 51.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Strumigenysscolopax Pyramicascolopax Bolton, 2000: 439.SouthernDistribution. : Phang\u2013nga (Si Phang\u2013nga NP*).References.Strumigenyssigneae Forel, 1905Strumigenyssigneae Forel, 1905: 10.SouthernDistribution. : Phang\u2013nga .References.Strumigenysstrygax Bolton, 2000Strumigenysstrygax Bolton, 2000: 853.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Strumigenyssublaminata Brown, 1959Strumigenyssublaminata Brown, 1959: 84.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phang\u2013nga , Satun .References.Strumigenyssydorata Bolton, 2000Strumigenyssydorata Bolton, 2000: 876NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP). Western: Tak (Umphang WS). Western: Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi . Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat .References.Strumigenystaphra Bolton, 2000Pyramicataphra Bolton, 2000: 448. Type locality: THAILAND.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP).References.Remarks. Unknown type locality.Strumigenystritomea Bolton, 2000Strumigenystritomea Bolton, 2000: 770NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Web Pang An*).References.Syllophopsisaustralica Monomoriumsubcoecumsubsp.australicum Forel, 1907: 20.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Monomoriumtalpa Emery, 1911, junior synonym of S.australica), Jaitrong and Jeenthong .Syllophopsissechellensis Monomoriumfossulatumsubsp.sechellense Emery, 1894: 69.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Monomoriumsechellense Emery, 1894).Tetheamyrmasubspongia Bolton, 1991Tetheamyrmasubspongia Bolton, 1991: 10, figs 16, 17.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Tetramoriumadelphon Bolton, 1979Tetramoriumadelphon Bolton, 1979: 177.Distribution. Northern: Chiang Mai (Nong Hoi).References.Tetramoriumaptum Bolton, 1977Tetramoriumaptum Bolton, 1977: 115NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Nong Hoi*).References.Tetramoriumbicarinatum Myrmicabicarinata Nylander, 1846: 1061.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Ang Khang), Phrae (Wang Ching). Central: Bangkok (Kasetsart University).References.Tetramoriumciliatum Bolton, 1977Tetramoriumciliatum Bolton, 1977: 121, fig. 49.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Nong Hoi*).References.Tetramoriumcuneinode Bolton, 1977Tetramoriumcuneinode Bolton, 1977: 126, fig. 56.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Nong Hoi*).References.Tetramoriumeleates Forel, 1913Tetramorium (Xiphomyrmex) tortuosumvar.eleates Forel, 1913: 82.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Dao WS). Western: Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Khao Nam Khang).References.Tetramoriumflavipes Emery, 1893Tetramorium (Xiphomyrmex) flavipes Emery, 1893c: 247.NorthernDistribution. : Lampang (Mae Had), Chiang Mai (Nong Hoi*). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Tetramoriumhasinae Yamane & Jaitrong, 2011Tetramoriumhasinae Yamane & Jaitrong, 2011: 65, fig. 3A\u2013F.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP*).References.Tetramoriumindosinense Wheeler, 1927Tetramoriumindosinense Wheeler, 1927a: 97, fig. 6.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS).References.Tetramoriuminsolens Myrmicainsolens Smith, 1861: 47.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Tetramoriumkheperra Triglyphothrixkheperra Bolton, 1976: 349, fig. 71.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi . Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Pathum Thani (Khlong). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla , Pattani (Namtok Sai Khao NP), Narathiwat .References.Tetramoriumlanuginosum Mayr, 1870Tetramoriumlanuginosum Mayr, 1870: 976.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Khun Chang Khian) Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Bangkok (Kasetsart University), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Panatnicom). Southern: Narathiwat (Toh Daeng).References.Tetramoriumnacta Triglyphothrixnacta Bolton, 1976: 353. Type locality: THAILAND.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Nong Hoi*).References.Tetramoriumnipponense Wheeler, 1928Tetramoriumguineensesubsp.nipponense Wheeler, 1928c: 115.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Mae Taeng). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima .References.Tetramoriumobtusidens Viehmeyer, 1916Tetramoriumobtusidens Viehmeyer, 1916: 138, fig. 6.NortheasternDistribution. : Chaiyaphum (Pha Hin Ngam NP).References.Tetramoriumpacificum Mayr, 1870Tetramoriumpacificum Mayr, 1870: 976.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Southern: Surat Thani (Khao Sok NP), Krabi (Ko Lanta).References.Tetramoriumpalaense Bolton, 1979Tetramoriumpalaense Bolton, 1979: 175, fig. 56NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Tetramoriumparvispinum Triglyphothrixparvispina Emery, 1893b: 214.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Dao WS).References.Tetramoriumparvum Bolton, 1977Tetramoriumparvum Bolton, 1977: 117.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Tetramoriumpolymorphum Yamane & Jaitrong, 2011Tetramoriumpolymorphum Yamane & Jaitrong, 2011: 68, figs 2D\u2013F, 4A\u2013F.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi). Western: Tak (Umphang WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat) Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Tetramoriumsecuris Roncin, 2002Tetramoriumsecuris Roncin, 2002: 283, figs 1, 3, 5.NortheasternDistribution. : Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS).References.Tetramoriumseneb Bolton, 1977Tetramoriumseneb Bolton, 1977: 128.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP)References.Tetramoriumsimillimum Myrmicasimillima Smith, 1851: 118.NorthernDistribution. : Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Bangkok (Kasetsart University). Southern: Narathiwat (Toh Daeng).References.Tetramoriumsmithi Mayr, 1879Tetramoriumsmithi Mayr, 1879: 673.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Bangkok (Chatuchak), Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao). Southern: Narathiwat .References.Tetramoriumwalshi Triglyphothrixwalshi Forel, 1890a: cvii.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Ob Luang NP), Phrae (Wang Chin). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima .References.Tetramoriumwroughtonii Rhoptromyrmexwroughtonii Forel, 1902b: 231.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi). Western: Tak (Umphang WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS).References.Rhoptromyrmexwroughtonii Forel, 1902b), Rhoptromyrmexwroughtonii Forel, 1902b).Trichomyrmexdestructor Attadestructor Jerdon, 1851: 105.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Kholng Luang). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Pattani (Yaring), Narathiwat .References.Monomoriumdestructor ), Monomoriumdestructor ), Vollenhoviaemeryi Wheeler, 1906Vollenhoviaemeryi Wheeler, 1906: 312, pl. 41, figs 10, 11.Distribution. Thailand (unknown province).References.Vollenhoviafridae Forel, 1913Figs 79Vollenhoviafridae Forel, 1913: 65.WesternDistribution. : Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS). Southern: Ranong (Suk Samran), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Phuket , Trang , Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Narathiwat .Remarks. New record.Material examined. W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Kui Lur Tor Station, 25.II.2016, W. Jaitrong leg., TH16\u2013WJT\u20130104 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Umphang WS, Pha Luard Station, 28.I.2015, W. Jaitrong leg., TH15\u2013WJT\u2013149 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Thung Yai Naresuan East WS, Uthaki Station, 22.IX.2016, W. Jaitrong leg., TH16\u2013WJT\u20131040 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Thung Yai Naresuan East WS, Thi So Mae Station, 23.II.2016, W. Jaitrong leg., TH16\u2013WJT\u20130150 (THNHM); W Thailand, Tak Prov, Umphang Dist, Thung Yai Naresuan East WS, Song Pae Station, 23.II.2016, W. Jaitrong leg., TH16\u2013WJT\u201300049 (THNHM); W Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov, Thong Pha Phum NP, Hill Evergreen Forest, 20.XII.2003, W. Jaitrong leg., (THNHM); NE Thailand, Loei Prov, Phu Luang WS, 15.V.2007, S. Hasin leg., SH07\u2013TH95 (THNHM); S Thailand, Ranong Prov, Suk Samran Dist, 11.VIII.2009, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); S Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov, Noppitam Dist, Khao Luang NP, Krung Ching Waterfall, 20.V.2003, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); S Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat Prov, Khao Nan NP, The Wey to Sen Yen, 200\u2013500m, 16.IV.2007, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT07\u2013TH316 (THNHM); S Thailand, Trang Prov, Nayong Dist, Khao Chong BG, 10.III.2007, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT07\u2013TH124 (THNHM); S Thailand, Trang Prov, Palian Dist, Ton Tae Waterfall, 28.III.2005, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT05\u2013S167 (THNHM); S Thailand, Phatthalung Prov, Sribanpot Dist, Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP, 28.IX.2007, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT07\u2013TH2037 (THNHM); S Thailand, Narathiwat Prov, Hala\u2013Bala WS, 7.XI.2002, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT02\u2013TH318 (THNHM).Vollenhoviarufiventris Forel, 1901Vollenhoviarufiventris Forel, 1901c: 374.SouthernDistribution. : Songkhla .References.Anochetusgraeffei Mayr, 1870Anochetusgraeffei Mayr, 1870: 961.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Lampang , Phrae , Nan (Nakhon Nan Forest Plantation). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum , Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha kang WS), Saraburi (Phu Kae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Chang). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Anochetusmodicus Brown, 1978Anochetusmodicus Brown, 1978: 582.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Pong Nam Ron).References.Anochetusmyops Emery, 1893Anochetusmyops Emery, 1893b: 201, pl. 8, figs 11, 12.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Surat Thani (Khlong Yan WS), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Anochetusprinceps Emery, 1884Anochetusprinceps Emery, 1884: 379.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Ban Rai). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Trat (Ko Kut).References.Anochetusrugosus Odontomachusrugosus Smith, 1857: 65.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Brachyponerachinensis  species complexPoneranigritasubsp.chinensis Emery, 1895: 460.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani (Khlong Yan WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang , Phatthalung , Narathiwat .References.Pachycondylachinensis ), Pachycondylachinensis ), Brachyponeraluteipes Poneraluteipes Mayr, 1862: 722.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok  Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong , Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Pattani (Yaring), Narathiwat .References.Pachycondylaluteipes ), Brachyponeranigrita Poneranigrita Emery, 1895: 459.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Southern: Trang , Narathiwat .References.Pachycondylanigrita ), Buniaponeamblyops Poneraamblyops Emery, 1887d: 434.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Narathiwat .References.Pachycondylaamblyops ).Centromyrmexfeae Spalacomyrmexfeae Emery, 1889a: 491, pl. 10, figs 11\u201315.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Phayao , Lampang (Tham Pha Thai NP). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phu Kae BG). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat . Southern: Phang\u2013nga (Khura Buri), Nakhon Si Thamarat , Phuket , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Narathiwat .References.Cryptoponetestacea Emery, 1893Cryptoponetestacea Emery, 1893a: cclxxv.SouthernDistribution. : Yala.References.Diacammaintricatum Poneraintricata Smith, 1857: 67.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Pheao NP).References.Diacammajaitrongi Zettel, Pal & Laciny, 2016Diacammajaitrongi Zettel, Pal & Laciny, 2016: 141, figs 14\u201317.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Pha Hom Pok NP*).References.Diacammalongitudinale Emery, 1889Figs 81Diacammalongitudinale Emery, 1889a: 496.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum). Central: Saraburi (Phu Kae BG). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Pang Sida NP), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).Remarks. New record.Material examined. W Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov, Thong Pha Phum Dist, Natural Forest, 8.III.2005, Watana leg., PF1\u201314 (THNHM); C Thailand, Saraburi Prov, Phu Kae BG, 19.IX.2016, W. Jaitrong leg., WJT190916\u20131 (THNHM); Thailand, Chachoengsao Prov, Khao Ang Reu Nai WS, Lumchangwat Station, 25.IV.2003, W. Jaitrong leg. (THNHM); E Thailand, Sa Kaeo Prov, Huai Nam Yen, Pang Sida NP, 27.V.2006, WJT06\u2013E367 (THNHM).Diacammaorbiculatum Santschi, 1932Diacammaceylonensis [sic!] var. orbiculatum Santschi, 1932: 14.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi), Lampang (Ngao). Northeastern: Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP), Loei (Phu Kradueng NP), Chaiyaphum , Sakon Nakhon (Phu Phan NP), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Phetchabun , Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Namtok Sam Lan NP), Nakhon Nayok (Khao Yai NP), Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Bangkok (Bang Khen), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Chon Buri (Si Racha), Rayong , Trat . Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Remarks. All Diacamma specimens were identified as Diacammarugosum  in D.orbiculatum in the present paper.Diacammaviolaceum Forel, 1900Diacammascalpratumvar.violaceum Forel, 1900c: 317. Status as species: Laciny, Pal & Zettel, 2015: 93.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son .References.Remarks. All Diacamma specimens were identified as Diacammasculpturata  in D.violaceum in the present paper.Ectomomyrmexannamitus Poneraannamita Andr\u00e9, 1892: 48.Distribution. Thailand .References.Ectomomyrmexastutus Pachycondylaastuta Smith, 1858: 107.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Surat Thani (Khlong Yan WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Yala.References.Pachycondylaastuta Smith, 1858), Ectomomyrmexleeuwenhoeki Poneraleeuwenhoeki Forel, 1886: 244.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Kalsin (Phu Sithan WS), Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Surat Thani , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung (Khao Pu\u2013Khao Ya NP), Songkhla (Kuan Khao Wang Forest Park).References.Pachycondylaleeuwenhoeki ), Pachycondylaleeuwenhoeki ), Emeryoponebuttelreepeni Forel, 1912Emeryoponebuttelreepeni Forel, 1912b: 762.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Dao WS). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum). Northeastern: Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Ban Rai). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani (Khlong Yan WS), Nakhon Si Thamarat (Khao Luang NP), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Harpegnathosvenator Drepanognathusvenator Smith, 1858: 82.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Nan (Nakhon Nan Forest Plantation). Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Central: Phitsanulok , Saraburi (Phu Kae BG). Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khlung).References.Leptogenysaspera Lobopeltaaspera Andr\u00e9, 1889: 222.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai).References.Leptogenysbirmana Forel, 1900Leptogenys (Lobopelta) birmana Forel, 1900c: 310.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang NP). Northeastern: Udon Thani (Nong Saeng), Surin (Huai Thab Than WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Ubon Ratchathani (Khong Chiam), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Phetchabun (Khao Khor NP), Phitsanulok , Uthai Thai (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok  Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Leptogenysborneensis Wheeler, 1919Leptogenys (Lobopelta) borneensis Wheeler, 1919: 59.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang , Narathiwat .References.Leptogenyscyanicatena Arimoto & Yamane, 2018Lobopeltachalybaea Emery, 1887c: 432.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS), Kanchanaburi (Khuean Srinagarindra NP), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Nakhon Nayok . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS*), Chon Buri (Bang Phra), Chanthaburi (Khao Khitchakut NP).References.Leptogenyschalybaea ), Remarks. All Leptogenys specimens were identified as L.chalybaea in L.cyanicatena in the present paper.Leptogenysdiminuta Poneradiminuta Smith, 1857: 69.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang NP). Northeastern: Udon Thani (Nong Saeng), Surin (Huai Thab Than WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani . Central: Phetchabun (Khao Khor NP), Phitsanulok , Uthai Thai (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Leptogenyshysterica Forel, 1900Leptogenys (Lobopelta) hysterica Forel, 1900c: 311.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Omkoi). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Leptogenysiridescens Ponerairidescens Smith, 1857: 66.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS).References.Leptogenyskitteli Lobopeltakitteli Mayr, 1870: 966.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang NP). Northeastern: Udon Thani (Nong Saeng), Surin (Huai Thab Than WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Ubon Ratchathani , Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Phetchabun (Khao Khor NP), Phitsanulok , Uthai Thai (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok  Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat , Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Leptogenyskittelialtisquamis Forel, 1900Leptogenys (Lobopelta) kittelir.altisquamis Forel, 1900c: 306.Distribution. Thailand .References.Leptogenyskraepelini Forel, 1905Leptogenys (Lobopelta) kraepelini Forel, 1905: 5.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Leptogenyslucidula Emery, 1895Leptogenyslucidula Emery, 1895: 462.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Leptogenysmutabilis Poneramutabilis Smith, 1861: 45.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Phatthalung (Khao Phap Pha), Narathiwat .References.Leptogenysmyops Lobopeltamyops Emery, 1887c: 432.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima . Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Narathiwat .References.Leptogenyspunctiventris Lobopeltapunctiventris Mayr, 1879: 666.CentralDistribution. : Bangkok.References.Mesoponerarubra Ponerarubra Smith, 1857: 66.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Yan WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP).References.Pachycondyalarubra (larubra ).Myopiasbidens Trapeziopeltabidens Emery, 1900a: 313.WesternDistribution. : Tak . Eastern: Chanthaburi . Southern: Narathiwat .References.Myopiascrawleyi Trapeziopeltanitida Crawley, 1924: 384, fig. 2.WesternDistribution. : Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum), Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang NP). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat .References.Myopiasmalignapunctigera Trapeziopeltamalignavar.punctigera Emery, 1900a: 663.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat (Wang Dist).References.Myopiasmandibularis Trapeziopeltamandibularis Crawley, 1924: 386, fig. 3.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat , Surat Thani (Vibhavadi), Ranong (Khlong Naka).References.Myopiasminima Jaitrong, Tasen & Gu\u00e9nard, 2018Myopiasminima Jaitrong, Tasen & Gu\u00e9nard, 2018: 162\u2013165, figs 28\u201330.SouthernDistribution. : Phatthalung .References.Myopiassakaeratensis Jaitrong, Tasen & Gu\u00e9nard, 2018Myopiassakaeratensis Jaitrong, Tasen & Gu\u00e9nard, 2018: 166\u2013168, figs 34\u201336.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima , Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS).References.Myopiassonthichaiae Jaitrong, Tasen & Gu\u00e9nard, 2018Myopiassonthichaiae Jaitrong, Tasen & Gu\u00e9nard, 2018: 168\u2013172, figs 37\u201339.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Ang Khang*). Western: Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS).References.Odontomachuslatidens Mayr, 1867Odontomachuslatidens Mayr, 1867: 80.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Odontomachusmonticola Emery, 1892Odontomachusmonticola Emery, 1892: 560.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai . Western: Tak . Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS).References.Odontomachusrixosus Smith, 1857Odontomachusrixosus Smith, 1857: 64.WesternDistribution. : Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang NP). Northeastern: Udon Thani (Nong Saeng), Surin (Huai Thab Than WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Ubon Ratchathani , Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Phetchabun (Khao Khor NP), Phitsanulok , Uthai Thai (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok  Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Yala, Pattani , Narathiwat .References.Odontomachussimillimus Smith, 1858Odontomachussimillimus Smith, 1858: 80, pl. 5, figs 8, 9.WesternDistribution. : Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang NP). Northeastern: Udon Thani (Nong Saeng), Surin (Huai Thab Than WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Ubon Ratchathani (Khong Chiam), Nakhon Ratchasima , Ubon Ratchathani (Pha Taem NP). Central: Phetchabun (Khao Khor NP), Phitsanulok , Uthai Thai (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Yala, Pattani (Namtok Sai Khao NP), Narathiwat .References.Odontoponeradenticulata Poneradenticulata Smith, 1858: 90, pl. 6, figs 13, 14.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang NP). Northeastern: Udon Thani (Nong Saeng), Surin (Huai Thab Than WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Ubon Ratchathani , Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Phetchabun (Khao Khor NP), Phitsanulok , Uthai Thai (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Prakan (Bang Krachao), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Yala, Pattani (Nong Chik), Narathiwat .References.Odontoponeratransversa Poneratransversa Smith, 1857: 68.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Parvaponeradarwinii Belonopeltadarwinii Forel, 1893c: 460.Distribution. Thailand .References.Platythyreaclypeata Forel, 1911Plathyreaclypeata Forel, 1911b: 378.EasternDistribution. : Chachoengsao , Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Soi Dao)References.Platythyreajanyai Phengsi, Jaitrong, Ruangsittichai & Khachonpisitsak, 2018Platythyreajanyai Phengsi, Jaitrong, Ruangsittichai & Khachonpisitsak, 2018: 89\u201392, figs 1, 5.SouthernDistribution. : Phatthalung , Trang References.Platythyreaparallela Poneraparallela Smith, 1859: 143.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation). Western: Tak (Umphang WS), Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Central: Phitsanulok (Phu Soi Dao NP), Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Surat Thani (Khlong Saeng WS), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Tai Rom Yen NP).References.Platythyreaquadridenta Donisthorpe, 1941Platythyreaquadridenta Donisthorpe, 1941: 134.SouthernDistribution. : Narathiwat .References.Platythyreatricuspidata Emery, 1900Platythyreatricuspidata Emery, 1900a: 665.SouthernDistribution. : Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Narathiwat .References.Pseudoneoponerarufipes Ponerarufipes Jerdon, 1851: 119.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Chiang Dao WS), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin). Western: Tak . Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS). Central: Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang). Eastern: Trat (Ko Chang). Southern: Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Narathiwat .References.Pachycondylarufipes (rufipes ).Probolomyrmexdammermani Wheeler, 1928Probolomyrmexdammermani Wheeler, 1928a: 7, fig. 1.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Southern: Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Probolomyrmexlonginodus Terayama & Ogata, 1988Probolomyrmexlonginodus Terayama & Ogata, 1988: 592, figs 6\u20138.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep\u2013Pui NP).References.Probolomyrmexvieti Eguchi, Yoshimura et Yamane, 2006Probolomyrmexvieti Eguchi, Yoshimura & Yamane, 2006: 29, figs 7A\u2013F, 9G, 14A\u2013F, 15G, H, 16J\u2013L.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP).References.Proceratiumdeelemani Perrault, 1981Procertiumdeelemani Perrault, 1981: 189, figs 1\u20136.WesternDistribution. : Tak , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS).References. Baroni Urbani & de Andrade (2003), Proceratiumsiamense de Andrade, 2003Proceratiumsiamense de Andrade, in Baroni Urbani & de Andrade, 2003: 342, fig. 136.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon NP*).References. Baroni Urbani & de Andrade (2003).Tetraponeraaitkenii Simaaitkenii Forel, 1902b: 245.NortheasternDistribution. : Chaiyaphum , Loei References. Antweb (2018).Tetraponeraallaborans Pseudomyrmaallaborans Walker, 1859: 375.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Khun Yuam), Nan (Doi Phu Kha NP). Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Nakhon Ratchasima (Khao Yai NP). Central: Bangkok (Bang Khen). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi , Rayong (Ko Man), Trat (Ko Kut). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Tai Rom Yen NP), Phang\u2013nga (Khao Lak), Satun , Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Tetraponeraattenuata Smith, 1877Tetraponeraattenuata Smith, 1877: 71.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang NP). Northeastern: Udon Thani (Nong Saeng), Surin (Huai Thab Than WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Ubon Ratchathani , Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Phetchabun (Khao Khor NP), Phitsanulok , Uthai Thai (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon NP), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Narathiwat .References.Tetraponerabinghami Simabinghami Forel, 1902b: 243.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Mae Hong Son (Khun Yuam), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation). Western: Tak .References.Tetraponeraconcava Xu & Chai, 2004Tetraponeraconcava Xu & Chai, 2004: 65, figs 6\u201310.NortheasternDistribution. : Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS).References.Tetraponeraconnectens Ward, 2001Tetraponeraconnectens Ward, 2001: 611, figs 13, 24, 49.SouthernDistribution. : Phang\u2013nga (Khao Lak NP*).References.Tetraponeracrassiuscula Simaallaboranssubsp.crassiuscula Emery, 1900b: 677, fig. 6.SouthernDistribution. : Surat Thani (Khao Sok NP).References.Tetraponeradifficilis Simadifficilis Emery, 1900a: 677.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Mae Klong Watershed Reseacch Station). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Phang\u2013nga , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Satun , Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS), Yala (Betong).References.Tetraponeraextenuata Ward, 2001Tetraponeraextenuata Ward, 2001: 614, figs 16, 27, 33, 39, 50.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Northeastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Trang (Khao Chong BG).References.Tetraponeramodesta Pseudomyrmamodesta Smith, 1860a: 106.WesternDistribution. : Tak (Thung Yai Naresuan East WS). Eastern: Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS). Southern: Satun .References.Tetraponeranigra Ecitonnigrum Jerdon, 1851: 112.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Mai , Lampang (Huai Tak). Southern: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Nan NP), Satun , Yala.References.Tetraponeranitida Pseudomyrmanitida Smith, 1860a: 106.WesternDistribution. : Kanchanaburi (Tham Than Lod). Northeastern: Mukdahan (Phu Sithan WS), Si Sa Ket (Kanthararom). Central: Bangkok (Bang Khen). Eastern: Chon Buri (Si Racha), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chanthaburi (Pong Nam Ron). Southern: Phang\u2013nga (Khao Lak NP), Nakhon Si Thammarat , Trang .References.Tetraponeranodosa Ward, 2001Tetraponeranodosa Ward, 2001: 639, figs 75, 83.SouthernDistribution. : Songkhla (Hat Yai).References.Tetraponeranotabilis Ward, 2001Tetraponeranotabilis Ward, 2001: 640, figs 76, 84.NortheasternDistribution. : Nakhon Ratchasima (Sakaerat*).References.Tetraponerapilosa Pseudomyrmapilosa Smith, 1858: 160.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung). Western: Tak (Umphang WS), Kanchanaburi (Thong Pha Phum NP). Central: Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng WS) Eastern: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao WS). Southern: Phang\u2013nga (Takua Pa), Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang (Khao Chong BG), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang WS).References.Tetraponerarufonigra Ecitonrufonigrum Jerdon, 1851: 111.NorthernDistribution. : Chiang Rai (Doi Tung), Chiang Mai , Phayao (Mae Ka), Lamphun (Mae Li Forest Plantation), Lampang , Phrae (Wang Chin Forest Plantation), Nan . Western: Tak , Kanchanaburi , Phetchaburi (Kaeng Krachan NP), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Namtok Huai Yang NP). Northeastern: Udon Thani (Nong Saeng), Surin (Huai Thab Than WS), Kalasin (Phu Sithan WS), Chaiyaphum (Phu Khiao WS), Loei (Phu Luang WS), Ubon Ratchathani , Nakhon Ratchasima . Central: Phetchabun (Khao Khor NP), Phitsanulok , Uthai Thai (Huai Kha Khaeng WS), Saraburi (Phukae BG), Bangkok , Pathum Thani (Khlong Luang), Samut Songkhram (Mueang Samut Songkhram). Eastern: Sa Kaeo (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chachoengsao (Khao Ang Reu Nai WS), Chon Buri , Chanthaburi , Rayong , Trat . Southern: Chumphon (Krom Luang Chumphon WS), Ranong (Khlong Na Kha WS), Surat Thani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Krabi (Ko Lanta), Trang , Phatthalung , Satun (Tarutao NP), Songkhla , Yala, Pattani (Nong Chik), Narathiwat .References."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Emilie Steed. The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct citation is: 1. Sunde J, Wasickanin M, Katz TA, Wickersham EL, Steed E, Simper N (2020) Prevalence of endosalpingiosis and other benign gynecologic lesions. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0232487."}
{"text": "Correction to: Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-63187-1, published online 10 April 2020Nucleic Acids Res.35, W345\u2013W349 (2007).Kong, L. et al. Cpc: Assess the Protein-Coding Potential of Transcripts Using Sequence Features and Support Vector Machine. BMC Genomics. 14(Suppl 2), S7 (2013).Sun, K. et al. Iseerna: Identification of Long Intergenic Non-Coding Rna Transcripts from Transcriptome Sequencing Data. Nat. Methods. 12, 357\u2013360 (2015).Kim, D., Langmead, B. & Salzberg, S.L. Hisat: A Fast Spliced Aligner with Low Memory Requirements. Methods Mol Biol. 1011, 305\u2013315 (2013).Pollier, J., Rombauts, S. & Goossens, A. Analysis of Rna-Seq Data with Tophat and Cufflinks for Genome-Wide Expression Analysis of Jasmonate-Treated Plants and Plant Cultures. This Article containserrors in the Reference list. References 28 and 29 are incorrectly listed as references 30 and 31 respectively. As a result, references 30 and 31 are listed incorrectly as references 28 and 29. The correct references 28\u201331 are listed below as references 1\u20134 respectively."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Tolga Sutlu. The correct citation is: Rossi F, Josey B, Sayitoglu EC, Potens R, Sutlu T, Duru AD, et al. (2020) Characterization of zika virus infection of human fetal cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS ONE 15(9): e0239238."}
{"text": "In the last few years, many microfungi\u2014including plant-associated species\u2014have been reported from various habitats and substrates in Italy. In this study of pleosporalean fungi, we researched terrestrial habitats in the Provinces of Arezzo (Tuscany region), Forl\u00ec-Cesena and Ravenna (Emilia-Romagna region) in Italy.Italicaheraclei (Phaeosphaeriaceae). In addition, we present a new host record for Pseudoophiobolusmathieui (Phaeosphaeriaceae) and the second Italian record of Phomatodesnebulosa (Didymellaceae). Species boundaries were defined, based on morphological study and multi-locus phylogenetic reconstructions using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses. Our findings expand the knowledge on host and distribution ranges of pleosporalean fungi in Italy.Our research on Italian pleosporalean fungi resulted in the discovery of a new species,  Among the most important mycologists of the 19taxonomy . Currenttaxonomy . In the taxonomy . CurrentPleosporales is amongst the most family-rich ones in Dothideomycetes , Phoma and Phoma-like species  collected in the Provinces of Arezzo, Forl\u00ec-Cesena and Ravenna  from September to December 2018. Samples were preserved in sterile Ziploc bags in the laboratory at 18\u00b0C. Macromorphological characters of the samples were observed using a Motic SMZ 168 compound stereomicroscope and micromorphology was examined from hand-sectioned structures using a Nikon ECLIPSE 80i compound stereomicroscope, equipped with a Canon 600D digital camera. The measurements of photomicrographs were obtained using Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work version 0.9.7. Images were edited with Adobe Photoshop CS6 Extended version 13.0.1 software .Strains were isolated from dead stems of different host plants belonging to Single-spore isolation was carried out as described by http://qgis.org/). Geocodes of collecting locations were confirmed with GoogleEarthPro version 7.3.3 . The data files (.cvs and .shp) for administrative boundaries were downloaded from DIVA-GIS for mapping and geographic data analysis (https://www.diva-gis.org/).The administrative boundaries of Italy and geocodes for collecting sites related to our newly-isolated species were mapped by using QGIS version 3.14  or 2,000,000 generations (Phaeosphaeriaceae). Trees were sampled every 1000 generations, ending the run automatically when the standard deviation of split frequencies dropped below 0.01. Phylogenetic trees were visualised with FigTree version 1.4.0 (Didymellaceae (http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S27224) and submission ID 27225 for Phaeosphaeriaceae (http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S27225).Phylogenetic analyses were run on the CIPRES Science Gateway portal . ML treeon 1.4.0  and editPhaeosphaeriaceae, Tintelnotiadestructants (CBS 127737) and T.opuntiae (CBS 376.91) were selected as outgroup taxa. The dataset comprised 52 taxa, including our new isolates. The final concatenated dataset comprised 3307 characters including gaps. ML and BI analyses resulted in similar tree topologies. The final RAxML tree is shown in Fig. For the phylogenetic analysis of ants CBS 27737 andItalicaheraclei (MFLUCC 20-0227) formed a phylogenetically-distinct lineage with high support (82 ML/0.98 PP)  and the ex-type strain of P.mathieui (MFLUCC 17-1785) clustered together with high support (98 ML/1.00 PP)  and L.doliolum (CBS 505.75) were selected as outgroup taxa. The concatenated ITS\u2013LSU\u2013RPB2\u2013TUB2 dataset comprised 55 taxa, including our new isolates. The final dataset comprised 2154 characters including gaps. ML and BI analyses resulted in similar tree topologies. The final RAxML tree is shown in Fig. For Phomatodes , confirmed the identity of our isolate as Phomatodesnebulosa.In our phylogenetic analyses, the newly-isolated Italian strain MFLUCC 20-0155 was grouped in Wijes., Yong Wang bis, Camporesi & K.D. Hydesp. nov.D231C179-A0CB-5A11-8B50-2879901E3BA6IF 557859FoF 09223Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Erio Camporesi; Taxon: scientificName: Italicaheraclei Wijes., Yong Wang bis, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov.; kingdom: Fungi; phylum: Ascomycota; class: Dothideomycetes; order: Pleosporales; family: Phaeosphaeriaceae; genus: Italica; specificEpithet: heraclei; taxonRank: species; Location: stateProvince: Province of Forl\u00ec-Cesena [FC]; county: Italy; municipality: near Ranchio; Identification: identifiedBy: S.N. Wijesinghe; Event: year: 2018; month: 09; day: 10; habitat: Heracleumsphondylium on a dead aboveground stem of ; fieldNotes: Terrestrial; Record Level: institutionID: MFLU 18-1906; institutionCode: Mae Fah Luang University Herbarium (MFLU); ownerInstitutionCode: IT 4028Type status:Other material. Record Level: type: ex-type living culture; collectionID: MFLUCC 20-0227; collectionCode: Mae Fah Luang Culture Collection (MFLUCC)Heracleumsphondylium L. . Sexual morph: Ascomata , filamentous, branched pseudoparaphyses  within 2 days, from single-spore isolation. Colonies Fig. o-p on PDT): SSU = MT881671, ITS = MT881676, LSU = MT881653, TEF = MT901290GenBank accession numbers  was isolated from a dead aerial stem of Heracleumsphondylium , whereas I.achilleae (MFLUCC 14-0955) and I.luzulae (MFLUCC 14-0932) were previously isolated from Achilleamillefolium  and Luzula sp. , respectively. The strains of Italicaheraclei (MFLUCC 20-0227) and I.achilleae (MFLUCC 14-0955) were collected from the same Province, Forl\u00ec-Cesena; Italicaluzulae (MFLUCC 14-0932) was collected from Trento Province  shows morphological characters that are typical for the genus, including coriaceous ascomata; filamentous, branched and septate pseudoparaphyses; and hyaline to yellowish-brown ascospores. Italicaheraclei differs from other Italica species by its cylindrical asci and vertically aseptate  and I.luzulae  strains, we detected 3/949 (0.31%), 67/517 (12.95%), 20/796 (2.51%) and 32/619 (5.16%) differences, respectively. From the comparison of SSU, ITS, LSU and TEF nucleotides of I.heraclei and I.achilleae (MFLUCC 14-0955), we found 1/950 (0.1%), 64/517 (12.37%), 7/796 (1.13%) and 28/619 (4.52%) differences, respectively. According to the results of our integrative taxonomy approach, we described I.heraclei (MFLUCC 20-0227) as a new species.From the comparison of the SSU, ITS, LSU and TEF sequences of (Westend.) Phookamsak., Wanas., S.K. Huang, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde (2017)29E4C2F0-5ADA-5F93-89E0-A48495626C05IF554183FoF 03804PseudoophiobolusmathieuiSphaeriamathieuiSphaeriamathieui Westend., Bull. Acad. R. Sci. Belg., Cl. Sci., s\u00e9r. 2: no. 5 (1859) Basionym: Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Erio Camporesi; Taxon: kingdom: Fungi; phylum: Ascomycota; class: Dothideomycetes; order: Pleosporales; family: Phaeosphaeriaceae; genus: Pseudoophiobolus; specificEpithet: mathieui; taxonRank: species; Location: stateProvince: Province of Ravenna; county: Italy; municipality: near Brisighella; Identification: identifiedBy: S.N. Wijesinghe; Event: year: 2018; month: 9; day: 10; habitat: Artemisia sp. on a dead areail stem of ; fieldNotes: Terrestrial; Record Level: institutionID: MFLU 18-1907; institutionCode: Mae Fah Luang University Herbarium (MFLU); ownerInstitutionCode: IT4031Type status:Other material. Record Level: type: living culture; collectionID: MFLUCC 20-0150; collectionCode: Mae Fah Luang Culture Collection (MFLUCC)Artemisia sp. . Sexual morph: Ascomata , filamentous, distinctly septate, cellular pseudoparaphyses : SSU = MT880290, ITS = MT880294, LSU = MT880292, TEF = MT901292Pseudoophiobolus was introduced by Ophiobolus-like taxa, including P.mathieui, characterised by ascospores that are subhyaline to pale yellowish or yellowish, with a swollen cell, lacking terminal appendages and not separating into part spores. Both the new Italian strain (MFLUCC 20-0150) and the previously-isolated ex-type strain of P.mathieui (MFLUCC 17-1785) were collected from the Province of Forl\u00ec-Cesena, on Artemisia sp.  and Salvia sp. , respectively. Further records were reported for the same Province on Origanumvulgare  and Ononisspinosa  (P.mathieui (MFLUCC 17-1785) and our newly-isolated strain (MFLUCC 20-0150) were similar in ascomata, ostiole, peridium and asci, but the ascomatal ostiole of MFLUCC 20-0150 was composed of cells of textura angularis, whereas, in MFLUCC 17-1785, the cells were of textura angularis to textura prismatica  . Charactabaceae) . The holica Fig. .P.mathieui (type) and MFLUCC 20-0150 strain, both were identical. However, seven nucleotide differences (1.13%) were found between the TEF sequences of two strains. Following the integrative taxonomic approach with both morphological data and molecular phylogenetic analyses, we conclude that our new collection is Pseudoophiobolusmathieui and represents a new host record on Artemisia sp. .From a comparison of ITS and LSU sequences between (Pers.) Qian Chen & L. Cai, Stud. Mycol. 82: 191 (2015)A80883D5-4F7B-5E04-B9B9-28795D08F153IF 814134FoF 06803PhomatodesnebulosaSphaerianebulosaSphaerianebulosa Pers., Observ. mycol. (Lipsiae) 2: 69 (1800) [1799] = Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Erio Camporesi; Taxon: namePublishedIn: Phomatodesnebulosa (Pers.) Qian Chen & L. Cai, Stud. Mycol. 82: 191 (2015); kingdom: Fungi; phylum: Ascomycota; class: Dothideomycetes; order: Pleosporales; family: Didymellaceae; genus: Phomatodes; specificEpithet: nebulosa; taxonRank: species; Location: stateProvince: Province of Arezzo [AR]; county: Italy; municipality: near Passo la Calla - Stia; Identification: identifiedBy: S.N. Wijesinghe; Event: year: 2018; month: December; day: 3; habitat: Urticadioica on a dead and aerial stem of ; fieldNotes: Terrestrial; Record Level: institutionID: MFLU 18-2685; institutionCode: Mae Fah Luang University Herbarium (MFLU); ownerInstitutionCode: IT 4110Type status:Other material. Record Level: type: living culture; collectionID: MFLUCC 20-0155; collectionCode: Mae Fah Luang Culture Collection (MFLUCC)Urticadioica L. . Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiomata : ITS = MT880293, LSU = MT880295, TUB2 = MT901291Phomatodes was introduced by Phoma-like taxa in Didymellaceae. The type species, Phomatodesaubrietiae, is characterised by globose to subglobose pycnidia, ostiolate conidiomata, solitary or confluent, with a 3\u20135-layered, pigmented pseudoparenchymatous pycnidial wall, phialidic, hyaline, smooth, ampulliform to doliiform conidiogenous cells and cylindrical to allantoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, aseptate, polar guttulate conidia ( conidia . The morP.nebulosa (CBS 100191-type) and P.nebulosa (MFLUCC 20-0155), both strains were identical. In our multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, the new isolate (MFLUCC 20-0155) and the ex-type strains of P.nebulosa  clustered together with high support (99 ML/1.00 PP)  and Mercurialisperennis  from the Netherlands, Thlaspiarvense  from Poland  from Uzbekistan , compared to the previous Italian record on the same host, but from the Province of Forl\u00ec-Cesena (34 m a.s.l.)  . ConsideApiaceae, Asteraceae and Urticaceae, which are economically and ecologically valuable plants  and the new record (Pseudoophiobolusmathieui) of Phaeosphaeriaceae, reported in this study, led to an expansion of knowledge about the family Phaeosphaeriaceae. Pseudoophiobolusmathieui strain was found on a new host, Artemisia sp. , enlarging the host distribution of this species in Italy. The record of Phomatodesnebulosa (Didymellaceae) for the Province of Forl\u00ec-Cesena represents the second record for Italy, widening the geographical range for this species.The pleosporalean fungal collections in this study originated from terrestrial habitats in the Provinces of Arezzo (Tuscany region), Forl\u00ec-Cesena and Ravenna (Emilia-Romagna region) in Italy Fig. . The fune plants . The expAt times, members of these fungal families are able to have pathogenic relationships with different host plants in different environments . Therefo"}
{"text": "Mr. Yao Lu should be included in the author byline. He should be listed as the fifth author, and his affiliation is 1: Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China. The contributions of this author are as follows: Investigation.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007578The correct citation is: Li W, Wang Q, Feng Q, Wang F, Lu Y, Yan Q, et al. (2019) Oncogenic KSHV-encoded interferon regulatory factor upregulates HMGB2 and CMPK1 expression to promote cell invasion by disrupting a complex lncRNA-OIP5-AS1/miR-218-5p network. PLoS Pathog 15(1): e1007578."}
{"text": "NNOO chelate ligand and Pd(II) complex. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231147. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231147 The publisher apologizes for the error.The first author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Shahrul Nizam Ahmad. The correct citation is: Ahmad SN, Anouar EH, Tajuddin AM, Ramasamy K, Yamin BM, Bahron H (2020) Synthesis, characterization, quantum chemical calculations and anticancer activity of a Schiff base"}
{"text": "Merismodes, Phellodon, and Sarcodon)  that have been found in Uzbekistan from 1950 to 2020. This work is based on 790 fungal occurrence records: 185 from recently collected specimens, 101 from herbarium specimens made by earlier collectors, and 504 from literature-based records. All data were deposited as a species occurrence record dataset in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and also summarized in the form of an annotated checklist in this paper. All 286 available specimens were morphologically examined. For 138 specimens, the 114 ITS and 85 LSU nrDNA sequences were newly sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. In total, we confirm the presence of 153 species of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid fungi in Uzbekistan, of which 31 species are reported for the first time in Uzbekistan, including 19 that are also new to Central Asia. These 153 fungal species inhabit 100 host species from 42 genera of 23 families. Polyporales and Hymenochaetales are the most recorded fungal orders and are most widely distributed around the study area. This study provides the first comprehensively updated and annotated the checklist of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid fungi in Uzbekistan. Such study should be expanded to other countries to further clarify species diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi around Central Asia.Uzbekistan, located in Central Asia, harbors high diversity of woody plants. Diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in the country, however, remained poorly known. This study summarizes the wood-inhabiting basidiomycte fungi (poroid and corticoid fungi plus similar taxa such as  Central Asia is a biological crossroads at the most westerly part of the Himalayan range and supports both Palearctic species and others representative of more southerly subtropical latitudes. The peculiarity of fauna and flora is due to its mixed characters: Indo-Himalayan, Mongolian, Eurasian, and Mediterranean species are present . UzbekisIn contrast to the great number of publications dealing with the flora, limited studies document the fungi in Uzbekistan and Central Asia in general . CurrentFungi are essential components of ecosystems and are both directly and indirectly important for human cultures. Various fungal species are key symbionts of trees enabling the survival of the latter in the arid areas . Fungal Among the basidiomycetous macrofungi, especially those with poroid fertile surface of fruiting bodies (poroid fungi) and corticioid fertile surface (corticioid fungi) play several essential roles in forest ecosystems . Most ofThe first mycological investigations on wood-inhabiting fungi in Uzbekistan were started by Sinadskiy and Bondartseva in 1950, who reported 21 polypore species . The firHyphodontia from Central Asia was published  in Uzbekistan from morphological and, where possible, phylogenetic perspectives, and also to provide comprehensive annotations for these species including host, substratum, distribution, and occurring frequency.On the basis of our own collections, literatures, and herbarium data reassessments, the present study aimed to recognize species diversity of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid fungi , and winter average temperature is about \u22122\u00b0C (28\u00b0F) but may fall as low as \u221240\u00b0C (\u221240\u00b0F). Most parts of the country are arid with average annual rainfall amounting to between 100 and 200 mm (3.9 and 7.9 in) and occurring mostly in winter and spring. Between July and September, little precipitation falls, essentially stopping the growth of vegetation during that period .A total of 286 specimens of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticoid were examined. This includes 101 specimens from Mycological Herbarium of Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia (TAAM); 3 specimens from Tashkent Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent (TASM); and 185 specimens from our own field surveys, which are deposited in TASM. Our own specimens were recently collected from Tashkent Botanical Garden (Tashkent city), Tashkent Province , Jizzakh Province , Surxondaryo Province (Baysun and Husar ranges in Pamir-Alay Mountains), and Fergana Valley (Namangan Province) . In addiincertae sedis.Morphological characters were described based on fresh and dried fruiting bodies. Microscopic characters of fruiting bodies were observed on dried specimens at a magnification up to 1000 \u00d7 with a Leica DM 1000  microscopes in 5% aqueous KOH plus 1% phloxine, Melzer\u2019s reagent for amyloid or dextrinoid reactions, cotton blue in lactic acid for cyanophily, and 1% aqueous cresyl blue for metachromatism . MacromoGenomic DNA was extracted from the dried basidiocarps of herbarium materials using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit , QIAamp DNA Micro Kit (Qiagen), and the Extract-N-Amp Plant PCR Kit , following protocols from the manufacturers, and was diluted as a template for subsequent amplification. PCR amplification targeted the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA), the universal DNA barcode for identification of fungi , and the1 (accession number S26575), was subjected to an estimation of the best-fit evolutionary model using jModelTest . When compiling the annotated species checklist for this paper, for the sake of conciseness, all occurrence records were linked to 50 localities that are listed in the study.The occurrence data of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid fungi was extracted from 504 records in 19 publications as well as 185 records of our own recent collections in field surveys and 101 herbarium specimens from TAAM and TASM. All but collection data from TAAM  were formatted according to the Darwin Core Standard6 (2020) were used for geo-referencing all available occurrence data of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid fungi in the study sites. A WGS84 geographic coordinate system was used as a reference datum. The land cover data were adapted from the 500-m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land cover product . Among the 153 species, 31 are reported for the first time in Uzbekistan, including 19 also new to Central Asia. The orders represented by the most specimens are Polyporales  and Hymenochaetales . Together they contain 129 species or 84.3% of the total wood-inhabiting poroid and corticiod biota of Uzbekistan (Trametes (9 species); Inonotus (5); Ganoderma, Lentinus, Phellinus, Rigidoporus, and Stereum (4 each); and Antrodia, Cerioporus, Gloeophyllum, Fomitiporia, Hyphodontia, Lyomyces, Phlebia, Phylloporia, Postia, and Trichaptum (3 each) that contain 64 species or 41.8%, and the other genera have one to two species , 26 families, and 97 genera in Uzbekistan . Data onbekistan . The mos species .\u2217) denotes new fungal records to Central Asia and thus to Uzbekistan, while the new fungal records to Uzbekistan but not to Central Asia is indicated by a number sign (#). A filled circle (\u2022) means identification was DNA-assisted. Short notes are provided for some taxa. Photos of basidiocarps in situ are shown for some species  indicates potentially new species to science and asterisk ; AP, Andijan District, Kutarma village (2); AP, Garden and Parks (3); AP, Shaxrixon district, Holdovonbek village (4); BP (5); FP (6); JP, Nurata State Reserve, Nurata Range, Pamir-Alay Mountain System (7); JP, Zaamin District, Zaamin National Park, Zaamin State Reserve in the South and South-east of the Turkestan Range (8); K, Lower-Amudarya Biosphere Reserve (9); Kyzyl-kum Desert (10); NMP, Chortoq District, Chortoq dam olishmaskani, Chortoq foothills (11); NMP, Haqiloobod District, Haquloobod village (12); NMP, Mingbuloq District, Qorasuv garden (13); NMP, National Parks and Gardens (14); NMP, Pop District, Chodaksay basin, Kurama Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan (15); NMP, Turaqurgon District, Kuymazor village, Pop and Chust foothills (16); NP, Sarmysh valley (17); NP. Tamdy District, Boymurot village, desert (18); QP, Hissar State Reserve in North-western of Hissar Range, Pamir-Alay Mountain System (19); QP, Yakkaobod village, Yakkabog forestry (20); SP, Zarafshan State Reserve, Zarafshan river valley, Pamir Mountains (21); SRP, Baysun District, Baysun village, Omonkhona, Baysun Mountain, South-western spurs of the Hissar Range in the Western part of the Pamir-Alay System (22); SRP, Baysun District, Darband village, Baysun Mountain, South-western spurs of the Hissar Range in the Western part of the Pamir-Alay System (23); SRP, Baysun District, Machay village, Baysun Mountain, South-western spurs of the Hissar Range in the Western part of the Pamir-Alay System (24); SRP, Hissar Range of Pamir-Alay Mountains (25); SRP, Surkhan State Reserve (26); SDR (27); TBG (28); Tashkent, olimlar shaxarchasi (29); TP, Angren, Yangibod village, South-eastern slope of Chatkal Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan (30); TP, Bekabad District, NW of Bekabad, Dalverzin village (31); TP, Bustonliq District, Beldersay, Greater Chimgan, Chatkal Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan (32); TP, Bustonliq District, Burchmulla village, Kulabsay, Western Tien Shan Mountains (33); TP, Bustonliq District, Gazalkent, spurs of the Western Tien Shan (34); TP, Bustonliq District, Kayinarsay and Sarvasay, Western Tien Shan (35); TP, Bustonliq District, Kuksu River, Pskem Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan (36); TP, Bustonliq District, Onaulgansoy, Pskem river, Pskem Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan (37); TP, Bustonliq District, Oqtosh village, Ugam Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan (38); TP, Bustonliq District, Xojikent village, Ugam Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan (39); TP, Bustonliq District, Xumson village, Xumsonsoy, Ugam Mountain Range of the Western Tien Shan (40); TP, Bustonliq District, Yubileyniy village, Chimyonsoy, Chimgan, Chatkal Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan (41); TP, Bustonliq District, Yusufhona village, Mazarsay, Charvak Reservoir, Western Tien Shan Mountains (42); TP, Karankulsay, Kungurbuka Mountain, Ugam Range of Western Tien Shan (43); TP, Oxangoron District, Oxangoron basin river (44); TP, Parkent District, Chatkal Biosphere Reserve, Chatkal Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan (45); TP, Parkent District, Kumyshkan village, Chatkal Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan Mountains (46); TP, Parkent District, Nivich and Qiziljar villages, Bashkyzylsay, Chatkal Biosphere Reserve, Chatkal Mountain Range of Western Tien Shan (47); TP, Tuyatashsoy, Western Tien Shan Mountains (48); TP, Ugam-Chatkal State Nature National Park, Western Tien Shan Mountains (49); TP, Yangikurgan village, Kurigansay river, Western Tien Shan Mountains (50).AGARICALES Underw.CYPHELLACEAE LotsyChondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar, \u010cesk\u00e1 Mykol. 13(1): 17 (1959)#Acer pentapomicum Stewart ex Brandis, 17 May 2016, YG-B01.Specimen examined: (24): on PTERULACEAECORNERRadulomyces confluens (Fr.) M.P. Christ., Dansk bot. Ark. 19 (no. 2): 230 (1960)#\u2022Specimens examined: (39): on fallen rotten trunk, 2 Nov. 2011, YG006; (39): on trunks of angiosperm woody plant, 20 Nov. 2013, YGcor-80; (28): on dead stump, 2 Sept. 2013, YG-G43.NIACEAE J\u00fclich\u2217Merismodes anomala (Pers.) Singer, Agaric. mod. Tax., Edn 3 (Vaduz): 665 (1975)Prunus sp., 30 Apr. 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127589.Specimen examined: (49): on dead branch of Note: In TAAM, this specimen was originally labeled as Cyphellopsis anomala (Pers.) Donk.SCHIZOPHYLLACEAE Qu\u00e9l.Schizophyllum commune Fr., Observ. mycol. (Havniae) 1: 103 (1815)\u2022Morus alba L., 26 May 2011, YG047; (37): on dead trunk of Juglans regia L., 20 Sept. 2014, YG/PS169; (45): on a dry branch of Celtis australis subsp. caucasica (Willd.) C.C. Towns., 30 Apr. 1980, A. Kollom, TAAM127588; (20): on Populus sp., Sept. 2012, YG-J2.Specimens examined: (40): on Salix pentandra L. and Prunus armeniaca L.; Salix pentandra L., \u00cc\u00e0lus domestica, Prunus armeniaca, Jun. 2000, Jul. 2004.Literature: ATHELIALES J\u00fclichATHELIACEAE J\u00fclichAthelia arachnoidea (Berk.) J\u00fclich, Willdenowia, Beih. 7: 53 (1972)#\u2022Crataegus sp., 18 Jun. 2014, YG/PS154; (8): on dried branches of Lonicera paradoxa Pojark., 26 May 2018, YG1111.Specimens examined: (38): on fallen angiosperm branch, 3 Sept. 2013, YG-G23; (38): YG-G44; (37): on living branches of CANTHARELLALES G\u00e4um.HYDNACEAE Chevall.Sistotrema coroniferum (H\u00f6hn. and Litsch.) Donk, Fungus, Wageningen 26: 4 (1956)#Betula tree, 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS95.Specimen examined: (37): on branches of CORTICIALES K.H. Larss.CORTICIACEAE HerterCorticium roseum Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 111 (1794)#Juglans regia, 31 Aug. 1963, A. Raitviir, TAAM043491.Specimen examined: (35): on stumps of Vuilleminia sp. Parmasto, Eesti NSV Tead. Akad. Toim., Biol. seer 16(4): 391 (1967)\u00a4\u2022Lonicera sp., E. Parmasto, 25 Apr. 1982, TAAM104410.Specimen examined: (36): on bark and at base of a trunk of GLOEOPHYLLALES ThornGLOEOPHYLLACEAE J\u00fclichGloeophyllum abietinum (Bull.) P. Karst., Bidr. K\u00e4nn. Finl. Nat. Folk 37: 80 (1882)\u2022Juniperus sp., 23 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127397.Specimens examined: (49): on trunk of Pinus sp., 10 May 1987; (8): on Pinus sp., 17 Jun. 1988; (7): on dried stem of Pinus sp., 28 Jul. 1988; (21): on stem of Picea sp., 21 Oct. 1988; (19): on Juniperus sp., 29 Jul. 1989].Literature: Note: Although the species is easily recognizable in the field, to our surprise, we failed to find it.Gloeophyllum odoratum (Wulfen) Imazeki, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 6: 75 (1943)Biota sp., 5 Sept. 1990].Literature: Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill, N. Amer. Fl. (New York) 9(2): 129 (1908)Quercus sp., 1 Jun. 1987; (8): on strum of unknown woody plants, 1 Jun. 1987; (7): on trunk of deciduous tree, 4 Oct. 1988; (21): on fallen stem of angiosperm, 22 Jun. 1988; (19): on dried stem of Quercus sp., 19 Mar. 1988; (9): on Quercus sp., 7 May 1988].Literature: POLYPORALES G\u00e4um.MERULIACEAE ReaAbortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer, Mycologia 36(1): 68 (1944)Quercus sp., 12 Sept. 1990].Literature: Aurantiporus fissilis (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) H. Jahn ex Ryvarden, Polyp. N. Eur. (Oslo) 2: 222 (1978).\u2022Tyromyces fissilis (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) Donk.\u2261 Juglans regia, 9 Jun. 2014, YG/bot3.Specimen examined: (28): on living stem of Tyromyces fissilis, (19): on stem of Malus sp.); Tyromyces fissilis, (1): on various deciduous wood).Literature: Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 5: 38 (1879)\u2022Juglans regia, 26 May 2011, YG012; (37): on dried Juglans regia log, 20 Jun. 2014, YG/PS172; (37): on dried trunk of angiosperm wood, 20 Jun. 2014, YG/PS183; (29): on dead stump of Prunus armeniaca, 2 Apr. 2013, YG-G41; (28): on unknown wood, 3 Sept. 2013, YG/bot23a; (47): on trunk of Populus alba L., 4 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126292; (19): on fallen trunk of Populus sp., 15 Jun. 2013, YG-O1.Specimens examined: (40): on dead stump of Salix sp.], Prunus armeniaca log], Salix sp., 13 Aug. 1986; (45): on dried stem and trunk of Populus sp., 25 Jul. 1986; (19): on decaying Quercus log, 6 May 1986; (6): on Tilia sp., 29 May 1989; (19): on stump of Ulmus sp., 28 Jun. 1988].Literature: Note: This species is very common and occurs on dead and senescent deciduous wood. We mostly found it on Juglans, Populus, and Prunus species in Uzbekistan.Bjerkandera fumosa (Pers.) P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 5: 38 (1879)Quercus sp., 1962]; Quercus sp., Jun. 1983; (49): on dried trunk of Populus sp., Jul. 1984]; Populus sp., 19 May 1985; (45): on stem of Populus sp., 6 Jun. 1986; (1): on trunk of hardwood].Literature: Gelatoporia dichroa (Fr.) Ginns, Index Fungorum 156: 1 (2014)Gloeoporus dichrous (Fr.) Bres.\u2261 Gloeoporus dichrous, (49): dried stem of Morus alba, 1962); Gloeoporus dichrous, (45): on decaying Picea sp., 4 Jul. 1988; (8): on dried stem of Pinus sp., 6 Aug. 1987; (19): on Pinus sp., 18 Jul. 1989; (26): on Pinus sp., 10 Aug. 1989).Literature: Hyphoderma sp.\u00a4\u2022Betula sp., 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS133.Specimen examined: (37): on decaying branch of Irpex lacteus (Fr.) Fr., Elench. fung.  1: 142 (1828)Pyrus sp., 1957]; Populus sp., 19 Aug. 1985, (19): on Ulmus sp., 12 Aug. 1989; (8): on branch of Alnus sp., 9 Sept. 1986; (7): on Quercus sp., 4 Aug. 1987; (45): on dried stem of Salix sp., 16 Oct. 1988].Literature: Irpiciporus litschaueri (Lohwag) Zmitr., Folia Cryptogamica Petropolitana (Sankt-Peterburg) 6: 105 (2018).Spongipellis litschaueri Lohwag\u2261 Spongipellis litschaueri, 7: on stem of Malus sp., 7 Aug. 198; (7): on trunk of Quercus sp., 14 Aug. 1986; (8): on Fraxinus sp., 29 Jul. 1988; (9): on Quercus sp., 19 Aug. 1987; (45): on stems of Ulmus sp., 4 Sept. 1987; (21): on angiosperm fallen wood, 27 Sept. 1987; (26): on dead Fraxinus branch, 3 Sept. 1989).Literature: \u2217Mycoacia aurea (Fr.) J. Erikss. and Ryvarden, Cortic. N. Eur. (Oslo) 4: 877 (1976).Phlebia aurea (Fr.) Nakasone\u2261 Specimen examined: (28): on a fallen rotten deciduous trunk, 20 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104260.Note: In TAAM, this specimen was originally labeled as Phlebia aurea.Phlebia bresadolae Parmasto, Eesti NSV Tead. Akad. Toim., Biol. seer 16(4): 390 (1967)\u2022Specimens examined: (37): on fallen branch of angiosperm, 18 Jun. 2014, YG/PS189; (37): on unknown woody plants branch, 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS89.Phlebia sp. (P. Karst.) Ryvarden, Rept. Kevo subarct. Res. Stn 8: 151 (1971)\u00a4\u2022Crataegus pseudoheterophylla subsp. turkestanica, 26 May 2011, YG64.Specimens examined: (39): on dead hardwood, 2 Nov. 2011, YG326; (40): on living \u2217\u2022Phlebia rufa (Pers.) M.P. Christ., Dansk bot. Ark. 19(no. 2): 164 (1960)Robinia pseudoacacia L., 26 May 2011, YG77.Specimen examined: (40): on living stems of Resiniporus resinascens (Romell) Zmitr., Folia Cryptogamica Petropolitana (Sankt-Peterburg) 6: 98 (2018)Ceriporiopsis resinascens (Romell) Doma\u0144ski\u2261 Ceriporiopsis resinascens (Romell) Doma\u0144ski, (45): on fallen branch of Betula sp., 7 May 1987; (19): on fallen log of Populus sp., 30 May 1987).Literature: Sarcodontia spumea (Sowerby) Spirin, Mycena 1(1): 64\u201371 (2001)Spongipellis spumeus (Sowerby) Pat.\u2261 Spongipellis spumeus (Sowerby) Pat., (45): on fallen stem of Ulmus sp., 4 Sept. 1987; (21): on trunk of Ulmus sp., 27 Sept. 1987; (7): on stem of Malus sp., 7 Aug. 1986, (7): on Quercus sp., 19 Aug. 1989; (8): on Fraxinus sp., 29 Jul. 1988; (19): on dried trunk of Fraxinus sp., 3 Sept. 1989; (9): on dried strum of Quercus sp., 14 Aug. 1986).Literature: \u2217Steccherinum ciliolatum (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) Gilb. and Budington, J. Ariz. Acad. Sci. 6(2): 97 (1970).Prunus spinosissima (Bunge) Franch., 29 Apr. 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127581].Literature: FOMITOPSIDACEAE J\u00fclichAmyloporia sinuosa (Fr.) Rajchenb., Gorj\u00f3n and Pildain, Aust. Syst. Bot. 24(2): 117 (2011)Antrodia sinuosa (Fr.) P. Karst.\u2261 Antrodia sinuosa (Fr.) P. Karst., (21): on wet trunk of Pinus sp., 15 Aug. 1990).Literature: Antrodia albida (Fr.) Donk, Persoonia 4(3): 339 (1966)Quercus sp.]; Quercus fallen branches, 5 Apr. 1987; (45): on fallen Betula trunk, 18 May 1986; (26): on stumps of Populus sp., 25 Jun. 1988; (8): on wet woody plant, 5 Apr. 1987].Literature: Antrodia heteromorpha (Fr.) Donk, Persoonia 4(3): 339 (1966)Pinus fallen trunk, 17 Aug. 1990].Literature: Antrodia xantha (Fr.) Ryvarden, Norw. Jl Bot. (20): 8 (1973)Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica, 22 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104400; (50): on rotten trunk of Juniperus semiglobosa Regel, 24 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104301; (33): on fallen rotten trunk of Juniperus semiglobosa, 24 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104289.Specimens examined: (33): on trunk of Pinus sp., 19 Aug. 1988; (19): on Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica, 15 Aug. 1988; (21): on Pinus sp., 3 Jul. 1989; (7): on stumps of Picea sp., 13 Jul. 1989; (7): on Juniperus sp., 15 Jul. 1989; (49): on Pinus sp., 20 Jul. 1989].Literature: Note: This species appears to be common in the study area. However, we did not find fresh specimens during our field trips.Brunneoporus juniperinus (Murrill) Zmitr., Folia Cryptogamica Petropolitana (Sankt-Peterburg) 6: 86 (2018).#Juniperus semiglobosa, 25 Apr. 1982, M. Khalikova, TAAM104433.Specimen examined: (36): on base of tree of Note: In TAAM, this specimen was originally labeled as Antrodia juniperina (Murrill) Niemel\u00e4 and Ryvarden.Climacocystis borealis (Fr.) Kotl. and Pouzar, \u010cesk\u00e1 Mykol. 12(2): 103 (1958)Pinus sp., 24 Jul. 1988; (26): on fallen trunk of Picea sp., 26 Aug. 1989].Literature: Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (G\u00f6ttingen) 2: 500 (1801)Juglans regia, 15 Aug. 1990].Literature: \u2217\u2022Flavidoporia pulverulenta (B. Rivoire) Audet, Mushrooms nomenclatural novelties 4: [1] (2017)Salix sp., 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS167; (37): on rotten of branch of Salix alba L., 11 Sept. 2016, YG1110.Specimens examined: (37): on trunk of Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B.K. Cui, M.L. Han and Y.C. Dai, in Han, Chen, Shen, Song, Vlas\u00e1k, Dai and Cui, Fungal Diversity 80: 359 (2016)Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst.\u2261 Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst., (49): on stem of Betula sp.); Piptoporus betulinus, (45): on trunk of Betula sp., 14 Jul. 1987; (19): on wet Betula stems, 5 Aug. 1987; (26): on Betula sp., 30 Jun. 1988; (8): on dried stems of Betula sp., 24 Aug. 1989); Piptoporus betulinus, (3): on Betula tianschanica, Jul.\u2013Nov. 2003\u20132005).Literature: Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 6: 9 (1881)Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica, J.K. Rotkevich, Jul. 1956, TASM002.Specimen examined: (48): on Pinus sp., 25 Jul. 1986; (7): on living trunk of Pinus sp., 11 Jun. 1987; (8): on living stem of Picea sp.; (21): on living Pinus tree, 3 Aug. 1987; (19): on fallen stem of conifer tree, 19 Jul. 1988].Literature: Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill, Annls mycol. 18(1/3): 51 (1920)Salix sp., 2 Sept. 2011, YG031; (28): on dried strum angiosperm wood, 3 Oct. 2011, YG041; (24): on Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii (Regel and Herder) A.E. Murray, 20 Aug. 2016, YG-B10.Specimens examined: (28): on stem of Prunus mahaleb L. and Juglans regia]; Robinia pseudoacacia L., 16 Oct. 1986; (1): on trunks of Acacia, 30 Jul. 1989; (1): on trunk of Quercus, 12 Sept. 1989].Literature: Neoantrodia serialis (Fr.) Audet, Mushrooms nomenclatural novelties 6: [2] (2017)Antrodia serialis (Fr.) Donk\u2261 Antrodia serialis, (19): on dried of Pinus trunk, 6 Apr. 1989).Literature: Phaeodaedalea incerta (Curr.) Tura, Zmitr., Wasser and Spirin, Biodiversity of the Heterobasidiomycetes and non-gilled Hymenomycetes  of Israel: 401 (2011).Gloeophyllum sprucei (Berk.) Teixeira= Gloeophyllum sprucei, (19): on wet branches of Pinus sp., 25 Jul. 1990).Literature: Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat., Essai Tax. Hym\u00e9nomyc. (Lons-le-Saunier): 86 (1900)Pinus sp., 30 Jul. 1989; (45): on trunk of Picea sp., 29 Jul. 1989]; Platanus orientalis, Jun.\u2013Jul. 2005].Literature: \u2217\u2022Pilatoporus ibericus (Melo and Ryvarden) Kotl. and Pouzar, Cryptog. Mycol. 14(3): 217 (1993)Specimens examined: (49): on trunk of angiosperm tree, 3 Sept. 2013, YG-G24.Postia caesia (Schrad.) P. Karst., Revue mycol., Toulouse 3(no. 9): 19 (1881)Oligoporus caesius (Schrad.) Gilb. and Ryvarden\u2261 Oligoporus caesius, (45): on stump of Picea sp., 17 Oct. 1987, 6 Nov. 1987; (8): on trunk of Pinus sp., 28 Oct. 1987; (7): on Pinus fallen branch, 12 Nov. 1988).Literature: Postia sericeomollis (Romell) J\u00fclich, Persoonia 11(4): 423 (1982)Oligoporus sericeomollis (Romell) Bondartseva\u2261 Chaetoporellus litschaueri (Pil\u00e1t) Bondartsev= Oligoporus sericeomollis, Chaetoporellus litschaueri), .Literature: Postia stiptica (Pers.) J\u00fclich, Persoonia 11(4): 424 (1982)Oligoporus stipticus (Pers.) Gilb. and Ryvarden\u2261 Oligoporus stipticus, (45): on stump of Pinus sp, 9 Oct. 1987; (19): on Pinus sp., 24 Oct. 1987; (21): on fallen trunk of Picea sp., 6 Nov. 1988).Literature: Osteina obducta (Berk.) Donk, Schweiz. Z. Pilzk. 44: 86 (1966)Oligoporus obductus (Berk.) Gilb. and Ryvarden\u2261 Oligoporus obductus, (21): on root of Pinus sp., 15 Aug. 1990).Literature: Rhodofomes roseus (Alb. and Schwein.) Vlas\u00e1k, \u0106esk\u00e1 Mykol. 44(4): 235 (1990)Fomitopsis rosea (Alb. and Schwein.) P. Karst\u2261 Specimens examined: (45): on conifer fallen trunk, 15 Jun. 1980, S.S. Ramazanova, N4 (TASM).Fomitopsis rosea, (45): on dead standing Picea trunk, 7 Apr. 1987; (45): on Picea sp., 21 May 1988; (8): on trunk of Picea sp., 9 Jun. 1987; (7): on fallen branch of Pinus sp., 30 May 1988; (14): on Pinus sp., 5 May 1989).Literature: Subantrodia uzbekistanica  Audet, Mushrooms nomenclatural novelties 9: [1] (2017).\u2022Antrodia uzbekistanica Yuan, Gafforov and F. Wu\u2261 Juniperus sp., 4 Sept. 2017, YG1103; (8): on rotten stem of Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica (Kom.) Kitam., 10 Sept. 2017, YG1107; (8): on unknown woody branches, 9 Sept. 2016, YG1100.Specimens examined: (8): on Juniper tree rotten wood, 8 Sept. 2016, YG1014; (8): on trunk of Antrodia uzbekistanica).Literature: PHANEROCHAETACEAE J\u00fclich\u2217\u2022Byssomerulius corium (Pers.) Parmasto, Eesti NSV Tead. Akad. Toim., Biol. seer 16(4): 383 (1967)Prunus vulgaris L., 28 Aug. 2013, YG-X3.Specimens examined: (28): on angiosperm fallen branch, 2 Sept. 2013, YG-G21; (7): on dried branch of \u2217Ceriporia purpurea (Fr.) Donk, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., Ser. C, Biol. Med. Sci. 74(1): 28 (1971)Specimen examined: (45): on a deciduous tree, 1 May 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127605.Ceriporiopsis gilvescens (Bres.) Doma\u0144ski, Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 32(4): 731 (1963)\u2022Tyromyces gilvescens (Bres.) Ryvarden\u2261 Juniperus pseudosabina Fisch. et C.A. Mey., 26 May 2011, YG008.Specimens examined: (28): on dried angiosperm wood, 14 Oct. 2011, YG046; (36): on base of rotten trunk of wood, 8 Jun. 2011, YG049; (32): on Tyromyces gilvescens, (45): on fallen branch of Populus sp., 2 May 1987; (19): on Quercus trunk, 19 Aug., 1988; (26): on died fallen of Populus sp., 1 Sept. 1988; (9): on rotten trunk of Populus sp., 10 Jul. 1987; (21): on rotten trunk of Malus sp., 21 Jul. 1986; (6): on dead stump and trunk of deciduous wood, 13 Apr. 1986).Literature: Ceriporiopsis mucida (Pers.) Gilb. and Ryvarden, Mycotaxon 22(2): 364 (1985)Populus sp., 28 Aug. 1990].Literature: Efibula tuberculata (P. Karst.) Zmitr. and Spirin, in Zmitrovich, Malysheva and Spirin, Mycena 6: 33 (2006)#Haloxyllon sp., 6 Apr. 1979, K. Kalamees, TAAM120642.Specimen examined: (18): on fallen trunk of Note: In TAAM, this specimen was originally labeled as Athelia sp.POLYPORACEAE Fr. ex CordaCerioporus mollis (Sommerf.) Zmitr. and Kovalenko, Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 18(1): 33 (2016)Datronia mollis (Sommerf.) Donk\u2261 Datronia mollis, (45): on wet dead trunk of Populus sp., 10 May 1985; (19): on Populus sp., 21 Apr. 1986; (26): on Populus sp., 17 Jun. 1987).Literature: Cerioporus squamosus (Huds.) Qu\u00e9l., Enchir. fung. (Paris): 167 (1886)Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr.\u2261 Juglans regia, 24 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127413; (36): on dried trunk and stem of angiosperm woody plant, 6 Jun. 2011, YG026; (37): on rotten trunk of Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, 2 Sept. 2017, YG20170902; (22): on dried stump of Populus alba, 13 May 2015, YG-B02; (23): on Acer sp., 17 May 2015, YG-B05.Specimens examined: (50): on trunk of Polyporus squamosus, (49): on trunk of Juglans regia); Polyporus squamosus, (49): on Pistacia sp.); Polyporus squamosus, (1): on stump collar of Quercus, sp., 1988, on fallen big branch of Juglans regia, 1989); Polyporus squamosus, (3): on various woody plants, May\u2013Jun. 2000\u20132004).Literature: Note: This species is widespread on angiosperm woody plants across study area.Cerioporus varius (Pers.) Zmitr. and Kovalenko, Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 18(1): 33 (2016)Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr.\u2261 Polyporus varius, (45): on deadwood stem of Quercus sp., 23 Jun. 1990; (19): on fallen stem of Lonicera sp., 10 Aug. 1990).Literature: Cerrena unicolor (Bull.) Murrill, J. Mycol. 9(2): 91 (1903)\u2022Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, 15 May 2011, YG18; (32): on dried stem of Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, 15 May 2011, YG027; (38): on Crataegus pseudoheterophylla subsp. turkestanica, 1 Jun. 2011, YG003; (41): on a trunk of Juglans regia, 22 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104271; (41): on dry twig of Acer sp., 22 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127385; (50): on dead trunk of Salix sp., 24 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127405; (37): on Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, 19 Sept. 2014, YG/PS79; (45): on dry branch of Celtis australis subsp. caucasica, 29 Apr. 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127582; (45): on Celtis australis subsp. caucasica, 3 May 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127632; (45): on dry trunk of Celtis australis subsp. caucasica, 1 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126263; (47): on trunk of Prunus mahaleb, 29 Apr. 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126248.Specimens examined: (28): on dried fallen stem of angiosperm tree, 2 Sept. 2013, YG-G28; (32): on Populus sp.]; Populus sp., Jul. 1988]; Quercus sp., Populus sp., Salix sp., Jul.\u2013Aug. 1988\u20131989].Literature: Note: This species is widespread and causes damage to Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii trees in Tien Shan Mountain.Coriolopsis gallica (Fr.) Ryvarden, Norw. Jl Bot. 19: 230 (1973)Funalia gallica (Fr.) Bondartsev and Singer\u2261 Funalia gallica, (49): on Quercus sp.); Funalia gallica, (28): on stumps and dried trunks of Fraxinus americana L., Jun. 1986, Sept. 1986, Dendropark, May, 1987); Quercus sp., 6 Jun. 1985, (45): on Quercus sp., 3 Jun. 1988, (45): on Salix sp., 17 Jul. 1987, (47): on Populus sp., 27 Jul. 1987; (8): on Fraxinus sp., 4 Jul. 1989; (7): on Fraxinus sp., 1 Aug. 1989; (19): on stem of Fraxinus sp., 20 Jul. 1986; (21): on trunk of Populus sp., 27 Jul. 1987; (6): on Quercus sp., 3 Jun. 1988; (9): on Populus tremula L., 1 Aug. 1989]; Funalia gallica, (3): on fallen trunks of Platanus orientalis L., May 2005, Sept. 2005).Literature: Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolton) J. Schr\u00f6t., in Cohn, Krypt.-Fl. Schlesien (Breslau) 3.1(25\u201332): 492 (1888) [1889]Betula sp., 11 Aug. 1990; (6): on Betula sp., 12 Sept. 1991; on fallen tree of Betula sp., 6 Aug. 1990, on Betula sp., 19 Jul. 1988].Literature: Dichomitus squalens (P. Karst.) D.A. Reid, Revta Biol., Lisb. 5(1\u20132): 150 (1965) [1964\u20135]Pinus sp., 9 May 1987; (21): on Biota sp., 21 Jun. 1989; (21): on Pinus sp., 14 May 1988; (7): on Pinus sp., 9 Jun. 1989; (8): on Picea sp., 20 Jun. 1988; (19): on living stem of old Biota sp., 19 Jul. 1988].Literature: Diplomitoporus flavescens (Bres.) Doma\u0144ski, Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. (39): 191 (1970)Antrodia flavescens (Bres.) Ryvarden\u2261 Antrodia flavescens, (49): on fallen logs of Picea sp., 22 Apr. 1980); Diplomitoporus flavescens), Antrodia flavescens, (7): on Picea stump, 20 Jul. 1987; (26): on Juniper fallen stems, 17 Jun. 1987; (21): on Pinus trunk, 21 Jun. 1989).Literature: Fibroporia vaillantii (DC.) Parmasto, Consp. System. Corticiac. (Tartu): 177 (1968)Antrodia vaillantii (DC.) Ryvarden\u2261 Antrodia vaillantii, (45): on trunk of Picea sp., 18 Aug. 1989).Literature: Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., Summa veg. Scand., Sectio Post. (Stockholm): 321 (1849)\u2022Populus sp., 3 Sept. 2013, YG/bot2; (28): on decaying trunk of identified angiosperm, 4 Sept. 2013, YG/bot4; (40): on living trunk of Juglans regia, 26 May 2011, YG014; (28): on unknown wood, 7 Nov. 2014, YG-60, ibit., on unknown trunk decaying wood, YG-70; (38): on Juglans regia, 13 Sept. 2012, YG/Un2; (37): on dried Juglans regia trunk, 14 Sept. 2014, YG/PS174; (23): on living stem of Juglans regia, 13 Aug. 2015, YG-B03; (22): on dried stem of Salix alba, 17 Aug. 2016, YG-B04.Specimens examined: (28): on living stem of Juglans regia]; Malus sp., Quercus sp., Populus sp.]; Salix wilhelmsiana M. Bieb., Sept. 2000; (4): on died trunk of Salix alba, Oct. 2001].Literature: Note: This species is widespread on living trees in the study area.Hapalopilus rutilans (Pers.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey bot. Club 31(8): 416 (1904)Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) P. Karst.= Hapalopilus nidulans, (49): on dead branch of Betula sp., 1 Jul. 1989, (49): on fallen stem of Populus sp., 14 Jul. 1989; (19): on fallen strums of Populus sp., 29 Jul. 1989).Literature: Lentinus arcularius (Batsch) Zmitr., Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 12(1): 88 (2010)Polyporus arcularius (Batsch) Fr.\u2261 Polyporus arcularius, (45): on dead branch of Juglans regia, May, 1982, Nov. 1983; (41): on Salix interior Rowlee, Apr.\u2013May 1983); Polyporus arcularius; (11): dried trunk of Juglans regia, Apr. 2000, Nov. 2004).Literature: Lentinus brumalis (Pers.) Zmitr., Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 12(1): 88 (2010)Polyporus brumalis (Pers.) Fr.\u2261 Polyporus brumalis, (49): on Celtis australis subsp. Caucasica); Polyporus brumalis, (21): on stem of branch of Salix sp., 21 Jul. 1987; (3): on Salix sp., 15 Aug. 1987; (45): on Betula sp., 10 May 1987; (19): on Betula sp., 20 Jul. 1988; (8): on Populus sp., 6 Sept. 1988; (7): on small branches of Salix sp., 24 Aug. 1987; (27): 20 Jul. 1988; (10): on dried stem of Populus sp., 24 Aug. 1989).Literature: Lentinus substrictus (Bolton) Zmitr. and Kovalenko, Int. J. Med. Mushrooms 18(1): 35 (2016)Polyporus ciliatus Fr.= Polyporus ciliatus, (45): on branches of Salix sp., 15 Aug. 1987; (8): on Salix sp., 21 Aug. 1987; (7): on strum and branch of Populus sp., 6 Nov. 1988; (19): on Betula fallen trumps, 10 May 1987; (21): on Betula sp., 30 Aug. 1988; (3): on Populus sp., 24 Aug. 1989).Literature: Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr., Syst. orb. veg. (Lundae) 1: 78 (1825)\u2022Panus tigrinus (Fr.) Sing.\u2261 Salix sp., 24 Apr. 1989, K. Kalamees, TAAM144150; (28): on stump of Lonicera sp., 20 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM104259; (40): on decaying Juglans regia, 26 May YG029; (33): on fallen trunk of angiosperm, 23 Apr. 1982, M. Khalikova, TAAM104290; (33): on trunk of Juglans regia, 23 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104406; (33): on strum of Salix sp., 23 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127396; (41): on stump of unidentified wood, 23 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127381; (41): on trunk of angiosperm tree, 22 Apr. 1982, M. Khalikova, TAAM104275; (47): on Salix sp., 1 May 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127603; (37): on trunk of Malus domestica, 18 Jun. 2014, YG/PS162; (17): on Salix sp., 7 May 1976, TAAM094856; (17): on stump of Prunus armeniaca, 7 May 1976, K. Kalamees and others, TAAM094857; (17): on Acer tree trunk, 7 May 1976, K. Kalamees and others, TAAM094847; (20): on dried trunks of angiosperm wood, 13 Jun. 2013, YG-J7.Specimens examined: (28): on Lonicera sp., and on fallen dried trunk of Acer sp.]; Malus domestica]; Salix wilhelmsiana, on Populus euphratica Oliv., on living stem of Populus talassica Kom., Nov. 2005]; Panus tigrinus, (4): on Salix linearifalia Wolf.).Literature: Note: This is a widespread species in the study area.Lenzites betulinus (L.) Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. : 405 (1838) [1836\u20131838]Betula sp., 17 Aug. 1987; (26): on Populus sp., 22 Jul. 1988; (10): on Populus sp., 10 Sept. 1988; (21): on Salix sp., 26 Sept. 1988, 18 Aug. 1989]Literature: Lenzites warnieri Durieu and Mont., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., s\u00e9r. 4 14: 182 (1860)\u2022Populus nigra L., 15 Jul. 1985, E. Krall, Z. Narbal, TAAM126870.Specimen examined: (49): on branch of Betula sp., 17 Aug. 1987; (19): on Populus sp., 22 Jul. 1988; (7): died trunk of Populus sp. 10 Sept. 1988; (8): on Salix sp., 26 Sept. 1988; (26): on Quercus sp., 10 Aug. 1990; (18): on Salix sp., 18 Aug. 1988].Literature: Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead and Ginns, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 26(3): 357 (1985)Lentinus lepideus (Fr.) Fr.\u2261 Lentinus lepideus, (28): on softwood conifer stumps, Sept. 1980, 1982); Lentinus lepideus, (45): on Populus sp. 13 Sept. 1990); Lentinus lepideus, (2): on stem of Populus talassica Kom., Nov. 2005).Literature: Perenniporia fraxinea (Bull.) Ryvarden, Grundr. Krauterk. 2: 307 (1978)Biota sp., 13 Sept. 1990].Literature: Picipes badius (Pers.) Zmitr. and Kovalenko, International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms (Redding) 18(1): 35 (2016)Polyporus badius (Pers.) Schwein\u2261 Polyporus badius, (19): on stump of woody plant, 13 Jul. 1989).Literature: Picipes melanopus (Pers.) Zmitr. and Kovalenko, International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms (Redding) 18(1): 36 (2016)Polyporus melanopus (Pers.) Fr.\u2261 Polyporus melanopus (Pers.) Fr., (21): on Prunus sp., 2 Sept. 1990).Literature: Podofomes trogii (Fr.) Pouzar, \u010cesk\u00e1 Mykol. 25(1): 19 (1971)Ischnoderma trogii (Fr.) Teixeira\u2261 Ischnoderma trogii, (49): on Abies alba Mill., Oct. 1982).Literature: Polyporus lipsiensis (Batsch) E.H.L. Krause, Basidiomycetum Rostochiensium: 54 (1928)Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch) G.F. Atk.\u2261 Ganoderma lipsiense, (6): on dried stem of angiosperm wood, Sept. 2002).Literature: Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P. Karst., Revue mycol., Toulouse 3 (no. 9): 18 (1881)Salix sp., 13 Jun. 1990].Literature: Pyrofomes demidoffii (L\u00e9v.) Kotl. and Pouzar, Reprium nov. Spec. Regni veg. 69: 140 (1964)Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica, 29 Apr. 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126251.Specimen examined: (45): on living trunk of Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica and Juniperus sp.]; Pinus sp., 21 Jul. 1987; (45): on living Juniper trunk, 21 Jul. 1987; (8): on Pinus sp., 4 Jul. 1987; (7): on Picea sp., 25 Aug. 1989; (9): on Pinus sp., 14 Oct. 1987; (21): on Pinus sp., 14 Jul. 1987; (19): on Picea sp., 27 Jul. 1988].Literature: Note: This species causes severe infections of living Juniperus trees in the study area.Szczepkamyces campestris (Qu\u00e9l.) Zmitr., Folia Cryptogamica Petropolitana (Sankt-Peterburg) 6: 52 (2018)Quercus sp., 11 Mar. 1985; (3): on Pyrus sp., 6 Jul. 1988; (19): on stem and branch of Aesculus sp., 15 May 1986; (7): on dried trunk of Populus sp., 21 Aug. 1989].Literature: Skeletocutis amorpha (Fr.) Kotl. and Pouzar, \u010cesk\u00e1 Mykol. 12(2): 103 (1958)Picea sp., 15 Aug. 1987; (19): on Picea sp., 19 Aug. 1987; (19): on dried stem of Abies alba; (8): on trunk of Pinus sp., 8 Jul. 1988; (7): on Abies alba, 6 Aug. 1989; (21): on Pinus sp., 21 Aug. 1988].Literature: Skeletocutis nivea (Jungh.) Jean Keller, Persoonia 10(3): 353 (1979)Incrustoporia nivea (Jungh.) Ryvarden\u2261 Skeletocutis nivea), Incrustoporia nivea, (49): on wet branches of Salix sp., 10 Jun. 1988; (45): on stem of Fraxinus sp., 24 Jun. 1989).Literature: Tinctoporellus epimiltinus (Berk. and Broome) Ryvarden, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 73(1): 18 (1979)#Populus sp., 19 May 1990, K. Kalamees, M. Vaasma, TAAM144614.Specimen examined: (47): on decayed branches of Note: In TAAM, this specimen was incorrectly labeled as Phellinus sp.Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. : 492 (1838) [1836\u20131838]Populus sp., P. tremula, Salix sp., Betula sp., Ulmus sp.].Literature: Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd, Mycol. Writ. 7(Letter 73): 1319 (1924)\u2022Prunus vulgaris, 3 Oct. 2011, YG312; (38): on dried unknown woody trunk, 1 Jun. 2011, YG073; (38): on unknown dried wood, 1 Jun. 2011, YG032; (38): on fallen trunk of angiosperm wood, 1 Jun. 2011, YG042; (38): on unknown decaying wood, 1 Jun. 2011, YG055; (40): on decaying Juglans regia log, 26 May 2011, YG002; (40): on trunk and branch of Juglans regia, 26 May 2011, YG037; (40): on Prunus armeniaca, 2 Nov. 2011, YG004; (40): on Prunus vulgaris, 2 Nov. 2011, YG007; (39): on living Prunus tree, 2 Nov. 2011, YG314; (37): on decaying, unidentified angiosperm stem, 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS128; (37): on dead Prunus sp., 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS138; (37): on dried stem of Juglans regia, 20 Jun. 2014, YG/PS168; (15): on died angiosperm strum, 9 Jul. 2017, RM44; (41): on stem of angiosperm tree, 14 Jul. 2014, YG/Ch40; (33): on fallen trunk of Juglans regia, 23 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104394 in TAAM reported as Antrodia sp.Specimens examined: (28): on dried stem of living Prunus mahaleb]; Quercus tree]; Quercus]; Quercus sp.; (21): on dried trunk of Quercus tree; (1): on various deciduous woody plant]; Coriolus hirsutus (Wulfen) Pat., (14): on fallen decaying branch of Platanus orientalis L. Jun. 2002; (14): on Pinus brutia var. eldarica (Medw.) Silba, May-Jun. 2002; 3: on dried trunk of Prunus mahaleb, Oct. 2003, ibit., (3): on dried on Prunus mahaleb, Nov. 2003).Literature: Note: This is one of the most common and widespread species in Uzbekistan. This species is mostly found on Prunus, Platanus, Pinus, Quercus, and Juglans species in the study area.Trametes ochracea (Pers.) Gilb. and Ryvarden, N. Amer. Polyp., Vol. 2 Megasporoporia - Wrightoporia (Oslo): 752 (1987)Trametes zonatella Ryvarden= Prunus sp., 17 May 1990, K.Kalamees, M. Vaasma, TAAM144571.Specimen examined: (47): on fallen stems of Trametes zonatella, (49): on fallen branch of woody plants, Apr. 1985, May 1985); Trametes ochracea), Trametes zonatella, (1): on died trunks and stumps of deciduous woody plants); Coriolus zonatus (Nees) Qu\u00e9l., (2): on stump of woody plants, May, 2000, Jul. 2005).Literature: Trametes pubescens (Schumach.) Pil\u00e1t, in Kavina and Pil\u00e1t, Atlas Champ. l\u2019Europe, III, Polyporaceae (Praha) 1: 268 (1939)Literature: Trametes suaveolens (L.) Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. : 491 (1838) [1836\u20131838]Salix sp., 5 Sept. 1987; (45): on Salix sp., 16 Apr. 1987; (8): on Populus tremula, 11 May 1988; (19): on Populus tremula, 9 Jul. 1988; (21): on Populus tremula, 21 Sept. 1988].Literature: Trametes tephroleuca Berk. Hooker\u2019s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 165 (1854)Juglans regia, 23 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104394a, ibit. TAAM104399; (33): on fallen trunk of Juglans regia, 23 Apr. 1982, K. Kalamees, TAAM104305; (41): on a trunk of Juglans regia, 22 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104270a; (33): on a trunk of Lonicera sp., 22 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104283; (45): on dry twig of Prunus sp., 29 Apr. 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126249; (45): on dead trunk of Prunus mahaleb, 2 May 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127624; (45): on fallen twig of Prunus mahaleb, 3 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126285; (45): on a dry trunk of Crataegus sp., 29 Apr. 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127579; (41): on dry branch of Crataegus pseudoheterophylla subsp. turkestanica, 22 Aprel 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127382.Specimens examined: (33): on fallen trunk of Malus sieversii, 17 Apr. 1986]; Coriolus tephroleucus (Fr.) Bonk., (14): on Prunus vulgaris and Juglans regia, May 1999).Literature: Trametes trogii Berk., in Trog, Mittheil. d. schweiz. Naturf. Ges. in Bern 2: 52 (1850)\u2022Funalia trogii (Berk.) Bondartsev and Singer\u2261 Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, 9 Sept. 2016, YG1017; (49): on dried decaying trunk of Populus alba, 17 Sept. 2014, YG-N6, ibit. on trunk of Populus alba, 17 Sept. 2014, YG-N7; (31): on unidentified wood, 17 Sept. 2009, O. Kurina, TAAM189940 ; (37): on dried on Salix sp. trunk, 14 Sept. 2014, YG/PS2X; (20): on Populus sp., 14 Sept. 2014, YG-JX4; (20): on unknown stump of angiosperm, 13 Jun. 2013, YG-G17, ibit. 13 Jun. 2013, YG-G18, ibit. 13 Jun. 2013, YG-G19; (20): on Populus nigra L., 16 Jun. 2013, YG-J4; (20): on dried stem of living Populus nigra, 15 Jun. 2013, YG-J6; (20): on Populus sp., 16 Jun. 2013, YG-GX1; (8): on unknown woody branches, 13 Jun. 2016, YG-G14, ibit., 13 Jun. 2016, YG1090.Specimens examined: (28): on fallen deciduous branch, 2 Sept. 2013, YG/bot23b; 11 Sept. 2014; (38): on Funalia trogii, (30): on Populus sp.; (49): on unknown wood plant); Salix sp. 12 Sept. 1990; (1): mainly on dead stump and trunk of woody plants: on Salix sp., 27 Oct. 1992; (1): on stump and trunk of Fraxinus sp., 12 Sept. 1991; on fallen of Populus tremula, 15 Nov. 1992].Literature: Note: First report of this species on stumps and trunks of Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, and Populus nigra in Uzbekistan.Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd, Mycol. Notes (Cincinnati) 65: 1045 (1921) [1920]\u2022Coriolus versicolor (L.) Qu\u00e9l.\u2261 Betula sp., 5 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126293; (28): on Betula trunk, 5 May 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127635; (37): on dried stem of angiosperm wood, 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS128-1; (37): on dried stem of angiosperm wood, 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS170; (45): on trunk of Prunus sp., 22 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127389; (49): on a fallen deciduous trunk, 22 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127388; (35): on Crataegus pseudoheterophylla subsp. turkestanica (Pojark.) K.I.Chr., 31 Aug. 1963, A. Raitviir, TAAM043489; (50): on trunk of Lonicera sp., 24 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127403; (45): on dry trunk of Celtis australis subsp. caucasica, 3 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126287, (45): on dry twig of Prunus mahaleb, 2 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126284; (47): on fallen Prunus branch, 17 May 1990, K. Kalamees, M. Vaasma, TAAM144572; (47): 4 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126294; (20): on Prunus sp., 14 Jun. 2013, YG-J3.Specimens examined: (28): on trunk of Prunus mahaleb, Malus sp., Quercus sp., Juglans regia, Populus sp.]; Coriolus versicolor, (12): on dried and living stem of Prunus vulgaris, May 2003, Jun. 2004).Literature: Note: This species was recorded for the first time in Uzbekistan, on Betula sp., Celtis australis subsp. caucasica, Crataegus pseudoheterophylla subsp. turkestanica, and Lonicera sp. in Uzbekistan.\u2217\u2022Trametes villosa (Sw.) Kreisel, Monografias, Ciencias, Univ. Habana, Ser. 4 16: 83 (1971)Specimen examined: (29): on dried stem of angiosperm, 15 Jun. 2015, YG/AG11.Trametopsis cervina (Schwein.) Tom\u0161ovsk\u00fd, Czech Mycol. 60(1): 7 (2008)Trametes cervina (Schwein.) Bres.\u2261 Trametes cervina, (19): on fallen branch of Juglans regia, 14 May 1987; (7): on Juglans regia, 5 Jul. 1987; (45): on dried stem of Morus alba, 15 May 1988; (21): on stem of Juglans regia, 5 Jul. 1987; (3): on Malus domestica, 27 Mar. 1988; (26): Morus alba trunk, 15 May 1988; (26): on dried Morus nigra, 4 Aug. 1988; (9): on rotten trunk of Morus alba, 6 Aug. 1989).Literature: Note: We could not observe the species in the localities mentioned in Tyromyces lacteus (Fr.) Murr, N. Amer. Fl. (New York) 9(1): 36 (1907)Betula pendula Roth].Literature: SPARASSIDACEAE HerterSparassis crispa (Wulfen) Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 1: 465 (1821)Literature: GANODERMATACEAE DonkGanoderma adspersum (Schulzer) Donk, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., Ser. C, Biol. Med. Sci. 72(3): 273 (1969)\u2022Acer saccharum Marshall, 7 Jun. 2014, YG/bot24; (49): on strum of Acer sp., 12 Sept. 2011, YG/UG3; (49): on trunk of Acer sp., 12 Sept. 2014, YG/Gan1.Specimens examined: (28): on died stump of Acer saccharum, 14 Oct. 2011].Literature: Note: We found this species on decaying Acer saccharum, and this is the first report for Ganoderma adspersum on Acer from Central Asia. We collected Ganoderma adspersum only in Northeastern Uzbekistan. Outside of the study area, this species is mainly found in subatlantic or submediterranean regions and usually on trees such as Tilia, Quercus, Fagus, Platanus, and Aesculus.;Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., Hym\u00e9nomyc. Eur. (Paris): 143 (1887)Juglans regia, 18 Aug. 2016, YG-B06.Specimen examined: (23): on Juglans regia]; Populus sp.]; Populus sp., 16 Jul. 1986]; Literature: Note: This species is widespread in the study area and causes root rot disease of walnut trees.Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., Revue mycol., Toulouse 3(no. 9): 17 (1881)Quercus sp., 14 Aug. 1987; (19): on Quercus sp., 29 Jul. 1988; (19): on Ulmus sp., 2 Aug. 1988; (8): on stump of deciduous wood, 14 Aug. 1988; (6): on various deciduous woody plants, 9 Aug. 1989]; Literature: Ganoderma resinaceum Boud., in Patouillard, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 5: 72 (1889)#\u2022Salix sp., 7 Sept. 2016, YG-X4.Specimen examined: (8): on living stem of MERIPILACEAE J\u00fclichGrifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 643 (1821)Polyporus frondosus (Dicks.) Fr.\u2261 Polyporus frondosus, (3): on living Juglans regia, Jun. 2002, Jul. 2003).Literature: FAMILY PLACEMENT UNCERTAIN (INCERTAE SEDIS)\u2217\u2022Phlebiella christiansenii (Parmasto) K.H. Larss. and Hjortstam, in Hjortstam and Larsson, Mycotaxon 29: 316 (1987)Gleditsia triacanthos L., 2 Sept. 2013, YG-G22; (28): on stem of fallen angiosperm tree, 2 Sept. 2013, YG-G26; (28): on dried stump of deciduous tree, 3 Sept. 2013, YG-G36; (38): on stump of Juglans regia, 3 Sept. 2013, YG-G040.Specimens examined: (28): on fallen woody plant branch, 2 Sept. 2013, YG-G4; (28): on HYMENOCHAETALES Oberw.HYMENOCHAETACEAE Imazeki and TokiFomitiporia hippophaeicola (H. Jahn) Fiasson and Niemel\u00e4, Karstenia 24(1): 25 (1984)Phellinus hippophaeicola H. Jahn\u2261 Phellinus hippophaeicola, (49): on Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson, 26 Apr. 1989; (45): on Elaeagnus rhamnoides, 3 Sept. 1989; (21): on Elaeagnus rhamnoides, 3 Oct. 1989).Literature: Fomitiporia punctata (P. Karst.) Murrill, Lloydia 10: 254 (1947)Phellinus punctatus (P. Karst.) Pil\u00e1t\u2261 Phellinus punctatus, (49): on Ulmus sp., 12 May 1988; (45): on Crataegus sp., 7 Aug. 1989; (45): on Populus sp., 21 Mar. 1987; (9): on Populus sp., 16 Apr. 1987; (21): on Populus sp., 9 Jul. 1987; (8): on Ulmus sp., 14 Aug. 1987; (8): on Betula sp., 21 Jul. 1989; (7): on Ulmus sp., 14 Aug. 1987; (19): on Crataegus azarolus var. pontica (K.Koch) K.I.Chr., 17 Apr. 1988).Literature: Fomitiporia robusta (P. Karst.) Fiasson and Niemel\u00e4, Karstenia 24(1): 25 (1984)Phellinus robustus (P. Karst.) Bourdot and Galzin\u2261 Phellinus robustus, (49): on strums of Spiraea sp.); Phellinus robustus, (45): on stump of Pistacia sp., 7 Apr. 198; (20): on Castanea sp., 4 Mar. 1988; (19): on Quercus sp., 14 Mar. 1987; (21): on stem of Quercus sp., 24 Apr. 1987; (49): on Populus sp., 19 Aug. 1988; (8): on Castanea sp., 19 May 1987; (7): on Juglans regia, 30 Apr. 1988); Phellinus robustus, (16): on stem of \u00ccorus alba, Apr. 2001).Literature: Fulvifomes rimosus (Berk.) Fiasson and Niemel\u00e4, Karstenia 24(1): 26 (1984)Phellinus rimosus (Berk.) Pil\u00e1t\u2261 Phellinus rimosus, (49): on trunk of Pistacia vera, 1963); Phellinus rimosus, (9): on Quercus trunk, 6 Jul. 1985; (21): on Quercus, 12 Jul. 1985; (19): on Quercus sp., 30 Jul. 1985; (45): on dried trunk of Salix sp., 25 Apr. 1986; (7): on Salix sp., 6 Jul. 1987; (8): on Populus sp., 19 Aug. 1989; (19): on Populus sp., 10 Apr. 1989).Literature: Fuscoporia contigua (Pers.) G. Cunn., Bull. N.Z. Dept. Sci. Industr. Res., Pl. Dis. Div. 73: 4 (1948)Phellinus contiguus (Pers.) Pat.\u2261 Phellinus contiguus, (21): on stem of Elaeagnus rhamnoides, 19 Sept. 1986; (45): on fallen Acacia trunk, 27 Aug. 1987, 6 Sept. 1987; (19): on stem of Alnus sp., 23 Sept. 1987; (7): on Alnus sp., 16 Aug. 1988; (8): on dried stem of Ulmus sp., 19 Sept. 1988; (9): on Ulmus sp., 30 Aug. 1989).Literature: Fuscoporia torulosa (Pers.) T. Wagner and M. Fisch., Mycol. Res. 105(7): 780 (2001)Phellinus torulosus (Pers.) Bourdot and Galzin\u2261 Phellinus torulosus (Pers.) Bourdot and Galzin, (28): on living and died stems of Quercus sp., Jun.1986, Sept. 1987); Phellinus torulosus, (3): on Betula tianschanica Rupr., on Salix babylonica L., on Pyrus communis L., on Morus nigra L., Sept.\u2013Oct. 1999\u20132003).Literature: Inocutis tamaricis (Pat.) Fiasson and Niemel\u00e4, Karstenia 24(1): 25 (1984)Inonotus tamaricis (Pat.) Maire\u2261 Inonotus tamaricis, (10): on living stem of Tamarix hispida Willd.); Inonotus tamaricis, (9): on Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb., 27 Aug. 1989; (9): on Tamarix sp., 24 Sept. 1986; (26): on Tamarix sp., 6 May 1987; (21): on stem of living Tamarix hispida, 31 Sept. 1987; (10): on dried stem of Tamarix hispida, 18 Mar. 1988).Literature: Inonotus andersonii (Ellis and Everh.) \u010cern\u00fd, \u010cesk\u00e1 Mykol. 17(1): 1 (1963)Quercus sp., 14 Aug. 1988, 2 Sept. 1989; (19): on stump of Quercus sp., 16 Sept. 1988].Literature: Inonotus cuticularis (Bull.) P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 5: 39 (1879)Juglans regia, 10 Jul. 1990].Literature: Inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 5: 39 (1879)\u2022Juglans regia, 26 May 2011, YG054; (38): on Juglans regia, 6 Jun. 2011, YG035; (38): on stem of Juglans regia, 11 Jun. 2014, YG/UG1; (37): on living Pinus sp., 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS156; (37): on trunk of living Pinus sp., 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS157; (37): on Malus sieversii, 14 Sept. 2014, YG/PS148; (39): on living Juglans regia, 9 Sept. 2016, YG1015; (22): on Juglans regia, 11 Aug. 2015, YG-B07; (28): on dried trunk angiosperm wood, 27 Sept. 2014, YG/bot1; (29): on living Morus alba stem, 17 Sept. 2015, YG/AG1; (23): on living stem of Juglans regia, 15 May 2016, YG-B08; (41): on a wood of Juglans regia, 22 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM207844; (17): on a wood of Morus alba, 8 May 1976, K. Kalamees, TAAM080947.Specimens examined: (40): on stem of living Malus domestica Borkh., M. sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem., Morus alba, Juglans regia, Prunus avium (L.) L.].Literature: Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pil\u00e1t, Atlas Champ. l\u2019Europe, III, Polyporaceae (Praha) 1: 572 (1942)Specimens examined: (28): unknown angiosperm fallen trunk, 14 Oct. 2011, YG001.Betula sp., 28 Aug. 1987; (19): on stump of Fraxinus sp., 21 May 1986; (7): on Alnus sp., 9 Jul. 1986; (8): on dried fallen trunk of Salix sp., 13 Jun. 1987; (9): on Salix sp., 20 Apr. 1988; (3): on Salix sp., 29 Jun. 1989].Literature: Inonotus pseudohispidus Kravtzev, Bull. Acad. Sci. Kazakh SSR 98: 128 (1950)Populus pruinosa Schrenk, Populus euphratica Oliv.); Populus sp., 18 Jul. 1988; (9): trunk of Populus sp., 9 Aug. 1988; (21): on Populus alba, 20 Jul. 1989; (26): on Populus sp., 26 Aug. 1989].Literature: Mensularia radiata (Sowerby) L\u00e1zaro Ibiza, Revta R. Acad. Cienc. exact. fis. nat. Madr. 14(11): 736 (1916)Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby) P. Karst.\u2261 Inonotus radiatus, (6): on dried branch of Alnus tree, 3 Jul. 1986; (7): on stump of angiosperm woody plants, 19 May 1987; (8): on dried trunk and braches of Ulmus sp., 17 Jun. 1989; (45): on died trunk of Quercus sp., 7 Jul. 1987; (19): on Quercus sp., 17 Jun. 1987; (21): on Ulmus sp., 20 Aug. 1989).Literature: Phellinidium ferrugineofuscum (P. Karst.) Fiasson and Niemel\u00e4, Karstenia 24(1): 26 (1984)Phellinus ferrugineofuscus (P. Karst.) Bourdot and Galzin\u2261 Phellinus ferrugineofuscus, (45): on wood of Pinus sp., 15 Sept. 1988; (8): on Pinus sp., 24 Oct. 1988); (20): on stump of Picea sp., 6 Nov. 1987; (19): on Picea sp., 28 Oct. 1987).Literature: Phellinopsis conchata (Pers.) Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity 45: 309 (2010)Phellinus conchatus (Pers.) Qu\u00e9l.\u2261 Phellinus conchatus, (45): on dried stump Syringa sp., 10 Sept. 1988; (7): on Populus sp., 5 Oct. 1988; (6): on Alnus sp., 29 Aug. 1989; (21): on Ulmus sp., 13 Nov. 1988; (26): on dried stem of Populus sp., 21 Oct. 1988; (19): on Alnus sp., 8 Sept. 1989; (21): on Ulmus sp., 13 Oct. 1988).Literature: \u2217\u2022Phellinus betulinus (Murrill) Parmasto, Folia cryptog. Estonica 43: 41 (2007)Betula tianschanica, 24 Apr. 1982, E.Parmasto, TAAM104436; (50): on a dead branch of Betula tianschanica, 24 Apr. 1982, E.Parmasto, TAAM104285.Specimens examined: (50): on a trunk of Phellinus igniarius (L.) Qu\u00e9l., Enchir. fungi. (Paris): 177 (1886)Salix sp., 24 Apr. 1982, A.Kollom, TAAM127406.Specimen examined: (50): on a trunk of Juglans regia, 1 Jun. 1980, Sept. 1984]; Prunus vulgaris, 10 Sept. 1988; (21): on trunk of Prunus sp., 9 Aug. 1988; (9): on trunk of Acer sp., 12 Apr. 1987; (14): on Acer sp., 19 Aug. 1987; (8): on Salix sp., 6 Apr. 1988; (7): on Salix sp., 16 Jul. 1989; (19): on dried trunk of Salix sp., 24 Jul. 1988]; Juglans regia, Apr.-May 2000].Literature: Note: This species causes white rot of broad-leaved trees from many genera and is most common on Alnus, Betula, and Corylus spp.  and Salix spp. , also fairly common on Acer (Sapindaceae) and Malus, Prunus, and Sorbus spp. , more rarely on Aesculus, Amelanchier, Carpinus, Carya, Castanea, Cratageus, Fraxinus, Hippophae, Hydrangea, Juglans, Laburnum, Morus, Populus, Pterocarya, Robinia, Pyrus, Syringa, Tilia, and Ulmus. Since this species is defined both in a wide and in a narrow sense, the lists of hosts should be interpreted with care.Phellinus pomaceus (Pers.) Maire, Mus. barcin. Scient. nat. Op., Ser. Bot. 15: 37 (1933)\u2022Phellinus tuberculosus Niemel\u00e4= Prunus sp., 26 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104413; (35): on Prunus cerasifera Ehrh., 31 Aug. 1963, A. Raitviir, TAAM043492; (33): on a fallen trunk of Prunus sp., 23 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127401; (41): on the base living fruit trees, 26 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104434; (50): on a trunk of Prunus mahaleb, 24 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127411; (50): on a dry trunk of Prunus erythrocarpa (Nevski) Gilli, 24 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM203618; (50): on a trunk of Salix sp., 24 Sept. 2014, YG/S1; (38): on Prunus cerasifera, 1 Jun. 2011, YG052; (38): on Prunus sp., 11 Sept. 2011, YG51-ph; (38): on dried Prunus tree, 12 Sept. 2014, YG/Ug01; (38): on living Prunus sp., 12 Sept. 2014, YG/Ug02; (39): on dried stem of Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb, 2 Nov. 2011, YG009; (39): on living stem of Cerasus tianshanica Pojark., 2 Nov. 2011, YG028, ibit on living stem of Cerasus tianshanica Pojark., 20 Sept. 2014, YG/PS3X; (39): on Prunus cerasifera, 2 Nov. 2011, YG337; (39): on living trunk of Prunus cerasifera, 2 Nov. 2011, YG338; (32): on Prunus mahaleb, 15 May 2011, YG28; (32): on dried trunk of Prunus sp., 13 Sept. 2014, YG/bil164; (37): on Prunus sp., 19 Sept. 2014, YG/PS82; (45): on a dry trunk of Crataegus altaica Ledeb., 2 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126247; (48): on Lonicera sp., Sept. 1982, N.I. Gaponenko, TASM582; (8): on dried stem of Prunus sp., 9 Sept. 2016, YG1102; (45): on dry branch of Juglans regia, 29 Apr. 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126253; (45): on dry trunk of Celtis australis subsp. caucasica, 1 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126269. In TAAM two specimens reported as Phellinus sp.Specimens examined: (33): on a living trunk of Phellinus tuberculosus, (49): on trunks of Rosaceae family trees); Phellinus tuberculosis, (49): on Prunus spp., 10 May 1987; (45): on Malus domestica, 13 May 1987; (8): on Malus sp., 16 May 1989; (19): on Prunus sp., 26 May 1987); Phellinus pomaceus, (2): on Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Apr. 2004); Phellinus tuberculosis, (15): on living stem of Cydonia oblonga Mill., May 2003; (2): on trunk of living Prunus domestica L. and on Malus domestica, May\u2013Aug. 2002).Literature: Note: First report of this species is on Celtis australis subsp. caucasica and Lonicera sp. from Uzbekistan. Usually it is largely confined to trees belonging to the Rosaceae, chiefly on Prunus and rarely on Malus, Pyrus, and Cydonia, and causes white rot of the heartwood of living fruit trees. This species is widespread in the northern hemisphere and probably occurs wherever native species of Prunus from the stone fruit group and where peaches, cherries, and plums are cultivated as fruit trees. This species is also reported on Acer, Alnus, Carpinus, Ceratonia, Cornus, Corylus, Crataegus, Fagus, Ficus, Juglans, Malus, Olea, Pyrus, Salix, and Ulmus.Phellinus tremulae (Bondartsev) Bondartsev and P.N. Borisov, Trut. Grib Evrop. Chasti SSSR Kavkaza [Bracket Fungi Europ. U.S.S.R. Caucasus] (Moscow-Leningrad): 358 (1953)Populus tremula, 20 Jul. 1985; (19): on Populus tremula, 16 Aug. 1985; (21): on Populus tremula, 10 Aug. 1986; (7): on Populus sp., 25 Aug. 1986; (26): on dried fallen of Populus tremula, 19 Aug. 1987; (6): on living of Populus sp., 8 Aug. 1988]; Populus sp., 20 Jul. 1985].Literature: Phylloporia ampelina (Bondartsev and Singer) Bondartseva, Mikol. Fitopatol. 17(4): 279 (1983)Phellinus ampelinus Bondartsev and Singer\u2261 Phellinus ampelinus, (49): on dead and live trunk of Vitis vinifera L.).Literature: \u2217Phylloporia ephedrae (Woron.) Parmasto, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Pl. Sci. 94(2\u20133): 377 (1985)Ephedra equisetina Bunge, 1 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126265; (45): on Ephedra equisetina, 2 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126279; (45): on stem of Ephedra equisetina, 1 May 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127593.Specimens examined: (45): on stem of living Phylloporia yuchengii Gafforov, Tom\u0161ovsk\u00fd, Langer and L.W. Zhou, Cryptog. Mycol. 35(4): 318 (2015) [2014]Juglans regia, 1 Jun. 2011, YG043; (40): on Prunus sp., 11 Sept. 2011, YG343; (45): on a trunk of Juglans regia, 29 Apr. 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126260, in TAAM as Phellinus sp.; (7): on trunk of Crataegus pseudoheterophylla subsp. turkestanica, 11 Sept. 2015, YG1093; (39): on Crataegus sp., 9 Oct. 2016, YG1011; (8): on fallen unknown woody branches, 9 Sept. 2016, YG1101; (20): on trunk of Populus sp., 12 Jun. 2013, YG-J5; (20): on Morus alba, 13 Jun. 2013, YG-J10; (20): on Morus alba, 13 Jun. 2013, YG-J11.Specimens examined: (38): on trunk of Literature: Note: This species was first described from northeastern Uzbekistan in 2014. Later, we collected this species in central and south Uzbekistan. It seems that this species is widespread in the study area. This species grows on Crataegus, Juglans, Morus, Populus, and Prunus, which represent four plant families.Porodaedalea pini (Brot.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey bot. Club 32(7): 367 (1905)Phellinus pini (Brot.) Pil\u00e1t\u2261 Phellinus pini, (1): on trunks and stumps of conifer tees); Phellinus pini, (28): on live trunk of Pinus pallasiana D. Don, Oct. 1984); Phellinus pini, (13): on dried stem of angiosperm, May 2003).Literature: Sanghuangporus lonicerinus (Bondartsev) Sheng H. Wu, L.W. Zhou and Y.C. Dai, in Zhou, Vlas\u00e1k, Decock, Assefa, Stenlid, Abate, Wu and Dai, Fungal Diversity 77: 340 (2015)\u2022Phellinus lonicerinus (Bondartsev) Bondartsev and Singer\u2261 Lonicera sp., 8 Nov. 2016, YG1095; (36): on Lonicera sp., 8 Nov. 2016, YG1096; (32): on stem of living Lonicera nummulariifolia Jaub. and Spach, 15 May 2011, YG018; (41): on the base of a living trunk of Lonicera sp., 22 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM203688; (36): on a trunk of Lonicera sp., 25 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104407; (36): on the base of a living trunk of Lonicera sp., 25 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104439; (50): on at the base of Lonicera sp., 24 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM0104264; (50): on a dry trunk of Lonicera sp., 24 Apr. 1982, A. Kollom, TAAM127410; (39): on Lonicera sp., 9 Oct. 2016, YG1012; (50): on Lonicera nummulariifolia, 9 Oct. 2016, YG1013; (38): on Lonicera sp., 9 Sept. 2016, YG1016; (37): 19 Jun. 2014, on living stem of Lonicera sp., YG/PS92; (37): 20 Jun. 2014, dried stem of Lonicera sp., YG/PS129; (37): on Acer sp., 20 Jun. 2014; (30): on living stem of Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, 5 May 2014, YG/Un1; (46): on a dry trunk of deciduous trunk, 29 Apr. 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127578; (7): on Lonicera sp., 11 Sept. 2016, YG1094; (8): on Lonicera sp., 26 May 2018, YG1097; (8): on living stem of Lonicera microphylla Willd. ex Schult., 26 May 2018, YG1112.Specimens examined: (49): on dried stem of Phellinus lonicerinus, (1): on Lonicera spp.).Literature: Note: This species was thought to grow exclusively on Lonicera, but a new host Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii is recorded here from Uzbekistan.Tropicoporus linteus (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) L.W. Zhou and Y.C. Dai, in Zhou, Vlas\u00e1k, Decock, Assefa, Stenlid, Abate, Wu and Dai, Fungal Diversity 77: 344 (2015)Phellinus linteus (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) Teng\u2261 Rosa fedtschenkoana Regel, 21 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104272 (as Phellinus sp. in TAAM).Specimen examined: (42): on dry branch of Phellinus linteus, (49): on dead and living trunk and stem of angiosperm woody plants); Phellinus linteus, (49): on Salix sp., 16 Aug. 1985, (45): on living trunk of Lonicera sp., 9 Apr. 1985; (21): on Quercus sp., 12 Sept. 1986; (7): on Populus sp., 5 May 1987; (8): on Acer sp., 4 Sept. 1989; (19): on Ulmus sp., 27 Aug. 1987); Phellinus linteus, (3): on Salix wilhelmsiana, Apr. 2000, May 2003).Literature: NEOANTRODIELLACEAE Y.C. Dai, B.K. Cui, Jia J. Chen and H.S. YuanNeoantrodiella sp.\u00a4\u2022Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica, 22 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104307.Specimen examined: (33): on trunk of OXYPORACEAE Zmitr. and MalyshevaRigidoporus corticola (Fr.) Pouzar, Folia geobot. phytotax. bohemoslov. 1(4): 368 (1966)Oxyporus corticola (Fr.) Ryvarden\u2261 ibit., YG-P67; (49): on dried branch of angiosperm, 23 Sept. 2014, YG-P35.Specimens examined: (49): on fallen trunk, 22 Sept. 2014, YG-P55, Oxyporus corticola, (21): on stump of Quercus sp., 6 May, 1985; (21): on Fraxinus sp., 12 Aug. 1988; (45): on stem of Fraxinus sp., 6 May 1988; (20): on dried stem of living Salix alba, 29 Aug. 1989; (19): on dead trunk of Populus sp., 15 Apr. 1987; (9): on Populus sp., 30 Jul. 1987; (7): on Populus tremula, 19 Oct. 1987).Literature: Rigidoporus latemarginatus (Durieu and Mont.) Pouzar, Folia geobot. phytotax. bohemoslov. 1(4): 368 (1966)Oxyporus latemarginatus (Durieu and Mont.) Donk\u2261 Chaetoporus ambiguus (Bres.) Bondartsev and Singer= Oxyporus latemarginatus, (28): on stump of Pyrus sp., 16 Sept. 1990), Chaetoporus ambiguus, (27): on Elaeagnus rhamnoides, Jun. 1960).Literature: Rigidoporus populinus (Schumach.) Pouzar, Folia geobot. phytotax. bohemoslov. 1(4): 368 (1966)Oxyporus populinus (Schumach.) Donk\u2261 Oxyporus populinus, 49: on dead stem of Acer tataricum L.), Oxyporus populinus, (49): on fallen branch and stem Populus sp., May 1987; on Quercus sp., Jun. 1988); Oxyporus populinus, (1): on dried stem of living Sorbus sp.).Literature: \u2217Rigidoporus ginkgonis (Y.C. Dai) F. Wu, Jia J. Chen and Y.C. Dai, in Wu, Chen, Ji, Vlas\u00e1k and Dai, Mycologia 109(5): 761 (2017)\u2022ibid. on fallen trunk of deciduous woody plants, YG-G3; (28): on decaying branch of angiosperm, 3 Sept. 2013, YG-G35.Specimens examined: (28): on fallen trunk and stump of deciduous woody plants, 2 Sept. 2013, YG-G2, SCHIZOPORACEAE J\u00fclichHyphodontia alutaria (Burt) J. Erikss., Symb. bot. upsal. 16(no. 1): 104 (1958)Pterocarya pterocarpa Kunth ex I. Iljinsk, 2 Sept. 2013].Literature: Hyphodontia arguta (Fr.) J. Erikss., Symb. bot. upsal. 16(no. 1): 104 (1958)#Specimen examined: (49): on fallen tree, 21 Oct. 2015, YG-X66.Hyphodontia zhixiangii L.W. Zhou and Gafforov, Phytotaxa 299(2): 275 (2017)\u2022Specimens examined: (8): on unknown angiosperm branch, 9 Sept. 2016, YG1098; (49): on fallen angiosperm branches, 7 Oct. 2016, YG1104.Juniperus sp., 9 Sept. 2016].Literature: Lyomyces crustosus (Pers.) P. Karst., Revue mycol., Toulouse 3(no. 9): 23 (1881)Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, 3 Sept. 2013].Literature: Lyomyces erastii (Saaren. and Kotir.) Hjortstam and Ryvarden, Syn. Fung. (Oslo) 26: 43 (2009)\u2022Specimen examined: (15): on unknown shrub, 12 Jul. 2017, RM21.Literature: Lyomyces sambuci (Pers.) P. Karst., Bidr. K\u00e4nn. Finl. Nat. Folk 37: 153 (1882)Philadelphus sp., 20 Apr. 1982; (39): on a dead branch of angiosperm, 2 Sept. 2013].Literature: Xylodon paradoxus (Schrad.) Chevall., Fl. g\u00e9n. env. Paris (Paris) 1: 274 (1826)Schizopora paradoxa (Schrad.) Donk\u2261 Schizopora paradoxa, (49): on trunks of Quercus sp., 20 Aug. 1989; (45): on trunk of Quercus sp., 7 Oct. 1988; (8): on Quercus sp., 19 Nov. 1989).Literature: TAXA WITH UNCERTAIN POSITION AT THE FAMILY LEVEL (INCERTAE SEDIS)Sidera lenis (P. Karst.) Miettinen, in Miettinen and Larsson, Mycol. Progr. 10(2): 136 (2011)Diplomitoporus lenis (P. Karst.) Gilb. and Ryvarden\u2261 Antrodia lenis (P. Karst.) Ryvarden\u2261 Diplomitoporus lenis), Antrodia lenis, (45): on trunk of Pinus sp., 8 Jul. 1988; (8): on Pinus sp., 6 Jul. 1989; (19): on wet of trunk of Picea sp., 27 Aug. 1989; (19): on Picea sp., 14 Jul. 1987); Antrodia lenis, (49): on living Juniperus tree, 17 Jul. 1988).Literature: Trichaptum abietinum (Pers.) Ryvarden, Norw. Jl Bot. 19: 237 (1972)Pinus sp., 12 Mar. 1988; (7): on stump of Pinus sp., 15 Aug. 1988; (19): on Pinus sp., 9 Jul. 1989].Literature: Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden, Norw. Jl Bot. 19(3\u20134): 237 (1972)Hirschioporus pergamenus (Fr.) Bondartsev and Singer= Hirschioporus pergamenus, (49): on dried woody plants); Populus sp., 18 Jul. 1988; (26): on Salix sp., 18 Jul. 1988; 9: on dead trunk of Populus sp., 7 Sept. 1987; (21): on Salix sp., 15 Sept. 1987].Literature: Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum (Ehrenb.) Ryvarden, Norw. Jl Bot. 19: 237 (1972)Abies sibirica Ledeb., 29 Aug. 1958, E. Parmasto, TAAM009360.Specimen examined: (49): on a fallen trunk of Pinus sp., 17 Aug. 1990].Literature: Note: This species is reported for the first time on Abies sibirica from Uzbekistan.RUSSULALES Kreisel ex P.M.Kirk, P.F.Cannon and J.C.DavidBONDARZEWIACEAE Kotl. and PouzarHeterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref., Unters. Gesammtgeb. Mykol. (Liepzig) (8): 154 (1888)Picea sp., 10 Sept. 1988, 30 Jul. 1989; (45): on root of Biota sp., 15 Nov. 1987; (19): on stump of Pinus sp., 6 Sept. 1988; (7): on Picea sp., 10 Sept. 1988].Literature: LACHNOCLADIACEAE D.A. ReidVararia parmastoi Boidin and Lanq., Persoonia 12(3): 257 (1984)#Juniperus semiglobosa, 24 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104302 (Paratype); (50): on dead roots of Juniperus semiglobosa, 24 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto TAAM104303 (Isotype); (50): on a fallen rotten trunk of Juniperus semiglobosa, 24 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104294; (36): on trunk of Juniperus semiglobosa, 25 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104440.Specimens examined: (50): on decayed trunk of PENIOPHORACEAE Lotsy\u2217Peniophora cinerea (Pers.) Cooke, Grevillea 8(no. 45): 20 (1879)Juglans regia, 1 Jun. 2011, YG058.Specimens examined: (39): on fallen trunks of angiosperm woody plant, 2 Nov. 2011, YG039; (39): on stem and dried branch of \u2217Peniophora incarnata (Pers.) P. Karst., Hedwigia 28: 27 (1889)Specimen examined: (39): on fallen stem of deciduous wood, 16 Jun. 2014, YG/PS84.STEREACEAE Pil\u00e1t\u2217Stereum gausapatum (Fr.) Fr., Hymenomyc. eur. : 638 (1874)Picea schrenkiana Fisch. and C.A.Mey., 7 Sept. 2013, YG-Gxx.Specimen examined: (49): on trunk of Note: This species occurs on Quercus, Castanea, and Carpinus species in Europe, particularly in the Mediterranean area. Fruiting bodies develop on dead stems, rotten stumps, trunks, or more rarely on fallen branches and other debris of angiosperm woody plants. However, we found that species on the conifer tree, Picea schrenkiana from Western Tien Shan Mountains of Uzbekistan.Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers., Observ. mycol. (Lipsiae) 2: 90 (1800) [1799]Juglans regia, 26 May 2011, YG029; (46): on Crataegus sp., 13 May 1990, K. Kalamees and M. Vaasma, TAAM144492; (32): on Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, 15 May 2011, YG030; (32): on Acer sp., 15 May 2011, YG51; (32): on unknown decaying wood, 15 May 2011 YG056; (32): on Acer tataricum subsp. semenovii, 15 May 2011, YG057; (32): on unknown dried wood, 7 Jun. 2011 YG048; (39): on stem of living Salix iliensis Regel, 2 Nov. 2011, YG034; (38): on Juglans regia, 1 Jun. 2011, YG109; (38): on dried stem of Fraxinus excelsior L., 3 Sept. 2013, YG-G12; (38): on Quercus sp., 3 Sept. 2013, YG-G15; (38): on dried stem of Salix alba, 3 Sept. 2013, YG320; (37): on living stem of Juglans regia, 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS135; (37): on dried trunk of Juglans regia, 19 Jun. 2014, YG/PS176; (45): on a dry trunk of Celtis australis subsp. caucasica, 29 Apr. 1989, TAAM126246; (45): on Crataegus pseudoheterophylla subsp. turkestanica, 29 Apr. 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126255; (45): on trunk of Quercus sp., 29 Apr. 1988, A. Kollom, TAAM127585; (46): on trunk of Populus alba, 4 May 1988, I. Parmasto, TAAM126291 (as Coriolopsis sp.); (8): on fallen branch, 10 Sept. 2016, YG1099; (28): on dead fallen trunk of angiosperm, 3 Apr. 2013, YG3.04.13.Specimens examined: (33): on deciduous tree trunk, 23 Apr. 1982, E. Parmasto, TAAM104393; (43): on unknown woody branch, 8 Sept. 2016, YG1091; (43): on fallen trunk of angiosperm wood, 8 Sept. 2016, YG1092; (40): on dried stem of Populus sp.]; Quercus robur L.]; Salix interior, Apr. 2002; (3): on Juglans regia, May 2005].Literature: \u2217Stereum rugosum Pers., Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 110 (1794)Salix sp., 24 Apr. 1982, TAAM127402Specimen examined: (50): on a dead trunk of Note: This species is very common and widespread on moist various deciduous and coniferous forests dead trees in the northern hemisphere especially in Europe : 147 (1964)Specimen examined: (28): on dead trunk of angiosperm, 24 Sept. 2014, YG-P37.Note: This species is rare in the study area and generally reported in Betulaceae  and Salicaceae  plant species from Europe. It is easily distinguished when fresh by the distinct yellowish exudate when cut. It is similar to Stereum ostrea, which, however, has a tropical or subtropical distribution and is distinguished by its oyster-like fruitbody and more brownish color.THELEPHORALES Corner ex Oberw.BANKERACEAE DonkPhellodon fuligineoalbus (J.C. Schmidt) R.E. Baird, in Baird, Wallace, Baker and Scruggs, Fungal Diversity 62: 63 (2013)Bankera fuligineoalba (J.C. Schmidt) Coker and Beers.\u2261 Bankera fuligineoalba (49): on Salix caprea L., and on Betula pendula).Literature: Sarcodon imbricatus (L.) P. Karst., Revue mycol., Toulouse 3(no. 9): 20 (1881)Sarcodon squamosus (Schaeff.) Qu\u00e9l.= Sarcodon squamosus (49): on old stump of Populus tremula).Literature: THELEPHORACEAE Chevall.Pseudotomentella mucidula (P. Karst.) Svr\u0107ek, \u0106esk\u00e1 Mykol. 12(2): 68 (1958)#Pinus sibirica Du Tour, 29 Aug. 1958, TAAM009363.Specimen examined: (47): on fallen trunk of TRECHISPORALES K.H. Larss.HYDNODONTACEAE J\u00fclichFibuloporia desertorum (Kravtzev) Schwartzman, Flora Sporovykh Rastenii Kazakhstana [Cryptogamic Flora of Kazakhstan], 4, Auriculariales, Tremellales, Dacryomycetales, Exobasidiales, Aphyllophorales (Alma-Ata): 299 (1964)Dextrinosporium desertorum (Kravtzev) Bondartseva\u2261 Dextrinosporium desertorum, (10): on living Haloxylon persicum).Literature: AGARICOMYCETES DoweldORDER AND FAMILY UNCERTAIN (INCERTAE SEDIS)\u2217\u2022Peniophorella praetermissa (P. Karst.) K.H. Larss., Mycol. Res. 111(2): 192 (2007)Juglans regia, 3 Sept. 2013, YG-G16; (38): on fallen unknown angiosperm branches, 3 Sept. 2013, YG-G40; (28): on dried stump of deciduous tree, 3 Sept. 2013, YG-G37.Specimens examined: (38): on living stem of In this study, poroid and corticoid fungal species were found on 100 woody plant species belonging to 23 families and 42 genera. One hundred wood-inhabiting species  were recorded exclusively on deciduous wood, 33 species (21.6%) were found exclusively on coniferous wood, and 5 species were recorded as inhabiting both groups of woody plants . The hosPopulus , Quercus , Juglans, Pinus, and Salix , Betula , Picea , Prunus , Acer , Malus , Juniperus and Ulmus , Fraxinus ; other plant genera host one to nine fungal species (The highest number of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticoid species is reported in the following host genera:  species .Phellinus pomaceus (16 host species), Stereum hirsutum (14), Trametes versicolor (11), Lentinus tigrinus (10), Cerrena unicolor (9), Bjerkandera adusta, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes hirsuta, T. tephroleuca, and T. trogii (8 hosts each); Coriolopsis gallica, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitiporia robusta, Tropicoporus linteus, and Laetiporus sulphureus (7 each); Irpex lacteus, Phylloporia yuchengii, Inonotus hispidus, and Cerioporus squamosus (6 each); and Fuscoporia torulosa, Trametes gibbosa, Antrodia xanthan, Phellinus igniarus, Lenzites warnieri, and Rigidoporus corticola (5 each) , followed by Stereum hirsutum on 14 species of seven genera , and Trametes versicolor on 11 species of nine genera . Other wood-inhabiting species each colonized 1 to 10 plant species  . The oth species .f with 445 records in Western Tien Shan Mountains in Tashkent province, followed by subarea b with 142 records in Pamir-Alay Mountain in Samarkand, Qashqadaryo, and Surkhandaryo Provinces of Central and Southern Uzbekistan. Subareas c, e, and d have 58, 51, and 46 records, respectively, in Turkestan, Nurata, Kurama, and Fergana ranges in Pamir Alay and Western Tien Shan Mountains in Navoi, Jizzakh, and Fergana valley of Uzbekistan ; Stereum hirsutum (27); Trametes hirsuta (25); T. trogii (22); Lentinus tigrinus (21); Sanghuangporus lonicerinus and Trametes versicolor (20 each); Cerrena unicolor, Fomes fomentarius, and Inonotus hispidus (17 each); Bjerkandera adusta and Phellinus igniarius (14 each); Coriolopsis gallica, Fomitopsis betulina, and Trametes tephroleuca (13 each); Fuscoporia contigua (12); Phylloporia yuchengii and Tropicoporus linteus (each 11); Antrodia xantha, Cerioporus squamosus, Fomitiporia robusta, and Rigidoporus corticola (each 10); and Ceriporiopsis gilvescens (8).Polyporales is the most commonly collected fungal order with 451 records in urban and mountain areas of Uzbekistan. The next most abundant order is Hymenochaetales with 258 records mainly distributed in Tashkent Botanical Garden, Chatkal Biospheric, Nurata, Zarafshan, Surkhan, and Hissar State Reserves in North-eastren and southern Uzbekistan. The orders Russulales (42), Gleophyllales (13), and Agaricales (11) are distributed in coniferous and deciduous mixed forest trees in Ugam, Chatkal, Turkestan, Pskem, Nurata, and Hissar ranges in Pamiy-Alay and Westren Tien Shan Mountains. Other orders with fewer records include Atheliales (4), Thelephorales (4), Cantharellales (1), and Trechisporales (1). In addition, three records have uncertain taxonomic positions at the order level. The most frequently recorded species in Uzbekistan are In this study, we compiled for the first time the species diversity of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid fungi in Uzbekistan. Comprehensive information of these species is provided, including taxonomic diversity, substrate preference, and distribution of geographic and landscape position, on the basis of 790 fungal records collected from 1950 to 2020.A total of 153 wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid species, belonging to 10 orders, 26 families, and 97 genera, were confirmed to be present mainly based on literature references, morphological examinations, and also on phylogenetic analysis wherever possible. Of these 153 species, 19 are new for mycobiota to Central Asia and 31 are reported for the first time in Uzbekistan. In addition, four taxa that may be new to science were discovered and must be examined further. The fungal diversity reported here for Uzbekistan is much lower than that in other regions where the diversity of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticoid fungi is well explored. For example, 1210 wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid species, including ecologically similar hydnoid fungi, are recorded in China , 2012. ATrametes are considered to have potential biotechnological applications ; Phellinus igniarius was observed both as a parasite and saprophyte of deciduous trees from the genera Juglans, Salix, and Acer in Ugam-Chatkal Natural State Park and Zaamin and Hissar State Reserve. The forest diseases caused by these wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid fungi and the corresponding economic loss should be considered by relevant management departments.Although the resource recycling functions are generally considered beneficial to trees, forests, and humans, some of the wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid fungi studied inhabit living trees as forest pathogens. According to previous studies  and our Grifola frondosa, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Sarcodon imbricatus are important edible fungi. Cultivation of wood-inhabiting fungi is an important agricultural industry worldwide, especially in East Asia. Several medicinal and edible species, like Ganoderma spp. and Auricularia spp. in mainland China, Taiwanofungus in Taiwan, China, and Sanghuangporus spp. in South Korea, have huge economic value. In China, edible and medicinal fungi are the fifth largest crop industry  can be found in the article/supplementary material.YG and MY collected fungal specimens and performed DNA lab work. YG and AO were responsible for morphological identification and management of collection data. L-WZ and YG performed the molecular phylogenetic analyses. YZ mapped the fungal taxa. YG, AO, and L-WZ drafted the manuscript. EL, AG, DS, LP, and LC improved and revised it. All authors have read the final manuscript version and approved it. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest."}
{"text": "Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated celiac disease. J Immunother Cancer 2020;8:e000958. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000958Badran YR, Shih A, Leet D, Since the online publication of this article, the authors have noticed that the middle initial for author Yousef R Badran was missing. This has been corrected."}
{"text": "Article title: Synthesis of Some Silyl Mono- and Polystyrenes with New PropertiesAuthors: Assadi, M. G., & Hosseinzadeh, F.Journal: Designed Monomers and PolymersCitation details: Volume 13, Number 2, pages 181\u2013191DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/138577210X12634696333433Article title: Synthesis and Characterization of Some Quaternized Styrene Monomers and PolymersAuthors: Galehassadi, M., Herizchi, R., & Ranjbar, F.Journal: Designed Monomers and PolymersCitation details: Volume 14, Number 4, pages 303\u2013313DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/138577211X577178The university name for the authors\u2019 affiliation was misspelled in the above articles. The corrected affiliation for the authors is:Department of Chemistry, Azarbaijan University of Tarbiat Moallem, Tabriz, Iran"}
{"text": "Pterulaceae was formally proposed to group six coralloid and dimitic genera: Actiniceps (=Dimorphocystis), Allantula, Deflexula, Parapterulicium, Pterula, and Pterulicium. Recent molecular studies have shown that some of the characters currently used in Pterulaceae do not distinguish the genera. Actiniceps and Parapterulicium have been removed, and a few other resupinate genera were added to the family. However, none of these studies intended to investigate the relationship between Pterulaceae genera. In this study, we generated 278 sequences from both newly collected and fungarium samples. Phylogenetic analyses supported with morphological data allowed a reclassification of Pterulaceae where we propose the introduction of Myrmecopterula gen. nov. and Radulomycetaceae fam. nov., the reintroduction of Phaeopterula, the synonymisation of Deflexula in Pterulicium, and 53 new combinations. Pterula is rendered polyphyletic requiring a reclassification; thus, it is split into Pterula, Myrmecopterula gen. nov., Pterulicium and Phaeopterula. Deflexula is recovered as paraphyletic alongside several Pterula species and Pterulicium, and is sunk into the latter genus. Phaeopterula is reintroduced to accommodate species with darker basidiomes. The neotropical Myrmecopterula gen. nov. forms a distinct clade adjacent to Pterula, and most members of this clade are associated with active or inactive attine ant nests. The resupinate genera Coronicium and Merulicium are recovered in a strongly supported clade close to Pterulicium. The other resupinate genera previously included in Pterulaceae, and which form basidiomes lacking cystidia and with monomitic hyphal structure , are reclassified into Radulomycetaceae fam. nov. Allantula is still an enigmatic piece in this puzzle known only from the type specimen that requires molecular investigation. A key for the genera of Pterulaceae and Radulomycetaceae fam. nov. is also provided here. Pterulaceae begins with the hesitant proposal of the genus Pterula (hereinafter abbreviated as Pt.) in the early 19th century by Fries , Parapterulicium, Pterula and Pterulicium (hereinafter abbreviated as Pm.)  Corner , 1970 , including representatives of all genera currently accepted in Pterulaceae except Allantula. Despite several attempts for recollecting Allantula in its type locality, the monotypic genus is still only known from the type specimen collected by Corner . The samples were dried in a low-heat food dehydrator and deposited at Aberystwyth University (ABS), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00f4nia (INPA), Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Rio de Janeiro (RB), Royal Botanic Gardens - Kew (K), Universidade Federal do Oeste do Par\u00e1 (HSTM) and Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (FLOR). Morphological identification and taxonomy of al-Dutra  and Lealal-Dutra .DNA was extracted from dried basidiomes or freeze-dried cultures by first grinding with liquid nitrogen and then lysis in CTAB buffer , clean-up with chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (24:1), precipitation with isopropanol (0.6 vol.) and a final wash with 70% ethanol. Partial sequences of the nrITS, nrLSU and RPB2 were amplified by PCR using the primer pairs listed on Table\u00a0Chromatograms were manually checked and sequences assembled and edited using GENEIOUS 10.0.2 , more than one optimal hit was found; the subject sequences were compared for occurrence of indels and treated as virtual clones (VC). These sequences are included in the dataset , nrLSU (10) and RPB2 (13) were mined from 13 previously assembled and unpublished genomes using NCBI BLAST+ package v2.7.1  analysis was conducted with the sequences generated in this study alongside GenBank sequences to find the best outgroup for Stephanospora as outgroups, and was divided into five partitions for further analyses: ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, LSU and RPB2. Each partition was aligned separately with MAFFT v7.311 . The convergence of the runs was assessed on TRACER v1.7  to ensure the potential scale reduction factors (PSRF) neared 1.0 and the effective sample size values (ESS) were sufficiently large (>\u2009200). Nodes with BPP \u22650.95 and/or UFBoot \u226595 were considered strongly supported. Alignment and phylogenetic trees are deposited in Treebase (ID: 24428).Bayesian Inference (BI) was implemented using MRBAYES v3.2  with two independent runs, each one with four chains and starting from random trees. The best-fit evolutionary models and partitioning scheme for these analyses were estimated as for the ML analysis but restricting the search to models implemented on MRBAYES (options -m TESTMERGEONLY -mset mrbayes). Chains were run for 10From this section, all taxa are referred to by the names proposed in this study.Pterulaceae  of all parameters above 2800 and the potential scale reduction factors (PSRF) equal 1.000 for all the parameters according to the 95% HPD Interval.Radulomycetaceae , Phaeopterula , Coronicium superclade (grouping Merulicium and Coronicium), Pterulicium , Pterula and Myrmecopterula .The new classification proposed in this study Fig. , highligPterulaceae, namely Aphanobasidium , Radulotubus  and Radulomyces . The placement of Aphanobasidium and Radulomyces into Pterulaceae was previously shown by phylogenetic reconstructions of corticioid taxa  in their morphology and consequently we introduce the family name Phaeopterula received maximum support in both analyses. It includes Pterula stipata, Pt. anomala, Pt. juruensis and other species which all have dark brown basidiomes. This clade is the first coralloid lineage to diverge within Pterulaceae. As these species render Pterula paraphyletic, a reclassification is needed. The generic name Phaeopterula was originally proposed as a subgenus of Pterula to accommodate Ph. hirsuta and Ph. juruensis . Both genera form resupinate basidiomes but differ in the hyphal system present . Some Pterulicium species also show transitions in their morphology to a resupinate state. Corner . The Pterula species are interspersed with some Deflexula, rendering both genera polyphyletic. Pterulicium xylogenum forms a well-supported subclade with Pterula secundiramea . Deflexula fascicularis forms a subclade with other Deflexula species that share globose spores, an unusual feature within Pterulaceae, most of which form ellipsoid to subamygdaliform spores.Two type species, Pterula spp. that are represented by very bushy coralloid basidiomes, usually robust and taller than those of Pterulicium, stipe concolorous with hymenophore and lacking a cottony subiculum. Pterula has a mainly pantropical and pan-subtropical distribution, with occurrence reported to all continents except Antarctica (Corner This clade groups the true a Corner .Pterula represents the newly proposed genus (see below). It groups the two species cultivated by attine ants in the Apterostigma pilosum group with M. moniliformis and several unidentified free-living species. The species in this clade are only known from the Neotropics. Myrmecopterula is divided into seven subclades  and two closely related to M. nudihortorum (SAPN 1\u20132).This sister clade of des Fig.  represenRadulomycetaceae Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., fam. nov.MycoBank MB831047.Diagnosis: Differs from resupinate forms of Pterulaceae in the monomitic hyphal system and the absence of cystidia. Cystidia may be either present or absent in Pm. xylogenum, in the latter case the amygdaliform spores differentiate the species from Radulomyces that has ellipsoid to globose spores.Etymology: From the type genus Radulomyces.Type genus: Radulomyces M.P. Christ. 1960.Description: Basidiome resupinate, effused, mostly adnate, ceraceous, hymenophore smooth, tuberculate, odontioid, raduloid or poroid. Hyphal system monomitic, generative hyphae with clamps, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Cystidia absent. Basidia terminal clavate or other form if pleural, usually with 4-sterigmata and a basal clamp. Basidiospores ellipsoid to globose, hyaline, mostly smooth, thin- to slightly thick-walled, acyanophilous, inamyloid and non-dextrinoid.Notes: Radulomyces, Aphanobasidium and Radulotubus are placed in Radulomycetaceae. Larsson (2007) suggested that Lepidomyces had affinities to Aphanobasidium and could possibly be placed in Pterulaceae. However, no sequence data for the genus are available. Lepidomyces is described as bearing pleurobasidia as in Aphanobasidium, but also leptocystidia as in Coronicium and Merulicium. Given its morphological similarities to Aphanobasidium and the Coronicium superclade, we retain Lepidomyces as incertae sedis until molecular data are available to confirm its phylogenetic positionMyrmecopterula Leal-Dutra, Dentinger & G.W. Griff., gen. nov.MycoBank MB831048.Etymology: From the ancient Greek \u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 (=m\u00fdrm\u0113kos), genitive form of \u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03be (=m\u00fdrm\u0113x), ants. Thus, Pterula of the ants, due to the observed relationship of several taxa in this genus with nests of fungus-growing ants.Diagnosis: Differs from Pterula in the presence of the cottony subiculum.Type species: Myrmecopterula moniliformis (Henn.) Leal-Dutra et al. 2019.Description: Basidiome if present bushy, pteruloid, white-cream to light brown and greyish surface, normally concolorous or stipe with a darker tone than the hymenophore, arising from cottony subiculum with mycelial cords. Stipe surface sterile. Hyphal system, dimitic hyphal system. Basidiospores relatively small spores, usually less than 7\u2009\u03bcm wide.Ecology: Usually associated with the nests of ants, growing on top, or from a living or dead nest, or being cultivated by the ants.Notes: Basidiomes of Myrmecopterula species are very similar to those of Pterula in habit, shape, and colour, but differ in the presence of mycelial cords and a cottony subiculum from which the basidiomes emerge. Some species of Myrmecopterula arise from soil, while others superficially appear to grow on wood. Closer observation of basidiomes formed on wood revealed that, rather than being lignicolous, they instead grow from a loose, granular substrate within a cavity inside the wood. This substrate in some cases resembles the substrate in the fungus gardens of the Apterostigma pilosum group of ants. In addition, M. moniliformis, which arises from soil, has been found emerging from active and inactive attine nests, . Thus, all but one of the Myrmecopterula clades found to date had some association with attine ants, of which the two farmed mutualist species (M. nudihortorum and M. velohortorum) are best known. The five other species (of which only M. moniliformis is named) are less well studied and may play a role in decomposition of residual substrates in abandoned fungus garden, or potentially even as mycoparasites of the ant cultivar. In contrast, no Pterula spp. have any reported association with ants, but instead are found growing directly from wood and leaf litter.Myrmecopterula moniliformis (Henn.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger & G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831049.Basionym: Lachnocladium moniliforme Henn., Hedwigia43: 198 (1904).Synonyms: Pterula moniliformis (Henn.) Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s.16: 569 (1952).Thelephora clavarioides Torrend, Brot\u00e9ria, s\u00e9r. Bot. 12: 61 (1914).Description: Corner (: Corner : 546\u2013548Myrmecopterula nudihortorum (Dentinger) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger & G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831050.Basionym: Pterula nudihortorum Dentinger, Index Fungorum98: 1 (2014); as \u2018nudihortus\u2019, and later \u2018nudihorta\u2019.Diagnosis: In the field, recognized by the absence of any veil on the fungus garden in Apterostigma nests, usually inside decomposing trunks or underground. In culture, it forms very little aerial mycelium and exhibits very slow growth . Hyphal clamps abundant.Notes: This species was formerly known as the ant cultivar G4. It is only known from the nest of fungus-growing ants in the Apterostigma pilosum group in the A. manni subclade (Schultz  Schultz .Myrmecopterula velohortorum (Dentinger) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger & G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831051.Basionym: Pterula velohortorum Dentinger. Index Fungorum98: 1 (2014); as \u2018velohortus\u2019, and later \u2018velohorta\u2019.Diagnosis: In the field, recognized by the Apterostigma garden covered by a mycelial veil, usually inside decomposing trunks, below the leaf litter or hanging on exposed surfaces aboveground. In culture, it forms very cottony aerial mycelia with presence of racquet hyphae  Sacc. & D. Sacc., Syll. Fung.17: 201 (1905).Basionym: Pterula subgen. Phaeopterula Henn., Monsunia1: 9 (1900) [\u201c1899\u201d].Type species: Phaeopterula hirsuta (Henn.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. 1899.Description: Basidiomes pteruloid, solitary or gregarious, scarcely branched to almost bushy, monopodial and slightly symmetric, branches from light brownish pink or greyish to pale brown and stipe dark reddish to rusty brown. Stipe surface glabrous with agglutinated hyphae (not sclerotioid) to villose-tomentose. Dark brown mycelial cords usually present. Hyphal system dimitic with thick-walled skeletal hyphae, generative hyphae thin-walled and often clamped. Hymenial cystidia absent, caulocystidia sometimes present. Basidia terminal, clavate to suburniform. Basidiospores less than 9\u2009\u03bcm varying between pip-shaped, subamygdaliform and ellipsoid.Ecology: Growing on dead twigs or dead wood.Notes: Hennings (Phaeopterula to accommodate Pterula hirsuta that was distinguished from other Pterula species by the reportedly brown spores. Hennings (1904) later described a second species in the subgenus, Ph. juruensis, but noted that it was morphologically quite distinct from Ph. hirsuta. Phaeopterula was raised to generic level by Saccardo and Saccardo (Ph. juruensis. Pterula hirsuta was recombined in Dendrocladium by Lloyd (1919) but later returned to Pterula by Corner  Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB830999.Basionym: Pterula anomala P. Roberts, Kew Bull.54(3): 528 ((3): 528 .Description: Roberts (1999: 528\u2013529).Phaeopterula hirsuta (Henn.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 17: 201 (1905).MycoBank MB469044.Basionym: Pterula hirsuta Henn., Monsunia1: 9 (1899) [1900].Synonym: Dendrocladium hirsutum (Henn.) Lloyd, Mycol. Writ. 5: 870 (1919).Description: Corner (1950: 517).Phaeopterula juruensis\u00a0Henn. ex Sacc. & D. Sacc., Syll. Fung.17: 201 (1905).MycoBank MB634235.Basionym:Phaeopterula juruensis Henn. ex Sacc. & D. Sacc., Syll. Fung. 17: 201 (1905).Synonym: Dendrocladium juruense (Henn. ex Sacc. & D. Sacc.) Lloyd, Mycol. Writ. 5: 870 (1919).Pterula juruensis (Henn. ex Sacc. & D. Sacc.) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 518 (1950).Phaeopterula juruensis Henn., Hedwigia 43 (3): 175 (1904).Descriptions: Corner .Phaeopterula stipata (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831000.Basionym: Pterula stipata Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 568 (1952).Description: Corner (1952b: 556\u2013557).Phaeopterula taxiformis (Mont.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831001.Basionym: Pterula taxiformis Mont., Syll. Gen.: 181 (1856).Synonyms: Lachnocladium taxiforme (Mont.) Sacc., Syll. Fung.6: 740 (1888).Pterula humilis Speg., Revista Argent. Hist. Nat. 1(2): 110 (1891).Pterula humilis var. tucumanensis Speg., Anal. Mus. nac. B. Aires, Ser. 3 12: 280 (1909).Descriptions: Corner .Phaeopterula taxiformis var. gracilis (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831002.Basionym: Pterula taxiformis var. gracilis Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 568 (1952).Description: Corner (1952b: 561).Pterulicium Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 699 (1950).Synonym: Deflexula Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 695 (1950).Type Species: Pterulicium xylogenum (Berk. & Broome) Corner 1950.Description: Basidiomes pteruloid rarely corticioid, solitary or gregarious, simple or scarcely branched, occasionally exhibiting abundant unilateral branching . Hyphal system dimitic with slightly thick-walled skeletal hyphae, generative hyphae thin-walled and often clamped. Hymenial cystidia usually present, caulocystidia sometimes present. Basidia terminal, clavate to suburniform. Basidiospores shape varying between globose to subglobose, pip-shaped, amygdaliform to subamygdaliform, ellipsoid.ng Figs.\u00a0i, l, varEcology: On dead leaves, dead twigs or dead wood, rarely as a pathogen or endophyte of living plants.Notes: Deflexula is synonymised with Pterulicium in this study. In addition, several species previously placed in Pterula are transferred to Pterulicium below. Other Pterula species that might need to be recombined in Pterulicium, require further investigation since their original descriptions do not provide enough information to confidently assign them here.Pterulicium argentinum (Speg.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831003.Basionym: Mucronella argentina Speg., Anal. Mus. nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires6: 178 (1899) [\u201c1898\u201d].Synonyms: Deflexula argentina (Speg.) Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 276 (1952).Deflexula lilaceobrunnea var. elongata Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 276 (1952).Descriptions: Corner .Pterulicium argentinum var. ramosum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831004.Basionym: Deflexula argentina (Speg.) Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 276 (1952).Description: Corner (1970: 197).Pterulicium bambusae (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831005.Basionym: Pterula bambusae Corner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia33: 209 (1970).Description: Corner (1970: 209).Pterulicium bromeliphilum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831006.Basionym: Pterula bromeliphila Corner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia33: 210 (1970)Description: Corner (1970: 210).Pterulicium brunneosetosum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831007.Basionym: Pterula brunneosetosa Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 566 (1952).Descriptions: Corner .Pterulicium campoi (Speg.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831008.Basionym: Pterula campoi Speg., Bol. Acad. nac. Cienc. C\u00f3rdoba25: 29 (1921).Descriptions: Corner (1970: 210\u2013211) and Spegazzini (egazzini : 29\u201330.Pterulicium caricis-pendulae (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831009.Basionym: Pterula caricis-pendulae Corner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia33: 211 (1970).Description: Corner (1970: 211\u2013212).Pterulicium crassisporum (P. Roberts) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831010.Basionym: Pterula crassispora P. Roberts, Kew Bull. 54: 531 ( 54: 531 .Description: Roberts (1999: 531\u2013532).Pterulicium cystidiatum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831011.Basionym: Pterula cystidiata Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 567 (1952).Description: Corner (1952b: 537\u2013539).Pterulicium debile (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831012.Basionym: Pterula bromeliphila Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 698 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 508\u2013510).Pterulicium echo (D.J. McLaughlin & E.G. McLaughlin) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831013.Basionym: Pterula echo D.J. McLaughlin & E.G. McLaughlin, Can. J. Bot. 58: 1328 (1980).Description: McLaughlin and McLaughlin (1980: 1328\u20131332).Pterulicium epiphylloides (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831014.Basionym: Pterula epiphylloides Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 567 (1952).Description: Corner (1952b: 540).Pterulicium epiphyllum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831015.Basionym: Pterula epiphylla Corner Monogr. Clavaria.: 698 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 510\u2013511).Pterulicium fasciculare (Bres. & Pat.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831016.Basionym: Pterula fascicularis Bres. & Pat., Mycol. Writ. 1: 50 (1901).Synonym: Deflexula fascicularis (Bres. & Pat.) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 395 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 395\u2013397).Pterulicium fluminense (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831017.Basionym: Pterula fluminensis Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 567 (1952).Descriptions: Corner .Pterulicium gordium (Speg.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831018.Basionym: Clavaria gordius Speg., Anal. Soc. cient. Argent. 17(2): 83 (1884).Synonym: Pterula gordius (Speg.) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 513 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 513\u2013514).Pterulicium gordium var. macrosporum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831019.Basionym: Pterula gordius var. macrospora Corner, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 178: 100 (1967).Description: Corner (1967: 100\u2013101).Pterulicium gracile (Desm. & Berk.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831020.Basionym: Typhula gracilis Desm. & Berk., Ann. nat. Hist., Mag. Zool. Bot. Geol. 1: 202 (1838).Synonyms: Pistillaria gracilis (Desm. & Berk.) Pat., Tab. analyt. Fung. (Paris)(6): 30 (1886).Hirsutella gracilis (Desm. & Berk.) Pat., Revue mycol., Toulouse 14(no. 54): 69 (1892).Pterula gracilis (Desm. & Berk.) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 514 (1950).Clavaria aculina Qu\u00e9l., C. r. Assoc. Fran\u00e7. Avancem. Sci. 9: 670 (1881) [1880].Pistillaria aculina (Qu\u00e9l.) Pat., Tab. analyt. Fung. (Paris)(6): 29  (1886).Ceratella aculina (Qu\u00e9l.) Pat., Hym\u00e9nomyc. Eur. (Paris): 157 (1887).Cnazonaria aculina (Qu\u00e9l.) Donk, Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 9: 97 (1933).Pistillaria aculina subsp. juncicola Bourdot & Galzin, Hym\u00e9nomyc. de France (Sceaux): 138 (1928) [1927].Pistillaria aculina subsp. graminicola Bourdot & Galzin, Hym\u00e9nomyc. de France (Sceaux): 139 (1928) [1927].Pistillaria aculina subsp. acicula Bourdot & Galzin, Hym\u00e9nomyc. de France (Sceaux): 139 (1928) [1927].Typhula brunaudii Qu\u00e9l., C. r. Assoc. Fran\u00e7. Avancem. Sci. 13: 283 (1885) [1884].Clavaria brunaudii (Qu\u00e9l.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 6: 730 (1888).Ceratella ferryi Qu\u00e9l. & Fautrey, Revue mycol., Toulouse 15(no. 57): 15 (1893).Pistillaria ferryi (Qu\u00e9l. & Fautrey) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 11: 141 (1895).Pistillaria ferryi subsp. tremula Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 17: 202 (1905).Mucronella rickii Oudem., Ned. kruidk. Archf, 3 s\u00e9r. 2(3): 667 (1902).Cnazonaria rickii (Oudem.) Donk, Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 9: 99 (1933).Ceratellopsis rickii (Oudem.) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 205 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 514\u2013516).Pterulicium incarnatum (Pat.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831021.Basionym: Pterula incarnata Pat., in Patouillard & Lagerheim, Bull. Herb. Boissier3(1): 58 (1895).Descriptions: Corner .Pterulicium intermedium (Dogma) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831022.Basionym: Pterula intermedia Dogma, Philipp. Agric. 49: 852 ( 49: 852 .Descriptions: Corner (1970): 216 and Dogma (1966: 852-855).Pterulicium laxum (Pat.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831023.Basionym: Pterula laxa Pat., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 18(2): 175 (1902).Descriptions: Corner .Pterulicium lilaceobrunneum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831024.Basionym: Deflexula lilaceobrunnea Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 695 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 397\u2013398).Pterulicium lilaceobrunneum var. evolutius (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831025.Basionym: Deflexula lilaceobrunnea var. evolutior Corner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia33: 197 (1970).Description: Corner (1970: 197\u2013198).Pterulicium longisporum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831026.Basionym: Pterula longispora Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 567 (1952).Description: Corner (1952b: 544\u2013545).Pterulicium macrosporum (Pat.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831027.Basionym: Ceratella macrospora Pat., in Patouillard & Lagerheim, Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 8(3): 119 (1892).Synonyms: Pistillaria macrospora (Pat.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 11: 142 (1895).Pterula macrospora (Pat.) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 518 (1950).Descriptions: Corner .Pterulicium majus (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831028.Basionym: Deflexula major Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 277 (1952).Description: Corner (1952a: 277\u2013278).Pterulicium mangiforme (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831029.Basionym: Deflexula mangiformis Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 278 (1952).Description: Corner (1952a: 278).Pterulicium microsporum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831030.Basionym: Deflexula microspora Corner, Bull. Jard. bot. \u00c9tat Brux.36: 264 (1966).Description: Corner (1966: 264).Pterulicium nanum (Pat.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831031.Basionym: Pterula nana Pat., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr.18(2): 175 (1902).Synonyms: Deflexula nana (Pat.) Corner, Bull. Jard. bot. \u00c9tat Brux.36: 264 (1966).Pterula vanderystii Henn. [as \u2018vanderysti\u2019], Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., S\u00e9r. 5 2(2): 96 (1907).Deflexula vanderystii (Henn.) Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 284 (1952).Description: Corner (1966: 264).Pterulicium naviculum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831032.Basionym: Pterula navicula Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 568 (1952).Description: Corner (1952b: 549\u2013550).Pterulicium oryzae (Remsberg) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831033.Basionym: Pistillaria oryzae Remsberg, Mycologia32(5): 668 ((5): 668 .Synonym: Pterula oryzae (Remsberg) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 519 (1950).Descriptions: Corner (1950: 519\u2013520) and Remsberg (1940: 668\u2013670).Pterulicium phyllodicola (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831034.Basionym: Pterula phyllodicola Corner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia33: 220 (1970).Description: Corner (: Corner : 220.Pterulicium phyllophilum (McAlpine) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831035.Basionym: Clavaria phyllophila McAlpine, Agric. Gaz. N.S.W., Sydney 7: 86 (1896).Synonym: Pterula phyllophila (McAlpine) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 520 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 520).Pterulicium rigidum (Donk) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831036.Basionym: Pterula rigida Donk, Monogr. Clavaria.: 698 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 521).Pterulicium sclerotiicola (Berthier) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831037.Basionym: Pterula sclerotiicola Berthier, Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr.83: 731 (1968) [1967].Description: Corner (1970: 221).Pterulicium secundirameum (L\u00e9v) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831038.Basionym: Clavaria secundiramea L\u00e9v., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., s\u00e9r. 3 2: 216 (1844).Synonyms: Pterula secundiramea (L\u00e9v.) Speg., Bol. Acad. nac. Cienc. C\u00f3rdoba11(4): 466 (1889).Deflexula secundiramea (L\u00e9v.) Corner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia33: 199 (1970).Pterula palmicola Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 568 (1952).Descriptions: Corner .Notes: The synonymisation of Pm. palmicola (samples M50 and M83) in Pm. secundirameum (samples M70 and genome5) is based on our phylogenetic results and morphological comparisons. The only morphological difference between the two species is the shape of the basidiome, however, the other characters are similar and both species are nested together within our tree  Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831039.Basionym: Hydnum sprucei Mont., Syll. gen. sp. crypt. (Paris): 173 (1856).Synonyms: Pterula sprucei (Mont.) Lloyd, Mycol. Writ.5: 865 (1919).Deflexula sprucei (Mont.) Maas Geest., Persoonia3(2): 179 (1964).Pterula pennata Henn., Hedwigia43(3): 174 (1904).Deflexula pennata (Henn.) Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 278 (1952).Descriptions: Corner  and Maas Geesteranus (steranus : 178\u2013179Pterulicium subsimplex (Henn.) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831040.Basionym: Pterula subsimplex Henn., Hedwigia36(4): 197 (1897).Synonyms: Deflexula subsimplex (Henn.) Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 279 (1952).Pterula nivea Pat., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr.18(2): 174 (1902).Deflexula nivea (Pat.) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 398 (1950).Mucronella pacifica Kobayasi, Bot. Mag., Tokyo 53: 160 (1939).Deflexula pacifica (Kobayasi) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 399 (1950).Descriptions: Corner  Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831041.Basionym: Deflexula subsimplex var. multifida Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 282 (1952).Description: Corner (1952a: 282\u2013283).Pterulicium subtyphuloides (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831042.Basionym: Pterula subtyphuloides Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 698 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 522\u2013523).Pterulicium sulcisporum (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831043.Basionym: Deflexula sulcispora Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 283 (1952).Description: Corner (1952a: 283\u2013284).Pterulicium tenuissimum (M.A. Curtis) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831044.Basionym: Typhula tenuissima M.A. Curtis, Am. Journ. Art. Scienc. 6: 351 (1848).Synonym: Pterula tenuissima (M.A. Curtis) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 524 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 524).Pterulicium typhuloides (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB832820.Basionym: Pterula typhuloides Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 698 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 525\u2013526).Pterulicium typhuloides var. minor (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB832821.Basionym: Pterula typhuloides var. minus Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 699 (1950).Description: Corner (1950: 526\u2013527).Pterulicium ulmi (Peck) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831045.Basionym: Mucronella ulmi Peck, Ann. Rep. Reg. N.Y. St. Mus. 54: 154 (1902) [1901].Synonym: Deflexula ulmi (Peck) Corner, Monogr. Clavaria.: 400 (1950).Descriptions: Corner .Pterulicium velutipes (Corner) Leal-Dutra, Dentinger, G.W. Griff., comb. nov.MycoBank MB831046.Basionym: Pterula velutipes Corner, Ann. Bot., Lond., n.s. 16: 569 (1952).Description: Corner (1952b: 565\u2013566).Key to genera ofPterulaceaeandRadulomycetaceaeMyrmecopterula cultivated by Apterostigma was never reported forming basidiomes* Allantula in Corner 1952c)** Allantoid = sausage-shaped, in this case with inflated portions of hymenium intercalating with rhizomorph  than to leave them in Pterulaceae where they are clearly phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from nearly all the other members of Pterulaceae. In contrast, Merulicium  and of uniform colour (Pterula and Myrmecopterula) or pigmented only at the stipe base, and (mostly) unbranched (Pterulicium). Hennings  basidiomes  attine nests  as was CALD170315\u201304  that it evolved independently on two occasions, or (2) that it is an ancestral condition of all Myrmecopterula. However, it is at present unclear whether the extant mutualistic association found for M. nudihortorum and M. velohortorum is ancestral, implying that the other taxa escaped the mutualism, or whether the looser association with ant nests widespread amongst members of Myrmecopterula was more recently elevated to a higher level of interdependence for these two species, as suggested by Dentinger et al.  for more detailed analysis.All the accepted genera in ork Fig. m. PhylogPterulaceae as containing six genera: Allantula, Coronicium, Merulicium, Myrmecopterula, Phaeopterula, Pterula, and Pterulicium.Thus, we re-delimit Pterulaceae based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses with samples from six out of seven genera previously accepted in the family. Three early diverging resupinate genera were placed in the new family Radulomycetaceae ; the new genus Myrmecopterula was introduced to accommodate ant associated species previously classified in Pterula; several species from the latter were also recombined in the reintroduced Phaeopterula and in Pterulicium, and finally Deflexula was synonymised with Pterulicium. Pterulaceae was thus re-delimited to accommodate seven genera Allantula, Coronicium, Merulicium, Myrmecopterula, Phaeopterula, Pterula and Pterulicium. Some species kept in Pterula might also need to be recombined since the original description was not enough to make these changes. Type specimens should be analysed considering the delimitations proposed in this study.In this study, we presented a reclassification of Additional file 1. Full details of all samples studied here (simplified in Table\u00a0Additional file 2. Additional phylogenetic reconstructions, including detailed analyses relating to Fig. 3Additional file 3 Additional images of coralloid Pterulaceae and micrographs of Myrmecopterula velohortorum."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Infect Dis (2018) 18:40https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-2953-8After the publication of the original article , an erroThe reference currently reads:Park IH, Jun CH, Wi JW, Park SY, Lee WS, Jung SI, Park CH, Joo YE, Kim HS, Choi SK, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for endogenous endophthalmitis in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses. Korean J Intern Med. 2015;30(4):453\u20139.The reference should read:Chest. Thoracic Complications of Amebic Abscess of the Liver: Report of 501 Cases, 1981 Jun;79(6):672\u20137, doi: 10.1378/chest.79.6.672."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Andres H. Aria. The correct citation is: Das S, Aria AH, Cheng J-O, Souissi S, Hwang J-S, Ko F-C (2020) Occurrence and distribution of anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants in coastal sediments and mud shrimps from the wetland of central Taiwan. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227367."}
{"text": "Communications Biology 10.1038/s42003-023-05551-1, published online 21 November 2023.Correction to: The original version of the Article contained errors in the order of the references numbered 72, 73 and 74. The in-text citations were correctly ordered. The reference list should read:Biol. Reprod. 85, 977\u2013986 (2011).72. Li, C. W. & Ge, W. Spatiotemporal expression of bone morphogenetic protein family ligands and receptors in the zebrafish ovary: a potential paracrine signaling mechanism for oocyte-follicle cell communication. Aquat. Toxicol. 68, 193\u2013217 (2004).73. Brion, F. et al. Impacts of 17 beta-estradiol, including environmentally relevant concentrations, on reproduction after exposure during embryolarval-, juvenile- and adult-life stages in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)9, 593 (2018).74. Zhu, B., Pardeshi, L., Chen, Y. & Ge, W. Transcriptomic analysis for differentially expressed genes in ovarian follicle activation in the zebrafish. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article."}
{"text": "Numerous applications of amino acid-based compounds and peptide derivatives in different biomedicine- and nanotechnology-related fields were described in the recent scientific literature . For exa2+ and Zn2+ showed peculiar crystallization properties that were influenced by the metal ions. It also exerts a neuroprotective effect due to both its metal chelating properties and its ability to interact with amyloid beta (A\u03b2) peptide, whose abundant deposition in the brain is famously linked to the Alzheimer\u2019s disease [A synthetic octapeptide, derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), that is able to bind to Cu disease ,4.Synthetic peptides in conjunction with growth factors can show neuroprotective properties, making them potential candidates as innovative neurodrugs. The synthetic dodecapeptide C16 administered together with the growth factor angiopoietin-1 improved functional disability and reduced neuronal cell death in animal models by protecting vascular endothelial cells, thereby inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and maintaining blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) permeability .Novel cyclic peptidomimetics of the protein suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3)  were desSigns of the potential anti-metastatic activity of sugar\u2013amino acid derivatives were discovered by the collaborative efforts of Armenian and Italian chemists who used the Amadori reaction to obtain novel synthetic conjugates and also discovered novel molecules with therapeutic potential .Peptides are also useful in the field of prophylactics for the realization of vaccines. Among the others, peptide-based vaccines have recently been attracting a growing attention in the prevention and recurrence of breast cancer ,9.l-Willardiine , 1108; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15091096.Iavorschi, M.; Lup\u0103escu, A.; Darie-Ion, L.; Indeykina, M.; Hitruc, G.; Petre, B. Cu and Zn Interactions with Peptides Revealed by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(9), 1096; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15040471.Fu, X.; Wang, J.; Cai, H.; Jiang, H.; Han, S. C16 Peptide and Ang-1 Improve Functional Disability and Pathological Changes in an Alzheimer&rsquo;s Disease Model Associated with Vascular Dysfunction. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(4), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15040458.La Manna, S.; Leone, M.; Mercurio, F.; Florio, D.; Marasco, D. Structure-Activity Relationship Investigations of Novel Constrained Chimeric Peptidomimetics of SOCS3 Protein Targeting JAK2. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(4), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16070923.Nordin, M.; Azemi, A.; Nordin, A.; Nabgan, W.; Ng, P.; Yusoff, K.; Abu, N.; Lim, K.; Zakaria, Z.; Ismail, N.; Azmi, F. Peptide-Based Vaccine against Breast Cancer: Recent Advances and Prospects. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(7), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15101243.Palumbo, R.; Omodei, D.; Vicidomini, C.; Roviello, G. Willardiine and Its Synthetic Analogues: Biological Aspects and Implications in Peptide Chemistry of This Nucleobase Amino Acid. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(10), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15091048Diaferia, C.; Rosa, E.; Morelli, G.; Accardo, A. Fmoc-Diphenylalanine Hydrogels: Optimization of Preparation Methods and Structural Insights. Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(9), 1048; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14080702.Resende, D.; Ferreira, M.; Sousa-Lobo, J.; Sousa, E.; Almeida, I. Usage of Synthetic Peptides in Cosmetics for Sensitive Skin. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(8), 702;"}
{"text": "A. Stage 1 Title: Low-frequency Raman Spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 and other coronaviruses.B. Stage 1 Authors and Affiliations: Jacobi, Leor; Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. Damle, Vinayaka Harshothama; Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. Rajeswaran, Bharathi; Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. Tischler, Yaakov R.; Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.C. Stage 1 Abstract: Amidst the current worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, improved diagnostic tools are of vital importance. Low-frequency Raman (LFR) Spectroscopy provides a robust theoretical scientific basis for eventual development of a non-invasive Diagnostic Tool for specimens or patients directly. This preliminary research will begin mapping the nanostructure of COVID-19 via LFR and regular Raman Spectroscopy, in comparison with different Coronaviruses and other viral materials, helping to lay a groundwork for future research. In addition to its distinct nanostructure, effects on it by thermal fluctuations or decomposition, decay under laser excitation, and interference from buffers with be examined.D. Date of Stage 1 in-principle acceptance: 8 April 2020.E. Date of withdrawal: 6 April 2021.F. Reason for the withdrawal: Attempts to measure or identify viral material were not successful.G. URL to the approved Stage 1 manuscript:https://osf.io/y54h3."}
{"text": "Goeieman and Doudou K. Nzaumvila.In the published article Goeieman DS, Nonyane DS, Nzaumvila DK, Van Rensburg MNS. Retention of service users on opioid substitution therapy in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2023;15(1), a3392. Instead of:Authors:1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-1350Daniela S. Goeieman1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-6326Dimakatso S. Nonyane1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3257-0329Doudou K. Nzaumvila1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-1022Michelle N.S. Janse van RensburgAffiliations:1Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Tshwane, South AfricaIt should be:Authors:1,2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-1350Daniela S. Goeieman1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-6326Dimakatso S. Nonyane3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3257-0329Doudou K. Nzaumvila1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-1022Michelle N.S. Janse van RensburgAffiliations:1Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Tshwane, South Africa2Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa3Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South AfricaThe authors apologise for this error. The correction does not change the study\u2019s findings of significance or overall interpretation of the study\u2019s results or the scientific conclusions of the article in any way."}
{"text": "Cucurbitaceae was also reported. This checklist records respective habitat, habits, elevation ranges, voucher numbers and global distribution ranges of each species. Native and exotic species were also distinguished, where 8.4% of the total species in 49 families were exotic species. There were 103 endemic species, while 14 species were found to be both rare and endemic. IUCN conservation status revealed 2 Critically Endangered, 4 Endangered, 9 Vulnerable and 2 Near Threatened species. This study presents the first and most comprehensive plant inventory of Mt Elgon that will facilitate further ecological and phylogenetic studies.Mt Elgon is an ancient transboundary volcanic mountain found at the Kenya-Uganda boarder possessing high plant diversity. This study documents an updated checklist of the mountain\u2019s vascular plants obtained through random-walk field excursions and retrieval of herbarium specimen tracing back to 1900. We compiled 1709 species from 673 genera in 131 families. One new species of the family  Plants form part of the most fundamental natural resources offered by nature. They provide essential requirements for life including fuel, food, medicine, fodder, timber, oils, and resins . Plants\u2019Mountains, estimated to be 8,616 in number globally, are among the unique and diverse physical features of the world found in all continents, accounting for about 20\u201324% of the terrestrial surface area . CompareUNESCO), because of its cultural significance, considerable plant diversity comprising of rare and endemic species of Afromontane flora, and its role as a water catchment area with more than two million people relying on it for livelihood  distinguishes between native and exotic plants and their distribution ranges; (ii) evaluates the conservation status of extant taxa; and (iii) identifies rare and endemic species found in Mt Elgon. This study is fundamental in further evaluating phylogenetic diversity and ecological studies. This will be significant in formulating and implementation of conservation policies for the ecosystems of Mt Elgon.1\u00b008'N, 34\u00b045'E . The forest covers 73,705 ha while that within the national park covers 16,900 ha on the northeastern slope of the mountain managed by the Kenya Wildlife Service  and duplicates transferred to the Hubei Institute of Botany herbarium (HIB), in China.We assembled an inclusive database of plants of Mt Elgon from field excursions tracing back to the 1900s. The Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre in collaboration with the National Museums of Kenya conducted field excursions between the year 2017 and 2019 in the vast Mt Elgon ecosystem. Plant specimen assembling were done using the random-walk survey where fertile plants sample (in fruiting or flowering stages) were collected in triplicates. Onsite plants and habitat characteristics were recorded and specimen voucher numbers assigned alongside scientific and/or local names, location, and collection date. Specimens were preserved by pressing and drying. Assigned scientific names were later confirmed using standard references . The idehttp://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/). Distribution ranges of each taxon were extrapolated to be within the maximum and minimum possible record in relation to altitudinal ranges of Mt Elgon. Based on our collections, life forms were assigned as herbs, shrubs, climbers, lianas and trees following https://www.ipni.org/), Plants of the World Online (https://powo.science.kew.org), and Tropicos (https://www.tropicos.org).For inclusive tabulation of vascular plants of Mt Elgon, previous plant collections dating back to 1900 were retrieved from various online herbaria, field guides and published floras, such as Kenya Trees Shrubs and Lianas , Wild Fld Online  (https:/Tropicos  (https:/CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU) or Near Threatened (NT) based on International Union for Conservation of Nature criterion (IUCN) Red list of threatened species (https://www.iucnredlist.org). In addition, taxa endemism was determined based on literature citation and online distribution ranges according to the Global Biodiverity Information Facility (https://www.gbif.org). We also inferred whether the taxa compiled was native or exotic.Conservation status of each taxon were assigned as either Critically Endangered ( species  (https:/Magnoliopsida 1230 species (72%), Liliopsida 396 species (23%), Polypodiopsida 72 (4%), Lycopodiopsida 7 species (0.4%), and Pinopsida 4 species (0.2%) (Table Asteraceae (191), Fabaceae (168), Orchidaceae (114), Poaceae (98), Lamiaceae (79), Cyperaceae (59), Rubiaceae (58), and Acanthaceae (45 species) (Table Cyperus (31), Asplenium (29), Crotalaria (27), Habenaria (25), Helichrysum (24), and Coleus (21)  representing 673 genera in 131 families. The plant taxa were classified into five classes, namely: The plant life forms of Mt Elgon were categorized as either trees, shrubs, climbers, lianas, or herbs. Herbs constituted the highest percentage of forest cover (72%) of the total species recorded, which consisted largely of terrestrial plants, few aquatic (9 species) and epiphytic (45 species) plants. The other growth habits constituted shrubs (13% with 228 species), climbers (6% with 118 species), trees (6% with 108 species), and lianas (2% having 24 species) , 9 Vulnerable (VU), 4 Endangered (EN) and 2 Critically Endangered (CR)  Fig. . Bothriopulation . The onlangulata .Asteraceae (22) and Cyperaceae (7)  and Orobanchaceae (3)  and Poaceae (3) constituted the highest number of both rare and endemic species  Fig. . Asteracperaceae  . In Mt Elgon, a total of 144 species from 49 families were determined as exotic (Table Asteraceae (38), Fabaceae (11), Solanaceae (9), Orchidaceae (6), Lamiaceae (5), and Euphorbiaceae (5) constituted the highest number of exotic species  Polypodiopsida; (iii) Pinopsida; (iv) Liliopsida; and (v) Magnoliopsida. The native range of the species are recorded for the benefit of biodiversity studies. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group I (PPG I) (2016) was used as the basis of classification of Lycopodiopsida and Polypodiosida; Pinopsida; and Magnoliopsida and Liliopsida. For each species, information on growth habit, habitat, collection vouchers, altitudinal occurrence range, and their native distribution ranges are provided. In the cases of unavailable vouchers, descriptive monographs were cited. Species endemic to Mt Elgon are indicated by (**) while those endemic to the region in which Mt Elgon is located are indicated by (*). Exotic species are also indicated in the checklist by (EX).The annotated checklist of plants of Mt Elgon records species in Kenya and Uganda for the benefit for scientific exploration of its flora, as well as broader research on conservation. The checklist is arranged alphabetically at family, genus, and species level. The plants are grouped into five classes: (i) 1 Genus, 1 speciesIsoetesabyssinica Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonal rock outcrop, 1520\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Central & E Tropical Africa.2 Genera, 3 speciesHuperziadacrydioides (Baker) Pic.Serm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane Forest, 1500\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Holm \u00c5 47 (S). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, Comoros.Huperziasaururus (Lam.) Trevis. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, Ericaceous zone, 2550\u20134300 m. Vouchers: \u00c5ke Strid 3584 (S), Holm \u00c5 46 (S), Hedberg O 1037 (S). Native distribution range: Ascension, St Helena, Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Africa, W Indian Ocean, Peru to Subantarctic Islands.Lycopodiumclavatum L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo zone, roadside, montane forest, 2000\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Katende 1034 (K), Mwangangi OM 482 (WAG.). Native distribution range: Temperate Northern Hemisphere to Tropical Mountains.1 Genus, 3 speciesSelaginellacaffrorum (Milde) Hieron. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock crevices, 1450\u20132300 m. Voucher: Wood GHS 449 (EA). Native distribution range: Sudan to S Africa.Selaginellagoudotiana Spring \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, moist thickets, 1250\u20132450 m. Voucher: Brown EJ in EA 12492 (EA), Wesche K 391 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar.Selaginellakraussiana (Kunze) A.Braun \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest floor, bamboo zone, 1300\u20133100 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 505 (US), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0271 . Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Tropical & S Africa.1 Genus, 29 speciesAspleniumabyssinicum F\u00e9e \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo zones, montane forest, 1850\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Katende T; Sheil D 2239 (K), Wood GHS 178 (MO), Hedberg O 151 (S). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Aspleniumactiniopteroides Peter \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, 2500\u20134250 m. Voucher: Wesche K 853 (US), 107 (EA), 1078 (US), \u00c5ke Strid 3561 (S), Hedberg O 954 (S), Molesworth-Allen BEG 3672 (S). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Aspleniumadamsii Alston \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, upper ericaceous zones, 2970\u20133400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to Tanzania.Aspleniumadiantum-nigrum L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, bamboo zones, heath scrub, ericaceous zone, moorland, 3000\u20133800 m. Voucher: Hedberg O 906 (EA). Native distribution range: Temperate Eurasia, Macaronesia, NW & S Africa to Tropical African Mountains, W Central America to N Mexico, Hawaiian Islands.Aspleniumaethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist bushland, moist forest, bamboo zone, rock crevices, moorland, 1430\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Charles E DeVol 5 (MICH), Bamps PRJ 6519 (BR), Sheil D; Katende T 836, 764 (K), Tiyoy LM 1242 (K), Wesche K 1412 (EA), 1271 (K), 897 (US), Wood C 173 (US), Beentje HJ 1932 (WAG). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World to Pacific.Aspleniumanisophyllum Kunze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, 1000\u20131600 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 89 (S), Holm \u00c5 44 (S). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Aspleniumauriculatum Sw. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, moorland, (2400\u2013)2600\u20134200 m. Voucher: Synge PM 1033 (MO). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical America.Aspleniumboltonii Hook. ex Schelpe \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo zone, montane forest, 1600\u20132750 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1272 (S), Granvik H 343 (S). Native distribution range: Tanzania to S Africa, Madagascar, R\u00e9union.Aspleniumbuettneri Hieron. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine forest, 1450\u20131700 m. Voucher: Molesworth-Allen BEG 3673 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Aspleniumbugoiense Hieron. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist montane forest, bamboo forest, 2000\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 579 (US), Molesworth-Allen BEG 3671 (US), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0199 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Rwanda.Aspleniumceii Pic.Serm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, 1700\u20132430 m. Voucher: Gardner 1028 (EA). Native distribution range: Gabon to Ethiopia and Mozambique.Aspleniumchristii Hieron. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist Forest, 1450\u20131900 m. Voucher: Granvik H 361 (S). Native distribution range: Kenya to South Africa.Aspleniumelliottii C.H.Wright \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist montane forest, bamboo forest, 1200\u20132650 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1899 (S), Molesworth-Allen BEG 3670 (US). Native distribution range: Ethiopia, E Central & E Tropical Africa.Aspleniumerectum Bory ex Willd. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, 1300\u20132750 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 690 (US), Hedberg O 90 (S). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean, India, Sri Lanka, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands (Timor), Samoa (Savai\u2019i).Aspleniumfriesiorum C.Chr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine thickets, bamboo forest, moist forest, 2700\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Katende T; Sheil D 2258 (K), van Heist M 571 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Aspleniumgemmascens Alston \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, 1100\u20131150 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: S Nigeria to Uganda and Angola.Aspleniumgemmiferum Schrad. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 1500\u20132300 m. Voucher: Holm \u00c5 48 (S). Native distribution range: Bioko to Uganda and S Africa, R\u00e9union, Mauritius.Aspleniumhypomelas Kuhn \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine, moist forest, rock outcrops, 1500\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Kisalye N; van Heist M 564 (K), Gerhard Lindblom 577 (S). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to South Africa.Aspleniumloxoscaphoides Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo zone, moist forest, 3100\u20133650 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1301 (US), Hedberg O 116 (S). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to Malawi.Aspleniumlunulatum Sw. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 2200\u20132500 m. Vouchers: \u00c5ke Strid 3174 . Native distribution range: Bioko, Ascension, St Helena, Kenya to S Africa.Aspleniummonanthes L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo zone, dry montane forest, 2100\u20133400 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1954 (WAG), Brown EJ EA 12493 (U), Katende T; Sheil D 1144 (K), Wesche K 655 (K), Brown, EJ EA 12493 (U). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Tristan da Cunha, Bioko, Cameroon, Somalia to S Africa, Madagascar, R\u00e9union, Hawaiian Islands, Tropical & Subtropical America.Aspleniumprotensum Schrad. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, 1250\u20132900(\u20133300) m. Vouchers: Katende T; Sheil D 1073 (K), Wesche K 502 (US), Wood G 179 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean, N Yemen.Aspleniumsandersonii Hook. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, rock outcrops, 2600\u20133100 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1339 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Aspleniumsmedsii Pic.Serm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo zone, moist forest, 1500\u20133000 m. Voucher: Beentje 1958 (US), Wesche K 571 (US). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi, W Indian Ocean.Aspleniumstuhlmannii Hieron. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, riverine forest, 1200\u20132230 m. Vouchers: Faden RB & Evans AJ 69/718 (US). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Sudan and Tanzania, Madagascar.Aspleniumtheciferum (Kunth) Mett. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist, forest, bamboo zone, 850\u20132900 m. Voucher: Wesche K 898 (US). Native distribution range: S Mexico to Tropical America, Africa.EXAspleniumthunbergii Kunze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, (2400\u2013)2600\u20134200 m. Voucher: Wood 177 (MO). Native distribution range: Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Assam to New Guinea.Aspleniumtrichomanes L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist rocky forest, 2130\u20132700 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1648 (US). Native distribution range: Cosmopolitan.Aspleniumuhligii Hieron. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, forest, giant heath, woodland (2400\u2013)2600\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Wood G 268 (K), Rose F 10,266 (K), 269 (K), Dummer RA 3331 (US). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.1 Genus, 1 speciesAlsophilacamerooniana (Hook.) R.M.Tryon \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Afromontane mixed forest, by streams, 1500\u20132835 m. Vouchers: Kisalye N; van Heist M 535 (K). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Angola.2 Genera, 2 speciesHypolepisrugosulasubsp.viscida (Roxb.) Schwartsb. & J.Prado \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo zone, moorland, forest, 2700\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: St Helena, Bioko, Cameroon to E Central & E Tropical Africa, Madagascar.EXPteridiumaquilinum (L.) Kuhn \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 300\u20132600 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, N & NE Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Europe to Siberia and Iran.1 Genus, 1 speciesTrichomanesmelanotrichum Schltdl. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic or lithophytic herb. Habitat: Moist forest, on tree trunks, rocks, 1460\u20133050 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1953 (WAG), Dummer RA 3703 (NMNH), 3699, 3703 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius.1 Genus, 2 speciesOphioglossumpolyphyllum A.Braun ex Seub. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, montane grassland, forests, 1100\u20131350 m. Voucher: Faden & Evans 71/472 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World, Arizona to Texas and Mexico.Ophioglossumreticulatum L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, moist woodland, forest margin, 0\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1881 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0057 . Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.11 Genera, 18 speciesArachniodeswebbiana (A.Braun) Schelpe \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet forest, streamside, 1300\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 151 (S), Beentje HJ 1986 (US). Native distribution range: Madeira, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe to South Africa.Arthropterismonocarpa (Cordem.) C.Chr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist montane forest, near streams, bamboo zone, 1250\u20132450 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 797 (NHMUK), Schippers RR K 229 (WAG), Collector unknown 3679 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Arthropterisorientalis (Gmel.) Posth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist thickets, 900\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, W Indian Ocean, N Yemen.Dryopteristricellularis J.P.Roux \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, riverine, bamboo zone, 2075\u20133420 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 649 (US), 471 (US). Native distribution range: Kenya to UgandaElaphoglossumangulatum (Blume) T.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo, ericaceous zone, 2470\u20132600 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1277 (K). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Tropical & Subtropical Asia.Elaphoglossumaubertii (Desv.) T.Moore \u2013 Habit: epiphyte herb. Habitat: Montane forest, 1500\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Katende T; Sheil D 1075 (K), Dummer RA 3480 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Elaphoglossumdeckenii (Kuhn) C.Chr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, bamboo to ericaceous zone, 2200\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1278 (K), Wood GHS 270 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Elaphoglossumhybridum (Bory) T.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist montane forest, moorland, 2000\u20133600 m. Voucher: Hedberg O 904 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, R\u00e9union, Mauritius.Elaphoglossumsubcinnamomeum Hieron. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, ericaceous zone, 3000\u20133600 m. Voucher: Hedberg O 993 (K). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Kenya to Tanzania.Lepisorusexcavatus (Bory ex Willd.) Ching \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Moist montane forest, 2378\u20133050 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1276 (US), Schippers RR K 185 (WAG). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Loxogrammeabyssinica (Baker) M.G.Price \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry, wet forest, 1000\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Kisalye N; van Heist M 499 (K), Wesche K 630 (US), Tiyoy L 1243 (K), Eggeling W 2456 (US), Granvik H 365 (S). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, N Yemen.Melpomeneflabelliformis (Poir.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, moorland, bamboo zone, 2230\u20133500 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1217 (US), Molesworth-Allen BEG 3668 . Native distribution range: Mexico  to Tropical America, Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Nephrolepisbiserrata (Sw.) Schott \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist upland forest, 1000\u20131500 m. Voucher: Chater-Jack 25 in CM 5848 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Nephrolepisundulata J.Sm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, marshy grassland, bushland, forest, rocky cliffs, 750\u20132450 m. Voucher: Lugard 285 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Pleopeltismacrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Kaulf. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, riverine forest, bamboo forest, moorland, 1099\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1820 (US), Wesche K 553 (US), Bamps PRJ 6491 (BR), Szczepanek K 278 (BR), Molesworth-Allen BEG 3681 (US). Native distribution range: Mexico to S Tropical America, Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, S India, Sri Lanka.Polystichummagnificum F.Ballard \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, 3300\u20133750 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 965 (K), Wesche K 1419 (US). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to Tanzania.EXPolystichumsinense Christ \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist montane forest, streamsidde, bamboo zone, moorland, 2400\u20133800 m. Vouchers: RB Faden 71/464 (K), Granvik H 361 (S). Native distribution range: S Africa, Pakistan to China, Taiwan.Polystichumtransvaalense N.C.Anthony \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, bamboo zone, 1500\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tiyoy L 1241 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Kenya and S Africa.8 Genera, 12 speciesActiniopterissemiflabellata Pic.Serm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open bushland, woodland, 600\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1838 (K). Native distribution range: Africa to Nepal.Adiantumpoiretii Wikstr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, forest/bamboo boundary, 1625\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Schippers RR K 226 (WAG), Hedberg O 65 (K), Roscoe J sn (K), Brown EJ EA12489 (K), Tweedie 1883 (K), Tweedie 1883A (K), Wesche K 1360 (K). Native range: Tropical & Subtropical America, Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, W Indian Ocean, SW India, Sri Lanka.Anogrammaleptophylla (L.) Link \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest edges and slopes, moorland, 1500\u20133400 m. Vouchers: Lewin NH 304 (EA), Lye KA; Katende AB 6406 (K), Hamilton 6627 (MO), Irwin PH 304 (K), Snowden JD 512 (EA). Native distribution range: S Central Europe to Tropics & Subtropics.Coniogrammeafricana Hieron. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Stream sides, waterfall spray zones, 2134\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Katende T; Sheil D 359 (K), Katende; Sheil 1869 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.EXDoryopterisconcolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kuhn \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 1000\u20132300 m. Voucher: Tweedie 2435 (EA). Native distribution range: S Mexico to Tropical America.Haplopterisvolkensii (Hieron.) E.H.Crane \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Moist montane forest, 1750\u20132255 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 950 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Hemionitiscalomelanos (Sw.) Christenh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, rock crevices, 1350\u20132700 m. Voucher: Hemp A 5419 (US). Native distribution range: NE Spain, Ethiopia to S Africa, W Indian Ocean, Pakistan to China .Hemionitisfarinosa (Forssk.) Christenh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo zone, moorland, 2150\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ 295 (K), Hedberg O 178 897(K), Wesche K 1048 (US), Granvik H 359 (S), Gardner HM 1035 (K). Native distribution range: Mexico to Venezuela and Peru, Africa to Arabian Peninsula.Hemionitisquadripinnata (Forssk.) Christenh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside, banks, moist montane forests, bamboo zones, 1525\u20132890 m. Voucher: Sheil D; Katende T 775 (K), Wesche K 699 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, N Yemen.Hemionitisviridis (Forssk.) Christenh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock outcrop, bushland, shady riverines, forested areas, 650\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Katende T; Sheil D 630 (K), Tweedie 1831 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, W Indian Ocean, SW Arabian Peninsula.Pteriscretica L. \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Montane forest, 1500\u20132700 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Canary Islands (Gran Canaria), Ethiopia to S Africa, R\u00e9union, Madagascar, St Helena, Ascension, Socotra, Yemen, Mediterranean to Japan and Tropical Asia.Pterisfriesii Hieron.in Fries \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, swamps, bamboo zones, 1000\u20133050 m. Voucher: Taylor G 3415 (NHMUK). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.1 Genus, 5 speciesThelypterisbergiana (Schltdl.) Ching \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: By streams, rivers in moist montane forest, bamboo zones, 1800\u20132470 m. Voucher: Molesworth-Allen BEG 3680 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Thelypterisdentata E.P.St.John \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Along streams, moist forest, 2100 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World to Pacific.Thelypterisoppositiformis (C.Chr.in Bonap) Ching \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: By streams in Bamboo zone, ericaceous zone, montane forest, 1900\u20132950 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1302 (US). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Africa, Madagascar.EXThelypterispozoi (Lag.) Morton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo zone, moist montane forest, ericaceous zone, 2050\u20133350 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Azores, Madeira, SW France to Spain.Thelypterispulchra (Bory ex Willd.) Schelpe \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine forest 1465\u20132135 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Mpulamanga, W Indian Ocean.2 Genera, 2 speciesAthyriumschimperi Moug.; Fee \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest edge, among rocks in montane grasslands, 1820\u20133050 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1882 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Cystopterisfragilis (L.) Bernh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo zone, 1400\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1918 (US), Beentje HJ 1959 (WAG). Native distribution range: Cosmopolitan.1 Genus, 1 speciesJuniperusprocera Hochst. ex Endl. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Drier upland forest, 1800\u20132950 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 2025 (K), Snowden JD 930 (BR), 844 , Styles BT 292 (K), Lugard EJ; Lugard C 408 (K), Bamps PRJ 6511 , Thomas AS 2630 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to Zimbabwe, SW Arabian Peninsula.2 Genera, 3 speciesEXAfrocarpusfalcatus (Thunb.) C.N.Page \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 1250\u20132700 m. Vouchers: EA. Native distribution range: Malawi to S Africa.Afrocarpusgracilior (Pilg.) C.N.Page \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 1500\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Vesey-Fitzgerald in C.M 18617 (EA), Eggeling 2474 (EA), Wesche K 2024 (K), Bamps PRJ 6496 (WAG), Hedberg O 320 (K), Mwangangi OM 429 (BR), Styles BT 269 (BR), Eggeling WJ 2479 (BR), 2474 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Podocarpusmilanjianus Rendle \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Upland forest, 1500\u20133350m. Vouchers: Wesche K 616 (K), Katende T; Sheil D 325 (K), Wood GHS 914 (K), Snowden JD 964 , Dummer RA 3623 (US), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0229 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to S Sudan and S Tropical Africa.1 Genus, 1 speciesAlismaplantago-aquatica L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, streamside, 1450\u20132340 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 730 (EA). Native distribution range: Temperate Eurasia, North Africa to Tanzania4 Genera, 6 speciesAmmocharisangolensis (Baker) Milne-Redh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Lugard 421 (EA), Snowden JD 1015 (K), 1055 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Angola.*Boophonedisticha Herb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky grassland, 1280\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: SE South Sudan to S AfricaCrinumkirkii Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushlands, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to Mozambique.Crinummacowanii Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grasslands, 1630\u20132310 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 827 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Seychelles.EXCrinumzeylanicum (L.) L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, riverine, old cultivations, 1000\u20131900 m. Voucher: Wahlstrom 3 (EA). Native distribution range: Seychelles, SW India, Sri Lanka.Scadoxusmultiflorus (Martyn) Raf. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, grassland, 1750\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 846 (EA), Holm \u00c5 20 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to SW Arabian Peninsula.3 Genera, 5 speciesAmorphophallusabyssinicus (A.Rich.) N.E.Br. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grasslands, marshland, 1000\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Lugard 581, Tweedie 2591 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Arisaemaenneaphyllum Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest edges, bamboo zone, 2300\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1167 (K), Tweedie 1167B (2/3) (K), Tweedie EM 1167A (K), Osmaston 4010 (EA), Hedberg 1056 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0032 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Uganda, Yemen.Arisaemamildbraedii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist montane forest, bamboo zone, 1400\u20132620 m. Vouchers: EjJ & C Lugard (EA), Snowden JD 895 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0045, 0101 . Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Arisaemaschimperianum Schott \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E DR Congo.Sauromatumvenosum (Aiton) Kunth \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist woodland, riverine forest, 230(1000)\u20132140 m. Vouchers: Chater-Jack 245 (K), Major EJ; Lugard C 580 (K), Anderson 2773 (K). Native distribution range: Upland areas of Africa and Asia10 Genera, 34 speciesAlbucaabyssinica Jacq. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, 0010\u20132500 m. Voucher: Polhill 399 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Albucavirens (Lindl.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open woodland, seasonally wet grassland, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 511 (K), Polhill, R 415 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Anthericumangustifolium Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grasses, seasonally waterlogged soils, 1800\u20132850 m. Vouchers: Naiga; Katende 700 (K), Symes 358 (K), Major EJ; Lugard C 592 (K), Irwin PH Mrs 69 (K), Tweedie 3449 (K), Chater-Jack 264 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Kenya.Asparagusafricanus Lam. \u2013 Habit: Erect or climbing woody shrub. Habitat: Forest, woody bushes, grassland, 100\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3737 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, W India.EXAsparagusasiaticus L. \u2013 Habit: Scrambling or woody climbing shrub. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: India.Asparagusasparagoides (L.) Druce \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: woodland, dry forest, forest margin, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1311 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to S Africa.Asparagusbuchananii Baker \u2013 Habit: Scrambling or woody climbing shrub. Habitat: Grassland, wooded grassland, thickets, woodland, 150\u20132250 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1064 . Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to S Africa.Asparagusflagellaris Baker \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, 500\u20131000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Arabian Peninsula.Asparagusracemosus Willd. \u2013 Habit: Scrambling or woody climbing shrub. Habitat: Forest margins, bushlands, 800\u20132900 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1036 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to N Australia.BowieavolubilisHarv. ex Hook.f.subsp.volubilis \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Uganda to S Africa.Bowieavolubilis Harv. ex Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen bushland, rocky woodland, 1680\u20132320 m. Vouchers: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0153 . Native distribution range: Uganda to S Africa.Chlorophytumaffinevar.curviscapum (Poelln.) Hanid \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Raymer 611 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Yemen.Chlorophytumafricanumvar.silvaticum (Dammer) Meerts \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, rock outcrop, open woodlad, 1800\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Chlorophytumblepharophyllum Schweinf. ex Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, rocky outcrops, 1500\u20132450 m. Voucher: Polhill RM 413 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Chlorophytumcameronii (Baker) Kativu \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, rocky slopes, 1675\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Symes 373 (EA), Rayner WR 544 (EA), Lugard EJ 2804 (EA), Jack C 253 (EA), Padwa JH 22 (EA), Tweedie EM 5452 (EA), Adamson J 508 (508). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Chlorophytumcomosum (Thunb.) Jacques \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, outcrop rock, 1800\u20133000 m. Voucher: Lugard EJ; Lugard C 629 (K). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Cameroon, Ethiopia to S Africa.Chlorophytumgallabatense Schweinf. ex Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, open woodland, 750\u20132439 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1998 (K), Polhill RM 410 (BR), Tweedie DR 1354 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to Namibia.Chlorophytumpolystachys Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, open woodland, 1750\u20132900 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 1354 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Chlorophytumsubpetiolatum (Baker) Kativu \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132450 m. Voucher: Polhill 398 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Chlorophytumviridescens Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock outcrops, grassland, riverbanks, 1750\u20132700 m. Voucher: Polhill 410 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, E Tropical Africa.Dracaenaafromontana Mildbr. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Moist forest, bamboo forest, 1600\u20133200 m. Vouchers: Lye KA; Pocs T 23128 (K), Dummer RA 3604 (K), Snowden JD 804 , Tiyoy LM 1280 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0175 . Native distribution range: South Sudan (Imatong Mountains) to Malawi.Dracaenaconspicua (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1441 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Tropical Africa.Dracaenafragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, near streams, 600\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Jackson THE 338 (K)? Jack? 5195 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Dracaenafrequens (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, rocky sites, secondary grassland, 50\u20132600 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1441 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Dracaenasteudneri Engl. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Moist forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Jack C 427 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Drimiaaltissima (L.f.) Ker Gawl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Lugard EJ; Lugard C 558 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Drimiacongesta Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, rocky outcrop, moorland, 2800\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ; Lugard C 474 (K), Thoma AS 2628 (MO). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya.*Drimiaelata Jacq. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, grassland, 1250\u20132500 m. Vouchers: O\u2019Brien (EA), Lugard EJ; Lugard C 563 (K). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Africa.Drimiaporphyrantha (Bullock) Stedje \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 2000\u20132300 m. Voucher: Lugard EJ; Lugard C 556 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya.*Eriospermumabyssinicum Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet rocky grassland, 2000\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Eriospermumtriphyllum Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 906 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Ledebouriarevoluta (L.f.) Jessop \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, bushland, grassland, woodland, 1800\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, India, Sri Lanka.Ornithogalumgracillimum R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 2000\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Polhill RM 406 , Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0110 . Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to Kenya.EXOrnithogalumgussonei Ten. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, woodland, swampy regions, 1000\u20133000 m. Voucher: Polhill 415 (EA). Native distribution range: Italy, Greece to SW Turkey.3 Genera, 7 speciesAloeelgonica Bullock \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grass covered slopes, rock pockets, 1980\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2406 (EA), Tweedie EM 343 (K), Brandham 98 (MO), Brandham PE; Cutler DF 11 (K), Lugard 299 (K), Brandham PE; Cutler DF 94 (K), Reynolds GW 8003 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0089 . Native distribution range: Kenya (Mt Elgon).**Aloewilsonii Reynolds \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky slopes, cliffs, 1525\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 1424 (K), Reynolds 9041 (K). Native distribution range: N Uganda to NW Kenya.*Aloewollastonii Rendle \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132285 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 322 (EA), Irwin PH 355 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central Tropical Africa.*Bulbineabyssinica A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, outcrop rock, 2000\u20133200 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O (UPS), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0107 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, Yemen.Kniphofiagrantii Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp grassland, 750\u20132700 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 847 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Zambia.Kniphofiathomsonii Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, bushland, grassland, marshy grounds, 1900\u20133960 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 4467 (EA), Snowden JD 944 (EA), Wright CH 5455 (EA), Lugard EJ 83 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0149 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Tanzania.Kniphofiathomsoniivar.snowdenii (C.H.Wright) Marais \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, bushland, 2100\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2284 (EA), Hedberge 4467 (EA), Tweedie 1279 (EA), Snowden JL 437 (K). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya.**4 Genera, 5 speciesEXAndrocymbiummelanthioides Willd. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Zimbabwe to S Africa.Colchicumstriatum (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) J.C.Manning & Vinn. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock outcrop, evergreen woodland, bushland, grassland, 1500\u20133480 m. Voucher: Symes 378 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Gloriosasuperba L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, outcrop rock, woodland, evergreen forests and bushlands, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Cheseny CM 9 (BR), Lindblom G sn (S). Native distribution range: Widespread in tropical and southern Africa and in tropical Asia.Wurmbeatenuis (Hook.f.) Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forests, 2000\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Hamilton A; Wendelbo P 6616 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0144 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Wurmbeatenuissubsp.hamiltonii (Wendelbo) B.Nord. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, rock outcrop, 2000\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Hamilton A; Wendelbo P 6616 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0020 , Tweedie 575 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.*4 Genera, 27 speciesAneilemahirtum A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132050 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 76B,175 (EA), Tweedie EM 464 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zambia.Aneilemaleiocaule K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland Forest, forest edges, 1000\u20132750 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 752 (K). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to E DR Congo.Aneilemaminutiflorum Faden \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane, riverine forest, 1800\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Lewis WH 5973 (US), Hemp A 5442 (US), Wesche K 1965 (US). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.*Aneilemaspekei C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, grassland, woodland, roadsides, 700\u20131800 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 759, 1885, (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zambia.Commelinaafricana L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, weed in disturbed places, 300\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 785 (K), Wesche K 568 (K). Native distribution range: Africa, Arabian Peninsula.EXCommelinaafricanavar.krebsiana (Kunth) C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper Forest edge, 3000\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Lind EM 460 (K), Tweedie 1392 (K). Native distribution range: S Tropical & S Africa, Comoros.Commelinabenghalensis L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, woodland, moist grassland, cultivation, 010\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 787 (K), Lewis WH 5961 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Commelinadiffusa Burm.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, swamps, forest clearings, caltivations, 1750\u20133400 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1853 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Commelinaecklonianasubsp.echinosperma (K.Schum.) Faden \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky grassland, 1050\u20132050 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1350, 3444 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zambia.Commelinaerectasubsp.erecta \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, outcrop rock, 550\u20131500 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 4165 (EA). Native distribution range: America, Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Commelinakitaleensis Faden \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, seasonally wet grassland, forest edge, 1800\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Irwin 146 (EA), Tweedie EM EM; Faden RB; Evans A 69/715 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya (E Mt Elgon).**Commelinalatifolia Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, among rocks, forests, 1100\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Faden RB & Evans AJ 69/714 (US). Native distribution range: Congo to Ethiopia and N Tanzania, SW Arabian Peninsula.Commelinapurpurea C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, woodlands, forest edge, outcrop rock, 1800\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Lugard 145 (K), Wesche K 1507 (US), Faden RB & Evans AJ 69/737B (US), Lewis WH 5960 (US), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0023 . Native distribution range: Congo to South Sudan and Tanzania.Commelinareptans Brenan \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, seasonally moist grasslands, 1800\u20132550 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to Burundi and N Tanzania.Commelinaschweinfurthii C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: grassland, rocky araes, swamps, forests edges, roadside, 1750\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Lewis WH 5974, Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0022 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Commelinaschweinfurthiisubsp.schweinfurthii \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ; Lugard C 549 (K), Tweedie 786 (K), Lewis WH 5974 (US), Faden RB & Evans AJ 69/717 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Commelinasubulata Roth \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, rock outcrop, wet grasslands, bushlands, 1750\u20132300 m. Voucher: Lewis WH 5975 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, S India.Commelinatriangulispatha Mildbr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist roadside banks, damp pastures, wooded grasslands and woodland, 1650\u20132300 m. Voucher: Thomas 414 (EA). Native distribution range: DR Congo to E Tropical Africa.Cyanotisarachnoidea C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: outcrop rock, 1800\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0027, SAJIT-PR 0128 . Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Tanzania, India to Taiwan.Cyanotiscaespitosa Kotschy & Peyr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, rock outcrop, 2150\u20132600 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Cyanotisfoecunda DC. ex Hassk. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock near rivers, bushland, woodlands, occasionally in swampy places, 1800\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 3466 (K), Lewis WH 5964 (US). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and N Botswana, Arabian Peninsula.Cyanotislanata Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132150 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 782 (K), Lewis WH 5976 (US), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0142 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Cyanotislongifolia Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, grassland, bamboo clumps, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Stein W Bie (UPS). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to NE Namibia.Cyanotispaludosa Brenan \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Marshes, open grassland., 1100\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 3655 (EA), Faden RB & Evans AJ 69/716 (US). Native distribution range: DR Congo to E Tropical Africa.Cyanotisvaga (Lour.) Schult. & Schult.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest edge clearing, moorland, rock outcrop, 1650\u20134150 m. Vouchers: Tweedie Mrs 1420, 1351 (K), Wesche K 1800, 1655 (US), Dummer RA 3383 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, Himalaya to W Malesia.Murdanniasemiteres  Santapau \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 926 (K), Tweedie EM 161 (K). Native distribution range: Uganda to Zambia, Iran to Indo-China.Murdanniasimplex (Vahl) Brenan \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, woodland, 1750\u20132200 m. Vouchers: Lind EM 450 (EA), Tweedie EM 161 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, Tropical & Subtropical Asia to N. Australia.7 Genera, 59 speciesAbildgaardiaovata (Burm.f.) Kral \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 0\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Bulbostylisatrosanguinea C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Afroalpine grassland, rocky moorland, 2000\u20133700 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1369 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Angola, Yemen.Bulbostyliscongolensis De Wild. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, rocky outcrops, 1050\u20131400 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Bulbostylisdensasubsp.afromontana (Lye) R.W.Haines \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest, 1200\u20132600 m. Voucher: Lind EM 271 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Bulbostylisglaberrima K\u00fck. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland rocks, 3000\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 4545 (EA), Hamilton 233 (EA). Native distribution range: E Uganda to W Central Kenya.*Bulbostylisoligostachys C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet rocks, wooded grassland, 1800\u20132500 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1422 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Angola.Bulbostylispilosa (Willd.) Cherm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Flooded wooded grassland, bushland, 1\u20131400 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Carexbequaertii De Wild. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet montane, alpine grasslands, 2000\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1208 (EA), Haines W 4165 (K), Lugard C; Verdcourt B 482 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Carexcastanostachya K.Schum. ex K\u00fck. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist Forest, bamboo thickets, 1850\u20132050 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya (Taita Hills) to Tanzania.Carexconferta Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, bamboo forest, moorland, upland forest, 2250\u20133650 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 77 (K), 1939 (K), Mwangangi OM 364 (BR), Hedberg O 1034 (K), Dummer RA 3461 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Carexechinochloe Kunze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland edges, grasslands, bamboo, marshes, 900\u20132750 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Bioko to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Carexelgonensis Nelmes \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Heath zones, bamboo forest, 2400\u20133650 m. Voucher: Adamson J 493 , Hedberg 4555 (EA), Wesche K 1170 (EA), Bogdan A 5409 (K), George Taylor 3474 (NHMUK), Lye, Katende & Swinscow 5741 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Mt Elgon).**Carexerythrorrhiza Boeckeler \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Streamside, heath zone, rock outcrops, 2400\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Bogdan 5425A, 5425B (EA), Thomas AS 2667 (EA), Wesche K 1947 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E DR Congo and N Tanzania.Carexfischeri K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist Forest, Hagenia and bamboo zone, 21500\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3465 , Lisowski S 10936 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central and E Tropical Africa.Carexjohnstonii Boeckeler \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 2200\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2266 (EA), Bogdan A 4130 (K), Smith SAL 185 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Carexlycurussubsp.scabrida (K\u00fck.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, riverine montane forest, 2350\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Haines 4154 (EA), Bogdan 3935 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, E Central, Tropical Africa (Mountains).Carexmannii E.A.Bruce \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps in upland forest, 2450\u20133100 m. Vouchers: Liebenberg L 1708 (US), Dummer RA 3459 (US). Native distribution range: Bioko, SW Cameroon, Ethiopia to Burundi and Kenya.Carexmonostachya A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine bushland, forest, moorland, upper bamboo forest, 2700\u20134321 m. Voucher: Hedberg 127 (K). Native distribution range: N Ethiopia to Tanzania (Mt Kilimanjaro).Carexpetitiana A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, bamboo forest, grassland, heath by streams, 2400\u20133450 m. Vouchers: Wood G 121 (EA), Bogdan A 4088 (K), 5388 (K), 4129, Hedberg O 192 (K), 192 (K), Haines W 4164 (K), Trelawny BR 4343 (K), Mwangangi OM 373 (BR). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Cameroon, Ethiopia to Zimbabwe.Carexrunssoroensis K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, 2700\u20134100 m. Vouchers: Liebenberg L sn (US), Dummer RA 3361 (US), Bogdan 3934, 5413 (EA), Haines 4156 (EA). Native distribution range: NE DR Congo to Kenya (Mountains).*Carexsimensis Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, montane forest, moorland, 1850\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Lugard 680 (EA), Herdberg 1043 (EA), Wesche K 1809 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E DR Congo.Carexsteudneri Boeckeler \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, montane bushlands, bamboo zone, rock crevices, woodland, 2300\u20133050 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Cyperusalatussubsp.albus (Nees) Lye \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry bushlands, 500\u20132500 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Seychelles.Cyperusalbosanguineus K\u00fck. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonally wet grassland, moorland, seepages in rock crevices, 1550\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Granvik H 323 (S), Wood G 146 (EA), Hedberg O 43 (K). Native distribution range: South Sudan to E Tropical Africa.Cyperusamauropus Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry rocky grassland, 500\u20132000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Zimbabwe, Arabian Peninsula.Cyperusaromaticus (Ridl.) Mattf. & K\u00fck. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Streamside, forest margin, wet grassland, 1950\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Cyperusassimilis Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Streamside, seasonal pools, rock outcrops, 250\u20132100 m. Voucher: Lind EM 236 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Madagascar.Cyperusboreochrysocephalus Lye \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry wooded grassland, 1000\u20132200 m. Voucher: Mabberley 1128 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to NW Tanzania.*Cyperusbracheilema (Steud.) Mattf. & K\u00fck. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, 1500\u20133400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania, S Africa.Cyperusbrevifolius (Rottb.) Endl. ex Hassk. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, forest margins, 1600\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Cyperuscostatus Mattf. & K\u00fck. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry rocky grassland, 1250\u20132900 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S. Tropical Africa.Cyperuscyperoides (L.) Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 100\u20132200 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa to Pacific.Cyperusderreilema Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist montane forest, bamboo forest, along streams, 2100\u20133050 m. Voucher: Wesche K 627 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi.Cyperusdistans L.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist site, streamside in forest edges, cultivation, 1800\u20132100 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Cyperuselegantulus Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, riverine edges, moist forest margins, 1100\u20133050 m. Voucher: Beentje HJ 1961 (WAG). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to Arabian Peninsula.Cyperusfischerianus Schimp. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist montane, riverine forest, 1750\u20132650 m. Voucher: Lye & Katende 6410 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Tropical Africa.Cyperusisolepis (Nees ex Arn.) Bauters \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1750\u20132000 m. Voucher: Gilbert & Mesfin 6549 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Cyperuskarisimbiensis (Cherm.) K\u00fck. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, alpine streamsides, 1850\u20133050 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical African Mountains.*Cyperuskerstenii Boeckeler \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine moor, montane grassland, 2500\u20133600 m. Voucher: Lye 5750 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to E Tropical African Mountains.*Cyperusluteus Boeckeler \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest plantation, 2400\u20133600 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: SW Cameroon, Gabon, Uganda to Malawi, W Indian Ocean.Cyperusmapanioides C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest paths, 900\u20131800 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Cyperusmaranguensis K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, swampy grasslands, cultivations, 800\u20132150 m. Voucher: Lye & Katende 6423 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to Tanzania.Cyperusmelanospermus (Nees) Valck.Sur. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, streamside, 1000\u20132000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Old World.Cyperusmicroaureus Lye \u2013 Habit: clustered annual. Habitat: Bushlands, wet rocky outcrops, grassland, 1750\u20131950 m. Voucher: fide Haine & Lye,Napper (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zambia.Cyperusmollipes K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grasslands, 2100\u20132750 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Central African Republic to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa, India to Thailand.Cyperusniveus Retz. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland in rocky pockets, 100\u20132200 m. Voucher: Hedberg O 813 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical and S Africa to S Central China.Cyperusniveusvar.leucocephalus (Kunth) Fosberg \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry grassland, recently burnt areas, 0\u20132100 m. Voucher: Dale IR 4117 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Aldabra, S Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula.Cyperusplateilema (Steud.) K\u00fck. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Mountain grassland, giant heath zones, roadside, moist forest, 1750\u20133650 m. Vouchers: Bogdan 5398 (EA), Wesche K 544 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Tanzania, Yemen (J Ta\u2019kar).Cyperusplatycaulis Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet areas, swamps in bamboo zone, 1000\u20133000 m. Voucher: Naiga 419 (EA). Native distribution range: Chad to South Africa, Madagascar.Cyperusrigidifolius Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, bushlands, wet grassland, 1800\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1030 (EA), Dummer RA 3627 (US), Padwa JH 31 (WAG). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Cyperusrubicundus Vahl \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, rocky wooded grassland, 0\u20132300 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Africa to India, Lesser Sunda Islands to N Australia.Cyperussesquiflorus(Torr.)Mattf. & K\u00fck.subsp.sesquiflorus \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper forest levels, 1300\u20133300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Cyperususitatus Burch. ex Roem. & Schult. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky slopes and outcrop, flooded grassland, 800\u20132150 m. Voucher: Lye & Katende 6422 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Ficiniagracilis Schrad. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, moorland, alpine grassland, 2400\u20134321 m. Voucher: Smith, Beentje & Muasya 179 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to S Africa.Isolepiscostata Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, stream banks, seepage area, 1700\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Lisowski S 10799 (EA), Dummer RA 3543 (US). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, Madagascar.Isolepisfluitans (L.) R.Br. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, on or in shallow water, bog, 1200\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3501 (US), Hedberg O (UPS). Native distribution range: Old World.Isolepisgraminoides (R.W.Haines & Lye) Lye \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine bogs, 3200\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Hamilton 1418, 4319, Forbes 277 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa .**Isolepissetacea R.Br. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet open grassland, 2400\u20133800 m. Vouchers: Haines 4151, Dummer RA 3494 . Native distribution range: Temperate & Subtropical Eurasia, Africa.Scleriawoodii C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, 1000\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Lugard C Mrs 667B, 667A (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.1 Genus, 2 speciesDioscoreaquartiniana A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Climber. Habitat: Bushland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1404 (EA), Snowden JD 520, 910 (K), Lugard C 674 (K), Lye KA; P\u00f3cs T 23134 (K), Tweedie DR O 205 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Dioscoreaschimperiana Hochst. ex Kunth \u2013 Habit: Twinning herb. Habitat: Forest margin, wooded grassland, riverine forest, 1600\u20132150 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1839 (K), 2845 (K) 2847 (K), Irwin PH 185 (K), Jack C 274 (K), Coll S 453 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.1 Genus, 3 speciesEriocaulonabyssinicum Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Mist zone of waterfall, wet grassland, 1650\u20132750 m. Vouchers: Lind EM 247 (EA), Wood 446 (EA). Native distribution range: N. Nigeria to Eritrea and S Africa, Madagascar.Eriocaulonmesanthemoides Ruhland \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper edge of forest, montane grassland, moorland, 2400\u20133150 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to Malawi.Eriocaulonschimperi K\u00f6rn. ex Ruhland \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Afroalpine grassland, bamboo zone, 2440\u20133500 m. Voucher: Hooper SS & Townsend CC 1392 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi.3 Genera, 3 speciesLagarosiphonhydrilloides Rendle \u2013 Habit: Aquatic herb. Habitat: Still or flowing fresh water, 1650\u20133500 m. Voucher: Lugard EJ; Lugard C 534 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya to Uganda.**EXNajaspectinata Magnus \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Senegal to Sinai.Otteliaulvifolia (Planch.) Walp. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wetland, streams, 1750\u20132700 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.1 Genus, 4 speciesHypoxisangustifolia Lam. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1300\u20133000 m. Voucher: Hedberg O (UPS). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean, SW Arabian Peninsula.Hypoxisfischeri Pax \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, wooded grassland, 1500\u20132600 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 822 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, S Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Hypoxisobtusa Burch. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, swamp edges, 1750\u20132750 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Uganda to S Africa.EXHypoxisvillosa L.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Burnt grassland, 1700\u20132300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: S Africa.8 Genera, 17 speciesAristeaabyssinica Pax ex Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, upper edge of forest, grassland, 1400\u20133800 m. Voucher: Mwangangi OM 363 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Aristeaalata Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grass glades, forest edges, bamboo edge, 1800\u20133500 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0125 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Aristeaangolensis Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, 1700\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Dieramacupuliflorum Klatt \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, heath, 2000\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Adamson J 451 (K), Ludanga RI 337 (K), Dummer RA 3315 (EA), Tothill BH 2422 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0136 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Malawi.EXDieramapendulum Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, 3150\u20134321 m. Voucher: Svein Manum (O). Native distribution range: South Africa.Dietesiridioides (L.) Sweet ex Klatt \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Thickets, riverine forests, 1500\u20132300 m. Voucher: Tweedie 165 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Freesialaxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky Mountain slopes, forest margin, 1800\u20132000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: W Kenya to S Africa.Gladiolusdalenii Van Geel \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet upland grassland, 1750\u20133100 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, SW Arabian Peninsula.Gladiolusdichrous (Bullock) Goldblatt \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rocks on cliffs, 2000\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Saunders & Hancock 34 (EA), Lankester CH sn (K). Native distribution range: South Sudan to W Kenya.Hesperanthapetitiana Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Subalpine, alpine grassland, 1800\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 42, 9, 121 (EA), Bickford N 53, 34 (EA), J. Wilson 1196 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to Zimbabwe.Moraeaafro-orientalis Goldblatt \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grasslands, 1400\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Friis I; Hansen OJ 2568 , Lugard EJ; Lugard C 573 (K), Adamson J 513 (K), Wesche K 1318 (K), Bridson DM 64 (K), Polhill 411 (K). Native distribution range: South Sudan to E Tropical Africa.*EXMoraeacarsonii Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open short grassland, outcrop rock, 1600\u20132400 m. Voucher: Polhill R 411 (K). Native distribution range: Sudan to W Botswana.Moraeastricta Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky grasslands, 1600\u20133000 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0021 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.EXMoraeavegeta L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: South Africa.Romuleacamerooniana Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, upper edge forest, wet grassland and subalpine stony soils, 1750\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon, S Ethiopia to S Africa.Romuleacongoensis B\u00e9g. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine grassland, mossy seeps, 3300\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Hamilton & Perrott 30 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Rwanda.Romuleafischeri Pax \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet upland and subalpine stony grassland, 2700\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 2051 (K), Snowden JD 470 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0108, SAJIT-PR 0126 . Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa to Uganda, Socotra, SW Arabian Peninsula.2 Genera, 6 speciesJuncuscapitatus Weigel \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Ephemeral wetland, 4000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Europe to Kazakhstan, Macaronesia, Mediterranean to Kenya, Cameroon, S Africa.Juncusdregeanus Kunth \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine forest, streamside, moor grassland, bog, 2900\u20133400 m. Vouchers: Lye KA, Katende A & Swinscow D (UPS). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Sudan and S Africa.Juncuseffusus L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland marshes, 1500\u20133300 m. Voucher: Hedberg 180 (EA). Native distribution range: Temperate Northern Hemisphere to W South America, Rwanda to S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Luzulaabyssinica Parl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet alpine forest, streamside, seepages, 2000\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Bogdan 4139, Ekkens DB 623 (EA), Mwangangi OM 350 (EA), Svein Manum 44 (O). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E & E Central Tropical Africa.Luzulajohnstonii Buchenau \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine wet grasslands, 2400\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 213 (EA), Dummer RA 3548 (EA), Bogdan A 4128 (EA), Hedberg O 975 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Luzulamanniisubsp.gracilis (S.Carter) Kirschner & Cheek \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, wet places, by streams, moorland, 2700\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 186 (EA), Dummer RA 3545 (EA), Liebenberg 1704 (EA), Wood GHS 126 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Mt Elgon).**31 Genera, 114 speciesAerangisluteoalba Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Moist shady forest, woodland, 1500\u20132330 m. Voucher: Gerh. Lindblom (S). Native distribution range: W Central & E Tropical Africa to Ethiopia.Aerangisthomsonii Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Upland Forest, woodland, forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 809 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 468 (EA), (K), Tweedie 30 (K). Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Aerangisugandensis Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest trees, 1330\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 879 . Native distribution range: E DR Congo to Kenya.Angraecopsisgracillima (Rolfe) Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Woodland, evergreen forest, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 505 (EA), Snowden JD 202 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Zambia.EXAngraecopsistenerrima Kraenzl. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tanzania.Angraecumerectum Summerh. \u2013 Habit: sub-epiphytic herb. Habitat: Riverine Forest, 1350\u20132350 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to Zambia.Angraecumsacciferum Lindl. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Shady Forest, 1650\u20132650 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 178 (EA), Tweedie EM 463 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0010 . Native distribution range: S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 to Kenya and S Africa.Anselliaafricana Lindl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland on rocks, tree roots, 1750\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 12962 (EA), Snowden JD 942 (EA), Tweedie EM 553 (BR), Laan FM van der 1031 (WAG). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.EXArachnisflos-aeris (L.) Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest, 1000 m. Voucher: Adamson J (6) (EA). Native distribution range: S Indo-China to W Malesia and Phillipines.Bonateasteudneri T.Durand & Schinz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest on rocks, Bushland, 1700\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: NE Sudan to South Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Brachycorythiskalbreyeri Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine Forest, upland rain forest, 1800\u20132350 m. Voucher: Bush RZ 244 (EA). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Kenya and Zambia.Brachycorythisovata Lindl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1200\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 877 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Brachycorythisovatasubsp.schweinfurthii (Rchb.f.) Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 8 (EA). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Brachycorythispleistophylla Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and edges of deciduous woodland, 2000\u20132700 m. Voucher: Chater-Jack 847 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Brachycorythispubescens Harv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, woodland, 2000\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 14 (K), Snowden JD 928 (AMES). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Bulbophyllumcochleatum Lindl. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Shady Forest, 1450\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 940 (EA), Tweedie 47 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Bulbophyllumintertextum Lindl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist and riverine forest, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles.EXBulbophyllumjosephivar.mahonii (Rolfe) J.J.Verm. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Montane forest, 850\u20132100 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 923 (EA). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Malawi.Cynorkisanacamptoides Kraenzl. \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Upland moorland, grassland, upland rain forest, 2250\u20133350 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 247 (EA), Tweedie 69/58 (EA), Tweedie EM 1191 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Cyrtorchisarcuata Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Woodland, wet savanna, open forest, 1750\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Symes YE 357 (EA), Chater-Jack 225 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 565 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0005 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Diaphananthelorifolia Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest, 1830\u20132330 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD sn (NMHUK). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Rwanda and Tanzania.Diaphanantheodoratissima (Rchb.f.) P.J.Cribb & Carlsward \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest trees, 1500\u20132430 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 31 (EA), Chater-Jack 36 (EA), Laan, FM van der 1066 (WAG). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Diaphananthesarcophylla (Schltr. ex Prain) P.J.Cribb & Carlsward \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Montane Forest, 1500\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 880 (EA), Tweedie 559 (EA), Tweedie EM 482 (K). Native distribution range: Central & E Tropical Africa.Diaphananthevesicata (Lindl.) P.J.Cribb & Carlsward \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Montane moist forest, 350\u20132200 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 2481 (K). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Tanzania.Disaaconitoides Sond. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 2300\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 12954 (EA), Chater-Jack 244 (EA), Tweedie 66/147 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 594 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Disaaconitoidessubsp.concinna (N.E.Br.) H.P.Linder \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: wet savanna, woodland, 1450\u20132850 m. Vouchers: Chater-Jack 244 (EA), Snowden JD 1086 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Disaerubescens Rendle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grasslands, 1500\u20132850 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 66/148 (EA), Dale IR 3135 (AMES). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Disahircicornis Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 572 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Disascutellifera A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp grassland, grassy rocky slopes, 1800\u20132700 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 12953 (EA). Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa.Disastairsii Kraenzl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine grassland, moorland, rocky areas 3000\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 5446 (EA), 3 (EA), Adamson J 464 (EA), Tweedie EM 1807A (K). Native distribution range: Congo to E Tropical Africa.Disawelwitschii Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp grasslands, 1700\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Lindblom, S s.n. (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Disperisanthoceros Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen forest, bamboo forests on ground litter, 1800\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 560 (EA), Tweedie EM 2852(K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Disperisdicerochila Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moist forest in leaf litter, mossy branches, rocks, 1650\u20132830 m. Voucher: Sellow, Miss (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Disperiskilimanjarica Rendle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dense shade forest on branches covered with moss and liverworts, 2300\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 920 . Native distribution range: Kenya to Zambia.Disperisreichenbachiana Welw. ex Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest floor on leaf mould, rock crevices, 1500\u20132330 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 9 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0012 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.EXEpidendrumibaguense Kunth \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1300\u20131750 m. Voucher: Webster MVB 9025 (EA). Native distribution range: Colombia to Trinidad and W Bolivia.Epipactisafricana Rendle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverbanks in forest, bamboo forest, 2330\u20133750 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 149 (EA), Napper DM & Irwin D 1495 (EA), Mwangangi OM 426 (K), Tweedie EM 1091 . Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to N Mozambique.Epipogiumroseum Lindl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Leaf mold in wet forest floor, 1300\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie (Icon). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to SW Pacific.Eulophiacucullata (Afzel. ex Sw.) Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1750\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Webster MVB 9037 (EA), Chater-Jack 231 (EA), Tweedie 67/57 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 596 (EA), Tweedie EM 5 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Eulophiaeustachya (Rchb.f.) Geerinck \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, 1650\u20132000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zimbabwe.Eulophiaguineensis Lindl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, woodland, 1800\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2586, 67/42 (EA), Tweedie DR 1 (EA), Chater-Jack 226 (EA). Native distribution range: Cape Verde, Tropical Africa to Botswana, Arabian Peninsula.Eulophiahorsfallii (Bateman) Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open Forest, riverine, outcrop rock, 1500\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 816 (EA), Symes YE 629 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Eulophialatilabris Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonally wet grassland, 1300\u20131600 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 876 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Sudan and Botswana.Eulophialivingstoneana (Rchb.f.) Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1500\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Chater-Jack 230 (EA), 3314 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Eulophiamechowii T.Durand & Schinz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, wooded grassland, 2000\u20132350 m. Voucher: Lugard 634 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to W Ethiopia and S Africa.Eulophiamontis-elgonis Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland among rocks, 2000\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Dale IR 3109 (EA), Irwin PH 285 (EA), Tweedie 91 (EA), Chater-Jack 275 (EA), Lugard EJ 663 (EA) (K). Native distribution range: S Sudan to Tanzania.Eulophiaodontoglossa Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, rocky areas, 1750\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 620 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Eulophiaorthoplectra (Rchb.f.) Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, wooded grassland, swamp woodland, 1200\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Lugard 11 (EA), Gardner HM 2277 (EA), Chater-Jack 96 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Eulophiaruwenzoriensis Rendle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1650\u20132530 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to Zambia, E Bolivia to Brazil and NE Argentina.Eulophiastreptopetala Lindl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, bush, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Chater-Jack 87 (EA), 159 (EA), Tweedie DR 4 (EA), Tweedie 66/149 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Eulophiasubulata Rendle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, seasonally wet grassland, 1100\u20131700 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to Angola.Habenariaaltior Rendle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, streams, forest, 2000\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 425 (EA), 429 (EA), Tweedie EM 727 (K), Tweedie 1266 (K). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Habenariaattenuata Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist upland forest, moorland, 2400\u20134000 m. Voucher: Tweedie 360 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Cameroon and Tanzania SW Arabian Peninsula.Habenariabracteosa Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Mountain forest, 2500\u20134000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 537 (K). Native distribution range: Bioko to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Habenariachirensis Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, swamps, wet rocks outcrop, 1850\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Chater-Jack 302 (EA), Symes YE 395 (EA), Tweedie 66/145 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Habenariacornuta Lindl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1700\u20132700 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 523 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Habenariadecorata Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock outcrop, upland moor, 2200\u20133300 m. Voucher: Thomas AS 642 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Uganda.Habenariafilicornis Lindl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp areas, grassland, woodland, 1200\u20132850 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 395(N19) (EA), Tweedie EM 321 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Habenariahologlossa Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp grassland, open bushland, 1750\u2013 3300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 469 (EA), Tweedie DR 201 (EA), 209 (EA), Tweedie EM 323 (EA), 324 (EA), 325 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya, Malawi, Angola.Habenariaholubii Rolfe \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, streamside, 1200\u20132300 m. Voucher: Chater-Jack 301 A (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to Namibia.Habenariahuillensis Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1200\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 224 (EA), Tweedie 67/228 (EA), Tweedie DR 10 (EA), Symes YE 164 (EA), Tweedie 2671 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Habenariahumilior Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1200\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Symes 164 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0114 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Habenariakeniensis Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, upland rainforest edges, 1950\u20132950 m. Vouchers: Tweedie in Bally 7619 (EA), Irwin PH 448 (EA), Tweedie 703 (EA), 387 (K), Tweedie EM 505a (K). Native distribution range: Kenya.*Habenarialaurentii De Wild. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, 1800\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Chater-Jack 310 (EA), 301B, Tweedie EM 630 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Habenarialindblomii Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1800\u20132200 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 522 ,66 (K), Tweedie 2667 (EA), Tweedie EM 12951 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Tropical Africa.Habenariamacruroides Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, swamps 1700\u20132000 m. Voucher: Tweedie 32 (EA). Native distribution range: W Central & E Tropical Africa.Habenariamalacophylla Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moist forest, grassland, forest, 1200\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 63 (EA), Tweedie 17 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, S Arabian Peninsula.Habenariamicrosaccus Kraenzl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest, 2100\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 728 (K), 1725 (K). Native distribution range: Uganda to Burundi.Habenariandiana Rendle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1700\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 404 (EA), Tweedie EM 471 (K). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to Malawi.Habenariaperistyloides A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, marshes, 2000\u20132850 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 11 (EA), Tweedie 67/189 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to SW Arabian Peninsula.Habenariapetitiana T.Durand & Schinz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest edges, 1700\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Lucas GLl & Williams JG 177 (EA), G. Ll. Lucas 177 (AMES). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa.Habenariaquartiniana A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, thick bush, forest edge, 2100\u20132850 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 702 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0133 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to Uganda.Habenariasplendens Rendle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest margin, 1700\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie (EA), Symes YE 628 (EA), Chater-Jack 300 (EA), Snowden JD 913 (AMES). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zambia.Habenariatweedieae Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock outcrop, woodland, 2200\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 524 (EA), Tweedie DR 55 (EA), 25 (EA), Tweedie EM 680 (K). Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to Rwanda.Habenariavaginata A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp grassland, forest edges, 1300\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 12949 (EA), Tweedie 2672 (EA), Tweedie EM 507 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania.Habenariawalleri Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, 1200\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 12946 (EA), 66/121 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Holothrixaphylla Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest, 1500\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Chater-Jack 253, 252 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Yemen.Holothrixelgonensis Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest, 3300\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Lugard 379 (EA), Tweedie 199 (EA), Thomas 2682 (EA), Tweedie DR 31, 109 (EA), Tweedie EM 359 (EA), Lugard EJ 379 (EA), Lugard EJ; Lugard C 379 (K), Lugard EJ; Lugard C 379a (K). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Mt Elgon).**Kylicantherohrii (Rchb.f.) Descourv. & Farminh\u00e3o \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Montane forest, 2100\u20133000 m. Vouchers: C Leaky 24 (EA), Tweedie 2015 , Snowden JD 921 (NHMUK). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Liparisbowkeri Harv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Mossy banks, forest trees, 1350\u20132700 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Liparisdeistelii Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest on mossy banks on tree and tree fern trunks, 1700\u20132750 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 506 (EA), Tweedie EM 457 (K), Synge PM 980 . Native distribution range: W Central & E Tropical Africa to W Ethiopia and Malawi.EXPlatantheramicrantha Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, upland moor, 2500\u20133000 m. Voucher: Lankester 13 (EA). Native distribution range: Azores.Platycorynecrocea Rolfe \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1300\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Dale IR 3137 (EA), Chater-Jack 255 (EA), Tweedie EM 12963 (EA), Symes YE 355 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 647 (EA), Tweedie 66/102 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and Zimbabwe.Polystachyaadansoniae Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest, woodland, 1650\u20132330 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 172 (EA), Chater-Jack 4818 (EA), Tweedie EM 12945 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Polystachyabella Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest trees, 1800\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Bush RZ 245 (EA). Native distribution range: SW Kenya.Polystachyabennettiana Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: wet savanna, woodland, dry forest, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Yohana 2523 (EA), Chater-Jack 215 (EA). Native distribution range: Ivory Coast to Eritrea and Zambia.Polystachyabicarinata Rendle \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Upland riverine forest, 1800\u20132830 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 960 , Tisdall 313 (MO), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0034 . Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Polystachyacaespitifica Kraenzl. ex Engl. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest, 1800\u20132700 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to Zimbabwe.Polystachyacampyloglossa Rolfe \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Dry Forest, 1700\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 1085 (K). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to E Zimbabwe.Polystachyacultriformis Lindl. ex Spreng. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest near rivers, 330\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 7 (EA), Bamps PRJ sn (EA), Tweedie EM 556 (K). Native distribution range: Bioko to Ethiopia and S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Polystachyaeurychila Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Dry forest, 1830\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 555 (K), Eggeling WJ 2438 (K), Eggeling WJ 2438 , Meyer, H. 291 (K), Dummer RA 3679 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to NW Kenya.Polystachyalindblomii Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest, 1000\u20132330 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 470 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0009 . Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Polystachyasimplex Rendle \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Dry montane forest, 2000\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 875 (EA), Tweedie DR 81 (EA). Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to E Zimbabwe.Polystachyaspatella Kraenzl. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest, 1600\u20132830 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 315, Major C & Lugard EJ 640 (EA), Bamps PRJ sn (EA), Tweedie EM 447 (K). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Polystachyasteudneri Rchb.f. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Dry forest, 1850\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Lugard 504 (EA), Snowden JD 959 (EA), Jack C 401 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea and Burundi.Polystachyatenuissima Kraenzl. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Upland forest, 1700\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Bush RZ 246 (EA), Hedberg O 303 (EA), Tweedie 2634 (EA), Tweedie DR 6 (EA), Tweedie EM 448 (K). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Uganda and N Tanzania.Polystachyatransvaalensis Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Upland forest, 1650\u20133350 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 20 (EA), sn (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan and S Africa.Porpaxrepens (Rolfe) Schuit., Y.P.Ng & H.A.Pedersen \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Riverine forest, 1950\u20132830 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1066 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Rangaerismuscicola (Rchb.f.) Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Evergreen forest, woodland, 1700\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 25 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 645 (EA), Chater-Jack 222 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Rhipidoglossumbrachyceras (Summerh.) Farminh\u00e3o & St\u00e9vart \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest, 1700\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3686 (EA), Snowden JD 900 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Rhipidoglossumpulchellum (Summerh.) Garay \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Dry forest, 1500\u20132330 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 571, 570A (K). Native distribution range: Central & E Tropical Africa.Rhipidoglossumsubsimplex (Summerh.) Garay \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest, 1850\u20132850 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0063 . Native distribution range: E & S Tropical Africa.Satyriumcarsonii Rolfe \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open grasslands, woodland, 1450\u20132330 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 161 (EA), Tweedie DR 8 (EA), Webster MVB 9031 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Kenya and Zambia.Satyriumcoriophoroides A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, rocky slopes, 1700\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Satyriumcrassicaule Rendle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, 1850\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 922 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 424 (EA), Synge PM 820 (WAG), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0258 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Zambia.EXSatyriumneglectumsubsp.woodii (Schltr.) A.V.Hall \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, 2150\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: South Africa.Satyriumrobustum Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grasslands, bog near streams, 1350\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 810 , Bickford N 14 (EA), Tweedie EM 837 (EA), Hedberg O 171 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Satyriumsceptrum Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: upland grassland, and open bushland, upper forest edge in damp places, 1500\u20132700 m. Voucher: Tylor in Tweedie 624 (2) (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Satyriumvolkensii Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, open woodland, bushland, 2200\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Chater-Jack 245 in CM 4816 (EA), 246 (EA), Tweedie EM 12957 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 595 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Kenya and Zimbabwe.Sphyrarhynchusamaniense (Summerh.) Bytebier \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Shady montane forest, 1600\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 603 (EA), Carroll, EW (K). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Tropical Africa.Tridactylebicaudata Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Dry forests, riverine forest, 0\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Blancowe J sn (EA), Chater-Jack 104 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Tridactylescottellii Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Evergreen riverine forest, 2000\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 903 (EA), Tweedie 88 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0106 . Native distribution range: Gabon to Kenya.Tridactyletridactylites Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Montane rain forest, 1000\u20131800 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 525 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Ypsilopusamaniensis (Kraenzl.) D\u2019haij\u00e8re & St\u00e9vart \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Dry forest, open woodland 1500\u20132350 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to Zimbabwe.50 Genera, 98 speciesAdenochloahymeniochila (Nees) Zuloaga \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: River margins, moist meadows, 1000\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 118 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Agrostisgracilifolia C.E.Hubb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, highland grasses, 2800\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 192 (EA), Bogdan 3934 (EA), Thomas AS 2671 (EA), Dummer RA (B) 3339, 3475 (US), Liebenberg LCC 1689 (K), Johnston HB 876 (K), Taylor Dr G 3709 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Agrostiskeniensis Pilg. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest edges, wet upland grassland, 2300\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tothill BH 2262 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Agrostiskilimandscharica Mez \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo, forest clearing, upland grassland, 2100\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Bodgan A 3930 (EA), Thomas AS 2718 (EA), Taylor G 3703 (K), Johnston HB 876 (K), Liebenberg LCC 1689 (K), Hedberg KO 4461 (BR), Dummer RA 3569 (US). Native distribution range: Congo to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Agrostisproducta Pilg. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest edges, wet upland grassland, 2400\u20133800 m. Voucher: Thomas AS 2685, 2712 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Zimbabwe.Agrostisquinqueseta (Steud.) Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, alpine heath, 3000\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Knight J 4501 (K), Ekkens DB 630 (EA), Bogdan A 3931 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Agrostisvolkensii Stapf \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest edges, wet upland grassland, 3000\u20134300 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3339A (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Airacaryophyllea L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, moorland, 2100\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3367 (EA), Bogdan 3399 (EA), Bogdan A 3941, 3945 (EA). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Mediterranean to African Mountains, Europe to Caucasus, Tibet to W Himalaya.Andropogonamethystinus Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine grasslands, montane grassland, moorland, 2000\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Bogdan A 4136 (EA), Liebenberg L 1686 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, S India, Myanmar.Andropogonlima Stapf \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, dry moorland, 2400\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Katende T 911 (MO), Hedberg 260, Bie SW 275 (EA), Osterkamp M 111 (EA), Bogdan A 4497 (EA), Melderis 260 (EA), Hedberg O 869 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, South Sudan to Malawi.Anthoxanthumnivale K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, moorland, 2400\u20134800 m. Vouchers: Bogdan 3927 (K), 4494 (K), Liebenberg L 1701 (US), Hedberg O 191 (K). Native distribution range: NE DR Congo to E Tropical Africa.Arthraxonhispidus (Thunb.) Makino \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 650\u20132600 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1209 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, W Indian Ocean, Asia to E Australia.Arthraxonprionodes (Steud.) Dandy \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky slopes, 1000\u20132000 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan to China and Peninsula Malaysia.Avenellaflexuosa (L.) Drejer \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moorland, 2600\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Bogdan3950 (EA), Hedberg O 931 (K). Native distribution range: Europe to Japan and Malesian Mountains, Macaronesia, NW & Tropical Montane Africa, Greenland to Central & E America, S South America to Falkland Islands.Brachypodiumflexum Nees \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland Forest shade, bamboo thickets, bushland, 2000\u20133000 m. Voucher: Bogdan 5389 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.EXBrizamaxima L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, cultivations, 2400\u20132700 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Macaronesia to Mediterranean.Bromusleptoclados Nees \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest edge, grassland, 2300\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Bogdan A 4121 (K), 5391 (K), 5408 (K), Wesche K 1977 (K), Mwangangi OM 351 (K), Johnston HB 859 (BR), Hedberg O 223 (K), Dummer RA 3342 (US). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Cenchrusgeniculatus Thunb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland pastures, old cultivation, roadsides, 1500\u20133500 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1181 (K). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea and S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Cenchrusriparius (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Morrone \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, cultivation, 1400\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1214 (EA), 1227 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Cenchrustrisetus (Leeke) Morrone \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen forest, 1000\u20132800 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zimbabwe.Cenchrusunisetus (Nees) Morrone \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, wooded grassland, 300\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1244 , Maitland 1179 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Colpodiumhedbergii (Melderis) Tzvelev \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moor, stream sides, 3580\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 908 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia, Kenya.*Crinipeslongifolius C.E.Hubb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, forest edges, 1869\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3643 (EA), Thomas AS 296 , 2572 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia, South Sudan to Uganda.Cymbopogongiganteus Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, wooded grassland, 0\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1246 (EA), Maitland 1179 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to Botswana, Madagascar.Cynodonnlemfuensis Vanderyst \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grasslands, 300\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1218 (EA), Forbes LM 214 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.EXCynodontransvaalensis Burtt Davy \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weedy places, roadside, 1500\u20132600 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1212 (EA). Native distribution range: S Africa.Deschampsiaangusta Stapf & C.E.Hubb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Streams in moorland, 3600\u20134300 m. Voucher: Bogdan 3937 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central Tropical Africa .*Deschampsiacespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, streambanks, 2900\u20134000 m. Voucher: Hedberg 860 (EA). Native distribution range: Subarctic & Temperate to Tropical Mountains.Digitariaabyssinica (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Stapf \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside, grassland, grazing land, 0\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1232 (K), 1022 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Peninsula Malaysia, New Guinea, SE Queensland.Echinochloapyramidalis Hitchc. & Chase \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, riverside, 0\u20132400 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1092 (US). Native distribution range: Africa to Arabian Peninsula.Eleusineafricana Kenn.-O\u2019Byrne \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, in cultivation, 1300 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3655 (US). Native distribution range: Africa to Arabian Peninsula.EXEleusinecoracana Gaertn. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, in cultivation. Voucher: Snowden JD 1235, 1236 (US). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Socotra and Angola.Eleusineindica (L.) Gaertn. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, forest edges, 0\u20132070 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1110 . Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Eleusinejaegeri Pilg. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest clearings, bushland, 1800\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3655 (MO), Wesche K 1555 (MO). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.*Elionurusmuticus (Spreng.) Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open bushland, 1400\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1260 . Native distribution range: S Tropical America, Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Eragrostisexasperata Peter \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist grassland, rock outcrop, 300\u20132300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Tropical Africa.Eragrostisheteromera Stapf \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, old cultivations, water logged soils, 1200\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Eragrostishispida K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy places, rock outcrop seepage, 1000\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Hemp A (W), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0019 . Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Eragrostispaniciformis (A.Braun) Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, streamsides, swamp grassland, 1300\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ & Lugard C 604 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to Zambia.Eragrostisracemosa Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry grassland, 1200\u20132300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar.Eragrostisschweinfurthii Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1300\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Malawi, SW Arabian Peninsula, Sri Lanka.Eriochloabarbatus (Trin.) S.Yadav & M.R.Almeida \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Depressions in swampy areas, 0\u20131800 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula.Exothecaabyssinica Andersson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland, montane grassland, 2000\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 128 (EA), Mwangangi OM 355 (EA), Stein W Bie (UPS). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Tropical Africa, Indo-China.Festucaabyssinica Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest edges, moor, 2800\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Dale JRD (EA), Wilson J 1227 (K), A Thomas Th644 (US). Native distribution range: Gulf of Guinea Islands to Cameroon, Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Festucabromoides L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, forest edges, 2300\u20133900 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3778 (EA). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Europe to Caucasus, Sahara to Kenya, SW Cameroon, SW Arabian Peninsula.EXFestucacamusiana St.-Yves \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest, bamboo tickets, 2100\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Bogdan 5386 (EA), Dummer RA 3506 (EA). Native distribution range: Madagascar.Festucachodatiana (St.-Yves) E.B.Alexeev \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest edge, grassland, bamboo thickets, 2100\u20133500 m. Voucher: Bogdan 5386 (EA). Native distribution range: Gulf of Guinea Islands, SW Cameroon, South Sudan (Imatong Mountains), Central Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Festucaclaytonii E.B.Alexeev \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland of Elgon, above 2500 m. Voucher: Thomas SA 2727 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya.**Festucamekiste Clayton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: upland forest, 2300\u20133000 m. Voucher: Bogdan 5390 (EA). Native distribution range: Bioko, SW Cameroon, Ethiopia.Festucaobturbans St.-Yves \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moor, 2400\u20134000 m. Voucher: Mwangangi OM 312 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to Tanzania, Yemen.Festucapilgeri St.-Yves \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry upland moor, 2700\u20134250 m. Vouchers: Liebenberg 1699 (EA), Thomas AS 2729 (EA), Bogdan A 3942 , Wesche K 257 , Hedberg KO 1006 , HB Johnston 870 (US). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Mountains).*Festucasimensis Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland Forest shade, bamboo thickets, 2000\u20133300 m. Voucher: Bogdan 5402 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and N Tanzania.Hyparrheniacymbaria Stapf \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, forest, 1000\u20133000 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1217, 1162 (US). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea and S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, India.Hyparrheniadregeana Stapf ex Stent \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grazed grasslands, 2000\u20132600 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Hyparrheniamobukensis Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Subalpine forest, bamboo zone, 2500\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3498 (EA), Thomas AS 2664 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Hyparrheniarufa Stapf \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushlands, wooded grasslands, 0\u20132300 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1029, 1102 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean, S Central China to Indo-China.Hyparrheniaschimperi Andersson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open moist bushland, wooded grassland, 700\u20131700 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1168 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, Madagascar.Hypertheliadissoluta (Nees) Clayton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, wooded grassland, 0\u20132400 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1173 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Koeleriacapensis Nees \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, moorland, 1800\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Liebenberg 1696 (EA), Tothill BH 2434 (EA), Granvik H (S), A Bogdan AB 3947 (US), Dummer RA 3341 (US). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Koordersiochloalongiarista (A.Rich.) Veldkamp \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest floor, heath zone, bamboo clearing, 1500\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Africa, Jawa to Lesser Sunda Islands, Philippines.Loudetiasimplex (Nees) C.E.Hubb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky dry woodland, wooded grassland, 1000\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1242 (US), Hemp A (W). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Melinisrepens (Willd.) Zizka \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky grassland, 0\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1090 . Native distribution range: Africa to Arabian Peninsula.Micrachnepatentiflora (Stent & J.M.Rattray) P.M.Peterson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonally flooded shallow soils, 1400\u20132300 m. Voucher: Bogdan 4075 . Native distribution range: Kenya to Botswana.Microchloaindica (L.f.) P.Beauv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, bushland, 800\u20131600 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World to N Australia.Moorochloaeruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, 500\u20132200 m. Voucher: Strange R 70 (EA). Native distribution range: Mediterranean to Indo-China and Africa.Oldeaniaalpina (K.Schum.) Stapleton \u2013 Habit: Herb (bamboo). Habitat: Montane forest, 2400\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3508 , Eggeling W 2472 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zambia.Oplismenushirtellus (L.) P.Beauv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen Forest, 0\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1213  1230 (US). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Oxytenantheraabyssinica Munro \u2013 Habit: Herb (bamboo). Habitat: Grassland, woodland, thickets, 2400\u20133000 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1051 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Panicumchionachne Mez \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 1000\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Panicumhochstetteri Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 1600\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 2665 (EA), Dummer RA 3567 . Native distribution range: Sierra Leone to Eritrea and Tanzania.Panicummonticola Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest shade, 600\u20132800 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and South Africa.Panicumpusillum Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, bushland, 1350\u20133000 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3551 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Pentamerisborussica (K.Schum.) Galley & H.P.Linder \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, moorland, 3000\u20134680 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3379 (EA), Thomas AS 2686 (EA), Wesche K 238 (K), 237 (K), Thomas AS 2686 (K), Bogdan A 3939 (K), Nouga 133 (K), Lisowski S 10468 ((BR), Katende 878 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Pentamerisminor  Galley & H.P.Linder \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, open grassland, moorland, 3000\u20134800 m. Voucher: Bodgan 4499 (EA), Bogdan A 3946, AB3940, AB4123 (K), Thomas AS 2721 , Hedberg O 4487 (K), Lisowski S 10468 (K), Dale IR 3189 (K), Mwangangi OM 314 (K), Knight J 4499 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Pentamerispictigluma (Steud.) Galley & H.P.Linder \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, montane path side, 2600\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Wood GH 160 (EA), Wesche K 316 (K), 310 (K). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to Tanzania, Yemen.Poaannua L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland path sides, 2000\u20133550 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Temperate Old World to Tropical Mountains.Poaleptoclada Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest edges, upland grassland, heath, moor, 1800\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 1028 (NHMUK), Dummer RA 3524 (US), Liebenberg L 1697 (US). Native distribution range: Bioko to Eritrea and S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Poaschimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Stream sides, moorland, 2300\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Bogdan A 3933 (BR), (K), Wesche K 1335 (K), Liebenberg L 1698 (S). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Malawi, Arabian Peninsula.Poecilostachysoplismenoides (Hack.) Clayton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady forest, 1000\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Katende AB; Sheil 2290 (K). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Kenya and S Tropical Africa.Polypogonschimperianus (Hochst. ex Steud.) Cope \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, moorland, 1500\u20134000 m. Voucher: Hedberg 3580 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Pseudechinolaenapolystachya (Kunth) Stapf in Prain \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest shade, 1000\u20132500 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1183 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Pseudobromusafricanus Stapf \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo thickets, upland forest, 2100\u20132700 m. Voucher: Bodgan 2832 (EA). Native distribution range: Sudan to S Africa.Setariasphacelata Stapf & C.E.Hubb. ex M.B.Moss \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grasslands, swamps, riversides, 0\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1103 , 1194 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Sporobolusnervosus Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grazed bushland, 300\u20131830 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Mauritania, Ethiopia to Tanzania, S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan.Sporobolusolivaceus Napper \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, moorland, 2300\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Bogdan 3948, Dale in FD 3190 (EA), Liebenberg 1717 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zambia.Sporoboluspaniculatus T.Durand & Schinz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, bushland, wooded grassland, 1000\u20132000 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1239 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Sporoboluspyramidalis P.Beauv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grassland, 2000\u20133000 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1097 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical America, Africa to Arabian Peninsula.Sporobolusscitulus Clayton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rare in swampy rock outcrop, at 2500 m. Voucher: Bogdan A AB 4072 (K). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya.*Sporobolusstapfianus Gand. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushlands, 500\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Niger to Ethiopia and S Africa, Madagascar.EXStipadregeana Steud. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest shade, roadside, 2000\u20132600 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: South Africa.Themedatriandra Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 0\u20133000 m. Voucher: Hedberg O 1060 , Tweedie 21 (EA), Snowden JD 1220, 1171 (US). Native distribution range: Africa, Tropical & Subtropical Asia to Australia.Tripogonmajor Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland rocky grassland, 1200\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1187 (K), Bodgan 3932 , 5419 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0111 . Native distribution range: Sierra Leone, Nigeria to Ethiopia and Malawi, S India.Trisetopsisangusta (C.E.Hubb.) R\u00f6ser & A.W\u00f6lk \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, 2300\u20132600 m. Voucher: Bogdan A (B). Native distribution range: Kenya, Yemen.Trisetopsismilanjiana (Rendle) R\u00f6ser & A.W\u00f6lk \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest egde, bamboo thickets, 2300\u20133500 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi, Madagascar.Trisetopsisumbrosa (Hochst. ex Steud.) R\u00f6ser & A.W\u00f6lk \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland bamboo thickets, grassland, moor, 1850\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Bogdan 3929 (EA), 3936 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Urochloabrizantha (A.Rich.) R.D.Webster \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, wooded grassland, woodland, 300\u20132500 m. Voucher: Tweedie 20 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean, SW Arabian Peninsula.Urochloacomata (A.Rich.) Sosef \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, 600\u20132200 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1202 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Urochloajubata  Sosef \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushlands, swamp margins, 500\u20132900 m. Voucher: Jack C 20 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.1 Genus, 2 speciesEXPotamogetonnodosus Poir. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Fresh water wetlands, 1510\u20134250 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cosmopolitan.Potamogetonrichardii Solms \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Fresh water wetlands, 1150\u20133450 m. Vouchers: Ross R 1346 . Native distribution range: Cameroon, Eritrea to S Africa, Central Madagascar.1 Genus, 1 speciesTyphalatifolia L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Permanent swamps, river, 1300\u20132200 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1223 (EA). Native distribution range: Temperate Northern Hemisphere to Colombia, W Bolivia to S South America, Nigeria to Kenya.1 Genus, 2 speciesXyriscapensis Thunb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland marsh, bogs, 1100\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World, Brazil.Xyrisstraminea L.A.Nilsson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, outcrop rock, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Wood GHS 477 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.17 Genera, 45 speciesAcanthopalepubescens C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Shrub or shrubby herb. Habitat: Wet montane forest, forest swamps, 1655\u20132790 m. Voucher: Dale IR 50 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Acanthuseminens C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Woody shrub. Habitat: Forest margins, undergrowth of montane forest, scrub, thicket clumps in dump areas, 1500\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 828 (EA), Bamps PRJ 6497 (WAG). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to South Sudan and Central Kenya.Acanthuspolystachius Delile \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane wet evergreen forest, woodland, forest margins, rocky hills, 1100\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Dale 50 (EA), James E sn (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to NW Tanzania.Barleriagrandicalyx Lindau \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry savanna, wooded grassland, acacia combraetum woodland, 1100\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Central African Republic to Ethiopia and Tanzania, Angola.Barleriaventricosa Hochst. ex Nees \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest undergrowth, woodland, thickets, in grassland, 1700\u20133590 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 131 (K), 838 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0218 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Yemen.Crabbeavelutina S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Acacia bushland, riverine forest, thickets, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1828 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to S Africa.EXDiclipteracolorata C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Rwanda to N Malawi.Diclipteralaxata C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, undergrowth mountain rain forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 828 (K). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and N Malawi.Diclipteramaculatasubsp.usambarica (Lindau) I.Darbysh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margins, wooded grasslands, disturbed areas, montane and submontane forest, (1150 \u2013)1300\u20132700(\u20133050). Vouchers: Dummer RA 3618 (EA), Naiga 505A (EA). Native distribution range: E Uganda to N Tanzania.*Diclipteranilotica C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Recently burnt areas on roadsides and open woodland, short grassland, 1050\u20132350 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1524 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to W Kenya.*Diclipterapumila (Lindau) Dandy \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Short grassland, open woodland, recently burnt montane grassland, 1750\u20132850 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Dyschoristemulticaulis Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grassland, 1705\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Central & E Tropical Africa, Yemen.Dyschoristeradicans Nees \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Low altitude grassland, 1750\u20132500 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (Ref). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Hygrophilaauriculata (Schumach.) Heine \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, wet savanna and open woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Indian Subcontinent to Indo-China.Hypoestesaristata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margins and clearings, open woodland, wet grassland, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 812 (K), 823 (K), 829 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Hypoestesforskaoliisubsp.hildebrandtii (Lindau) I.Darbysh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Dry grassland, bushland, forest edges, 1750\u20132820 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa to Kenya.Hypoestestriflora Roem. & Schult. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margins and undergrowth, forest clearings and grassland, 1600\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Dawkins 777 (EA), Tweedie EM 830 (K), Tweedie 886 (K), Vollesen K 682 (K), Townsend CC 2335 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0204 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, Himalaya to China (Yunnan) and Indo-China.Isoglossagregorii (S.Moore) Lindau \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Higher montane forest, bamboo zone undergrowth, woodland, 1790\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 587 (EA), Lye 25497 (EA), Mwangangi OM 453 (BR). Native distribution range: Kenya to E Zimbabwe.Isoglossalaxa Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane Forest understory, clearances, secondary growth, 1750\u20132550 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Tanzania, Madagascar.Isoglossapunctata (Vahl) Brummitt & J.R.I.Wood \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane rain forest undergrowth, margin, secondary bushland, 1350\u20132750 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1896 (EA), Dale IR U89 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Isoglossasubstrobilina C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane rain forest, woodland, 1600\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 891 (K), Napper DM & Tweedie EM 2128 (BR). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Justiciaanagalloides T.Anderson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland bushland, 1020\u20132500 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 512 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Justiciaanselliana T.Anderson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Marshy grassland, 1300\u20131920 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Justiciacalyculata Deflers \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside, lawn, grassland weed, 100\u20132200 m. Vouchers: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0014 . Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa to N Tanzania, S Arabian Peninsula.Justiciadiclipteroides Lindau \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland edges, forest, 1300\u20132325 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0170 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Justiciaeminii Lindau \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Woodland and bushland on rocky hill, forest margin, montane grassland, riverine woodland, 1200\u20132100 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1723 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to S Tropical Africa.Justiciaexigua S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, outcrop rock, 1720\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to South Africa.Justiciaflava Vahl \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open habitat, savanna, woodland, 1750\u20132500 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 674 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.EXJusticiainsularis T.Anderson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Chad.Justiciastriata (Klotzsch) Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Evergreen woodland edges, bushed grassland, 2000\u20132600 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 3673 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Justiciaunyorensis S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Edges of montane rain forest, montane grassland, woodland, bushland, 2170\u20133100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 3717 (EA), Bridson DM 67 (WAG). Native distribution range: Nigeria to SW Ethiopia and NW Tanzania.Lepidagathiscollina (Endl.) Milne-Redh. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Open fire prone grass, rocky outcrop, 1750\u20132170 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Eritrea and Kenya.Lepidagathisglandulosa Nees \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Open wooded grassland, woodland, 850\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1370 (EA), Tweedie 1370A (K). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and Zambia.Lepidagathisscariosa Nees \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Dry Tropical Africa to Namibia, Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar.Mimulopsisalpina Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Montane forest, bushland, bamboo forest, ericaceous zone, 1900\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3464 (EA), Tweedie 1379 (EA), Dale IR 65 (BR), Thomas AS 2744 (BR), Mwangangi OM 391 (BR). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to N Malawi.Mimulopsisarborescens C.B.Clarke \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Wet montane forest, bamboo forest, along clearings, gaps, streams, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Hancork 216/37 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to E DR Congo, Mozambique.Mimulopsissolmsii Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: woody herb or undershrub. Habitat: Montane forest, bamboo forest, secondary forest, grassland, bushland, 1500\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2234 (EA), Snowden JD 947 (EA), Tweedie EM 1090 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0222 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Monechmadebile Nees \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India.Nicotebabetonica Lindau \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Wet forest, riverside, 700\u20132200 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Indian Subcontinent.Phaulopsisimbricata (Forssk.) Sweet \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 53, Wesche K 1877 (K), Tweedie 803 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, R\u00e9union, SW Arabian Peninsula.Ruelliapatula Jacq. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb or subshrub. Habitat: Bushland, grassland, open places in forest, 1750\u20132100 m. Voucher: Polhill 402 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to Indian Subcontinent to Indo-China.Thunbergiaalata Bojer ex Sims \u2013 Habit: Trailing or twinning herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas, secondary vegetation, wet forest, bushlands and thickets, woodland and forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Symes YE 380, 365 (EA), Lugard EJ 65, 52 (EA), Mwangangi OM 515 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Thunbergiabattiscombei Turrill \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Burnt grassland, wooded grassland, 1500\u20132500 m. Voucher: Mr and Mrs Tweedie 281 (BR). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Kenya.Thunbergiagregorii S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grasslands, bushlands and forest edges, 1350\u20132300 (\u20132450). Voucher: Katende & Sheil 1921 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to Burundi and Tanzania.Thunbergiapaulitschkeana Beck \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushlands, montane forest, roadsides, 1450\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Lye & Katende 6407 (EA), Tweedie 3674 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0118 . Native distribution range: E & S Ethiopia to E Tropical1 Genus, 1 speciesZaleyapentandra (L.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Succulent herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, waste places, cultivated ground, roadside, on alkaline soils, 800\u20132000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa to Israel and Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan to India.6 Genera, 12 speciesAchyranthesaspera L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, forest, 0\u20133080 m. Vouchers: Katende 1012 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Achyranthesasperavar.sicula L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Mist forest, cultivation or disturbed ground, hardpan patches between rocks, seasonal swamps, open grassland, along forest edges and trails, 0\u20133000 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3486 (EA). Native distribution range: Macaronesia to W Asia and Arabian Peninsula, Africa.EXAmaranthushybridus L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated weed, wet savanna, introduced, 1500\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Hooper SS; Townsend, CC 1380 (WAG). Native distribution range: S Ontario to W South America.Celosiaschweinfurthiana Schinz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest ridges, clearings and margins, thicker forest, 0\u20131650 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Chenopodiastrumfasciculosumvar.schimperi (Asch.) Mosyakin \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed in cultivated areas, waste places, evergreen upland forest, roadside, 1300\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ 272 (MO), (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Tanzania.EXChenopodiastrummurale (L.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1520\u20132750 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Europe, Mediterranean to NE Tropical Africa and Sri Lanka.EXChenopodiumalbum L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed in cultivation, upland evergreen forest, 1650\u20132600 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Temperate Eurasia to Indian Subcontinent.Chenopodiumopulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of cultivation, upland evergreen forest, 1600\u20132300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Europe, Mediterranean to Nepal, Eritrea to S Tropical Africa.Cyathulacylindrica Moq. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Podocarpus-bamboo zone, forest edge and rocky scarps, 1300\u20133240 m. Voucher: Beentje HJ 1990 (WAG), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0179 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Cyathulauncinulata (Schrad.) Schinz \u2013 Habit: Prostrate or climbing herb or shrub. Habitat: Dense forest and forest edge, 1500\u20132900 m. Voucher: Stein W Bie (BOT), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0216 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Dysphaniaprocera (Hochst. ex Moq.) Mosyakin & Clemants \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, waste places, weed of cultivation, 1000\u20132800 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3630 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zimbabwe, SW Arabian Peninsula.Dysphaniaschraderiana (Schult.) Mosyakin & Clemants \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 7 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0095 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan.3 Genera, 8 speciesLanneaedulis Engl. \u2013 Habit: Shrublet. Habitat: Deciduous woodland, wooded and open grassland, prone to fire and floods, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ivory Coast, W Ethiopia to S Africa.Lanneaschimperi Engl. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wooded savanna and deciduous woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Dale 3204 (BR). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea and S Tropical Africa.Ozoroainsignissubsp.reticulata (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Wooded grassland, bushland, bushland, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1062 (EA), Goldschmidt W 17 (EA), Jarchner HM 6960 (EA) Chalufack W 281 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Namibia.Searsialongipes (Engl.) Moffett \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Riverine Forest, wet savanna, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Ross R 1352 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Searsialongipesvar.elgonensis (Kokwaro) Moffett \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Upland bushland, forest edges, riverine associations, 1800\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Eggeling 5761 (EA), Jackson THE 312 , Lugard EJ sn . Native distribution range: Uganda to W Central Kenya.*EXSearsianatalensis (Bernh. ex Krauss) F.A.Barkley \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Deciduous and evergreen forest, riverine associations, forest edges, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Lugard 136 (EA), Taiti S 611 (BR). Native distribution range: Coastal Mozambique to South Africa.Searsiapyroides (Burch.) Moffett \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Wet savanna and woodland, 1750\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Jackson 326 (EA), Podwa SH 11 (EA), Jackson HE & Lugard EJ 326 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0035 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Searsiaruspolii (Engl.) Moffett \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Upland evergreen bushland, forest edges, riverine associations, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Dale IR 3195 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E DR Congo.2 Genera, 2 speciesAnnonasenegalensis Pers. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Evergreen Forest along riverine fringes, 1140\u20131800 m. Vouchers: Goldschmidt W 22 (EA), Snowden JD 1045(EA). Native distribution range: AfricaMonodoramyristica Dunal \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen forest of riverine fringing type, 1550\u20131650 m. Voucher: Childs- clarke B 337 (EA). Native distribution range: West Tropical Africa to SW Kenya and NW Angola.18 Genera, 25 speciesAfroligusticumaculeolatum (Engl.) P.J.D.Winter \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, woodland, 1900\u20133030 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 453 (EA), Tweedie EM 1897. Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical African Mountains.*Afroligusticumelgonense (H.Wolff) P.J.D.Winter \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest edges, glades, bamboo forest margins, damp grasslands, streamside, marshes in subalpine zones, 1640\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2317 (EA), Tweedie 3409, Synge PM S1004 (BR), Tothill BH 2317 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Mountains).*Afrosciadiumkerstenii (Engl.) P.J.D.Winter \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Beside streams in montane zones, bamboo zone, 2700\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 2333 (EA), Naiga 74 (K). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical African Mountains.Alepideapeduncularis Steud. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, burnt areas, shallow soils, 1530\u20133600 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0139 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.EXAmmimajus L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed ground and cultivation, at 1680 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Mediterranean to Iran and Arabian Peninsula.Anthriscussylvestris (L.) Hoffm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo, forest zones, 2100\u20133970 m. Vouchers: Katende T; Sheil D 817 (K), Thomas AS 2746 (BR), Synge PM S951 (BR), Naiga 228 (K), Kisalye N; van Heist M 547 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0117 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Cryptotaeniaafricana Drude \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet montane forest floor, 1600\u20133000 m. Voucher: Hedberg O (BOT). Native distribution range: Nigeria to SW Ethiopia and Tanzania.Daucusincognitus (C.Norman) Spalik, Reduron & Banasiak \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest edges, grassland, 1600\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Agnew ADQ 7268 (MO), Tiyoy L 1481 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0037 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Daucusmelananthus (Hochst.) Reduron, Spalik & Banasiak \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, upper forest edge, forest glades, 1750\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 445, 1953 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, SW Arabian Peninsula.Ferulacommunis L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas of evergreen woodland, 1500\u20133720 m. Vouchers: Gillett JB 20955 (BR), Lugard EJ; Lugard C 425 (K). Native distribution range: Mediterranean to Arabian Peninsula and Tanzania.Haplosciadiumabyssinicum Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed places, alpine, upland grassland, 2150\u20134600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical African Mountains.Heracleumabyssinicum (Boiss.) C.Norman \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest margins, volcanic crater, burnt bushlands in the alpine zone, 1680\u20133790 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3712 (EA), Lugard EJ; Lugard C 425, Gillett JB 20953 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Malawi.Heracleumelgonense (H.Wolff) Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine zones, marshes, open grassy woodland, 1080\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Clifford C Townsend CC 2327 (MO), Wesche K 1715 (MO), Tothill BH 2384 (MO), Dummer RA 3527 , Thomas AS 522 (MO), Hooper SS|Clifford C Townsend CC 1381 (MO), Gillett JB 18487 (BR), Tothill BH 1939 (EA), Synge PM 925, 1003 (MO), Taylor G 3439 (MO), Hedberg KO 217 (MO), Mwangangi OM 353 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical African Mountains.*Heteromorphaarborescensvar.abyssinica (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) H.Wolff \u2013 Habit: Herb, shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1423 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0088 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Yemen.Lefebvreaatropurpurea (A.Rich.) P.J.D.Winter \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland pasture, disturbed places, scattered bushes, scrub, 1800\u20132600 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Uganda.Lefebvrealongipedicellata Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grasslands at forest edge, roadside and shades in upland forest, 1860\u20132250 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Uganda to Mozambique.Oenanthepalustris (Chiov.) C.Norman \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open waters and by streamside at or in forest edge, 1200\u20133260 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Oreoschimperellaaberdarensis (C.Norman) Rauschert \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed places of montane forest and stream edges, 2200\u20132910 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya.*Pimpinellahirtella A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated grounds, open forest, on stony rock ground, upland grassland, 1800\u20132850 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1285 (EA). Native distribution range: Guinea to Mali, Nigeria to Cameroon, Eritrea to N Tanzania.Pimpinellakeniensis C.Norman \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, swampy grounds, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 1177 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0185 . Native distribution range: Kenya to N Tanzania.Pimpinellalindblomii H.Wolff \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open montane forest, upland grassland, mountain slope, well-drained soil, 1530\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1177 (EA), Gerh. Lindblom sn (S). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya.*Pimpinellaoreophila Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Stoloniferous herb. Habitat: Upper montane forest, Streams in bamboo forest, heath zone, alpine grassland, 3000\u20134100 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3313 (EA), Thomas AS 634 (EA), Hedberg KO 4500 (BR), Naiga 84 (K), Katende T; D Sheil 907 (K), Rose F 10203 (BR), Taylor G 3476 (EA), Tweedie DR 118 (EA). Native distribution range: Bioko, SW Cameroon, Ethiopia to N Tanzania.Saniculaelata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shady Forest floor of bamboo zone and adjacent forest, 1500\u20133220 m. Vouchers: Naiga 241 (K), Beentje HJ 1972 (WAG). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, W Indian Ocean, SW Arabian Peninsula, Tropical & Subtropical Asia.Steganotaeniaaraliacea Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.EXTorilisarvensis (Huds.) Link \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Along paths of upland forests, 1560\u20132850 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Europe to Central Asia and Pakistan, Macaronesia, N Africa to Arabian Peninsula.23 Genera, 39 speciesAsclepiasfulva N.E.Br. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, mixed deciduous woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 565 (K). Native distribution range: Uganda to S Africa.Aspidoglossumangustissimum (K.Schum.) Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, openwoodland, marshy areas, 1200\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 918 (K). Native distribution range: Cameroon to South Sudan and Zimbabwe.Aspidoglossummasaicum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grasslands, 1700\u20132800 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to NE Namibia.Carissaspinarum L. \u2013 Habit: Scrambling spiny shrub. Habitat: Forest edges, wet savanna, 1200\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa to Indo-China, Australia to New Caledonia.Ceropegiaabyssinica Decne. \u2013 Habit: Twiner herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, grassland, 1800\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 767 (K), Tweedie 819 (K). Native distribution range: Central African Republic to Eritrea and S Tropical Africa.Ceropegiacufodontii Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Climbing Herb. Habitat: Forest edge, rocky grassland and bushland, 1450\u20132350 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 865 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda.Ceropegiadenticulata K.Schum. ex Engl. \u2013 Habit: Twiner herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Ceropegiafilicorona Masinde \u2013 Habit: Twiner herb. Habitat: Bushland in stony ground, 1750\u20131900 m. Voucher: Irwin PH 339 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya.**Ceropegiajohnstonii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, rock outcrop, 1800\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2017 (EA), Tweedie, M. 3979 (K), Tweedie 2137 (K). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Kenya.Ceropegiameyeri-johannis Engl. \u2013 Habit: Twiner herb. Habitat: Forest edge and clearing, thickets, woodland, 940\u20132500 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0090 . Native distribution range: Kenya to Zimbabwe.Cynanchumabyssinicum Decne. \u2013 Habit: Climbing shrub. Habitat: Upland rain forest edges, woodland, 2000\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 758 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to DR Congo and TanzaniaCynanchumaltiscandens K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Climbing shrub. Habitat: Upland forest edges, 1700\u20132500 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to E DR Congo and E Tropical Africa.Cynanchumgonoloboides Schltr. \u2013 Habit: Woody climber. Habitat: Montane rain forest, 2400\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1256 (EA), Tweedie DR 2103 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0234 . Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to Rwanda and N Tanzania.Cynanchumviminale (L.) L. \u2013 Habit: Succulent twiner. Habitat: Wet savanna, outcrop rock, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean, Tropical Asia to AustraliaGomphocarpusfruticosus (L.) W.T.Aiton \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Upland grassland, 900\u20132900 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0124 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Gomphocarpussemilunatus A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Disturbed places, flooded grassland, roadside, 1500\u20132650 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Zambia.Gomphocarpusstenophyllus Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Grassland, disturbed or rocky soils, 1600\u20133050 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0244 . Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to TanzaniaHuerniakeniensis R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 299 (K), Tweedie EM 236 (K), Jex-Blake, M. 8417 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya to Tanzania.*Landolphiabuchananii Stapf \u2013 Habit: Woody climbing shrub. Habitat: Forest near water, woodland, 1400\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie DR 3253 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Margarettarosea Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, burnt montane grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to South Sudan and S Tropical Africa.Marsdeniaangolensis N.E.Br. \u2013 Habit: Herbaceous or woody scrambler. Habitat: Moist forest, bushland, 700\u20131900 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1886 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Marsdeniaschimperi Decne. \u2013 Habit: Robust climber. Habitat: Secondary vegetation, upland forest edges, 1800\u20132650 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 736 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0103 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to Angola and SW Arabian Peninsula.Mondiawhitei Skeels \u2013 Habit: Climbing shrub. Habitat: Moist upland forest edges, disturbed forest, 1600\u20132000 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0193 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Orbeadummeri (N.E.Br.) Bruyns \u2013 Habit: Succulent herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, on rocky sandy soils, 1200\u20131650 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 1114 (K). Native distribution range: E DR Congo to E Tropical Africa.Pachycarpusbisacculatus (Oliv.) Goyder \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonally waterlogged grassland, deciduous woodland, 0\u20132300 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 1198 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Pachycarpuseximius (Schltr.) Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1600\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Burundi and Tanzania.Pachycarpusgrantii (Oliv.) Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1000\u20132000 m. Vouchers: E & C Lugard 570 (EA), Irwin PH 278 (EA). Native distribution range: S Sudan to NW Tanzania.Pachycarpuslineolatus (Decne.) Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grasslands, 1000\u20132700 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to N Namibia.Pergulariadaemia (Forssk.) Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Herbaceous twiner. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Sinai to Arabian Peninsula, Iran to W Indo-China.Periplocalinearifolia Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Woody climber. Habitat: Upland forest edges, 1900\u20132900 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 735 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Zambia.Raphionacmemadiensis S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland on outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1119 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to S Tropical Africa.Rauvolfiacaffra Sond. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, forest, 1800\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Sabacomorensis (Bojer) Pichon \u2013 Habit: Scrambling or climbing bush. Habitat: Moist and riverine forest, 1750\u20132000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Secamonepunctulata Decne. \u2013 Habit: Climber or small shrub. Habitat: Thickets and riverine forest, 1500\u20132400 m. Voucher: Andersen R 139 (S). Native distribution range: Dry Tropical Africa to NW Namibia.Stathmostelmarhacodes K. Schum. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonally wet and waterlogged grassland, 1500\u20132650 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: South Sudan to NW Tanzania.Tabernaemontanastapfiana Britten \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Moist Forest, 1400\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 860 , Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0189 . Native distribution range: Uganda to S Tropical Africa.Vincetoxicumcaffrum Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonally burnt grassland, woodland, rocky slopes, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Lugard 618 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Vincetoxicumlugardiae (Bullock) Meve & Liede \u2013 Habit: Herbaceous twinning vine. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Lugard C 656 (K). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to Kenya.Xysmalobiumundulatum (L.) W.T.Aiton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, water logged depressions, roadsides, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.1 Genus, 1 speciesIlexmitis (L.) Radlk. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, forest, upper forest edge, 1750\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 1521 (BR), Battiscombe 643, Dale IR 57 (EA), Ceae 10 (EA), Gardner HM 2250 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.4 Genera, 9 speciesAstropanaxabyssinicus Seem. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Upland rain forest, 1750\u20132770 m. Vouchers: St Clair-Thompson in Eggeling 3952 (EA), Dale IR 3097 (BR). Native distribution range: SE Nigeria and Ethiopia to Zambia.Astropanaxvolkensii (Harms) Lowry, G.M.Plunkett, Gostel & Frodin \u2013 Habit: Scandent shrub or tall tree. Habitat: Upland rainforest, 1600\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3605 (EA), St Clair-Thompson in Eggeling 3958 (EA), Snowden JD 805 , Hedberg 162, Taylor G 3414 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Cussoniaarborea Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, forest, 300\u20132470 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 850 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Cussoniaspicata Thunb. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Upland rain forest, woodland, 1750\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 937 , Eggeling WJ 2492 (BR). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Africa, Comoros.Hydrocotylemannii Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp Forest floor, bamboo zone, 650\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Katende T; Sheil D 611 (K), van Heist, M. 578 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.EXHydrocotyleranunculoides L.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Muddy streams, ponds and marshes, 700\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: America.Hydrocotylesibthorpioides Lam. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Muddy and peaty stream banks, dump grasslands, upper forest zone and alpine, 1130\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Rose 10.177 (EA), Agnew ADQ & Agnew S 7277 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Polysciasfulva (Hiern) Harms \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Upland forest, riverine forest, grassland, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: St Clair-Thompson in Eggeling 3953 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Polysciaskikuyuensis Summerh. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Upland rain forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya.*68 Genera, 191 speciesEXAchilleamillefolium L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed or in cultivation, forest, woodland, roadsides, 1950 m. Voucher: Jack C 163 (EA). Native distribution range: Subarctic & Temperate Northern Hemisphere to GuatemalaEXAcmellacaulirhiza Delile \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, Riverside grassland, 1750\u20133100 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM 475 (EA), Hedberg O 30 (S), Granvik H 78 (S). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean.EXAdenostemmacaffrum DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132300 m. Voucher: Lugard 574 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Africa, W Yemen.Adenostemmamauritianum DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, forest edge, stream banks, bamboo zone, 1300\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 921 (EA), Hedberg O 274 (BOT). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, W Indian Ocean.EXAgeratinaadenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Montane forest and forest margins, bamboo zone, 1960\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2679 (EA), Lavranos JJ;Newton I 17773 , Lye & Pocs 23135 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0211 . Native distribution range: Mexico.Ambassahochstetteri Steetz \u2013 Habit: Shrub, herb or small tree. Habitat: Bushland, forest, forest edges, 1000\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 705 (EA), Granvik H (S), Hedberg O 175 (UPS). Native distribution range: Congo to Ethiopia and Angola.Anisopappuschinensis (L.) Hook. & Arn. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, dump marshy sites, 1500\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH hb (MNHN), Irwin PH 49 (S). Native distribution range: Sikkim to S China and Indo-China, Philippines.Anisopappuschinensissubsp.africanus (Hook.f.) S.Ortiz & Paiva \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132320 m. Voucher: Tweedie 825 (S). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Anthemistigreensis J.Gay ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane and Afroalpine grasslands, woodland, forest, moorland, 2500\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 598 (EA), Gillett JB 18464 (BR), Taylor G 3496 (S), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0146 . Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa.EXArtemisiaafra Jacq. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane grassland, woodland, forest, moorland, 2000\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Kokwaro JO 2482 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 77 (EA), Tweedie D.R 126 (EA), Bickford N 39 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Aspiliakotschyi (Sch.Bip. ex Hochst.) Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 010\u20131900 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & South Africa, W Yemen.Aspiliamossambicensis (Oliv.) Wild \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Ruderal sites, seasonal swamps, woodland, wooded grassland, 005\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, W Yemen.Aspiliapluriseta Schweinf. ex Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 1050\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Africa.Athrixiarosmarinifolia Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane or alpine grassland, forest clearing, 2600\u20133500 m. Voucher: Hedberg 4507 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Baccharoidesadoensis  H.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or subshrub. Habitat: Grassland and wooded grassland, deciduous woodland, riverine and old cultivation, 800\u20132750 m. Voucher: Symes 239 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.EXBaccharoidescalvoanasubsp.leucocalyx (O.Hoffm.) Isawumi, El-Ghazaly & B.Nord. \u2013 Habit: Shrub, woody herb, rarely a tree. Habitat: Riverine, forest margin, bamboo forest margins, upland bushland, savanna, 1500\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tothill BH 2283 (EA). Native distribution range: Tanzania.Baccharoidesdumicola (S.Moore) Isawumi, El-Ghazaly & B.Nord. \u2013 Habit: Herb or small shrub. Habitat: Wet grassland, swamps, 1100\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 3677 (EA), Gilbert & Mesfin 6561 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Baccharoideshymenolepis (A.Rich.) Isawumi, El-Ghazaly & B.Nord. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb, shrub or tree. Habitat: forest and bamboo margins, upland bushland, savanna, 150\u20132950 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0215 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Kenya.Baccharoideslasiopus (O.Hoffm.) H.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or woody herb. Habitat: Forest clearings, margins, riverine thickets, secondary grasslands, old cultivations, 1100\u20132800 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Mozambique.Baccharoidespumila (Kotschy & Peyr.) Isawumi \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Burnt wooded grassland, wet grassland, 1750\u20131850 m. Voucher: Tweedie 124 (EA). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to South Sudan.Berkheyaspekeana Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1800\u20133810 m. Vouchers: Lewis WH 5968 (US), Hedberg O (S), Holm \u00c5 63 (S), Gerh. Lindblom sn (S). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Bidensbiternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest margin, weed of cultivation, ruderal sites, 1750\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Bidensbuchneri Sherff \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Wooded grassland among rocks, 1450\u20132500 m. Vouchers: symes 219 (EA), Gerh. Lindblom (S). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Angola.Bidenselgonensis (Sherff) Agnew \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland and Erica bushland, 2500\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1680, 858 (EA), Lind EM 2099 (EA), Smith SA, Beentje HJ & Muasya A 163 (US), Taylor G 3586 (S), Dummer RA 3304 (S), Thomas AS 2689 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya.*EXBidensflagellata (Sherff) Mesfin \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1600\u20133300 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0116 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Burundi.Bidensgrantii Sherff \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, ruderal sites, 1100\u20132700 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Central & E Tropical Africa.EXBidenspilosa L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: wet savanna, woodland, 400\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ 95 (EA), Hedberg O 17 (S), Holm \u00c5 75 (S). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical America.Bidensternata (Chiov.) Sherff \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, bushland, forest clearing, 1500\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 394 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Bothrioclineauriculata (M.Taylor) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Bamboo thickets, montane forest, 2700\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3563 , Wesche K 164, 1252 (MO), Kisalye 270 (MO), Liebenberg 1584 (EA)), Tothill BH 2330 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda.**Bothrioclinefusca (S.Moore) M.G.Gilbert \u2013 Habit: Shrub or shrubby herb. Habitat: Roadside and disturbed places, 2000\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Kahuho SK 9 (K), Major EJ; Lugard C 370 (K), Smith SAL; Beentje HJ; Muasya AM 162 (K), Hedberg O 88 (K), Taylor G 3443 (S), Tweedie 2552 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0267 . Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to Zambia.Bothrioclinelongipes N.E.Br. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest margin and clearing, Upland grassland, 1500\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Dawkins H 784 (K), Holm \u00c5 71 (S), Granvik H 24 (S). Native distribution range: Gabon to Kenya and S Tropical Africa.Bothrioclinemonticola (M.Taylor) Wech. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Rare in margins of montane forest, 2550\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Kenya.*Carduusafromontanus R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest clearings, bamboo zones, 2350\u20133430 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3509 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to Uganda.Carduuskeniensis R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland, heath zone, 2950\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Muasya J & Berit Gehrke 144 (EA), Hamilton & Perrott 76/569 (EA), Tweedie R 39 (EA), 107 (EA), Liebenberg 1610 (EA), Dummer RA 3349 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.*Carduusleptacanthus Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, forest glades, margins, 1550\u20132450 m. Vouchers: Lugard 191 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Carduusnyassanus R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, montane forest, wet disturbed ground, 1750\u20133350 m. Vouchers: Jack 343 (EA), Lewis WH 5972 (US). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Carduusnyassanussubsp.kikuyorum (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, moorland, forest glades, bamboo margins, 1500\u20133450 m. Voucher: Tothill BH 2368 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Carduusschimperi Sch.Bip. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, alpine and subalpine zone, 1800\u20134100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 103 (EA), Lisowski S 84147 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0232 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Carduusschimperisubsp.nanus (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, moorland, 2250\u20134050 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 136 , Dummer RA 3311 (EA), Liebenberg 1602 (EA), Tothill BH 2328 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Centaureapraecox Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, grassland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132600 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.EXChromolaenacorymbosa (Aubl.) R.M.King & H.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grounds, wet savanna, 30\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Caribbean to French Guiana.EXChrysanthellumamericanum (L.) Vatke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Mexico  to Central America, Caribbean.EXCinerariadeltoidea Sond. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, forest edge, moorland, 1750\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Taylor G 3519, , 3440 (S), Adamson J 478, 498 (EA), Hedberg O 118 (S) 4484 (EA), 891, Ekkens DB 405 (EA), Morris 268 (EA), Synge PM S 1916, 1085 (S), Granvik H 163 (S), Tothill BH J T2427 (US), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0243 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Cirsiumbuchwaldii O.Hoffm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, 1835\u20133050 m. Vouchers: Taylor G 3588 . Native distribution range: South Sudan to Zambia.EXCirsiumvulgare (Savi) Ten. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: In cultivation, 1790\u20132400 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0168 . Native distribution range: Europe to Siberia and Arabian Peninsula, NW Africa.Conyzaclarenceana Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, along streams, moorland subalpine marshes, 2300\u20133300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gulf of Guinea Island, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia.Conyzanewii Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Shrub or woody herb. Habitat: Forest, montane scrub woodland, 1750\u20133050 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3608 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Za\u00efreConyzapallidiflora R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Disturbed areas of forest, woodland, 2000\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Major EJ & Lugard C 401 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0262 , Cheseny CMC 46 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya.Cotulaabyssinica Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Short alpine grassland, forest margin, heath zones, bamboo zone, 2100\u20133650 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3579 (EA), Thomas AS 536, 2704 (EA), Lye KA 5715 (EA), Beentje HJ 1944 , Hedberg O 945 (S). Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Central & E Tropical Africa.EXCotulaaustralis Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: moist cultivation, 1200\u20132300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Zimbabwe to S Africa, Madagascar, Australasia.Cotulacryptocephala Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rare along paths in alpine grassland, 3140\u20133800 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 996 (S), Hedberg O 4515 , Klotzli F et al. 1953 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Kenya.*EXCrassocephalumcrepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest margins, secondary vegetation, 1700\u20132500 m. Voucher: Holm \u00c5 70 (S). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Crassocephalummontuosum (S.Moore) Milne-Redh. \u2013 Habit: Herb or wooded shrub. Habitat: Clearing of montane forest, disturbed forest, bamboo zone, 1500\u20133260 m. Vouchers: Morrison 264 (EA), Dawkins HC 785 , Mwangangi OM 486 , 395 (EA), Jack C 156 (EA), Granvik H 329 (S). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Crassocephalumpaludum C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, grassland, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie 3646 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Zambia.EXCrassocephalumpicridifolium S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grasslands, wet savanna, woodland, 1750\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Symes YE 345 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 190 (EA), Jack C 2 (EA), Wiltshire FM 19 (K), Tweedie 3577 (US), Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Crassocephalumrubens (Jacq.) S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed cultivated areas, grassland, 1750\u20132500 m. Voucher: Lugard 439 (EA). Native distribution range: Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Crassocephalumrubensvar.sarcobasis (DC.) C.Jeffrey & Beentje \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: disturbed cultivated areas, grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, SW Arabian Peninsula.Crassocephalumvitellinum S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland clearing, forest, woodland, bushlands, 1500\u20132800 m. Voucher: Hedberg O 313 (S). Native distribution range: Nigeria to South Sudan and Zambia.Crepiscarbonaria Sch.Bip. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: heath zones, short montane grassland, 1350\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Morris MES 272 (EA), Battiscombe E 674 (EA), Hedberg O 848 (EA), Wesche K 1348 (K), Smith SAL; Beentje HJ; Muasya AM 166 (K), Tweedie 26 (K), Irwin PH 14 (K), Tweedie 2549 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Crepisdianthoseris N.Kilian, Enke, Sileshi & Gemeinholzer \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine zone by streamside, 3600\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 434 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0239 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Crepisrueppellii Sch.Bip. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1600\u20133200 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 729. Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Crepisschultzii Hochst. ex Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Clearing in bamboo zone. Voucher: Tothill BH 2325 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Uganda.Dendrosenecioelgonensissubsp.barbatipes (Hedberg) E.B.Knox \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Upper afro alpine zone, 3750\u20134225 m. Vouchers: Gardener 2269 (K), Hedberg O 872 (K), Thomas AS 627 (K), Ekkens 622 (EA), Fairbairn G 3159 (BR), Synge P M 922 (BR), Dale A2/41 (EA), Eggeling 5753 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya (Mt Elgon).**Dendrosenecioelgonensis(T.C.E.Fr.)E.B.Knoxsubsp.elgonensis \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Upper Afromontane Forest, 2750\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 370 (K), Tweedie DR 2 (K), Lugard & Lugard 699 (K), Osmaston HA 4017 (K), Porter 2732, Synge 888 (EA), Dale K 3211 (EA), Thomas AS 628 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya (Mt Elgon).**EXDendroseneciojohnstonii (H.H.Johnst.) B.Nord. \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Upper afro alpine zone, 2500\u20134000 m. Voucher: Fairbairn G 3159 (US). Native distribution range: Tanzania (Mt Kilimanjaro).Dichrocephalachrysanthemifolia (Blume) DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest and upper wet montane forest, 2200\u20133724 m. Vouchers: Morrison MES 270 (EA), Major EJ & Lugard C 241 (EA), Hedberg O 947 (S), Taylor G 3600 (S), Lisowski S 58054 (BR), Rwaburundindore 444 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Dichrocephalachrysanthemifoliavar.alpina (R.E.Fr.) Beentje \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine zone, 2600\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E DR Congo and Tanzania.Dichrocephalaintegrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed wet montane forest, cultivation, grassland, bamboo zone, 1700\u20133670 m. Vouchers: Jack C 199 (EA), Agnew ADQ & Agnew S 7266 (EA), Holm \u00c5 56 (S). Native distribution range: Turkey to Asia and Pacific.Echinopsaberdaricus R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, moorland, forest margin, clearing, 2400\u20133600 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to Tanzania.Echinopsamplexicaulis Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grasslands, edges of cultivated lands, 1300\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Lugard C & Lugard EJ 82 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Echinopsangustilobus S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest edges, 2000\u20132850 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Kenya.Echinopseryngiifolius O.Hoffm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 1050\u20131850 m. Vouchers: Lugard & Lugard 553. Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Echinopshispidus Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, scattered tree grassland, 1500\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Major C & Lugard EJ 158 (EA), Jack C 83 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania.Echinopshoehnelii Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest edges, woodland, heathland, 2200\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Adamson J 487 (EA), Lisowski S 55110 (BR), Hamilton & Perrott 76/400 (EA), Thomas 638 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Echinopslanatus C.Jeffrey & Mesfin \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grasslands, stoebe bushlands, 2400\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Townsend CC 2334 (EA), Fries re (EA), Freidberg A 152 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, E Tropical Africa.*Emiliacoccinea G.Don \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside, grassland, waste grounds, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Webster 8860 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Emiliadebilis S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist grassland, 1750\u20132750 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Emiliadiscifolia (Oliv.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed forests, 500\u20132500 m. Voucher: Holm \u00c5 59 (S). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.EXEmiliaintegrifolia Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed swamp, moist grasslands, 1900\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Webster 8859 (EA), Lugard EJ 101 (EA). Native distribution range: DR Congo to S Tropical Africa, Madagascar.EXEmiliasonchifolia (L.) DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Emiliatenera (O.Hoffm.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, swampy grassland, 1800\u20132700 m. Voucher: Lind EM 269 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.*Emiliatricholepis C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock crevices, cultivated lands, 700\u20132000 m. Voucher: Wesche K 366 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya.EXErigeronbonariensis L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, roadside, 400\u20132600 m. Voucher: Holm \u00c5 73 (S). Native distribution range: Mexico to Tropical America.Erigeronschimperi Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or small shrub. Habitat: Grassland, impeded drainage, woodland and upper forest edge, 2000\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1412 (EA), Hedberg O 1061 (UPS), J Wilson 1237 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa, Yemen.Eschenbachiagouanii (L.) G.L.Nesom \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grassland, 1500\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 911 (S), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0180 . Native distribution range: Africa, Arabian Peninsula.EXEschenbachiastricta (Willd.) Raizada \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grassland, 1500\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Waston J 1195 (EA), Tweedie 2394 (EA), Lugard C & Major EJ 31 (EA). Native distribution range: Sahara & Sahel to S Jordan and Arabian Peninsula, Himalaya to China  and N Indo-China.Eschenbachiasubscaposa (O.Hoffm.) G.L.Nesom \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, alpine and subalpine grassland, 1750\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Marrison MES 271 (EA), Tweedie 53 (EA), Major EJ & Lugard J 616 (EA), Adamson J 501 (EA), Hedberg O 122, 1026 (S), Lisowski S 57185 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0240 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to Kenya and S Tropical Africa.EXEthuliaconyzoides L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, 1160\u20131670 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa to Sinai, Indian Subcontinent to China (Yunnan) and Peninsula Malaysia, Taiwan to Philippines.Ethuliavernonioides (Schweinf.) M.G.Gilbert \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grasslands, 1650\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to Tanzania.Euryopselgonensis Mattf. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Heath zone, bamboo zone, moorland, 300\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Lugard C & Lugard EJ 368 , Tweedie R 18 (EA), 76 (EA), Hedberg 863 , Hedberg O 4525 (EA), Ekkens DB 407 (EA), Dummer RA 3386 (K), Lisowski S 53797 (BR), Kokwaro JO 2459 (EA), Freidberg A 145 (EA), Holm \u00c5 77 (S), Taylor G 3529 (S), Granvik H 155 (S), Tothill BH 269 (EA), Thomas AS 2738 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda.**EXGalinsogaparviflora Cav. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist grassland, woodland, forest margin, 2300\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Major C & Lugard EJ 107 (EA), Dawkins, H.C. 778 (K), Hedberg O 8 (S), Holm \u00c5 58 (S), Granvik H 294 (S). Native distribution range: Mexico to Tropical America.EXGalinsogaquadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: waste places, roadsides, 1800\u20132600 m. Voucher: Beentje HJ 1943 (EA). Native distribution range: Mexico to S Tropical America.EXGamochaetapurpurea (L.) Cabrera \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, waste places, roadside, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 2244 (EA). Native distribution range: E Canada to Tropical America.Gerberaviridifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, grassland, woodland, 1600\u20132750 m. Vouchers: Lewis WH 5969 (S), Major C & Lugard EJ 515 (EA), Podwa SH 24 , Beentje HJ 1930 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa.EXGnaphaliumdeclinatum L.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, 1750\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1940 (WAG), Hedberg O 110 (S). Native distribution range: Zambia to S Africa.Gnaphaliumunionis Sch.Bip. ex Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, montane forest and heath zone, 1600\u20133800 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 604 (EA), Forbes 264 (EA), Wood G 147 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Burundi.Gnaphaliumunionisvar.rubriflorum (Hilliard) Beentje \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet montane grassland, montane forest, heath zone, shallow soils, 1600\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM 473 (EA), Tweedie 1296 (K), Wilson J 1193 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0264 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Guizotiajacksonii (S.Moore) J.Baagoe \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist Forest glades, short grassland in bamboo, moorland, heath zones, 2350\u20133900 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1940 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya.*Guizotiascabra Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest clearing, 1300\u20133200 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3599 (US), Granvik H 260 (S), Synge PM S 847 (S), Holm \u00c5 81 (S), Thomas AS 2701 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0203 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, W Yemen.EXGutenbergiacordifoliavar.marginata (O.Hoffm.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tanzania to S Tropical Africa.Gutenbergiapetersii Steetz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to Tanzania.Gutenbergiarueppellii Sch.Bip. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky eroded grassland, 900\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Gilbert & Mesfin 6546 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0028 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Gymnanthemumamygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, secondary bushlands, forest margin, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Jackson 303 (EA), Freidberg A 27 (EA). Native distribution range: E Bolivia to Brazil, Tropical Africa, W Yemen.Gymnanthemumauriculiferum (Hiern) Isawumi \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Disturbed bushland, montane forest margins, riverine forest, 1100\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0154 , Mwangangi OM 412 (BR), Hedberg O (UPS), Snowden JD 823 (MNHN). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Angola.Gymnanthemumurticifolium (A.Rich.) H.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Secondary Forest, montane forest edges, 2160\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia, Kenya, DR Congo.Gynuraamplexicaulis Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed places, swampy sites in grassland, weed in cultivations, 2000\u20133000 m. Voucher: Lugard 240 (EA). Native distribution range: Central African Republic to South Sudan and Tanzania.Gynurascandens O.Hoffm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: mist forest clearing, about 2200 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Kenya and S Tropical Africa.Haplocarpharueppelii Beauverd \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, moorland, upper bamboo zone, 2600\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Lienberg 1578 (EA), Wood 127 (EA), Gillet 18461 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0145 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Helichrysumamblyphyllum Mattf. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Alpine stony grassland, 3200\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3319 , Hedberg O 4454 (UPS), Hedberg O 864 , \u00c5ke Strid 3549 (S), Gardner HM 2271 (NMNH), Synge PM 1904 (BR). Native distribution range: Uganda (Mt Elgon).**Helichrysumargyranthum O.Hoffm. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest edges, streamside in heathland, 2100\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3597 (MNHN), Lisowski S 57327 (BR), Lisowski S 57305 (BR), Lisowski S 57293 (BR), Thomas AS 2743 (BR), Synge PM 836 (BR), Synge PM 959 (BR), Ross R 1357 (BR), Mwangangi OM 501 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0242 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Helichrysumbrownei S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Shrublet or prostrate herb. Habitat: Moorland, alpine slopes, 3150\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Taylor G 3507 (BR), Arambourg C|Jeannel R|Chappuis PA hn 179 (MNHN). Native distribution range: Kenya (Mt Kenya).*Helichrysumcitrispinum Delile \u2013 Habit: Shrub or shrubby herb. Habitat: Alpine grasslands, 2900\u20134321 m. Vouchers: \u00c5ke Strid 3560 (S), Hedberg O 262 (S), Hedberg O 865 (S), Dummer RA 3317(US), Lisowski S 57263 (BR), Lisowski S 57262 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia.Helichrysumcitrispinumvar.hoehnelii (Schweinf.) Hedberg \u2013 Habit: Shrub or shrubby herb. Habitat: Moorland, 3150\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 262 (K), (BR), Dale IR 3185 (K), Mabberley, D.J. 456 (K), Tweedie 1989 (K), Tweedie R 95 (K), Raumfoid C 502 (K), Synge PM S1902 (BR), Taylor G 3505 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Helichrysumellipticifolium Moeser \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane grassland, swamps in bamboo clearing, 2500\u20133600 m. Vouchers: (EA). Native distribution range: E Central Tropical Africa, Kenya.Helichrysumfoetidum Moench \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, montane forest, 1750\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Gerh Lindblom (S), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0158 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula.Helichrysumformosissimum Sch.Bip. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Roadside, alpine zone, burnt grassland in moorland, 2300\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3320 (K), Hedberg O 179 (S), Hedberg O 845 (S), Holm \u00c5 65 (S), Thomas AS 2708 (MNHN), Taylor G 3612 (S), Arambourg C|Jeannel R|Chapuis PA 89, 178, 177 (P), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0253 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Helichrysumforskahlii (J.F.Gmel.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Alpine grassland, bushland, bamboo, forest and heath, 1750\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 114 (EA), Kokwaro JO 2465 (EA), Hedberg O 1953 (EA), Dale IR 3212 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0252 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Comoros, SW Arabian Peninsula.Helichrysumforskahliivar.compactum (Vatke) Mesfin \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland grassland, tussock grassland, bushland, 2800\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 476 (EA), Dale 3212 (K), Knox EB 3757 (K), Kokwaro JO 2465 (EA), Tweedie DR 7 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 392 (EA), Smith SAL; Beentje HJ; Muasya AM 165 (K), 176 (K), Hedberg O 972 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Helichrysumglobosum Sch.Bip. \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, riverine forest, bamboo glades, 1200\u20133100 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM 476 (EA), Tothill BH 2362 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0166 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Helichrysumkilimanjari Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed burnt alpine zone, 2800\u20134000 m. Vouchers: \u00c5ke Strid 3428 (S), Hedberg O 890 (S), Granvik H 113 (S), Holm \u00c5 66 (S). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Tropical Africa.EXHelichrysumluteoalbum (L.) Rchb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Old World.Helichrysummaranguense O.Hoffm. \u2013 Habit: Scrambling Shrub. Habitat: Montane rain forest, bamboo zone, 1950\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 147 (EA), Beentje HJ 1997 (WAG), Agnew, ADQ 7260 (WAG), Dummer RA 3591 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0198, SAJIT-PR 0237 . Native distribution range: South Sudan to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Helichrysummeyeri-johannis Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, afro alpine grassland, 2250\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 605, Tothill BH 2405, Thomas AS 2677, Mwangangi OM 322 , \u00c5ke Strid 3427 (S), Hedberg O 130 (S), Gerh Lindblom (S), Arambourg C|Jeannel R|Chapuis PA 83 (P), Lisowski S 57256 (BR), Williams JG 74/19 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0255 . Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.*Helichrysumnewii Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Alpine stony grassland, 3000\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 968 , Tweedie DR 94, 96, 107, 4020 (EA), Taylor G 3721 (EA), Mabberley DJ 453 (EA), Major EJ & Lugard C (EA), Gardner HM 2275 (EA), Bickford N 35 (EA), Gillett JB 18447 (EA), Knox EB 2626, 3758 (EA), Lisowski S 57278, 57279 (BR). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Helichrysumnudifolium (L.) Less. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132900 m. Voucher: Holm \u00c5 66 (S). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Africa, W Yemen.Helichrysumnudifoliumvar.oxyphyllum (DC.) Beentje \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Irwin PH 15 (BR). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Uganda and S Africa.Helichrysumodoratissimum Sweet \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, bushland, giant heat zones, forest margin, 1000\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3607 (K), Granvik H 29 (S), Taiti S 5 , Taylor G 3790 (EA), Tweedie R 15 (EA), Joy Adamson 492 (EA), Katende T; Sheil D 980 (K), 2071 (K), Irwin PH 51 (S), Katende 916 (K), Tothill BH 2367 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.EXHelichrysumpanduratum O.Hoffm. ex De Wild. & T.Durand \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, 1600\u20132900 m. Voucher: Aldasoro J AS-65 (BC). Native distribution range: Gabon to Rwanda and S Africa.Helichrysumschimperi (Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.) Moeser \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane grassland, secondary bushland, riverine forest, giant heath zones, 1600\u20133400 m. Vouchers: Dale 3416 (BR), Beentje HJ 1937 (WAG), Lisowski S 57312 , Agnew ADQ; Agnew S 7255 (WAG), Taylor G 3741 (S), Snowden JD 812 (P), Mwangangi OM 474 (BR), Synge PM S871 (BR), Wood G 152 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0214 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Tropical Africa, Socotra, SW Arabian Peninsula.EXHelichrysumsetosum Harv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane Forest, 1900\u20132750 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR , Mwangangi OM 415 (BR). Native distribution range: S Tropical & S Africa.EXHelichrysumstenopterum DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, forest, bamboo and heath zone, 600\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Kisalye N; van Heist M 405 (K), Naiga 714 (K), Aldasoro J AS-50 (BC), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0167 . Native distribution range: Bioko, S Tropical & S Africa.Helichrysumtraversii Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Woodland edges, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 142 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Hilliardiellasmithiana (Less.) H.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland especially on regularly burnt regions, 1350\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Hoffmannanthusabbotianus (O.Hoffm.) H.Rob., S.C.Keeley & Skvarla \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest edges, riverine forest, 1000\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Inulamannii (Hook.f.) Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane Forest edge, afro-alpine bamboo, scrub, 1700\u20133350 m. Voucher: Maitland TD sn (BR). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Kleiniaabyssinica (A.Rich.) A.Berger \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland with scattered trees, wooded grassland, 1600\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Holm \u00c5 60 (S), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0219 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Kleiniapetraea (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, grassland, bushland, 1800\u20132450 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to Tanzania.Lactucaglandulifera Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane rain forest margin, grassland, bushland, giant heath, 1900\u20133600 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3542 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Lactucainermis Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, disturbed ground along roadside, 500\u20133450 m. Voucher: Arambourg C|Jeannel R|Chappuis PA 109 (MNHN). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula.Lactucaparadoxa Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margins, riverine vegetation, thickets, 1950\u20132650 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3639 (EA) Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi.Laggerabrevipes Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed upland grasslands and forest edges, 1050\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Uganda to S Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Laggeracrispata (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waste ground, moist grassland, wooded grassland, 150\u20132550 m. Voucher: Tweedie 2507 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0156 . Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Laggeraelatior R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet montane forest margins, bamboo zones, in Hagenia woodland, 1600\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Dummer 3694 (EA), \u00c5ke Strid 3414 (S), Hedberg O 152 (UPS). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Launaeacornuta (Hochst. ex Oliv. & Hiern) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, grassland, cultivations and ruderal sites, 1750\u20132300 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea and S Tropical Africa.Launaeanana (Bak.) Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Burnt wooded grassland, wet grassland, 1800\u20132600 m. Voucher: Lugard & Lugard 518 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Linziagerberiformis (Oliv. & Hiern) H.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Burnt grassland, 1100\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Linziaituriensis (Muschl.) H.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Forest, 1200\u20132550 m. Voucher: Lisowski S 57143 (BR). Native distribution range: Cameroon to South Sudan and Tanzania.Lipotrichepungens (Oliv. & Hiern) Orchard \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1650\u20132300 m. Voucher: Tweedie 459 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to Namibia.Micractisbojeri DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Streamside in grassland or forest, seasonally flooded grassland, 1700\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3599 (S), Tweedie 884 (BR). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Malawi, Madagascar.Microglossadensiflora Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Disturbed forests, 1700\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 84 (UPS), Dummer RA 3615 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Microglossapyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: woodland, 1750\u20132650 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1532 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.EXMikaniacordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or subshrub, liane. Habitat: Riverine Forest, 0\u20133000 m. Voucher: Dawkins HC 780 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0184 . Native distribution range: Tropical Old World.Mikaniopsisbambuseti (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Subshrub. Habitat: Montane forest, bamboo forest, 260\u201331500 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1982 (K), 474, 691 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to Uganda.EXMikaniopsisclematoides (Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.) Milne-Redh. \u2013 Habit: Subshrub. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia.Monactinocephaluspaniculatus Klatt \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded upland grassland, 1590\u20132500 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1466 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Nidorellaaegyptiaca (L.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132600 m. Voucher: Lugard C & Lugard EJ 210 (EA). Native distribution range: Africa to Indo-China.Nidorellavernonioides Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small weak tree. Habitat: Upper mountain steep slopes, bamboo zone, 3500\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 555 (EA), Mwangangi OM 366 (EA), Taylor G 3670 (EA), Holm \u00c5 52, 53 (S), Taylor G 3683 (S), Arambourg C|Jeannel R|Chappuis PA 157 158 (MNHN). Native distribution range: Djibouti to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Nidorellawelwitschii S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, alpine zone, moorland, 1800\u20134321 m. Voucher: Tweedie 20 (EA), Taylor 3521 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Orbivestuskaraguensis (Oliv. & Hiern) H.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Herb or weak shrub. Habitat: Wooded grassland, grassland, forest margins, old cultivations, 1200\u20132850 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 1073 (UPS), Holm \u00c5 72 (S). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Orbivestusturbinata (Oliv. & Hiern ex Oliv.) H.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, grassland, 1400\u20132400 m. Voucher: Irwin PH 56 . Native distribution range: DR Congo to Ethiopia and Kenya.Osteospermumvaillantii (Decne.) Norl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest edge, 600\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Bamps PRJ 6502 (BR), Tweedie (S). Native distribution range: S Jordan to NE & E Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Piloselloideshirsuta (Forssk.) C.Jeffrey ex Cufod. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest, grasslands, woodlands, heath and moor, 1500\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 847 (S), Irwin PH 1001 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to China and Indo-China, Lesser Sunda Islands .Seneciocrispatipilosus C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo Forest, heath zone, 2050\u20133050 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 601 (K), Tothill BH T2372 (K), T2290 (K), 2372 (K), Dummer RA 3598 (K). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya.*Seneciohadiensis Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub succulent trailer or climber. Habitat: Upland forest edges, 1000\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 74 (S), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0031 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to Zimbabwe, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula.Seneciohochstetteri Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub with woody ascending stems. Habitat: Grassland, forest margin, wooded grassland, 1200\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Major EJ; Lugard C 541 , Irwin PH 141 (K), Tweedie 1175 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Seneciojacksonii S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine zone, outcrop rock, 3250\u20134150 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM 315 (WAG), (K), Wesche K 30 (K), Lye KA; Pocs T 23089 (K), Tweedie R 8 (K), Hedberg O 4485 , Liebenberg LCC 1583  Ekkens DB 401 (EA), Adamson J 466 (EA), Tothill BH 2416 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya (Mt Elgon).**Seneciomoorei R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, forest clearing, 1800\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Wood G 153 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0236 . Native distribution range: Kenya to Uganda.*Seneciorhammatophyllus Mattf. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moorland with grassland and giant heath, forest edges, 3000\u20134150 m. Vouchers: Taylor G 3500 (EA), Wesche K 90 (K), Hedberg O 866 (K), (S), Lugard C 306 , Osmaston HA 4000 (K), Saunder &Hancock 57, Osmaston 4000 (EA), Hedberg 4513 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya (Mt Elgon).**Senecioruwenzoriensis S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, shallow soil among rocks, cultivations, 1700\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Polhill 401 (EA), Hedberg O 811 (UPS). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Seneciosnowdenii Hutch. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Clearing from bamboo zone, grassland, 2700\u20134250 m. Vouchers: Lind EM 2086 (EA), Friedberg A 146 (EA), Gardner HM 2268 (K), Mwangangi OM 320 (K), Townsend CC 2328 (K), Smith SAL; Beentje, Muasya AM 175 (K), Wesche K 4 (K), Hedberg O 227 (K), Gillett 1867 (EA), Tothill BH 2314 (EA), Thomas AS 2681 (EA), Hedberg 4455 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya (Mt Elgon).**Seneciosotikensis S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or soft shrub. Habitat: Marshy grassland, 3000\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Lugard C; Lugard EJ 416 , Adamson J 481 (EA), Hedberg O 871 (EA), Kokwaro JO 2464 (EA), Gillett JB 18435, (BR), Kokwaro JO 2464 (K), Gillett JB 18435 (K), Snowden JD 482 (K), Wesche K 207 (K), Hedberg O 4453 (UPS), Dummer RA 3324 (EA), Lye et al. 5726 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya (Mt Elgon).**Seneciosyringifolius O.Hoffm. \u2013 Habit: Twining liana. Habitat: Montane forest, bamboo zone, 1500\u20133300 m. Voucher: Hedberg O 58 (S). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Tropical Africa.Seriphiumkilimandscharicum (O.Hoffm.) Koek. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Heath zone, moorland, upper forest edge, (1950\u2013)2400\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1297 (K), Lisowski S 54497 (BR), Dummer RA 3532 (P), Snowden JD 803 (P), Taiti S 582 (EA), Hedberg O 134 (S). Native distribution range: Uganda to N Malawi.EXSolanecioangulatus (Vahl) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Succulent herb. Habitat: Upland forest, woodland edges, riverine and streams, 1000\u20132500 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Mayotte, Madagascar, SW Arabian Peninsula.EXSolaneciomannii (Hook.f.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Disturbed forest, 1400\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 55 (S), Taylor G 3436 (S), Synge PM S 104 (S), Bamps PRJ 6501 (BR). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Solaneciotuberosus (Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, 1200\u20132000 m. Voucher: Tweedie DR 162 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Uganda.Sonchusafromontanus R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, along streamside, forest clearing, 2200\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Lye 5734 (EA), Tweedie 24 (EA), Tweedie R 25 (K), Tweedie 2550 (K). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.EXSonchusasper (L.) Hill \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, cultivation, 1750\u20132550 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1336 (EA). Native distribution range: Temperate Eurasia, N Africa to Sahel and Somalia.Sonchusbipontini Asch. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, bamboo zone, 1700\u20133370 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 66 (K), Tweedie 888 (K), Mwangangi OM 392 (K), Kokwaro JO 2448 (K), Hooper SS; Townsend CC 1389 (K), Hemp A 5416 (W). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Sonchuscamporum (R.E.Fr.) Boulos ex C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rare in upland burnt grassland, 1800\u20132300 m. Voucher: Lugard & Lugard 546 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya.*Sonchusluxurians (R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, grassland, montane forest, 1600\u20133800 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0155 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Burundi and Mozambique.EXSonchusoleraceus L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, cultivations, 1500\u20132700 m. Voucher: Major EJ & Lugard C 457 (EA). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Europe to Mediterranean, Sahara to Arabian Peninsula.Sonchusschweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, weed of cultivtion, roadside, 1700\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM 392 (BR), Agnew ADQ; Agnew S 7250 (WAG). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Sonchusstenophyllus R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest glades, grassland, 1700\u20133300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to Tanzania.*Sphaeranthussuaveolens DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Near fresh stream beds, wet savanna, 1200\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1963 (WAG), Hedberg O 1953 (S), Holm \u00c5 74 (S), Small W 1184 (K). Native distribution range: N Sinai, Egypt to S Tropical Africa.EXTagetesminuta L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland arable land, wet savanna, 850\u20132750 m. Voucher: Hedberg O 6 (S). Native distribution range: Brazil to S South America.Vernonellachthonocephala (O.Hoffm.) H.Rob. & Skvarla \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonally burnt grasslands, 1050\u20132100 m. Voucher: James (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Vernoniagalamensis (Cass.) Less. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland edges, 800\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 726 (K), Lugard C; Lugard EJ 252 (K), Bridson DM 70 (WAG), Smith CE; Njoroge D 4640 (K). Native distribution range: Africa.Vernoniaholstii O.Hoffm. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest margin, secondary bushland, 1000\u20132100 m. Voucher: Tweedie 3729 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Kenya and Zimbabwe.EXVernoniaschweinfurthii Oliv. & Hiern \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, short grassland, scattered tree grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1115 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Vernoniasyringifolia O.Hoffm. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or weak shrub. Habitat: Montane rain forest, forest margin, secondary woodland or bush, 2000\u20133050 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3500 (EA), Agnew ADQ; Agnew S 7283 (WAG), Taylor G 3794 (S), Irwin PH 45 (S). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa.1 Genus, 10 speciesImpatiensdigitatasubsp.phlyctidoceras (Bullock) Grey-Wilson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 3500\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Sheil|Musinguzi RD 1809 (MO), Dale IR, Dale in FD 3201 (MO), Lugard CE 313 (MO). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Mt Elgon).**Impatiensdigitata Warb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest floor, moorland, about 3500 m. Voucher: Lugard C 313 . Native distribution range: Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania (Mt Kilimanjaro).*Impatienshochstetteri Warb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Stream banks in forest, woodland, 1000\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Knox EB 2633 (EA), Tweedie EM 3603 (K), Synge PM S1056 (BR), Synge PM S 1037 (WAG), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0004 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Impatiensmeruensis Gilg \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: streamside, marshes, forest, 1000\u20133550 m. Vouchers: Knox EB 2640, 3832 (EA), Bridson DM 72 (EA), Jack C 110 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0048 . Native distribution range: N Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan.Impatiensmeruensissubsp.cruciata (T.C.E.Fr.) Grey-Wilson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist shaded forest fringes, bushland, bamboo, 2250\u20133630 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 886 (K), Bridson DM 72 (K), Tweedie 365 (K), Tweedie 1437 (K). Native distribution range: Sudan to Kenya.*Impatiensminiata Grey-Wilson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, forest fringes, bamboo thickets, 2850\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 7A (EA), Thomas AS 510, 225 (EA), Lye 5748 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Mt Elgon).**Impatienssodenii Engl. & Warb. ex Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Escarpment zones and waterfalls, 1000\u20132700 m. Voucher: Granvik H sn (S). Native distribution range: Kenya to N & E Tanzania.Impatienstinctoria A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waterfalls and stream banks, forests, 1800\u20133630 m. Vouchers: Knox EB 2639 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0043 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Uganda.Impatienstinctoriasubsp.elegantissima (Gilg) Grey-Wilson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, forest, 1800\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie (K), Lind EM 437 (K), Snowden JD 507 (K), Bridson DM 73 (K). Native distribution range: SE Uganda to Kenya.Impatienstweedieae E.A.Bruce \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest and forest floor, upland grassland, 3000\u20133750 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1926 (MO), Synge 891 (EA), Morrison MES 258a (MO), Tweedie 366 , 367 (K), Adamson 53 (EA), Adamson J 503 (MO), Thomas AS 2709 (MO), Thomas AS 585 (MO), 2709 (EA), Tweedie EM 367 (MO), Taylor 3737 (S). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Mt Elgon).**1 Genus, 1 speciesEXBasellaalba L. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Riverine forest, forest edges, margins of cultivated land, 1500\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2043 (EA), Irwin PH 526 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Asia.1 Genus, 1 speciesBegoniawollastonii Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Spray of waterfall, forest, 1750\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 2578 (EA), Wesche 600 (EA), Tweedie 1485 (EA), Synge PM 1036 (WAG). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to SW Tanzania.3 Genera, 4 speciesKigeliaafricana (Lam.) Benth. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S AfricaKigeliaafricanasubsp.moosa (Sprague) Bidgood & Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, upland bushland, spray of waterfall, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 866 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Markhamialutea K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ghana to South Sudan and Tanzania.Stereospermumkunthianum Cham. \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Rwaburindore PK 5621 (MO). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.6 Genera, 16 speciesCordiaafricana Lam. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 926 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, Comoros, Madagascar.Cynoglossumaequinoctiale T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, 1770\u20132870 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 12 (K), Saundy; Hancock 95 . Native distribution range: Kenya to N Zambia.Cynoglossumamplifolium Hochst. ex A.DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, forest, bamboo zonne, 1800\u20133430 m. Voucher: Tweedie 4097 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Cynoglossumamplifoliumvar.subalpinum (T.C.E.Fr.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Upper forest edge, acacia woodland, bamboo forest, 1800\u20133200 m. Voucher: Tweedie 4097 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria, Cameroon, SE Ethiopia to Tanzania.Cynoglossumcheranganiense Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland with scattered bamboo, Junipera-Hagenia clumps, 2400\u20133270 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1644 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya.Cynoglossumcoeruleum Hochst. ex DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest clearing and pathside, 1100\u20133200 m. Vouchers: Symes YE 241 (EA), Lind EM 430 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0119 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Cynoglossumcoeruleumsubsp.johnstonii (Baker) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, overgrazed grassland, waste ground, 2400\u20133650 m. Voucher: Bei 66283 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to N Malawi.Cynoglossumcoeruleumsubsp.kenyense Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, grassland with scattered trees, 1440\u20133150 m. Voucher: Symes 241 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to N Tanzania.Cynoglossumcoeruleumvar.mannii (Baker & C.H.Wright) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Submontane forest, swamp, bamboo thickets, margins of cultivated land, 1740\u20133150 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3601 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Africa.Cynoglossumlanceolatum Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed and in disturbed grasslands, 1100\u20133220 m. Vouchers: Lugard 175 (EA), Snowden JD 886 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0134 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to Tropical & Subtropical Asia.Ehretiacymosavar.silvatica (Gurke) Brenan \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, riverine forest,1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ & Lugard C 554a, Jackson THE 305 (EA), Tweedie 2587 (EA), Jack C 166, 276 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Tropical Africa.Lithospermumafromontanum Weim. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest edges, moorland, upper Hagenia- Rapanea woodland, heath zone, 2100\u20134000 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3433 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to South Africa.Myosotisabyssinica Boiss. & Reut. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, grasslands, moorland zone, 2000\u20133960 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1898 (EA), Hedberg O 187, 4565 (EA). Native distribution range: Bioko to Cameroon, Ethiopia to Tanzania.Myosotiskeniensis T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Mat-forming herb. Habitat: Grassland tussock in dendrosenecio associations, 3350\u20134320 m. Voucher: Bie SW 302 (EA). Native distribution range: S Central Ethiopia, Central Kenya.Myosotisvestergrenii Stroh \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine and heath zone, 2000\u20134250 m. Vouchers: Bally J 472, Tweedie DR 4, 123 (EA), Trelawny BBR 4467 (EA), Adamson J 472 (EA), Gardner HM 2247 (EA), Hedberg O 215 (EA) Bickford N 6 (EA) Lind EM 2094 (EA), Forbes 259 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical AfricaTrichodesmaphysaloides A.DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, bushland, 1050\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 138 (EA), Snowden JD 821 (EA), Webster MVB 8916 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to South Africa.11 Genera, 16 speciesArabidopsisthaliana (L.) Heynh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland bushland and moor, disturbed alpine grassland, 1750\u20134250 m. Voucher: Sound & Hancock 39 (EA), Tothill BH 2450 (EA), Hedberg 943 (EA). Native distribution range: Temperate Eurasia to Tropical African Mountains.Arabisalpina L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moor, stream banks, cliffs, 2450\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Taylor 3531 (EA), Wesche K 206 (K), 1247 (EA), Dummer RA 3438 (K), Hedberg O 1002 , 969 (EA), Townsend CC 2323 (K), Bickford N 16, 43 (EA), Gardner HM 2244 (EA), Adamson J 473 (EA), Tweedie DR 108 (EA), Synge PM 943 (EA). Native distribution range: N and Central Europe to W Central Siberia, N & E Canada to Greenland.Barbareaintermedia Boreau \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moor, alpine zone, disturbed ground, streamside, 3000\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Adamson J 495 (K), Hedberg O 1013 , Townsend CC 2331 , Dale IR 3391 , Major EJ; Lugard C 393 (K), Major EJ; Lugard C 419 (K), Ekkens DB 2476 (EA). Native distribution range: Central & S Europe to NW China and E Uganda.EXBrassicajuncea (L.) Czern. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivation, forest, 1650\u20132000 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1136A (EA). Native distribution range: North Caucasus, Transcaucus, a cultigen from China.EXBrassicanapus L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shrubland, 1700\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1136 (EA). Native distribution range: A cultigen from S Europe.EXCapsellabursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivated grounds, forest, woodland, 1500\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Stunrock BM 2207 (EA), Beentje HJ 1945 (EA). Native distribution range: Temperate Eurasia, N Africa.Cardamineafricana L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, stream side, 2200\u20133400 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 5081 (UPS), H 1048 , Wesche K 480 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, India to W Malesia, Central & S Tropical America.Cardaminehirsuta L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 500\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 268 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0147 . Native distribution range: Temperate & Subtropical Northern Hemisphere to Tropical African Mountains.Cardamineobliqua Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine belt, montane forest, 2000\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 862 (K), 4464 (EA), 4521 , Bush RZ 249 (EA), Bickford N 57 (EA), Irwin PH 361 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 355 (EA), Synge 958 (EA), Tweedie DR 70 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania, Mexico to Ecuador.Cardaminetrichocarpa Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside, forest clearings, 950\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: S Cameroon to Ethiopia and Tanzania, South Africa, India to Assam, Sri Lanka.Crambekilimandscharica O.E.Schulz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest clearing, weed in cultivated land, 1200\u20133400 m. Vouchers: Hedberg KO 4474 , Muthoka P & Kirika P 1178 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to E DR Congo.Erucastrumarabicum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, 1750\u20133170 m. Voucher: Symes YE 119 (EA). Native distribution range: Egypt to Namibia, Arabian Peninsula.Erucastrumelgonense Jonsell \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, ericaceous scrub, 3050\u20133400 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 586 (EA), Tothill BH 2346 (EA), Hedberg Olov 4475 . Native distribution range: Uganda (Mt Elgon).EXMummenhoffiaalliacea (L.) Esmailbegi & Al-Shehbaz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forests, upland moor, stream banks, bamboo, 3000\u20133600 m. Voucher: Hedberg 997 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central & S Europe to N Turkey.Oreophytonfalcatum O.E.Schulz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine zone, rock crevices, 3800\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Hedberg in Adamson J 500 & Hedberg 978 (EA), Tweedie 70 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical African Mountains.Subulariamonticola A.Braun ex Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Tufted herb. Habitat: Upland rain-forest, moorland, ericaceous and alpine zone, 2750\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 1016 (EA), Synge PM 886 (EA), Wesche K 1941 (EA). Native distribution range: Mountains of Ethiopia to E DR Congo and N Tanzania.4 Genera, 24 speciesCanarinaabyssinica Engl. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Forest, wooded grassland, along streams, 1925\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 860 (EA), Lind EM 262 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Canarinaeminii Asch. & Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Climbing (or hanging if epiphyte) herb. Habitat: Montane Forest, Outcrop rocks, 1600\u20133200 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 158 (EA), Thomson 2253 (EA), Rwaburindore PK 469 (WAG), Norman EM 223 (K), Andersen 327 (S), Granvik H 331 (S). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Malawi.Lobeliaaberdarica R.E.Fr. & T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Swamps in the moorland, 1860\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Dale IR 3200 (EA), Awich Y 607 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 434 (EA), Tweedie R 109 (EA), Knox EB 3769, 3768, 3767, 2615 (EA), Hedberg O 1045 (S), Thomas AS 654 (EA), Synge 872 (EA), Hedberg 4536 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Aberdare Range).*Lobeliacheranganiensis Thulin \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Upland Forest and moor, 2750\u20133300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya.Lobeliaduriprati T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet montane short grassland, 1700\u20133550 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0109 . Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Lobeliafervens Thunb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, upper forest edge, 1750\u20133150 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa, W Indian Ocean.Lobeliaflaccida A.DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest margin, 1220\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 33 (EA), Knox EB 2607, 2631, 2638, 2643, 3833 (EA), Beentje HJ 1936 (EA), Webster MVB 8909 (EA), Gilbert MG & Tadesse M 6553 (EA), Symes YE 415 (EA), Bitsford N 49 (EA), Granvik H 254 (S). Native distribution range: Sudan to S Africa.Lobeliaflaccidasubsp.granvikii (T.C.E.Fr.) Thulin \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1524 m. Vouchers: Lugard E 149 (K), Dummer RA 3722 (K). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Kenya.Lobeliagiberroa Hemsl. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Disturbed places of montane forests, 1590\u20133000 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3575 (US). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Zambia.Lobeliagregorianasubsp.elgonensis (R.E.Fr. & T.C.E.Fr.) E.B.Knox \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest, moorland, 3450\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Adamson J 499 (EA), Hedberg KO 922 , Synge PM 911 , Lindblom sn (K), Liebenberg LCC 1674 , Katende AB 318 (MO), Dale U70 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Cherangani Hills & Mt Elgon).*EXLobeliaheyneana Roem. & Schult. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, lower and upper forest edge, 1750\u20133150 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Zambia, Arabian Peninsula, China (Yunnan) to Tropical Asia.Lobeliainconspicua A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Short grassland and disturbed grounds, 1220\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Lobelialindblomii Mildbr. \u2013 Habit: Creeping/ mat-forming herb. Habitat: Alpine and subalpine grassland, 3100\u20134250 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 123, 4499 (EA), Major EJ; Lugard C 432 (K), 433 (K), Tweedie DR 4017 (K), Adamson J 502 (K), Mabberley DJ 468 , Knox EB 3837 (EA), Williams Y & Beentje 1999 (EA), Rauh W 586 (EA), Bickford N 6 (EA), Thomas AS 602 (EA), Wood 111 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa .*Lobeliaminutula Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, moorland, forest margin, 2125\u20133350 m. Voucher: Ekkens DB 415 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to E Tropical Africa.Lobelianeumannii T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, 1850\u20132750 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to Kenya.Lobeliatelekii Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet stony grounds in moorlands, 3000\u20135000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 26 (EA), Synge PM 5901 , Hedberg O 861 (EA) Mwangangi OM 338 (EA), Ekkens DB 776 (EA), Honore EJ 2519 (EA), Dale IR 3194 (EA), Knox EB 2624 (EA), Tothill BH 2412 , Eggeling WJ 5751 (EA), Dummer RA 3385 , Tweedie DR Mrs 8 (K), Liebenberg LCC 1617 (EA), Thomas AS 629 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa .*Monopsisstellarioides Urb. \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Paddock, roadside, alpine grassland, 1650\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Symes YE 519 (EA), Hedberg O 909 (EA), Webster MVB 8912 (EA), Beentje HJ 1964 (EA), KnoX EB 3834 (EA), Tweedie EM 126 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, ComorosWahlenbergiacapillacea A.DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bamboo zone, 2300\u20133500 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Africa.Wahlenbergiahirsuta (Edgew.) Tuyn \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, waste land, roadside, 1650\u20132120 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to Himalaya.Wahlenbergiakrebsii Cham. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, Lower alpine and heath zones, upper forest margins, 2130\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3515 (US), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0143, SAJIT-PR 0265 . Native distribution range: Bioko to Ethiopia and S Africa.Wahlenbergianapiformis (A.DC.) Thulin \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, grassland, old cultivations, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Central African Republic to Ethiopia and Namibia.Wahlenbergiapusilla Hochst. ex A.Rich \u2013 Habit: Mat forming Herb. Habitat: Alpine and moor zone, 2800\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 140 (K) 3250 (EA), Wesche K 329 (K), Taylor G 3536 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Wahlenbergiasilenoides Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, moorland, forest margin, 2200\u20133350 m. Voucher: Tweedie 3534 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Wahlenbergiavirgata Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grasslands, 1680\u20132700 m. Voucher: Hedberg 26 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.1 Genus, 1 speciesWarburgiaugandensis Sprague \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Riverine, upland forest, wooded grassland, 1600\u20132400 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0013 . Native distribution range: SE Ethiopia to Malawi.1 Genus, 1 speciesCeltisafricana Burm.f. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0042 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar.3 Genera, 3 speciesCapparisfascicularis DC. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland, forest edge, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Maeruaangolensis DC. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Grassland, forest edge, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Ritchieaalbersii Gilg \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Upland forest margin, 2250\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0066 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.4 Genera, 5 speciesCephalariapungens Szabo \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane and subalpine grassland, 2500\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: W Kenya to S Africa.Dipsacuspinnatifidus Steud. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper Forest, lower alpine zone, heath woodland, 2000\u20133950 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 1027 (EA), Lisowski S 11786 (BR), Liebenberg 1614 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0251 . Native distribution range: Mountains of NE and E Tropical Africa to DR Congo, Cameroon.Scabiosacolumbaria L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, upland grassland, grass-moor rocky heathland, upper forest bushland, 2200\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0135 , Lisowski S 11788 (BR). Native distribution range: Europe to Iran and Arabian Peninsula, NW Africa, Tropical African Mountains.Valerianakilimandscharica Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Upland moor, alpine zone, along streams, 2800\u20134500 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 1549 (EA), Siemens LA 2572 (EA), Adamson J 18226 (EA), 476 (K), Hedberg O 210, 961 (EA), Lugard C & Lugard EJ 2954 (EA), Tweedie DR 73, 119 (EA), Dale IR 3180 , Battiscombe E 676 (EA), Lugard EJ 404 (K), Thomas 617 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical African Mountains.*Valerianavolkensii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Streamside, marshes, bamboo zone, upland forest and upland moor, 2300\u20133400 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 313, Hedberg O 257 (S), Synge PM 1872 (S), Tweedie EM 892 (K), Kisalye N; Heist M van 401 (WAG), Gillett JB 18414 (BR), Tothill BH 2357 (EA), Dummer RA 3577 (K). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical African Mountains.6 Genera, 12 speciesCerastiumafromontanum T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Prostrate herb. Habitat: Short grassland, upland moor, alpine zone, 2300\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Friis I & Hansen OJ 2564 (EA), Tweedie 36 (EA), Bickford N 47 (EA), Adamson J 494 (EA), Lugard C 324 (K), Beentje HJ 1981 , Gillett JB 18455 (K), Dale IR 3203 . Native distribution range: South Sudan (Imotong Mountains) to Tanzania.Cerastiumlanceolatum (Poir.) Volponi \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Forest edge, wet grassland, 1500\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Hamilton & Perrott 76/524 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, R\u00e9union, S India, Sri Lanka, S Malesia to New Guinea.Cerastiumoctandrum Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grassland, upland moor and bushland, 2500\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Rich A 58(EA), Hedberg O 188, 97(EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and Tanzania.EXCorrigiolalitoralis L. \u2013 Habit: Prostrate herb. Habitat: Roadside, disturbed grounds, 2350\u20133600 m. Voucher: Mwangangi OM 448 (BR). Native distribution range: Europe, S Tropical & S Africa.Drymariacordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult. \u2013 Habit: Straggling soft herb. Habitat: Forest edges, roadsides, 1350\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1927 (EA), Kahuho SK 3 (EA). Native distribution range: Mexico to S Tropical America, Tropical & S Africa.Saginaabyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine belt, riverbank, upland moor, 2150\u20134250 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1820, 1689 (K), Hedberg O 4548 (EA), Horu PH 364 (EA), Rauh W 591 (EA), Hedberg 870 (S), Lisowski S 80258 (BR). Native distribution range: Bioko to Ethiopia and N Tanzania.Saginaafroalpina Hedberg \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moorland, 3150\u20134321 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Sileneburchellii Otth \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest, moorland, alpine zone, 1900\u20134050 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 951 , Tweedie 72 (EA), Jeaudui DR 116 (EA), Bickford NB 44 (EA), Lisowski S 80284 (BR). Native distribution range: South Africa.EXSilenegallica L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside and in cultivation, 1960\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, W Europe to Mediterranean.Silenesyngei (Turrill) T.Harris & Goyder \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, upland moor 3750 m. Vouchers: Synge PM 1912 . Native distribution range: Uganda (Mt Elgon).**EXStellariamedia (L.) Vill. \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Montane forest floor, Introduced weed in cultivation, 1250\u20132520 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1692 (EA). Native distribution range: Temperate Eurasia, N & NE Tropical Africa.Stellariasennii Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Forest edges, path sides, 1750\u20133600 m. Voucher: Tweedie 107 (K). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.5 Genera, 7 speciesCathaedulis (Vahl) Endl. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen forest, woodland on rocky hills, 1100\u20131800(\u20132400) m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 872 (EA), Eggeling WJ 2478 (BR), Snowden JD 966 (BR), Styles B 302 (BR). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Yemen.Elaeodendronbuchananii Loes. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, 1070\u20132290 m. Vouchers: Jackson L 328, 318 (EA), Mathews PM 225 (EA), Dale IR 339 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Gymnosporiaarbutifolia Loes. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Woodland and forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 525 (BR), Dale IR U12 (BR). Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Central Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Gymnosporiaobscura Loes. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, forest margin, grassland, 2100\u20132550 m. Voucher: Lugard C 612 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Burundi and N Tanzania.Gymnosporiasenegalensis Loes. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Wet savanna and woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Harrington GN 509 (EA), Snowden JD 839 (EA), Dale IR 790(EA), Tnysnell CG 2370 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0011, SAJIT-PR 0188 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Maytenusundata (Thunb.) Blakelock \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: woodland, forest, riverine forest, 1750\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Bridson D 78 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0044 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Pristimeragoetzei (Loes.) R.H.Archer \u2013 Habit: Liana. Habitat: Moist forest, riverine forest, 90\u20133000 m. Voucher: St Clair Thompson in Eggeling 393 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Malawi.1 Genus, 2 speciesCleomegynandra L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grounds, cultivations, roadside, wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Cleomemonophylla L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grassland/woodland, 20\u20132100 m. Voucher: Tweedie 668 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India, Sri Lanka.2 Genera, 5 speciesCombretumcollinum Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Dale IR 3098 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 524 (EA), Templer JC 8 (EA). Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa.Combretumcollinumsubsp.binderianum (Kotschy) Okafa \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1100\u20132300 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Combretumcollinumsubsp.elgonense (Exell) Okafa \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1100\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Bally 2481 (EA), Major EJ; Lugard C 524 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zambia.Combretummolle R.Br. ex G.Don \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Brown ES 755 (EA), Snowden JD 837, 1063 (EA), Dale IR (3105), Major C & Lugard EJ 286 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Terminalia mollis M.A.Lawson \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, woodland, 1750\u20132170 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.4 Genera, 14 speciesAstripomoeagrantii (Rendle) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, bushland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Chater-Jack 125 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Astripomoeamalvaceavar.parviflora (Rendle) Staples \u2013 Habit: Sub-shrubby herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, bushland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Convolvuluskilimandschari Engl. \u2013 Habit: Climber. Habitat: Upland forest, woodland, bamboo thickets, upland moor, 1800\u20133750 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 155 (EA), Tweedie EM 1786 (K), 1785 (K) 1585 (K), Wesche K 778 (EA), Tweedie 1585 (EA), Dummer RA 3585 (EA), Lienberg 1612 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0176 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Cuscutakilimanjari Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest, 1500\u20131020 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 801 (K), Dawkins 783 (EA), Snowden JD 854 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, Madagascar.Cuscutaplaniflora Ten. \u2013 Habit: Twining herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 2055 (K). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Mediterranean to NW India, Eritrea to S Africa, Madagascar.Ipomoeabiflora Pers. \u2013 Habit: Twinning Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, bushlands, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Kisalye N; van Heist M 284 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Ipomoeacairica (L.) Sweet \u2013 Habit: Twiner. Habitat: Forest, woodland, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean, Arabian Peninsula to Temperate E AsiaIpomoeafulvicaulis Boiss. ex Hallier f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, outcrop rock, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 583, 672 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Botswana.Ipomoeahildebrandtii Vatke \u2013 Habit: Sub-woody shrublet. Habitat: Grassland, 150\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Human observation (1.351001 N 34.507378 E). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Rwanda and Tanzania.Ipomoeakituiensis Vatke \u2013 Habit: Shrublet. Habitat: Forest, grassland, bushlands, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Ipomoeaoenotherae Hallier f. \u2013 Habit: Erect or prostrate herb. Habitat: Seasonally moist grassland, outcrop rock, 990\u20132190 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Ipomoeapolymorpha Roem. & Schult. \u2013 Habit: Erect or prostrate herb. Habitat: Grassland and moist bushland, 1750\u20131920 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Old World to Australia.Ipomoeatenuirostris Choisy \u2013 Habit: Twinning or prostrate herb. Habitat: Forest and woodland, 1650\u20132710 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 146 (EA), Tweedie EM 350 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Ipomoeawightii Choisy \u2013 Habit: Twinning or prostrate herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, montane forest edges, 1040\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Howard S, Irwin PH 150 , Tweedie EM 384 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, Madagascar, India to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka.2 Genera, 2 speciesAlangiumchinense (Lour.) Harms \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Upland forest, 750\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Katende T; Sheil D 697 (K), Snowden JD 1079 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to SE Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa, Tropical & Subtropical Asia.Cornusvolkensii Harms \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Eggeling WJ 2458 (MO), Eggeling 1050 (EA), George Taylor 3468 (NHMK), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0228 . Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa4 Genera, 16 speciesCrassulaalata (Viv.) A.Berger \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, shallow soils, 1350\u20132700 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: S & E Mediterranean to China (NW Yunnan).Crassulaalatasubsp.pharnaceoides (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Wickens & M.Bywater \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to S Africa and Arabian Peninsula.Crassulaalba Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, rocky grassland, 1500\u20134000 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0094 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Crassulaalsinoides Engl. \u2013 Habit: Sprawling or prostrate herb. Habitat: Montane forests, 1475\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1807B (K), Alan C Hamilton 6601 (MO), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0266 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar.Crassulagranvikii Mildbr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forests, 1650\u20134500 m. Vouchers: Lye 5721 (EA), Lugard EJ; Lugard C 422 (K), Beentje HJ 1993 (WAG), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0025 , PK Rwaburindore 447 (MO). Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Malawi, to Yemen.Crassularhodesica (Merxm.) Wickens & M.Bywater \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest clearings, rocky grassland, 1200\u20132378 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to Namibia.Crassulaschimperi C.A.Mey. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper Forest edge, 3000\u20134100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2767, Wood GH (K), Tweedie EM 21 (MO), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0092 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to Himalaya.Crassulaschimperisubsp.phyturus (Mildbr.) R.Fern. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest on moist rocks in crevices, 1050\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 4492 (EA), Tweedie 2767 (EA), Kisalye N et al. 04 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0138 . Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa, and Yemen.Kalanchoecrenata (Andrews) Haw. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, bushland, grassland, moist rocks, 1650\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1032 (EA), Tengecho B 383 (EA), Jack C 164 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Kalanchoedensiflora Rolfe \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed places, woodland, forest, upper foerest edge, 1750\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Bamps PRJ 6495 (EA), (BR), Symes YE 246 (EA), Jack C 398 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0221 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E DR Congo and Tanzania.EXKalanchoeintegra Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Asia.Kalanchoelanceolata Pers. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open woodland, wooded grassland, 950\u20132100 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Madagascar, SW Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent.Kalanchoeprittwitzii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Jack C 396 (EA), Snowden JD 943 (EA), Symes YE 245 (EA), Lugard C & Lugard EJ 115 (EA). Native distribution range: E Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Sedummeyeri-johannis Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest, heathland, 3200\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 2703 (EA), Dale U 848 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Sedumruwenzoriense Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Succulent herb. Habitat: Upland heath and upland moor, in rock crevices in heath zone, 2400\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Wood GH 124 (EA), Mwangangi OM 3871, Mwangangi OM 318 , Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0132 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Rwanda.Umbilicus botryoides Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock crevices montane forest, 2250\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Rose 10216 (EA), Wesche K 588 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Eritrea to Tanzania.9 Genera, 13 speciesCocciniaadoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cogn. \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Grassland, moist forest, woodland, 1600\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Bally 251 (EA), Polhill 400 (S), Norman EM 225 (K), Taylor G 3787 (S). Native distribution range: Ghana to Eritrea and S Africa.Cucumisficifolius A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland roadsides, 1200\u20132800 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1061 (EA). Native distribution range: Mauritania to Ethiopia and Tanzania, SW Arabian Peninsula.Cucumismaderaspatanus L. \u2013 Habit: climber or trailer Herb. Habitat: Riverine margins, woodland, bushland, upland forest, 0\u20131800 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 2247 . Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Lagenariaabyssinica (Hook.f.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Bushland, montane forest, 900\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM 450 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0169 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to DR Congo and Tanzania.Momordicacissoides Planch. ex Benth. \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Riverine and rainforest, 1190\u20131830 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1040 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Momordicafoetida Schumach. \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Forest edges, old cultivations, disturbed regions, 1200\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1097 (K), Cheseny CM 40 (BR), Lind EM 114 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0075, SAJIT-PR 0173 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Momordicafriesiorum (Harms) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Upland Forest edges, wet bushlands, 1700\u20132850 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 915 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Malawi.Oreosyceafricana Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: climber or trailer Herb. Habitat: Bamboo Forest, swamps, grassland edges, 1500\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1190 (EA). Native distribution range: Bioko to Ethiopia and South Africa, Madagascar.Peponiumelgonense N.Wei, G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang \u2013 Habit: Vine. Habitat: Open grassland, moist rock wall of a steep cliff, 2565 m. Vouchers: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0121, SAJIT-PR 0152 . Native distribution range: Kenya.EXSicyospolyacanthos Cogn. \u2013 Habit: climber or trailer Herb. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie DR 4133 (WAG). Native distribution range: Bolivia to Brazil and N Argentina.Trochomeriamacrocarpa Harv. \u2013 Habit: Trailing or climbing herb. Habitat: Tree grassland, woodland, 1000\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Lugard E 143 (K), Tweedie EM 1101 (K), Polhill 414 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Zehneriaminutiflora (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey \u2013 Habit: Prostrate herb. Habitat: Upland moist forest edges, bamboo thickets, grassland, 1100\u20133350 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Zehneriascabra Sond. \u2013 Habit: climber or trailer Herb. Habitat: Forest edges, old cultivated bushlands, wet savanna, riverine forest, grass thickets, 1000\u20133350 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1384 (BR), Tweedie DR 4073 (WAG), Tweedie EM 1384 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0030, SAJIT-PR 0079 . Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.2 Genera, 3 speciesDiospyrosabyssinica (Hiern) F.White \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane Forest, open bushland woodland, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Eucleadivinorum Hiern \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Grassland, open bushland, montane forest, 1750\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Jackson THE 329a (MO), Taiti S 612 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0002 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Euclearacemosasubsp.schimperi (A.DC.) F.White \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Egypt to S Africa, S Arabian Peninsula, Comoros.2 Genera, 7 speciesAgaristasalicifolia G.Don \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, moist forest, heath zones, 1750\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3619 (US), St Clair-Thompson GW 2/40 (BR), Wesche K 944 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0129 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, W Indian OceanEricaarborea L. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Heath, woodland, alpine, 1800\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 2066 (EA), Wesche K 98 (EA), Kokwaro JO 2547 (EA), Taylor G de C 3448 (EA), Watere 10513 (EA), Gardner HM 2253 (EA), Leyard WC 2964 (EA), Tothill BH 2293 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0151 . Native distribution range: Mediterranean to W Transcaucasus, Tropical African Mountains, Arabian Peninsula.Ericafilago (Alm & T.C.E.Fr.) Beentje \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Disturbed or burnt areas in alpine, heath, moorland zone, 2000\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 124, 854 (EA), Major ES; Lugard C 483 (K), Adamson J 485 (K), Hedberg O 874 (K), Dale IR 3096 (K), Dale IR 3184 (K), Dummer RA 3355 (US), Thomas AS 606 (BR). Native distribution range: Kenya to N Malawi.Ericamannii (Hook.f.) Beentje \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Upper forest edge, moorland, 3150\u20134050 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1154 , Hedberg O 850 (K), Synge PM S986 (BR) Native distribution range: Nigeria to Cameroon, Bioko, Uganda to S Tropical Africa.Ericasilvatica (Engl.) Beentje \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Short grasslands, moorland, heath zones, bamboo clearing, forest edges, 1650\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1814 (EA), Dummer RA 3503 (K), 3509 (US), Hedberg KO 4555 (BR), 4535 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical African Mountains.Ericatrimera (Engl.) Beentje \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Moorland, rain forest, 3150\u20134321 m. Voucher: Taylor G 3524 (BR). Native distribution range: E Central Tropical Africa (Ruwenzori Mountains).Ericatrimerasubsp.elgonensis (Mildbr.) Beentje \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Moorland, 3450\u20133800 m. Vouchers: Saundy & Hancock 63 (EA), Hedberg 4529 (EA), Lye & Pocs 23079 (EA), Lindblom GSN (BR), Wesche K 1014 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Mt Elgon).**8 Genera, 29 speciesAcalyphapolymorpha M\u00fcll.Arg. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed or burnt grassland, open woodland, 1700\u20132300 m. Voucher: James (EA). Native distribution range: Central & E Tropical Africa.Acalyphapsilostachya Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Moist rain forest, grassland, rocky woodland, 520\u20133050 m. Vouchers: Dawkins HC 779 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Acalyphavolkensii Pax \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest undergrowth, bushland, 800\u20132700 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Burundi.Clutiaabyssinica Jaub. & Spach \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Upland forest and edges, bushlands, wooded grassland, riverine thickets, 1500\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 2062 (WAG), Mwangangi OM 335 (BR), Cheseny CM 15 (RSA), Katende AB 3604 (MO), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0208, SAJIT-PR 0074 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Clutiaabyssinicavar.pedicellaris (Pax) Pax \u2013 Habit: Herb, shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, woodland, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi.Clutiakilimandscharica Engl. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, upper forest edge, moorland, 2250\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 656 (EA), Tothill BH 2303 (EA), Eggeling 2461 (EA). Native distribution range: Somalia to Zimbabwe.Clutialanceolatasubsp.robusta (Pax) M.G.Gilbert \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, upper forest edge, moorland, 2400\u20133350 m. Vouchers: Kokwaro JO 2439 (BR), Taylor PG 3621 (BR). Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Crotonmacrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 869, 870 , Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0076 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Euphorbiabrevicornu Pax \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist open forest, 2200\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Gillett 18429 , Lugard EJ; Lugard C 380 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0220 . Native distribution range: Kenya, Uganda.Euphorbiabrunellii Chiov. \u2013 Habit: hairless from a fleshy tuber with apex at soil level. Habitat: Grassland, 1100\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 355 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Uganda.Euphorbiacrotonoides Boiss. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grounds, outcrop rock, open woodland, forest edge, 800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0077 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Euphorbiadepauperata Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1900\u20133200 m. Voucher: Tweedie DR 2521 (WAG). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Euphorbiaengleri Pax \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane rain forest, 1500\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM & Kanuri F. 342 (BR), Tweedie 494 (K), Dale IR U849 (K), Hedberg O 93 (K), Wesche K 1313 (K). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Euphorbiaheterospina S.Carter \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, rock slopes, 550\u20131600 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1046 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya, Uganda.EXEuphorbiahirta L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, cultivation, forest, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical America.Euphorbiainaequilatera Sond. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132500 m. Voucher: Hedberg 41 (EA). Native distribution range: Africa to Pakistan.EXEuphorbiamurielii N.E.Br. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, rocky slopes, open wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Sudan.EXEuphorbiaprostrata Aiton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed lawns, grasslands, roadside, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Central & S USA to Tropical & Subtropical America.EXEuphorbiarubella Pax \u2013 Habit: Tuber. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia.Euphorbiaschimperiana Scheele \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, montane forest edge, roadside, 1600\u20133760 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Euphorbiasystyloides Pax \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Uganda to S Tropical Africa.Euphorbiaugandensis Pax & K.Hoffm. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or Shrub. Habitat: Bamboo zone, forest clearing, 1980\u20133350 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2275 (EA), Tweedie EM 2521 (K). Native distribution range: SW Uganda to N Malawi.*Euphorbiawellbyi N.E.Br. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper montane forest edge, moorland, 2300\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 462 (EA), VC Hedberg E 3 (EA), Hedberg 214 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Euphorbiawellbyivar.glabra S.Carter \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Heathland, forest edge, 3200\u20134080 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 4550 (K), Lisowski S 12913 (BR), Snowden JD 462 (EA), Liebenberg 1625 (EA), Wood G 150 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Tanzania.Macarangacapensis (Baill.) Sim \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Evergreen Forest, 10\u20133050 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 815 (EA). Native distribution range: Gabon to Kenya and S Africa.Macarangakilimandscharica Pax \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 906 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Neoboutoniamacrocalyx Pax \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Styles B 306 (BR), Synge PM S789 (BR). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Uganda and S Tropical Africa.EXRicinuscommunis L. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Woodland edges, 900\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Padwa JH 40 (EA), Jack C 184 (EA). Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa.Tragiabrevipes Pax \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest, woodland, wooded grassland, 600\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Somalia and Zimbabwe.48 Genera, 168 speciesAdenocarpusmannii Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane forest, grassland, rock outcrop on moorland, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical African Mountains to Namibia.Aeschynomeneabyssinica Vatke \u2013 Habit: Shrub or herb. Habitat: Grassland, scattered grassland, stream sides, swamp edges, bamboo edges, 1000\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 54 (UPS), Tweedie 1890 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0053 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Aeschynomeneschimperi Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, marshes, riverside, 670\u20132500 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Afroamphicaafricana (Hook.f.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Montane Forest edge, woodland, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Mwangangi OM 485 (BR). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Malawi.Albiziaamarasubsp.sericocephala Brenan \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Albiziagrandibracteata Taub. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, riverine forest, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Bally 2498 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Tanzania.Albiziagummifera C.A.Sm. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, riverine forest, forest clearing, 1750\u20132440 m. Vouchers: Lugard 511 (EA), Mrs C Jack 434 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Central Madagascar.Alysicarpusglumaceus (Vahl) DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Flooded grassland, woodland, 1000\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 907 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Alysicarpusrugosussubsp.perennirufus J.L\u00e9onard \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Flooded grassland, 940\u20132500 m. Voucher: Tweedie 907 (EA). Native distribution range: Central African Republic to Eritrea and S Africa.Angylocalyxbraunii Harms \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Understory of montane forest, riparian forest, 800 m. Voucher: Lugard C & Lugard EJ 334 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa. Antopetitiaabyssinica A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, moorland, open bush land, 1700\u20133500 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0270 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Argyrolobiumfischeri Taub. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Forest, bushland, grassland, 1700\u20132700 m. Voucher: Gerh Lindblom sn (S). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Argyrolobiumrupestresubsp.kilimandscharicum (Taub.) Polhill \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest 2250\u20133300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: South Sudan to E Tropical AfricaAstragalusatropilosulussubsp.burkeanus (Benth. ex Harv.) J.B.Gillett \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, open bushland, forest margin, moorland, 3900 m. Voucher: Lugard 334 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.EXBiancaeadecapetala (Roth) O.Deg. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Rainforest, tree grassland, bushlands, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Lugard 298 (EA). Native distribution range: India to S Central Japan.Calpurniaaurea (Aiton) Benth. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Montane Forest, 1300\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1584 (EA). Native distribution range: Central African Republic to Eritrea and S Africa.Chamaecristafalcinella (Oliver) Lock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded or bushy grassland, 1390\u20132650 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Chamaecristafalcinellavar.parviflora (Steyaert) Lock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to Namibia.Chamaecristakirkii Standl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonally flooding grassland, 1600\u20132500 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Chamaecristamimosoides (L.) Greene \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest clearing, forest edge, grassland wooded grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 4095 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Tropical Asia to N Australia.Chamaecristastricta E.Mey. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed and pusture grounds, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Africa, N & Central Madagascar.Chamaecristausambarensis Standl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest, grassland, near rocks and on roadsides, 1800\u20132590 m. Voucher: Mwangangi OM 481 (BR). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Chamaecristawittei (Ghesq.) Lock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, bushland, 1740\u20132590 m. Voucher: Humphreys 1123 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and Mozambique.Coluteaabyssinica Kunth & C.D.Bouch\u00e9 \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane grassland, forest margin, bushlands, 2000\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 859 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0241 . Native distribution range: Rwanda to NE & E Tropical Africa.Craibiabrownii Dunn \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, riverine, 1100\u20132200 m. Vouchers: Dale IR 3241 (BR), Jackson THE 377 (BR), Dale IR MA-261214-1 (MA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Zambia.Crotalariaagatiflora Schweinf. ex Engl. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, woodland, shrubland, 1170\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Taylor G 3857 (MO), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0083 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Crotalariaagatiflorasubsp.engleri (Harms ex Baker f.) Polhill \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, wet savanna, 2300\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Central Kenya to N Tanzania.*Crotalariaagatiflorasubsp.imperialis (Taub.) Polhill \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, bushlands, 2000\u20132300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E DR Congo.Crotalariaanthyllopsis Welw. ex Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, rocky or wooded grasslands, 1200\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to South Africa.Crotalariabrevidens Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, bushland, 1500\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to NE & E Tropical Africa.Crotalariacephalotes Steud. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Symes YE 232 (MO). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Crotalariachrysochlora Baker f. ex Harms \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, rocky disturbed places, 1700\u20132900 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Kenya and S Tropical Africa.Crotalariacleomifolia Welw. ex Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest, grassland, bushland, 1150\u20132600 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Crotalariacylindrica A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, moorland, 2000\u20133550 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1418, 2088 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Kenya.Crotalariadeserticola Taub. ex Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Crotalariadewildemaniana R.Wilczek \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 116 , Tweedie EM 922 (MO). Native distribution range: Cameroon to E Tropical Africa.Crotalariaglauca Willd. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1150\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Crotalariahyssopifolia Klotzsch \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, roadside, outcrop rock, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 188. Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Crotalariaincanasubsp.purpurascens (Lam.) Milne-Redh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, 1250\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula, SW India.Crotalarialebrunii Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Streamside, clearings and forest edge, 2200\u20132750 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0177 . Native distribution range: Eastern DR Congo to Central Kenya.Crotalariakaragwensis Taub. \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Open and wooded grasslands, bushlands, forest 1600\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ 197 (K), Lugard EJ; Lugard C 530 (K). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Crotalariakeniensis Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Streamside, forest edges, bushland, 1700\u20133200 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 463 (MO), Mwangangi OM 465 (MO). Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to Tanzania.Crotalarialaburnifolia L. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Tropical Asia, N Australia.Crotalarialachnocarpoides Engl. \u2013 Habit: Bushy herb or small shrub. Habitat: Montane grassland, bushland, 1300\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 956 (MO), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0080 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Crotalarialachnophora A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Wooded grasslands, roadside, 1500\u20132200 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Crotalarianatalitia Meisn. \u2013 Habit: Herb or small shrub. Habitat: Forest edges, bushland, and wooded open grassland, 1600\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1355 (MO), Snowden JD 932 (MO). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Crotalariapetitiana (A.Rich.) Walp. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, 700\u20132200 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa to N Tanzania.Crotalariaquartiniana A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rare in forest edges, 2340\u20132650 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1711 (K), Irwin PH 133A (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Crotalariarecta Steud. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, swamp margins, cultivated grounds, woodland, 850\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1317 (MO), Snowden JD 931 (MO). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Crotalariaspinosa Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Crotalariavallicola Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, 1300\u20132500 m. Voucher: Irwin PH 118 (MO). Native distribution range: Sudan to Tanzania.Crotalariavatkeana Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, and bushland, 2000\u20133300 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 535 (MO). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Tanzania.Dalbergialactea Vatke \u2013 Habit: Small tree or shrub. Habitat: Forest margin, riverine forest, bushland, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 492 (NHMUK). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Dolichoscompressus R.Wilczek \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Wooded grasslands, bushlands, 1000\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: S Sudan to Kenya.Dolichossericeussubsp.formosus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1930 (EA), Tothill BH 2699 (EA), Tweedie EM 241 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Tropical Africa, Angola.Dolichossericeussubsp.pseudofalcatus Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Climbing or prostrate herb. Habitat: Montane Forest edges, clearings, woodland, grassland, 1150\u20132780 m. Voucher: Lugard 89 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to DR Congo.Dumasiavillosa DC. \u2013 Habit: Climber herb or shrub. Habitat: Wet forest edge, woodland, 1800\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Entadaabyssinica Steud. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132290 m. Vouchers: Lugard 600 (EA), Hedberg O 1066 (UPS), Tweedie DR 1444 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Eriosemacordifolium Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1750\u2013 2290 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 198 (K). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Kenya and Angola.Eriosemajurionianum Staner & De Craene \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest edges, wet savanna, 1750\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania.Eriosemamacrostipulum Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, around 2100 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Eriosemamontanum Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1500\u20133300 m. Voucher: Gerh Lindblom (S). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Eriosemanutans Schinz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, wet savanna, forest edges, 1200\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria, Eritrea to S Africa.Eriosemascioanumsubsp.lejeunei (Staner & De Craene) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest clearings, upland grassland, 2100\u20132500 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 913 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to E Tropical Africa.Eriosemasparsiflorum Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1860\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Kenya and Angola.Erythrinaabyssinica Lam. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0096 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to Botswana.Flemingiagrahamiana Wight & Arn. \u2013 Habit: bushy herb, shrub or small tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1170\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to Arabian Peninsula, S India, S China (Yunnan) to Indo-China.Galegalindblomii (Harms) J.B.Gillett \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grasslands, forest margins and bamboo area, 2000\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Bogdan A 4143 (K), Snowden 443 (EA), Gillett JB 18404 , BH Tothill 2375 (EA), Lugard 14 (EA), Beentje HJ 1938 (WAG), Lavranos JJ; Newton I 17768 A (WAG). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa .*Hylodesmumrepandum (Vahl) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest, streamsides, roadsides, 1450\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Stein W Bie (UPS), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0064 . Native distribution range: Africa, Arabian Peninsula, China (S Yunnan) to Tropical Asia.Indigoferaambelacensis Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, rocky grounds roadsides, 1000\u20132200 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1735 (EA). Native distribution range: Congo to Eritrea and Tanzania.Indigoferaarrecta Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, grassland and forest edge, 300\u20132700 m. Voucher: Rwaburindore PK 465 (WAG). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Indigoferaatriceps Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, montane forest, 1000\u20133010 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 862 (EA), Mwangangi OM 446 (BR), Wood GHS 427 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Indigoferabogdanii J.B.Gillett \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland, roadside, rock outcrop, 1750\u20132750 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1938 (EA), Tweedie MR 46 (EA), Bogdan A 4143 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Indigoferabrevicalyx Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 1200\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 861, Tweedie EM 765 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Central & E Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Indigoferacircinella Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shallow soil grassland, roadside, Wooded grassland, 1100\u20132200 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to Zimbabwe.Indigoferaconjugata Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.EXIndigoferaemarginella Steud. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland, 900\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea and S Tropical Africa.EXIndigoferahomblei Baker f. & Martin \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane grassland, 1600\u20133100 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0097 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Tanzania and Eswatini.Indigoferalongistaminata Schrire \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane grassland, thickets, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Kenya and Malawi.Indigoferamimosoides Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, montane forest margin, 1150\u20132300 m. Voucher: Tweedie 874 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Africa.Indigoferaschimperivar.schimperi Jaub. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, 1000\u20133010 m. Voucher: Wood GHS 432 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.EXIndigoferaschlechteri Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, roadside, bamboo zone, forest margin, 1500\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: S Africa.Indigoferaspicata Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grassland and woodland, 0\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Indigoferasubargentea De Wild. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, 1800\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and Zambia.Indigoferasubulatavar.scabra (Roth) Meikle \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Indigoferatrita L.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, forest margin, 1700\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Indigoferavohemarensis Baill. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Mozambique, Comoros, Madagascar.Lablabpurpureus (L.) Sweet \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Riverine forest edge, 0001\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cape Verde, Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, India.Lathyrushygrophilus Taub. \u2013 Habit: Straggling or climbing herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, bamboo edges, 1800\u20134100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi.Lathyrussphaericus Retz. \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Open scrubs, upland forest grassland, 1950\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: E Central Europe to Mediterranean and Afghanistan, Tropical African Mountains.Lotusbecquetii Boutique \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, rocky hillside, 2000\u20132870 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Burundi.Lotusgoetzei Harms \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Grassland, open bushland, forest margin, on young volcanic soil, 1750\u20133140 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Macrotylomaaxillare (E.Mey.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Climbing or trailing herb. Habitat: Forest edges, bushlands, 0001\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula Sri Lanka, W Indian Ocean.EXMacrotylomaaxillarevar.glabrum (E.Mey.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Climbing or trailing herb. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Gardner in FD 2855 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Mucunastans Welw. ex Baker \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1370\u20131780 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 924 (K). Native distribution range: Nigeria to W Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Neonotoniawightiisubsp.petitiana (A.Rich.) J.A.Lackey \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Forest edges, disturbed grounds, above 1500 m. Voucher: Kahuho S 5 (US). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Piliostigmathonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, wet grassland, woodland, 1750\u20131900 m. Voucher: Padwa JH 29 (EA). Native distribution range: Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Pseudarthriaconfertiflora (A.Rich.) Baker \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or subshrub. Habitat: Grassland, thickets, bracken areas, 1750\u20132280 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1362 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Pseudarthriahookeri Wight & Arn. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or shrub. Habitat: Wet grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Pterolobiumstellatum (Forssk.) Brenan \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, Wooded grassland, grassland, bushland, 1750\u20132350 m. Voucher: Lugard 237 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Rhynchosiaelegans A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Climbing or trailing herb. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Malawi, SW Arabian Peninsula.Rhynchosiaferruginea A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Uplands, subalpine grasslands, forest edges, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1405 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Rhynchosiahirta (Andrews) Meikle & Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, forest edges, 0001\u20131800 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, India Sri Lanka.Rhynchosiakilimandscharica Volkens ex Harms \u2013 Habit: Climbing or trailing herb. Habitat: Forest edges, grassland, bushland, 1750\u20132550 m. Voucher: Tweedie 721 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Rhynchosiaminima (L.) DC. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 150\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.EXRhynchosiaminimavar.prostrata (Harv.) Meikle \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Rhynchosiaorthobotrya Harms \u2013 Habit: Herb or undershrub. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1000\u20132100 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1140 (K). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Eritrea and Tanzania.Rhynchosiaresinosa (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Baker \u2013 Habit: Woody climbing herb. Habitat: Bushlands, 1530\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Rhynchosiausambarensis Taub. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Uplands grasslands, forest, 1650\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Rwanda and Tanzania.Senegaliagoetzeisubsp.microphylla (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to South Africa.Senegaliapersiciflora (Pax) Kyal. & Boatwr. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 2120 , Eggeling WJ 2490 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to DR Congo.EXSennabicapsularis (L.) Roxb. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Disturbed bushland/cultivation, grassland, roadside, 100\u20131900 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical America.Sennadidymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, woodland, 1750\u20132440 m. Vouchers: Jackson THE 304, 2940 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Sennapetersiana (Bolle) Lock \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Moist forest edge, wooded grassland, riverine forest, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Africa, Madagascar.Sennasingueana (Delile) Lock \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Dale IR 664, 684 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to NW Namibia.Sesbaniadummeri E.Phillips & Hutch. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Swamps, 1100\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Chater-Jack 131 (EA). Native distribution range: SW Kenya to Rwanda.Sesbaniasesban (L.) Merr. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Stream sides, 1750\u20132200 m. Voucher: Lugard 196 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent.Smithiaelliotii Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamp in montane forest, 1170\u20132700 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1325 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Sphenostylisstenocarpa Harms \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 50\u20132300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Tephrosiaemeroides A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Upland bushland, 1600\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa to Uganda.Tephrosiaholstii Taub. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest margin, grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie DR 718 (BR). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Tephrosiainterrupta Hochst. & Steud. ex Engl. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane grassland, thicket, 1400\u20133100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Tropical Africa.Tephrosianyikensis Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Montane grassland, forest, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 465 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Tropical Africa.Tephrosiapaniculata Welw. ex Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, swamps, 1200\u20132400 m. Voucher: Lugard 229 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Tephrosiavogelii Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Forest margin, old cultivations, grassland, 0\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Lugard in Nat. Hist. soc 6023, Lugard C & Lugard EJ 6023 (EA), Beekley 6023 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Teramnusrepens Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa to Mozambique, Comoros, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan to India.Teramnusuncinatus Sw. \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Forest, wooded grassland, 1700\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Mexico to Tropical America, Tropical Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Teramnusuncinatussubsp.ringoetii (De Wild.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Climber or prostrate herb. Habitat: Forest, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Trifoliumacaule Steud. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, rocky alpine zone, 3300\u20134100 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3309 (US). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Uganda.*Trifoliumburchellianum Ser. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, moorland, 1700\u20133700 m. Voucher: Powles 33 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Trifoliumcryptopodium Steud. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest openings, alpine zone, moorland, 2100\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Gillett JB 18412 (WAG), Tweedie DR 28, 29, 120 (EA), Lugard C 333 (EA), Knight J 55 (EA), Webster MVB 8797 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0164 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania.Trifoliumelgonense J.B.Gillett \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, moorland, alpine zone, 2800\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 266 , Gillett JB 18409 (WAG). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Uganda, .*Trifoliumlugardii Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest margin, 1700\u20132650 m. Voucher: Lugard 656 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to Kenya.*Trifoliummultinerve A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, moorland, 1800\u20133700 m. Voucher: Gillett JB 18407 (WAG). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Rwanda.Trifoliumrueppellianum Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, moorland, 1700\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea and S Tropical Africa.Trifoliumsemipilosum Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1500\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Trifoliumsimense Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, woodland, 1750\u20133150 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Bioko to Eritrea and Zambia.Trifoliumsteudneri Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, 1800\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Uganda.Trifoliumtembense Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest, moorland openings, alpine zone, 2000\u20133800 m. Voucher: Knight J 55 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Rwanda and Tanzania.Trifoliumusambarense Taub. ex Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 1500\u20132750 m. Voucher: Beentje HJ 1962 (WAG). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Tylosemafassoglense (Kotschy ex Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Wooded grassland, grassland, bushland, 90\u20131900 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Vachelliaabyssinicasubsp.calophylla (Brenan) Kyal. & Boatwr. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Montane forest, wooded grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132300 m. Voucher: Eggling 2475 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Vachelliaamythethophylla (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie DR 1531 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Vachelliadrepanolobium (Harms ex Y.Sj\u00f6stedt) P.J.H.Hurter \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Sudan to Tanzania.Vachelliagerrardii (Benth.) P.J.H.Hurter \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, S Israel to Arabian Peninsula.Vachelliahockii (De Wild.) Seigler & Ebinger \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 2273 (MO). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Vachellialahai (Steud. & Hochst. ex Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Eggeling WJ 2477 , Lugard 513 (MO). Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Tanzania.EXVachelliasieberianavar.woodii (Burtt Davy) Kyal. & Boatwr. \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Sudan to S Africa.EXViciaeriocarpa (Hausskn.) Hal\u00e1csy \u2013 Habit: Trailing or climbing herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Algeria, E Mediterranean to Arabian Peninsula.Viciahirsuta (L.) Gray \u2013 Habit: Trailing or climbing herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1950\u20133360 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 875 (K). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Temperate Eurasia, N Africa to Tanzania.Viciapaucifolia Baker \u2013 Habit: Trailing or climbing herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest edges, 1500\u20132750 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Congo to Ethiopia and Zambia.Viciasativa L. \u2013 Habit: Trailing or climbing herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1700\u20133350 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Temperate Eurasia to Arabian Peninsula, Macaronesia, N Africa to Kenya.Viciasativasubsp.nigra (L.) Ehrh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Temperate Eurasia, N Africa to Kenya.EXViciavillosa Roth \u2013 Habit: Trailing or climbing herb. Habitat: Escape from upland cultivation, forest, grassland, 1850\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Canary Islands, N Africa, Europe to Central Asia and Afghanistan.Vignafriesiorum Harms \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1600\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Vignafrutescens A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Prostrate or climbing herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie DR (CIAT). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Vignafrutescenssubsp.incana (Taub.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Trailing woody herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, rocky places, 0\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon, E Tropical Africa.Vignaheterophylla A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1600\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR (CIAT). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.EXVignahosei (Craib) Backer \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Woodland, lower forest edge, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Taiwan, W Malesia.Vignamembranacea A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Forest, bushland, woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 2229 (MO), Irwin PH (CIAT), Tweedie DR (CIAT). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania, SW Arabian Peninsula.Vignamonophylla Taub. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1650\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Botswana.Vignaparkeri Baker \u2013 Habit: Twining, prostrate, or mat forming herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest margin, 1500\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Symes YE 252 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 180 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Vignaparkerisubsp.maranguensis (Taub. ex Engl.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1500\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 433 (NHMUK), Lugard EJ (CIAT), Snowden JD (CIAT), Tweedie DR (CIAT), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0224 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Vignaschimperi Baker \u2013 Habit: Twiner herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest margin, riverside, 1250\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 423 (K), Jackson G (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi.Vignavexillata (L.) A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushlands esp. among rocks, 100\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Jack C 31 (EA), Boonman 6612 (EA), Webster MVB 9191 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Zorniapratensis Milne-Redh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1200\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Zorniasetosa Baker f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1560\u20132350 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 804 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Namibia.Zorniasetosasubsp.obovata (Baker f.) J.L\u00e9onard & Milne-Redh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, cultivated land, 1100\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 804 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zambia.1 Genus, 1 speciesCorydalismildbraedii Fedde \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, bamboo forest, upland moors, grassland, 2200\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1282 (K), 1522 (EA), Thomas 523 (EA), Tothill BH 2250 (EA), Williams JG 74/11 (BR). Native distribution range: S Central Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.5 Genera, 16 speciesAnthocleistagrandiflora Gilg \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 1500\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Dale U78 , Snowden JD 517 (MO). Native distribution range: Cameroon to South Sudan and S Africa, Comoros.Chironiaelgonensis Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps in grassland, 1705\u20132325 m. Vouchers: Lugard C & Lugard EJ 21 (EA/K). Native distribution range: Kenya to N Zambia.Exochaeniumgrande Griseb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland on shallow soils, 1550\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 64 (EA), Andersen R 17 (S), Tweedie 586 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Africa.Sebaeabrachyphylla Griseb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet path sides, streamside, montane grassland, heath zone, moorland, 1650\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM 441 (EA), Knox EB 2618 (EA), Hedberg O 216 (S), Andersen R 288 (S), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0254 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Sebaealeiostyla Gilg \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, heath zone, 2000\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 216 (EA), Tweedie EM 17 (EA), Sileshi Nemomissa 970828-3/1(EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Sebaeamicrophylla Knobl. \u2013 Habit: Saprophytic herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, forest, moist grassland and woodland, 1800\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 119 (EA), Jack C 312 (EA), Lind EM 298 (EA), Thomas AS 460 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa, Socotra, SW Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent to China (Yunnan).Swertia Abyssinica Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, moorland, 2100\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Mulugeta Kekede 187, 202 (EA), Knox EB 2644 (EA), Rose 10204 (EA), Marrison 254 (EA), Tothill BH 2354 (S). Native distribution range: Bioko, Nigeria to SW Cameroon, Eritrea to Zambia.Swertiabrownii J.Shah \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, upland moist grassland, 1500\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 835 (EA), Hedberg O 98 (S), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0261 . Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Swertiacrassiuscula Gilg \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Stony, swampy shallow black loam soils, lower alpine mooorland zones, 2700\u20134500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 44, 3890 (EA), Mwangangi OM 311 (EA), Bickford N 18, 48 (EA), Tweedie DR 128, (EA), Williams 2147 (EA), Taylor G & Verdcourt B 2477 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0140 , Dummer RA 3750 (K), Hedberg 144 (EA), 963 (S) Rose 10206 (EA), Saund & Hancock 90 (EA), Hedberg 963 (EA), Lye 1412 (EA). Native distribution range: SE Uganda to N Tanzania.*Swertiakilimandscharica Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane, subalpine grassland, 2100\u20133840 m. Vouchers: Lye KA 1456 (EA), Hedberg O 261 (S), 4501 (EA), Gosnell JM 60, 630 (EA), Rauh W 598 (EA), Kirika P Mbale M & Muthoka P (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0137 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Malawi.Swertialugardae Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper forest edge, grassland, moorland, 3000\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Sileshi 970827-2/6 (EA), Tothill BH 2347 (EA), Mulugeta Kekede 203 (EA), Hedberg KO 4508 (K), Tweedie DR 4032 (EA), Mwangangi OM 317 (EA), Major C & Lugard EJ 409 , Bickford N 50 (EA), Kirika P & Muthoka P 1171 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to SE Uganda.Swertiasubnivalis T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rare in wet mossy communities of alpine zone, along streams, 3600\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 879 , 1018 (S). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Central Kenya.*Swertiatetrandra Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist grassland, 1550\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 397 (EA), Lind EM 294 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Zimbabwe.Swertiauniflora Mildbr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rare in alpine grassland, 3750\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Dale IR 3089 (EA), Simkin J 970828-3/4 (EA), Adamson J 488 (EA) Hedberg O 926 , Tweedie DR 10 (EA), Sileshi Nemomissa 970828-3/5 (EA), Eggeling WJ 5754 (EA), Knox EB 2619 (EA). Native distribution range: E Uganda to W Kenya (Mt. Elgon).**Swertiausambarensis Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, 1600\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Bie SW 269 (EA), Sileshi Nemomissa 970827-2/3 (EA), Mwangangi OM 317 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Swertiawelwitschii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Marshes, roadsides, wet grassland 1845\u20132400 m. Voucher: Jack C 28 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.3 Genera, 10 speciesGeraniumaculeolatum Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Trailling or climbing herb. Habitat: Woodland, montane forest, 1800\u20133400 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0226 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Mozambique.Geraniumarabicum Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, montane forest, alpine belt, 1800\u20133940 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2377 (EA), Beentje HJ 1960 (WAG). Native distribution range: Egypt to Tropical Africa, Madagascar, SW Arabian Peninsula.EXGeraniumbequaertii De Wild. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, roadside, 1500\u20132100 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 425 (NHMUK). Native distribution range: E DR Congo.Geraniumkilimandscharicum Engl. \u2013 Habit: Prostrate herb. Habitat: Upper moor, upland grassland, forest, alpine zones, 2260\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Major EJ; Lugard EJ 411 (K), Lugard C 328 (K), Synge 976 (EA), Forbes 271 (EA), Hooper SS; Townsend CC 1463 (K), Irwin PH 122 (K), Tweedie DR 37 (K), Tweedie 1391 (K), Synge PM 1895 (NHMUK). Native distribution range: E Tropical African Mountains.*EXGeraniummascatense Boiss. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, woodland, 1600\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Egypt and NE Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, SW & S Iran to NW India.Geraniumpurpureum Vill. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, woodland, 2200\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Europe to Iran and Tanzania.Geraniumvagans Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest grassland, alpine zones, 2640\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Naiga 52 (K), Hedberg 844, Thomas AS 596 (EA), Rauh W 599 (EA), Adamson J 496 (EA), Luyard EF 356 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa to E Zambia.Monsoniaangustifolia E.Mey. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open woodland, grassland, river banks, wet grasslands, 1200\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria, Eritrea to S Africa, Madagascar.EXPelargoniumalchemilloides (L.) L\u2019H\u00e9r. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, wooded grassland, outcrop rock, 1000\u20132800 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0082 . Native distribution range: E Zimbabwe to S Africa.Pelargoniumwhytei Baker \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, heath zone, 1700\u20133500 m. Voucher: Synge 1925 (EA). Native distribution range: Central Ethiopia to Zambia.1 Genus, 2 speciesTrichocladusellipticus Eckl. & Zeyh. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Upland forest, streams, swampy areas, 1750\u20132700 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0068 . Native distribution range: Subtropical Africa to South Africa.Trichocladusellipticussubsp.malosanus (Baker) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Moist forest, 2000\u20132300 m. Voucher: Pole-Evans IB & Erens J 1502 (US). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.2 Genera, 11 speciesHarunganamadagascariensis Poir. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 1200\u20131800 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 967 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Hypericumannulatum Moris \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1100\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Maitland 1180 (EA), Snowden JD 522 (EA). Native distribution range: Sardegna, N & Central Balkan Peninsula, NE & E Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Hypericumannulatumsubsp.afromontanum (Bullock) N.Robson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland and moor grassland, 3000\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 479 (EA), Thomas AS 2700 (EA), Dummer RA 3301 (EA), Lugard 338a (EA), Gardner 2259 (EA). Native distribution range: SE Ethiopia to N Tanzania.*Hypericumkiboense Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest edge, 2100\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3504 (EA), Liebenberg 1659 (EA), Soumdy & Hancock 60 (EA), Lugard C 323 (K), Townsend CC 2324 (K), Kisalye N 108 (K), George Taylor 3614 (BR), Katende 1120 (K). Native distribution range: E Tropical African Mountains.*EXHypericumlanceolatum Lam. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, bushland, streamside, grassland, 1800\u20133360 m. Vouchers: Eggeling 2460 (EA), Tweedie 876 (EA). Native distribution range: Comoros, R\u00e9union.Hypericumpeplidifolium A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine and subalpine grassland and stream edges, 1350\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 455 (EA), George Taylor 3660 (BM), Lugard EJ 205 (EA), Adamson J 467 (EA), Jack C 74 (EA), Mamwaring Miss 2667 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0060 . Native distribution range: Bioko to Eritrea and S Tropical Africa.Hypericumquartinianum A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, gullies, river banks, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Chandler 432 (EA), Thomas AS 2607 (EA), Lugard 59 (EA), Tweedie 560, Tweedie DR 7 (EA), Gardner HM 2255 (EA), Jack C 39 (EA), Webb P 8751 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Hypericumrevolutumsubsp.keniense (Schweinf.) N.Robson \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133550 m. Vouchers: Thorold 2747 (EA), Humphreys, G 1026 \u20ac, Agnew ADQ; Agnew S 7284 (WAG), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0249 . Native distribution range: E Central & E African Mountains.Hypericumrevolutum Vahl \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Mulugeta Kebede 205, 204, 185 (EA), Tweedie 63 (EA), Milne-Redhead E 181 (EA), Lugard EJ 472 (EA). Native distribution range: SE Nigeria to Bioko, Eritrea to South Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Hypericumroeperianum G.W.Schimp. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, bamboo thickets, grassland, 1500\u20132900 m. Voucher: Tothill BH 2688 (EA). Native distribution range: Guinea, Nigeria to W Cameroon, Ethiopia to South Africa.Hypericumscioanum Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moor, 1830\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 570 (EA), Hedberg O 182 (EA), 4502 (EA), Arnstein Lyle 5730 (EA), Mwangangi OM 477 (EA), Thorold CA 2744 (EA), Muthama M & Gehrke B 128 (EA), Knox EB 3844 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to NE Zambia.25 Genera, 79 speciesAchyrospermumschimperi Perkins \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane forest undergrowth, forest edge, associated bushland, 1200\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1017 (EA), Chandler 1000 (EA), Mwangangi OM 305 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Tanzania.EXAeollanthuspubescens Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, woodland, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to W Tanzania and Zambia.Aeollanthusrepens Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, wooded grassland, 1550\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Lind EM 449 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0040 . Native distribution range: South Sudan to Mozambique.Aeollanthussuaveolens Mart. ex Spreng. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, cultivation, 1550\u20132400 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0112 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Ajugaintegrifolia Buch.-Ham. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest, woodland, forest, 1100\u20133400 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0148 . Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan to W New Guinea.Clerodendrumjohnstonii Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Montane forest, thicker or disturbed scrubland, 1300\u20132550 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 515 (EA). Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to Zambia.Clerodendrumrotundifolium Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Wet savanna, bushland, rocky places, stream banks, short grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to South Sudan and Mozambique.Clinopodiumabyssinicum Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1934 (UPS), Dummer RA 3609 (US). Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa to N Tanzania, SW Arabian Peninsula.Clinopodiumkilimandschari (G\u00fcrke) Ryding \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Alpine zones, 2900\u20134400 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2444 (EA), Wesche K 63 (EA), Hedberg O 264 (K), Tweedie 3 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia  to N Tanzania.*Clinopodiumsimense Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper montane forest edges, heath zone, 1700\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3662 (EA), Beentje 1942 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Clinopodiumuhligii(G\u00fcrke)Rydingvar.uhligii \u2013 Habit: Herb/subshrub. Habitat: Heaths, woodland, upper forest edge, 1750\u20134180 m. Vouchers: Townsend CC 2325 (EA), Hedberg 4562 (EA), Dummer RA 3337 (EA), Wood GH 141 (EA), Lugard 363 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical African Mountains.*Clinopodiumuhligiivar.obtusifolium (Avetta) Ryding \u2013 Habit: Herb/subshrub. Habitat: Woodland, forest, upper forest edge, 1750\u20133150 m. Voucher: Thomas AS 2687 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical African Mountains.Coleusaegyptiacus (Forssk.) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Outcrop rock, old cultivation, 1300 m. Voucher: Chandler 590 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania, SW Arabian Peninsula.Coleusalpinus Vatke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Malawi.Coleusbarbatus (Andrews) Benth. ex G.Don \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: shallow soil, 880\u20132950 m. Vouchers: Padwa JH 36 (EA), Fack WC (92), Templer JT 244 (EA) Bush RZ 255 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania, Arabian Peninsula Indian Subcontinent to S Central China.Coleusbojeri Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky grassland, woodland, disturbed grounds, forest clearing, 1200\u20132670 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Coleuscaninussubsp.flavovirens (G\u00fcrke) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rock outcrops, eroded grasslands, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1736 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Coleuscomosus Hochst. ex G\u00fcrke \u2013 Habit: Herb or weak shrub. Habitat: acacia-commiphora bushland, 1000\u20132790 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0207 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Tanzania.Coleuscylindraceus (Hochst. ex Benth.) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, outcrop rock, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, S India.Coleusdeflexifolius (Baker) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, weed in disturbed grounds, 1705\u20132210 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Coleusdefoliatus (Hochst. ex Benth.) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, Forest, 1700\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Gillett JB 20949 , Gardener 2254. Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Coleuskivuensis Lebrun & L.Touss. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Stony bushland, thicket edges, 1500\u20132500 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Tanzania.Coleuslactiflorus Vatke \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Rock outcrop, forest, woodland, wooded grassland, 1100\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N & NW Tanzania.Coleuslanuginosus Hochst. ex Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, rock outcrop, grassland, forest, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 211 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0122 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Tanzania, SW Arabian PeninsulaColeusmaculosussubsp.edulis (Vatke) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, bamboo zone, forest, upper forest edge, 1750\u20133150 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Coleusmeyeri (G\u00fcrke) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: herb or shrub. Habitat: Montane forest, by streams, 1550\u20133100 m. Voucher: Dale U19 (EA). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Coleusniamniamensis (G\u00fcrke) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, 900\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Lindblom sn (K) Tweedie 2918 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Kenya.EXColeusrotundifolius (Poir.) A.Chev. & Perrot \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, wet savanna, outcrop rock, 1400\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Asia.Coleusstachyoides (Oliv.) E.A.Bruce \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland or open acacia woodland. Voucher: Chandler 949 (EA). Native distribution range: Central African Republic to E Tropical Africa.Coleusstuhlmannii (G\u00fcrke) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Marshes, wet savanna, 1860\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Tropical Africa.Coleussylvestris (G\u00fcrke) A.J.Paton & Phillipson \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane forest, bamboo zone, 1750\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 882 (K), Mwangangi OM 374 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Coleustetradenifolius (A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Rocky places, cliffs 1350\u20132700 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0113 . Native distribution range: Cameroon, South Sudan to E Tropical Africa.Coleusxylopodus (Lukhoba & A.J.Paton) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Subshrub. Habitat: Open Combretum woodland, rock outcrop, grassland prone to burning, 1200\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1799 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to Uganda.Equilabiumagnewii (Lukhoba & A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky grassland, 1700\u20131900 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Equilabiumcaespitosum (Lukhoba & A.J.Paton) Mwany. & A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky wooded grassland, 1850\u20132850 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to N Tanzania.Equilabiumkamerunense (G\u00fcrke) Mwany. & A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: shrub. Habitat: Montane forest margins, bamboo zone, 1500\u20132950 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Cameroon, S Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Equilabiumlaxiflorum (Benth.) Mwany., A.J.Paton & Culham \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, bamboo zone, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0182 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Equilabiumparvum (Oliv.) Mwany. & A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, woodland, 1700\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1332 (EA), Bogdan 1411 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to N Zambia.Equilabiumpauciflorum (Baker) Mwany. & A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, thickets, grassland, rock outcrop, 1750\u20132100 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Uganda to Zambia.Fuerstiaafricana T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Grassland, Acacia scrub, 1200\u20132550 m. Voucher: Lind EM 2584 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Haumaniastrumcaeruleum (Oliv.) P.A.Duvign. & Plancke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 2015\u20132325 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Haumaniastrumvillosum (Benth.) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist outcrop rock, open woodland, open grassland, 1700\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2920, 4139 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Hoslundiaopposita Vahl \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Roadside, forest, grassland, woodland, 750\u20132170 m. Voucher: Jack C 227 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Leonotisnepetifolia (L.) R.Br. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, weed of cultivation, 1000\u20132290 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa, Indian Subcontinent.Leonotisocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest, disturbed places, 1770\u20133360 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 8 (EA), Lugard C 113 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Leonotisocymifoliavar.raineriana (Vis.) Iwarsson \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, lower and upper forest edge, grassland, 1750\u20133150 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Leucasargentea G\u00fcrke \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Disturbed bushland, 1200\u20133350 m. Vouchers: Gillett JB20959 (EA), Thomas AS 554, 2382 (EA), Wood GH 123 (EA), Dummer RA 3581 (US), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0209 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Kenya.*Leucascalostachys Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Secondary bushlands, forest, grassland, 1600\u20132575 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 318 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to Tanzania and DR Congo.Leucasdeflexa Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open grassland, disturbed moist forest, 1600\u20132500 m. Voucher: Mwangangi OM 306 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Leucasmartinicensis (Jacq.) R.Br. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, in cultivation, 0\u20132200 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Leucasmasaiensis Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, 1280\u20132735 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to N Tanzania.*Leucasmasaiensisvar.tricrenata (Bullock) Sebald \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1525 (K), Tweedie EM 1425 (MO), Lugard CE|Lugard EJ 471 (MO), Irwin PH 221 (K), Wesche K 1437 (K), Sheil D; Katende T 2063 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya.*Leucasmasaiensisvar.venulosa (Baker) Sebald \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to N Tanzania.*EXLeucastettensis Vatke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Rwanda to S Tropical Africa.Menthaaquatica L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Marshes, 1950\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa, Europe to Central Siberia and W Asia.Micromeriaimbricata C.Chr. \u2013 Habit: Subshrub or woody herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, 1750\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM 370 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0210 . Native distribution range: Africa to Arabian Peninsula.Micromeriaimbricatavar.villosa  Ryding \u2013 Habit: Subshrub. Habitat: Heath zone, grasslands, bushlands, 1850\u20134100 m. Voucher: Wesche K 192 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Nepetaazurea R.Br. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushed grassland, forest, upper forest edge, 1700\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2315 (EA), Thomas 2656 (EA), Hedberg 4530 (EA), Tweedie EM 880 (K), Synge PM 854 (BR), Dummer RA 3307 (K), Battiscombe E 673 (US). Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa.Ocimumafricanum Lour. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp disturbed grounds, 1800\u20132250 m. Voucher: Hancock 2388 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Ocimumgratissimum L. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, forest, woodland, 1100\u20132400 m. Voucher: Hurni MPP? 215 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Ocimumkilimandscharicum G\u00fcrke \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Webster MVB 8974 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Ocimumlamiifolium Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Montane forest edges, grassland, 1550\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 213 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0073 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and Zambia.EXOrthosiphonrubicundus Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Himalaya to Hainan and Indo-China.Orthosiphonschimperi Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, grassland, 1600\u20132635 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Orthosiphonthymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, forest, bushland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa, India to Indo-China, Central.Platostomarotundifolium (Briq.) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swampy grassland, 1500\u20132800 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Premnaangolensis G\u00fcrke \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest edge, bushland, grassland, 900\u20131800 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 887 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Rothecamyricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb. \u2013 Habit: Subshrub or shrubby herb or small tree. Habitat: Grassland, scrub, forest clearing, grazed bushland, 1180\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 159 (BR), Eggeling WJ 2443 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0078 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.EXSalviacoccinea Buc\u2019hoz ex Etl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 500\u20132000 m. Voucher: Padwa JH 28 (EA). Native distribution range: SE America to N Argentina.Salviamerjamie Forssk. \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Burnt grassland, 2300\u20134100 m. Vouchers: Lye 1457 (EA), Wesche K 101 (EA), Adane Asefa (O). Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Tanzania, SW Arabian Peninsula.Salvianilotica Juss. ex Jacq. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland and forest edges, 1800\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 3600 (EA), Tothill BH 2386 (EA), Stein W Bie (UPS). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Tropical Africa.Scutellariaschweinfurthiisubsp.paucifolia (Baker) A.J.Paton \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, grassland subject to burning, 900\u20132600 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1048 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Scutellariaviolascens G\u00fcrke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, grassland, montane forest, 1200\u20132400 m. Voucher: Irwin PH 150 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Stachysaculeolata Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Montane forest, alpine zone, 2920\u20133650 m. Voucher: Beentje HJ 1991 (WAG). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Stachysaculeolatavar.aculeolata \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bamboo/ericaceous belt, upper edge of forest, 1400\u20133750 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1427 (EA), Tothill BH 2379 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Stachysargillicola Sebsebe \u2013 Habit: Herd or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, 1500\u20132550 m. Voucher: Taylor 3868 (EA). Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa.Tinneaaethiopica Kotschy ex Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or herb. Habitat: Grassland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O (UPS), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0041 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Vitexdoniana Sweet \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Combretum woodland, elephant grassland, wet forest, 0\u20131950 m. Voucher: Chater-Jack 2821 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, W Indian Ocean.Vitexfischeri G\u00fcrke \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wooded grassland, thickets, 1200\u20132080 m. Vouchers: Ahenda J sn (WAG), Ahenda J; Meroka D sn , Maesen LJG van der; Ahenda J 6212 (WAG). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa.1 Genus, 4 speciesUtriculariaarenaria A.DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, seasonal swamps, outcrop rock, 387\u20132950 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 339 (K), 868(K), 578 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, Central India.Utriculariagibba L. \u2013 Habit: Aquatic/subaquatic herb. Habitat: Streams, fresh water pools, outcrop rock, 0010\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World, America.Utriculariapentadactyla P.Taylor \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, grassland, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 1789 (K). Native distribution range: Central Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Utriculariareflexa Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Aquatic herb. Habitat: Fresh water pools, 1860\u20132790 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to N Botswana, Central Madagascar.1 Genus, 2 speciesLinumkeniense T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland in shade, roadside, streamside, 2200\u20133360 m. Vouchers: Hedberg 142 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Linumvolkensii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, by streams, 1100\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.6 Genera, 12 speciesEXBonnayaciliata Spreng. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Asia to N Australia.Craterostigmaabyssinicum (Engl.) Eb.Fisch., Sch\u00e4ferh. & Kai M\u00fcll. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky grasslands, woodland, grassland, riverine forest, 1750\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Garderner 2258 (EA), Tweedie 295 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and Tanzania.Craterostigmahirsutum S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 350\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Craterostigmalindernioides E.A.Bruce \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet seasonal marshes, open grassland ponds, 1300\u20131600 m. Voucher: Lind EM 238 (EA). Native distribution range: E Uganda to Tanzania.*Craterostigmanewtonii (Engl.) Eb.Fisch., Sch\u00e4ferh. & Kai M\u00fcll. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Marshes, 1700\u20132200 m. Vouchers: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0029, SAJIT-PR 0115 . Native distribution range: Togo to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Craterostigmaplantagineum Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 308 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, India.Craterostigmapumilum Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, outcrop rock, upland grassland, 1800\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Bamps PRJ 6505 (WAG), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0018, SAJIT-PR 0091 , Snowden JD 934 (EA), Norman 261 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Botswana, Arabian Peninsula.Crepidorhopalonwhytei (Skan) Eb.Fisch. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Marshes, montane forests, 1300\u20132500 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Linderniaparviflora Haines \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Ephemeral pools on rocky outcrop, 1200\u20132000 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0026 . Native distribution range: Africa, Indian Subcontinent to Indo-China.Linderniellapulchella (Skan) Eb.Fisch., Sch\u00e4ferh. & Kai M\u00fcll. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Pools on outcrop, outcrop rocks, 400\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Lind EM 296 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0038, SAJIT-PR 0115 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Linderniellawilmsii (Engl.) Eb.Fisch., Sch\u00e4ferh. & Kai M\u00fcll. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Granite rock outcrop, 900\u20132300 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1192 (EA). Native distribution range: W Central Kenya to S Africa.Vandelliadiffusa L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: NE Turkey to Caucasus, Tropical Africa, Madagascar.7 Genera, 9 speciesAgelanthusbrunneus (Engl.) Tiegh. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, swamps, riverine forest, 1000\u20131800 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1951, Tweedie EM 925 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Agelanthusentebbensis (Sprague) Polhill & Wiens \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, 1100\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1053 (MO), Chater-Jack EM 372 (MO). Native distribution range: Uganda to W Kenya.**Englerinawoodfordioides (Schweinf. ex Engl.) Balle \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane forest, 1350\u20133050 m. Vouchers: Jackson L 314 (EA), Tweedie EM, Snowden JD 1194 (EA), Tweedie EM 1269 (K), Katende 1121 (K), Trapson Clair 1760 (EA), Jackson THE 314, (EA), Polhill RM 4863 , Mwangangi OM 445 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0054, SAJIT-PR 0065 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Erianthemumdregei Tiegh. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest edges, bushlands, 1750\u20132590 m. Voucher: Tweedie EN 863 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Oncocalyxsulfureus (Engl.) Wiens & Polhill \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Upland forest, 0\u20132680 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to N Tanzania.Phragmantherausuiensis (Oliv.) M.G.Gilbert \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane forest, 1150\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Padwa JH 35 (EA), Chetea J 272 (EA), Jackson THE 2993 (EA), Napier ER 2529 (EA), Kokwaro JO 2506 (EA), Tweedie EM 1131 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0067 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to SW Ethiopia and Zambia.Plicosepaluscurviflorus Tiegh. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bushland, wooded grassland, 500\u20132320 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1153 . Native distribution range: SE Egypt to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Tapinanthusbuvumae (Rendle) Danser \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Wooded grasslands, 750\u20131200 m. Voucher: Tweedie 118 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Tapinanthusconstrictiflorus (Engl.) Danser \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Gabon to Kenya and Angola.3 Genera, 6 speciesEXAmmanniaaegyptiaca Willd. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, outcrop rock, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Egypt to Angola, India.Ammanniaprieuriana Guill. & Perr. \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Grassland, pools on rock outcrop, cultivation, 1800\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1492 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to Israel.Ammanniaschinzii (Koehne) S.A.Graham & Gandhi \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Syme 317 (EA). Native distribution range: S Tropical & S Africa.Ammanniawormskioldii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Roadsides, pools on rock outcrop, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 3473 (EA). Native distribution range: W Ethiopia to Namibia.Lythrumrotundifolium Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Aquatic or semiaquatic herb. Habitat: Along streams in open places, 1700\u20133300 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0259 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi.Rotalarepens (Hochst.) Koehne \u2013 Habit: Aquatic herb. Habitat: Forest, spray of waterfall, 1200\u20131900 m. Voucher: Wallace JRM 10a (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S DR Congo13 Genera, 36 speciesAbutilonlongicuspe Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Upland forest edges, 1650\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Katende; Sheil 1865 (K), Sheil; Van Heist 1980 (K), Irwin PH 46 (BR), Bickford N 15 (EA), Jack C 178 (EA). Native distribution range: NE Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Abutilonmauritianum (Jacq.) Medik. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Forest edge, disturbed grounds, 0\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Padwa JH 33, Tweedie DR 177 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Comoros.Dombeyaburgessiae Gerrard ex Harv. \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Woodland, lower forest edge, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Oxtoby E 6 (EA), Dale IR 808 (EA), Fairbairn G 799 (EA), Jack C 13 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0049 . Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Africa.Dombeyarotundifolia Planch. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Woodland, lower forest edge, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Eggeling 2487 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to S Africa.Dombeyatorrida (J.F.Gmel.) Bamps \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, bamboo woodland, 2250\u20133050 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Central African Republic to NE & E Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Grewiasimilis K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, thickets, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Grewiastolzii Ulbr. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Jackson 436 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Grewiatrichocarpa Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Acacia bush, riverine forest, grassland, 900\u20132150 m. Voucher: Templer JT 67 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to N & Central Tanzania, SW Arabian Peninsula.Hibiscusaethiopicus L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Symes 360 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Central & E Tropical Africa, S Africa, and Yemen.Hibiscusaponeurus Sprague & Hutch. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 250\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Djibouti to N Mozambique.Hibiscusarticulatus Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seasonally water-logged grasslands, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1314 (EA). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Ethiopia and Botswana.Hibiscuscalyphyllus Cav. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, 700\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Hibiscuscannabinus L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 600\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Hibiscusdiversifolius Jacq. \u2013 Habit: Small tree, shrub or herb. Habitat: Forest, swamps, savanna, 1330\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa.Hibiscusfuscus Garcke \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, thickets, 1400\u20132650 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0062 . Native distribution range: Djibouti to S Africa.Hibiscusludwigii Eckl. & Zeyh. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or herb. Habitat: Roadside, forest, 1800\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 818 (EA), Tiyoy L 1331 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Zimbabwe, South Africa.Hibiscusmacranthus Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or woody herb. Habitat: Forest grassland, 1500\u20132900 m. Voucher: Symes 387 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Eritrea to Tanzania.Hibiscusvitifolius L. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or herb. Habitat: Forest, woodland, 420\u20132250 m. Voucher: Lugard 454 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Kosteletzkyaadoensis Mast. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub . Habitat: Montane forests, grassland thickets, 1200\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Kosteletzkyabegoniifolia Ulbr. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Upland montane forest, swamps, marshes, moist thickets, 1450\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 820 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to South Tropical AfricaEXMalvaverticillata L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushlands, bamboo zones, alpine zones, woodland, forest, 1500\u20134000 m. Voucher: Tweedie DR 6 (EA). Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa, Central Asia to Korea.Melhaniavelutina Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Riverine forest, grassland, 0010\u20132000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Angola, SW Arabian Peninsula.Melochiacorchorifolia L. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Woodland, forest edge, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Pavoniaburchellii (DC.) R.A.Dyer \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest edge, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0059 . Native distribution range: Egypt to S Africa.Pavoniakilimandscharica G\u00fcrke \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bamboo zone, Ocotea and Podocarpus forest, 1200\u20133000 m. Voucher: Irwin PH 107 (EA). Native distribution range: Bioko, Cameroon, Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Pavoniaschimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, swamp edges, thickets forest, 1100\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1374 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Pavoniaurens Cav. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest, 1200\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Ross R 1340 (BR), 1345 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Sidarhombifoliavar.serratifolia (R.Wilczek & Steyaert) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Suffrutex shrub. Habitat: Forest, disturbed places, 900\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Sidaschimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, overgrazed areas, roadsides, 1200\u20132700 m. Voucher: Lind EM 292 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Tanzania.Sidaternata L.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb or undershrub. Habitat: Montane forest, bamboo, pathsade, 1350\u20133280 m. Voucher: Naiga 503 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Sparrmanniaricinocarpa Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, 1200\u20133350 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3586 (US). Native distribution range: E Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa, Madagascar.Triumfettabrachyceras K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Woodland, forest edge, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3629 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Burundi and Tanzania.Triumfettacordifolia A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or shrub. Habitat: Montane forest, woodland, 1000\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1533 (EA), Kahuko 14 (EA). Native distribution range: W & W Central Tropical Africa.Triumfettarhomboidea Jacq. \u2013 Habit: Herb or undershrub. Habitat: Forest, disturbed places, roadsides, 1100\u20132200 m. Vouchers: Chair-Jack 70 (EA), Goldschmidt W 37 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Triumfettatomentosa Bojer \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest clearings and old cultivation, 350\u20132100 m. Voucher: Jack C 155 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to Namibia.Urenalobata L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed cultivations, roadsides, 1250\u20132300 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0192 . Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical.3 Genera, 4 speciesAntherotomanaudinii Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shallow soils by streams, outcrop rock, 500\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Antherotomasenegambiensis (Guill. & Perr.) Jacq.-F\u00e9l. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside, disturbed grassland, outcrop rock, 1350\u20132650 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Argyrellacanescens (Graham) Harv. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Burnt or swampy grassland, 800\u20132200 m. Voucher: Jack C 89 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Africa.Dissotisspeciosa Taub. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb or shrub. Habitat: Streamside, marshes, 1000\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Uganda to NE Zambia.4 Genera, 6 speciesEkebergiacapensis Sparrm. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, upper forest adge, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Styles BT 315 , Snowden JD 965 (MO), Gillett JB 20948 (MO), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0105 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Entandrophragmaangolense C.DC. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 1100\u20131830 m. Vouchers: Styles 213 (EA), Eggeling 5602 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Entandrophragmaexcelsum Sprague \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Montane Forest, riverine forest, 1525\u20132150 m. Voucher: Styles 319 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to N Malawi.Lepidotrichiliavolkensii (G\u00fcrke) J.-F.Leroy \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 1550\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Style 180 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0046 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Burundi and Malawi.Turraeafloribunda Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Africa.Turraeaholstii G\u00fcrke \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 1750\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Bamps PRJ 6510 (WAG), Smyes 264 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0006, SAJIT-PR 0194 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi.1 Genus, 2 speciesBersamaabyssinica Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, 1140\u20132550 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0217 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Bersamaabyssinicasubsp.paullinioides (Planch.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Thickets, upland grassland, 1800\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Lugard 325 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0056 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.3 Genera, 5 speciesCissampelosmucronata A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Liane. Habitat: Swamps, forest edge, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 1304 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Cissampelospareira L. \u2013 Habit: Liane. Habitat: Rain forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1971 (WAG), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0052 . Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Hyalosepalumcaffrum (Miers) Troupin \u2013 Habit: Liane. Habitat: Forest, rock outcrop, bushland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1034 (EA), Tweedie EM 3126 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Stephaniaabyssinica Walp. \u2013 Habit: Liane. Habitat: River edges in forest, grassland, woodland, 2120\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Lugard 447 (EA), Gillett JB 20947 (WAG), Dummer RA 3641 (EA), Andersen R 364 (S), Granvik H 134 (S), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0051 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Stephaniacyanantha Welw. ex Hiern \u2013 Habit: Liane. Habitat: Swamps, volcanic lava, 3000\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Major EJ; Lugard Cyril 502a (K) 502 (EA). Native distribution range: Sierra Leone, Bioko to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.1 Genus, 1 speciesXymalosmonospora Baill. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small to medium size tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM 417 (MO), Wesche K 1850 (MO), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0187 . Native distribution range: SE Nigeria to W Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, S Sudan to South Africa.3 Genera, 7 speciesAntiaristoxicariavar.usambarensis (Engl.) C.C.Berg \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, riverine or semi-swampy forest, up to 1700 m. Voucher: St Clair Thomson in Eggeling 3957 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to N Zambia.Dorsteniabarnimiana Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Stony grasses, 1080\u20132170 m. Voucher: Adamson J 450 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Yemen and Zambia.Dorsteniabenguellensis Welw. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, 1000\u20132450 m. Voucher: Jack 262 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to W Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Ficusingens Miq. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Walter 6 (EA). Native distribution range: S Algeria to Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Ficusnatalensis Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Forest, woodland, riverine forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ivory Coast to Sudan and S Africa.Ficussur Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, riverine forest, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa to Arabian Peninsula.Ficussycomorus L. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, woodland, outcrop rock, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa to Syria.1 Genus, 2 speciesMyricameyerijohannis Engl. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Upland grassland, moor, ericaceous zone, (1950)\u20132700\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Harnilton & Perrott 756/433 (EA), Snowden JD 814 (EA), Wesche K 1182 (EA). Native distribution range: Central Kenya to N Tanzania.Myricasalicifolia Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, 3150\u20134321 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Eritrea to Burundi, Madagascar, SW Arabian Peninsula.1 Genus, 2 speciesSyzygiumcordatum Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Edward Mwangi 216 (EA), Jackson THE 345 (EA), Jack C 207 (EA), Eggeling WJ 2483 . Native distribution range: Uganda to S Africa.Syzygiumguineense DC. \u2013 Habit: Tree, shrub or pyrophytic subshrub. Habitat: Riverine forest, woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Taylor 3847 (MO), Naiper 2528 (MO), Snowden JD 1080 (MO). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.1 Genus, 2 speciesNymphaeanouchali Burm.f. \u2013 Habit: Aquatic herb. Habitat: Permanent water bodies, 0\u20132680 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World to N Australia.Nymphaeanouchalivar.caerulea (Savigny) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Aquatic herb. Habitat: Permanent water bodies, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Egypt to S Africa, S Arabian Peninsula, Comoros.1 Genus, 4 speciesOchnaafzelii R.Br. ex Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Grassland on rocky hills, bushland, forest, 1150\u20131350 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 873 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Ochnaholstii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, riverine forest, thickets, woodlands, 2250\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Dale IR 3121 , Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0069 . Native distribution range: S Central Ethiopia to S Africa.Ochnainsculpta Sleumer \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, lower forest edge, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 21 (EA). Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to N Tanzania.Ochnamembranacea Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, 1050\u20132250 m. Voucher: Jackson 417 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.1 Genus, 1 speciesStrombosiascheffleri Engl. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Rain forest, 800\u20132500 m. Voucher: St Clair-Thomson in Eggeling 3940 (K). Native distribution range: Nigeria to South Sudan and S Tropical Africa.4 Genera, 10 speciesEXFraxinusquadrangulata Michx. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Roadside, forest, 2590 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0257 . Native distribution range: N Central & E Central America.Jasminumabyssinicum R.Br. \u2013 Habit: Climbing shrub. Habitat: Shrubland, open and riverine forest, 900\u20133000 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0225 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa.Jasminumfluminense Vell. \u2013 Habit: Climbing shrub. Habitat: Woodland on shallow soil, 280\u20132650 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to Arabian Peninsula.Jasminumgrandiflorumsubsp.floribundum (R.Br. ex Fresen.) P.S.Green \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Bush on open ground, 400\u20132480 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 831 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0085 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to Rwanda, Arabian Peninsula.Oleacapensis L. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Wet land forest, 1150\u20132550m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0007 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Oleacapensissubsp.macrocarpa (C.H.Wright) I.Verd. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Oleaeuropaea L. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Ashburner M LCA 8 (EA), Taiti S 2 (EA), Fairbairn G 801 (EA). Native distribution range: Africa, Mediterranean to S Central China.Oleaeuropaeasubsp.cuspidata  Cif. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 950\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Fairbairn G 801 (US), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0017 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Mascarenes, Arabian Peninsula to China (Yunnan).Oleawelwitschii Gilg & G.Schellenb. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Schreberaalata Welw. \u2013 Habit: shrub or tree. Habitat: Bushland and forest, 1950\u20132400 m. Vouchers: (Fr), Jackson THE 344a (EA), Snowden JD 1016 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.2 Genera, 4 speciesEpilobiumhirsutum L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, woodland, 11900\u20132690 m. Vouchers: Major and Mrs Lugard 499 (EA), Symes YE 332 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0263 . Native distribution range: Temperate Eurasia to Africa.Epilobiumsalignum Hausskn. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Swampy places near streams, woodland, 1800\u20132830 m. Vouchers: Mrs Powles 35 (EA), Symes YE 520 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Epilobiumstereophyllum Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Stoloniferous herb. Habitat: Swamps, moor grassland, along water course, upper forest edge, 2600\u20133660 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 1000 (EA), 4449 (EA), Adamson J 491 (EA), Svein Manum 64 (O), Tweedie DR 21 (EA), Taylor G 3695 (EA), Bush RZ 250 (EA), Lisowski S 56570 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0260 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Malawi.Ludwigiaabyssinica A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Swamps, along rivers, woodland, 1000\u20132300 m. Voucher: Lugard C & Lugard EJ 335 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.9 Genera, 26 speciesAlectraorobanchoides Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, grassland, montane scrub, rock outcrop, 1750\u20132000 m. Voucher: Tweedie 2230 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda to S Africa.Alectrasessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, forest, 1850\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Major Lugard sn (EA), Mwangangi OM 411 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0157 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa to Philippines.Alectravogelii Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Bellardiatrixago (L.) All. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine zone, rocky places, grassland, 930\u20133100 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Mediterranean to Iran and W Central Kenya, South Africa.Buchneracapitata Burm.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, forest, 1750\u20132540 m. Vouchers: Wood 483 (EA), Irwin PH 245 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Buchnerahispida Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent.Buchneranuttii Skan \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1670\u20132170 m. Voucher: Jack C 97 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Buchneraruwenzoriensis Skan \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1200\u20131900 m. Vouchers: Wood 478 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda, Angola, Zambia.Cycniumadonense E.Mey. ex Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 1750\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Lugard C 568 (EA), Jack C 234 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Cycniumerectum Rendle \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, forest, grassland, 1500\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1724 (EA), Snowden JD 935 (EA), Dale 3094 (EA), Irwin PH 449 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Uganda.Cycniumherzfeldianum (Vatke) Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 72 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0058 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to DR Congo.Cycniumjamesii (Skan) O.J.Hansen \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Marshy grasslands, wooded grassland, 1500\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 867 (EA), James E sn (K). Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to Burundi.Cycniumrecurvum Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Disturbed grassland, outcrop rock, forest, 1500\u20133150 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1477 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to N Malawi.Cycniumtenuisectum (Standl.) O.J.Hansen \u2013 Habit: Herb or week shrub. Habitat: Upland grassy marshes, 1800\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 17 (EA), Dummer RA 3399 (EA), Williams JW 74/5 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0127 . Native distribution range: S Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Cycniumtubulosum Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland bushland, outcrop rock, 1800\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Symes YE 243 (EA), Lugard EJ 139 (EA), Lind EM 2153 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Hedbergiaabyssinica (Benth.) Molau \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, upper forest edge, 1750\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 450 (S), Hedberg et al. 2101 (EA). Native distribution range: S Nigeria to Cameroon, Ethiopia to Malawi.Hedbergiadecurva (Hochst. ex Benth.) A.Fleischm. & Heubl \u2013 Habit: Herb or undershrub. Habitat: Alpine belt, moorland, upper forest edge, 3150\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 09 (EA), Osmaston 4011 (EA), Leibenberg 1649 (EA), Bush RZ 254 (EA), Hedberg O 868 (EA), Tweedie DR 60 (EA), Thomas AS 538 (EA), Ekkens DB 409 (EA), Mwangangi OM 316 (EA), Gardiner N 21877 (EA), Gardiner N 1345 (EA), Bitzford N 23 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Uganda and N Tanzania.Hedbergialongiflora (Hochst. ex Benth.) A.Fleischm. & Heubl \u2013 Habit: Herb or Undershrub. Habitat: Forest, heath zone, 2950\u20133840 m. Vouchers: Wilson G 1240 (EA), Hedberg O 4459 (EA), Lye and Po in Lye 23072 (EA), Tweedie 2425 (K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Uganda and N Tanzania.Hedbergialongiflorasubsp.macrophylla (Hedberg) A.Fleischm. & Heubl \u2013 Habit: herb or subshrub. Habitat: Upper forest edge, heath, afro-alpine zone, 2400\u20133800 m. Vouchers: Lye & Poe in Lye 23072 (EA), Hedberg 4459 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central Tropical Africa .Micrargeriafiliformis (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hutch. & Dalziel \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, seepages in woodland, outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Lind EM 472 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Orobancheminor Sm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest, 800\u20132480 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0163 . Native distribution range: Europe to N Iraq, Macaronesia to Arabian Peninsula.Sopubiaeminii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1000\u20132790 m. Voucher: Tweedie 691 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Sopubiaramosa Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Herb or undershrub. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1600\u20132170 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.EXSopubiatrifida Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Outcrop rock, 1800\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: S China to Tropical Asia.Strigaasiatica (L.) Kuntze \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 0\u20132480 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Strigaforbesii Benth. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1060\u20132350 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.2 Genera, 5 speciesBiophytumabyssinicum Steud. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky grounds, grassland, forest, 1200\u20132650 m. Voucher: Jack C 49 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea.Oxalisanthelmintica A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, riverine forest edges, 830\u20132400 m. Voucher: Hedberg 810 (EA). Native distribution range: Sudan to S Tropical Africa.EXOxaliscorniculata L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper forest edge and moorland, 0\u20134100 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3517 (EA), Tweedie 2674, 2675, Jack C 135 (EA), Synge PM s 942 (WAG). Native distribution range: Mexico to Venezuela and Peru, Caribbean.EXOxalislatifolia Kunth \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, forest, cultivation, 1300\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical America.Oxalisobliquifolia Steud. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist rock outcrops, woodland, lower forest edge, 1750\u20133400 m. Voucher: Wesche K 1558 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.1 Genus, 1 speciesFumariaabyssinica Hammar \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland Forest, bamboo, upland moor, 2100\u20133400 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1781 , Hedberg O 4473 (EA), Tothill BH 2277 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Malawi, SW Arabian Peninsula.1 Genus, 1 speciesAdeniabequaertii Robyns & Lawalr\u00e9e \u2013 Habit: Woody climber. Habitat: Upland forest, riverine forest, 1350\u20132300 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: E DR Congo to SW Kenya.1 Genus, 1 speciesEXSesamumindicum L. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Forest, grassland, roadside 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Indian Subcontinent.1 Genus, 1 speciesOliniarochetiana A.Juss. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, fire degraded forest, 1680\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Ekkens DB 418 (EA), Eggeling 2484 (EA), Cheseny CMC 31 (EA), Napier ER 2535 (EA), Major & Lugard EJ 202 (EA), Jackson THE 1088 (EA), Tweedie DR 1287 (BR), Jackson 337 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0213 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Tanzania.2 Genera, 3 speciesBrideliamicrantha (Hochst.) Baill. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, forest, along rivers, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Jackson THE 346 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Mascarenes.Phyllanthusfischeri Pax \u2013 Habit: Shrub or herb. Habitat: Forest edges, 1650\u20132960 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Phyllanthusnummulariifolius Poir. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, forest edge, 630\u20132650 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa.1 Genus, 1 speciesPhytolaccadodecandra L\u2019H\u00e9r. \u2013 Habit: Climbing or scrambling shrub. Habitat: Riverine forest, 1650\u20132450 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.2 Genera, 5 speciesPeperomiaabyssinica Miq. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb in leaf-litters. Habitat: Montane forest, 1600\u20132950 m. Vouchers: Bamps PRJ 6490 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0196 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and Malawi.Peperomiaretusa A.Dietr. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Mist forest, streams, rocky places, mossy trunks, 1400\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 3335 (EA), RH Goodwin 120 (GH). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.Peperomiatetraphylla Hook. & Arn. \u2013 Habit: Epiphytic herb. Habitat: Forest, 1400\u20132450 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O (UPS), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0195 . Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.Pipercapense L.f. \u2013 Habit: Shrub, subshrub, liana or herb. Habitat: Forest undergrowth, mixed bamboo-forest, 1200\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.EXPiperumbellatum L. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or woody herb. Habitat: Moist forest, 1190\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Katende 651 (K), Tiyoy LM 1505 (K). Native distribution range: Mexico to Tropical America.1 Genus, 2 speciesPittosporumabyssinicum Delile \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E & E Central Tropical Africa.Pittosporumviridiflorum Sims \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Forest, bushland, riverine forest, 900\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Gardner HM 610 (EA), Katende AB 3603 (UPS). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula.5 Genera, 11 speciesCallitrichekeniensis Schotsman \u2013 Habit: Aquatic herb. Habitat: Small pools, streams, 2100\u20134250 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 116 (EA), O Hedberg 939 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda (Mt Elgon) to Kenya (Mountains).*EXCallitrichestagnalis Scop. \u2013 Habit: Aquatic herb. Habitat: Streams, ponds, crater moorland, 2150\u20134250 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 939 (EA). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, NW Africa, Europe to Turkey.Misopatesorontium (L.) Raf. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, cultivation, roadside, 1650\u20132730 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Mediterranean to NE Sudan.EXPlantagolanceolata L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadside, wooded grassland, 1650\u20132750 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0072 . Native distribution range: Macaronesia, N Africa to Mauritania, Temperate Eurasia.Plantagopalmata Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, roadside, 1705\u20134030 m. Vouchers: Jack C 177 (EA), 228 (EA), Beentje HJ 1970 (EA), Mwangangi OM 323 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0165 . Native distribution range: Bioko to Ethiopia and Zimbabwe.Sibthorpiaeuropaea L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, roadsides, 2150\u20133750 m. Vouchers: Hedberg sn, Dummer RA 3521 (EA), Hedberg 270 (EA), Kisalye N; van Heist 134 (K). Native distribution range: Azores, W & S Europe to Tropical African Mountains.Veronicaabyssinica Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland edges, 1560\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2335 (EA), Beentje HJ 1969 , Hedberg O 989 (EA), Webster MVB 8943 (EA), Bush RZ 285 (EA), Taylor G 3723 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to Somalia and S Tropical Africa.Veronicaanagallis-aquatica L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Woodland, permanent shallow running waters, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2237 (EA), Hedberg O (UPS). Native distribution range: Temperate Eurasia to Tropical Mountains.EXVeronicacalycina R.Br. \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Rocky upland soils, 2700\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 88 (EA), Hedberg 9411 (EA). Native distribution range: SW Western Australia, SE Queensland to SE Australia.Veronicaglandulosa Hochst. ex Benth. \u2013 Habit: Trailing herb. Habitat: Upper montane forest, alpine, moorland, 2000\u20134100 m. Vouchers: Irwin PH 363 (EA), Hedberg O 857, 4549 (EA), Lye KA 5724 (EA), Webster MVB 8942 (EA), Tweedie DR 16, 69, 129, 4030 (EA), Dale IR 3187 (EA), Mwangangi OM 309 (EA), Bickford N 51 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Veronicajavanica Blume \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1800\u20132790 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1448 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Tropical Africa, Tropical & Subtropical Asia.1 Genus, 1 speciesPlumbagomontis-elgonis Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, riverine, 1350\u20132170 m. Vouchers: Lugard C 657 (K), 637 (EA). Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to NW Tanzania.2 Genera, 2 speciesLedermanniellamaturiniana Beentje \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waterfalls, fast flowing water, 800\u20131500 m. Voucher: Taylor G 3140 . Native distribution range: Kenya.*Tristichatrifaria Spreng. \u2013 Habit: Aquatic herb. Habitat: Streams and rivers, woodland, 1300\u20132300 m. Voucher: Thomas AS 2013 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.1 Genus, 10 speciesPolygalaalbida Schinz \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, wooded grassland, cultivated fields, 1400\u20132300 m. Voucher: Symes YE 233 (EA). Native distribution range: E Ethiopia, Rwanda to S Africa.Polygalaalbidasubsp.stanleyana (Chodat) Paiva \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, woodland, cultivation, grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to Namibia.Polygalaerioptera DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrublet. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, woodland, rock outcrop, 120\u20132000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Arabian Peninsula, India subcontinent to Indo-China, Africa.Polygalaohlendorfiana Eckl. & Zeyh. \u2013 Habit: Prostrate herb. Habitat: Burnt grassland, 1800\u20132750 m. Voucher: Jex-Blake B 1259 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Africa.Polygalapersicariifolia DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 4096 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Tropical & Subtropical Asia to N Australia.Polygalapetitiana A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Webster 8716 (EA), Jack C 34 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Polygalasadebeckiana G\u00fcrke \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrublet. Habitat: Forest, riverine forest, grassland, 1500\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Sudan to Mozambique.Polygalasparsifloravar.ukirensis (G\u00fcrke) Paiva \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1000\u20132250 m. Voucher: Major EJ & Lugard C 20 (EA). Native distribution range: Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Uganda to S Tropical Africa.Polygalasphenoptera Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland 1750\u20133300 m. Vouchers: Bamps PRJ 6512 , Lugard EJ 477 (EA), Jack C 71 (EA), Webster MVB 8714 (EA), Ross R 1360 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0098 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Polygalasteudneri Chodat \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Afro alpine grassland, rocky grassland, 3000\u20134050 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3365 (EA), Dale 3101, Wesche K 1827, Tweedie DR 54 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Tanzania.5 Genera, 12 speciesEXFallopiaconvolvulus (L.) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve \u2013 Habit: Climbing, twining herb. Habitat: Forest, cultivation, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Irwin PH 228 (EA). Native distribution range: Macaronesia to N Africa, Temperate Eurasia.Harpagocarpussnowdenii Hutch. & Dandy \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Forest, 1350\u20132400 m. Voucher: Katende T; Sheil D 2257 (K). Native distribution range: Cameroon to South Sudan and E TanzaniaOxygonumsinuatum (Hochst. & Steud. ex Meisn.) Dammer \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Cultivation, roadsides, 600\u20132250 m. Voucher: Symes YE 121 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Persicariadecipiens (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Marshes, waterside, 1000\u20133170 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1966 , Lugard C & Lugard EJ 589 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World to Australasia.Persicarianepalensis (Meisn.) H.Gross \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest edges, marshes, in cultivation, streams and rivers, 1140\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Katende T; Sheil, D 667 (K), van Heist, M. 570 (K), Hedberg O 105 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to South Africa, Madagascar, Tropical & Subtropical Asia.EXPersicariapulchra Soj\u00e1k \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waterside plant, upto 2500 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: India to SE China and W & Central Malesia.Persicariasenegalensis (Meisn.) Soj\u00e1k \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waterside, marshes, up to 2850 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa to Arabia Peninsula.Persicariasetosula (A.Rich.) K.L.Wilson \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Waterside, 1330\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Katende 1193 (K), Tiyoy L 1392 (K), Hedberg KO 32 (BR), Beentje HJ 1967 (EA), Jack C 500, 131 (EA), Hedberg O 109 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0181 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to SW Syria.Rumexabyssinicus Jacq. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, forest, 1600\u20133300 m. Voucher: Tiyoy LM 1389 (K). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea and S Tropical Africa, Madagascar.Rumexnepalensis Spreng. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, woodland, forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Sheil and Vanheist 362 (K), Naiga; Lawrence 301 (K). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa, Madagascar, SE Europe to China, Jawa.Rumexruwenzoriensis Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, upland moor, bamboo forest, 1950\u20133700 m. Voucher: Human observation sn (EA). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Rumexsteudelii Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest in streamside, roadside, 1200\u20133240 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa, Madagascar, SE Europe to China.1 Genus, 3 speciesPortulacaafricana (Danin & H.G.Baker) Danin \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, in cultivation, ruderal sites, 500\u20132350 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1996 (EA). Native distribution range: Mauritania to Mali, Egypt to Malawi, India, S China.Portulacaoleracea L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, lower forest edge, 500\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Macaronesia, Tropical Africa, Mediterranean to Pakistan and Arabian Peninsula.Portulacaquadrifida L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Stony grassland, shrubland, 300\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World to SW Pacific.4 Genera, 9 speciesArdisiandrawettsteinii J.Wagner \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Subalpine bushlands, moist bamboo thickets, 1580\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Lysimachiaadoensis (Kunze) Klatt \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, cultivation, 2015\u20133500 m. Voucher: Tweedie 855 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to N Tanzania.EXLysimachiaarvensis (L.) U.Manns & Anderb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, 1400\u20132635 m. Voucher: Tweedie 849 (EA). Native distribution range: Europe to Central Asia and Himalaya, N Africa to Ethiopia and Arabian Peninsula.Lysimachiaruhmeriana Vatke \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grasslands, woodland, riverine, marshes, forest, 2020\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Taylor G 3650, 3559 (EA), Tweedie 1408 (EA), Dummer RA 3561 (US). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa, Madagascar.Lysimachiaserpens (Hochst. ex A.DC.) U.Manns & Anderb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, moorland, 3000\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Forbes 275 (EA), Thomas AS 2688 A (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Zimbabwe.EXLysimachiatenella L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1650\u20132040 m. Voucher: Gilbert MG & Tadesse M 6544 (EA). Native distribution range: W & S Europe, NW Africa.Maesalanceolata Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Grassland, forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 832 (EA), Taylor 3419 (MO). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula.Myrsineafricana L. \u2013 Habit: Shrub, undershrub or tree. Habitat: Upland forest edge, open wooded grassland, 2250\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1008 (EA), Webster MVB 8821 (EA), Tweedie DR 1994 (B), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0036 . Native distribution range: Azores, Eritrea to S Africa, Arabian Peninsula to China, Taiwan.Myrsinemelanophloeos R.Br. ex Sweet \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Riverine, swamp forest, upland grassland, open woodland, 900\u20133750 m. Voucher: Eggeling 2453 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.2 Genera, 6 speciesFaurearochetiana Chiov. ex Pic.Serm. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Wet savanna on rocky slops, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Taylor G 3727 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Faureasaligna Harv. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, woodland, outcrop rock, 3000\u20133150 m. Voucher: JR Dale (MA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Africa.Proteacaffra Meisn. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Rock outcrop, grassland, woodland, 1000\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Taylor G (S), Bush RZ 278 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to S Africa.Proteacaffrasubsp.kilimandscharica (Engl.) Chisumpa & Brummitt \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, 2300\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Eggeling WJ 5739 (EA), Snowden JD 469 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical African Mountains.Proteagaguedi J.F.Gmel. \u2013 Habit: Large bush or small tree. Habitat: Bushland, tree grassland, 1500\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Gerti Lindblom (S), Snowden JD 1068 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0130 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Proteamadiensis Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Grassland, woodlands, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: S Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.5 Genera, 14 speciesAnemonethomsonii Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist/boggy grassland, outcrop rocks, 2500\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Dale 3090 (EA), Tweedie 56 (EA), Lugard C 305 (EA), Liebenberg 1605 (EA), Manum 45 (O), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0141 . Native distribution range: S Central Ethiopia to E DR Congo.Clematisbrachiata Thunb. \u2013 Habit: Woody climber. Habitat: Forest, wooded grassland, 720\u20133150 m. Vouchers: E Hind 429 (BR), Jack C 18 (EA), Lugard C & Lugard EJ 65 (EA), Smeri PH 39 (EA), Symes YE 240 (EA). Native distribution range: Senegal, Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Africa, Madagascar.Clematishirsuta Guill. & Perr. \u2013 Habit: Woody climber. Habitat: Forest, woodland grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: PH Sruin 39 (BR). Native distribution range: Cape Verde, Sahara to Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, S India.Clematissimensis Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby climber. Habitat: Forest, roadsides, grassland woodland, 1600\u20133250 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1985 , Irwin PH 375 (EA), Irving FR 38 (EA), Tweedie DR 87 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar.Clematisvillosa DC. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Burnt grassland, rock outcrop, 1500\u20132100 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 840 (BR). Native distribution range: S Uganda to Angola.Delphiniummacrocentrum Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rocky grassland, moist bamboo thickets, 1650\u20133900 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2411 (EA), Allen T 3675 (EA), Hedberg O 4512 (EA), Bickford N 25 (EA), 41 (EA), Tweedie 13 (EA), Jack C 2643 (EA), Lugard C & Lugard EJ 26 (EA), Ritchie AT & Beentje 1998 (EA), Bogdan A 5407 (EA), Webster MVB 8711 (EA). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa , N Malawi.*Delphiniumwellbyi Hemsl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1200\u20131500 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 722 (EA), Greenway PJ & Daughty LR 8532 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia, Central Kenya.*Ranunculusaberdaricus Ulbr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rare in wet alpine turf, bamboo thickets, 2550\u20133660 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia, Kenya (Aberdare Mountains)*Ranunculuscryptanthus Milne-Redh. & Turrill \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moor, 4050\u20134100 m. Vouchers: Taylor 3542 (EA), Hedberg K.O 1005 . Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa (Mt Elgon).**Ranunculusmultifidus Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, stream sides, 1530\u20133450 m. Vouchers: Beentje HJ 1968 (WAG), Mwangangi OM 380 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0235 , Naiga 450 (UPS), Symes YE 251 (EA), Hamilton & Perrott 76/408 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea and S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar.Ranunculusoreophytus Delile \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, rocky clef, grassland, by streamside, upland moor, 2550\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Svein Manum 16 (LD), Mathama M & Gehrke B 137 (EA), Ekkens DB 413 (EA), Tweedie 12 (EA), Knox EB 3839, 3845 (EA). Native distribution range: Sudan to Tanzania.Ranunculusstagnalis Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moorland, 3000\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Mrs J Adamson 484 (EA), Muthama M & Berit Gehrke 142 (EA), Milne-Redhead E & Hedberg O 994 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E DR Congo.Ranunculusvolkensii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Peaty grassland, 2550\u20133400 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3312 (K), Muthama M & Gehrke B 143 (EA), Knox EB 3840 (EA). Native distribution range: W Central Ethiopia, Mountains of E Central & E Tropical Africa.Thalictrumrhynchocarpum Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Path sides, forest, bushland on stream sides, grassland, 1550\u20133275 m. Vouchers: Lugard 660 (EA), Irwin PH 309 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0047 . Native distribution range: Bioko to Ethiopia & S Africa.4 Genera, 5 speciesHelinusmystacinus E.Mey. ex Steud. \u2013 Habit: Woody climber. Habitat: Wooded grassland, forest margin, secondary bushland, 1450\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Cheseny CM 1 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0070 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Rhamnusprinoides L\u2019H\u00e9r. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest edges, evergreen bushlands, thickets, 1750\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Lugard 576 (EA), Bamps PRJ 6493 (WAG), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0015 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea & S Africa.Rhamnusstaddo A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest edges, bushland, woodland, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Zimbabwe, Arabian Peninsula.Scutiamyrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest edges, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 2508 (BR), Taylor G 3430 (S), Jackson THE 323 (EA), Taiti S 588 (EA), Lugard C 621 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, W Indian Ocean, India to China  and Indo-China.Ziziphusabyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Scattered-tree grassland, 700\u20132200 m. Voucher: Dale IR 3092 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.1 Genus, 1 speciesCassipoureamalosana (Baker) Alston \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Styles B 293 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0008 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa.5 Genera, 18 speciesAlchemillaabyssinica Fres. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Heath, bamboo zones, 2700\u20134100 m. Voucher: Dummer RA 3559 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Kenya.Alchemillaargyrophylla Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland moor, moor grassland, often dominant in rocky grounds, 2250\u20134500 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0250 . Native distribution range: S Sudan to N Tanzania.Alchemillacryptantha Steud. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine, montane grassland, 1725\u20133200 m. Vouchers: Strid A 3431 (EA), Hedberg O 104, 849 (EA), Knox EB 2635 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa, Madagascar.Alchemillaelgonensis Mildbr. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Upland moor, moist bamboo-thickets, 2700\u20134350 m. Vouchers: Lugard 369 (EA), Tweedie 24 (EA), Hedberg KO 4452 (BR), Gillett JB 18437 (WAG), Liebenberg 1616 (EA), Sounders & Hancock 60 (EA), Thomson AS 559 (EA). Native distribution range: E Uganda to W Central Kenya.**Alchemillaellenbeckii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Moist bamboo tickets, moor grassland, forest margin, 2100\u20134250 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 843 (EA), Lugard EJ 2961 (EA), Knox EB 2621 (EA), Arnstein KL 5733 (EA), Hedberg O 4546 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Alchemillajohnstonii Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moist bamboo tickets, moor grassland, 2900\u20134321 m. Vouchers: Gillett JB 18448 (EA), Hedberg O 1954, 272, 1958 (EA), Knox EB 2610 (EA). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical African Mountains.Alchemillakiwuensis Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, forest, bamboo thickets, 200\u20133000 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0162 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and S Africa.Alchemillamicrobetula T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Rare alpine, 3500\u20134150 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 896, 967, 4511, 4516, 4523 (EA), Granvik H sn (S). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.*Alchemillavolkensii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland bushlands, moist bamboo thickets, 1500\u20132900 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2464, 2341 (EA), Thomas AS 531 (EA). Native distribution range: Uganda, N Tanzania.Cliffortianitidula R.E.Fr. & T.C.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Moorland, 2920\u20133490 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to South Africa.Hageniaabyssinica (Bruce) J.F.Gmel. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, moist bamboo thickets, 2250\u20133600 m. Voucher: Tothill BH 2297 (MO). Native distribution range: Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Za\u00efre.Prunusafricana (Hook.f.) Kalkman \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Riverine Forest, 900\u20133000 m. Voucher: Lugard 445 (EA). Native distribution range: Ghana to Ethiopia and S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Rubusapetalus Poir. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane forests, bushlands, 1600\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Eritrea and S Africa, W Indian Ocean, N Yemen.Rubusfriesiorumsubsp.elgonensis (Gust.) R.A.Graham \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, 3300 m. Vouchers: Liebenburg 1645 (EA), Thomas AS 591 (EA), Synge 913 (EA), Dummer RA 3541 (MO), Synge PM 913 (K). Native distribution range: Uganda (Mt Elgon).**EXRubusniveus Thunb. \u2013 Habit: shrub. Habitat: Disturbed woodlands, 2400\u20133000 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Afghanistan to Central China and Indo-China.Rubuspinnatus Willd. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, moist bamboo thickets, 1950\u20132200 m. Voucher: Lugard 509 (EA). Native distribution range: Ascension, St Helena, Tropical & S Africa.Rubussteudneri Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane forests, 2000\u20133480 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 489 (EA), Tothill BH 238 (EA), Saundy & Hancock 103 (EA), Mwangangi OM 307 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0123, SAJIT-PR 0171 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central Tropical Africa.Rubusvolkensii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest, bamboo zone, 2600\u20134100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Tanzania.24 Genera, 58 speciesAnthospermumherbaceum L.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest edges, grassland, woodland, heathland, 1560\u20133240 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1997 (K), Wesche K 1438 (K), Irwin PH Mrs 57 (K), Lewis WH 5959 (K). Native distribution range: SW Arabian Peninsula, Eritrea to S Africa.Anthospermumusambarense K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Alpine bushland, forest, 2150\u20134050 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3348 (MO), Dale 48 (MO). Native distribution range: S Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Canthiumoligocarpum Hiern \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, 1800\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Dale 88 (MO), 455 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to W Mozambique.Coffeaeugenioides S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Bush or small tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: South Sudan to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Dolichopentasdecora (S.Moore) Karehed & B.Bremer \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1590\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Dolichopentaslongiflora (Oliv.) Karehed & B.Bremer \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Woodlands with combretum, 1590\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Holm \u00c5 103 (S), Lewis WH 5962 (US), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0055 . Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa to Malawi.EXGaliumaparine L. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Cultivation, wasteland, 1600\u20132790 m. Voucher: Andersen R 89 (S). Native distribution range: Macaronesia to Temperate Eurasia.Galiumaparinoides Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest, rocky streams, grassland, 1679\u20133700 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2374 (EA), Leibenberg 1630 (EA), Knox EB 2641 (EA), Knox A.B 3777 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania, SW Arabian Peninsula.Galiumglaciale K.Krause \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine zone, along river banks 3510\u20134350 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 1135 (K), Hedberg O 892 (K). Native distribution range: DR Congo to E Tropical Africa.Galiumossirwaense K.Krause \u2013 Habit: Straggling herb. Habitat: Grassland, montane forest edge, 1900\u20133750 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ 400a (K), Wesche K 462 (BR), Hooper SS; Townsend CC 1461 (K), Lisowski S 10577 (K), Hedberg O 4476 , Hedberg O 889 (S), Liebenberg 1619 . Native distribution range: E Tropical African Mountains to N Mozambique.Galiumruwenzoriense (Cortesi) Ehrend. ex Hedberg \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Forest, forest clearing, alpine, moorland, rocky grounds, 2350\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Tothill BH 2258 (EA), Tweedie 2543 (EA), Lugard 365 (EA), Wesche K 10 (BR). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical African Mountains.Galiumsimense Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, woodland, forest, 1750\u20132700 m. Voucher: Tweedie 2412 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical African Mountains.EXGaliumtanganyikense Ehrend. & Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, among rocks, streamsides, 2400\u20132820 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ 365 (K). Native distribution range: Tanzania.Galiumthunbergianum Eckl. & Zeyh. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, 2050\u20133750 m. Vouchers: Knox EB, 3836 (EA), Knox EB 3787 (EA), Dummer RA 3472 (US), Lugard EJ 365 (K). Native distribution range: Cape Verde, Cameroon Sudan and S Africa, Madagascar.Gardeniaternifoliasubsp.jovis-tonantis (Welw.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, grassland, woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Heinseniadiervilleoides K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small understory tree. Habitat: Forest edges, thickets, 800\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Thomson in Eggeling 3175 (EA), Eggeling WJ 3947 (MO). Native distribution range: S Sudan to Zimbabwe.Hymenodictyonfloribundum B.L.Rob. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Outcrop rock, bushland, woodland, wooded grassland, 1800\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2633, Adamson J 453 (EA), Synnott TJ 541 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0093 , JR Dale 3091 (MA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to NW Namibia.Keetiagueinzii (Sond.) Bridson \u2013 Habit: Shrub or liana. Habitat: Woodlands, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Africa.Kohautiaaspera (Heyne ex Roth) Bremek. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, open bushland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 2008 (EA). Native distribution range: Cape Verde, Dry Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan to India.Kohautiacoccinea Royle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grasslands, wet savanna, 1250\u20132500 m. Voucher: Lewis WH 5952 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Yemen, Iran to Nepal.Oldenlandiacorymbosa L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Short grassland, bushlands, shallow pans, 001\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Lewis WH 5977, 5953 (US). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Oldenlandiacorymbosavar.linearis (DC.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Lewis WH 5977 (EA), Tweedie EM 757 (K). Native distribution range: Africa, Indian Subcontinent.Oldenlandiacorymbosavar.nana (Bremek.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Short grassland, paddocks, path sides, 780\u20132280 m. Vouchers: Lewis WH 5970 (K), Lind EM 245 (K). Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Oldenlandiaherbacea (L.) Roxb. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa, Indian Subcontinent to Andaman Islands.Oldenlandiamonanthos Hiern \u2013 Habit: Mat forming herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, roadsides, 1350\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 8684 (EA), Wood OH 114 (EA), Tweedie 712 (EA), Synge PM 1064 (S). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Oldenlandiascopulorum Bullock \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, rock outcrop, 1200\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ; Lugard C 346 (K). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Paraknoxiaparviflora (Stapf ex Verdc.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Short grasslands, bushland, old cultivations, 350\u20132280 m. Vouchers: Lewis WH 5967  5954 (US), Tweedie EM 515 (BR). Native distribution range: Central African Republic to Kenya and Zimbabwe.Pavettaabyssinica Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Bush or small tree. Habitat: Woodland, riverine forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Hamilton, PH 76/ 779 (U), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0178 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania.Pavettaoliveriana Hiern \u2013 Habit: Bush or small tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Irwin PH 32 (WAG). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Burundi and Tanzania.Pavettaternifolia Hiern \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Riverine thickets, grassland, forest, woodland, 1150\u20131950 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0191 . Native distribution range: East Central & Eastern Tropical Africa.Pentanisiaouranogyne S.Moore \u2013 Habit: herb. Habitat: Disturbed grassland, along the track, 300\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Lewis WH 5965 (US), Holm \u00c5 102 (S), Andersen R 76 (S). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Pentanisiaschweinfurthii Hiern \u2013 Habit: Pyrophytic herb. Habitat: Grassland, 840\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Evans James (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to South Sudan and S Tropical Africa.Pentasarvensis Hiern \u2013 Habit: Pyrophytic herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1200\u20131530 m. Voucher: James 1905 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to South Sudan and SW Kenya.Pentaslanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers \u2013 Habit: Shrub or woody herb. Habitat: Forest, 1200\u20132830 m. Vouchers: Synge PM 1079 (S). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Mozambique, Comoros, Arabian Peninsula.EXPentaslanceolatasubsp.quartiniana (A.Rich) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Forest, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Eritrea to DR Congo.Pentaslanceolatavar.leucaster (K.Krause) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Forest margin, 1200\u20132830 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: E DR Congo to Ethiopia and N Tanzania.Pentaspubiflora S.Moore \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrubby herb. Habitat: Woodlands, montane and riverine forests, 1230\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1267 (EA), Lewis WH 5963 (US), Irwin PH 55 (S). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Uganda and Mozambique.Pentaszanzibaricavar.tenuifolia Vatke \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrubby herb. Habitat: Evergreen forest, 1800\u20132440 m. Voucher: Amani 9644 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya (Trans-Nzoia).**Phyllopentasschimperi (Hochst.) Y.D.Zhou & Q.F.Wang \u2013 Habit: Shrub or woody herb. Habitat: Forest edge, 1450\u20132710 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0120 . Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Psychotriafractinervata E.M.A.Petit \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, 1500\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Wood 113b . Native distribution range: E Tropical Africa.Psychotriaorophila E.M.A.Petit \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, 1650\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Wood C113 (EA), Dummer RA 3582 (EA), Snowden JD 1196 (EA), Hedberg O (WAG). Native distribution range: South Sudan to E Tropical Africa.Psydraxparviflorus (Afzel.) Bridson \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, thicket, grassland, 1400\u20132250 m. Voucher: Jackson THE 322 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Psydraxparviflorussubsp.rubrocostatus (Robyns) Bridson \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, 1750\u20132750 m. Vouchers: Thomson T 1798 (EA), St Clair-Thompson T 1798 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to Malawi.Rothmanniamanganjae (Hiern) Keay \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Jex -Blake in CM 6864 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Kenya to S Tropical Africa.Rothmanniaurcelliformis Bullock ex Robyns \u2013 Habit: Bush or small tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Rubiacordifolia L. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Woodland, 1240\u20133120 m. Voucher: Beentje HJ 1929 (WAG). Native distribution range: Greece, Sudan to S Africa, Asia.Rutideaorientalis Bridson \u2013 Habit: Shrub or climber. Habitat: Moist forest, 375\u20132400 m. Voucher: Eggeling 3627 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Tropical Africa.Rytigyniaacuminatissima Robyns \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Riverine forest understory, 1650\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Maitland 1231 & 1245 (EA), Dale in FD 3119 (EA), Hamilton & Perrott 76/770 (EA), Snowden JD 907/b (WAG). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Rytigynianeglecta Robyns \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Cameroon to Ethiopia and Kenya.Rytigyniauhligii (K.Schum. & K.Krause) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Dale IR 3389 (BR). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Tropical Africa.Spermacoceminutiflora (K.Schum.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wooded grassland, 1500\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ 231 (K), Lewis WH 5971 (K), Tweedie 516, 739, 807, 2479, (K). Native distribution range: S Sudan to Kenya.Spermacoceprinceae (K.Schum.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bamboo forest, forest, 2250\u20133150 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.EXSpermacocepusilla Wall. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, roadsides, rocky areas, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Lewis WH 5966 (US). Native distribution range: S China to Tropical Asia.Spermacocesphaerostigma Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Vangueriaapiculata K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, grassland, riverine, marshes, rock outcrop, 2190\u20132251 m. Vouchers: Lugard 234A (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0001 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Vangueriainfaustasubsp.rotundata (Robyns) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, bushlands, rocky thickets, 30\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Padwa JH 3 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0024 . Native distribution range: Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Vangueriamadagascariensis J.F.Gmel. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Vangueriavolkensii K.Schum. \u2013 Habit: Shrub, subscandent shrub or small tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Bridson D 65 (EA/BR/K/WAG), Mrs Tweedie 1315 (S), Andersen R 236 (S), Lugard C & Lugard EJ 622 (EA), Fairbairn G 894 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.2 Genera, 2 speciesVeprisnobilis (Delile) Mziray \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Lower edge of forest, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Tropical Africa.Zanthoxylumasiaticum (L.) Appelhans, Groppo & J.Wen \u2013 Habit: Shrub or liane. Habitat: Lower edge of forest, wooded grassland, bushland, 1750\u20132800 m. Vouchers: Jackson THE 302 (EA), Lugard C & Lugard EJ 537 (EA) Fack WE 284 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Eswatini, W Indian Ocean, Tropical & Subtropical Asia.6 Genera, 7 speciesCaseariabattiscombei R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Upland moist forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Vouchers: St Clair-Thompson in Eggeling 3954 & 3955 (EA), Fairbairn G 3384 (BR). Native distribution range: E & S Tropical Africa.Dovyalisabyssinica (A.Rich.) Warb. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Moist forest, open wooded grassland, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1084 (EA), Bamps PRJ 6516 (EA), Hamilton & Perrott 76/364 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0050 . Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa to Malawi.Dovyalismacrocalyx Warb. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Moist Forest, bushland, wooded grassland, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Major C & Lugard EJ 577 (EA). Native distribution range: S Sudan to S Tropical Africa.Flacourtiaindica (Burm.f.) Merr. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, wooded grassland, bushland, 2250\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 826 (EA), Major Jack 2857 (EA), Jackson THE 422 (MA), Trapnell CG 2367 (EA), Katende AB 3606 (MO), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0099 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, SE China to Tropical Asia.Oncobaspinosa Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, riverine forest, bushland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Padwa JH 2 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Salixmucronata Thunb. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Riverine forest, bushland, grassland, 1550\u20132600 m. Vouchers: Dale U 11 (EA), Kimera 21 (EA), Thomas 2607 (EA). Native distribution range: Africa to Arabian Peninsula.Trimeriagrandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, riverine forest, wooded grassland, 1750\u20132450 m. Voucher: Jack C 263 (EA). Native distribution range: E Zimbabwe to S Africa.3 Genera, 7 speciesOsyrislanceolata Hochst. & Steud. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or a small tree. Habitat: Woodland, upland evergreen forest and mist forest, 1750\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Eggeling 2485 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0084 . Native distribution range: S Iberian Peninsula Baleares, Canary Islands, Sahara to S Africa, Socotra, Indian Subcontinent to S China and Indo-China.Thesiumkilimandscharicum Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, heath scrub, afro alpine zone, 2200\u20134200 m. Voucher: Jex-Blake in Bally 1955 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to N Malawi.Thesiummukense A.W.Hill \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Burnt grassland, 1800\u20132700 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to S Africa.Thesiumschweinfurthii Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, woodland, mixed bushland, 1050\u20132300 m. Voucher: Tweedie 3555 (EA). Native distribution range: Nigeria to W & S Ethiopia and Zambia.Viscumschimperi Engl. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Dry evergreen forest, bushland, 1160\u20132140 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM 1166 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to Tanzania, Arabian Peninsula.Viscumtriflorum DC. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Forest, 100\u20132300 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9, Central African Republic to N Somalia and S Africa, W Indian Ocean.Viscumtuberculatum A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Dry evergreen forest, woodland, bushland, 1650\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie DR 130 (BR), Cheseny CM 19 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0061 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to South Africa.2 Genera, 5 speciesAllophylusabyssinicus Radlk. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, moist forest, evergreen thickets, 1750\u20132550 m. Vouchers: Styles 298 (EA), Tweedie 2243 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Tropical Africa.Allophylusafricanus P.Beauv. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2415 (EA), Jackson THE 320 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0200 . Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Allophylusferrugineus Taub. \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub or climber. Habitat: Forest, stream sides, 1050\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Lugard Mrs C 671 (EA). Native distribution range: S Nigeria to Ethiopia and Namibia.Allophylusrubifolius Engl. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or medium sized tree. Habitat: Grassland, thickets, cultivations, riverine, 0\u20132250 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2016 (EA), 2016B, Jackson THE 316 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.Deinbolliakilimandscharica Taub. \u2013 Habit: Small tree or shrub. Habitat: Evergreen forest, upland moist forest, 1100\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 796 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.3 Genera, 3 speciesAningeriaadolfi-friederici (Engl.) Robyns & Gilbert \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Eggeling WJ 3956 . Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to Zimbabwe.Manilkarabutugi Chiov. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Upland forest, riverine forest, 1500\u20132300 m. Voucher: Eggeling WJ 5734 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Tanzania.Mimusopskummel Bruce ex A.DC. \u2013 Habit: Tree or shrub. Habitat: Riverine forest, upland evergreen forest, 1200\u20132250 m. Voucher: Snowden JD 1066 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.8 Genera, 12 speciesBuddlejapolystachya Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, forest, 1750\u20133000 m. Vouchers: Bamps PRJ 6492 (WAG), Katende AB 3602 (MO), Beentje HJ 1926 (WAG), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0206 . Native distribution range: NE Tropical Africa to N Tanzania, SW Arabian Peninsula.Cycniopsishumifusa Engl. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet grassland, 1000\u20132500 m. Voucher: Evans James sn (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to N Tanzania, and Yemen.Diclisbambuseti R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, bamboo zone, 2000\u20133720 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 842 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0238, SAJIT-PR 0268 . Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Hebenstretiaangolensis Rolfe \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Grassland, rocky heathland, 1600\u20134000 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 245 (EA), Taylor G 3450 (S), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0150 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Hebenstretiadentata L. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Upper forest edge, moorland, 3000\u20134321 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa, South Africa.Limosellaafricana Gl\u00fcck \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Ephemeral pools, alpine peaty soils, 1600\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Lind EM 291 (EA), Forbes 280 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0039 . Native distribution range: Cameroon, Mali, Eritrea to N Tanzania, Namibia to South Africa, Yemen.Limosellamacrantha R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moorland zone, upper forest margin, moorland, 2500\u20134300 m. Vouchers: Wood GHS 912(K), Taylor G 3670 (BR) 9670 (BR), Gillett JB 18480 , Wesche K 1094 (EA). Native distribution range: SE Ethiopia to Rwanda and N Tanzania, Yemen.Limosellamajor Diels \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Temporary pools, grassland, 1800\u20132700 m. Voucher: Tweedie 2848 (EA). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.Rhabdotospermabrevipedicellata (Engl.) Hartl \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland grassland, woodland forest, 3600\u20134100 m. Voucher: Liebenberg (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Central & E Tropical Africa.Rhabdotospermascrophulariifolia (Hochst.) Hartl \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, upper forest margin, 1800\u20133600 m. Vouchers: Thomas AS 525 (EA), Lugard 491 (EA). Native distribution range: Cameroon, Ethiopia to Burundi and N Tanzania.Selagothomsonii Rolfe \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Dry subalpine heathland, 1860\u20133380 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O (UPS), James E sn (K). Native distribution range: Kenya to Tanzania.Zaluzianskyaelgonensis Hedberg \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Alpine zone on rocky grounds, 3800 m. Voucher: Hedberg O 4478 (K). Native distribution range: SE Uganda, N Tanzania.5 Genera, 24 speciesEXDaturastramonium L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wasteland, woodland, grassland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1176 (EA). Native distribution range: Texas to Central America, Caribbean.Discopodiumpenninervium Hochst. \u2013 Habit: Tree or small shrub. Habitat: Moorland, upper montane, woodland, 2100\u20133500 m. Vouchers: Wood 254 (EA), Katende & Lye 466 (EA), Tweedie 1103 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0212 . Native distribution range: Benin to Eritrea and Mozambique.EXPhysalisperuviana L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Cultivations, secondary bushland, forest, 900\u20132500 m. Vouchers: Lugard & Lugard 641 (EA), Tiyoy LM 1334 (MNHN). Native distribution range: Bolivia to W BrazilSolanumaculeastrum Dunal \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Upland forest, 2170\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ 238 (K), Cheseny, CM 21 (K), Tweedie J 696 (K), Mwangangi OM 461 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0104 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to South Sudan and S Africa.EXSolanumaculeatissimum Jacq. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Montane forest, 1425\u20132640 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 715 (K), Symes YE 521 (K), Hedberg, KO 280 (K). Native distribution range: SE & S Brazil to S Central Paraguay.Solanumanguivi Lam. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Cultivation, 1230\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ 291 (K), Mwangangi OM; Kariuki F 375 (K), Katende T; Sheil D 1150 (K), Holm \u00c5 91 (S), Hedberg O 279 (K), Synge PM1071 (NHMUK). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Solanumcampylacanthum Hochst. ex A.Rich. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Wooded grassland, grassland, roadsides, cultivation, 1000\u20132000 m. Vouchers: Padwa JH 6 (K), Lugard EJ 90 (K). Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa.EXSolanumcapsicoides All. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Forest, woodland, 1750\u20133000 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: S Tropical America.EXSolanumdasyphyllum Schumach. & Thonn. \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Forest, 2250\u20133150 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Solanumgiganteum Jacq. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Grassland, riverine, bamboo zone, thickets, secondary bushland, 800\u20132450 m. Vouchers: Dummer RA 3611 (K), Coll S 1664 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Solanumincanum L. \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, 15\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran to India.Solanumlanzae J.-P.Lebrun & Stork \u2013 Habit: Woody herb. Habitat: Bushland, thickets, 1200\u20132100 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1108(K). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Solanummauense Bitter \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Montane forest, 1650\u20132640 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 734 (K), Holm \u00c5 92 (S), Jack Mrs C 186 (K). Native distribution range: Kenya to Tanzania.EXSolanummauritianum Scop. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest paths and margins, river banks, 1150\u20132800 m. Voucher: Katende T; Sheil D 656 (K). Native distribution range: SE & S Brazil to Argentina (Buenos Aires).Solanummemphiticum J.F.Gmel. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Forest, bushlands, grassland, riverbanks, 950\u20132450 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1068 (K), 1586(K). Native distribution range: Jordan to Sinai, Eritrea to E Central & E Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Solanumnakurense C.H.Wright \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Evergreen upland bushland, 900\u20133050 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 889, (NHMUK), 889/a (S), Katende AB 3660 (MO), Hedberg O (UPS). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to E Tropical Africa.Solanumnigriviolaceum Bitter \u2013 Habit: Climbing subshrub. Habitat: Montane forest, 2130\u20132990 m. Vouchers: Major EJ; Lugard EJ 35 (K), Tweedie 850 (K), George Taylor 3722 (BM), Gerh Lindblom sn (S), Bridson DM 69 (BR), Bridson DM 89 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0102 . Native distribution range: Kenya.EXSolanumnigrum L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, woodland, grassland, shrubland, 0\u20133070 m. Vouchers: Synge PM 856 (NHMUK), Gerh Lindblom sn (S). Native distribution range: Eurasia, Macaronesia, N & NE Tropical Africa.EXSolanumpseudospinosum C.H.Wright \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane grassland, bushland, woodland, bamboo thickets, 2000\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Cyril Lugard EJ 492 (K), Symes YE 392 (K). Native distribution range: Bioko, W CameroonSolanumrunsoriense C.H.Wright \u2013 Habit: Shrub or liana, vine or herb. Habitat: Montane forest, 2400\u20133200 m. Vouchers: Sheil D 1813 (K), Synge PM 892 (BM), 1877 (BM), Tothill BH 2260 (K), Liebenberg LCC 1637 (K), Fishlock 43 (K), Samdy 14 (K), Samdy 14 (K). Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.Solanumtarderemotum Bitter \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Moist forest margins, 550\u20132950 m. Vouchers: Lugard EJ 209 (K), Wesche K 500 (K), Katende T; Sheil D 1099 (K), Tiyoy L 1209 (K), Tweedie 725 (K), 1480 (K) 1481 (K). Native distribution range: Cape Verde, Tropical & S Africa.Solanumterminale Forssk. \u2013 Habit: Shrub, vine or liana. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 714 (K), Snowden JD 889 (BR). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Arabian Peninsula.EXSolanumwendlandii Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Climber or liana. Habitat: Roadsides, montane forest, 1650\u20131800 m. Voucher: Padwa JH 42 (K). Native distribution range: Mexico to S Tropical AmericaWithaniasomnifera (L.) Dunal \u2013 Habit: Herb or shrub. Habitat: Bushlands, grassland, wooded grassland, forests, river-banks, 2780 m. Voucher: Andersen R 306 (S). Native distribution range: S Europe to Central China, Africa to Myanmar.2 Genera, 2 speciesHallerialucida L. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Undergrowth of montane forest and bushland, 900\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Dale 56 (EA), Bridson DM 71 (BR), Katende AB 3628 (MO), Bamps PRJ 6520 , Tweedie DR 893 (BR), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0016 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa, Yemen.Nuxiacongesta R.Br. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, upland rain forest, 1750\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1369 (EA), Bamps PRJ 6517 , Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0003 , Mulugeta Kebede 188 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.1 Genus, 3 speciesLasiosiphonglaucus Fresen. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Forest, open woodland, 2250\u20133048 m. Vouchers: Wesche K 972 (K), Mwangangi OM 456 (BR), Lavranos J & Newton 17790 (BR), Irwin PH 40 (BR), Taylor G 3456 (BR), Dale IR 681 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, S India, Sri Lanka.Lasiosiphonkraussianus (Meisn.) Hutch. & Dalziel \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, woodland, 1650\u20132650 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa.Lasiosiphonlampranthus (Gilg) \u2013 Habit: Shrub or tree. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Chater-Jack 41 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to NW Tanzania.1 Genus, 1 speciesChaetachmearistata Planch. \u2013 Habit: Tree. Habitat: Woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Madagascar.9 Genera, 11 speciesAustralinaflaccida (A.Rich.) Wedd. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Stream banks, forest, 2500\u20132650 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 2410, 2677, 3334 (EA). Native distribution range: Ethiopia to Kenya.Droguetiadebilis Rendle \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 1550\u20133090 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: E DR Congo to Kenya and N Tanzania.Droguetiainers (Forssk.) Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Bamboo forest, upland moist forest, 1600\u20133250 m. Vouchers: Mwangangi OM 406 (BR), Tweedie EM 3330 (K), Naiga 252 (K). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula, South Africa, Madagascar.Girardiniadiversifolia (Link) Friis \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet forest, 1200\u20132500 m. Voucher: Tweedie 2240 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical & Subtropical Old World.Laporteaalatipes Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper forest margin, bamboo thickets, 1400\u20133500 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Bioko, Cameroon to Ethiopia and S Africa.Parietariadebilis G.Forst. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upper forest margins, 2510\u20134200 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O 925 (EA), Taylor G 3541, 3699 (EA). Native distribution range: Old World.Pileajohnstonii Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, 1680\u20132910 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 3316 (K), 3332 (University of Alberta Museums), Snowden JD 945 (K). Native distribution range: SE Ethiopia to E Zimbabwe.Pilearivularis Wedd. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, 1485\u20133100 m. Voucher: Hedberg O (UPS). Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and S Africa, Comoros, Madagascar.Pouzolziaparasitica Schweinf. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane moist forest, grasssland, 900\u20132400 m. Voucher: Dawnskins 782 (EA). Native distribution range: Central America to Bolivia, Tropical & S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.Scepocarpushypselodendron (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) T.Well & A.K.Monro \u2013 Habit: Climbing shrub or liana. Habitat: Woodland, moist grassland, forest, upper forest edge, 1750\u20133150 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM 1557 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0227 . Native distribution range: Congo to Ethiopia and S Tropical Africa.Urticamassaica Mildbr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Montane forest, 2000\u20133400 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0269 . Native distribution range: E Central & E Tropical Africa.4 Genera, 8 speciesEXLantanatrifolia L. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or sub-shrubby herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Jackson THE 360 (EA), Stein W Bie (UPS), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0202 . Native distribution range: Mexico to Tropical America.Lantanaukambensis (Vatke) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Sub-shrubby herb. Habitat: Forest, wooded grassland, open woodland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1078 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Lippiaabyssinica (Otto & A.Dietr.) Cufod. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or subshrub. Habitat: Forest, grassland, woodland, 1950\u20132250 m. Voucher: Lugard 109 (EA). Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa to Angola.Lippiajavanica Spreng. \u2013 Habit: Shrub. Habitat: Rocky woodland, forest, plantations, 1300\u20132350 m. Vouchers: Chandler 1007 (EA), Wood 433 (EA), SCL 36 (EA), Padwa JH 5 (EA), Hedberg O 1059 (EA), Webster MVB 8964 (EA), Dummer RA 3736 . Native distribution range: Ethiopia to S Africa.Lippiawoodii Moldenke \u2013 Habit: Herb or subshrub. Habitat: Burnt grassland, open woodland, wet savanna, 1550\u20132280 m. Vouchers: Holm \u00c5 32 (S), Hedberg O (UPS). Native distribution range: South Sudan to South Africa.Privacurtisiae Kobuski \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, grassland, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa to Rwanda.EXVerbenabrasiliensis Vell. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Bushland, grassland, roadside, 1750\u20132350 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0201 . Native distribution range: Brazil to Chile.Verbenaofficinalis L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Grassland, bushland, woodland, 1500\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1529 (EA). Native distribution range: Old World to Australia1 Genus, 1 speciesSambucusafricana Standl. \u2013 Habit: Shrubby herb. Habitat: Bamboo zones, montane rain-forest tracks, forest floor, upland grassland, 1750\u20133370 m. Voucher: Major EJ; Lugard C 427 (K), Elliot GF 12, 177 (K), Snowden JD 908 (EA), Beentje HJ 1984 (EA), Hedberg O 173 (EA). Native distribution range: Madeira, NW Africa, Europe to S Turkmenistan.1 Genus, 2 speciesViolaabyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest, grassland, bushland, bamboo thickets, 1600\u20133740 m. Vouchers: Bridson D 63 (BR), Tweedie EM 1275, 815 (K), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0172 . Native distribution range: Nigeria to Ethiopia and South Africa, Madagascar.Violaeminii R.E.Fr. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Upland forest margin, grassland, moor, bamboo thickets, 2100\u20134050 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 1280 (K), Wesche K 1263 (EA), Granvik H 152 (S), Thorold CA 2760, 2740 (EA), Hedberg O 4556 (EA), Irwin PH 373 (EA), Bush RZ 242 (EA), Tweedie DR 5440 (EA), Bickford N 5 (EA), Dummer RA 3502 (UPS), Synge PM S 1883 (WAG), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0131 . Native distribution range: South Sudan to Burundi and Tanzania.5 Genera, 13 speciesAmpelocissusafricana (Lour.) Merr. \u2013 Habit: Liana. Habitat: Seasonal swampy grassland, woodland, riverine forest, 1800\u20132160 m. Voucher: Padwa JH 20 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa to Botswana.Cayratiagracilis (Guill. & Perr.) Suess. \u2013 Habit: Climber. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Tropical & S Africa, Yemen.Cissuspetiolata Hook.f. \u2013 Habit: Liana. Habitat: Forest edge, riverine forest, rocky grounds, 790\u20131770 m. Voucher: Padwa JH 37 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.Cyphostemmabambuseti (Gilg & M.Brandt) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. \u2013 Habit: Climber. Habitat: Forest, bamboo forest, 1800\u20132100 m. Vouchers: Jackson THE 384 (EA), Lugard 343 (EA). Native distribution range: South Sudan to N Zambia.Cyphostemmacyphopetalum (Fresen.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Bushlands, evergreen forest, 470\u20132450 m. Voucher: Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0086 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to Eritrea and Zambia.Cyphostemmacyphopetalumvar.nodiglandulosum (T.C.E.Fr.) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Wet savanna and woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Voucher: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF). Native distribution range: Kenya to N Tanzania.Cyphostemmaheterotrichum (Gilg & R.E.Fr.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Roadsides, forest, bushland, old cultivations, burnt grassland, 1600\u20132300 m. Voucher: Tweedie 1123 (EA). Native distribution range: Kenya to Zimbabwe.Cyphostemmajunceum (Webb) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Burnt grassland, swamp edge, bushland, 1650\u20132280 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 1050 (EA), Padwa JH 8 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropical Africa.EXCyphostemmajunceumsubsp.jatrophoides (Baker) Verdc. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: W Tropical Africa to Angola and Tanzania.Cyphostemmakilimandscharicum (Gilg) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. \u2013 Habit: Climber herb. Habitat: Miost forest, 1600\u20133040 m. Voucher: Hedberg O (UPS). Native distribution range: SW Ethiopia to Zimbabwe.Cyphostemmaserpens (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Desc. \u2013 Habit: Climbing herb. Habitat: Wet savanna, 1750\u20132250 m. Voucher: Tweedie, E.M 1122 (K). Native distribution range: NE & E Tropical Africa to Burundi.Cyphostemmaukerewense (Gilg) Desc. \u2013 Habit: Climbing or prostrate herb. Habitat: grassland, secondary forest, 1110\u20132520 m. Vouchers: Tweedie 3285 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0081 . Native distribution range: Cameroon to South Sudan and W Tanzania.Rhoicissustridentata (L.f.) Wild & R.B.Drumm \u2013 Habit: Shrub or treelet or woody climber. Habitat: Forest, grassland, thickets and scrub, forest edge, woodland, 1750\u20132700 m. Vouchers: Hedberg O (UPS), Lugard EJ 283 (EA), Rono et al. SAJIT-PR 0100 . Native distribution range: Eritrea to S Africa, SW Arabian Peninsula.1 Genus, 1 speciesXimeniaamericana L. \u2013 Habit: Shrub or small tree. Habitat: Forest, woodland, 1750\u20132400 m. Vouchers: Snowden JD 848 (EA), Lind EM 5212 (EA), Padwa JH 21 (EA). Native distribution range: Tropics & Subtropics.1 Genus, 1 speciesTribulusterrestris L. \u2013 Habit: Herb. Habitat: Forest, paths, wet savanna, 10\u20132300 m. Vouchers: Tweedie EM (1976) (REF), Agnew ADQ (2013) (REF). Native distribution range: Old World."}
{"text": "Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is an important cause of acute respiratory illness in children; however, scarce data have been reported on the clinical significance of PIV co-detection with other viruses.Between 12/01/2016 and 03/31/2020, we conducted active surveillance for children who presented to the emergency department or were hospitalized with fever or respiratory symptoms at seven U.S. medical centers within NVSN. Demographic and clinical data were collected through parent/guardian interviews and chart abstraction. Nasal and/or throat swabs were tested for PIV types 1\u20134; respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); rhinovirus or enterovirus (RV/EV); adenovirus (AdV); common cold coronaviruses (ccCoV) 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43; SARS-CoV-2; influenza (Flu) A, B, and C; and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). We used a generalized linear mixed-effects model with a logit link to compare the odds of hospitalization between children < 2 years old with PIV-only detection and those with PIV co-detection. Our analysis included age, underlying conditions, and preterm birth as fixed effects and study site as a random effect.Table 1.Comparison of the demographic and clinical characteristics of children with PIV-only detection and those with respiratory virus co-detection, NVSN, 2016\u20132020.Figure 1.Relative frequencies of respiratory viruses co-detected with PIV in U.S. children <2 years old, stratified by highest* level of care received, NVSN, 2016\u20132020. Abbreviations: PIV, parainfluenza virus; RV/EV, rhinovirus or enterovirus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; AdV, adenovirus; ccCoV, common cold coronaviruses; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; Flu, influenza.Table 1. Notably, children with PIV co-detection were more likely to attend daycare, preschool, or school. Compared with PIV-only detection, the odds of hospitalization were higher for PIV/RSV  and PIV/Flu , lower for PIV/AdV, and comparable for the remaining pairs including PIV/RV/EV, the most common co-detection.Of 17,850 children tested for PIV, 1,641 (9.2%) were positive: 1,116 (68.0%) with PIV-only detection and 525 (32.0%) with PIV co-detected with at least one other virus. The demographic and clinical characteristics of children with single PIV detection and those with co-detection are compared in Table 2.Multivariable logistic regression model of hospitalization in U.S. children with PIV-only detection and those with PIV co-detection with one other respiratory virus, NVSN, 2016\u20132020.The association between PIV co-detection and odds of hospitalization was virus-specific for children < 2 years old. Further investigation is warranted to determine if these findings are driven by RSV and influenza's impact on illness severity or if they are indicative of a potential virus\u2013virus interaction that exacerbates PIV disease.Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant John V. Williams, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidel: Board Member Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Grant/Research Support Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, MD, MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Up-To-Date: Honoraria Pedro A. Piedra, MD, Ark Bioscience: Advisor/Consultant|Ark Bioscience: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Icosavax: Advisor/Consultant|Icosavax: Grant/Research Support|Mapp Biologics: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi-Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck & Co: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Correction to: Pediatric Cardiology (2022) 44:312\u2013324 10.1007/s00246-022-03074-wIn the original publication of the article, only family names were mentioned.The authors\u2019 full names are:Raphael Joye, Maurice Beghetti, Julie Wacker, Iliona Malaspinas, Maya Bouhabib, Angelo Polito, Alice Bordessoule & Dipen C. Shah.This has been corrected in this paper."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Sheikh Shoib. The correct citation is: Swed S, Shoib S, Fathy Hassan NAI, Almoshantaf MB, Alkadi SMS, AbdelQadir YH, et al. (2022) Stigmatizing attitudes towards depression among university students in Syria. PloS ONE, 17(9), e0273483. haidara.bohsas@gmail.com) Hidar Alibrahim  Shahm alsakka  Mhd Noor Tahawi  Mulham Al-Zahran  Joudi Anadani  Nader Ebrahim The data collection group is missing from the Acknowledgments section. The Acknowledgments should list the following individuals from the data collection group: Haidara Bohsas (Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria;"}
{"text": "Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 , known as riffle bugs, includes more than 400 species and is commonly found in tropical lotic environments, including coastal marine habitats, such as mangroves and estuaries. Due to the elevated number of species, the fauna from the Americas has been divided into several groups, which facilitates taxonomic studies. Amongst them, the itatiana group currently includes two species from the Greater Antilles and five from south-eastern and southern Brazil. Despite the many taxonomic studies developed during the past few decades, new species of Rhagovelia are still being discovered in several areas of the continent, including the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil.Rhagoveliabispoi sp. n. is described, illustrated and compared with similar congeners. The new species belongs to the itatiaiana group and can be diagnosed by the uniformly black mesonotum, the presence of a tuft of setae medially on male abdominal sternum VII, the armature of the male hind femur and the distinctive shape of the paramere. In addition, we present new records of R.trepida Bacon, 1948 from the States of Paran\u00e1 and Santa Catarina and a key to the species of the itatiaiana group recorded from Brazil. Veliidae  is a worldwide distributed group of semi-aquatic bugs that is especially rich in the Neotropics , containing almost 200 described American species and being commonly found in lotic environments, sometimes in groups of hundreds of individuals  and five complexes (monophyletic)  . Althougn convex .abrupta grade, namely cali, itatiaiana, lucida, secluda and torquata. Amongst them, the itatiaiana group is recognised by the general blackish colouration with distinctively contrasting orange markings on the pronotum and abdominal laterotergites; the forewing with four closed cells, of which the distalmost two extend into the distal half of the wing , while the other five are restricted to south-eastern and southern Brazil ; Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Aqu\u00e1tica, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho, Assis, Brazil (LABIA); Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP); and National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA (NMNH). Methods and terminology follow the standards set in the latest revision of the genus  and subsDigital photographs of the specimens deposited in the CEIOC were obtained using a Leica M205 C stereomicroscope coupled with a Leica DFC450 C digital camera, using the software Leica LAS 4.8.0 for capturing and stacking images. Specimens deposited in the NMNH were photographed with a Cannon EOS 5D digital camera and combined into multi-focal images using Visionary Digital Software. Maps were produced using the software Qgis 2.6.1.CAAFC51C-818B-5DBD-B141-916E801FBA02090D3712-A5EB-4E20-A8A9-035805C091CEType status:Holotype. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: apterous male; occurrenceID: 74FA7FE9-7843-5F2B-AB9A-B0CD6C8FB338; Taxon: scientificNameID: Rhagoveliabispoi; order: Hemiptera; family: Veliidae; Location: continent: South America; country: Brazil; stateProvince: S\u00e3o Paulo; municipality: Iporanga; locality: Parque Estadual Intervales, Riacho Roda D\u2019\u00c1gua; decimalLatitude: -24.2714; decimalLongitude: -48.4222; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: verbatimEventDate: 14.XII.2014; eventRemarks: P.C. Bispo leg.; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; collectionCode: CEIOC 82833; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 18; sex: 7 apterous males, 11 apterous females; occurrenceID: DEBD6A2D-8E0E-54AF-852E-FDCE4CE6459C; Taxon: scientificNameID: Rhagoveliabispoi; order: Hemiptera; family: Veliidae; Location: continent: South America; country: Brazil; stateProvince: S\u00e3o Paulo; municipality: Iporanga; locality: Parque Estadual Intervales, Riacho Roda D\u2019\u00c1gua; decimalLatitude: -24.2714; decimalLongitude: -48.4222; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: verbatimEventDate: 14.XII.2014; eventRemarks: P.C. Bispo leg.; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; collectionCode: CEIOC 82834; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenMeasurements. See Table Apterous male (Figs 34ale Figs , 3a, 4b.e Figs 34a, c. MesHead short, velvety, with a few long setae anteriorly and adjacent to mesal eye margin. Antennae covered by short brown setae; antennomeres I\u2013II also with a few thicker, longer setae. Antennomeres I\u2013III cylindrical; I curved laterally; IV fusiform. Labium wide, reaching base of mesosternum. Jugum and adjacent portion of proepisternum without black denticles. Pro-, meso- and metanota densely covered by short setae, with longer setae laterally. Pronotum longer than dorsal eye length, shorter than three times exposed portion of mesonotum, with posterior margin convex. Pro-, meso- and metapleura with a few long setae. Legs covered by brown setae, more densely on trochanters, femora and tibiae; femora and tibiae also with rows of longer, thicker, black setae. Fore tibia slightly widened distally, weakly concave near apex. Trochanters without spines. Hind femur with row of 10\u201311 short spines on proximal third, the last one sometimes slightly longer than the others; distal 2/3 with two parallel rows of spines, dorsalmost row with 11\u201312 spines, the first and tenth or eleventh larger than the others, ventralmost row with 5 short spines (Figs 13114Apterous female (Fig. ale Fig. . Similarale Fig. , with smale Fig. a, b. Hinale Fig. a, b. Abdale Fig. a. Abdomiale Fig. b.Variation. Fore tibia, hind femur and hind tibia less robust in some males (Table es Table . Concaviitatiaiana group, Rhagoveliabispoi sp. n. is more similar to R.itaiaiana Drake, 1953, R.macta Drake & Carvalho, 1955 and R.trepida Bacon, 1948, with which it shares the presence of a medial tuft of setae on the anterior portion of male abdominal sternum VII. However, males of the new species have the main row of spines on the hind femur with two large spines separated by nine or ten smaller spines (Figs 13R.itatiaiana and R.trepida, the row consists of a large spine followed by spines gradually decreasing in length towards the apex (as in Fig. 3R.macta; however, they can be distinguished by the mesonotum entirely black in the former (Fig. 154Within the The new species is named in honour of Dr. Pit\u00e1goras da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Bispo, who collected the specimens and also advised CFBF during her doctoral studies.Bacon, 1948F538DD43-B582-5A4B-8638-CE446312800AType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 13; sex: 5 apterous males, 8 apterous females; occurrenceID: BBB1BEF9-3300-5CBC-9427-DF9ED2759C9E; Taxon: order: Hemiptera; family: Veliidae; Location: continent: South America; country: Brazil; stateProvince: Paran\u00e1; municipality: Balsa Nova / Palmeira; locality: Rio das Pombas, BR-376; decimalLatitude: -25.44; decimalLongitude: -49.79; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: verbatimEventDate: IV-2017; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; collectionCode: LABIA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 10; sex: 6 apterous males, 4 apterous females; occurrenceID: 37C85CD3-712B-5EC0-B380-3613CE195459; Taxon: order: Hemiptera; family: Veliidae; Location: continent: South America; country: Brazil; stateProvince: Santa Catarina; municipality: Blumenau; locality: Parque Nacional da Serra de Itaja\u00ed, Parque das Nascentes, stream near Lagoa Negra; decimalLatitude: -27.058; decimalLongitude: -49.089; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: verbatimEventDate: IV-2017; eventRemarks: P.C. Bispo leg.; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; collectionCode: LABIA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 12; sex: 5 apterous males, 7 apterous females; occurrenceID: B21C9802-44CE-5A56-84F6-BAD4235E880A; Taxon: order: Hemiptera; family: Veliidae; Location: continent: South America; country: Brazil; stateProvince: Santa Catarina; municipality: Rio Negrinho; locality: Rio dos Bugres; decimalLatitude: -26.3722; decimalLongitude: -49.5200; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Event: verbatimEventDate: 31.III.2020; eventRemarks: T. Polizei leg.; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; collectionCode: MZUSP; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenThis species is endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and is distributed from the coastal areas of the States of Rio de Janeiro and S\u00e3o Paulo to the northern portion of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. It has been seldom collected and reported in only three previous studies . Above, 6"}
{"text": "Atkinsoniella Distant, 1908 includes 99 valid species worldwide. Here, three new species from China are described and illustrated: Atkinsoniellastenopyga, A.wangi, and A.yingjiangensisspp. nov. An updated checklist of the known Atkinsoniella species worldwide based on the data of previous literature and studied materials is also provided. All the type specimens of three new species are deposited at the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.The sharpshooter genus  Atkinsoniella is a relatively large genus of the subfamily Cicadellinae. It was established by A.decisa (type species) and A.maculata. Atkinsoniella, proposed 15 new combinations and 13 synonyms, described 10 new species, and confirmed 26 valid species of this genus. Thereafter, new species were described successively.The genus Atkinsoniella species from China, including 33 new species, two Chinese new records, 12 new synonyms, and proposed Curvufacies Kuoh, 1993 as a new synonym of Atkinsoniella. Subsequently, 2 new species from China and Pakistan were described  and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (Yunnan Province) of China are provided. The checklist of all known Atkinsoniella species worldwide and the three new species is updated.To date, 99 valid species were described worldwide, of which 89 species occurred in China, and a few were scattered in Bay of Bengal, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Kingdom of Bhutan, Laos, Malay Islands, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam . In thisGUGC).The specimens were collected by sweeping (27\u201335 sweeps per collecting event) on shrubs and weeds using 2.5 m insect sweep nets on day-light and off-set sun by using a 500W high-pressure mercury lamps; all materials were preserved in absolute ethanol and stored at -20 \u00b0C in the laboratory. The abdomens of specimens were detached and soaked in 10% NaOH solution, boiled for 1\u20133 min, rinsed with water to remove traces of NaOH, and transferred to glycerol for further dissection, photography and preservation. The habitus and male genitalia were photographed using a KEYENCE VHX-6000 digital camera and a Nikon Eclipse Ni-E microscope, respectively. Adobe Photoshop 2020 was used to edit compiled photos. The length of the body was measured from the vertex to the rear of the forewings using a KEYENCE VHX-6000 digital camera. The morphological terminology is adapted from Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraCicadellidae\ufeffDistant, 19083E2E5085-7F3F-59E9-B2C3-D12DAF74212FAtkinsoniella Distant, 1908: 235.Soibanga Distant, 1908: 236.Curvufacies Kuoh, 1993: 38.Atkinsonielladecisa Distant, 1908.Palaearctic, Oriental.Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraCicadellidae\ufeffJiang & Yangsp. nov.899B50EA-1F85-58FD-BB79-849F315A9FF1https://zoobank.org/325305A3-840F-480C-B5CF-1F5FC86957C5Crown and thorax canary yellow and greyish white in dorsal view; a small subcircular black spot at apex of head and basal margin medially, and interocular width 2\u00d7 wider than long; eyes fuscus; ocelli greyish white with narrow black border; forewing light orange; face off-white, frontoclypeus median with a broad yellowish white longitudinal; thorax and abdomen yellowish white in ventral view; legs orangish with pretarsi black or dark brown.Anterior margin of crown broadly rounded and convex, and median length of crown shorter than interocular width. Ocelli nearest to midline and posterior margin than eyes, lateral area concave, each ocellus further from the other than to the adjacent eye. Face with frontoclypeus flat medially; muscle impressions distinct and extend to the tip of crown; clypeal sulcus blurred in the median; anteclypeus longitudinally gibbous. Pronotum wider than head, anterior margin arcuately convex, posterior margin with medially concave. Scutellum with medial transverse depression. Forewings with distinct apical membranous area, base of second cells more proximal than third cells transversely.Male pygofer narrowly rounded posteriorly and convex dorsally, posterior half long scoop-shaped with macrosetae; pygofer processes slender and strongly sclerosed, base broad with microsetae; bending dorsad from basal one-third and then extending straightly, tip acute and exceeding dorsal margin posteriorly of pygofer. Subgenital plates in ventral view convex and short with one row of macrosetae uniseriate obliquely, long dense mid microsetae, and posterior half with long and short microsetae dispersedly with apex rounded. Aedeagus stubby and straight, with posterior margin truncate and dorsal margin concave subbasally, one protuberance at base ventrally articulating with paraphysis, and concave at the articulation with paraphysis apically; paraphysis long and thick, apical portion intumescent, apex bifurcated and articulating with aedeagus. Connective Y-shaped; style slender, with tip tapered and curved.stenopyga, referring a narrow pygofer shape.The specific epithet is the combined noun of stenos and tail from Greek, Length of male 7.8\u20138.0 mm.Holotype: \u2642, Motuo, Tibet, China, 18 August 2020, coll. Xian-Yi Wang. Paratype, 1\u2642, same data as holotype.A.thaloidea Young, 1986, A.flavipenna Li & Wang, 1992, A.uniguttata Li, 1993, and A.bowa Yang, Meng & Li, 2017 in appearance, but can be easily differentiated from these species by the following characteristics: (1) pygofer slender; (2) aedeagus stubby with posterior margin truncate; and (3) two pointed dentate protrusions at the apex of the paraphysis incurved dorsally and embracing.This species is similar to China (Tibet).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraCicadellidae\ufeffJiang & Yangsp. nov.15EA130B-EC1B-5D7C-94B7-F133A2B19756https://zoobank.org/89195CDF-6EDC-4BF0-AEDB-A7508F9A9795Crown, thorax and forewings orange in dorsal view; crown with a black spot at anterior margin medially and a smaller black spot at posterior margin medially; eyes off-white or dark brown; ocelli off-white with black border; forewings orange, with apical membranous area darker; face, thorax and abdomen in ventral view, legs orange.Crown with anterior margin rounded prominently, and interocular width 2\u00d7 wider than long. Ocelli nearest to midline and posterior margin than eyes, lateral area concave, each ocellus slightly further from the other one than to the adjacent eye. Face with a nodular protrusion in the center, frontoclypeus flat medially, muscle impressions distinct and extending to the tip of crown, clypeal sulcus distinct medially. Pronotum broader than head, anterior margin protruding roundly, posterior margin with medially concave. Scutellum convex anterior and posterior to transverse depression, with transverse depression arcuate, a large black spot near each basal angle in some specimens. Forewings with four apical cells, the base of the second cells more basal than third cells transversely, apical membranous area distinct.Male pygofer slender, posterior portion tilted dorsad and posterior margin round, posterior half with macrosetae; pygofer process lamellate, base with several macrosetae, bending dorsad from basal one-third, posterior one-third portion lamellate broadly and tortile backward and apex acute. Subgenital plates broad at base, posterior half narrow and bent dorsally, one row of macrosetae uniseriate obliquely in the median, lateral area with long dense microsetae, apical half with short microsetae dispersedly. Aedeagus broad at base, posterior half constricted and tilted dorsad, tip swordlike, ventral margin protuberant at the articulation with the tip of paraphysis and concave subbasally; paraphysis dilated apically and constricted subapically, apex bifurcated and articulating with aedeagus. Connective V-shaped. Style wide at base and tapered at tip, apex acute.The new species is named after the family name of collector Xian-Yi Wang.Length of male 7.9\u20138.0 mm.Holotype: \u2642, Tongmai, Tibet, China, 18 August 2020, coll. Xian-Yi Wang. Paratypes, 1\u2642 (light trapped) +11\u2642\u2642, same data as holotype; 1\u2642, Tongmai, Tibet, China, 19 August 2020, light trapped, coll. Xian-Yi Wang.A.curvata Zhang & Kuoh in appearance and male genitalia, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: (1) crown with a black spot in the median of the anterior margin, and the smaller black spot at the basal margin medially narrower than the width between the ocelli, but the latter only with a large V-shaped black spot below the ocelli; (2) pygofer of the new species slender overall, with posterior margin rounded, while pygofer of the latter slender at apical one-third, with the posterior margin truncate; (3) aedeagus of the new species tilted dorsally at the posterior half, while aedeagus of the latter straight overall; and (4) connective of the new species V-shaped, but connective of the latter Y-shaped.This species is similar to China (Tibet).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraCicadellidae\ufeffJiang & Yangsp. nov.C2F1BBF5-AAE6-5C59-9787-451AE04E75A4https://zoobank.org/6FD2EA20-B2DA-442B-B50E-A35F91051243Head and thorax dark orange in dorsal view; crown with a black spot at the anterior margin medially, basal margin with a black spot below each ocellus, and lateral margin with a black spot anterior to each antennal ledge; eyes dark brown; ocelli gray; pronotum with two small black spots abreast in the center, and posterior area with two large black spots transversely; scutellum with a large triangular black spot at each basal, and the base of the two spots linked; forewings black, with three longitudinal grayish white stripes, apical membranous area dark brown; face dark orange; thorax black in ventral view; legs grayish white.Crown with anterior margin convex roundly, median length of crown approximately equal to half of interocular width, concave lateral area of ocelli. Ocelli located at the line of anterior eyes, each ocellus slightly further from the other one than to the adjacent eye. Face with frontoclypeus flat in the median, muscle impressions and clypeal sulcus distinct. Pronotum wider than head, anterior margin convex roundly and posterior margin concave. Scutellum with transverse depression slightly posterior to the median. Forewings with apical membranous area not obvious, base of the second and third cells almost aligned transversely.Male pygofer narrowly rounded posteriorly, tip oblique dorsally, dorsal margin with lamellar prominence at basal one-third, with macrosetae in posterior half and microsetae in the median dispersedly; pygofer processes with microsetae at base, arising basiventrally on each side and extending dorsolateral posteriorly of pygofer, apex acute and exceeding posterior margin of pygofer. Subgenital plates broad at base and constrictive at tip, with one row of macrosetae uniseriate obliquely, long microsetae on lateral area, short microsetae on posterior half. Aedeagus slender, bent dorsally at tip and curved ventral, ventral margin with a horned protuberance basically articulating with paraphysis; paraphysis wide subapically, with two lamellate bulges at tip, apex uncinate and articulating with aedeagus. Connective Y-shaped. Style narrow at posterior portion, apex curved and exceeding the tip of connective.The name of the new species is derived from Yingjiang where the type specimens were collected.Length of male 8.0\u20138.1 mm.Holotype: \u2642, Yingjiang, Yunnan, China, 25 June 2019, coll. Tie-Long Xu. Paratypes, 2\u2642\u2642, same data as holotype.A.limba Kuoh, 1991 in male genitalia, but markedly differ in the following characteristics: (1) pronotum with two small black spots abreast in the center and two large black spots transversely at posterior area; (2) apex of the pygofer process exceeding the posterior margin of the pygofer; (3) aedeagus concave obviously at the ventral margin basally; and (4) paraphysis inflated subapically and posterior margin \u039b-shaped in ventral view.This species is similar to China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellaalbimacula Yang & Li, 2002Atkinsoniellaalbimacula Yang & Li, 2002a: 556.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellaalbipenna Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellaalbipenna Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 219.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellaalcmena Tettigoniellaalcmena Distant, 1908: 219.Atkinsoniellaalcmena (Distant): Young, 1986: 96.Distribution. China (Tibet), India.Atkinsoniellaalternata Young, 1986Atkinsoniellaalternata Young, 1986: 100.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellaangula Kuoh, 1992Atkinsoniellaangula Kuoh, 1992: 126.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellaanabella Young, 1986Atkinsoniellaanabella Young, 1986: 107.Distribution. Bhutan, India, Nepal.Atkinsoniellaatrata Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellaatrata Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 207.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellaatronotata Kollaatronotata Distant, 1918: 10.Atkinsoniellaatronotata (Distant): Young, 1986: 96.Distribution. India.Atkinsoniellaaurantiaca Cai & Kuoh, 1995Atkinsoniellaaurantiaca Cai & Kuoh, 1995: 89.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellabeaka Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellabeaka Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 218.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellabella Tettigoniabella Walker, 1851: 778.Atkinsoniellabella : Young, 1986: 96.Distribution. India, Nepal.Atkinsoniellabiundulata Meng, Yang & Ni, 2010Atkinsoniellabiundulata Meng, Yang & Ni, 2010: 42.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellabowa Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellabowa Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 206.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellabrevistyla Yang & Li, 2004Atkinsoniellabrevistyla Yang & Li, 2004: 757.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellachangae Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellachangae Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 240.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellacontrariuscula Cicadellacontrariuscula Jacobi, 1944: 44.Atkinsoniellacontrariuscula (Jacobi): Young, 1986: 97.Atkinsoniellafurcata Zhang & Kuoh, 1993: 15.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellacurvata Zhang & Kuoh, 1993Atkinsoniellacurvata Zhang & Kuoh, 1993: 13.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellacuspidata Meng, Yang & Ni, 2010Atkinsoniellacuspidata Meng, Yang & Ni, 2010: 45.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellacyclops Tettigoniellacyclops Melichar, 1914: 127.Atkinsoniellacyclops (Melichar): Young, 1986: 97.Distribution. China , Indonesia, Nepal.Atkinsonielladactylia Yang & Li, 2000Atkinsonielladactylia Yang & Li, 2000: 410.Atkinsoniellatrinotata Cai & He, 2002: 147.Distribution. China .Atkinsonielladecisa Distant, 1908Atkinsonielladecisa Distant, 1908: 236.Distribution. India.Atkinsonielladivaricata Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsonielladivaricata Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 205.Distribution. China .Atkinsonielladormana Li, 1992Atkinsonielladormana Li, 1992: 345.Distribution. China .Atkinsonielladubia Young, 1986Atkinsonielladubia Young, 1986: 104.Distribution. China (Tibet), Bhutan.Atkinsonielladuna Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsonielladuna Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 236.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellaexpanda Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellaexpanda Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 214.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellafishtaila Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellafishtaila Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 221.Distribution. China (Hubei).Atkinsoniellafistular Naveed & Zhang, 2018Atkinsoniellafistular Naveed & Zhang, 2018: 286.Distribution. Pakistan.Atkinsoniellaflavilega Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellaflavilega Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 242.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellaflavipenna Li & Wang, 1992Atkinsoniellaflavipenna Li & Wang, 1992: 95.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellaflexa Kuoh, 1992Atkinsoniellaflexa Kuoh, 1992: 127.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellafuripygofera Yang & Meng, 2011Atkinsoniellafuripygofera Yang & Meng in Yang, Meng & Li, 2011: 765.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellafuscopenna Yang & Li, 2004Atkinsoniellafuscopenna Yang & Li, 2004: 756.Distribution. China (Tibet).Atkinsoniellagoosenecka Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellagoosenecka Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 222.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellagrahami Young, 1986Atkinsoniellagrahami Young, 1986: 105.Atkinsoniellanigroscuta Zhang & Kuoh, 1993: 11.Atkinsoniellafurcula Yang & Li, 2002b: 40.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellagregalis Kollagregalis Distant, 1908: 226.Atkinsoniellagregalis (Distant): Young, 1986: 97.Distribution. India, Myanmar.Atkinsoniellaguttata Kuoh, 1992Atkinsoniellaguttata Kuoh, 1992: 125.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellaheae Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellaheae Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 238.Distribution. China (Tibet).Atkinsoniellaheiyuana Li, 1992Atkinsoniellaheiyuana Li, 1992: 348.Atkinsoniellarubra Kuoh & Cai in Cai & Kuoh, 1994: 14.Distribution. China , Vietnam.Atkinsoniellahuangi Yang & Zhang, 2000Atkinsoniellahuangi Yang & Zhang, 2000: 187.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellahupehna Young, 1986Atkinsoniellahupehna Young, 1986: 118.Atkinsoniellaobliqua Zhang & Kuoh, 1993: 14.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellainsignata Tettigoniatrilineata Melichar, 1902: 132.Tettigoniellatrilineatainsignata Haupt, 1924: 306.Tettigellachinensis Metcalf, 1955: 264.Atkinsoniellainsignata (Haupt): Young, 1986: 97.Atkinsoniellalonginotata Kuoh, 1992: 124.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellajavana Kollajavana Melichar, 1914: 124.Atkinsoniellajavana (Melichar): Young, 1986: 97.Distribution. Indonesia.Atkinsoniellajini Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellajini Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 199.Distribution. China (Tibet).Atkinsoniellalatior Young, 1986Atkinsoniellalatior Young, 1986: 113.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellalii Yang & Zhang, 2000Atkinsoniellalii Yang & Zhang, 2000: 186.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellalimba Kuoh, 1991Atkinsoniellalimba Kuoh, 1991: 20.Distribution. China (Fujian).Atkinsoniellaliui Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellaliui Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 241.Distribution. China (Tibet).Atkinsoniellalonga Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellalonga Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 212.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellalongiaurita Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellalongiaurita Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 202.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellalongiuscula Feng & Zhang, 2015Atkinsoniellalongiuscula Feng & Zhang, 2015: 281.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellamalaisei Young, 1986Atkinsoniellamalaisei Young, 1986: 102.Distribution. China (Yunnan), Myanmar.Atkinsoniellamediofasciola Yang & Li, 2002Atkinsoniellamediofasciola Yang & Li, 2002b: 40.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellamembrana Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellamembrana Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 213.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellamotuoensis Meng, Yang & Ni, 2010Atkinsoniellamotuoensis Meng, Yang & Ni, 2010: 47.Distribution. China (Tibet).Atkinsoniellamultiseta Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellamultiseta Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 226.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellamungphuensis Kollamungphuensis Distant, 1908: 225.Atkinsoniellamungphuensis (Distant): Young, 1986: 97.Distribution. India, Myanmar.Atkinsoniellastenopyga Jiang & Yang, sp. nov.Distribution. China (Tibet).Atkinsoniellanigra Kuoh & Cai, 1994Atkinsoniellanigra Kuoh & Cai in Cai & Kuoh, 1994: 13.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellanigricephala Li, 1992Atkinsoniellanigricephala Li, 1992: 349.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellanigridorsum Kuoh & Zhuo, 1996Atkinsoniellanigridorsum Kuoh & Zhuo, 1996: 2.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellanigripennis Yang & Li, 1999Atkinsoniellanigripennis Yang & Li, 1999: 2.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellanigriscens Yang & Li, 2004Atkinsoniellanigriscens Yang & Li, 2004: 756.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellanigrisigna Li, 1992Atkinsoniellanigrisigna Li, 1992: 344.Atkinsoniellachloritta Yang & Li, 2002a: 558.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellanigrita Zhang & Kuoh, 1993Atkinsoniellanigrita Zhang & Kuoh, 1993: 12.Atkinsoniellabimanculata Cai & Shen, 1998: 43.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellanigrominiatula Cicadellanigrominiatula Jacobi, 1944: 44.Atkinsoniellanigrominiatula (Jacobi): Young, 1986: 97.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellanigrosteaka Li & Wang, 1994Atkinsoniellanigrosteaka Li & Wang, 1994: 27.Distribution. China (Tibet).Atkinsoniellaopponens Tettigoniaopponens Walker, 1851: 757.Tettigoniellabellona Distant, 1908: 212.Tettigoniellamarpessa Distant, 1908: 215.Kollacanidia Distant, 1908: 226.Kollamaculifrons Schmidt, 1911: 295.Kollamaculifronssimilis Schmidt, 1911: 296.Kollatrimaculata Schmidt, 1911: 297.Tettigoniellacuprea Melichar, 1914: 128.Kollatigrina Distant, 1918: 9.Kollamelichari China, 1935: 305.Atkinsoniellaopponens : Young, 1986: 97.Atkinsoniellatriguttata Zhang & Kuoh, 1993: 9.Distribution. China , India, Indonesia, Laos, Malay Islands, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.Atkinsoniellapeaka Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellapeaka Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 237.Distribution. China (Jiangxi).Atkinsoniellapunica Yang & Li, 2002Atkinsoniellapunica Yang & Li, 2002a: 556.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellarecta Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellarecta Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 209.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellarectangulata Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellarectangulata Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 210.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellarhomboida Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellarhomboida Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 216.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellarinkihonis Tettigoniarinkihonis Matsumura, 1912: 36.Atkinsoniellarinkihonis (Matsumura): Young, 1986: 97.Curvufaciessordidula Kuoh, 1993: 39.Atkinsoniellatylata Yang & Li, 1999: 1.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellarubrostriata Kuoh, 1992Atkinsoniellarubrostriata Kuoh, 1992: 123.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellarufistigma Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellarufistigma Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 233.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellasteelei Young, 1986Atkinsoniellasteelei Young, 1986: 109.Distribution. India.Atkinsoniellasulphurata Tettigoniellasulphurata Distant, 1908: 216.Atkinsoniellamaculata Distant, 1908: 236.Bhandaratetraspila Jacobi, 1944: 41.Atkinsoniellasulphurata (Distant): Young, 1986: 97.Atkinsoniellatetramaculata Zhang & Kuoh, 1993: 7.Atkinsoniellastigma Zhang & Kuoh, 1993: 8.Distribution. China , India, Indonesia, Myanmar.Atkinsoniellathalia Tettigoniellathalia Distant, 1918: 2.Atkinsoniellathalia (Distant): Young, 1986: 97.Atkinsoniellarubrivenosa Kuoh & Zhuo, 1996: 3.Distribution. China , Bay of Bengal, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand.Atkinsoniellathaloidea Young, 1986Atkinsoniellathaloidea Young, 1986: 117.Distribution. China , Myanmar.Atkinsoniellatiani Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellatiani Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 230.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellatransifasciata Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellatransifasciata Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 215.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellatridentata Yang & Li, 2011Atkinsoniellatridentata Yang & Li in Yang, Meng & Li, 2011: 766.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellatripunctata Dmitriev, 2020Atkinsoniellatrimaculata Li, 1992: 347.= Atkinsoniellatripunctata Dmitriev, 2020: 7.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellatuberostyla Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellatuberostyla Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 225.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellauniguttata Li, 1993Atkinsoniellauniguttata Li, 1993: 40.Atkinsoniellavalida Feng & Zhang, 2015: 283.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellavariata Young, 1986Atkinsoniellavariata Young, 1986: 110.Distribution. China , Nepal.Atkinsoniellavesta Kollavesta Distant, 1908: 224.Atkinsoniellavesta (Distant): Young, 1986: 97.Distribution. India, Pakistan.Atkinsoniellawangi Jiang & Yang, sp. nov.Distribution. China (Tibet).Atkinsoniellawarpa Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellawarpa Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 203.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellawui Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellawui Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 200.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellaxanthoabdomena Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellaxanthoabdomena Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 232.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellaxanthonota Kuoh, 1994Atkinsoniellaxanthonota Kuoh in Cai & Kuoh, 1994: 12.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellaxanthovena Yang & Li, 2002Atkinsoniellaxanthovena Yang & Li, 2002c: 176.Distribution. China .Atkinsoniellaxanthovitta Kuoh, 1994Atkinsoniellaxanthovitta Kuoh in Cai & Kuoh, 1994: 11.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellaxinfengi Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellaxinfengi Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 223.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellayani Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellayani Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 235.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellayingjiangensis Jiang & Yang, sp. nov.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellayunnanana Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellayunnanana Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 229.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellazaihuai Yang & Meng, 2011Atkinsoniellazaihuai Yang & Meng in Yang, Meng & Li, 2011: 766.Distribution. China (Yunnan).Atkinsoniellazhangmuensis Yang, Meng & Li, 2017Atkinsoniellazhangmuensis Yang, Meng & Li, 2017: 227.Distribution. China (Tibet).Atkinsoniellazizhongi Jiang & Yang, 2022Atkinsoniellazizhongi Jiang & Yang in Jiang, Li, Yu & Yang, 2022: 5Distribution. China ."}
{"text": "The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the potential pathogenicity of betacoronaviruses. This elucidates the need to further investigate human coronaviruses (HCoV), which includes both alpha and betacoronaviruses, to better understand their seasonality and severity among children.The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) enrolled children at 7 pediatric medical centers in the United States seen at the emergency department (ED) or hospitalized with acute respiratory infection (ARI), during 12/1/2016\u20139/28/2020. Respiratory specimens were collected and tested using real-time reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction assays. The frequency of seasonal HCoV  detections was measured and symptoms were reported by parent interview. Descriptive statistics were performed to compare HCoV-positive inpatients to those seen in the ED. SARS-CoV-2 infections were excluded.Of 34,455 children enrolled, 925 (2.7%) were positive for HCoV, of which 398 (43%) were inpatients and (57%) were ED patients (Table). 346 detections (37.4%) were HCoV-OC43, 298 (32.3%) HCoV-NL63, 186 (20.2%) HCoV-HKU1, and 107 (11.6%) HCoV-229E. More than one coronavirus was detected in 12 children (1.3%). HCoV were primarily detected between October and April of each season; 1 to 2 types dominated each year but not consecutively . Among HCoV-positive children, 527 (57.0%) received their highest level of care in the ED while 398 (43.0%) were hospitalized. HCoV-229E was the most common HCoV detected among inpatients (57.0%), followed by HCoV-HKU1-(45.2%); HCoV-OC43- (40.8%); and HCoV-NL63 (38.9%). Among those positive for a HCoV age, race, and insurance status were significantly associated with hospitalization.HCoV followed a winter-season circulation pattern, but with variation in the predominant type across years. HCoV-OC43 accounted for the largest number of HCoV infections whereas HCoV-229E had the highest proportion hospitalized. Further surveillance is required to evaluate the impact of the emergent circulation of SARS-CoV-2 on seasonal HCoVs.Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck & Co: Honoraria Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Pedro A. Piedra, MD, Ark Bioscience: Advisor/Consultant|Ark Bioscience: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Icosavax: Advisor/Consultant|Icosavax: Grant/Research Support|Mapp Biologics: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi-Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Up-To-Date: Honoraria John V. Williams, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidel: Board Member Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2022) 22:56510.1186/s12872-022-02997-9Following publication of the original article [1], the author name \u201cSamuel B. Wopperer\u201d is deleted from the author group.The original article has been corrected.Author details: 1Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA"}
{"text": "RSV is an extremely common respiratory pathogen and a leading cause of infant hospitalisation. An estimated 1 in 7 infants will develop an RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) requiring medical attention. The majority of infants hospitalised have no comorbidities and were born at term. Nirsevimab is the only preventative option designed to provide protection to all infants from RSV LRTI, from the start of their first RSV season, for the duration of that season.In the HARMONIE trial conducted in the UK, France, and Germany (EudraCT 2022-000099-20), we evaluated the impact of nirsevimab on all cause LRTI hospitalisations, as well as RSV LRTI specifically. Analyses looked at the efficacy of nirsevimab across subgroups that constitute the all infant population, all of whom are vulnerable throughout their first RSV season.Individually randomised infants  received a single intramuscular injection of nirsevimab , or no intervention (standard of care) before or during the RSV season. Following a single physical visit participants were monitored remotely for all cause LRTI hospitalisation . Efficacy was evaluated through the RSV season. Adverse events (AEs) continue to be monitored for 365 days.8058 infants were randomized, 4037 to the nirsevimab group and 4021 to the no intervention group. Efficacy against RSV LRTI was 83.21% (CI 67.77-92.04%) across all countries. Efficacy was consistent across infant subgroups, in those born at term (\u2265 37 weeks: 84.41% (CI 64.92-94.10%)) or prematurely (< 37 weeks: 78.31% (CI 33.49-94.69%)) and not impacted by infant weight at randomisation (< 5kg: 82.12% CI 59.14-93.30% and \u2265 5kg 85.16% CI 57.01-96.25%). Efficacy against all cause LRTI hospitalisation was 58.04% (39.693- 71.19).A single dose of nirsevimab given before or during the RSV season demonstrated a significant and sustained impact on RSV LRTI hospitalisations for the entire RSV season. Consistent efficacy was shown across subgroups comprising the all infant population.The potential impact of nirsevimab was reinforced by a reduction in all cause LRTI hospitalisations.Saul N. Faust, FRCPCH PhD, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Pfizer, Moderna, GlaxoSmithKline, Novavax, Sanofi, Seqirus, Medimmune, Merck, MSD, Iliad and Valneva: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca, Janssen, Pfizer, Moderna, GlaxoSmithKline, Novavax, Sanofi, Seqirus, Medimmune, Merck, MSD, Iliad and Valneva: Investigator Katrina Cathie, MBE, FRCPCH, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Iliad: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|MedImmune: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Valneva: Advisor/Consultant SB Drysdale, FRCPCH, PhD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|iLiAD: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Valneva: Advisor/Consultant S Royal, FRCGP, Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant C Felter, MD, Sanofi: Employee NC Vassilouthis, MD, Sanofi: Employee Mathieu Bangert, PhD, Sanofi: Staff member K Mari, PhD, Sanofi: Employee R Nteene, MD, Sanofi: Employee M Roberts, MD, Sanofi: Employee P Tissieres, MD, Baxter: Advisor/Consultant|PAion: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sedana: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "A new device for the removal of cochlear schwannoma: A temporal bone study By Sudhoff S, Riemann C, Kim R, Scholtz LU, Pfeiffer CJ, Goon P and Todt I. (2023) Front. Surg. 10:1077407. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1077407A corrigendum on Incorrect version: Sudhoff Holger, Riemann Conrad, Kim Rayoung, Lars Uwe Scholtz, Christoph J. Pfeiffer, Goon Peter and Todt Ingo*Correct version: Holger Sudhoff, Conrad Riemann, Rayoung Kim, Lars Uwe Scholtz, Christoph J. Pfeiffer, Peter Goon and Ingo Todt*Incorrect version:Citation: Holger S, Conrad R, Rayoung K, Scholtz LU, Pfeiffer CJ, Peter G and Ingo T (2023) A new device for the removal of cochlear schwannoma: A temporal bone study. Front. Surg. 10:1077407. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1077407Correct version:Citation: Sudhoff H, Riemann C, Kim R, Scholtz LU, Pfeiffer CJ, Goon P and Todt I (2023) A new device for the removal of cochlear schwannoma: A temporal bone study. Front. Surg. 10:1077407. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1077407The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated."}
{"text": "Correction: Molecular Genetics and Genomics (2023) 298:943\u2013953 10.1007/s00438-023-02027-zIn the published article, in this article reference Ishii et al. 2013 was processed with error and the correct reference should have beenhttps://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2567\u2019.\u2018Ishii T, Numaguchi K, Miura K, Yoshida K, Thanh PT, Htun TM, Yamasaki M, Komeda N, Matsumoto T, Terauchi R, Ishikawa R, Ashikari M (2013) OsLG1 regulates a closed panicle trait in domesticated rice. Nat Genet 45:462\u2013465. The original article has been updated."}
{"text": "There is an error in reference 30. The correct reference is: Rivers C, Chretien JP, Riley S, Pavlin JA, Woodward A, Brett-Major D, et al. Using \"outbreak science\" to strengthen the use of models during epidemics. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):3102. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11067-2. PMID: 31308372."}
{"text": "Intradermal testing with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines predicts tolerance By Stehlin F, Mahdi-Aljedani R, Canton L, Monzambani-Banderet V, Miauton A, Girard C, Kammermann K, Meylan S, Ribi C, Harr T, Yerly D and Muller YD. (2022) Front. Allergy 3:818049. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2022.818049An Erratum on Funding section of the original article was made in error. The following sentence has been added: \u201cOpen access funding provided by University of Lausanne\u201d.An omission to the The original version of this article has been updated."}
{"text": "Associations of health-related quality of life with major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events for individuals with ischaemic heart disease: systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence mapping. Open Heart 2023;10:e002452. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002452.Soloveva A, Gale CP, Han NT, This article has been corrected since it was first published. Author name Han Naung Tun has been corrected."}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Trials 24, 640 (2023)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-023-07576-7Following publication of the original article , we haveOriginally published affiliation: \u201cPresent address: Statistics & Data Science Innovation Hub, GSK, Brentford, UK\u201d.The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "This study determined the S. aureus (47.3%). Other organism groups included streptococci (13.6%), enterococci (7.5%), and Enterobacterales (18.5%). MIC testing of OMC and comparators was conducted according to CLSI M07 (2018) and M100 (2023) guidelines. MIC results were interpreted using FDA or CLSI breakpoints.876 bacterial isolates from bone/joint infections were received from 39 medical centers in the USA and 16 European countries (2015\u20132022). Identifications were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. The top BJI pathogen was staphylococci , including in vitro activity against S. aureus  isolates from BJI, including MRSA (96.5%S) and coagulase-negative staphylococci  (Table). All (100%) S. pyogenes , 98.4% of Enterococcus spp. , and 84.9% of other streptococci  were S to OMC, whereas comparator agent susceptibilities ranged from 20.3% to 57.9%S. Against Gram negatives, \u226590.0% of Acinetobacter spp. , Citrobacter spp. , E. coli , Klebsiella spp. , and S. maltophilia  isolates were S to OMC (FDA breakpoints applied to similar organism groups for comparison). Comparator agent susceptibilities ranged from 46.2%S to 100%S against these organism groups.OMC demonstrated potent in vitro activity against staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, and Gram-negative isolates from bone/joint infections, with activity generally more potent than or equal to the other tetracycline class comparator agents.OMC demonstrated potent Michael D. Huband, BS, BARDA: This study has been funded in part by BARDA under Contract No. 75A50120C00001.|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Michael A. Pfaller, MD, Paratek: Grant/Research Support Kelley Fedler, BS, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The correct title is: Usability, acceptability, and self-reported impact of an innovative hepatitis C risk reduction intervention for men who have sex with men: A mixed methods study. The correct citation is: Prinsenberg T, Illidge J, Zantkuijl P, Bedert M, Prins M, van der Valk M, et al. (2022) Usability, acceptability, and self-reported impact of an innovative hepatitis C risk reduction intervention for men who have sex with men: A mixed methods study. PloS ONE 17(2): e0263654."}
{"text": "Doppler Ultrasound of Vascular Complications AfterPediatric Liver Transplantation: Incidence, Time ofDetection, and Positive Predictive ValueMartijn Vincent Verhagen, Ruben H.J. de Kleine, Hubert P.J. vander Doef et al.Ultrasound International Open 2022; 8: 36\u20134210.1055/a-1961-9100published online: 2022-11-16In the above-mentioned article a specification in Table 2 wasnot correct. The corrected Table 2 is shown below. This wascorrected in the online version on April 14th, 2023."}
{"text": "We evaluated the activity of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) and comparators against common BLs detected in US hospitals.Escherichia coli  and Klebsiella pneumoniae  displaying MIC values \u2265 2 mg/L for at least 2 of the following: ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, or cefepime; (2) Enterobacter cloacae (n=452) and Citrobacter spp. (n=169) displaying MIC values \u2265 16 mg/L for ceftazidime and/or \u2265 2 mg/L for cefepime; and (3) ENT (n=240) displaying elevated carbapenem (meropenem and/or imipenem) MIC results at > 1 mg/L.A total of 21,853 Enterobacterales (ENT) isolates collected during 2020\u20132021 were susceptibility (S) tested by reference broth microdilution methods. Isolates submitted to whole genome sequencing were: (1) CAZ-AVI inhibited all ESBL-producers  including EC, KPN, and isolates producing CTX-M enzymes (Table). Meropenem-vaborbactam (MEV) inhibited 99.8\u2013100% and ceftolozane-tazobactam (CT) inhibited 67\u201393.6% of these isolates. ATM-AVI inhibited > 99.4%  of the isolates regardless of the ESBL type or organism. Meropenem S rates against ESBLs ranged from 97.8 to 99.7%. Among other classes, amikacin and tigecycline were the most active agents, inhibiting 78.1% and 97.7% of the ESBL-producing isolates. A total of 97.7% of the isolates had intermediate colistin MIC values. All isolates carrying transferrable AmpC genes were S to CAZ-AVI, ATM-AVI, and MEV and 99.1% were susceptible to meropenem, but only 79.1% were S to CT. These included 82 CMY-producers. Among carbapenemase producers (n=165), CAZ-AVI, ATM-AVI, and MEV susceptibility rates were 81.2%, 98.8% and 80.6%. The only comparator displaying activity against these isolates was tigecycline (93.3% susceptible).Avibactam combinations were active against common BL-producing isolates from US hospitals, including carbapenemase-producing isolates for which therapeutic options are limited. ATM-AVI was the most active agent against carbapenemase-producers when applying the aztreonam breakpoints for comparison.Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Valerie Kantro, BA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Timothy Doyle, MS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae. The PK, safety, and efficacy data of MV in adults support study in pediatrics.The worldwide spread of serine carbapenemases threatens carbapenems. VABOMERE (combination of meropenem and vaborbactam (MV), is a new class of beta-lactamase inhibitors including inhibition of Phase 1, open-label, dose-finding study. Pediatric subjects, 3 mos. to < 18 yrs already on antibiotics received a single-dose weight based infusion of MV over 3 hr. Blood samples were drawn pre-dose, 3,4, and 6 hr. for PK parameters. Population PK model included weight as a covariate. Safety assessments included AEs, vital signs, safety labs, physical exams, infusion tolerance, ECG. A DSMB reviewed safety and PK data before enrolling next cohort.MV was well-tolerated and safe in all age groups. Clearance per kg body weight of both M and V increased with decreasing body weight over all age groups suggesting an allometric relationship.0-8 efficacious in adult trials ranges of 91.7-513 mg\u2022hr/L (meropenem) and 131-494 mg\u2022hr/L (vaborbactam) were achieved in all pediatric cohorts.Targeted AUCPaula M. Bokesch, MD, Melinta Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Antonio C. Arrieta, MD, FIDSA, FPIDS, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Honoraria|Cumberland Pharmaceutical: Grant/Research Support|IDbyDNA: Advisor/Consultant|IDbyDNA: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Roche/Genentech: Grant/Research Support|The Medicine Company: Grant/Research Support Randall K. Hoover, Ph.D., Melinta Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Sandra McCurdy, MS, Melinta Therapeutics: Employee"}
{"text": "UK vaccination programs have reduced COVID-19\u2013related hospitalizations and deaths in the overall population, yet vaccinated individuals with immunocompromised conditions (IC) are still at high risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Contemporary evidence on severe outcomes in vaccinated individuals with IC is needed, particularly in the post-pandemic omicron period. Initial results from INFORM, an observational retrospective cohort study describing COVID-19 health burden in individuals with and without IC vaccinated with \u2265 3 doses of a COVID-19 vaccine in England, are presented.Figure 1). The study period was Jan 1, 2022\u2013Dec 31, 2022. Baseline characteristics were identified during the period Jan 1, 2017\u2013Dec 31, 2021. Incidence rates (IR) are presented per 100 person-years (PY).Data from primary and secondary care linked to COVID-19 surveillance, vaccination records, primary care dispensations, and mortality, were accessed via National Health Service (NHS) database (Table 1). Among individuals receiving \u2265 3 vaccine doses, COVID-19 hospitalization IRs were 0.92  in individuals with IC, compared with 0.22 (95% CI: 0.21\u20130.23) per 100 PY in the overall population. When analyzed by IC type, IRs were higher than the total vaccinated population across all IC subgroups (RR = 2.5\u201321) (Table 2). COVID-19 hospitalization IRs in patients with hematological malignancies currently under treatment were 4.65 (95% CI: 4.42\u20134.88) and those with organ transplants were 2.95 per 100 PY (95% CI: 2.7\u20133.2) (Table 2). Mortality IRs per 100 PY were also consistently higher across all IC groups.Almost 90% of individuals with IC received \u2265 3 vaccine doses compared with 60% in the overall population aged \u2265 12 years (Within a population vaccinated with \u2265 3 doses, individuals with IC had a higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and COVID-19 death compared with the overall population. This risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes was elevated across all IC groups, regardless of past or current treatment or procedure despite being vaccinated.Sabada Dube, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee Yi Lu, PhD, Evidera: Employee Richard McNulty, MD, AstraZeneca: Employee Sophie Graham, MSc, Evidera: Employee Sofie Arnetorp, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee Nahila Justo, PhD, MBA, Evidera: Employee|Karolinska Institute: Employee Renata Yokota, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee Kathryn Evans, MPH, Evidera: Employee Sudhir Venkatesan, MPH, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee Mark Yates, PhD, Evidera: Employee Sylvia Taylor, PhD, MPH, MBA, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer Quint, PhD, AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Evidera: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Grant/Research Support Rachael A. Evans, PhD FRCP, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Boehringer: Advisor/Consultant|Evidera: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue and mainly affects children in tropical countries. A yaws eradication campaign from the 1950s to the early 1960s was successful in reducing cases by 95% worldwide, but a resurgence was noted in the 1970s. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) targeted eradication of yaws through a mass administration of one-dose azithromycin. Nevertheless, in 2021, a total of 123,866 cases were reported from 13 countries, and 1,102 cases from nine countries were confirmed. Confirmed cases were largely from the Western Pacific region, although most cases from this region were not laboratory confirmed . Available from: WHO. Eradication of Yaws\u2014A Guide for Programme Managers. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 January 2018. 40 p.10.1371/journal.pntd.0010447.Dofitas BL, Kalim SP, Toledo CB, Richardus JH. Yaws in the Philippines: A clinico-seroprevalence study of selected communities in Mindanao. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(6):e0010447. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0566. PubMed PMID: 36572006.Dofitas B, Batac MC, Richardus JH. Finding Yaws among Indigenous People: Lessons from Case Detection Surveys in Luzon and Visayas Island Groups of the Philippines. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022. Epub 20221226. doi: Boock A, Awah P, Mou F, Nichter M. Yaws resurgence in Bankim, Cameroon: The relative effectiveness of different means of detection in rural communities. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(5):e00005557."}
{"text": "Cabotegravir + rilpivirine (CAB+RPV) administered monthly or every 2 months (Q2M) is the only complete long-acting (LA) regimen for maintaining HIV-1 suppression and may address challenges associated with daily oral therapy. In the Phase 3b SOLAR study, switching to CAB+RPV LA Q2M was noninferior to continuing daily oral bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF). We present results for North American  participants.SOLAR (NCT04542070) is the first randomized (2:1), open-label, multicenter, noninferiority study assessing switching virologically suppressed adults to CAB+RPV LA Q2M  vs. continuing BIC/FTC/TAF. The primary analysis was based on the prespecified modified intention-to-treat exposed (mITT-E) population (n=11 from 1 study site excluded from the ITT-E population for protocol deviation) at Month (M) 12. The primary endpoint was the proportion with plasma HIV-1 RNA \u226550 c/mL. Other endpoints were the proportion with plasma HIV-1 RNA < 50 c/mL, incidence of confirmed virologic failure , safety and tolerability (ITT-E), and treatment satisfaction (HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version [HIVTSQs]).Table 1). At M12, 1 participant in each arm had HIV-1 RNA \u226550 c/mL (Table 2). No NA participant had CVF in the mITT-E population; 1 (0.3%) NA participant excluded from the mITT-E population due to protocol violation had CVF (LA arm). Adverse events (AEs), excluding injection site reactions (ISRs), were similar between the LA (74% [n=164/223]) and BIC/FTC/TAF arms (73% [n=83/113]). More participants in the LA vs. BIC/FTC/TAF arm withdrew due to AEs (8% [n=17/223] vs. < 1% [n=1/113]). Mean adjusted HIVTSQs scores improved significantly (p< 0.001) from BL to M12 for LA (+3.40) vs. BIC/FTC/TAF (\u20131.07) participants.Of 670 participants (mITT-E), 325 were from North America; 66% (n=216/325) switched to LA and 34% (n=109/325) continued BIC/FTC/TAF. Baseline (BL) characteristics were similar between arms (Consistent with the overall SOLAR study population, switching to CAB+RPV LA from BIC/FTC/TAF was efficacious and well tolerated, with improved treatment satisfaction, in NA participants.Mehri McKellar, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Grant/Research Support Paula Teichner, PharmD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employment Jonathan Angel, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Merck: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Canada: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Canada: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Canada: Honoraria Lori A. Gordon, PharmD, ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Kenneth Sutton, MA, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Denise Sutherland-Phillips, MD, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Christine L. Talarico, M.S., ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Rimgaile Urbaityte, MSc, GSK: Employment|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Rodica Van Solingen-Ristea, MD, Janssen R&D: Employee Bryan Baugh, MD, Johnson & Johnson: Stocks/Bonds Ronald D'Amico, DO, MSc, ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Jean A. van Wyk, MBChB, MFPM, ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "BICSTaR is an ongoing, multinational, observational cohort study evaluating the real-world effectiveness and safety of B/F/TAF in antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment-na\u00efve and treatment-experienced (TE) people with HIV.This analysis of BICSTaR included TE virologically suppressed people with HIV who had started B/F/TAF in clinical practice with/without present/past evidence of HIV drug primary resistance mutations (PRMs). All had viral load (VL) data at baseline (BL). We report virologic and other outcomes at 12 months (M).Table 1).In the overall population, the most common ARTs taken immediately before B/F/TAF were E/C/F/TAF (27%), DTG+F/TAF (9%) and ABC/DTG/3TC (8%). BL genotypic drug resistance testing data were available for 441/996 (44%) participants (ppts); most tests were historic and performed > 60M before starting B/F/TAF  had present/past evidence of PRMs: 13% to NRTI, 11% to NNRTI, 6% to PI, 0.2% to INSTI. The most common PRMs were M184V/I (39 [37%]), \u2265 1 thymidine analog mutation , K103N/S in reverse transcriptase (23 [22%]) and M46I/L in protease (13 [12%]). Primary resistance to > 1 ART drug class was observed in 40 (38%) ppts with PRMs. Ppts with preexisting PRMs were older (\u2265 50 years), had more prior ARTs and more prior virologic failure, and had a longer time between HIV diagnosis and starting B/F/TAF versus those without PRMs.Table 2.At 12M, effectiveness  was maintained in 78 (99%) and 739 (98%) ppts with, versus without, any BL PRMs, respectively; 32/33 (97%) of those with M184V/I alone; 13/13 (100%) with M184V/I + 1\u20132 TAMs; and 2/2 (100%) with M184V/I + \u2265 3 TAMs at BL. No treatment-emergent PRMs to B/F/TAF were reported. Drug-related adverse events (DRAEs) occurred in 17 (16%) ppts with PRMs versus 113 (13%) without PRMs; serious DRAEs occurred in 2 ppts, both had PRMs at BL. Overall, 98/996 (10%) ppts switched from B/F/TAF to other ARTs . Additional outcomes are shown in After 12 months, virologically suppressed people with HIV initiating B/F/TAF in routine clinical practice maintained high rates of effectiveness despite the presence of PRMs (including M184V/I).Benoit Trottier, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Honoraria|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Honoraria Fabrice Bonnet, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Gilead: Educational Miguel Garcia-Deltoro, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Board Member|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Massimo Andreoni, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Advisor/Consultant Marta Boffito, MD, PhD, FRCP, AstraZeneca: Honoraria|ATEA: Advisor/Consultant|ATEA: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Valneva: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Berend J. van Welzen, MD, PhD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant Dan Turner, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria Dai Watanabe, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences K.K.: Honoraria|Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.: Honoraria|MSD K.K.: Honoraria|ViiV Healthcare K.K.: Honoraria Alper G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria David Thorpe, PhD, Gilead: Employment|Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Michelle L. D\u2019Antoni, PhD, Gilead: Employment|Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Tali Cassidy, PhD, Gilead: Employment|Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Andrea Marongiu, PhD, Gilead: Employment|Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Amy R. Weinberg, DNP, MS, Gilead: Employment|Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Richard Haubrich, MD, Gilead: Employment|Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Stefan Scholten, MD, AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|AbbVie: Honoraria|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Gilead: Congress and travel support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Honoraria|Janssen: Congress support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Honoraria|ViiV: Congress and travel support"}
{"text": "Candida and Aspergillus spp. were identified as the most common causes of invasive fungal infections in COVID-19 patients   , but no Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal drug that exerts its antifungal activity by targeting \u03b2-D-glucan synthase in the membrane of fungal cells, an enzyme that is absent in the human body . The mecHere we summarize the relationship between COVID-19 and Syk inhibitors. R406, a Syk inhibitor, inhibits both the mainly Fc\u03b3RIIA-dependent release of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages and thrombus formation induced by the anti-spike immune complex . R406 inin vitro and in vivo models.In a SARS-CoV-2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell model established to mimic the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, caspofungin suppressed inflammatory cytokine production . It alsoCandida and Aspergillus, which are common pathogens associated with COVID-19 (Caspofungin is an antifungal agent with activity against COVID-19 . CaspofuCOVID-19 . AdditioCOVID-19 , which pCOVID-19 . BecauseKI: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing. HT: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing. YM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing. HI: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing."}
{"text": "Clinical implications of atrial fibrillation detection using wearable devices in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CANDLE-AF) trial: Design and rationale By Jung S, Lee HA, Kang IS, Shin SH, Chang Y, Woo Shin D, Park M-S, Kim YD, Nam HS, Heo JH, Kim T-H, Yu HT, Lee JM, Heo SH, Woo HG, Park J-K, Roh S-Y, Kim CK, Lee Y-S, Do JK, Kim D-H, Song T-J, Park J and CANDLE-AF Trial Investigators. (2022) Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 9:837958. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.837958A Corrigendum on Incorrect FundingIn the published article, there was an error in the Funding statement. The funding statement for the Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korean government was displayed as . The correct Funding statement appears below.FUNDING(RS-2020-KD000234)] The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korean government [grant number: 9991006899, KMDF_PR_20200901_0234, NTIS, KMDF-RnD 202014X28-00"}
{"text": "Genotype-specific ECG-based risk stratification approaches in patients with long-QT syndrome By Rieder M, Kreifels P, Stuplich J, Ziupa D, Servatius H, Nicolai L, Castiglione A, Zweier C, Asatryan B and Odening KE (2022) Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 9:916036. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.916036An Erratum on An omission to the funding section of the original article was made in error. The following sentence has been added: \u201cOpen access funding was provided by the University of Bern\u201d.The original version of this article has been updated."}
{"text": "In the manuscript \u201cTuberculosis and diabetes: association with sociodemographic characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. Brazil, 2007-2011\u201d, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200009, published in the Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2020; 23: E200009:Where it reads:L\u00facia Santana RolimIt should read:L\u00facia Rolim Santana de Freitas"}
{"text": "A blended e-health intervention for improving functional capacity in elderly patients on haemodialysis: A feasibility study By Zemp DD, Baschung Pfister P, Knols R, Quadri P, Bianchi G, Giunzioni D, Lavorato S, Giannini O and de Bruin E. (2022) Front. Digit. Health. 4:1054932. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.1054932An Erratum on Funding section of the original article was made in error. The following sentence has been added: \u201cOpen access funding was provided by ETH Zurich\u201d.An omission to the The original article has been updated."}
{"text": "Enterobacterales are increasing in the US. Recommended treatment (tx) options include ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) plus ATM or FDC. We assessed the in vitro activity of tx options in the setting of a multi-species NDM outbreak.New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (NDM)-producing Patient isolates were identified through active carbapenemase testing and characterized by whole-genome sequencing. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for ATM, ATM-AVI, ceftazidime, CZA, FDC, FDC-AVI, FEP and FEP-TAN were determined by broth microdilution. AVI and TAN were tested at 4 mg/L. Index isolates were defined as the first NDM-producing isolate per species per patient.Table 1) comprising 10 species, the most common species were E. cloacae complex (15), E. coli (3), and K. aerogenes (3). Isolates harbored NDM-5 (72%) or NDM-1 (28%). Other \u03b2-lactamases included ACT (15), SHV (7), TEM (7), and CTX-M (6) variants. 93%, 93%, and 69% of index isolates were susceptible to ATM-AVI, FEP-TAN, and FDC, respectively; corresponding MIC50 values were 0.06, 0.5, and 2 mg/L, respectively (Table 2). FDC susceptibility improved to 86% with addition of AVI.48 isolates from 24 patients were included from 2018-2023; 73% of isolates were collected in the last year. 17% of patients were infected with >1 NDM-producing species. Among index isolates . Two patients were treated with CZA-ATM. In 1 case ATM-AVI MICs increased against E. coli from 16 to >128 mg/L post-CZA-AVI tx, attributed to an insertion (YRIN) and substitution (A417V) in ftsI (PBP3). Overall, 4 isolates  from 2 patients were non-susceptible to ATM-AVI, FEP-TAN, and FDC. All were related by WGS and harbored CMY-145, NDM-5, and a YRIN duplication in PBP3.Among serial isolates (n=19), rates of susceptibility were 89%, 84%, and 16% for ATM-AVI, FEP-TAN, and FDC, respectively (in vitro activity against clinical isolates. Susceptibility rates for both \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitors was higher than FDC, suggesting they may be preferred for tx in the absence of timely susceptibility testing. The activity of each agent is compromised by NDM-producing strains that harbor PBP3 mutations.During a multi-species NDM outbreak we found ATM-AVI and FEP-TAN demonstrated potent Ghady Haidar, MD, Allovir: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Utility: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Correction: Endoscopic treatment for a hematoma-mediated colon obstruction caused by acupuncture: A rare case reportLi S, Sun S, Wang G et al. Endoscopic treatment for a hematoma-mediated colon obstruction caused by acupuncture: A rare case report.Endoscopy 2023 (S1), 55: E713\u2013E714, doi:10.1055/a-2078-0392In the above-mentioned article, the name of Guoxin Wang has been corrected. This was corrected in the online version on May 15, 2023."}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38249-9, published online 07 July 2023Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 14, which was incorrectly given as:J. Membr. Sci. Res.3, 25 (2017).Ghasem, N. & Al-Marzouqi, M. Modeling and experimental study of carbon dioxide absorption in a flat sheet membrane contactor.\u00a0The correct reference is listed below:2 absorption enhancement in hollow-fiber membrane contactors using CNT\u2013water-based nanofluids. J. Membr. Sci. Res. 5, 295\u2013302 (2019).Ghasem, N. Modeling and simulation of COThe original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "CORAL-CEPI (NCT05435027) is the first test of samRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the African population, under-represented in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine studies. Antibody transience is an issue with first generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. This is a preliminary safety and immunogenicity report, showing durable IgG and neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses induced by samRNA vaccine candidates in a South African population.This is an ongoing Phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study of samRNA candidates  encoding full-length Spike  and sequences of Nucleocapsid or selected non-S T cell epitopes (TCEs) . R914  and R912  were administered as 1 or 2 doses in adults (18-65 years) in two cohorts : SARS-CoV-2 anti-N IgG seronegative or seropositive at baseline. Primary objective is safety and secondary objectives assess (at Vismederi srl) S-specific binding IgG (bAb) and nAbs against Beta and Delta variants of concern (VoC) as well as T cell responses against S and additional TCEs.50 against Beta (included in vaccine), and Delta (cross-reactive), at 6 months in Part A, respectively. Antibody responses were durable up to at least 6 months after R914 and up to at least D57 after R912. The majority of subjects who received GRT-R914 had T cell responses to Non-Structural Protein (NSP) and Nucleocapsid antigens. T cell data from subjects vaccinated with GRT-R912 is pending.Most reactogenicities were grade 1 or 2 and transient in nature . Ten out of 180 participants reported grade 3 solicited adverse events which resolved within 1-4 days. 99% of participants showed bAbs > 500 ELU/mL at 6 months, while 79% and 70% participants had nAbs > 500 NDFig.3All doses of R914 and R912 were well-tolerated. Both vaccine candidates increased IgG titers against WT as well as nAb titers against selected VoCs. Antibody levels were durable up to at least 6 months after R914 and 57 days after R912 at all dose levels. Humoral immunity against additional VoCs and additional T cell data will be presented. These results showing similar nAb durability are observed with another samRNA vaccine assessed as boost following primary series with ChAdOx1 or mRNA (NCT05148962).A. Koen, MD, Wits Vaccines & Infectious Diseases Analytics (VIDA) Research Unit, South Africa \u2013 Johannesburg (South Africa): Employee E. Mitha, MBChB, Newtown Clinical Research Centre, South Africa - Newtown (South Africa): Employee J. Allagappen, MD, Setshaba Research Centre - Pretoria (South Africa): Employee A. Nagare, MBBS, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds M. Dhar, MBBS, Shandukani Research - Johannesburg (South Africa): Employee M. Marrali, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Christine Palmer, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Harshni Venkatraman, MS, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Jason Jaroslavsky, MS, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds JC Kuan, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds L. Kraemer, PhD, Gritstone: Employee|Gritstone: Stocks/Bonds L. Arcebuche, PhD, Gritstone bio: Employee|Gritstone bio: Stocks/Bonds L. Hernandez, PhD, Gritstone bio: Employee|Gritstone bio: Stocks/Bonds Meghan Hart, ALM, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Sonia Kounlavouth, BS, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Pedro Garbes, MD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds A. Allen, MBBS, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Karin Jooss, PhD, Gritstone bio: employee|Gritstone bio: Stocks/Bonds Shabhir A. Mahdi, PhD, Wits Vaccines & Infectious Diseases Analytics (VIDA) Research Unit, South Africa \u2013 Johannesburg (South Africa): Employee"}
{"text": "Sugiyarto G, Lau D, Hill SL, et al. Reactivation of low avidity tumor-specific CD8+ T cells associates with immunotherapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2023;11:e007114. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007114The author Tim Elliott has been made a corresponding author and Eileen E Parkes was incorrectly listed as Eileen Parkes. The third affiliation has been updated to Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}
{"text": "P=0.212; median follow-up: 183 days) and was well tolerated. We report final safety data from STORM CHASER.In the STORM CHASER phase 3 post-exposure prophylaxis study, 300-mg intramuscular (IM) AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) reduced symptomatic COVID-19 by 33.3% vs placebo at primary analysis (In STORM CHASER (NCT04625972), adults without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination were enrolled within 8 days of exposure to a SARS-CoV-2\u2013infected individual and randomized 2:1 to receive a single intramuscular dose of 300-mg AZD7442 (N=749) or placebo (N=372). Results are reported from the November 12, 2022 final data cut-off. The primary safety endpoint was assessment of adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), medically attended AEs (MAAEs), and AEs of special interest (AESIs). AESIs included injection site and hypersensitivity reactions. Efficacy data have previously been reported.Table). Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity; 30 (4.0%) and 26 (7.0%) of participants in the AZD7442 and placebo groups, respectively, reported an AE of grade 3 (severe) or higher. SAEs occurred in 2.7% and 4.3% of AZD7442 and placebo participants, MAAEs in 12.7% and 14.0%, AESIs in 0.5% and 1.1%, and deaths in 0.4% and 0.5%, respectively.Across both the AZD7442 and placebo groups, 928 (82.1%) participants completed the study. Median follow-up was 455 days (\u223c15 months) in both groups. AEs occurred in 46.5% and 51.9% of participants administered AZD7442 and placebo, respectively (These findings support the long-term safety of AZD7442.Myron J. Levin, MD, Dynavax: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Data safety monitoring/Advisory board|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co.: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant Andrew Ustianowski, MD, PhD, Gilead: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisory Board|GSK: Honoraria|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Honoraria|Merck: Advisory Board|Sanofi: Honoraria|ViiV Healthcare/GSK: Advisory Board Jesse Thissen, MSc, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Seth Seegobin, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Rohini Beavon, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Kanika Dey, MSc, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth J. Kelly, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Karen A. Near, MD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Katie Streicher, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Alexandre Kiazand, MD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Mark T. Esser, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "The correct spelling is: Khabir Ahmad. The correct citation is: Bin Helayel H, Ahmed A, Ahmad K, Ahmad A, Khan R, Al-Swailem SA (2022) Quarantine-related traumatic stress, views, and experiences during the first wave of Coronavirus pandemic: A mixed-methods study among adults in Saudi Arabia. PloS ONE 17(1): e0261967."}
{"text": "Enterococcus (ENT) and resistant (R) subsets from US medical centers was evaluated comparatively between 2022 and 2017\u20132019.A new formulation of oritavancin (ORI) to be infused over 1 hour for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections was approved in 2021 by the US FDA. The activity of ORI and its comparators against E. faecalis (EF) from 2022 and 2017\u20132019, respectively, 148/1,348 E. faecium (EFM), and 14/150 other ENT were collected (1/patient) from 34 US medical centers. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and standard microbiology tests and susceptibility (S) tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CLSI clinical breakpoints (BPs) and VanA/VanB phenotypes were used. ORI BPs against vancomycin (VAN)-S EF were applied to all ENT.4,462 ENT, including 246/2,556 50/90, 0.015/0.03 mg/L) was similar to 2017\u20132019 . ORI inhibited 97.5%/98.9% of ENT from 2022/2017\u20132019 at \u2264 0.12 mg/L. VAN and linezolid (LZD) inhibited 97.2%/98.4% and 99.6%/99.6% of ENT from 2022/2017\u20132019, at the respective BPs. ORI, VAN, LZD and daptomycin (DAP) showed stable S rates ( > 96%) against EF. ORI remained active against 57.1/53.1% of VAN-R EF. VanA rates in VAN-R EF from 2022 and 2017\u20132019 were 85.7%/93.8%. ORI inhibited the 3 VanB EF isolates at \u2264 0.03 mg/L. LZD and DAP remained active against VAN-R EF (100%). Similar activity was noted for ORI against EFM from 2022  and 2017\u20132019 . The EFM S rate to VAN was 35.1% in 2017\u20132019 and 39.2% in 2022. The S rates to ORI (VAN-S EF BPs) and LZD remained stable ( > 98%) as well as rates of DAP susceptible dose-dependent . The VanB phenotype increased from 7.8% in 2017\u20132019 to 20.0% in 2022. ORI inhibited all VanB and 98.5% of VanA EFM at \u2264 0.12 mg/L. LZD inhibited 98.6%/99.4% of VanA EFM isolates in 2022/2017\u20132022. The DAP SDD rate slightly decreased against VanA EFM (99.7% to 93.1%). ORI and comparators were active against other ENT.ORI activity against ENT from 2022 (MICORI exhibited potent and stable activity against ENT clinical isolates, including VAN-R EFM in US. An increase in VanB EFM phenotype and a slight decrease in the DAP SDD rates in VAN-R EFM subsets were noted over time.Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Dee Shortridge, PhD, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Correction: Reprod Biol Endocrinol 20, 28 (2022).10.1186/s12958-022-00892-8.Following publication of the original article , the autSills ES, Wood SH. Autologous activated platelet-rich plasma injection into adult human ovary tissue: Molecular mechanism, analysis, and discussion of reproductive response. Biosci Rep. 2019;39(6):BSR20190805. 10.1042/BSR20190805.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Objective: describe epidemiology and variations of the cases notified in Uruguay between 1.1.2008 and 12.31.2021 according vaccine strain.In Uruguay varicella is mandatory notification disease since 1963. Universal vaccination starts in 1999 (OKA strain 1 dose) when incidence was 105/100.000 inhab; in 2014 2Observational, descriptive, retrospective study. All cases reported to the Department of Health Surveillance (DEVISA)-Epidemiology Division-Ministry of Health in period: 1.1.08 to 12.31.21. Data source: DEVISA and Honorary Commission-Fight Against TB-Prevalent Diseases. Variables: notified cases, average annual incidence, age, sex, outbreaks. Vaccine: doses, OKA or MAV/06 strain Statistical analysis: frequency distribution, summary measures and statistical significance tests  4 periods according vaccine strain in nation immunization program were defined: 2008 and 2009 (Oka), 2010 to 2012 (Oka and MAV06); 2013 to 2018 (MAV) and 2019 to 2021 (OKA)Accumulated cases: 13,896 . Women: 6639 (48%) Vaccine coverage was around 95-97%. Incidence: 32.2/100,000/inhabitants (95%CI:30-34) in 2008-2009, the rate decrease in 2010-2012 to 21.5 (19-13), in 2013-2018 increased 35,78 (35-36), in this period in 2013, 1968 cases was reported. Rate in 2019-2021: 12 (11-12) , with 2 doses of vaccine. There wasn\u2019t a significant difference in annual average cases (AANC) 2008-2013 (AANC: 1025) vs 2014-2018 (AANC: 1293) p=0,345. The AANC in 2019-2021 were 424. . There was a significant increase in the annual average of outbreaks 30/2012-2013 vs. 90/2014-2018. In 2019:81, 2020:10 and 2021:7 outbreaks. Between 2008-2018 most cases were reported in the group 10 to 14 years of age (median 187.5m); 2019-2021, 678/1,272 cases were older than 12Incidence dropped from 105 in 1999 to 24 in 2019. There was a displacement to older ages. The 2nd dose didn\u2019t change incidence and outbreaks frequency. The incidence decreased in 2019-2021. Surely the great decrease in the incidence and outbreaks in 2020 and 2021 was influenced by COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2010 to 2018, the most widely used vaccine contained MAV/06Marcos Delfino, Pediatrician, pediatric infectologist, Adjunct Professor of pediatric clinic, Pfizer: Finnancial support to travel to IDWeek 2023 Ignacio Olivera, Medical Doctor, Master in Health Economics and Pharmaceutical Economics, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Expert Testimony|Sanofis Pasteur: Grant/Research Support Mar\u00eda Catalina P\u00edrez, Pediatrician, Pediatric infectologist, microbiologist Professor of pediatric, Degree V, Merck, Pfizer: Expert Testimony|Merck, Pfizer: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Dichoteleas Kieffer (Scelionidae: Scelioninae) is known only from the Old World: Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, South Africa, Madagascar, southern India, the island of New Guinea, and eastern Australia. After revision, 10 species are recognized. Four species were previously recognized and are redescribed: D.ambositrae Risbec (Madagascar), D.indicus Saraswat , D.rugosus Kieffer , and D.subcoeruleus Dodd . Six species are described as new: D.fulgidussp. nov. (Indonesia: Papua Barat), D.fuscussp. nov. , D.hamatussp. nov. ., D.rubyaesp. nov. (Madagascar), D.striatussp. nov. (Madagascar), and D.umbrasp. nov. (Tanzania). Dichoteleaspappi Szab\u00f3 is treated as a junior synonym of D.rugosus. An identification key to species of the genus is provided.The genus  Dichoteleas was first described by Jean-Jacques Kieffer in 1907 on the basis of a single male specimen collected in Mackay, North Queensland, Australia. It was distinguished from Pentacantha Ashmead (a genus of the subfamily Teleasinae) by the \u201cThorax mit drei spitzen Z\u00e4hnen\u201d (thorax with three pointed teeth) and the presence of the postmarginal vein on the forewing . Kieffer did not specify in his generic description on which parts of the mesosoma these teeth occur, but in his description of the sole species, D.rugosus, he indicated that the teeth are found on the sides of the mesoscutellum and medially on the metanotum. After collecting a female of the type species, Dichoteleas could be identified by its large hairless eyes, elongate maxillary palpi, and subtridentate mandibles.The genus D.rugosus Kieffer, D.subcoeruleus Dodd, and D.pappi Szab\u00f3), one from Madagascar (D.ambositrae Risbec), and one from India (D.indicus Saraswat). Only D.subcoeruleus was described based on more than a single sex, and none of these were based on more than five specimens. In their revision of Australian Scelioninae, D.pappi may be a junior synonym of D.rugosus, since the species have similar ranges, and Dichoteleaspappi was described from one female specimen, while D.rugosus was described from a male.In the years since its description, five species have been described in the genus. Three were described from Australia , Bernice P. Bishop Museum , California Academy of Sciences , Canadian National Collection of Insects , C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection , Hungarian Natural History Museum , International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology , Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle , \ufeff\ufeffSouth Australian Museum , \ufeffSouth African Museum , and Utah State University Insect Collection .This work is based on specimens from the OSUC\u201d) and a number. The associated data for each specimen may be accessed at http://mbd-db.osu.edu using this unique identifier. Morphological terminology generally follows Each specimen examined in this paper has a unique identifier consisting of a prefix . These descriptions were exported in the format of \u201cCharacter: Character state(s).\u201d The states of characters polymorphic for a species are separated by semicolons. Photographs of specimens were captured using a Leica Z16 APOA system and stacked with the Leica Application Suite software. Images of type specimens were provided by Elijah Talamas (Florida State Collection of Arthropods).The terminology for the surface sculpture follows . Species descriptions and a taxon by data matrix were generated using vSysLab ; Head. Head shape in dorsal view: transverse. Vertex: smooth or rugose. Hyperoccipital carina: present or absent. Occipital carina: present, complete. OOL: lateral ocellus nearly contiguous with inner orbits, OOL < 0.5 OD. Upper frons: convex or with a slight concavity; smooth, striate, or areolate. Frontal depression: undifferentiated. Submedian carina: present or absent. Orbital carina: present. Inner orbits: diverging ventrally. IOS/EH: IOS less than EH. Interantennal process: short, often excavate medially. Central keel: present or absent. Antennal foramen: oriented laterally on interantennal process. Facial striae: present or absent. Malar sulcus: present. Malar striae: present or absent. Setation of compound eye: present or absent. Gena: narrows dorsally behind eye, convex. Clypeus shape: narrow, rectangular, lateral corners not produced. Anterior  margin of clypeus: straight. Labrum: narrow, trapezoidal, ventral margin convex or straight. Number of mandibular teeth: 2 or 3. Arrangement of mandibular teeth: transverse. Number of maxillary palpomeres: 4. Shape of maxillary palpomeres: cylindrical. Number of labial palpomeres: 2.Antenna. Number of antennomeres in female: 12. Number of antennomeres in male: 12. Insertion of radicle into A1: parallel to longitudinal axis of A1. Shape of A1: cylindrical, not flattened. Length of A3 of female: distinctly longer than A2. Number of antennomeres with papillary sensilla in female: 7. Arrangement of sensilla on female clava: in longitudinal pairs. Claval formula: A12\u2013A6:1\u20132\u20132\u20132\u20132\u20132\u20132. Shape of male flagellum: filiform. Sex segment of male antenna: A5.Mesosoma. Posterior apex of pronotum in dorsal view: bifid apically to articulate with tegula. Epomial carina: absent. Cervical pronotal area: oblique, visible dorsally, short. Lateral face of pronotum: weakly concave ventrally around the pronotal cervical sulcus. Netrion: present. Netrion shape: moderately wide, open ventrally. Anterior portion of mesoscutum: vertical, flexed ventrally to meet pronotum. Mesoscutum shape: pentagonal, excavate at base of wings. Skaphion: absent. Notauli: present, percurrent. Parapsidal lines: present. Antero-admedian lines: absent. Transscutal articulation: well-developed. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: present or absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove or foveolate. Shape of mesoscutellum: trapezoidal. Lateral mesoscutellar spines: present. Median mesoscutellar spine: absent. Axillular spines: present. Surface of mesoscutellum: convex throughout. Median longitudinal furrow on mesoscutellum: absent. Metascutellum: clearly differentiated. Shape of metascutellum: flattened laterally into a medially spine; flattened dorsoventrally into a triangular plate. Setation of metascutellum: absent. Metapostnotum: fused to propodeum. Lateral propodeal projection: absent. Medial propodeal projection: absent. Mesopleural carina: present. Mesal course of acetabular carina: not separating fore coxae. Mesopleural pit: present. Posterodorsal corner of mesopleuron: rounded.Legs. Number of mesotibial spurs: 1. Number of metatibial spurs: 1. Dorsal surface of metacoxa: smooth. Shape of metacoxa: cylindrical, ecarinate. Trochantellus: indicated by transverse sulcus on femur.Wings. Wing development of female: macropterous. Wing development of male: macropterous. Tubular veins in fore wing: present. Bulla of fore wing R: absent. Length of marginal vein of fore wing: punctiform, R terminating at costal margin. Origin of r-rs in fore wing: arises at the point where R meets costal margin. Development of R in hind wing: complete.Metasoma. Number of external metasomal tergites in female: 7. Number of external metasomal sternites in female: 7. Number of external metasomal tergites in male: 8. Number of external metasomal sternites in male: 7. Shape of metasoma: lanceolate. Laterotergites: present, narrow. Laterosternites: present. T1 of female: flat; produced anteriorly as a small hump. Relative size of metasomal segments: T2\u2013T3 subequal in length, remaining terga shorter. Metasomal tergites with basal crenulae: T2. Sublateral carinae on tergites: present. Median longitudinal carina on metasomal terga: absent; present on T1\u2013T4. Shape of female T6: slightly convex. Anterior margin of S1: not produced anteriorly, straight. Felt fields on S2: present; obscured by setation. Felt fields on S3: present; obscured by setation. Ovipositor: Scelio-type  setation on the eyes and the well-developed postmarginal vein. It may be distinguished from Oxyteleia and Oreiscelio since in Dichoteleas the metascutellum only has a single median spine. The New World genus Pseudoheptascelio may also be interpreted to have a bidentate mesoscutellum. In that group the stigmal vein (r-rs) arises from the submarginal vein before it reaches the costal margin of the fore wing. In Dichoteleas, the stigma vein arises from the costal margin.Dichoteleas species are known from Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, northeastern South Africa, Madagascar, southern India, New Guinea and Far North Queensland in Australia .Dichoteleasambositrae : Masner, 1976: 31 (type information); Johnson, 1992: 367 .Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: absent. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: primarily smooth with weak transverse striations above the IAP. Setation of frons: mostly glabrous with sparse setation laterally. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Color of pronotum: yellow. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: foveolate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: present. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: smooth without longitudinal striations. Notaulus: incomplete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: yellow. Sculpture of T3\u20136: punctate. Median carina on T1\u2013T4: absent.D.subcoeruleus, D.fulgidus, D.fuscusand  by the absence of the median carina on T1\u2013T4. It can be distinguished from the other species by its xanthic pronotum and smooth mesoscutum.This species can be distinguished from Madagascar .Holotype, female: Madagascar: Ambositra, MNHN Paris EY32526; Madagascar: 2 females, CASENT 2138155, 2138157 (CAS).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae\ufeff6090B03D-9849-5263-8E7A-E783BD2FCBDAhttps://zoobank.org/551D6CCD-7E66-496A-9B7C-53D007349DACColor of head: metallic blue. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: absent. Facial striae: absent. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: metallic blue. Pronotal cervical sulcus: absent. Mesepimeral sulcus: absent. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: metallic blue. Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely punctate without longitudinal striations. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: metallic blue. Sculpture of T3\u20136: rugulose. Median carina on T1\u2013T4: present.D.subcoeruleus and D.fuscus by the finely punctate sculpture of the mesoscutum.This species can be identified by the presence of a dorsal median carina on T1\u2013T4 of the metasoma, and it may be distinguished from The epithet comes from the Latin word for \u201cshiny,\u201d referring to the smooth, metallic luster of the mesosoma. This epithet is treated as an adjective.Indonesia (Papua Barat).Holotype, female: Indonesia: FakFak S. coast of Bomberai, 100\u2013700m; OSUC 234427 (BPBM). Paratypes. Indonesia: 3 males, OSUC 234420\u2013234421, 234425 (BPBM).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae\ufeffCF71C170-0479-5758-ADFB-450377D84DFDhttps://zoobank.org/8CA7BC20-6A81-4DBE-904A-2997CA6072F3Color of head: metallic blue. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: absent. Facial striae: absent. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: present. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: absent. Mesepimeral sulcus: absent. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: rugulose. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: rugulose. Shape of axillular carinae: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: brown. Sculpture of T3\u20136: rugulose. Median carina on T1\u2013T4: present.D.subcoeruleus and D.fulgidus by the rugulose sculpture of the mesoscutum.This species can be identified by the dorsal median carina (T1\u2013T4 of metasoma) and can be distinguished from D.fulgidus). This epithet is treated as an adjective.The epithet comes from the Latin word for \u201cdusky,\u201d referring to the darker, metallic color of the mesosoma , Australia (Queensland).Holotype, female: Papua New Guinea: NE Finisterre Range, Saidor, Gabumi; OSUC 234417 (BPBM). Paratypes. Australia: 1 male, OSUC 875045 (CNCI). Papua New Guinea: 12 females, 4 males, OSUC 234413\u2013234416, 234422\u2013234424, 234426, 234428\u2013234429 (BPBM), OSUC 875873\u2013875876 (CNCI).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae\ufeff8EE29820-64E5-54A0-9841-703FD18378F7https://zoobank.org/09D49988-1679-4AC2-AC59-D5C47ED6E353Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: present. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: sparse, with few scattered fine hairs. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present, foveolate. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: areolate-rugose. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: slightly obscured by mesoscutal sculpture. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: rugulose. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: with a sharp posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: brown. Sculpture of T3\u20136: rugulose and finely punctate. Median carina on T1\u2013T4: absent.D.rugosus by the distinct hooked projections on axillular carinae.This species can be distinguished from hamatus is drawn from the Latin word for hooked, referring to the hooked projections on the axillular carinae. This epithet is treated as an adjective.The name Kenya (Coast), Malawi (Mulanje), South Africa (Limpopo), Tanzania .Holotype, female: South Africa: Guernsey Farm, Limpopo Prov.; OSUC 56306 (CNCI). Paratypes. Kenya: 1 female, ICIPE 32195 (ICIPE). Malawi: 1 female, OSUC 875032 (CNCI). South Africa: 20 females, 50 males, OSUC 874965\u2013875031, 875037 (CNCI); SAM-HYM-P031302, SAM-HYM-P037851 (SAMC); USNMENT01197871 (USNM). Tanzania: 5 females, 1 male, OSUC 875033\u2013875036, 875040-875041 (CNCI).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae\ufeffSaraswatAAEAF8D2-BA5C-5D80-B539-C6F21052D530Dichoteleasindicus Saraswat, 1982: 350 ; Johnson, 1992: 367 .Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: present. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: sparse, with few scattered fine hairs. Sculpture of frons: primarily rugulose. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: present. Interantennal process: produced anteriorly, margined by depression. Central keel: present. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: absent. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: present. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: rugulose. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: slightly obscured by mesoscutal sculpture. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: rugulose. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: yellow. Sculpture of T3\u20136: strigate and finely punctate. Median carina on T1\u2013T4: absent.This species can be distinguished by the anteriorly produced interantennal process and the presence of the central keel.India .India: School of Entomology, St. John\u2019s College; USNMENT 01109962. India: 1 female, OSUC 875044 (CNCI).Holotype, male: Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae\ufeff683C18AF-8826-5B08-8C8B-D9C0307CD016https://zoobank.org/A33B1DD4-261B-4969-957E-26E7C3D654A1Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Frontal depression: present, shallow. Malar striae: present. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Color of pronotum: red. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: foveolate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: present. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present, foveolate. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: red. Sculpture of mesoscutum: areolate-rugose. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: slightly obscured by mesoscutal sculpture. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: yellow. Sculpture of T3\u20136: rugulose and finely punctate. Median carina on T1\u2013 T4: absent.D.rugosus by its reddish mesosoma and the smooth mesoscutellum.This species can be distinguished from rubyae in honor of the first author\u2019s grandmother, Ruby Thomas. The name also refers to the red coloration of the mesosoma. This epithet is treated as a noun in the genitive case.The epithet Madagascar .Holotype, female: Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana, For\u00eat de Binara, 375m; CASENT 2134207 (CAS). Paratypes. Madagascar: 19 females, 7 males, CASENT 2043443\u20132043447, 2131300\u20132131302, 2134208\u20132134212, 2137245, 2137863 (CAS), OSUC 874887, 874942 (CNCI); CASENT 2042724\u20132042725, 2043436-2043442, 2134212, 2137245, 2137863 (OSUC).There is some variation in the visibility of the notauli. In most specimens, the notauli were obscured by the mesoscutal sculpture, but one specimen (CASENT 2137863) had clearly defined notauli.Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae\ufeffKiefferBED2E917-4A7B-5C93-BE08-F7E2A849A957Dichoteleasrugosus Kieffer, 1907: 297 ; Kieffer, 1926: 351 ; Dodd, 1926: 370 (description); Masner, 1965: 72 (type information); Galloway, 1976: 90 (type information); Johnson, 1992: 367 .Dichoteleaspappi Szab\u00f3, 1971: 319 ; Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: present. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: foveolate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present, foveolate. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: punctate with longitudinal striations between notauli. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: brown. Sculpture of T3\u20136: rugulose and finely punctate. Median carina on T1\u2013T4: absent.Dichoteleasrugosus can be distinguished from D.striatus by its setose and punctate mesosoma and other Dichoteleas by its bidentate mandibles.Australia (Queensland).Holotype, male, D.rugosus: Australia: QLD, Mackay; OCT-1897, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.496.; Australia: 4 females, 2 males, OSUC 367523, 367536 (ANIC), OSUC 875046\u2013875047, 875871\u2013875872 (CNCI).D.rugosus was missing parapsidal lines. They are present but obscured by the sculpture of the mesoscutum.In the original description, Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae\ufeffCE5BC783-73CD-5F07-9DBD-D2F5EB4EC053https://zoobank.org/985F5CD2-7A6E-4546-8CDA-FCFF2BBFE104Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: absent. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: primarily smooth with weak transverse striations above the IAP. Setation of frons: mostly glabrous with sparse setation laterally. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: absent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: present. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: dark brown; black. Sculpture of mesoscutum: primarily smooth with longitudinal striations between notauli. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: slightly obscured by mesoscutal sculpture. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: brown. Sculpture of T3\u20136: weakly strigate and finely punctate. Median carina on T1\u2013T4: absent.D.ambositrae by the longitudinal striations between the notauli and the black/brown pronotum and from D.rugosus by its glabrous mesosoma.This species can be distinguished from The epithet refers to the longitudinal striations present on the mesoscutum. This epithet is treated as an adjective.Madagascar .Holotype, female: Madagascar: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 1130m, PN Ranomafana, radio tower; CASENT 2043988 (CAS). Paratypes. Madagascar: 93 females, 64 males, CASENT 2043198, 2043540, 2043564\u20132043565, 2043989, 2118400, 2118404, 2118444, 2131303\u20132131316, 2132729, 2132737, 2133921\u20132133922, 2134086, 2134150, 2134156, 2134161, 2134169, 2134198\u20132134200, 2134203\u2013 2134204, 2134523, 2135869, 2135989, 2136263, 2136415, 2137236, 2137832, 2137876, 2137937, 2138216 (CAS); CASENT 2042824, 2042844\u20132042857, 2042967\u20132042976, OSUC 146657, 229802 (OSUC); OSUC 218026 (USU); OSUC 874879\u2013874883, 874885\u2013874886, 874888\u2013874941, 874943\u2013874964 (CNCI).There was some variation in the length and the number of the longitudinal striations on the mesoscutum. In fewer than half of the specimens, the striations started anteriorly and terminated around the middle of the mesoscutum. In the majority of the specimens, the striations started anteriorly and terminated at the posterior margin of the mesoscutum.Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae\ufeffDodd82147B10-F745-5257-B6F7-FE7446A2F4B3Dichoteleassubcoeruleus Dodd, 1926: 370, 371 ; Color of head: metallic blue. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: absent. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: present. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: absent. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: foveolate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: present. Color of mesoscutum: metallic blue. Sculpture of mesoscutum: rugulose. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike projection. Color of axillular carina: yellow. Sculpture of T3\u20134: rugulose and finely punctate. Median carina on T1\u2013T4: present.D.indicus by the median carina on T1\u2013T4.This species can be distinguished by the presence of the median mesoscutual line and can be distinguished from Australia (Queensland)Holotype, female: Australia: Queensland, Mossman, SAMA 32-00145 (SAMA). Australia: 13 females, 4 males, OSUC 367522, 367527\u2013367542 (ANIC).Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraScelionidae\ufeff\u200bB9DCAA05-F236-5112-BA23-6F99F9367F34https://zoobank.org/C86B76DC-5B02-4FDF-842F-60F2E98B4B06Color of head: black. Hyperoccipital carina: present. Frontal depression: absent. Malar striae: present. Facial striae: present. Setation of eyes: absent. Sculpture of frons: smooth above interantennal prominence, areolate laterally. Setation of frons: sparsely setose throughout. Submedian carina: absent. Interantennal process: undifferentiated. Central keel: absent. Transverse pronotal carina: present. Color of pronotum: dark brown to black. Pronotal cervical sulcus: present. Mesepimeral sulcus: present. Sulcus along mesopleural carina: foveolate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: present as an uninterrupted groove. Median mesoscutal line: absent. Color of mesoscutum: black with xanthic posterolateral corners. Sculpture of mesoscutum: punctate. Notaulus: complete. Visibility of notaulus: unobscured. Parapsidal line: present. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth. Shape of axillular carinae in lateral view: without a posteroventral hooklike. Color of axillular carina: slighter lighter than mesoscutellum. Sculpture of T3\u20136: punctate. Median carina on T1\u2013T4: absent.D.umbra can be distinguished from D.rugosus by the xanthic posterolateral corners of the mesoscutum. This species differs from D.hamatus and D.striatus by the punctate mesoscutum.umbra is from the Latin word for shadow or shade, referring to the dark color. This epithet is treated as a noun.The name Tanzania (Uluguru Mts.).Holotype, female: Tanzania: Uluguru Mts. Lupanga, East, 1300m; OSUC 875037 (CNCI). Paratypes. Tanzania: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC 875038-875039 (CNCI).There were a few specimens that did not fit into these species descriptions. We have chosen to not formally describe them because all were male and only 1\u20132 specimens were available.Unknown 1Material examined. Madagascar: 1 male, CASENT2042862 (CAS).D.indicus, but it lacks a central keel and submedian carinae on the frons.Diagnosis. This specimen has an anteriorly produced IAP, similar to Unknown 2Material examined. India: 2 males, OSUC 875042, OSUC 875043 (CNCI).Diagnosis. These specimens have a curved carina in the shape of an inverted \u201cU\u201d present on the frons. It appears to join the facial striae anteriorly. Submedian carinae are present, and there is a blunt medial projection on the mesoscutellum. The specimens were collected in southern India, Tamil Nadu state (Coimbatore and the Anaimlai Hills)."}
{"text": "P. aeruginosa (PSA).Infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens are increasingly problematic in healthcare settings and are associated with worse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. We conducted a multicenter real-world evaluation of culture turn-around time (TAT), associated inadequate empiric (IET) and definitive therapy (IDT) in carbapenem susceptible (Carb-S) and non-susceptible (Carb-NS) Enterobacterales (ENT) and Hospitalized adults (\u2265 18 years old) with facility reported antibiotic susceptibility from 2018-2022 across 161 facilities  were identified for non-contaminant Carb-S/Carb-NS ENT and PSA across respiratory, blood, urine, intra-abdominal, skin/wound, and other sources. We evaluated antibacterial therapy as IET (prior to first susceptibility result) and IDT (48hrs post first susceptibility result & not discharged) by culture TAT (date/time first susceptibility results \u2013 date/time culture collection).Figure 2) and overall IDT was 25.2% and 26.0% in Carb-NS ENT and Carb-NS PSA, respectively. Median time to positive susceptibility result was longer in Carb-NS ENT vs. Carb-S ENT (67 vs. 53 hrs) and longer in Carb-NS PSA vs. Carb-S PSA (68 vs. 62 hrs) .We identified 345,245 ENT of which 1.8%  were Carb-NS and 60,143 PSA of which 17.2%  were Carb-NS. IDT was lower than IET in Carb-S ENT (12.9% vs. 5.1%), Carb-NS ENT (53.5% vs. 25.2%), Carb-S PSA (28.4% vs. 11.0%), and Carb-NS PSA (53.5% vs. 26.0%) pathogen results. IDT was also lower than IET at each 12-hour increment of availability of susceptibility results (There was a reduction in inadequate therapy prescribed once cultures were available (IET to IDT) overall and across each of the 12-hr TAT to susceptibility results periods evaluated in Carb-S and Carb-NS ENT and PSA positive cases. Both IET and IDT were higher in patients with either Carb-NS ENT or Carb-NS PSA than Carb-S patients. However, more than 25% of patients with Carb-NS ENT/PSA were prescribed IDT within 48 hours of a susceptibility result. These data support efforts to improve TAT to susceptibility results and can inform protocols and workflow that guide empiric and definitive therapy.Todd Riccobene, PhD, AbbVie: Employee salary|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds ChinEn Ai, MPH, Becton, Dickinson and Company: Employee Kalvin Yu, MD, FIDSA, BD: Stocks/Bonds Sara Gregory, PhD, Becton, Dickinson and Company: Employee John L. Lock, PharmD, AbbVie: Employee|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds Brooke Kim, RN, BSN, MSM, AbbVie: Employee|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds Vikas Gupta, PharmD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD): Employee of BD|Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD): Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "VitB5 level becomes limiting in sarcomas. It is regulated by the pantetheinase activity of VNN1. VNN1 expression in sarcomas is associated with better prognosis and immune infiltration. In mice, complementation with pantethine, a vitB5 precursor, boosts antitumor immunity. PMID: 37833072.Article: Miallot R, Millet V, Roger A, Fenouil R, Tardivel C, Martin J-C, Tranchida F, Shintu L, Berchard P, Sousa Lanza J, Malissen B, Henri S, Ugolini S, Dutour A, Finetti P, Bertucci F, Blay J-Y, Galland F, Naquet P (2023 Oct 13) The coenzyme A precursor pantethine enhances anti-tumor immunity in sarcoma. Life Sci Alliance 6(12): e202302200. doi: This revised version of our article adds Fabrice TRANCHIDA as a coauthor. His name was inadvertently omitted from the original version. Fabrice Tranchida performed the analysis of the NMR data."}
{"text": "The activity of ISC and other azoles against non-AFM and cryAsp causing IA worldwide was evaluated.Isavuconazole (ISC) is considered first-line therapy for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA). There is limited data on antifungal susceptibility testing of clinically relevant non-n=161; 17 centers), North America , Asia-Pacific , and Latin America . Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and/or ITS/\u03b2-tubulin sequencing and tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CLSI epidemiological cut-off values were applied, where available.A total of 390 non-AFM, including 63 cryAsp isolates, were collected (1/patient) in 2017\u20132021 from 41 medical centers located in Europe , Terrei , Nidulans , Versicolores , and Circumdati . Similar activity was displayed by other azoles against those Aspergillus sections. Most of the isolates from A. sections Fumigati (n=9), Nigri (n=146), and Usti (n=12) exhibited elevated MIC values to ISC , VRC , ITC , and PSC , respectively. The activity of ISC and other azoles against cryAsp, A. niger and A. terreus, when identified to the species level, are listed in the Table. ISC was active  against A. parasiticus, A. tamarii, A. nomius, A. nidulans, A. unguis, A. terreus, A. alabamensis, and A. hortai, while ISC MIC values between 2\u20138 mg/L were observed against cryAsp from A. section Fumigati. ISC inhibited 96.1% of A. niger and 80.0% of A. tubingensis at \u2264 4 mg/L, the CLSI wildtype cut-off value for A. niger. VRC, ITC, and PSC showed similar activity to ISC against most cryAsp.ISC showed activity against in vitro activity against non-AFM, including cryAsp. However, the activity of ISC and other azoles vary among and within cryAsp species. Susceptibility testing is critical to guide treatment of cryAsp causing IA.ISC exhibited potent Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Paul Rhomberg, BS, MT(ASCP), bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Valerie Kantro, BA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Beth Hatch, BS, MT(ASCP), Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "In a world where insects and notably bees are declining, assessing their distribution over time and space is crucial to evaluate species status and highlight conservation priorities. However, this can be a daunting task, especially in areas such as tropical oceanic islands where exhaustive samplings over time have been lacking. This is the case in New Caledonia, an archipelago located in the southwest Pacific. Historical records of bee species are piecemeal and, although contemporary samplings have significantly advanced our knowledge of the bee fauna of New Caledonia, the status of several species remains to be elucidated.Hylaeusalbonitens). We consider here that 30 species are effectively present on the territory and the presence of 21 species could not be determined due to a lack of data, which highlights the need to increase sampling efforts across New Caledonia. Given the difficulty of exhaustively sampling the entire archipelago, we would recommend taking, as a starting point, altitude environments and areas where data-deficient species were captured. In a broader perspective, biomolecular analyses are crucial to confirm species identifications. This is also needed to make comparisons between archipelagoes and thus clarify the distribution and status of species at the scale of the southwest Pacific.Here, we provide an updated checklist of the 51 bee species recorded for New Caledonia using previous publications and personal samplings. We documented their distribution, origin  and the year and location of their occurrences. Based on the year of their first capture and the year of their last capture, we determined an occurrence status for each species. Thus, 10 years after the last checklist of the New Caledonian bee fauna, the literature review and recent samplings allowed us to add six new species to the list. Half of them are recently introduced species including one firstly mentioned in this paper (i.e.  Insects and notably bees are declining worldwide . For 50 Squamata; New Caledonia is located in the southwest Pacific. This French overseas archipelago is part of the Australasian biogeographic realm. Historically, the archipelago went through a total submersion event between 75 and 60 Mya and likely at least a partial submersion event between 34 and 25 Mya  and has th century to the middle of the 20th century, very few mentions and descriptions of bees were published for New Caledonia . This is why, in this paper, we provide an updated checklist of the bee fauna of New Caledonia. We provide their status, distribution and main synonymies. We also provide every occurrence (date and location) found in the literature and in our samplings, together with a comprehensive list of the plant species they visit.For the last ten years, we have realised three bee sampling campaigns and opportunistic captures in several localities through New Caledonia e.g.  and we fThe checklist provided here results from: i) a review of existing literature and ii) additional data from recent field samplings.https://inpn.mnhn.fr) taxonomic repository TaxRef (Lasioglossuminstabilis (Cockerell 1914) in the publications reviewed . Therefore, this species appears as L.instabile in this checklist. We also systematically verified species distribution outside New Caledonia using GBIF  and completed the information based on our own expertise . We noted every country in which each species has been observed.Reviewed publications were retrieved from three methods. First, we retrieved 15 publications from GoogleScholar using the key words \u201cNew Caledonia\u201d and \u201cbees\u201d. Then, eight were retrieved from the personal library of H. Jourdan. Finally, we retrieved 14 additional publications of interest  cited in the former publications. In total, we scanned 37 publications. Amongst them, 23 were of interest and used in this work . Each transect was walked for 25 min during which bees interacting with flowers were captured using nets. In addition, in each site, 16 pan traps  were distributed during 48 h.The second dataset comes from a sampling conducted in 2019, from February to April, in Noum\u00e9a and the Tontouta Valley. Noum\u00e9a is the main city of the archipelago, with 99,926 inhabitants for an area of 45.7 km\u00b2. Within the city, three sites were sampled, separated by at least 3 km. These three sites were: (i) the park of the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement); (ii) the Parc Zoologique et Forestier Michel Corbasson and (iii) the Tjibaou Cultural Centre. The Tontouta Valley is located 30 km north of Noum\u00e9a. Within the Tontouta Valley, three sites were sampled, separated by at least 3 km. In each site, the plant species presenting the most abundant floral resources were sampled. Depending on the number of available flowering species, up to four plant species were observed during each sampling session. For each plant species, bees contacting flowers in a 1 m\u00b2 quadrat were captured using nets during 10 minutes. In total, each Tontouta Valley site was sampled 10 times and each Noum\u00e9a site 11 times.The third dataset comes from a sampling realised in 2022, from March to June, in 14 sites along an urbanisation gradient running from Noum\u00e9a to the Col de Mouirange  or \"data deficient\" if individuals were captured in only one year.Megachilealbomarginata was mentioned as endemic to New Caledonia in M.albomarginata appears as native to New Caledonia in the present checklist. Species present elsewhere than in New Caledonia without any mention of an alien origin in the archipelago were categorised as native. Then, native species only present in New Caledonia were categorised as endemic here. Finally, for alien species, we used the definition given by Information on the distribution of species was used to determine or correct species origin status. Indeed, for most of the species listed here, their status does not appear in the reviewed publications or may not be valid anymore. For example, Species for which taxonomic validity and/or for which effective presence in New Caledonia could not be acknowledged with a high degree of confidence (i.e. undetermined species and data-deficient species) are indicated by an asterisk in the checklist.33767012-8211-5949-A67C-B849DB0D5017Anthophoraholmesi Rayment, 1947;Anthophoraparapulchra Rayment, 1947;Anthophoraperpulchrawallaciella Rayment, 1947;Anthophorapulchratownleyella Rayment, 1947;Anthophorapulchra Smith, 1854;Anthophorasalteri Cockerell, 1905;Anthophorashafferyella Rayment, 1947;Amegillaholmesi ;Amegillaparapulchra ;Amegillasalteri ;Amegillashafferyella ;Amegillatownleyella ;Amegillawallaciella Acanthaceae: Ruelliasimplex ; Apocynaceae: Neriumoleander ; Convolvulaceae: Evolvulus sp. , Ipomoea sp. ; Lamiaceae: Plectranthus sp. ; Lythraceae: Cuphea sp. ; Rubiaceae: Hameliapatens , Rutaceae: Murrayapaniculata ; Solanaceae: Solanumlycopersicum , Solanumtorvum ; Verbenaceae: Stachytarphetacayennensis , Durantaerecta  (new records).AlienZonamegilla - Popov, 1950 - is mostly present in Australia .L., 1758333D2C5F-A182-5FC3-9A32-C7B53753D591A large range of endemic, native and alien plants (including invasive ones).AlienCosmopolitan subspecies. Ubiquitous in New Caledonia, but absent from Belep Islands and Tiga.Apismelliferamellifera was first introduced in 1848 from France by priests on Lifu Island for the production of wax candles. It subsequently spread to the mainland and the Isle of Pines in 1853, as well as to Mar\u00e9 during the same period .AlienCosmopolitan subspecies. Ubiquitous in New Caleodnia, but absent from Belep islands and Tiga.Apismelliferaligustica was introduced periodically by the end of the 19th and the beginning of 20th centuries on the mainland as mentioned by 6891C0BC-927B-5097-AD7D-A3ED465FAA49Allodapepuangensis Cockerell, 1929Anacardiaceae: Schinusaroeira (ex. Schinusterebinthifolius) ; Araliaceae: Polysciasscutellaria ; Asteraceae: Sphagneticolatrilobata ; Lamiaceae: Ocimumbasilicum , Plectranthus sp. ; Lythraceae: Cuphea sp. ; Portulacaceae: Portulacaumbraticola ; Rubiaceae: Hameliapatens ; Solanaceae: Solanumtorvum ; Verbenaceae: Clerodendrumugandense , Durantaerecta , Stachytarphetacayennensis  (new records).AlienNative range: India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand. Alien range: Fiji , French Historical data in New Caledonia: Noum\u00e9a: Anse Vata, IRD park, 16 Mar 2019, one female; 19 Mar 2019, one female; 21 Mar 2019, one male; 23 Mar 2019, one individual; 2 Apr 2019, two females; 10 Apr 2019, two females. Rivi\u00e8re Sal\u00e9e, 16 Mar 2022, two individuals; Tuband, 16 Mar 2022, one individual. Mus\u00e9e de la Ville, 18 Mar 2022, two individuals; 24 Mar 2022, one individual; 27 Apr 2022, three individuals. Magenta Tours, 29 Mar 2022, four individuals; 31 Mar 2022, one individual. Dumb\u00e9a: RM 15, P\u00e9pini\u00e8re Botanea, 05 Feb 2020. Four females. Mont Dore: Saint Michel, 20 Apr 2022, four individuals; Vallon Dore, 20 Apr 2022, seven individuals; 21 Apr 2022, one individual; La Conception, 23 Mar 2022, one individual .This species was first detected in New Caledonia in 2019 . This caFriese, 191483AB15DF-4F6F-562A-961A-8C9147802AC2Verbenaceae: Stachytarphetaaustralis , S.cayennensis  ; Goodeniaceae: Scaevolasericea (native); Lythraceae: Cuphea sp. ; Passifloraceae: Turneraulmifolia ; Portulacaceae: Portulacaumbraticola , Tribulusrepens  (new records).  ; EuphorbAlien. This species is known to have been introduced in the southWest Pacific .Native range: Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Ta\u00efwan, Thailand. Alien range: Hawaii, Cook islands, French Polynesia, Mauritius, Vanuatu, Solomon, Fiji, Samoa .Historical data in New Caledonia: 16 km SE La Foa, 20-22 Dec 1991, one female. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, three females . Tiga, 9This carpenter bee nests in twigs. Several individuals may be observed in the same tunnel ; Dilleniaceae: Hibbertiaheterotricha (native), Hibbertiapulchella (native), Hibertia sp. (native); Myrtaceae: Syzygiumquadrangulare (native) ((native) .Historical data in New Caledonia: Mont Koghi, 4-6 Oct 1967, one male. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, five females, no location .Euhesma sp. indet. One in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named No precise location in AB222A96-D4BD-5081-B035-D5D43A021834Sapindaceae: Litchichinensis   .Historical data in New Caledonia: 3 Jul 1980, one male and one female. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one male and one female, no location .Euryglossina sp. indet. One in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named 45313935-CA31-56DB-9672-DD4387D39E0EHistorical data in New Caledonia: Thio: For\u00eat de Sailles, 9 Dec 2001, two females .Euryglossina sp. indet. Two in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.*066A2B2A-384F-575E-BDF2-7C802C07B7A0Prosopisalbonitens Cockerell, 1905;Prosopisalbipes , 1924Myrtaceae: Callistemon sp.  (new record).AlienNative range: Australia.Alien range: Hawaii.Historical data in New Caledonia: Voh, near the cemetary, 8 Dec 2022, one male and three females .Hylaeus morphospecies .This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.*3B085567-0D43-54AB-9B35-C4C8047F7C50Historical data in New Caledonia: Port Laguerre, 11 Apr 2001, one female .Hylaeus sp. indet. Two in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.43C5E9A4-B922-5458-A6AB-17914D71896EHistorical data in New Caledonia: Thio: For\u00eat de Sailles, 3 Dec 2001, one female .Hylaeus sp. indet. Three in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.Michener, 1965C33B2348-9BEE-5700-B85F-153CD6B6B754Araliaceae: Myodocarpusfraxinifolius (native); Celastraceae: Peripterygiamarginata (native) ((native) .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Nepoui Valley, Jul 1940, one male . Dec 197This species has been recorded in forested or maquis areas including in altitudes (up to 900 m). The recorded host plants and known localities are restricted to ultramafic substrates.7410FDBC-E7BD-5249-8827-49319DB716C8Leioproctus sp. indet. Two in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named Occurrences: Mont Khogis, 1 Nov 1992, one male , Schinusaoeira ; Arecaceae: Cocosnucifera ; Combretaceae: Terminalia catappa ; Elaeocarpaceae: Elaeocarpusangustifolius (native); Hernandiceae: Hernandianymphaeifolia (native), Hernandiaovigera (native)  (Schinusaroeira (ex. Schinusterebinthifolius) ; Araliaceae: Polysciasscutellaria ; Rubiaceae: Hameliapatens  (new records).(native) ; Hernand  ; AnacardLikely alien. Donovan (1983) hypothesised that this species could be alien because individuals were captured in a few localities in the vincinity of Noumea, suggesting a recent establishment.Australia.Historical data in New Caledonia: Noum\u00e9a, 27 May 1977, three males and two females . Noum\u00e9a,The alien status remains to be confirmed.C2FD8619-1847-5B81-B6AC-72F70C95476ELipotrichescheesmanae ;Nomiacheesmanae Michener, 1965;Nomianuda Cheesman, 1953Myoporaceae: Myoporumcrassifolium (native)  (new record).(native) ; ArecaceEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Lifou, Cap des Pins, 18 Nov 1949-18 jan. 1950, one female. Lifou, We, 30-31 Jan 1962, one female; Feb 1962, two males; 16-18 Feb 1963, two males and 3 females. Ouvea, Fayaou\u00e9, Jan 1969, two males. Mar\u00e9, 13 Nov 2002, one female. Lifou, 2006, four females. Lifou, Koumo, 7 Dec 2006, two males and two females . Lifou, Donovan, Pauly & Munzinger, 20133EB95212-A459-555D-B968-AFD263E58372Sennaoccidentalis   (new records).  ; Senna senna sp. ; PolygonEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one female . Mt Do, Donovan, Pauly & Munzinger, 201340B5CBF9-F35F-5138-BC00-7BBCF3076527NativeVanuatuHistorical data in New Caledonia: Lifou, Cap des Pins, 18 Nov 1949-18 Jan 1950, two males. Lifou, We, 30-31 Jan 1962, 32 females; Feb 1962, two males and five females; 16-18 Feb 1963, two females; 1 Aug 2003, two females. Ouvea, Fayaoue, Feb 1963, one female. Lifou, 26-27 Mar 1968, one female . Mt Koghis, 17 km NE Noum\u00e9a, 22 Dec 1992, one male AF51F60E-F75D-58D2-8F06-5270379007A5Nomiasicheli Vachal, 1897;Nomiawilmattae Cockerell, 1929Polysciaspancheri (Melastomataceae: Melastomadenticulatum (native); Violaceae: Agatealongipedicellata (native); Babingtonia sp., Myoporumcrassifolium, Poinsettia sp., Eugenia sp., Scaevola sp., Stypheliapancheri (native) (Pauly & Muzinger 2003); Anacardiaceae: Schinusterebinthifolia ; Apocynaceae: Parsonsiacrebriflora (native); Araliaceae: Polysciassessiliflora (native), Polyscias sp. (native), unknown (native); Asteraceae: Ageratumconyzoides ; Celastraceae: Peripterygiamarginata (native); Combretaceae: Lumnitzeraracemosa (native); Connaraceae: unknown (native); Cunoniaceae: Codiadiscolor (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertiabouletii (native), Hibbertialucens (native), Hibbertiapancheri (native), Hibbertiapulchella (native), Hibbertia sp. (native); Ericaceae: Dracophyllumverticillatum (native), Stypheliacf.cymbulae (native); Escalloniaceae: Argophyllummontanum (native); NA: Cassiafistula (native), Cassia sp. (native), Storckiellapancheri (native), Storckiella sp. (native); Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia sp. ; Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (native), Scaevolacylindrica (native), Scaevolaerosa (native), Scaevolamontana (native); Joinvilleaceae: Joinvillea sp. (native); Lamiaceae: Mentha sp. ; Loganiaceae: Geniostomadensiflorum (native); Malpighiaceae: Tristellateiaaustralasiae (native); Melastomataceae: Melastomamalabathricum (native); Mimosaceae: Acaciaspirorbis (native); Leucaenaleucocephala , Mimosadiplotricha ; Myodocarpaceae: Myodocarpusfraxinifolius (native); Myrsinaceae: Tapeinospermaoblongifolium (native); Myrtaceae: Cloeziaartensis (native), Cloezia sp. (native), Melaleucagnidioides (native), Melaleucaquinquenervia (native), Myrtastrumrufopunctatum (native), Myrtus sp. (native), Psidiumguajava , Sannanthaleratii (native), Sannantha sp. (native), Syzygiumjambolanum , Syzygiumlateriflorum (native), Syzygiumquadrangulare (native), Tristaniopsiscalobuxus (native), Tristaniopsisglauca (native), Tristaniopsisvieillardii (native), Uromyrtusemarginata (native), unknown 1 (native), unknown 2 (native); Phrymaceae: Mimulus sp. ; Proteaceae: Grevilleaexul (native), Stenocarpusmilnei (native), Stenocarpusumbelliferus (native), Stenocarpus sp. (native); Rhamnaceae: Alphitonianeocaledonica (native); Rubiaceae: Normandianeocaledonica (native); Sapindaceae: Guioavillosa (native), Litchichinensis , Storthocalyxpancheri (native); Sennaoccidentalis ; Solanaceae: Solanumtorvum , unknown ; Verbenaceae: Stachytarphetaindica ; Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp. .pancheri ; Melastomoea sp. ; AntigonEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Noum\u00e9a, 23 Jan 1914. Baie Ngo, 10 Feb 1914. Baie Ouemo, 28 Mar 1914 . Plum FaA01BB4E6-D992-584D-A16A-9D7802F7B045Amaranthaceae: Achyranthesaspera ; Anacardiaceae: Schinusterebinthifolia ; Araliaceae: Polyscias sp. (native); Asteraceae: Bidenspilosa , Blumealacera (native), Conyza sp. , Calendula sp. , Emiliasonchifolia , Tridaxprocumbens , Tridax sp. , Youngiajaponica ; Brassicaceae: Lepidiumvirginicum ; Caesalpiniaceae: Crotalaria sp. ; Cunoniaceae: Geissois sp. (native), Pancheriabillardierei (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertiadeplancheana (native), Hibbertialucens (native), Hibbertiapodocarpifolia (native), Hibbertiapulchella (native), Hibbertiatontoutensis (native), Hibbertia sp. (native); Ericaceae: Stypheliacf.cymbulae (native); Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbiahypericifolia , Euphorbialophogona , unknown (native); Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (native), Scaevolamontana (native), Scaevola sp. (native); Loganiaceae: Geniostomadensiflora (native); Malpighiaceae: Acridocarpusaustrocaledonicus (native); Malvaceae: Sidaacuta , Sidarhombifolia ; Mimosaceae: Acaciaspirorbis (native), Leucaenaleucocephala , Mimosadiplotricha ; Myrtaceae: Melaleucaquinquenervia (native), Metrosiderosoperculata (native), Sannanthaleratii (native), Sannanthavirgata (native), Xanthostemon sp. (native); Onagraceae: Bougainvillea sp. , Ludwigiaoctovalvis (native); Orchidaceae: Eriaxisrigida (native); Papaveraceae: Argemonemexicana ; Proteaceae: Stenocarpusphyllodineus (native); Rubiaceae: Normandianeocaledonica (native); Sapotaceae: Leptostylispetiolata (native); Solanaceae: Solanumlycopersicum , Solanumtorvum , Solanum sp. ; Tiliaceae: Corchorus sp. (native); Verbenaceae: Durantaerecta , Stachytarphetaindica , Verbena sp. ; Violaceae: Agatealongipedicellata (native); Zygophyllaceae: Tribuluscistoides   .NativeVanuatuThis bee appears as the most common native bee in New Caledonia. It has been observed in a wide range of habitats  in the whole archipelago.Homalictusurbanus from Australia; H.aponi is a different species from H.urbanus and we confirm its status as a native species from Vanuatu and New Caledonia.Potential confusion with Pauly & Munzinger, 2003BED028E5-BAFC-5500-8EE6-720A83437399Schinusaroeira (ex. Schinusterebinthifolius) ; Araliaceae: Meryta sp. (native); Arecaceae: Cocosnucifera; Schinusaoeira; Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia sp. ; Verbenaceae: Verbena sp.  (Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia sp. (ex. Poinsettia sp.)  ; Malvaceae: Hibiscustiliaceus (native)  (new record).Anacardiceae:   ; Euphorb  ; Araliac(native) ; EuphorbEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Saint Louis, 17 Aug 1940, one female . Ile desDonovan & Pauly, 20150C4316C2-A0AE-519B-8494-2E7DAD2D0438Asteraceae: undetermined species ; Cunoniaceae: Pancheriarobusta (endemic); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertialucens (native), Hibbertiatrachyphylla (native); Ericaceae: Dracophylluminvolucratum (endemic); Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (endemic); Loganiaceae: Geniostomadensiflorum (endemic); Myrtaceae: Metrosiderosoperculata (native), Metrosideros punctata (endemic); Rubiaceae: Normandianeocaledonica (endemic), Psychotria rupicola (endemic); Rutaceae: Zanthoxyllum sp. (endemic) (Ericaceae: Dracophyllumverticillatum (endemic), Stypheliacfcymbulae (endemic); Melastomataceae: Melastomamalabathricum (ex. Melastomadenticulatum) (native) (Goodeniaceae: Scaevolamontana (endemic) (new records).endemic) ; Ericace(native) ; GoodeniEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Mt Pani\u00e9, 8-9 Feb 1963, two males and three females. Rivi\u00e8re Bleue, 14 Nov 1963, one female. Tchambouenne 7 km S, 28 Jan 1964, one female. Mt Koghi, 23-27 Oct 1967, one male. W. of Ponerihouen, 31 Jul 1971, one female. Dumbea, 19 Dec 1979, one female. Montagne des sources, 29 Dec 1979, three males and one female. Mont Dzumac, 11 Oct 1980, one female. Montagne des Sources, 22 Oct 1980, one female. Montagne des Sources, 25 Oct 1980, seven females. Koum Riv., 23 Nov 2001, one female. Haute Vall\u00e9e de la Ni, 23 Oct 2004, one male and one female. Col de Yat\u00e9, 14 Nov 2004, one male. Vall\u00e9e de la Tchamba, 26 Jul 2005, one male. Prony, 21 Aug 2005, one female. Haute Ku\u00e9buni, 25 Mar 2007, one female. Boulinda, 2 Sep 2009, one female. Aoupini\u00e9, 3 Sep 2010, one female . Dec 197This species has been observed in forested areas, on ultramafic subtrates, but also volcano sedimentary substrates, mostly in altitudes (> 500 m).Pauly & Donovan, 2015D6A20CF6-E727-554F-BF92-D72A5A193568Arecaceae: Cocosnucifera ; Boraginaceae: Heliotropiumfoertherianum (ex. Argusiaargentea) (native); Myrtaceae: Sannanthaleratii (native) ((native) .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one male and two females. Mou, 25 Dec 1979, three females. Houailou, 25 Dec 1979, one male . Yat\u00e9, gAccording to known host plant species, this species was observed on south and east coastal habitats on calcareous uplifted reefs.Donovan & Pauly, 2015*86CB60EB-D4F7-5388-8C1D-3AE2EB003886EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Hiengh\u00e8ne, 25 Nov 1958, two females  forested areas on ultramafic substrates.Occurrence status: data deficient.Donovan & Pauly, 2015CCF18768-9A41-5571-82F2-F4CCB74A920AAraliaceae: Polysciassessiliflora (endemic), Scheffleravieillardii (endemic); Arecaceae: Cyphokentiacerifera (endemic); Cunoniaceae: Cunoniabalansae (endemic), Geissoisracemosa (endemic); Myrtaceae: Metrosideros sp. (endemic) (Myrtaceae: Longetiabuxoides (endemic) , Myrtacebuxoides .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Mt Koghi, Dec 1963, one female. Yiambi, NE, 14 Oct 1967, one female. Mts des Koghis, Jan 1969, one female. Col des Roussettes, 3 Feb 1971, one female. Mt Dzumac, 24 Feb 1980, three females (including holotype). Mandjelia Forest, 12 Apr 1980, one female. Mt Khogis, 25 Jan 1996, . Kaala, 8 Dec 2000, six females. Col d\u2019Amos, 16 Nov 2002, one female. Dzumac, 27 Oct 2004, one female. For\u00eat Nord, 4 Jan 2005, one female. Pon\u00e9rihouen, for\u00eat de l'Aoupini\u00e9, 12-24 Jan 2006, five females. Sarram\u00e9a, for\u00eat du col d'Amieu, 14-27 Jan 2006, one female. Plateau de Boakaine, 27 Feb 2013, two females .Donovan & Pauly, 20153AAE6D6E-7FE1-544F-9135-97D090C91133Asteraceae: Argeratum sp. ; Araliaceae: Polysciassessiliflora (endemic), Polyscias sp. (endemic); Myodocarpaceae: Myodocarpus sp. (endemic); Rhamnaceae: Alphitonianeocaledonica (endemic); Sapindaceae: Guioavillosa (endemic), Litchichinensis   .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Thi River Valley, 6 Nov 1940, one female. Mt Koghi, 1 Feb 1961, one female; 8 Oct 1969, four females. Mt Dzumac, 24 Feb 1980, one female. Thy Valley, 18 Jun 1980, one female; 3 Jul 1980, one female; 5 May 1981, five females (including holotype). Col de Mouirange, 10 Oct 1980, one female. Mts Koghis, Auberge, 23 Jul 2003, one female. Houailou, 30 Jul 2003, one female (paratypes). Haute Vall\u00e9e de la Ni, 29 Apr 2004, one female. Piste Ni-Dzumacs, 7 May 2004, one female . Dec 197This species has been observed in ultramafic substrates in both maquis and forested areas.Donovan & Pauly, 2015998254E4-3323-5662-A67D-B581D7AE4C74EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Col des Roussettes, 4-6 Feb 1963, one female (holotype). Mt Dzumac, 11 Oct 1980, one female .BF294F69-A376-5778-B445-E6537C4B187AHalictuscrotalariae Cockerell, 1929;Halictusrisbeci Cockerell, 1929Crotalaria sp.  (Cockerell 1929); Araliaceae: Polysciassessiliflora (native), Polyscias sp. (native), unknown (native); Asteraceae: Blumealacera (native); Cunoniaceae: Geissois sp. (native), Pancheriaalaternoides (native), Pancheriabillardierei (native), Pancheriaphylliraeoides (native), Pancheria sp. (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertialucens (native), Hibbertiapancheri (native), Hibbertia sp. (native); Ericaceae: Dracophyllumverticillatum (native); Acaciaspirorbis (native); Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (native), Scaevolacylindrica (native), Scaevolamontana (native), Scaevola sp. (native); Laxmanniaceae: Cordyline sp. (native); Liliaceae: Rhuacophilajavanica (native); Linaceae: Hugoniapenicillanthemum (native); Malpighiaceae: Tristellateiaaustralasiae (native); Malvaceae: Melochiaodorata (native); Melastomataceae: Melastomamalabathricum (native); Myrtaceae: Cloeziafloribunda (native), Melaleucaquinquenervia (native), Metrosiderosoperculata (native), Sannanthaleratii (native), Syzygium sp. (native), Tristaniopsiscalobuxus (native); Onagraceae: Ludwigiaoctovalvis (native); Proteaceae: Grevillea sp. (native), Stenocarpusphyllodineus (native); Rhizophoraceae: Rhizophoraapiculata (native); Rubiceae: Normandianeocaledonica (native); Sapindaceae: Cupaniopsismyrmoctona (native), Guioavillosa (native); Surianaceae: Surianamaritima (native); Asteraceae: Cosmossulphureus ; Brassicaceae: Brassica sp. ; Cassiafistula ; Leucaenaleucocephala ; Mimosadiplotricha ; Lythraceae: Lagerstroemiaindica ; Rutaceae: Citrus sp. ; Verbenaceae: Stachytarpheta sp.  .  ; Babingtaleratii , AryteraEndemicThis species is widespread in the archipelago and has a broad range of host plants, including endemic, native and alien species. It can be found from low to high altitudes on both ultramafic and volcano sedimentary substrates.3A26E9C6-E3C1-5EBC-AD44-4130ADC65B4EAlectryoncarinatum, Brassica sp., Eugeniacf.gacognei, Rhizophoraapiculata, Xanthostemon sp. .This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.B1A7EF9B-C867-56BB-AD60-F9C717243239Historical data in New Caledonia: Monts des Koghis, Jan 1969, three males .Homalictus sp. indet. Seven in Donovan et al. (2013).This species is named Occurrence status: data deficient.40AC1A25-35FE-50CF-9B6A-4D294ABF49C4This species is mentioned in Occurrence status: data deficient.Pauly, Walker, Munzinger & Donovan, 201303C5CAE4-5D4E-5EF1-82C7-C4F7C775284DApocynaceae: Parsonsia sp. (endemic); Araliaceae: Polysciasdioica (endemic); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertianana (endemic); Ericaceae: Dracophylluminvolucratum (endemic); Liliaceae: Rhuacophilajavanica (native); Phellinaceae: Phellinelucida (native) (Asphodelaceae: Rhuacophilajavanica (endemic); Phellinaceae: Phellinelucida (endemic); Proteaceae: Beaupreapancheri (endemic)  ; Asphodeendemic) . Accordiarpaceae .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one male and 11 females . Mt OuinThis species has been observed in high altitude (up to 1350 m) maquis and forested areas on ultramafic substrates and high altitude (up to 850 m) forested areas on volcano sedimentary substrate.*4B12AA33-57F6-5A21-943B-4646E122743EHalictuselliottii Rayment, 1929;Lasioglossuminstabilis NativeAustraliaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Mt Koghis, 22 Dec 1992, one male and one female .Occurrence status: data deficient.*2BA27C4D-595E-5E17-8459-0291A2EC8F7EHalictusmitchelli Cockerell, 1906;Halictuslanuginosus Smith, F., 1879NativeAustraliaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Upper Vall\u00e9e La Ni, 2 Nov 1992, two females .Occurrence status: data deficient.C5D5859C-1972-5592-A1AC-AE8A24BD52A0Polygonum sp., Agatealongipedicellata (Schinusterebinthifolius (new records).icellata , SchinusNativeAustraliaThis species was first described from New Caledonia before being discovered in Australia. The status of the three subspecies should be confirmed through molecular analysis.Pauly, Walker, Munzinger & Donovan, 2013191FABCC-A410-5248-98D7-BCFE5BA9351FAraliaceae: Polysciasdioica (native), Polysciassessiliflora (native), Polyscias sp. (native); Asteraceae: Ageratumconyzoides ; Cunoniaceae: Pancheriasebertii (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertianana (native); Elaeocarpaceae: Elaeocarpusdognyensis (native), Elaeocarpusspeciosus (native); Ericaceae: Stypheliacfcymbulae (endemic); Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (endemic); Mimosaceae: Leucaena leucocepala ; Myrtaceae: Syzygiumquadrangulare (native); Sapindaceae: Cupaniopsisoedipoda (endemic), Cupaniopsis sp. (native), Guioavillosa (native), Litchichinensis  ; Ericaceae: Dracophyllumramosum (endemic); Mimosaceae: Leucaenaleucocephala ; Myrtaceae: Syzygiumtetragonum; Phellinaceae: Phellinelucida (endemic); Sapindaceae: Ageratumconyzoides, Elaeocarpusdognyensis, Elaeocarpusspeciosus  ; Araliacpeciosus .NativeAustraliaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Thi River Valley, 8 Nov 1940, one female. Mt Koghi, 28 Nov 1963, one female. Montagne des Sources, 29 Dec 1979, one female; 22 Oct 1980, one female; 25 Oct 1980, two females; 29 Jul 1981, one female. Mt Dzumac, 24 Feb 1980, one female; 4 Dec 2002, three females (including holotype). Thy Valley, 28 May 1980, two females; 18 Jun 1980, 3 females; 3 Jul 1980, six females; 8 Oct 1980, one female; 5 May 1981, 10 females. Thy Valley, Park entrance, 9 Oct 1980, two females. 2 km E Col de Mouirange, 10 Oct 1980, one female. Thy Valley Park, 12 Oct 1980, two females. Mt Koghis, 17 km NNE Noum\u00e9a, 24-26 Dec 1991, one female. Upper La Ni Valley, 2 Nov 1992, one female. Rivi\u00e8re Bleue Provincial Park, Trail to Upper Rivi\u00e8re Bleue, 5-16 Nov 1992, one female. Rivi\u00e8re Bleue, 16-17 Nov 1992, one female. Rivi\u00e8re Bleue Provincial Park, Rivi\u00e8re Bleue road, 20-28 Nov 1992, five females. Province Sud, Mt Ouin, 2 Dec 2000, one female. Mont Koghis, 4 Nov 2002, one female. Piste Ni-Dzumac, 7 May 2004, one male. Konguaoulou Nord, 27 Sep 2004, one female. Haute-Ni, 23 Oct 2004, two females; 25 Oct 2004, two females. Goro, embouchure de la Ku\u00e9buni, 14 Oct 2005, two females. Mont Koghis, 13 Jan 2007, one female . Dec 197This species was observed in forested areas on ultramafic substrates including in high altitude (> 500 m).Pauly & Munzinger, 200367CB3956-389B-5D39-8BAC-8283566D5F87Verbenaceae: Lantana sp.  (Pauly & Muzinger 2003); Araliaceae: Polysciasdioica (native); Arecaceae: Cyphokentiacerifera (endemic); Cunoniaceae: Geissoisracemosa (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertialucens (native); Ericaceae: Dracophyllumramosum (native); Melastomaceae: Melastomamalabathricum (native); Myrtaceae: Myrtastrumrufo-punctatum (endemic); Phellinaceae: Phellinelucida (native); Sapindaceae: Litchichinensis  (Sapindaceae: Litchichinensis (ailen)  ; Sapinda (ailen) .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Col d\u2019Amieu, 21 Jul 1977, three females . Thy ValThis species has been observed in forested areas on both utramafic and volcano sedimentary substrates, with altitudes ranging from 5 to 1100 m.8CF7938C-EEE4-50BB-BC62-F32F38756B3AAsteraceae: Blumealacera (native); Elaeocarpaceae: Elaeocarpusangustifolius (native); Malvaceae: Sidaacuta ; Polygonaceae: Antigononleptopus , Polygonum sp. ; Solanaceae: Solanumtorvum ; Violaceae: Agatealongipedicellata (endemic) (endemic) .NativeAustraliaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Bourail, 27 May 1927, one female; 1929, one female. Prony, 10 Feb 1999, one female . Dec 197Pauly, Walker, Munzinger & Donovan, 2013D35FCB57-E90E-522A-9CDC-3251AA16E47AMelastomataceae: Melastomamalabathricum (native) ((native) .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one male and one female . Vall\u00e9e This species has been observed in forested areas mostly in altitudes (> 500 m), on volcano-sedimentary substrates.Pauly, Walker, Munzinger & Donovan, 2013*834093E3-78EB-5D64-AA75-9F4B567E7344EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Ni Valley, 2 Nov 1992, one female (holotype). Mt Koghis, 22 Dec 1992, one male  (endemic) .EndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one female . PlateauThis species has been observed in forested areas on both volcano-sedimenatry and ultramafic substrates, mostly in altitudes 400-1000 m.*4D3E988C-0F49-5AF1-B9E9-2C04E108F990NativeAustraliaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Mont Kogis, 30 Oct 1992, one female .Occurrence status: data deficient.6755B673-BDCB-5D40-8E57-D5EE845F0EB4Lithurgusalbofimbriatusfroggatti Cockerell, 1914;Lithurgusalbofimbriatus Sichel, 1867;Lithurgusguamensis Cockerell, 1914;Megachilescabrosus Smith, 1859Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp. (native) (Ipomoeapescaprae (native) (Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp. ((native) , Ipomoea(native) ; Convolvmoea sp. .Likely alien. Pauly & Villemant (2009) hypothesised that this species could have been accidentally introduced.Native range: Indonesia, Malaysia.Alien range: Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawa\u00ef, Micronesia, northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu.Historical data in New Caledonia: Noum\u00e9a, Jul 1900. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, three males and four females . BourailSmith, 18534A8D36B4-FBAE-5861-88F5-FB1520314C95Megachilegadara Cameron, 1903;Megachilemcgregori Cockerell, 1918;Megachilemetallescens Cockerell, 1918;Megachileotriades Cameron, 1902;Megachilepenangensis Cockerell, 1918;Megachilerobbii Ashmead, 1904;Megachilesemperi Friese, 1905;Megachilesubignita Cockerell, 1918;Megachilevaridens Cameron, 1905;Megachilecaecina Cameron, 1903;Megachilecinyras Cameron, 1902Durantarepens (Convolvulaceae: Ipomoeapes-caprae (native); Myrtaceae: Sannanthapinifolia (native); Verbenaceae: Durantaerecta  .tarepens ; Convolv  ; AntigonLikely alien. Pauly & Munzinger (2003) hypothesised that this species could be alien because it was captured in Noumea, while visiting an alien plant species.Native range: India to Malaysia, Nepal, Vietnam.Alien rage: Singapore, Maldives, South Africa (remains to be confirmed), widely distributed in the Pacific Region .Historical data in New Caledonia: Noum\u00e9a, Jul 1957, one female. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, one male and one female . Noum\u00e9a,Cheesman, 1936*7388E0AF-FB5B-59FF-9A0A-C9792713EA05Chalicodomarambutwan NativeVanuatuHistorical data in New Caledonia: Noum\u00e9a, Aug 1900, one male .Occurrence status: data deficient.Smith, 1853F11A78C7-F708-56FF-A8C9-8F8794B47C81Megachiledomesticum Perkins, 1899;Megachilelerma Cameron, 1908;Megachileschauinslandi Alfken, 1898;Megachileumbripennisvar.atriventris Friese, 1903;Chalicodomaumbripenne ;Megachileaureobasis Cockerell, 1919.Durantarepens ; Polygonaceae: Antigononleptotus ; Protaceae: Stenocarpus sp. (native); Cytisuscajan   .Likely alien. Pauly & Munzinger (2003) hypothesised that this species could be alien because it was captured in Noumea, while visiting an alien plant species.Native range: China, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Laos.Alien range: United States, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, many Pacific islands including Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, northern Mariana Islands, Tonga, Hawaii .Historical data in New Caledonia: Dec. 1979-Sep 2008, eight males and two females. Noumea, 15 Oct 1980, two females . Noum\u00e9a,Smith, 18796780B3B2-3E97-5687-878D-1E57CA1365C9Violaceae: Agatealongipedicellata (native), Agatearufotomentosa (native); Verbenaceae: Durantaerecta  (Apocynaceae: Parsonsiacrebriflora (native), Rauvolfiasemperflorens (native), unknown (native); Araliaceae: Tieghemopanax sp. (native); Asteraceae: Ageratum sp. , Bidens sp. , Cosmos sp. , Tridaxprocumbens ; Connaraceae: unknown (native); Dilleniaceae: Hibbertiapodocarpifolia (native), Hibbertialucens (native), Hibberta sp. (native); Goodeniaceae: Scaevolabeckii (native), Scaevolaerosa (native), Scaevolamontana (native); Lamiaceae: Ocimumgratissimum ; Mimosaceae: Albizia sp. , Leucaenaleucocephala , Mimosadiplotricha ; Myrtaceae: Callistemon sp. , Psidiumguajava , Syzygiumlateriflorum (native); Proteaceae: Stenocarpus sp. (native); Tiliaceae: Triumfettarhomboidea ; Verbenaceae: Stachytarphetaindica  .  ; Apocyna  ; ApocynaNativeFijiHistorical data in New Caledonia: Noum\u00e9a, 22 Jan-1 feb 1914, two females. Mt Mou, 12 Mar 1914, two females. Baie Ouemo, 28 Mar 1914, three males and seven females . HouailoDalla-Torre, 1896*50F7712A-F021-53A0-AD56-956961681CEBNativeIts presence in Australia and Papua New Guinea remains to be confirmed.Historical data in New Caledonia: Coinde, 12 Jan 1912, three males and one female. Bourail, 23 Jan 1912, three females .Megachileaustralis or Megachilealbomarginata). We then hypothesise that those individuals are misidentified individuals of M.albomarginata.The presence of this species is doubtful in New Caledonia as it was only mentioned by Occurrence status: data deficient.Lucas, 187665D1393D-5E11-50F6-96AB-861609544A43Aizoaceae: Sesuviumportulacastrum (native); Wedeliatrilobata ; Apocynaceae: Melodinus sp. (native), Rauvolfiasemperflorens (native); Asteraceae: Bidens sp. , Cosmossulphureus , Cosmos sp. , Sphagneticolatrilobata , Tridaxprocumbens ; Convolvulaceae: Ipomoeapes-caprae (native); Dilleniaceae: Tetracerabillardieri (native); Euphorbiaceae: Cleistanthusstipitatus (native), Euphorbia sp. ; Goodeniaceae: Scaevolasericea (native); Labiatae: Premnaserratifolia (native); Mimosaceae: Leucaenaleucocephala , Mimosadiplotricha ; Myrtaceae: Melaleucaquinquenervia (native), Metrosiderosoperculata (native), Psidiumguajava , Sannantha sp. (native); Onagraceae: Ludwigiaoctovalvis (native); Poaceae: Stenotaphrumsecundatum ; Santalaceae: Santalumaustrocaledonicum (native); Surianaceae: Surianamaritima (native); Tiliaceae: Triumfettarhomboidea ; Verbenaceae: Stachytarphetaaustralis ;Zygophyllaceae: Tribuluscistoides ; Desmodiumincanum (native) .rilobata ; Amarant(native) ; Poinsetttia sp. , AntigonEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Noum\u00e9a, Jun 1900, one female. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, 23 males and 32 females . Noum\u00e9a,Cockerell, 1914*07A203A9-9C4B-538E-9821-57C65A0E080BNativeGuam, Hawa\u00efHistorical data in New Caledonia: Noum\u00e9a, Jul 1914, one male .Occurrence status: data deficient.Smith, 1879*2171C6D1-1BFB-5B43-8B31-897140A8A7C4Megachilezingowli Cheesman, 1936;Megachilesimiliszingowli Cheesman, 1936NativeVanuatu .Historical data in New Caledonia: Belep, \u00cele Art, 2 Mar 2017, one male .This species was previously considered as endemic to Vanuatu . At thisOccurrence status: data deficient.Friese, 1905A551F893-AAD4-54CE-A6DB-6A18E4DCB3A8Chalicodomaaurantiaca ;Megachilequodi Vachal, 1907.Violaceae: Agatearufotomentosa (endemic) (Apocynaceae: unknown (native); Nephrodesmusferrugineus (native); Flacourtiaceae: Homaliumbetulifolium (native); Liliaceae: Dianella sp. (native) .endemic) ; Apocyna(native) ; AcaciasEndemicHistorical data in New Caledonia: Dumb\u00e9a, 19 Dec 1979, one male. Dec 1979-Sep 2008, two males and six females . MandjelSmith, 1861 *91568F3C-5317-512A-AAFB-538C81F5A6E3NativeSolomon Islands, IndonesiaHistorical data in New Caledonia: Canala, 2 Jan 1912, one female .Occurrence status: data deficient.Halictidae is the most represented family (26 species), followed by Megachilidae (11 species), Colletidae (10 species) and Apidae (4 species).We found 23 publications, dated from 1897 to 2020, mentioning bee species in New Caledonia .Lasioglossumwebbi in 1992) and one is recorded for New Caledonia, based on personal communication with no specimen reported (i.e. Lasioglossum (Austrevylaeus) sp.). As bee samplings in New Caledonia prior to the 21st century have been piecemeal and far from exhaustive, it is difficult to adjudicate on their current presence. Several hypotheses may explain why those species went unrecorded during recent samplings. First, several species may have been misidentified. For example, Megachileaustralasiae may be, in fact, a misidentification of Megachilealbomarginata . An exhaustive sampling of the entire territory at different times of the year would provide a more precise picture of the New Caledonian bee fauna and potentially allow new species to be detected. A starting point to such a project could be to realise further samplings at periods and locations where data-deficient species were captured. This first step could provide additional information to support the presence or absence of these species. Moreover, it seems crucial to apply biomolecular analysis to the New Caledonian bee fauna. Bee species recorded from the archipelago have been described and identified exclusively, based on morphological criteria. This may have induced an over- or underestimation of the actual number of species e.g. .Megachilealbomarginata was considered endemic in Amongst the 41 identified bee species recorded in New Caledonia, 20 were categorised as endemic, 12 as native and nine as alien. However, the status of endemic and native species may evolve over time. First, it is possible that some species considered as endemic to date actually have a wider distribution across the Pacific. For example, Concerning native bee species, biomolecular analysis could clarify the origin of certain species, notably megachilid bees. Biomolecular analysis suggested that Fijian megachilid bees are mostly, if not entirely, the result of anthropogenic displacements . Thus, tAmegillapulchra in 2016, Braunsapispuangensis in 2019 and Hylaeusalbonitens in 2022). New arrivals of alien bee species will likely continue in the years to come  are long-tongued species. This morphological trait may allow alien bees to effectively pollinate alien plants that are poorly pollinated by native bees . The column \"references\" contains the ID numbers of the publications mentioning the according bee.File: oo_865372.xlsxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/865372Zakardjian M, Jourdan H, Cochenille T, Mah\u00e9 P, Geslin BE8E992C0-B217-5D85-9F12-FEDF77F06C4610.3897/BDJ.11.e105291.suppl2Supplementary material 2Map of the 14 sites sampled to produce the third datasetData typeSampled sitesBrief descriptionBlack squares represent the sampled sites, distributed from Noum\u00e9a (delimited by the bold black line) to the Col de Mouirange at the extreme East of the map. Ultramafic substrates appear in brown and non-ultramafic substrates in beige.File: oo_810705.PNGhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/810705Zakardjian M, Jourdan H, Cochenille T, Mah\u00e9 P, Geslin B"}
{"text": "P< 0.001; median follow-up: 83 days) and was well tolerated. Here, we report final safety from PROVENT at \u223c15 months of follow-up.In the PROVENT phase 3 pre-exposure prophylaxis study, AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) reduced symptomatic COVID-19 by 76.7% vs placebo at primary analysis (In PROVENT (NCT04625725), adults without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination, with increased risk of inadequate response to vaccination and/or SARS-CoV-2 exposure, were randomized 2:1 to either a 300-mg intramuscular dose of AZD7442 or placebo. Results are reported from the February 22, 2023 final data cut-off. The primary safety endpoint was assessment of adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), medically attended AEs (MAAEs), and AEs of special interest (AESIs). A cardiovascular events adjudication committee independently reviewed and adjudicated 5 event types . Efficacy data have previously been reported.Table). Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity; 256 (7.4%) and 125 (7.2%) of participants in the AZD7442 and placebo groups, respectively, reported an AE of grade 3 (severe) or higher. SAEs occurred in 6.2% and 5.6% of AZD7442 and placebo participants, MAAEs in 28.6% and 25.3%, respectively, and deaths in 0.6% and 0.6%, respectively. AESIs occurred in 3.0% and 2.5% of AZD7442 and placebo participants, respectively, including 0.5% and 0.4% with cardiovascular events categorized as AESIs. Of 88 (2.5%) and 39 (2.2%) participants in AZD7442 and placebo groups with cardiovascular events evaluated by an adjudication committee, 40 (1.2%) and 12 (0.7%) had positively adjudicated events.Across both the AZD7442 and placebo groups, 3669 (69.8%) participants completed the study. Median follow-up was 456 days in the AZD7442 group and 455 days in the placebo group. AEs occurred in 58.2% and 58.0% of participants administered AZD7442 and placebo, respectively (This analysis provides further evidence to support the long-term safety of AZD7442 as prevention for COVID-19.Myron J. Levin, MD, Dynavax: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Data safety monitoring/Advisory board|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co.: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant Andrew Ustianowski, MD, PhD, Gilead: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisory Board|GSK: Honoraria|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Honoraria|Merck: Advisory Board|Sanofi: Honoraria|ViiV Healthcare/GSK: Advisory Board St\u00e9phane De Wit, MD, AstraZeneca: Financial support for the conduct of this study Rohini Beavon, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Jesse Thissen, MSc, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Seth Seegobin, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Katie Streicher, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Alexandre Kiazand, MD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Mark T. Esser, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Resistance to recently approved \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations, such as ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and meropenem-vaborbactam (MEM-VAB), appears to be increasing among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in some US hospitals. We evaluated the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) causing pneumonia in US hospitals.Bacterial isolates were consecutively collected (1/patient) from patients hospitalized with pneumonia and the susceptibility of GNBs  was evaluated by broth microdilution. Isolates were collected in 69 medical centers in 2020\u20132022. Susceptibility testing was performed by CLSI broth microdilution in a monitoring laboratory. Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) was tested with AVI at fixed 4 mg/L and a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic susceptible (S) breakpoint of \u2264 8 mg/L was applied for comparison. CRE isolates were screened for carbapenemases (CPE) by whole genome sequencing.P. aeruginosa (22.4% of organisms), K. pneumoniae (8.6%), E. coli (6.6%), S. marcescens (6.2%), S. maltophilia (4.9%), and E. cloacae complex (4.8%). ATM-AVI inhibited 100.0% of ENT at \u2264 8 mg/L and 99.9% at \u2264 4 mg/L and showed potent activity against CRE . CAZ-AVI and MEM-VAB were active against 89.4% and 88.5% of CREs, respectively. ATM-AVI retained activity against ENT non-S to CAZ-AVI and/or MEM-VAB . The most common CPEs were KPC (69.2% of CREs), NDM (9.6%), and SME (4.8%). A CPE gene was not observed in 16.3% of CREs. CAZ-AVI and MEM-VAB were highly active against KPC and SME producers but showed limited activity against MBL producers. The most active comparators against CRE were tigecycline (95.2%S), amikacin (73.1%S), and gentamicin (60.6%S). Among P. aeruginosa, 79.1% were inhibited at \u22648 mg/L of ATM-AVI, 77.2% were MEM-S, and 77.2% were piperacillin-tazobactam-S. ATM-AVI was highly active against S. maltophilia, inhibiting 99.5% of isolates at \u2264 8 mg/L.GNB represented 71.1% of organisms. The most common GNB species were in vitro activity against the GNB most isolated from patients with pneumonia in US hospitals.ATM-AVI demonstrated potent Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Timothy Doyle, MS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Medical Education (2023) 23:186 10.1186/s12909-023-04117-3Following publication of the original article , due to [19] Bawadi H, Abdul Rahim H, Moawad J, Shami R, Du X, El-Awaisi A, Al-Moslih AMI, Diab M, Al-Jayyousi GF. Health sciences students\u2019 and instructors\u2019 perceptions of the emergency switch to virtual internship amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A case from Qatar. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 9;9:939416. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.939416. PMID: 36,059,828; PMCID: PMC9435433.[20] Bawadi H, Shami R, El-Awaisi A, Al-Moslih A, Abdul Rahim H, Du X, Moawad J, Al-Jayyousi GF. Exploring the challenges of virtual internships during the COVID-19 pandemic and their potential influence on the professional identity of health professions students: A view from Qatar University. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jan 30;10:1107693. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1107693. PMID: 36,793,877; PMCID: PMC9922901.bold typeface.Also, in the Conclusion section, there is a spelling mistake. The incorrect and correct version is highlighted in Incorrect:emegencies.Medical curricula need to create channels to accommodate more in-depth learning approaches in the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic and other Correct:In the conclusion, there is a spelling mistake:emergencies.Medical curricula need to create channels to accommodate more in-depth learning approaches in the presence of the COVID-19 pandemic and other The publishers apologize for this error.The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Numerous studies have reported that rates of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing. However, data on the epidemiology of healthcare facility-associated (HCFA) NTM are sparse. We performed a multicenter longitudinal study to analyze the epidemiology of NTM at a network of U.S. academic hospitals.We retrospectively analyzed data on positive cultures for NTM obtained from 2012-2020 at a network of 10 U.S. academic hospitals and associated clinics (Table). Variables analyzed included NTM species, specimen source, and hospital admission status. A unique NTM episode was defined as a patient\u2019s first positive culture for a particular NTM species and specimen source category (pulmonary vs. extrapulmonary). Episodes linked to isolates obtained on day 3 or later of hospitalization were considered to represent hospital-onset (HO) NTM. Seven hospitals contributed at least 12 months of baseline data prior to January 2014, and within this closed cohort, trends of NTM incidence rates were estimated with log regression.Characteristics of a 10-hospital network that performed retrospective culture-based NTM surveillance from 2012-2020.M. avium complex , M. abscessus complex , and M. chelonae-M. immunogenum . For 595 (20%) HO episodes, specimen source was extrapulmonary.Across the 10-hospital network, 24,376 total NTM isolates were identified during 19,248,137 patient-days of surveillance; 12,847 (53%) isolates represented unique NTM episodes. Of these episodes, 3,044 (24%) were HO-NTM, which were most commonly caused by Individual hospital incidence rates of HO-NTM were highly variable with a median rate of 1.1 episodes per 10,000 patient-days  (Table). For the 7-hospital closed cohort, the HO-NTM incidence rate decreased from 2.3 to 1.4 episodes per 10,000 patient-days from 2014 to 2020  . Trend analysis estimated that the rate of HO-NTM decreased by 10% per year  .Incidence rates of NTM episodes observed from 2014-2020 at a 7-hospital cohort. Admitted epsiodes consisted of episodes that were hospital-onset (HO) or not HO.Log regression model of hospital-onset NTM incidence rates from 2014-2020 within a 7-hospital cohort. The fit plot displays predicted values with 95% confidence limits and observed rates.Network HO-NTM incidence rates decreased from 2014-2020, but rates varied substantially at individual hospitals. These results provide comprehensive data on HCFA-NTM isolation, including rates that can serve as external benchmarks. Given hospital variability, NTM surveillance at the individual hospital level is paramount.Arthur W. Baker, MD, MPH, Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Medincell: Advisor/Consultant Ricardo M. La Hoz, MD, Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Melissa B. Miller, PhD, BioFire: Advisor/Consultant|BioFire: Honoraria|Cantata Bio: Grant/Research Support|Luminex Molecular Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex Molecular Diagnostics: Honoraria|MiraVista Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|MiraVista Diagnostics: Honoraria|QIAGEN: Advisor/Consultant|QIAGEN: Grant/Research Support|QIAGEN: Honoraria David J. Weber, MD, MPH, BD: Advisor/Consultant|Germitic: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: DSMB|PDI: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Wellair: Advisor/Consultant Barbara D. Alexander, MD, F2G Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Board Member|Leadiaint: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Thermofisher: Advisor/Consultant Jason E. Stout, MD, MHS, AN2 pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "EVUSHELD was developed for the prevention and treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 for high-risk individuals. However, the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to evolve in the presence of natural- and vaccine-acquired immunity, escaping previously authorized antibody therapies such as bebtelovimab and EVUSHELD.AZD3152 was selected to neutralize all known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and is being developed to provide immunocompromised individuals with continued protection against SARS-CoV-2.3 PFU WA-1 SARS-CoV-2, then monitored for weight loss; lung viral load and pathology were evaluated at days 3 and 7.Structural analyses were performed to map the AZD3152 binding site. Neutralization assays were employed to determine the potency of AZD3152 across a panel of historical and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Hamsters were prophylactically administered 6.7-60 mg/kg AZD3152 or a control antibody, then challenged intranasally with 6x10A 3 week GLP repeat IM and IV dose toxicity study in nonhuman primates (NHP) was performed.50 range, 8.3 to 110.9 ng/mL) and SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses (EC50 range of 3.2 to 25.0 ng/mL), including XBB.1.5. Prophylactic administration of AZD3152 conferred dose-dependent protection to hamsters following challenge. Even at a suboptimal dose of 6.7 mg/kg, < 5% weight loss and 2 logs reduction in lung viral subgenomic RNA were observed. AZD3152 was not associated with any adverse findings in NHP and the no observed-adverse-effect-level was the highest dose tested (150 mg/kg). Toxicokinetics demonstrated similar systemic exposure following IM and IV dosing with bioavailability of 94.9% and half-life range of 15.2-26.5 days by IM.AZD3152 binds to a conserved epitope on the spike receptor binding domain and blocks ACE2 binding. AZD3152 potently neutralizes authentic viral variants (ECThese results demonstrate that AZD3152 binds a conserved epitope resulting in broad neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants, protects hamsters from disease, and has a favorable safety profile in NHP. Thus, AZD3152 may serve as a next-generation antibody for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Joseph R Francica, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Yingyun Cai, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Seme Diallo, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Kim Rosenthal, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Kuishu Ren, BS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Daniel J. Flores, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Andrew Dippel, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Yuling Wu, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Xiaoru Chen, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Erin Cantu, BS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Rakesh Choudhary, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Michal Sulikowski, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Hibret Adissu, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Nydia van Dyk, MSc, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Vaheh Oganesyan, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Saravanan Rajan, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Patricia C. Ryan, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Yueh-Ming Loo, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Taylor Cohen, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employement|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Mark T. Esser, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Wade Blair, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Recently approved \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BLIs), such as ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and meropenem-vaborbactam (MEM-VAB), have demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) from US hospitals, but resistance may emerge with the increasing use of these compounds. Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) has shown potent activity against CRE, including MBL producers, and is under clinical development. We evaluated the activity of ATM-AVI and comparators against CREs from US hospitals.45,497 Enterobacterales (ENT) isolates were consecutively collected from 79 US medical centers (36 states) and susceptibility tested by CLSI broth microdilution. ATM-AVI was tested with AVI at a fixed 4 mg/L and a susceptible (S) breakpoint of \u2264 8 mg/L was applied for comparison. CRE isolates were screened for carbapenemase (CPE) by whole genome sequencing.50/90, 0.12/0.25 mg/L) and MEM-VAB  were active against 99.9% and 99.8% of ENT isolates, respectively. CRE rates varied from 0.2% (New England [NE]) to 2.4% . ATM-AVI was active (MIC \u2264 8 mg/L) against 99.5% (412/414) of CREs, whereas susceptibility to CAZ-AVI and MEM-VAB were lowest in the Mountain [MO] division  and highest (100.0%) in West North Central. ATM-AVI retained activity against ENT non-S to CAZ-AVI and/or MEM-VAB . KPC was the most common CPE (65.5% of CREs), followed by NDM (8.2%) and OXA-48\u2013like (3.6%). A CPE gene was not observed in 20.8% of CREs. The occurrence of KPC among CREs varied from 14.3%  to 77.8% ; whereas the frequency of metallo-\u03b2-lactamases (MBLs) ranged from \u2264 3.0%  to 19.4% (6/31) in MO and 42.9% (3/7) in NE.ATM-AVI inhibited > 99.9% of ENT at \u22644 mg/L and only 4 isolates (< 0.01%) showed ATM-AVI MICs > 8 mg/L. CAZ-AVI (MICATM-AVI showed potent activity against CRE, including MBL producers, from all US Census Divisions. Resistance to CAZ-AVI and MEM-VAB among CRE was observed in the NE and MO Census Divisions due to increasing occurrence of MBL-producing isolates.Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support John H. Kimbrough, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Timothy Doyle, MS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) is under clinical development. Aztreonam is a monobactam stable to hydrolysis by metallo-\u03b2-lactamases (MBLs). ATM-AVI has shown activity against MBL-producing, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) that are resistant to recently approved \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BLIs) such as ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), meropenem-vaborbactam (MEM-VAB), and imipenem-relebactam (IMI-REL). We evaluated a large collection of CRE isolates nonsusceptible (NS) to these BLIs.24,580 Enterobacterales isolates were consecutively collected (1/patient) in 2020\u20132022 from 64 medical centers located in Western Europe , Eastern Europe , Latin America , and the Asia-Pacific region . Among these isolates, 1,016 (4.1%) were CRE. Isolates were susceptibility tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CRE isolates were screened for carbapenemase (CPE) genes by whole genome sequencing.50/90, 0.25/0.5 mg/L) and \u2265 98.9% of CRE isolates NS to CAZ-AVI, MEM-VAB, and/or IMI-REL at \u22648 mg/L (Table). The most active comparators against CREs were CAZ-AVI (64.6%S), MEM-VAB (57.4%S), and IMI-REL (50.7%S). The activity of these BLIs varied widely among region, with highest susceptibility rates observed in W-EU , followed by LATAM , E-EU , and APAC . The most common CPE types overall were KPC (44.5% of CREs), NDM (29.8%), and OXA-48-like (16.0%). KPC predominated in LATAM (64.1%) and W-EU (61.1% of CREs). MBL occurrence was highest in APAC (59.5% of CREs), followed by LATAM (34.0%), E-EU (28.9%), and W-EU (23.6%). NDM represented 85.4% of MBLs.ATM-AVI inhibited 99.6% of CREs (MICATM-AVI demonstrated potent activity against CRE isolates resistant to CAZ-AVI, MEM-VAB, and/or IMI-REL independent of the CPE produced. The activity of recently approved BLIs varied broadly among regions and were very limited in E-EU and APAC.Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support John H. Kimbrough, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "As the frequency of Enterobacterales (ENT) producing metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (MBL) and/or OXA-48 is increasing in some US medical centers, effective antimicrobials to treat the infections caused by these organisms are urgently needed. Aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) is under clinical development for treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including MBL producers. We evaluated the activities of ATM-AVI, ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), meropenem-vaborbactam (MEM-VAB), and comparators against ENT isolated from patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs).4,802 ENT were consecutively collected (1/patient) from 72 US medical centers in 2020\u20132022 and susceptibility tested by CLSI broth microdilution method. ATM-AVI was tested with AVI at a fixed 4 mg/L. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic susceptible (S) breakpoint of \u2264 8 mg/L was applied for comparison. Carbapenem-resistant ENT (CRE) isolates were screened for carbapenemase (CPE) by whole genome sequencing.E. coli and 1 E. aerogenes (CRE). All CPE producers and 98.0% of CREs were inhibited at an ATM-AVI MIC of \u2264 8 mg/L. CAZ-AVI and MEM-VAB were active against 81.6% and 65.3% of CREs, respectively. Ceftolozane-tazobactam (TOL-TAZ) was active against only 72.6% of ceftriaxone (CRO)-nonsusceptible (NS) isolates. ATM-AVI retained activity  against all MEM-VAB-NS and 90.0% of CAZ-AVI-NS isolates. The most common CPEs were KPC-2/3 (57.1% of CREs), OXA-48\u2013like (16.3%), and NDM (12.2%). A CPE gene was not observed in 14.3% of CREs. CAZ-AVI and MEM-VAB were active against 100.0% of KPC producers, but CAZ-AVI showed limited activity against MBL producers and MEM-VAB showed limited activity against OXA-48\u2013like and MBL producers. The most active comparators against CRE were tigecycline (95.9%S), gentamicin (49.0%S), and amikacin (44.9%S).ATM-AVI was highly active against ENT (Table); only 2 isolates showed ATM-AVI MICs > 8 mg/L: 1 MEM-S ATM-AVI demonstrated potent activity against a large collection ENT isolated from patients with BSI in US hospitals, including CREs and isolates resistant to recently approved \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations. These results support further clinical development of ATM-AVI.Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support John H. Kimbrough, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Rees SJ, Mohsin M, Tay AK, Moussa B, Klein L, Nadar N, et al. (2023) COVID-19 stressors and mental health problems amongst women who arrived as refugees and those born in Australia. PLOS Glob Public Health 3(7): e0002073."}
{"text": "Article title: Antidepressant effects of total iridoids of Valeriana jatamansi via the intestinal flora-blood\u2013brain barrier pathwayAuthors: Zhang, L., Wang, L., Huang, L., Zhao, Y., Ding, H., Li, B., Wen, L., Xiong, W., Liu, Y., Zhang, T., Zhang, L., Wu, L., Xu, Q., Fan, Y., Wei, G., Yin, Q., Chen, Y., Zhang, T., & Yan, Z.Journal:Pharmaceutical BiologyBibliometrics: Volume 59, Number 01, pages 910\u2013919DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2021.1944222In the version of this article initially published, there was a mistake in the images of part labels (A) and (B) of Figure 7.The images of part labels (A) and (B) of Figure 7 are now corrected and the article has been republished online along with a minor correction where the author Zhiyong Yan\u2019s contact details have been added."}
{"text": "Article title: Discovery of novel arylamide derivatives containing piperazine moiety as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization with potent liver cancer inhibitory activityAuthors: Xiao-Yi Shi, Huang Jiao, Jia-Kai Zhang, Xin-Yi Tian, Dan-Feng Guo, Jie Gao, Mei-Qi Jia, Jian Song, Sai-Yang Zhang, Xiang-Jing Fu, Hong-Wei TangJournal:Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal ChemistryBibliometrics: Volume 38, Number 1,DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2023.2237701Figure 5A\u2009\u223c\u2009C of this article. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. The correct version of Figure 5 is as follows:The authors regret the following errors in"}
{"text": "Updated COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to help broaden protection against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here we present a 3-month interim analysis from a phase 3, randomized, observer-blind, active-controlled study of 2 omicron BA.1-containing vaccines: BA.1-monovalent mRNA-1273.529 (BA.1 variant only) and BA.1-bivalent mRNA-1273.214 (SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain and BA.1 variant).This multicenter study evaluated safety and immunogenicity of the BA.1-monovalent (Part 1) and -bivalent (Part 2) vaccines in individuals aged \u2265 16 years in the United Kingdom (NCT05249829). Eligible participants previously received 2 or 3 doses of an authorized/approved COVID-19 vaccine and were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive a 50-\u00b5g booster of the original mRNA-1273 vaccine or either BA.1-monovalent or -bivalent vaccines. Safety and reactogenicity up to 3 months post-booster were evaluated. Immunogenicity objectives were to demonstrate non-inferiority and/or superiority of BA.1-monovalent or -bivalent vaccine-elicited immune responses to BA.1 and the ancestral strain (D614G) at Day 29 and Month 3 compared with a booster dose of mRNA-1273 in participants without evidence of baseline SARS-CoV-2 infection up to day of analysis visit on Day 29 or Month 3.At the interim analysis, 724 (Part 1) and 2824 (Part 2) booster recipients were included in the safety analysis set. BA.1-monovalent and -bivalent booster vaccines were well-tolerated with no new safety concerns identified. Compared with mRNA-1273, a fourth dose of BA.1-monovalent or -bivalent vaccine elicited superior nAb responses against omicron BA.1 at Month 3, with geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of 1.77  and 1.67 , respectively. Non-inferior  nAb responses against D614G were also demonstrated with GMRs of 0.80  for BA.1-monovalent and 1.11  for -bivalent vaccines.The BA.1 monovalent and bivalent booster vaccines elicited nAb responses against BA.1 that remain superior to mRNA-1273 at 3 months post-booster with no new safety concerns. These results support variant-updated vaccines to protect against evolving SARS-CoV-2.Ivan T. Lee, MD, PhD, Moderna, Inc.: Salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Catherine A. Cosgrove, PhD, Novavax: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Speaker Patrick Moore, MRCGP, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Medicago: Advisor/Consultant|Medicago: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support Philip Kalra, MD, Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Bayer: Advisor/Consultant|Bayer: Grant/Research Support|Evotec: Advisor/Consultant|Evotec: Grant/Research Support|Fresenius: Advisor/Consultant|Fresenius: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Lilly: Advisor/Consultant|Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Otsuka: Advisor/Consultant|Otsuka: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pharmacosmos: Advisor/Consultant|Pharmacosmos: Grant/Research Support|Unicyte: Advisor/Consultant|Unicyte: Grant/Research Support|Vifor: Advisor/Consultant|Vifor: Grant/Research Support Paul Dargan, MBBS, Moderna, Inc.: Grant/Research Support Marta Boffito, MD, PhD, FRCP, AstraZeneca: Honoraria|ATEA: Advisor/Consultant|ATEA: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Valneva: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Fiona Burns, PhD, Gilead Sciences Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences Ltd.: Speaker Fees Christopher J. A. Duncan, DPhil, MRC: Grant/Research Support|Wellcome Trust: Grant/Research Support David Chadwick, PhD, Gilead Sciences Ltd: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Adrian Palfreeman, MBBS, University Hospital of Leicester NHS Trust. - Leicester (United Kingdom): Employee Paul T. Heath, FRCPCH, AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Valneva: Grant/Research Support Bethany Girard, Ph.D., Moderna, Inc.: salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Kristen Sellers, PhD, Moderna, Inc.: Salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth de Windt, MPH, Moderna, Inc.: Salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Andrea Sutherland, M.D., MPH, Moderna, Inc.: Salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds LaRee Tracy, PhD, Moderna, Inc.: Salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Honghong Zhou, Ph.D., Moderna, Inc.: salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Jacqueline Miller, MD, Moderna, Inc.: salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Frances Priddy, MD, MPH, Moderna, Inc.: Salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Spyros Chalkias, MD, Moderna, Inc.: Salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Rituparna Das, M.D., Moderna, Inc.: Salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Investigation of supplement use and knowledge among Japanese elite athletes for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic games and the Beijing 2022 winter Olympic/Paralympic games By Myoenzono K, Yasuda J, Takai E, Shinagawa A, Kaneko N, Yoshizaki T, Namma-Motonaga K, Yoshino M, Kondo E, Nakajima K, Hangai M, Kamahara K, Kamihigashi E, Kusano S and Kamei A (2023). Front. Sports Act. Living 5:1258542. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1258542A Corrigendum on In the published article, references 24 and 39 were incorrectly written. The refences were written as:\u201c24. Nutrition, N. I. O. H. A. The dietary reference intakes.\u201d\u201c39. World Anti-Doping Agency. (2020). Anti-doping rule violations (ADRVs) report.\u201dand should read:https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/001151422.pdf [Accessed 7 Oct 2023]\u201d\u201c24. Ministry of Health. Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese. Available: https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/anti-doping-stats/anti-doping-rule-violations-adrvs-report#resource-download [Accessed 7 Oct 2023]\u201d\u201c39. World Anti-Doping Agency. (2020). Anti-doping rule violations (ADRVs) report. Available: The authors apologize for these errors and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated."}
{"text": "RENOIR is a phase 3 randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study evaluating Vaccine Efficacy (VE) to prevent lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in adults \u2265 60 years of age during 2 RSV seasons in Northern and Southern Hemisphere countries (NCT05035212). End of RSV Season 1 (EoS1) analysis demonstrated VE of 88.9% for RSV-associated Lower Respiratory Tract Illness (LRTI-RSV) with 3+ symptoms, VE of 65.1% for LRTI-RSV with 2+ symptoms, and VE of 62.2% for all Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI)-RSV events including LRTI-RSV 2+ and 3+ events. We sought to understand the ARI symptom distribution (e.g. upper respiratory versus lower) among all RSV confirmed endpoints, and the characterization of medical diagnoses provided for these endpoints by clinicians.As per study protocol, ARI is an illness involving 1 or more of 7 respiratory illness symptoms lasting more than 1 day: new/increased sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, nasal discharge, wheezing, sputum production, shortness of breath during the RSV season. Participants with ARI symptoms obtain a nasal self-swab within 7 days of onset for RT-PCR testing and undergo virtual or in-person evaluation. Clinical diagnoses are collected at medically attended visits or by investigator assessment. Additional Study Definitions: LRTI is an ARI with at least 2 or 3 signs/symptoms: new or increased cough, wheezing, sputum production, shortness of breath, tachypnea lasting more than 1 day. ARI-RSV and LRTI RSV is an RT-PCR confirmed ARI or LRTI.At EoS1, respiratory symptoms trended lower for cough, sputum production, wheezing, shortness of breath, and tachypnea in RSVpreF recipients compared to placebo recipients. Of these wheezing, shortness of breath, and tachypnea are considered as more severe symptoms. Diagnoses of bronchitis, Influenza-like illness, and pneumonia were less common in RSVpreF recipients compared to placebo recipients.The reduction of more severe LRTI-RSV symptoms and diagnoses amongst all ARI-RSV events in vaccine recipients reflects the higher VE against more severe RSV disease observed in the RENOIR study. The vaccine impacts symptoms that are associated with lower respiratory involvement.Gonzalo P\u00e9rez Marc, M.D., GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Expert Testimony|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Edward E. Walsh, MD, Icosavax: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Elliot N. DeHaan, MD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Agnieszka Zareba, MD PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Qin Jiang, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kumar Ilangovan, MD, MSPH, MMCi, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Daniel P. Eiras, MD, MPH, Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Tarek Mikati, MD,MPH, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Elena Kalinina, PhD, Pfizer: Pfizer employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds David Cooper, PhD, Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Annaliesa S. Anderson, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kena A. Swanson, Ph.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Alejandra C. Gurtman, M.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Beate Schmoele-Thoma, MD, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Bewket Yeserah Aynalem. The correct citation is: Desta M, Getaneh T, Aynalem BY, Worku Y, Eshete T. Birhanu MY, et al. (2021) Cervical cancer screening utilization and predictors among eligible women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS ONE 16(11): e0259339."}
{"text": "Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combinations and cefiderocol (FDC) have been recommended for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), but extensive comparisons of these agents are limited. We tested the activity of aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI), ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), meropenem-vaborbactam (MEV), imipenem-relebactam (IR), all BL/BLIs, and FDC against > 500 CRE isolates collected in US hospitals during a 6-year period (2017\u20132022).A total of 54,576 Enterobacterales (ENT) isolates collected during 2017\u20132021 were susceptibility (S) tested by reference broth microdilution methods. CRE isolates displayed meropenem and/or imipenem MIC results at > 1 mg/L and were submitted to whole genome sequencing for analysis of resistance mechanisms.The CRE isolates  were mainly KPC producers without metallo-beta-lactamases . Genes encoding MBLs and OXA-48\u2013like enzymes alone were detected among 50 and 12 isolates, respectively. Another 12 isolates carried genes encoding NMC-A and SME. ATM-AVI inhibited 98.4% of the CRE isolates when applying ATM breakpoints for comparison. FDC, CAZ-AVI, MEV, and IR inhibited 94.7%, 89.2%, 86.7%, and 81.9% of the CRE isolates, respectively. Against class A serine-carbapenemase\u2013producing isolates without MBLs, ATM-AVI, CAZ-AVI, FDC, and MEV demonstrated activity > 98.6%. IR inhibited 92.7% of these isolates. Except for ATM-AVI and FDC, other BL/BLI had limited activity against MBLs, ranging from 2.0% S for IR to 16% for MEV against MBL isolates. ATM-AVI inhibited 98.0% of the MBL isolates while FDC inhibited 74.0%. ATM-AVI, CAZ-AVI, IR, FDC, and MEV inhibited 94.5%, 96.7%, 90.1%, 89.0%, and 87.9% of the carbapenemase-negative isolates (n=91), respectively. Among comparators, tigecycline was the most active, inhibiting 94.7% of the CRE isolates; 84.7% of these isolates displayed a colistin intermediate MIC value of \u2264 2 mg/L.The new BL/BLIs and FDC displayed good activity against a large collection of CRE isolates that were mainly KPC producers from US hospitals. Against MBLs, ATM-AVI was the most active agent, followed by FDC.Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Joshua Maher, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Affinity Biosensors: Grant/Research Support|AimMax Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Alterity Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Amicrobe, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Arietis Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Astrellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica AG: Grant/Research Support|Becton Dickinson And Company: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Boost Biomes: Grant/Research Support|Diamond V: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics plc: Grant/Research Support|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Kaleido Biosciences, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Roche Holding AG: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Summmit Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Zoetis Inc: Grant/Research Support Katie Simpson, BS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Cory Hubler, BS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The In vitro Activity of Cefiderocol and Comparator Agents Against Pediatric IsolatesP. aeruginosa, 194 Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) and 220 S. maltophilia from the USA and Europe were tested for susceptibility (%S) by broth microdilution with cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB). Iron-depleted CAMHB was applied for CFDC. Comparators included newer \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combinations ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T), imipenem-relebactam (I-R) and meropenem-vaborbactam (MVB) as well as ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM) meropenem (MEM) and colistin (CST). %S was interpreted according to 2023 CLSI & EUCAST breakpoints. Carbapenem non-susceptible (CarbNS) was defined as non-susceptibility to imipenem and MEM.2,249 Enterobacterales (ENT), 707 50/90, 2/4 mg/L; 91.7 %S) was the most active agent against CarbNS ENT. P. aeruginosa susceptibilities to CFDC and BL/BLI combinations were >97.0%. CFDC was the most potent agent against CarbNS P. aeruginosa with MIC50/90 values of 0.12/0.25 mg/L and 100 %S & 98.5 %S per CLSI & EUCAST breakpoints, respectively. ABC susceptibility to CFDC was >97% per CLSI & EUCAST while the susceptibility for MEM was 87.1% (CLSI & EUCAST) and SAM was 80.9% (CLSI). CFDC  displayed better in vitro potency in CarbNS ABC as compared to SAM  and CST . Among pediatric S. maltophilia, CFDC was the most active agent with MIC50/90, 0.06/0.25 and 100 %S per CLSI & EUCAST breakpoints.All agents displayed >96 %S for ENT while CFDC (MICP. aeruginosa, ABC, and S. maltophilia, including CarbNS subsets for which treatment options are limited. These data suggest CFDC may be a valuable treatment for serious Gram-negative infections in pediatric patients.CFDC was a highly active \u03b2-lactam against contemporary pediatric isolates of Enterobacterales, Sean T. Nguyen, PharmD, Shionogi: Employee|Shionogi, Inc: Employee Boudewijn L. DeJonge, PhD, Shionogi Inc.: Employee Jason J. Bryowsky, PharmD, MS, Shionogi Inc.: Employee Anne Henriksen, PhD, Shionogi: Employee Christopher M. Longshaw, PhD, Shionogi BV: Employee Joshua Maher, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Affinity Biosensors: Grant/Research Support|AimMax Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Alterity Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Amicrobe, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Arietis Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Astrellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica AG: Grant/Research Support|Becton Dickinson And Company: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Boost Biomes: Grant/Research Support|Diamond V: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics plc: Grant/Research Support|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Kaleido Biosciences, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Roche Holding AG: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Summmit Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Zoetis Inc: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Miki Takemura, n/a, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Stocks/Bonds Yoshinori Yamano, PhD, Shionogi HQ: Employee"}
{"text": "Testicular tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation in prepubertal and adolescent boys: A 6 year experience from a Swiss multi-center network By Moussaoui D, Surbone A, Adam C, Diesch-Furlanetto T, Girardin C, B\u00e9nard J, Vidal I, Bernard F, Busiah K, Bouthors T, Primi M-P, Ansari M, Vulliemoz N and Gumy-Pause F. (2022) Front. Pediatr. 10:909000. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.909000An Erratum on An omission to the funding section of the original article was made in error. The following sentence has been added: \u201cOpen access funding was provided by the University of Geneva\u201d.The original version of this article has been updated."}
{"text": "Since late December 2021, the COVID-19 Omicron variant has been the predominant variant in the US. While considered less severe than previous variants, the burden of severe COVID-19 remains significant, especially in patients with high-risk underlying conditions. Underutilization of outpatient therapeutics has been reported in this population. The objective of this study was to assess the uptake of outpatient COVID-19 therapeutics 30 days prior to COVID-19 hospitalization during the Omicron period, among those high-risk for hospitalization based on CDC-defined criteria.Table 1) in the 30 days prior to hospital admission was assessed by death, age, number of high-risk conditions, and immunocompromised status.Patients with \u22651 inpatient hospitalization, a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 (ICD10 U07.1) and \u2265 1 CDC-defined high-risk condition were identified using Optum's de-Identified Clinformatics\u00ae Data Mart Database Date of Death claims data from 01/01/22-11/30/22. Death within 1 calendar month after hospitalization was used as a proxy for inpatient death, due to database limitations. Receipt of a COVID-19 outpatient therapeutic  and mostly female (51.9%). Patients with death within 1 calendar month were older (79.7 vs. 74.9 years) and more often male (54.1% vs. 46.9%) than those without. Patients were majority white (68.2%), regardless of death. The most common high-risk conditions at hospitalization were hypertension (88.2%), advanced age , and heart conditions (78.4%). A higher proportion of the most common conditions were observed in hospitalizations with death within 1 calendar month. Overall, 40,463 (94.2%) of high-risk patients had not received COVID-19 outpatient treatment within 30 days prior to hospitalization, of which 6,886 (17.0%) died within 1 calendar month. Percentage of patients treated with COVID-19 outpatient treatments within 30-days prior to hospitalization by key high-risk stratificationsThere was low uptake of COVID-19 outpatient treatment pre-hospitalization in patients high-risk for COVID-19 hospitalization, highlighting the persistent burden of hospitalization and death during the Omicron period among this population.Amie Scott, MPH, Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Laura A. Puzniak, PhD. MPH, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Michael V. Murphy, BA, Bellus Health: Advisor/Consultant|Boston Scientific: Employee|Boston Scientific: Stocks/Bonds|EMD Serono: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Travere Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Darrin W. Benjumea, MPH, Akebia Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Arvinas: Advisor/Consultant|Bellerophon Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Bellus Health: Advisor/Consultant|Genesis Research, LLC: Employee|Novartis: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|Regeneron: Advisor/Consultant|Regeneron: Stocks/Bonds Andrew Rava, MPH, AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Novartis: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Travere Therapeutics, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant Michael Benigno, MA, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kristen E. Allen, MPH, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Richard Stanford, PharmD, MS, Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant Fadi Manuel, PharmD, Pfizer: Medical Writing Ashley S. Cha-Silva, PharmD, MS, Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Maya Reimbaeva, MS, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Florin Draica, MD, Pfizer Inc.: Honoraria|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Cancer 23, 117 (2023)10.1186/s12885-022-10465-yFollowing publication of the original article , the autXia He, hexiabm@163.com; Yong Xu, yxu4696@njmu.edu.cn; Lirong Wu, wulirong126@126.comThe author group in this correction article has been updated and the original article  has been"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infections increasingly occur among persons who are diagnosed and receive care in the outpatient setting. We explored the impact of outpatient C. difficile infection (oCDI) on patients\u2019 healthcare-related quality of life (HRQoL).We conducted this prospective study of adults aged \u2265 50 years within the Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) and Northwest (KPNW) healthcare delivery systems. We identified and recruited individuals with oCDI, defined as laboratory-confirmed CDI with no hospitalization on or in 7 days after diagnosis. To assess HRQoL associated with oCDI, we administered the Cdiff32, a CDI-specific HRQoL questionnaire, shortly after oCDI diagnosis. We also administered the EQ-5D-5L, a generic HRQoL questionnaire, at baseline and approximately 60 days after oCDI to collect Visual Analog Scales (VAS) and Indices pre-infection, on the worst day of illness, and 60 days after diagnosis.pretty or very bad quality of life over the past week and 80 (38%) thought their oCDI made their health condition(s) worse. Within the EQ-5D-5L, 118 (55%) reported having moderate, severe, or complete inability to complete daily activities during the worst day of illness, compared to 20% pre-infection. Cases reported a median pre-infection VAS of 80.0, compared with 44.5 on the worst day of illness (p< 0.0001 vs pre-infection) and 80.0 at 60-days of follow up . Cases also reported median Index values of 0.9 pre-infection, 0.6 on worst day of illness (p< 0.0001 vs pre-infection), and 0.9 at 60 days of follow-up (p< 0.0001 vs worst day and p=0.0081 vs pre-infection).Our study included 213 cases. Most were female 143 (67%), 77 (36%) were 60-69 years of age, and 167 (78%) reported no prior CDI. From the CDiff32, 77 (36%) reported Even when managed within the outpatient setting, patients experienced a significant reduction in HRQoL during their CDI episode.Mark A. Schmidt, PhD, MPH, Intercept Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology: Grant/Research Support Jennifer L. Kuntz, MS, PhD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Fredrick J. Angulo, DVM, PhD, Pfizer Vaccines: Employee|Pfizer Vaccines: Employee|Pfizer Vaccines: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer Vaccines: Stocks/Bonds Holly Yu, MSPH, Pfizer, Inc,: employee of Pfizer, Inc|Pfizer, Inc,: Stocks/Bonds Elisa Gonzalez, MPH, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Joann M. Zamparo, MPH, Pfizer Inc.: Full Time Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Ana Florea, PhD MPH, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Sara Y. Tartof, PhD MPH, Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|SPERO: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Pages 1014 and 1016. The list of authors has been updated to includePaul G. Wyatt, whose information is as follows:Paul G.Wyatt \u2013 Drug Discovery Unit,Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences,University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K.; orcid.org/0000-0002-0397-245X"}
{"text": "The fifth author\u2019s name is misspelled. The correct name is Paolo Korwin Krukowski. The correct citation is:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010766Martignago D, da Silveira Falavigna V, Lombardi A, Gao H, Korwin Krukowski P, Galbiati M, et al. (2023) The bZIP transcription factor AREB3 mediates FT signalling and floral transition at the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem. PLoS Genet 19(5): e1010766."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Khairul Adzfa Radzun. The correct citation is: Scott AE, Timms AR, Connerton PL, Loc Carrillo C, Radzun KA, Connerton IF (2007) Genome Dynamics of Campylobacter jejuni in Response to Bacteriophage Predation. PLoS Pathog 3(8): e119."}
{"text": "Corrigendum on:The prevalence of xerostomia among e-cigarette or combustible tobacco users: A systematic review and meta-analysisBy Xingtong Guo, Lili Hou, Xuepei Peng, Fuyou TangTobacco Induced Diseases, Volume 21, Issue February, Pages 1\u201311, Publish date: 9 February 2023https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/156676DOI: In the originally published version of the article, on pages 1, 5, and 7, the expression 95% CI: 21\u201317 should read 95% CI: 21\u201327. This is corrected also online."}
{"text": "Oecobius Lucas, 1846 is the largest genus of the family Oecobiidae Blackwall, 1862, five of which are known from China. Since Oceobiusprzewalskyi was described by Hu & Li in 1987, no males of this species have ever been reported.With 90 described species, the genus Oceobiusprzewalskyi is described for the first time, based on the specimens collected in Tibet Autonomous Region. Morphological description and illustrations are given.The male of  Oecobius Lucas, 1846 is distributed in Asia, Europe, Africa, North and South America with 90 species, five of them recorded in China: O.cellariorum , O.marathaus Tikader, 1962, O.nadiae , O.navus Blackwall, 1859 and O.przewalskyi Hu & Li, 1987 , which build sparse webs in the corners or gaps of houses and hide themselves in webs   . RecentlThe specimens examined in this study were deposited in the Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University in Wuhan. Specimens were examined using an OLYMPUS SZX7 stereomicroscope. Photographs were taken with a LEICA M205 C stereomicroscope and OLYMPUS SXZ16 microscope and final multifocal images were produced with Helicon Focus (Version 7.7.0). The male palp was examined and photographed after dissection. The epigyne was examined after being dissected from the spider\u2019s body. The epigyne was removed and treated in a warmed 0.1 mg/ml Protease K solution before study. All morphological measurements were calculated using a Leica M205 C stereomicroscope. Eye diameters were taken at the widest point. Leg measurements were given as total length of leg . All measurements were in millimetres (mm).ALE anterior lateral eyes, AME anterior median eyes, CD copulatory duct, CO copulatory opening, E embolus, EA embolic apophysis, I, II, III, IV legs I to IV, PLE posterior lateral eyes, PME posterior median eyes, Sp spermatheca, TA tegular apophysis, TL I tegular lobe I.Morphological terminology follows Hu & Li, 1987A7F0A249-EF01-584B-B700-056F80A7E42Fhttps://www.gbif.org/species/2162478Oecobiusprzewalskyi Hu & Li, 1987 in Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: not examined; recordedBy: Aihua Li; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: China/CN; stateProvince: Tibet; verbatimLocality: Shigatse; verbatimElevation: 3800 m; Event: year: 1985; month: 7; day: 31Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceRemarks: not examined; recordedBy: Aihua Li; individualCount: 4; sex: 4 females; lifeStage: adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: China/CN; stateProvince: Tibet; verbatimLocality: Shigatse; verbatimElevation: 3800 m; Event: year: 1985; month: 7; day: 31Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Fengxiang Liu; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: China/CN; stateProvince: Tibet; verbatimLocality: Shigatse, Mountain of Tashilhunpo Monastery; verbatimElevation: 3836 m; verbatimLatitude: 29.265392\u00b0N; verbatimLongitude: 88.871941\u00b0E; Event: year: 2002; month: 9; day: 6Male: Total length 2.18. Carapace 0.80 long, 0.93 wide. Abdomen 1.49 long, 0.95 wide. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06. Interdistances of eyes: AME\u2012AME 0.04, AME\u2012ALE 0.03, PME\u2012PME 0.08, PME\u2012PLE 0.01, AME\u2012PME 0.06, ALE\u2012PLE 0.02. Eyes white with black rings, except PME. Carapace light yellowish-brown with black margin, except clypeal projection, fovea black. Palps, chelicerae, labium and legs pale brown without marks. Measurements of legs: I 2.81 , II 3.00 , III 3.20 , IV 3.30 . Leg formula: IV-III-II-I. Abdomen dorsally yellowish-brown with white irregular marks, cardiac mark light brown. Abdomen ventrally light yellow with few white irregular marks  short and small, located in the median of bulb in ventral view and bent prolaterally; tegular apophysis (TA) four-branched, upper branch strongly sclerotic, with curled end and an outside tip, median branch small and rounded, two lower branches horn-like; embolic apophysis (EA) point to upward side of bulb and with serrated margin, dorsal embolic apophysis (EA) covered; tegular lobe I (TL I) large and thick, with two apophyses, upper apophysis pointed and lower apophysis rounded Fig. A\u2012C.Female: Total length 3.40. Carapace 1.03 long, 1.20 wide. Abdomen 2.57 long, 1.59 wide. Diameters of eyes: AME 0.08, ALE 0.07, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06. Interdistances of eyes: AME\u2012AME 0.10, AME\u2012ALE 0.04, PME\u2012PME 0.10, PME\u2012PLE 0.02, AME\u2012PME 0.01, ALE\u2012PLE 0.02. Measurements of legs: I 4.05 , II 4.44 , III 4.41 , IV 4.58 . Leg formula: IV-II-III-I. Colouration as in male, except cardiac mark dark brown, abdomen ventrally light yellow with white irregular marks  located in posterior side; copulatory ducts (CD) visible in ventral view; vulva with wrinkles in posterior side, left copulatory duct (CD) pointing to 1 o'clock; spermathecae (Sp) oval and membranous, located in anterior side Fig. .Oecobiusprzewalskyi can be distinguished from other Oecobius species by 1. tegular apophysis (TA) four-branched, upper branch with curled end and an outside tip, median branch small and rounded, two lower branches horn-like; 2. embolic apophysis (EA) with serrated margin; 3. tegular lobe I (TL I) thick, with two apophyses, upper apophysis pointed and lower apophysis rounded  visible in ventral view, left copulatory duct (CD) pointing to 1 o'clock  Fig. .O.przewalskyi, the left copulatory duct (CD) which is pointing to 1 o'clock and the two oval spermathecae (Sp) shown in the original illustrations (Fig. Although we did not examine the type specimens of ons Fig.  leave no"}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) are common respiratory illnesses in children. Two investigational vaccines, mRNA-1345, encoding the RSV prefusion stabilized F (preF) glycoprotein, and mRNA-1653, encoding the hMPV and PIV3 F glycoproteins, are in clinical trials.Two phase 1, randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled trials in children aged 12-59 months assessed safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-1345 (NCT04528719) and mRNA-1653 (NCT04144348). In the mRNA-1345 trial, RSV-seropositive children (N=46) were randomized to receive 3 doses of mRNA-1345 (15 \u00b5g or 30 \u00b5g) or placebo 2 months apart. In the mRNA-1653 trial, hMPV- and PIV3-seropositive children (N=27) were randomized to receive 2 doses of mRNA-1653 (10 \u00b5g or 30 \u00b5g) or placebo 2 months apart. Interim data through Month (M) 5 for mRNA-1345 and M3 for mRNA-1653 are reported.Fig 1A and 2A). One mRNA-1653 injection boosted hMPV and PIV3 nAb titers  and preF and postF bAb concentrations ; a second injection did not further increase antibody levels . In both trials, bAb responses were generally preF biased.mRNA-1345 and mRNA-1653 were well-tolerated. The most frequently reported solicited local adverse reaction (AR) was tenderness at injection site ; solicited systemic ARs  were mostly grade 1/2. One mRNA-1345 injection boosted RSV neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers  and RSV preF and postF binding antibody (bAb) concentrations ; additional injections did not further elevate antibody levels (In seropositive children aged 12-59 months, mRNA-1345 and mRNA-1653 were well-tolerated and boosted RSV and hMPV plus PIV3 antibodies, respectively, supporting their continued development and that of a combination RSV and hMPV vaccine.Matthew D. Snape, MBBS, MD, FRCPCH, FPM, FMedSci, Moderna Biotech UK, Inc.,: Employee|Moderna Biotech UK, Inc.,: Stocks/Bonds Sabine Schnyder Ghamloush, MD, Moderna, Inc.: Employee|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Grace L. Chen, MD, MPH, Moderna, Inc.: Employee|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Rakesh Dhar, MD, Moderna, Inc.: Employee|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Runa Mithani, PharmD, Moderna, Inc: Employee|Moderna, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Vinicius Righi, PharmD, MBA, Moderna, Inc.: Employee|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Louie Morsy, BS, Moderna, Inc.: Employee|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Archana Kapoor, PhD, Moderna, Inc.: Employee|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Bethany Girard, Ph.D., Moderna, Inc.: salary|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Laila El Asmar, PhD, Moderna, Inc.: Employee|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Christine A. Shaw, PhD, Moderna, Inc.: Employee|Moderna, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Correction: Cell Commun Signal 21, 297 (2023)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01329-4Following publication of the original article , the autThe funding note should read: This project was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), projects P 34867 , P 33073 (S.S.), and the PhD Program Molecular, Cellular and Clinical Allergology DK W1248-B30 ; the Government of Lower Austria Danube Allergy Research Cluster ; BioTechMed-Graz Flagship Project Secretome (S.S.); the OeAD WTZ grants CZ 06/2020 (A.S. and I.S.), PL 03/2022 (I.S.), RS 08/2022 (A.S. and I.S.), PL 04/2019 (I.S.), and CZ 07/2023 (I.S. and J.H.); and by European Union through MSCA-PF project LactoVES (Grant Agreement no. 101066450 (A.R.).Additional file 1 has also been correctly linked to the original article.The original article has been"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Benedetta Heimler. The correct citation is: Buchs G, Heimler B, Kerem M, Maidenbaum S, Braun L, Amedi A (2021) A self-training program for sensory substitution devices. PLoS ONE 16(4): e0250281."}
{"text": "Correction: Journal of Translational Medicine (2023) 21:449https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04292-3First name: MaysalounLast name: Merhi7Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab EmiratesFollowing publication of the original article , we have"}
{"text": "Drosophila, and mice. eLife10:e65092. doi: 10.7554/eLife.65092. Abrams NJ, Tan FH, Li Y, Basinger T, Heithe ML, Sarma A, Lee IT, Condiotte ZJ, Raffiee M, Dabiri JO, Gold DA, Goentoro L. 2021. A conserved strategy for inducing appendage regeneration in moon jellyfish, Published 7 December 2021There was an error in the Materials and methods of this article. This error (which was in the fourth sentence of the section \"Regeneration experiments\") has now been corrected.Drosophila were allocated randomly to vials with standard lab fly food (control) or standard lab fly food mixed with 1.7 mM L-Leucine (Sigma-Aldrich L8000), 1.7 mM L-Glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich G3126), and 33 \u03bcg/ml insulin .Corrected text: Recovering Drosophila were allocated randomly to vials with standard lab fly food (control) or standard lab fly food mixed with 5 mM L-Leucine (Sigma-Aldrich L8000), 5 mM L-Glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich G3126), and 0.1 mg/ml insulin .Original text: Recovering The article has been corrected accordingly."}
{"text": "Correction: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine (2023) 31:4010.1186/s13049-023-01108-7The Reference list of the original article  unfortunThe correct reference should read: Tao W, Jie C, Yujiang Z, et al. Preliminary investigation of building damage in Hatay under February 6, 2023 Turkey earthquakes. Earthq Eng Eng Vib. Published online July 4, 2023. doi:10.1007/s11803-023-2201-0.The original article has already been revised."}
{"text": "Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-023-42088-7, published online 07 October 2023Correction to: In this article Thomas E. Cope, Timothy D. Griffiths, Matthew A. Howard III and Christopher I. Petkov should have been denoted as equally contributing joint senior authors. The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Sunisa Chaiklieng. The correct citation is: Poochada W, Chaiklieng S (2022) Self-reported musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire for agriculturists: An online self-assessment tool development. PLoS ONE 17(12): e0277548."}
{"text": "Article title: WRH-2412 alleviates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through regulation of TGF-\u03b2/\u03b2-catenin/\u03b1-SMA pathwayAuthors: Mohammed A. F. Elewa, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Ahmed M. E. Hamdan, Samraa H. Abd El-kawi, Asmaa M. El-Kalaawy, Taghreed Majrashi, Reham F. Barghash, Hatem A. Abdel-Azizb, Khalid S. Hashem, Mohammed M. Al-GayyarJournal:Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal ChemistryBibliometrics: Volume 38, Number 1DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2023.2185761When the article has been previously published, an incorrect version of the figures were included. The correct version of the figures is as follows:The authors are not responsible for the errors and the online version of this paper has been corrected."}
{"text": "Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco, 1934 is a small genus of oonopid spiders that currently contains 20 species, of which five have been recorded in Yunnan, China.Camptoscaphiella, C.hudie Tong & Yang, sp. nov. , C.yinglefeng Tong & Yang, sp. nov.  and C.yujufeng Tong & Yang, sp. nov.  are described from Yunnan, China. Descriptions, diagnoses and photographs are provided.Three new species of  Oonopidae is a diverse spider family with 1932 extant described species in 115 genera. The genus Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco, 1934 is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical montane regions of Asia, mostly within the Himalayan Plateau. Only two species have been recorded in the Paci\ufb01c island of New Caledonia  mounted on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Scanning electron microscope images (SEM) were taken under high vacuum with a Hitachi S-4800, specimens were air-dried and sputter-coated using IXRF SYSTEMS. All measurements were taken using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope and are given in millimetres.Type material is deposited in Shenyang Normal University (SYNU) in Liaoning, China.The following abbreviations are used in the text and figures: ALE = anterior lateral eyes; ap = apodemes; as = anterior sclerite; cd = copulatory duct; PLE = posterior lateral eyes; PME = posterior median eyes; psr = posterior scutal ridge; rlf = retrolateral fold; spr = semicircular, prolateral rim; tmp = triangular median plate; tss = triangular sclerotised structure; va = ventral appendices; vp = ventral process.Tong & Yangsp. nov.6DD015E1-FB24-5F53-B5F7-5ACED40D90774BB6BDF4-09AB-4364-BC98-0CFEACB97393Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Rong Huang & Depeng Xu; individualID: SYNU-670; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; preparations: whole animal; occurrenceID: 8325A7FC-AB10-5A60-AE6B-5DFE1A6C48C3; Taxon: order: Araneae; family: Oonopidae; genus: Camptoscaphiella; specificEpithet: hudie; scientificNameAuthorship: Tong & Yang; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Dali City; locality: Cangshan Mountain, post-fire forest in 2008; verbatimCoordinates: 25\u00b038\u203252\u2033N, 100\u00b007\u203215\u2033E; Identification: identifiedBy: Yanfeng Tong; Event: eventDate: 15 November 2008Female (Holotype). Body: pale yellow, abdomen and legs yellowish-white; habitus as in Fig. Male: unknown.Camptoscaphiellapanchthar Baehr, 2010, but can be distinguished by the very small dorsal scutum of abdomen . Body: yellow, abdomen ventrally and laterally paler, whitish; habitus as in Fig. Female SYNU-694). Body: habitus as in Fig. . Body: hCamptoscaphiellatuberans Tong & Li, 2007, but can be distinguished by the cluster of black, strong setae on the labium . Body: pale yellow, abdomen paler; habitus as in Fig. Female: unknown.Camptoscaphiellayinglefeng sp. nov., but can be distinguished by the dorsal scutum ca. 1/3 of abdomen width  and Camptoscaphiellayujufeng sp. nov.  were collected from the same locality, Cangshan Mountain. The dorsal abdominal scutum of C.hudie is very small and narrow, quite different from that of C.yujufeng (compare Fig."}
{"text": "Drosophila melanogaster, before and after emergence, in order to uncover the transformation process of the muscles, nerves, and gut during development. Skeletal changes affect the original positions of the muscles. The muscles vary in size, not only becoming longer and broader, but also shorter and narrower. Different muscle shapes may appear during development. The number of bundles may also vary. The soft tissues in the body may fix the free ends of the growing muscles, and a strong adult skeleton likely causes the absence of some muscles and tendons. The flight muscles appear very early, probably to achieve full functionality of these very large adult-specific muscles in time. There are some differences during the same developmental period between the two sexes. Most muscles of the larvae and adults with similar attachment positions change their functions from supporting crawling to supporting flying and walking under the control of a more complex ventral nerve cord. The midguts of the larva and the adult are nearly the same.The developmental process, divided into four different stages , is the main reason for their remarkable diversification and expansion of the insect group Holometabola. Advanced morphological techniques have been used to demonstrate the 3D thoracic anatomical structures of the holometalous model organism fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a species of Holometabola, undergoes a series of transformations during metamorphosis. To deeply understand its development, it is crucial to study its anatomy during the key developmental stages. We describe the anatomical systems of the thorax, including the endoskeleton, musculature, nervous ganglion, and digestive system, from the late pupal stage to the adult stage, based on micro-CT and 3D visualizations. The development of the endoskeleton causes original and insertional changes in muscles. Several muscles change their shape during development in a non-uniform manner with respect to both absolute and relative size; some become longer and broader, while others shorten and become narrower. Muscular shape may vary during development. The number of muscular bundles also increases or decreases. Growing muscles are probably anchored by the tissues in the stroma. Some muscles and tendons are absent in the adult stage, possibly due to the hardened sclerites. Nearly all flight muscles are present by the third day of the pupal stage, which may be due to the presence of more myofibers with enough mitochondria to support flight power. There are sexual differences in the same developmental period. In contrast to the endodermal digestive system, the functions of most thoracic muscles change in the development from the larva to the adult in order to support more complex locomotion under the control of a more structured ventral nerve cord based on the serial homology proposed herein.The model organism  Holometabola, which comprises nearly 85% of insect diversity, includes more species than there are among plants or all other combined animal phyla . InsectsDrosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae), commonly known as the fruit fly, has been used for both medical and scientific research as a model organism [Drosophila. Relevant studies refer to the development of veins [D. melanogaster during metamorphosis using light microscopes has a long history.For over one hundred years, organism . Roughlyorganism . There iof veins , geneticof veins , or foldof veins . The skeD. melanogaster based on advanced morphological techniques. They also listed homologous muscles based on their own studies and those of Zalokar [Robertson  recorded Zalokar  and Mill Zalokar .D. melanogaster were recorded using micro-CT and computer-based 3D visualization, and are discussed herein. We also infer the serial homology of the larva to the adult according to a comparison of the anatomical structure of the third instar larva [www.flybase.org, accessed on 26 September 2023) [In this study, more detailed anatomical transformations of the thorax during the process of eclosion from the late pupal stage to after the emergence of the wild-type iso-1 of ar larva  with ourDrosophila melanogaster adults were provided by the Group of Computational Evolutionary Genomics, IOZCAS, and raised in a laboratory culture maintained at a constant temperature of 25 \u00b1 1 \u00b0C and 60% relative humidity under a 12 h\u201312 h light\u2013dark cycle. Eggs were collected 2 h after adult mating and then kept in a glass container. The gonad located in the penultimate segment of the abdomen of the third instar larva was observed with a microscope to distinguish between males and females. After that, the separated male and female larvae were transferred to two incubators, respectively. The larvae and adults were fed growth medium with preservative . Then, ten adult specimens of each male and female were collected each day from hatching to the third day (D1 to D3). All the specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol.The third day and the fourth day pupae and the first day and the third day adults were dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series (75%\u201385%\u201390%\u201395%\u2013100%) and dried at the critical point . They were scanned using a micro-CT . The thoracic part of each specimen was reconstructed three-dimensionally based on a micro-CT image stack  using AmThe terminology for the endoskeleton follows the work of Fabian et al. ; for musD. melanogaster : dorso-lateral area of pronotum; I (= insertion): dorso-lateral area of occiput. Slender, slightly bent backwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: Slender, bent backwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Absent.AD1: Female: Slender, bent backwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: dorso-lateral area of pronotum; I: dorso-lateral area of occiput. Slender, bent backwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is bent backwards from PD3 to AD1 and straight on AD3. Male: The muscle is bent backwards on AD1 and straight on AD3.PD3: Female: O: meso-lateral area of mesoscutum; I: dorso-lateral area of occiput. Long, bent lateralward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: meso-lateral area of mesoscutum; I: dorso-lateral area of occiput. Long, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Long isosceles triangle, long and broad, bent lateralward, narrowing towards occiput. Male: Long isosceles triangle, long and broad, bent lateralward, narrowing towards occiput.AD1: Female: Long isosceles triangle, long and broad, bent lateralward, narrowing towards occiput. Male: Approximate long rectangle, long and slender, straight.AD3: Female: Approximate long rectangle, long and slender, bent lateralward. Male: Long rectangle, straight.Developmental changes: Female: The original end becomes broader on PD4 and narrower on AD3. The muscle is bent backwards from PD3 to AD1 and straight on AD3. Male: The original end becomes broader on PD4, narrower and bent on AD1. The muscle is straight on PD3, AD1 and AD3 and bent lateralward on PD4.PD3: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.AD1: Female: Absent. Male: O: dorso-lateral area of pronotum; I: dorso-lateral area of occiput. Long rectangle, short, slightly bent backwards.AD3: Female: O: dorso-lateral area of pronotum; I: dorso-lateral area of occiput. Long rectangle, short, slightly bent backwards. Male: Long rectangle, short, slightly bent backwards.Developmental changes: Male: No changes from AD1 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: lateral cervical sclerite; I: dorso-lateral area of occiput. Long rectangle, slender, slightly bent backwards. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: Long triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite. Male: O: lateral cervical sclerite; I: dorso-lateral area of occiput. Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: Long triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite. Male: Short and slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Long triangle, broad, slightly bent backwards, narrowing towards occiput. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards occiput.Developmental changes: Female: The original end becomes broader on AD3; the insertional end becomes broader on PD4 and narrower on AD3. The muscle is slightly bent backwards on PD3 and AD3 and straight on PD4 and AD1. Male: The original end becomes broader on AD3.PD3: Female: O: lateral cervical sclerite; I: dorso-lateral area of occiput. Short, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: lateral cervical sclerite; I: dorso-lateral area of occiput. Long isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards occiput.PD4: Female: Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Long isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards occiput.AD1: Female: Long isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite.AD3: Female: Long isosceles triangle, straight narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite. Male: Triangle, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite.Developmental changes: Female: The insertional end becomes broader on AD1. Male: The original end becomes narrower on AD1; the insertional end becomes broader on AD1.PD3: Female: O: dorso-lateral area of pronotum; I: protrochanter. Long and slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: dorso-lateral area of pronotum; I: protrochanter. Long and slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Long, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Long and slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: Long isosceles triangle, long, straight, narrowing towards protrochanter. Male: Long isosceles triangle, long, straight, narrowing towards protrochanter.AD3: Female: Long isosceles triangle, long, straight, narrowing towards protrochanter. Male: Long isosceles triangle, long, straight, narrowing towards protrochanter.Developmental changes: Female: The original end becomes broader on AD1. Male: The original end becomes broader on AD1.PD3: Female: O: ventro-lateral area of occiput; I: antero-dorsal area of profurca. Long triangle, slightly bent upwards, narrowing towards occiput. Male: O: ventro-lateral area of occiput; I: antero-dorsal area of profurca. Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards occiput. Male: Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards occiput. Male: Long isosceles triangle, slender, straight, narrowing towards occiput.AD3: Female: Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Long isosceles triangle, straight, narrowing towards occiput.Developmental changes: Female: The insertional end becomes broader on PD4 and narrower on AD3. The muscle is bent upwards on PD3 and straight from PD4 to AD3. Male: The insertional end becomes broader on AD1.PD3: Female: O: lateral cervical sclerite; I: antero-dorsal area of propleural apophysis. Approximate isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards propleural apophysis. Male: O: lateral cervical sclerite; I: antero-dorsal area of propleural apophysis. Flat triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards propleural apophysis.PD4: Female: Flat isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards propleural apophysis. Male: Flat triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards propleural apophysis.AD1: Female: Flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards propleural apophysis. Male: Flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards propleural apophysis.AD3: Female: Flat trapezoid, short, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite. Male: Flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards propleural apophysis.Developmental changes: Female: The original end becomes straight on PD4, and the insertional end becomes broader on AD3. Male: No changes from PD3 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: antero-lateral margin of procoxal rim; I: lateral cervical sclerite. Long isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite. Male: O: antero-lateral margin of procoxal rim; I: lateral cervical sclerite. Long triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite.PD4: Female: Long isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite. Male: Long isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite.AD1: Female: Long isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite. Male: Long isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards procoxa.AD3: Female: Long isosceles triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards lateral cervical sclerite. Male: Long rectangle, short.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from PD3 to AD3. Male: The original end becomes narrower on AD1 and broader on AD3; the insertional end becomes broader on AD1.PD3: Female: O: anterior area of mesanepisternum; I: lateral margin of procoxal rim. Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: anterior area of mesanepisternum; I: lateral margin of procoxal rim. Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Slender, slightly bent downwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Long triangle, slightly bent backwards, narrowing towards procoxa.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from PD3 to AD3. Male: The muscle is straight on PD3 and AD1, slightly bent downwards on PD4 and slightly bent backwards on AD3. The original end becomes broader on AD3.PD3: Female: O: antero-lateral area of profurcal arm; I: lateral cervical sclerite. Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Absent. The muscle is present only in the female.PD4: Female: Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: antero-lateral area of profurcal arm; I: extends towards lateral cervical sclerite. Short, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. The muscle is in the process of development.AD1: Female: Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: antero-lateral area of profurcal arm; I: extends towards lateral cervical sclerite. Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. The muscle is in the process of development.AD3: Female: Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: antero-lateral area of profurcal arm; I: lateral cervical sclerite. Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from PD3 to AD3. Male: The muscle extends forwards until it connects with the lateral cervical sclerite on AD3.PD3: Female: O: antero-dorsal area of profurca; I: ventro-lateral area of occiput. Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: antero-dorsal area of profurca; I: ventro-lateral area of occiput. Long triangle, slightly bent lateralward, narrowing towards occiput.PD4: Female: Approximate parallelogram, broad, slightly bent lateralward. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards occiput.AD1: Female: Long isosceles triangle, straight, narrowing towards occiput. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards occiput.AD3: Female: Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Long isosceles triangle, straight, narrowing towards occiput.Developmental changes: Female: The original end becomes broader on PD4 and narrower on AD3; the insertional end becomes broader on PD4 and narrower on AD1. The muscle is straight on PD3, AD1 and AD3 and lightly bent lateralward on PD4. Male: The muscle is slightly bent lateralward on PD3 and straight from PD4 toAD3.PD3: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of profurca; I: extends to mesofurca. Approximate parallelogram, straight. The muscle is in the process of development. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of profurca; I: extends to mesofurca. Approximate parallelogram, slightly bent lateralward. The muscle is in the process of development.PD4: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of profurca; I: antero-dorsal area of mesofurca. Parallelogram, straight. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of profurca; I: extends towards mesofurca. Approximate parallelogram, slightly bent lateralward.AD1: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of profurca; I: antero-dorsal area of mesofurca. Parallelogram, straight. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of profurca; I: antero-dorsal area of mesofurca. Approximate parallelogram, slightly bent lateralward.AD3: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle extends backwards until it connects with the antero-dorsal area of the mesofurca on PD4. Male: The muscle extends backwards until it connects with the mesofurca on AD1.PD3: Female: O: central area of probasisternum; I: antero-lateral margin of procoxal rim. Long triangle, slightly bend backwards, narrowing towards procoxa. Male: O: central area of probasisternum; I: antero-lateral margin of procoxal rim. Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards procoxa.PD4: Female: O: discrimen of probasisternum; I: antero-lateral margin of procoxal rim. Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards procoxa. Male: O: central area of probasisternum; I: antero-lateral margin of procoxal rim. Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards procoxa.AD1: Female: Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards procoxa. Male: O: discrimen of probasisternum; I: antero-lateral margin of procoxal rim. Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards procoxa.AD3: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards procoxa. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards procoxa.Developmental changes: Female: The original site changes from the central area to the discrimen of the probasisternum on PD4. The original end becomes bent on PD4 and straight on AD3. The muscle is slightly bent backwards on PD3 and straight from PD4 to AD3. Male: The original site changes from the central area to the discrimen of the probasisternum on AD1.PD3: Female: O: latero-ventral area of profurcal arm; I: postero-lateral margin of procoxal rim. Two bundles, long triangle, straight, narrowing towards procoxa. Male: O: latero-ventral area of profurcal arm; I: postero-lateral margin of procoxal rim. One bundle, short, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Two bundles, long triangle, straight, narrowing towards procoxa. Male: One bundle, long triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards profurca.AD1: Female: One bundle, approximate parallelogram, slightly bent forwards. Male: One bundle, long triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards procoxa.AD3: Female: One bundle, long triangle, straight, narrowing towards procoxa. Male: Two bundles, long triangular, straight, narrowing towards procoxa.Developmental changes: Female: Two bundles combine as one bundle on AD1. The insertional end becomes broader on AD1 and narrower on AD3. The muscle is straight on PD3, PD4 and AD3 and slightly bent forwards on AD1. Male: One bundle is divided into two bundles on AD3. The original end becomes broader on PD4 and narrower on AD1; the insertional end becomes broader on AD1.PD3: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.AD1: Female: O: ventro-inner area of the profurcal arm; I: protrochanter. Long triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards protrochanter. Male: Absent.AD3: Female: Long triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards procoxa. Male: O: ventro-inner area of the profurcal arm; I: protrochanter. Long triangle, short, straight, narrowing towards protrochanter.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from AD1 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: anterior to central area of mesoscutum; I: mesophragma. Several bundles fuse together, long and broad. Male: O: anterior to central area of mesoscutum; I: mesophragma. Several bundles fuse together, long and broad.PD4: Female: Several bundles fuse together, long and broad. Male: Several bundles fuse together, long and broad.AD1: Female: Several bundles fuse together, long and broad. Male: Several bundles fuse together, long and broad.AD3: Female: Several bundles fuse together, long and broad. Male: Several bundles fuse together, long and broad.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from PD3 to AD3. Male: No changes from PD3 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: latero-central area of mesoscutum; I: lateral area of mesophragma. Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight. Male: O: latero-central area of mesoscutum; I: lateral area of mesophragma. Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight.PD4: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight.AD1: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight.AD3: Female: Two bundles, long and broad, approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is divided into two bundles on AD3. Male: No changes from PD3 to AD3.PD3: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: O: antero-lateral area of mesoscutellum; I: postero-lateral area of mesoscutellum. Long triangle, straight, narrowing backwards. Male: O: antero-lateral area of mesoscutellum; I: postero-lateral area of mesoscutellum. Long triangle, short, straight, narrowing backwards.AD1: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing backwards. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing backwards.AD3: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing backwards. Male: Long triangle, short, straight, narrowing backwards.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from PD4 to AD3. Male: No changes from PD4 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: antero-lateral area of mesoscutum; I: ventral area of mesopreepisternum. Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, slightly bent backwards. Male: O: antero-lateral area of mesoscutum; I: ventral area of mesopreepisternum. Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, slightly bent backwards.PD4: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, bent backwards. Male: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, slightly bent backwards.AD1: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight.AD3: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, slightly bent backwards. Male: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is bent backwards on PD3, PD4 and AD3 and straight on AD1. Male: The muscle is slightly bent backwards on PD3 and PD4 and straight on AD1 and AD3.PD3: Female: O: latero-central area of mesoscutum; I: postero-lateral margin of mesocoxal rim. Long and broad. Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight. Male: O: latero-central area of mesoscutum; I: postero-lateral margin of mesocoxal rim. Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight.PD4: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight.AD1: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight.AD3: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, long and broad, slightly bent backwards.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from PD3 to AD3. Male: The muscle is straight from PD3 to AD1 and slightly bent backwards on AD3.PD3: Female: O: lateral area of mesoscutum; I: mesotrochanter. Long triangle, long and broad, slightly bent forwards, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: O: lateral area of mesoscutum; I: mesotrochanter. Approximate long triangle, long and broad, slightly bent forwards, narrowing towards mesotrochanter.PD4: Female: Long triangle, long and broad, slightly bent forwards, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: Approximate long triangle, long and broad, slightly bent forwards, narrowing towards mesotrochanter.AD1: Female: Long triangle, long and broad, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: Approximate long triangle, long and broad, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter.AD3: Female: Long triangle, long and broad, curved, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: Approximate long triangle, long and broad, curved, narrowing towards mesotrochanter.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is slightly bent forwards on PD3 and PD4, straight on AD1 and curved on AD3. Male: The muscle is slight bent forwards on PD3, PD4, straight on AD1 and curved on AD3.PD3: Female: O: antero-lateral margin of mesoscutum; I: antero-dorsal area of mesanepisternum. Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: O: antero-lateral margin of mesoscutum; I: antero-dorsal area of mesanepisternum. Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.PD4: Female: Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD1: Female: O: antero-lateral margin of mesoscutum; I: mesobasalare. Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: O: antero-lateral margin of mesoscutum; I: mesobasalare. Approximate parallelogram, straight.AD3: Female: Approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, straight.Developmental changes: Female: The insertional site changes from antero-dorsal area of the mesanepisternum to the mesobasalare on AD1. The original end becomes broader on AD3. Male: The insertional site changes from antero-dorsal area of the mesanepisternum to the mesobasalare on AD1. The original end becomes broader on AD1.PD3: Female: O: dorsal area of mesopleural apophysis; I: lateral area of mesoscutum. Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD1: Female: Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesosctum.AD3: Female: Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle becomes broader on PD4 and narrower on AD3. Male: The muscle is flat triangle-shaped on PD4 and AD3 and long triangle-shaped on AD1.PD3: Female: O: lateral area of mesoscutum; I: postero-dorsal area of mesanepisternum. Slightly bent medialward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: lateral area of mesoscutum; I: postero-dorsal area of mesanepisternum. Short, bent medialward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Slightly bent medialward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Slightly bent medialward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: O: postero-lateral area of mesoscutum; I: mesobasalare. Straight, broad medially, narrowing towards both ends; longer than that on PD4. Male: O: postero-lateral area of mesoscutum; I: mesobasalare. Long and slender, slightly bent medialward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Long, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.Developmental changes: Female: The insertional site changes from the postero-dorsal area of the mesanepisternum to the mesobasalare on AD1. The muscle is slight bent medialward on PD3 and PD4 and straight on AD1 and AD3. Male: The insertional position changes from the postero-dorsal area of the mesanepisternum to the mesobasalare on AD1. The muscle is bent medialward from PD3 to AD1 and straight on AD3.PD3: Female: O: antero-dorsal area of mesanepisternum; I: lateral margin of mesoscutum. Long isosceles triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: O: ventral area of mesanepisternum; I: lateral area of mesoscutum. Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.PD4: Female: O: ventral area of mesanepisternum; I: lateral area of mesoscutum. Approximate flat triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD1: Female: Long isosceles triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD3: Female: Long isosceles triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.Developmental changes: Female: The original site changes from the antero-dorsal area to the ventral area of the mesanepisternum on PD4. The muscle is long isosceles triangle-shaped on PD3, AD1 and AD3 and approximate flat triangle-shaped on PD4. Male: The original end becomes bent on AD1.PD3: Female: O: ventral area of mesanepisternum; I: lateral area of mesoscutum. Long triangle, bent medialward, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: O: ventral area of mesanepisternum; I: lateral area of mesoscutum. Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.PD4: Female: Long triangle, bent medialward, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Long triangle, bent medialward, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD1: Female: Two bundles; anterior one: parallelogram, straight; posterior one: long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD3: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Two bundles; anterior one: long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum; posterior one: long triangle, slightly bent medialward, narrowing towards mesoscutum.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is divided into two bundles on AD1, and the two bundles combine as one bundle again on AD3. Male: The muscle is divided into two bundles on AD3.PD3: Female: O: posterior area of mesopleural apophysis; I: postero-lateral margin of mesoscutum. Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: posterior area of mesopleural apophysis; I: postero-lateral margin of mesoscutum. Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.PD4: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Long triangle, slender, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD1: Female: Long triangle, slender, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD3: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.Developmental changes: Female: The original end become broader on PD4. Male: No changes from PD3 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: central area of mesanepisternum; I: lateral margin of mesoscutum. Long triangle, bent medialward, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: O: central area of mesanepisternum; I: lateral margin of mesoscutum. Slightly bent medialward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Long triangle, slightly bent medialward, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Long triangle, slightly bent medialward, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD1: Female: Long isosceles triangle, slightly bent medialward, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD3: Female: Long isosceles triangle, slightly bent medialward, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is long triangle-shaped on PD3 and PD4 and long isosceles triangle-shaped on AD1 and AD3. The insertional end becomes narrow on PD4. Male: The original end becomes broader on PD4. The muscle is slightly bent medialward on PD3 and PD4 and straight on AD1 and AD3.PD3: Female: O: posterior area of mesopleural apophysis; I: lateral area of mesoscutum. Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: anterior area of mesopleural apophysis; I: lateral area of mesoscutum. Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Two bundles; anterior one: long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum; posterior one: straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: dorsal area of mesopleural apophysis; I: lateral area of mesoscutum. Two bundles; anterior one: approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum; posterior one: straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Two bundles; anterior one: approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum; posterior one: straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is divided into two bundles on PD4, and the two bundles combine as one bundle again on AD1. The original end becomes broader on AD1. Male: The original site changes from the anterior area to the dorsal area of the mesopleural apophysis from on PD4. The original end becomes straight on AD3. The muscle is divided into two bundles on PD4, and the two bundles combine as one bundle again on AD3.PD3: Female: O: dorsal area of mesopleural apophysis; I: lateral margin of mesoscutum. Short, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: anterior area of mesopleural apophysis; I: lateral margin of mesoscutum. Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Two bundles; anterior one: approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesopleural apophysis; posterior one: approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: O: dorsal area of mesopleural apophysis; I: lateral margin of mesoscutum. Two bundles; anterior one: approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesopleural apophysis; posterior one: approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesopleural apophysis.AD1: Female: Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesocutum. Male: Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.AD3: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum. Male: Approximate long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is divided into two bundles on PD4, and the two bundles combine as one bundle again on AD1. The original end becomes broader on AD1. Male: The original site changes from the anterior area to the posterior-dorsal area of the mesopleural apophysis on PD4. The muscle is divided into two bundles on PD4, and the two bundles combine as one bundle again on AD1. The original end becomes broader on AD1.PD3: Female: O: dorso-lateral area of mesofurca; I: dorsal area of mesopleural apophysis. Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesopleural apophysis. Male: O: dorso-lateral area of mesofurca; I: dorsal area of mesopleural apophysis. Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesopleural apophysis.PD4: Female: Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesopleural apophysis. Male: Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesopleural apophysis.AD1: Female: Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesopleural apophysis. Male: Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesopleural apophysis. The muscles in both the female and male are the same.AD3: Female: Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesopleural apophysis. Male: Approximate flat triangle, broad, straight, narrowing towards mesoscutum.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from PD3 to AD3. Male: No changes from PD3 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: ventral area of mesopleural apophysis; I: mesotrochanter. Long triangle, long, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: O: ventral area of mesopleural apophysis; I: mesotrochanter. Long triangle, long and broad, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. The muscles in both the female and male are the same.PD4: Female: Long triangle, long and broad, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: Long triangle, long and broad, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter.AD1: Female: Approximate long triangle, long and broad, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: Approximate long triangle, long and broad, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter.AD3: Female: Approximate long triangle, long and broad, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: Approximate long triangle, long and broad, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter.Developmental changes: Female: The original end becomes bent on AD1. Male: The original end becomes bent on AD1.PD3: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of mesofurca; I: extends to metafurca. Trapezoid, short, straight. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of mesofurca; I: extends towards metafurca. Approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of mesofurca; I: extends towards metafurca. Short, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of mesofurca; I: antero-dorsal area of metafurca. Slender, slightly bent medialward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of mesofurca; I: antero-dorsal area of metafurca. Long triangle, slender, straight, narrowing towards metafurca.AD3: Female: Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Slender, slightly bent medialward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle extends backward until connects with the antero-dorsal area of the metafurca on AD1. Both the original end and the insertional end become broader on PD4 and narrower on AD1. The muscle is straight on PD3, PD4 and AD3 and slightly bent medialward on AD1. Male: The muscle extends backward until connects with the antero-dorsal area of the metafurca on AD1. The original end becomes broader on AD1 and narrower on AD3. The muscle is straight on PD4 and AD1 and slightly bent medialward on AD3.PD3: Female: O: ventral discrimen of mesofurca; I: antero-inner margin of mesocoxal rim. Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesocoxa. Male: O: ventral discrimen of mesofurca; I: antero-inner margin of mesocoxal rim. Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesocoxa.PD4: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesocoxa. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesocoxa.AD1: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesocoxa. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesocoxa.AD3: Female: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesocoxa. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesocoxa.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from PD3 to AD3. Male: No changes from PD3 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: posterior area of mesofurca; I: posterior margin of mesocoxal rim. Approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: O: posterior area of mesofurca; I: posterior margin of mesocoxal rim. Slightly bent downwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Approximate parallelogram, broad, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, straight.AD1: Female: Approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, straight.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from PD3 to AD3. Male: The original end and the insertional end become broader on PD4 and AD3 and narrower on AD1. The muscle is slightly bent downwards on PD3 and straight from PD4 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: ventral area of mesofurca; I: mesotrochanter. Two bundles; anterior one: long triangle, slender, slightly bent forwards, narrowing towards mesotrochaner; posterior one: slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: ventral area of mesofurca; I: mesotrochanter. One bundle, approximate parallelogram, slender, straight.PD4: Female: Two bundles, long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: Two bundles, long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter.AD1: Female: Two bundles, long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: Two bundles, long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter.AD3: Female: Two bundles, long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter. Male: Two bundles, long triangle, straight, narrowing towards mesotrochanter.Developmental changes: Female: The original end of the posterior bundle becomes broader on PD4. The muscle is slightly bent forwards on PD3 and straight from PD4 to AD3. Male: The muscle is divided into two bundles on PD4.PD3: Female: O: posterior area of metapleural apophysis; I: postero-lateral area of mesoscutum. Approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: O: posterior area of metapleural apophysis; I: postero-lateral area of mesoscutum. Short, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of metapleural apophysis; I: postero-lateral area of mesoscutum. Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards metapleural apophysis. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of metafurca; I: postero-lateral area of mesoscutum. Long and slender, curved, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.AD3: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.Developmental changes: Female: The original end becomes narrower on PD4. Male: The tendon is straight on PD3 and curved on PD4.PD3: Female: O: dorsal area of metapleuron; I: antero-lateral margin of metacoxal rim. Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: central area of metapleuron; I: lateral margin of metacoxal rim. Short, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Approximate parallelogram, slender, straight. Male: O: dorsal area of metapleuron; I: antero-lateral area of metacoxal rim. Long and slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of metapleuron; I: antero-lateral margin of metacoxal rim. Approximate parallelogram, slender, straight. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of metapleuron; I: antero-lateral margin of metacoxal rim. Long and slender, slightly bent lateralward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long and slender, straight. Male: Long and slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.Developmental changes: Female: The original site changes from the central area to the postero-dorsal area of the metapleuron on PD4. Both the original end and the insertional end become broader on PD4. Male: The original site changes from the central area to the dorsal area of the metapleuron on PD4, and to the postero-dorsal area of the metapleuron on AD1. The insertional site changes from the lateral margin of the metacoxal rim to the lateral area of the metabasisternum on PD4. The muscle is straight on PD3, PD4 and AD3 and slightly bent lateralward on AD1.PD3: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: O: dorso-lateral area of metafurca; I: metapleural apophysis. Approximate parallelogram, broad, straight. Male: Absent.AD1: Female: Approximate parallelogram, short, straight. Male: O: dorso-lateral area of metafurca; I: metapleural apophysis. Short and slender, bent backwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Short and slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Long triangle, short, slightly bent forwards, narrowing towards metapleural apophysis.Developmental changes: Female: Both the original end and insertional end becomes narrower on AD3. Male: The original end becomes broader on AD3. The muscle is bent backwards on AD1 and slightly bent forwards on AD3.PD3: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of metafurca; I: intersegmental sclerite between metathorax and abdominal pleura. Approximate parallelogram, slightly bent upwards. Male: Absent.AD1: Female: Approximate parallelogram, slightly bent upwards. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of metafurca; I: intersegmental sclerite between metathorax and abdominal pleura. Approximate parallelogram, straight.AD3: Female: Approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, straight.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is slightly bent upwards on PD4 and AD1 and straight on AD3. Male: No changes from AD1 to AD3.PD3: Female: Absent. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of metapleuron; I: antero-lateral margin of metacoxal rim. Long and slender, slightly bent lateralward, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Absent. Male: Long and slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of metapleuron; I: antero-lateral margin of metacoxal rim. Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Slender; straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Slender, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.Developmental changes: Female: No changes from AD1 to AD3. Male: The muscle is slightly bent lateralward on PD3 and straight from PD4 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of metapleuron; I: metatrochanter. Long and slender, bent forwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of metapleuron; I: metatrochanter. Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Long and slender, bent forwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Long and slender, slightly bent backwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: Slender, bent forwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Long and slender, bent forwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Long triangle, long, straight, narrowing towards metatrochanter.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is bent forwards from PD3 to AD1 and straight on AD3. Male: The original end becomes broader on AD3. The muscle is straight on PD3 and AD3, bent backwards on PD4 and bent forwards on AD1.PD3: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of metafurca; I: abdominal sternite. Long triangle, slender, slightly bent lateralward, narrowing towards abdomen. Male: Absent.AD1: Female: Long triangle, slender, straight, narrowing towards abdomen. Male: Absent.AD3: Female: Long triangle, slender, straight, narrowing towards abdomen. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of metafurca; I: abdominal sternite. Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards abdomen.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is slightly bent lateralward on PD4 and straight on AD1 and AD3. Male: The muscle is present only on AD3.PD3: Female: Absent. Male: Absent.PD4: Female: O: postero-ventral area of metafurca; I: antero-inner margin of metacoxal rim. Approximate parallelogram, broad, straight. Male: O: postero-ventral area of metafurca; I: antero-inner margin of metacoxal rim. Approximate parallelogram, straight.AD1: Female: Approximate parallelogram, broad, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, straight.AD3: Female: Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: Approximate parallelogram, straight.Developmental changes: Female: Both the original end and insertional end become narrower on AD3. Male: No changes from PD4 to AD3.PD3: Female: O: posterior area of metafurca; I: postero-inner margin of metacoxal rim. Approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: O: posterior area of metafurca; I: postero-inner margin of metacoxal rim. Straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Approximate parallelogram, broad, slightly bent downwards. Male: Short and slender, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: Approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: Long triangle, straight, narrowing towards metafurca.AD3: Female: Approximate parallelogram, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, straight.Developmental changes: Female: The muscle is straight on PD3, AD1 and AD3 and slightly bent downwards on PD4. Male: The insertional end becomes narrower on AD1 and broader on AD3.PD3: Female: O: postero-dorsal area of metafurca; I: metatrochanter. Long, slightly bent backwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends. Male: O: postero-dorsal area of metafurca; I: metatrochanter. Long, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.PD4: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long, straight. Male: Long, slightly bent forwards, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD1: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long, straight. Male: Long, straight, broad medially and narrowing towards both ends.AD3: Female: Approximate parallelogram, long, straight. Male: Approximate parallelogram, long, straight.Developmental changes: Female: Both the original end and the insertional end become broader on PD4. The muscle is slightly bent backwards on PD3 and straight from PD4 to AD3. Male: Both the original end and insertional end become broader on AD3. The muscle is straight on PD3, AD1 and AD3 and slightly bent forwards on PD4.PD3 vnc: G,H: The PD4 vnc: G,H: AnteAD1 , which are considered homologous with the mesothoracic dorsal segmental longitudinal muscles of the larva and are the principal wing depressors and levators, provide power for flight . The proTo achieve complex flight movements, the adult also develops direct flight muscles, specifically the tergo-pleural muscles IItpm1\u20139, which attach to the wing base sclerites. Those muscles in the pterothorax function as the wing pronator or supinator . Heming The entire central nervous system in the larva is located in the metathorax and the first abdominal segment, and lacks a defined segmental ventral nervous cord . In the Both the larva and adult have cardia in the anterior area of the midgut. The diameters of the midgut and the salivary gland from the thoracic ventral area to the abdomen gradually increase. The salivary gland in the larva is larger than that in the adult. The general similarity in the midguts might suggest that the adult and larva have similar feeding habits, such as fermenting fruits . HartensD. melanogaster from the third day of the pupal stage to the third day after emergence. The endoskeleton, musculature, ventral nerve cord, and digestive system are exhibited and described in detail using micro-CT and 3D visualization. The original sites of some muscles change as the endoskeleton develops. Changes in muscular size during metamorphosis not only include becoming longer or broader, but also becoming shorter or narrower, in both absolute and relative terms. The muscular shape during development might be different. The number of muscular bundles can also increase or decrease. The free ends of the growing muscles might be anchored by the soft tissues in the stroma. The increased sclerization of the adult probably causes the loss of some muscles and tendons. Almost all the flight muscles were present on PD3, and completed their development on AD1, probably because the flight muscles need numerous myofibers with enough mitochondria to meet aerodynamic power requirements. There are some differences between the male and the female muscles, ventral nerve cord, and digestive system in the same developmental period. We propose most thoracic muscles have changed their functions from supporting peristalsis in larvae to supporting flight and walking in adults, although the serial homology during metamorphosis might be inconclusive. The ventral nerve cord in the adult has obvious neuromeres with more commissures to control the more complicated locomotion and receive multimodal sensory input. The similarity in the endodermal digestive systems of larvae and adults might reflect their similar feeding habits. In the future, we will continue to demonstrate the anatomical structures of other body segments and other stages during metamorphosis, including eggs, larvae, and the early pupal stage, using a wider variety of morphological techniques.This study shows the morphological transformation of the thorax of"}
{"text": "Amolopsshihaitaoi) was recently discovered from southern China and northern Vietnam in 2022. The knowledge about natural history and feeding ecology of this species is virtually lacking.The Hekou Torrent Frog . A total of 36 prey categories with 529 items, comprising 515 items of invertebrates and 14 unidentified items, were found in the stomachs of A.shihaitaoi. The dominant prey items of the species were Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Orthoptera (Acrididae), Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera other), Mantodea (Mantidae) and Araneae. The importance index (Ix) of prey categories ranged from 7.1% to 11.5%. Hymenoptera (Formicidae) had the highest frequency of prey items, found in 36 stomachs.Based on our recent fieldwork in northern Vietnam, we report a new population of  Studying dietary ecology is crucial for understanding natural history, population fluctuations and the impact of habitat change on frog populations . IdentifDiet differences between sexes may occur due to differences in energy expenditure and behaviour  or in reAmolops Cope, 1865 currently contains 74 predominantly diurnal species that inhabit forest streams  was originally described from southern China (Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces) and northern Vietnam  by Amolopsshihaiaoi from Ha Giang Province and provide the novel data on dietary ecology.The Hekou Torrent Frog . The index of relative importance (IRI) was used to determine the importance of each food category. This index provides a more informed estimation of prey item consumption than any of the three components alone, using the following formula: IRI = (%F + %N + %V)/3  and taxonomic identification keys i.e. . The max + %V)/3 , where Fey items .To estimate prey evenness, we used Shannon\u2019s Index of Evenness. Evenness is calculated from the equation: J\u2032 = H\u2032/Hmax = H\u2032/lnS. Hmax is the maximum diversity that could occur if all taxa had equal abundance. H\u2032 = Hmax = lnS, S is the total number of prey taxa and H' is the Shannon-Weiner index of taxon diversity, calculated from the equation: H\u2032 = \u2013\u2211(Pi\u00d7lnPi), where Pi is the proportion of total prey items belonging to the taxon for the total prey items of the sample .Statistic analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 software , with the significance level set to P < 0.05 for all analyses. Data are presented as mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise noted. We used Kendall\u2019s tau b statistics to examine the number of prey items and prey volume from frogs of different sexes. We used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the size of prey items collected between sexes.A.shihaitaoi were collected from Ha Giang Province for stomach flushing.For taxonomic identification, four individuals were collected as morphological analysis. In addition, a total of 40 adult individuals  of Wang, Li, Du, Hou & Yu, 202296AB542A-0E70-5F73-BC46-014043073680https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Ranidae/Amolops/Amolops-shihaitaoiType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: LV 53; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: F7C18AED-1D84-568E-ACB1-E231A190C353; Taxon: scientificNameID: Amolopsshihaitaoi; scientificName: Amolopsshihaitaoi; class: Amphibia; order: Anura; family: Ranidae; genus: Amolops; specificEpithet: shihaitaoi; scientificNameAuthorship: Wang, Li, Du, Hou & Yu, 2022; Location: country: Vietnam; countryCode: VN; stateProvince: Ha Giang; county: Ha Giang; municipality: Phuong Do; locality: near Lung Vai Village; verbatimElevation: 850 m; verbatimLatitude: 22\u00b049'50''N; verbatimLongitude: 104\u00b053'51''E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventDate: August 08; eventTime: 2022; eventRemarks: collected by N.V. Hoang and S. Silyavong; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Amphibians; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: LV 57; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 19DB3F80-2BF4-506C-9B98-59A11463C6B3; Taxon: scientificNameID: Amolopsshihaitaoi; scientificName: Amolopsshihaitaoi; class: Amphibia; order: Anura; family: Ranidae; genus: Amolops; specificEpithet: shihaitaoi; scientificNameAuthorship: Wang, Li, Du, Hou & Yu, 2023; Location: country: Vietnam; countryCode: VN; stateProvince: Ha Giang; county: Ha Giang; municipality: Phuong Do; locality: near Lung Vai Village; verbatimElevation: 850 m; verbatimLatitude: 22\u00b049'50''N; verbatimLongitude: 104\u00b053'51''E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventDate: August 08; eventTime: 2022; eventRemarks: collected by N.V. Hoang and S. Silyavong; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Amphibians; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: LV 34; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 417C2CA5-B977-522E-A43C-242460636B42; Taxon: scientificNameID: Amolopsshihaitaoi; scientificName: Amolopsshihaitaoi; class: Amphibia; order: Anura; family: Ranidae; genus: Amolops; specificEpithet: shihaitaoi; scientificNameAuthorship: Wang, Li, Du, Hou & Yu, 2024; Location: country: Vietnam; countryCode: VN; stateProvince: Ha Giang; county: Ha Giang; municipality: Phuong Do; locality: near Lung Vai Village; verbatimElevation: 850 m; verbatimLatitude: 22\u00b049'50''N; verbatimLongitude: 104\u00b053'51''E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventDate: August 08; eventTime: 2022; eventRemarks: collected by N.V. Hoang and S. Silyavong; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Amphibians; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: LV 59; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: A1C87F5B-3270-5C69-9760-39D16CB01387; Taxon: scientificNameID: Amolopsshihaitaoi; scientificName: Amolopsshihaitaoi; class: Amphibia; order: Anura; family: Ranidae; genus: Amolops; specificEpithet: shihaitaoi; scientificNameAuthorship: Wang, Li, Du, Hou & Yu, 2025; Location: country: Vietnam; countryCode: VN; stateProvince: Ha Giang; county: Ha Giang; municipality: Phuong Do; locality: near Lung Vai Village; verbatimElevation: 850 m; verbatimLatitude: 22\u00b049'50''N; verbatimLongitude: 104\u00b053'51''E; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventDate: August 08; eventTime: 2022; eventRemarks: collected by N.V. Hoang and S. Silyavong; Record Level: language: en; collectionCode: Amphibians; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenMorphological characteristics of the specimens from Ha Giang Province, Vietnam, agreed with the description of Skin. Dorsal surface rough and granular with denser small translucent, dorsolateral folds absent; temporal and loreal region with small white spines; supratympanic fold present; ventral smooth.Colouration in life. Dorsal surface olive-brown with dark brown patches and dark irregular transverse bars on limbs; flanks olive-brown with warts dark or white; ventral surface white, ventral surface of limbs cream Fig. .In Vietnam, this species was previously recorded from Lao Cai, Cao Bang and Vinh Phuc Provinces . This isA.shihaitaoi were found on the cliff of waterfalls and large rocks in the streams between 20:00 and 23:00 h. The surrounding habitat was evergreen forest of large hardwood and shrub  had empty stomachs. We identified 529 prey items, including 515 items of animals and 14 unidentified items. Males had 190 prey items, while females had 339 prey items.A total of 40 adult individuals  of The number of prey items per individual ranged 2\u201340 items (average 14.69 \u00b1 9.19 items). The number of prey items in males ranged 2\u201340 (average 11.18 \u00b1 8.41 items), while in females, it ranged 4\u201335 (average 17.84 \u00b1 8.90 items)  (Table Mean prey item length was 5.43 \u00b1 3.99 mm (ranging from 1.00 to 40.00 mm) and mean prey item width was 1.64 \u00b1 1.39 mm (ranging from 1.00 to 40.00 mm) in both sexes.F1,528 = 1.449, P = 0.018) as well as mean prey item width in males being 1.60 \u00b1 1.69 mm (ranging from 0.4 to 10.00 mm) and ranging from 0.40 to 7.00 mm in females (average 1.66 \u00b1 1.19 mm); those were significantly different from each other .Mean prey item length in males was 4.48 \u00b1 3.30 mm (ranging from 1.00 to 30.00 mm) and ranged from 1.00 to 40.00 mm in females (average 5.95 \u00b1 4.24 mm); those were significantly different from each other (3 (ranging from 10.71 to 848.06 mm3). In which, the average volume per male individual was 140.57 \u00b1 210.38 mm3 (ranging from 10.71 to 688.21 mm3) and 334.16 \u00b1 248.55 mm3 (ranging from 36.85 to 848.06 mm3) in female; those were significantly different from each other   Fig.  A, whileA.shihaitaoi with insects being the main food component, including 11 orders and other invertebrate groups, namely Opiliones, Araneae, Crustacea and Diplopoda (Table We identified 35 different categories of prey and other unidentified subjects in the stomachs of Formicidae (15.12%), followed by Acrididae (13.42%), Mantidae (9.64%), Araneae (9.45%) and other Lepidoptera (8.70%). While the most frequently foraged prey group was Lepidoptera other (15.28%), followed by Formicidae (14.58%), Acrididae (11.11%), Araneae (8.33%) and Mantidae (4.17%). In the comparisons by the IRI, Formicidae (11.5%), Acrididae (11.0%), other Lepidoptera (8.5%), Araneae (8.0%) and Mantidae (7.1%) were identified as the most important prey groups  and Shannon\u2019s evenness was 0.82. Adult females (19 prey categories) consumed more diverse prey than adult males (16 prey categories). The diversity index of prey categories of adult males (11.11 with an evenness index of 0.41) was also lower than that of adult females (11.48 with an evenness index of 0.61)  being Byrrhidae, Tenebrionidae, Forficulidae, Anthomyiidae, Mycetophilidae, Baetidae, Braconidae, Noctuidae and Leptoceridae were found exclusively in the diet of males, whereas Opiliones, Crustacea, Diplopoda, other Hymenoptera, Gryllotalpidae, Gryllidae, Tetrigidae, Aleyrodidae, Cercopidae, Tettigoniidae and Orthoptera were found only in the diet of females. Despite these differences, Formicidae and Acrididae were identified as the most important prey categories for both males and females . Despite a varied diet, A.shihaitaoi had a narrow niche breadth with a few categories comprising most of the diet (frequency), including Lepidoptera (20.83%), Hymenoptera (16.67%), Orthoptera (15.97%) and Coleoptera (9.72%) (Table 2). Our estimation of prey availability suggested that food resources for A.shihaitaoi were abundant in the studied streams, allowing the co-existence of both adult males and females, despite their high dietary overlap of > 65% between males and females.We also found differences in the dietary composition between males and females of A.shihaitaoi in females was greater than that in males. This is consistent with the scale-efficiency hypothesis (As females have a larger body size than males, they are more likely to consume larger prey items than males . In thispothesis ."}
{"text": "Corrigendum on:Effectiveness and determinants of smoking cessation in the Saudi Arabian Region of Jazan: A cross-sectional studyBy Osama Albasheer, Abdulaziz H. Alhazmi, Abdullah Alharbi, Anwar M. Makeen, Ahmad Y. Alqassim, Hafiz I. Al-Musawa, Amjad E. Alabah, Alwaleed K. Alhazmi, Nawaf A. Khormi, Yazeed A. Hamzi, Eyad Y. Abu Sharhah, Riyadh M. Salami, Mohammed Alshareef, Hassan Suwaydi, Ahmed ElkhobbyTobacco Induced Diseases, Volume 21, Issue January, Pages 1\u20139,Publish date: 21 January 2023https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/156842DOI: In the originally published version of the article the funding statement was not provided. The statement is now corrected as follows:\u201cThis research is supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Jazan University (Support Number: RUP2-06).\u201dThe section has been corrected also online."}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex (ACB), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) are difficult-to-treat pathogens contributing significantly to mortality. Monitoring the accuracy of automated susceptibility (S) systems like VITEK 2 against contemporaneous clinical isolates is crucial. This study compared VITEK2 to the broth microdilution method (BMD) when reporting S results against a challenge set of NF-GNB isolates.A challenge set of PSA , ACB , and SM  were collected (1/patient) in 2019\u20132021 from 43 medical centers located in 9 US Census Divisions and identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Isolates were S tested by VITEK 2 (AST-N802+XN15 cards) and CLSI BMD. A total of 1,737 isolate/antimicrobial (ATM) combinations were evaluated for essential (EA) and categorical (CA) agreements and error rates. FDA-approved VITEK 2 breakpoints were applied to both methods to mimic the real-world practice.Overall, VITEK 2 EA/CA rates were 90.6%/87.0%. Additionally, EA/CA rates were 93.1%/87.8%, 88.6%/86.3%, and 86.9%/86.9% for PSA, ACB, and SM, respectively. The EA/CA rates for each ATM and organism combination are displayed in the Table. All ATMs showed > 90% EA against PSA, except amikacin (AMK), imipenem, and ciprofloxacin (CIP). However, CA rates >90% were noted for AMK, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, CIP, tobramycin, and gentamycin against PSA. VITEK 2 CA rates for all other ATMs tested against PSA ranged from 79.0% to 88.7%. All ATMs but ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, CEF, and ceftazidime exhibited EA and CA rates > 90% against ACB. Minocycline and TS showed > 90% EA and CA rates against SM, but rates were lower for levofloxacin .The collection of NF-GNB pathogens tested in this study have been designated serious threats, so accurate AST results are critical for diagnostic stewardship. VITEK 2 EA/CA rates were > 90% for most of ATMs tested against this challenging collection of NF-GNB; however, \u03b2-lactam agents showed CA rates < 88% against PSA (80% of discordances were minor errors).Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Paul Rhomberg, BS, MT(ASCP), bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Nathan Veeder, AA, bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support Nabina Gurung, n/a, bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Children hospitalized with suspected or confirmed influenza should promptly receive influenza antivirals, as recommended by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, despite these recommendations, antiviral receipt remains suboptimal. We assessed predictors of antiviral receipt for influenza in hospitalized children.a priori, using logistic regression, and included all in the final model.We conducted active, population-based surveillance of children presenting with fever or respiratory symptoms from December 1, 2016, to March 31, 2020, at seven children\u2019s hospitals in the CDC NVSN. The cohort consisted of children hospitalized with influenza confirmed by research molecular testing. We assessed predictors of antiviral receipt, selected Table). Additionally, we found that a negative clinical test was associated with lower odds of antiviral receipt, and receipt varied significantly by study site.We enrolled and tested 16,853 hospitalized children for influenza, identifying 1,120 laboratory-confirmed cases (6.6%). Of these laboratory-confirmed cases, clinicians ordered influenza testing for 693/1,120 (61.9%), and among those tested, 599/693 (86.4%) tested positive by clinical assays. Overall, 545/1,120 children (48.7%) received influenza antivirals. Of those with a positive clinical test, 405/599 (67.6%) received antivirals. Factors associated with higher odds of antiviral receipt included an underlying oncologic or immunocompromising disorder, symptom onset \u2264 2 days, intensive care unit (ICU) admission at presentation, use of influenza antivirals for this illness prior to hospitalization, and a positive clinical test .More than half of children hospitalized with influenza in our surveillance population did not receive antivirals, despite treatment recommendations. Efforts to improve antiviral receipt are important for optimizing care in all children hospitalized with influenza, and clinician education should continue to highlight the use of antivirals across the full spectrum of children hospitalized with influenza, including children not admitted to the ICU and those without underlying conditions.Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Grant/Research Support John V. Williams, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidel: Board Member Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck & Co: Honoraria Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Flor M. Munoz, MD, MSc, CDC respiratory virus surveillance: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, sanofi, aztra zeneca, Merck, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: DSMB|NIH COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Pediatric COVID-19 vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Dynavax, Monderna, Meissa, NIH: DSMB Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Up-To-Date: Honoraria Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, MD, MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support"}
{"text": "Astragalus gossypinus) ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Wistar male rats. Food Science & Nutrition, 11, 765\u2013777. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3112Hossein Zadeh, Z., Najdegerami, E. H., Niko, M., Nejati, V., & Ahmadi Gavlighi, H. (2023). Low\u2010molecular weight oligosaccharides from gum tragacanth (In the originally published version of the article, the third author's name was erroneously misspelled as Mehdi Niko. The spelling has now been corrected to Mehdi Nikoo."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Health Services Research (2023) 23:476.10.1186/s12913-023-09514-4.Following publication of the original article , the autThe correct citation of reference #3 should be:Hall J. Australian Health Care-The Challenge of Reform in a Fragmented System. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(6):493\u2009\u2212\u200997.The correct citation of reference #4 should be:McPake B, Mahal A. Addressing the Needs of an Aging population in the Health System: The Australian Case. Health Syst Reform. 2017;3(3):236\u2013247.The correct citation of reference #5 should be:Van Gaans D, Dent E. Issues of accessibility to health services by older Australians: a review. Public Health Rev. 2018;39(1):1\u201316.The correct citation of reference #6 should be:Calder R, Dunkin R, Rochford C, Nichols T. Australian health services: too complex to navigate. A review of the national reviews of Australia\u2019s health service arrangements. Australian Health Policy Collaboration, Policy Issues Paper No. 1 2019. Melbourne: Australian Health Policy Collaboration; 2019.The correct citation of reference #11 should be:Hunter JB, de Zapien JG, Papenfuss M, Fernandez ML, Meister J, Giuliano AR. The impact of a promotora on increasing routine chronic disease prevention among women aged 40 and older at the US-Mexico border. Health Educ Behav. 2004;31(4_suppl):18S\u201328S.The correct citation of reference #12 should be:Jandorf L, Cooperman JL, Stossel LM, et al. Implementation of culturally targeted patient navigation system for screening colonoscopy in a direct referral system. Health Educ Res. 2013;28(5):803\u201315.The correct citation of reference #13 should be:Dudley DJ, Drake J, Quinlan J, Holden A, Saegert P, Karnad A, Ramirez A. Beneficial effects of a combined navigator/promotora approach for Hispanic women diagnosed with breast abnormalities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21(10):1639\u201344.The correct citation of reference #15 should be:Burns ME, Galbraith AA, Ross-Degnan D, Balaban RB. Feasibility and evaluation of a pilot community health worker intervention to reduce hospital readmissions. Int J Qual Health Care. 2014;26(4):358\u201365.The correct citation of reference #17 should be:Heisler M, Spencer M, Forman J, et al. Participants\u2019 assessments of the effects of a community health worker intervention on their diabetes self-management and interactions with healthcare providers. Am J Prev Med. 2009;37(6):S270\u2013S279.The correct citation of reference #18 should be:Egbujie BA, Delobelle PA, Levitt N, Puoane T, Sanders D, van Wyk B. Role of community health workers in type 2 diabetes mellitus self-management: A scoping review. PloS One. 2018;13(6):1\u201318.The correct citation of reference #26 should be:Mistry SK, Harris E, Harris MF. Scoping the needs, roles and implementation of bilingual community navigators in general practice settings. Health Soc Care Community. 2022;30(6):e5495\u2013e5505.The correct citation of reference #27 should be:Mistry SK, Harris E, Harris MF. Learning from a codesign exercise aimed at developing a navigation intervention in the general practice setting. Fam Pract. 2022;39(6):1070\u20131079.The correct citation of reference #42 should be:Health Education England. Care navigation: A competency framework. England: NHS; 2016.The correct citation of reference #61 should be:South Western Sydney Local Health District. Pacific Communities Health Needs Assessment. Sydney: SWSLHD; 2019.The correct citation of reference #62 should be:https://informontario.on.ca/our-members/ontario-211-services. 23 Jun 2023.InformOntario. Ontario 211 Services. 2023. The reference #63 in the published paper was in error. It should be removed and replaced with the following citation:Henderson S, Kendall E. \u2018Community navigators\u2019: making a difference by promoting health in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in Logan, Queensland. Aust J Prim Health. 2011;17(4):347\u201354."}
{"text": "Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, including metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (MBL) producers, pose significant treatment challenges. This study investigated efficacy and safety of aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) or hospital-acquired)/ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP) due to Gram-negative bacteria, including MBL-producing MDR pathogens, with limited or no treatment options.REVISIT was a phase 3, prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, central assessor-blinded study in hospitalized adults. Patients were randomized 2:1 to ATM-AVI  or meropenem (MER) \u00b1 colistin (COL) for 5\u201314 (cIAI) or 7\u201314 (HAP/VAP) days. Clinical cure at the test-of-cure (TOC) visit in the intent-to-treat (ITT) and clinically evaluable (CE) analysis sets were the primary efficacy endpoints. Key secondary endpoints included microbiological responses at TOC, 28-day mortality, and safety. No formal hypothesis testing was planned.In total, 422 patients were randomized . Adjudicated clinical cure rates at TOC are shown in Table 1. Favorable microbiological response rates at TOC  were 75.7% for ATM-AVI \u00b1 MTZ and 73.9% for MER \u00b1 COL; 28-day all-cause mortality rates for ATM-AVI \u00b1 MTZ and MER \u00b1 COL were 1.9% (4/208) vs 2.9% (3/104), and 10.8% (8/74) vs 19.4% (7/36) in cIAI and HAP/VAP, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) are summarized in Table 2. There were no treatment-related serious AEs in the ATM-AVI group.ATM-AVI (\u00b1 MTZ) was effective in treating patients with cIAI and HAP/VAP, displaying similar efficacy to MER \u00b1 COL. ATM-AVI was generally well tolerated. These data support potential use of ATM-AVI for the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible Gram-negative bacteria. Further analyses will focus on MBL-producing pathogens.Trial registration. NCT03329092. Study sponsored by Pfizer. ATM-AVI is jointly developed with AbbVie, also supported by the United States Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) and the European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI), under the COMBACTE-CARE consortium.Yehuda Carmeli, MD, Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Qpex: Grant/Research Support|Qpex: Honoraria|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Honoraria Georgios L. Daikos, PhD, MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Viatris: Honoraria Rosa-Mar\u00eda Jim\u00e9nez Rodr\u00edguez, MD, PhD, Abex: Honoraria|B. Braun: Honoraria|Johnson & Johnson: Honoraria Halley Rogers, MPH, Pfizer: Ownership Interest Michele Wible, MS, Pfizer: Ownership Interest Francis Arhin, PhD, Pfizer: Ownership Interest Joanne Leaney, PhD, Pfizer: Ownership Interest Rienk Pypstra, MD, MBA, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Joseph Chow, MD, Pfizer: Ownership Interest"}
{"text": "Lipiecki, J., Farhat, H., Monzy, S., Caillot, N., Siminiak, T., Johnson, T., Vogt, S., Stark, M. A., and Goldberg, S. L. (2020) Long\u2010term prognosis of patients treated by coronary sinus\u2010based percutaneous annuloplasty: single centre experience. ESC Heart Failure, 7: 3329\u20133335. doi:10.1002/ehf2.1295533047896In the article by Lipiecki et al. (2020), the name of the second author was published as \u2018Hicham Fahrat\u2019.The correct name of the author should beHicham FarhatWe apologize for this error."}
{"text": "An erratum onSuperomedial pedicle skin-reducing mastectomy in ptotic and large-sized breasts with two-stage reconstruction through transaxillary video-assisted technique: An effective surgical and anesthetic approach By Di Monta G, Marone U, Avino F, Esposito E, Cepparulo V, Morra E, Saponara R, Bifulco F, Cuomo A, Cascella M and Mori S. (2023) Front. Surg. 9:1040602. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1040602Due to a production error, two statements are updated.The funder information for the paper was omitted. The statement should appear below:Funding StatementThis work was partially supported by the Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente Funds.Data Availability Statementhttps://zenodo.org/record/7472776#.Y6RNLHbMKUk\"Raw data are available at the URL: The publisher apologizes for this mistake.The original version of this article has been updated."}
{"text": "A variant-adapted bivalent BNT162b2 vaccine  comprised of original SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 spike proteins was developed to improve protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Bivalent BNT162b2 is authorized by the US FDA from 6 months (mo) old; for children 6 mo to < 5 years (y), it is authorized as a 3-dose primary series and as a fourth dose (first booster).This substudy is part of a phase 1/2/3 master study (NCT05543616) investigating safety and immunogenicity of bivalent BNT162b2. The group reported here is open label and evaluates a fourth dose (first booster) with bivalent BNT162b2 3 \u03bcg in children 6 mo to < 5 y who previously received 3 original BNT162b2 3 \u03bcg doses. Reactogenicity (7 day), and 1 mo safety and immunogenicity for a subset of 60 participants were assessed. Descriptive immunogenicity endpoints included SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral strain neutralization responses post dose 4. A comparator group for immunogenicity included 60 participants, matched by age and SARS-CoV-2 infection status, from the initial pediatric study (NCT04816643) who received 3 original BNT162b2 3 \u03bcg doses without a booster.Figure), few reported adverse events (AEs), no serious AEs, and no new safety signals identified. Bivalent BNT162b2 elicited higher neutralizing titers against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and similar titers against ancestral strain 1 mo post dose 4 compared with original BNT162b2 1 mo post dose 3 (Table). Robust immune responses were observed regardless of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status.Of children 6 mo to < 5 y old  who received bivalent BNT162b2 as a fourth dose, 50% were male, 58% White, 5% Black, 15% Asian, 22% multiracial, 25% Hispanic/Latino; 28.3% had evidence of past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Median time from dose 3 of original BNT162b2 to bivalent BNT162b2 was 6.5 mo. Bivalent BNT162b2 was generally well tolerated with mostly mild to moderate reactogenicity and minimal fever (A booster (dose 4) of bivalent BNT162b2 had a similar safety profile to original BNT162b2 and induced robust Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral strain neutralizing titers in children 6 mo to < 5 y. These descriptive data reinforce the importance of a variant-adapted bivalent COVID-19 booster dose in this age group.Lawrence Sher, MD, Pfizer Inc: Clinical Investigator Charu Sabharwal, MD, MPH, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Nicholas Kitchin, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Justice Kofi Boakya-Appiah, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Xia Xu, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Emmanuel Walter, MD, Clinetic: Clinical Investigator|Iliad Biotechnologies: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Clinical Investigator|Najit Technologies: Clinical Investigator|Pfizer Inc: Clinical Investigator|Sequiris: Clinical Investigator|Vaxcyte: Advisor/Consultant Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Site Investigator, DSMB member Flor M. Munoz, MD, MSc, CDC respiratory virus surveillance: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, sanofi, aztra zeneca, Merck, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: DSMB|NIH COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Pediatric COVID-19 vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Dynavax, Monderna, Meissa, NIH: DSMB Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Kawsar R. Talaat, MD, Intralytix: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIAID: DSMB|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Pfizer contract with institution|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Emergent BioSolutions: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support Grant C. Paulsen, MD, Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Lisa Moyer, BS, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Vrunda Parikh, PharmD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Hua Ma, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Xingbin Wang, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kenneth Koury, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Annaliesa S. Anderson, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kena A. Swanson, Ph.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Alejandra C. Gurtman, M.D, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Lenacapavir (LEN) is a highly potent, long-acting, first-in-class inhibitor of HIV-1 capsid protein for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults with multidrug resistance (MDR) in combination with other antiretrovirals.CAPELLA is an ongoing, phase 2/3 study in heavily treatment-experienced people with HIV-1 with multidrug-resistance. Participants received oral LEN for loading followed by subcutaneous LEN Q6M in addition to an investigator-selected optimized background regimen (OBR). After reporting the efficacy and safety data through 52 weeks (W), the protocol was amended to allow longer follow up; we report W104 results.Of 72 participants enrolled (36 in each cohort), 25% were female, 38% were Black, median age was 52 years, 64% had CD4 <200 cells/\u00b5L, and 46% had HIV-1 resistant to all 4 major classes . One participant (of 72) decided not to continue in the post-W52 extension. At W104, 62% (44/71) had HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL via FDA Snapshot algorithm, and 14% (10/71) had HIV-1 RNA >50 c/mL; 24% discontinued for reasons other than lack of efficacy (13/71) or had missing data but were on study drug (4/71). When analyzed as missing=excluded, 81% (44/54) had HIV-1 RNA <50 c/mL. CD4 count increased by a median 97 cells/\u00b5L (Q1 to Q3: 18 to 224) and the proportion of participants with CD4 count \u2265200 cells/\u00b5L increased from 36% (26/72) at baseline to 71% (39/55) at W104. Fourteen participants had emergent LEN resistance (9 previously reported), 6 of whom subsequently suppressed while continuing LEN. The median (Q1\u2013Q3) duration of follow-up on LEN was 125 (111\u2013140) weeks. One participant discontinued due to injection site nodule at W52 ; no participant discontinued due to an AE after W52. Most common AEs (excluding injection site reactions [ISRs] and COVID-19) were diarrhea and nausea . LEN-related ISRs were mostly mild-to-moderate.In people with MDR HIV-1 and limited treatment options, LEN in combination with an OBR was well tolerated and maintained virologic suppression at W104. These data support the use of LEN for treatment of people with MDR HIV-1.Onyema Ogbuagu, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant Edwin DeJesus, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Theratechnology: Advisor/Consultant|Theratechnology: Honoraria Mezgebe Berhe, MD, MPH, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Clinical Trial Investigator Gary J Richmond, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Glaxo Smith Kline: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|TaiMed: Grant/Research Support Peter J Ruane, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Honoraria Gary I. Sinclair, MD, Abbvie: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Thera: Advisor/Consultant|Thera: Grant/Research Support|Thera: Honoraria|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Honoraria Moti N Ramgopal, MD, Abbvie: Honoraria|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Honoraria William Sanchez, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support Gordon E Crofoot, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Clinical Trial Investigator Nicolas A Margot, MA, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Hui Wang, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Hadas Dvory-Sobol, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Martin Rhee, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Jared Baeten, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Sorana Segal-Maurer, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Honoraria|Theratechnologies: Advisor/Consultant|Theratechnologies: Honoraria|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates, specifically extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positive (ESBL+) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, are increasing worldwide. Gepotidacin is a first-in-class, triazaacenaphthylene, bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA replication by inhibiting two enzymes, where a target-specific single mutation does not significantly impact susceptibility. We report gepotidacin efficacy against E. coli drug-resistant phenotypes in a pooled analysis of the EAGLE-2 and EAGLE-3 trials in uUTI.Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI) are among the most common community-acquired infections in women worldwide. Recommended treatment is largely empiric. Rates of antimicrobial resistance among 5 to < 103 CFU/mL) without the need for other systemic antimicrobials. Analysis of the pooled microbiological intent-to-treat (micro-ITT) population was performed.EAGLE-2 and EAGLE-3 were near-identical global, Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled noninferiority trials comparing gepotidacin with nitrofurantoin. Females aged \u2265 12 years with \u2265 2 UTI symptoms were eligible and were randomized 1:1 to oral gepotidacin (1500mg) or nitrofurantoin (100mg), twice daily for 5 days. Therapeutic success at test-of-cure visit (Day 10\u201313) was defined as combined clinical success (complete symptom resolution) and microbiological success , trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant (SXT-R), and MDR . Adverse events were reported in 35% (gepotidacin) and 23% (nitrofurantoin) of patients.The pooled micro-ITT population comprised 1421 patients . E. coli drug-resistant phenotypes . Gepotidacin has potential as a novel oral treatment for uUTI in key patient subgroups.Gepotidacin showed consistent efficacy  versus nitrofurantoin in patients with Thomas M. Hooton, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant Caroline R. Perry, PhD, GSK: Employee and shareholder Salim Janmohamed, MD, GSK: Employee and shareholder Amanda Sheets, PhD, GSK: Employee and shareholder Jeremy Dennison, MD, GSK: Employee and shareholder Helen Millns, PhD, GSK: Employee and shareholder Emily Jarvis, MSc, GSK: Employee and shareholder Nicole E. Scangarella-Oman, MS, GSK: Employee and shareholder Chun Huang, PhD, GSK: Employee and shareholder"}
{"text": "Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-023-40541-1, published online 09 August 2023Correction to: In this article the affiliation details for Anna S. Dickson were incorrectly given as \u2018Present address: Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK\u2019.The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Post-COVID conditions (PCC) are common, and risk factors include older age and female sex. While high interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein are associated with more severe disease, it is unclear whether other cytokines are associated with PCC. This study was performed to identify factors associated with PCC development.The Convalescent Plasma to Limit SARS-CoV-2 Associated Complications (CSSC-004) trial was a double-blind, multi-center, randomized, controlled trial comparing the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) to control plasma for the prevention of hospitalization among COVID-19 outpatients. Among 882 individuals participating in the trial with available biospecimens and symptom data, the association between early COVID-19 treatment, cytokine levels and PCC was evaluated. Cytokine and chemokine levels were assessed at baseline, day 14 and day 90 using a multiplexed sandwich immuosassay. Presence of any PCC symptom was assessed at day 90. Associations between COVID-19 treatment, cytokine levels and PCC were examined using multivariate logistic regression models.<5 days after symptom onset) compared to late CCP treatment had statistically significant lower odds of PCC (AOR=0.60 [0.38-0.95]).Baseline characteristics were similar by trial treatment group . At day 90, 292 (33.1%) participants had PCC. The most common symptoms were fatigue (14.5%), anosmia (14.5%), and ageusia (10.0%). Levels of most cytokines decreased over time . Six pro-inflammatory cytokines especially IL-6 were elevated at baseline among those with PCC . In multivariable analysis, female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.70[1.93-3.81]), age 50 or greater (AOR=1.32[1.17-1.50]), and elevated baseline IL-6 (AOR=1.59[1.02-2.47]) were associated with development of PCC, whereas race, obesity, vaccine status and diabetes were not. Those who received early CCP treatment (This study showed high prevalence of PCC symptoms at day 90, particularly among those with higher baseline levels of IL-6 or who did not receive early CCP treatment. The potential utility of IL-6 modulation as a therapeutic intervention among individuals as higher risk for PCC should be studied.Kelly Gebo, MD, MPH, Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Spark HealthCare: Advisor/Consultant Sonya L. Heath, MD, Pfizer: Data Monitoring Committee/DSMB Shmuel Shoham, MD, adagio: Advisor/Consultant|Adamis: Advisor/Consultant|ansun: Grant/Research Support|Avir Pharma: Honoraria|cidara: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Immunome: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Honoraria|Scynexis: Advisor/Consultant|zeteo: Grant/Research Support Judith S. Currier, M.D., MSc, Merck and Company: Advisor/Consultant|Merck and Company: Honoraria Moises A. Huaman, MD, MSc, AN2 Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences Inc: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc: Grant/Research Support Jay S. Raval, MD, Sanofi Genzyme: Advisor/Consultant Arturo Casadevall, MD, PhD, Ortho Diagnostics: Speakers Bureau|Sabtherapeutics: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Fluconazole (FLC) resistance (R) is a raising concern to treat IC, and ECHs are often used as first-line therapy. We evaluated the C. albicans , C. glabrata , C. parapsilosis , C. tropicalis , C. krusei , C. dubliniensis , and C. auris  isolates were collected (1/patient) in 2022 from 52 medical centers located in Europe , North America , Asia-Pacific , and Latin America , identified by MALDI-TOF MS and/or sequencing and tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CLSI breakpoints (BP) were applied where available. CARS CDC tentative BPs were applied.RFZ exhibited activity against CA (Table) inhibiting 99.1% of the isolates overall, and 98.6%, 99.0%, 100%, and 100% of isolates from NA, EU, AP, and LA. Only 1 CA isolate (from US) displayed a FLC MIC value within the susceptible-dose dependent (SDD) category. CSP, ANF, and MCF showed S rates of 99.1% against CA. All but 1 CG isolate was susceptible (S) to RZF (99.0%S). CG S rates to CSP, ANF, MCF, and FLC were 98.0%, 98.0%, 97.1%, and 96.1% (SDD), respectively. All CP isolates were S to RZF, CSF, and MCF. However, only 84.1% of CP isolates were S to FLC. RZF and other ECHs inhibited all FLC-R isolates . All CT and CK isolates were S to RZF and other ECHs. All CT were also S to azoles, and 94.4% of CK were S to VRC. Only RZF BPs are available by CLSI against CD (86.7%S). All CARS isolates  were FLC-R; but 77.8% and 88.9% were S to RZF and other ECHs, respectively.in vitro activity against invasive candidiasis isolates regardless of the region, and remained active against FLC-R CP and most of the FLC-R CARS isolates. Based on MIC50 and MIC90 results, RZF had similar activity to the other ECHs overall.RZF demonstrated potent Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Paul Rhomberg, BS, MT(ASCP), bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Abby Klauer, BS, Melinta: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) are prone to decompensation secondary to infections, with an increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). These patients often receive broad-spectrum antimicrobials prior to transplant, pre-disposing them to resistant pathogens. Our study assessed institutional guideline adherence, antimicrobial prescribing, and the incidence of MDROs in this population.This IRB-approved, retrospective chart review included pre-transplant inpatients with ESLD on the adult liver transplant service who received antimicrobials between 1/1/20 and 10/30/20. Patients were excluded if they started antimicrobials post-transplant or transferred from another institution on parenteral antimicrobials. Per institutional guidelines for empiric antimicrobials in suspected infection in ESLD, patients were categorized into three infectious risk categories: Floor/Non-High-Risk (F-NHR), Floor/High-Risk (F-HR), and ICU or MELD greater than 35 (ICU/M35). Antimicrobial prescribing in each group was evaluated for guideline adherence and microbiology data. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.We included 92 patients: 28 F-NHR, 50 F-HR, and 14 ICU/M35. Table 1 summarizes baseline characteristics. The frequency of guideline adherence for the F-NHR, F-HR, ICU/M35 groups, respectively, was 11 (39%), 4 (8%), and 4 (29%) patients. For the F-NHR group, ceftriaxone (CRO) was most prescribed . For the F-HR group, 18 (36%) received CRO; 16 (32%) received vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam. In the ICU/M35 group, 13 patients (93%) received meropenem plus linezolid, and 11 (79%) also received caspofungin.Staphylococcus aureus or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales were isolated. Two patients (14%) in the ICU/M35 group experienced C. difficile infection within 30 days of antimicrobial initiation.No methicillin-resistant Our study showcases opportunities to optimize internal ESLD antimicrobial protocols and curtail unnecessary antimicrobial exposure. Study limitations include a small cohort at a single center. Future directions include data dissemination and protocol updates.David Quan, PharmD, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Sarah B. Doernberg, MD, MAS, Basilea: Clinical events committee/adjudication committee participation|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Janssen/J+J: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Shinogi: Clinical events committee/adjudication committee participation"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-023-29122-w, published online 03 February 2023Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 43,43. Gholizadeh, E., Jafari, B., Golmohammadi, S. & Soofi, H. in\u00a02022 4th West Asian Symposium on Optical and Millimeter-wave Wireless Communications (WASOWC). 1\u20136 (IEEE).now reads:2022 4th West Asian Symposium on Optical and Millimeter-wave Wireless Communications (WASOWC), 1\u20136. 10.1109/WASOWC54657.2022.9798421 .43. Gholizadeh E., Jafari B., Golmohammadi S., & Soofi H., Low insertion loss and high modulation depth Tunable modulator at Telecommunications Band enabled by graphene/hBN multilayer gratings, in The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Palliative Care and Social Practice. 2022;16. DOI: 10.1177/26323524221131581Paolucci A, Nielssen I, Tang KL, Sinnarajah A, Simon JE, Santana MJ. The impacts of partnering with cancer patients in palliative care research: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. In this article, multiple in-text citations on page 2 and Table 1 have been corrected."}
{"text": "Infectious Agents and Cancer (2023) 18:5410.1186/s13027-023-00531-wAfter publication of this article , the autYing Liu: 1 and 2;Xiu Jin, Yingying Gong, Yingying Ma, Beibei Du, Linqing Yang and Yunfei Wang: 2;Weipei Zhu: 1.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Pauline Chivenge should be included in the author byline instead of the Acknowledgments. Pauline Chivenge should be listed as the sixth author, and their affiliation is 5: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239552The correct citation is: Gram G, Roobroeck D, Pypers P, Six J, Merckx R, Chivenge P, et al. (2020) Combining organic and mineral fertilizers as a climate-smart integrated soil fertility management practice in sub-Saharan Africa: A meta-analysis. PloS ONE 15(9): e0239552."}
{"text": "Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-related disease poses an economic burden due to a substantial amount of health care utilization (HCU). RENOIR is a phase 3 global, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study evaluating vaccine efficacy (VE) in adults \u226560 years of age during two RSV seasons in Northern and Southern Hemisphere countries  (NCT05035212). VE at the end of the first RSV surveillance season (EOS1) against ARI-RSV, Lower Respiratory Tract Illness (LRTI)-RSV with \u22652 symptoms (2+ LRTI-RSV), and LRTI-RSV with \u22653 symptoms (3+ LRTI-RSV) was 62.2% , 65.1% , and 88.9% , respectively.HCU data and concomitant corticosteroid or antibiotic use were collected during the RSV season for Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI) events . A pre-planned analysis of HCU at EOS1 was performed to assess HCU among participants receiving RSVpreF vs. placebo.A higher proportion of RSV-associated HCU was associated with more severe symptoms . Medically attended (MA) VE was similar to VE for all first-episode cases with MA ARI-RSV 65.1% , MA 2+ LRTI-RSV 70.4% , MA 3+ LRTI-RSV 84.6% . Most RSV-associated HCU were outpatient visits, with more in the placebo arm. A higher proportion of placebo arm participants with RSV cases had an RSV-associated emergency room visit. For ARI-RSV, there were 3 hospitalizations in the placebo arm and none in the RSVpreF arm. The placebo arm had higher antibiotic (11.8 - 55.6% higher) or corticosteroid (2.8 \u2013 44.4% higher) use compared to the RSVpreF arm for ARI- or LRTI-RSV events.Table 1Vaccine Efficacy of RSVpreF Against First Episode of RSV Cases in the First RSV Season \u2013 Evaluable Efficacy PopulationTable 2Healthcare Resource Utilization Associated With RSV Cases in the First RSV SeasonTable 3Prespecified Category of Concomitant Medication Uses for RSV Cases in the First RSV SeasonRSVpreF reduced overall HCU and antibiotic or corticosteroid treatment for RSV-associated illnesses. The highest VE among MA RSV-associated cases was for MA 3+ LRTI-RSV. These findings suggest that RSVpreF may reduce RSV-related healthcare needs in older adults, thus alleviating this burden on health systems.Edward E. Walsh, MD, Icosavax: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Kumar Ilangovan, MD, MSPH, MMCi, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Agnieszka Zareba, MD PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Qin Jiang, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Gonzalo P\u00e9rez Marc, M.D., GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Expert Testimony|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Elliot N. DeHaan, MD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Michael Patton, B.Sc., Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Yanqing Kan, MS, Pfizer: Pfizer's employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Daniel P. Eiras, MD, MPH, Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Tarek Mikati, MD,MPH, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Elena Kalinina, PhD, Pfizer: Pfizer employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds David Cooper, PhD, Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Annaliesa S. Anderson, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kena A. Swanson, Ph.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Alejandra C. Gurtman, M.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Beate Schmoele-Thoma, MD, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Patient-specific fluid simulation of transcatheter mitral valve replacement in mitral annulus calcification By Hill SJ, Young A, Prendergast B, Redwood S, Rajani R and De Vecchi A. (2022) Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 9:934305. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.934305An Erratum on Due to a production error, the following funding acknowledgment was missed from the article: \u201cFunded by the EPSRC Research Council, part of the EPSRC DTP, grant Ref: [EP/R513064/1].\u201d The publisher apologizes for this mistake.The original version of this article has been updated."}
{"text": "The second author's name appears incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Hunziker L, Benitah SA, Braun KM, Jensen K, McNulty K, et al. (2011) Rac1 Deletion Causes Thymic Atrophy. PLoS ONE 6(4): e19292. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019292"}
{"text": "Sensors has been instituting an annual award to recognize outstanding papers that are related to sensing technologies and applications and meet the aims, scope and high standards of this journal [Since 2011, Sensors from a pool of all papers published in Sensors from 2006 to 2008, in which reviews and articles were considered separately. We gladly announce that the following five papers have won the Sensors Best Paper Award in 2012.In this year, nominations were made by the Section Editor-in-Chiefs of Hongying Zhu, Jonathan D. Suter, Ian M. White and Xudong FanAptamer Based Microsphere Biosensor for Thrombin DetectionSensors2006, 6(8), 785\u2013795; doi:10.3390/s6080785http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/6/8/785/Available online: Veronika Supalkova, Dalibor Huska, Vaclav Diopan, Pavel Hanustiak, Ondrej Zitka, Karel Stejskal, Jiri Baloun, Jiri Pikula, Ladislav Havel, Josef Zehnalek, Vojtech Adam, Libuse Trnkova, Miroslava Beklova and Rene KizekElectroanalysis of Plant ThiolsSensors2007, 7(6), 932\u2013959; doi:10.3390/s7060932http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/7/6/932/Available online: C\u00e9dric Cochrane, VladanKoncar, Maryline Lewandowski and Claude DufourDesign and Development of a Flexible Strain Sensor for Textile Structures Based on a ConductivePolymer CompositeSensors2007, 7(4), 473\u2013492; doi:10.3390/s7040473http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/7/4/473/Available online: Dorothee Grieshaber, Robert MacKenzie, Janos V\u00f6r\u00f6s and Erik ReimhultElectrochemical Biosensors - Sensor Principles and ArchitecturesSensors2008, 8(3), 1400\u20131458; doi:10.3390/s8031400http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/8/3/1400/Available online: HuaBai and Gaoquan ShiGas Sensors Based on Conducting PolymersSensors2007, 7(3), 267\u2013307; doi:10.3390/s7030267http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/7/3/267/Available online: Sensors\u201d, which reported \u201can interesting detection principle nicely coupled to the use of aptamers, a relative new type of biological reagent\u201d. The article \u201cElectroanalysis of Plant Thiols\u201d reported \u201c\u2026 a nice, important application of an electrochemical technique\u2026\u201d.The prize awarding committee merits the article \u201cAptamer Based Microsphere Biosensor for Thrombin Detection\u201d as \u201ca well-written paper reporting very interesting scientific work, which is the type of paper we want to encourage submission of at Sensors and the sensing field. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of Sensors, we would like to congratulate these five teams for their excellent work. In recognition for their accomplishment, Drs. Xudong Fan, Rene Kizek and Vladan Koncar will receive a prize of 1000 CHF, 800 CHF, and 500 CHF, and Drs. Erik Reimhult and Gaoquan Shi will receive a prize of 800 CHF and 500 CHF, respectively, and the privilege to publish an additional paper free of charge in open access format in Sensors, after normal peer-review.These five exceptional papers are valuable contributions to Prize Awarding CommitteeEditor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Physical Sensors\u2019Prof. Dr. Craig A. GrimesState Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Department of ChemicalEngineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Chinacraig.grimes40@gmail.comE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Remote Sensors\u2019Dr. Assefa M. MelesseDepartment of Environmental Studies, ECS 339, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8thStreet, Miami, FL 33199, USATel. +1-305-348-6518; Fax: +1-305-348-6137http://www.fiu.edu/~melessea/Website: assefa.melesse@fiu.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Chemical Sensors\u2019Prof. Dr. W. Rudolf SeitzAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham,NH 03824-3598, USATel. +1-603-862-2408; Fax: +1-603-862-4278http://www.unh.edu/chemistry/faculty/seitz_w.htmlWebsite: wrs@cisunix.unh.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Biosensors\u2019Dr. Alexander StarDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USATel. +1-412-624-6493; Fax: +1-412-624-4027http://www.pitt.edu/~astar/Website: astar@pitt.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Sensor Networks\u2019Dr. Tim WarkCSIRO ICT Centre, 1 Technology Ct, QCAT, Pullenvale, QLD 4069, AustraliaTel. +61-3327-4042; Fax: +61-3327-4455http://www.ict.csiro.au/staff/tim.wark/Website: tim.wark@csiro.auE-Mail: Managing EditorDr. Ophelia HanMDPI Beijing Office, Liyuanbeijie Road 186, Suite 307, Liyuan Town, Tongzhou District, Beijing101101, Chinaophelia.han@mdpi.comE-Mail:"}
{"text": "S. aureus Sepsis. The correct citation is: Mahavanakul W, Nickerson EK, Srisomang P, Teparrukkul P, Lorvinitnun P, et al. (2012) Feasibility of Modified Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines in a Resource-Restricted Setting Based on a Cohort Study of Severe S. aureus Sepsis. PLoS ONE 7(2): e29858. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029858The word \"S. aureus\" was formatted incorrectly. The correct title is: Feasibility of Modified Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines in a Resource-Restricted Setting Based on a Cohort Study of Severe"}
{"text": "IAPB Standard List provides information for eye health providers on a carefully evaluated range of eye care technologies, supplies, and training resources suitable for use in settings with limited resources.The http://IAPB.standardlist.org).info@talcuk.orgPO Box 49, St Albans, Hertfordshire, AL1 5TX, UK. Tel +44 (0) 1727 853869. Email Prozesky D, Stevens S, Hubley J. Effective Teaching and Learning for Eye Health Workers, International Centre for Eye Health, 2006. Free download (720 KB) on www.cehjournal.org/icehpubs.html or order free of charge from TALC. High-income countries pay \u00a35.Karen Watts. Handling and passing of surgical instruments; Instrument care during decontamination and sterilisation; Handling of sterile supplies . Cost: Rs 500 per package + free postage (India only) or US $40 per package for international orders. Order from LV Prasad Eye Institute. Write to Shobha Mocherla, A-V Producer, Central Audio-Visual Unit (CAVU) LV Prasad Eye Institute, LV Prasad Marg, Hyderabad 500 034, India. Email: video@lvpei.orgJoint Medical Stores, Uganda. Plot 1828 Gongonya Rd, PO Box 4501 Kampala. Tel +256 (0)414510096 or toll free (Uganda only): 0800 123124. Email store@jms.co.ug or visit www.jms.co.ugMissions for Essential Drugs, Kenya. PO Box 78040-00507, Viwandani, Nairobi Tel +254 (0)203920102. Email customerservice@meds.or.ke or visit www.meds.or.keAction Medeor, Tanzania. PO Box 72305, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tel +255 (0)222863136.Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services, Cameroon.Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Board, PO Box 1 Bamenda, North West Province, Cameroon. Tel: +237 (0)77964683.info@cbchealthservices.org or visit www.cbchealthservices.orgEmail: http://www.intertek.com/government/pre-shipment/inspection/http://www.cotecna.com/COM/EN/psi.aspxhttp://www.sgs.com/pre_shipment_inspection__import_verification.htm?serviceId=6942&lobId=5549LAICO, Aravind Eye Care Systems (AECS) runs six-week training courses in Madurai for instrument technicians. These are repeated four times a year (US $325). LAICO offers shorter courses on invitation at a range of different training centres. The LAICO team has also helped to establish instrument maintenance training centres at the National Eye Institute, Kaduna, Nigeria; the National Institute of Ophthalmology, Hanoi, Vietnam, and Kikuyu Eye Unit, Kenya. Write to Prof V Srinivasan, LAICO, 72, Kuruvikaran Salai, Gandhi Nagar, Madurai 625 020, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: v.srinivasan@aravind.org or visit www.aravind.org/education/coursedetails.asp"}
{"text": "World Journal of Emergency Surgery 2011 6:46. doi:http://10.1186/1749-7922-6-46. URL http://www.wjes.org/content/6/1/46.Zdravko Roje, \u017deljka Roje, Dario Mati\u0107, Davor Librenjak, Stjepan Dokuzovi\u0107 and Josip Varvodi\u0107. Necrotizing fasciitis: literature review of contemporary strategies for diagnosing and management with three case reports: torso, abdominal wall, upper and lower limbs. The Editors-in-Chief would like to alert readers that the accuracy of details described in Case III  of this article have bee"}
{"text": "The word \"Fever\" is misspelled in the title. The correct title is: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Class I Restricted Epitope Discovery in Yellow Fever and Dengue Viruses: Importance of HLA Binding StrengthThe correct citation is: Lund O, Nascimento EJM, Maciel M Jr, Nielsen M, Voldby Larsen M, et al. (2011) Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Class I Restricted Epitope Discovery in Yellow Fever and Dengue Viruses: Importance of HLA Binding Strength. PLoS ONE 6(10): e26494. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026494"}
{"text": "The fifth author's name was missing the middle initial. The correct name is: David B. Haslam. The correct citation is: Chumbler NM, Farrow MA, Lapierre LA, Franklin JL, Haslam DB, et al. (2012) Clostridium difficile Toxin B Causes Epithelial Cell Necrosis through an Autoprocessing-Independent Mechanism. PLoS Pathog 8(12): e1003072. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003072"}
{"text": "The first author's name appears incorrectly in the byline, citation, and author contributions. The correct author name is: Hsiang Chia ChenThe correct citation is: Chen HC, Gau V, Zhang DD, Liao JC, Wang F-Y, et al. (2010) Statistical Metamodeling for Revealing Synergistic Antimicrobial Interactions. PLoS ONE 5(11): e15472. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015472The correct author contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: HCC VG JCL PKW. Performed the experiments: HCC FYW. Analyzed the data: VG DDZ JCL PKW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DDZ JCL PKW. Wrote the paper: HCC PKW."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was written incorrectly, with the first and last name reversed. The correct name is: Takayuki Tohge. The correct citation is: Brotman Y, Landau U, Cuadros-Inostroza \u00c1, Tohge T, Fernie AR, et al. (2013) Trichoderma-Plant Root Colonization: Escaping Early Plant Defense Responses and Activation of the Antioxidant Machinery for Saline Stress Tolerance. PLoS Pathog 9(3): e1003221. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003221"}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was listed incorrectly. The correct name is Ben Lewis-Evans. The correct citation is: Joye Y, Pals R, Steg L, Lewis-Evans B (2013) New Methods for Assessing the Fascinating Nature of Nature Experiences. PLoS ONE 8(7): e65332. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065332."}
{"text": "Pomacea canaliculata: Diversity, Origin and Characterization. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66689. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066689.The name of the second author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Alfredo Castro-Vazquez. The correct citation is: Godoy MS, Castro-Vazquez A, Vega IA (2013) Endosymbiotic and Host Proteases in the Digestive Tract of the Invasive Snail"}
{"text": "The correct name of the fourth author is: Carla Tironi-FarinatiThe correct citation is: Goldstein J, Morris WE, Loidl CF, Tironi-Farinati C, McClane BA, et al. (2009) Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Increases the Small Intestinal Permeability in Mice and Rats. PLoS ONE 4(9): e7065. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007065"}
{"text": "The name of the second author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Erika C. Barrett. The correct Citation is: Zhu L, Barrett EC, Xu Y, Liu Z, Manoharan A, et al. (2013) Regulation of Cigarette Smoke (CS)-Induced Autophagy by Nrf2. PLoS ONE 8(4): e55695. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055695."}
{"text": "The name of the second author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Verena Dr\u00fcppel. The correct citation is: Peters W, Dr\u00fcppel V, Kusche-Vihrog K, Schubert C, Oberleithner H (2012) Nanomechanics and Sodium Permeability of Endothelial Surface Layer Modulated by Hawthorn Extract WS 1442. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29972. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029972."}
{"text": "The name of the first author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Sabine Steinke. The correct citation is: Steinke S, Peitsch WK, Ludwig A, Goebeler M (2013) Cost-of-Illness in Psoriasis: Comparing Inpatient and Outpatient Therapy. PLoS ONE 8(10): e78152. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078152. The correct abbreviation in the Author Contributions Statement is: SS."}
{"text": "There was a typographical error in the title. The correct title is \"Humanin, a Cytoprotective Peptide, Is Expressed in Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques in Humans\". The correct citation is: Zacharias DG, Kim SG, Massat AE, Bachar AR, Oh YK, et al. (2012) Humanin, a Cytoprotective Peptide, Is Expressed in Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques in Humans. PLoS ONE 7(2): e31065. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031065"}
{"text": "The correct 4th author name is: Tara Vanderweyde.The correct citation is: Liu-Yesucevitz L, Bilgutay A, Zhang Y-J, Vanderweyde T, Citro A, et al. (2010) Tar DNA Binding Protein-43 (TDP-43) Associates with Stress Granules: Analysis of Cultured Cells and Pathological Brain Tissue. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13250. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013250"}
{"text": "AbstractDebus amphicranoides (Hagedorn), comb. n., Debus birmanus , comb. n., Debus dolosus , comb. n., Debus eximius , comb. n., Debus interponens , comb. n., Debus robustipennis , comb. n., Debus spinatus , comb. n., Microperus alpha , comb. n., Microperus corporaali (Eggers), comb. n., Microperus eucalyptica , comb. n., Microperus nugax , comb. n., Pseudowebbia percorthylus , comb. n., Truncaudum circumcinctus , comb. n.Following the recent reclassification of the Palaeotropic xyleborine genera , additioArixyleborus hirtipennis (Eggers), syn. n., with Arixyleborus puberulus (Blandford); Coptoborus palmeri (Hopkins), syn. n., with Debus emarginatus (Eichhoff); Coptoborus terminaliae (Hopkins), syn. n., with Debus emarginatus (Eichhoff); Cyclorhipidion polyodon (Eggers), syn. n., with Truncaudum agnatum (Eggers); Euwallacea artelaevis (Schedl), syn. n., with Planiculus bicolor (Blandford); Xyleborinus perminutissimus (Schedl), syn. n., with Xyleborinus perpusillus (Eggers); Xyleborus exesus Blandford, syn. n., with Debus emarginatus (Eichhoff); Xyleborus fulvulus (Schedl), syn. n., with Microperus corporaali (Eggers); Xyleborus marginicollis (Schedl), syn. n., with Diuncus justus (Schedl); Xyleborus shoreae Stebbing, syn. n., with Debus fallax (Eichhoff).The following species are synonymized: Streptocranus superbus , restored name; Webbia divisus Browne, 1972, restored name; Webbia penicillatus , restored name. Genus Taphrodasus Wood (1980) is declared not valid.The following species are given new status:  Xyleborini are one the most species-rich groups of scolytine beetles, and one which produced many invasive pests. In spite of the economic concern, xyleborine beetles have received comparatively little attention by taxonomists. Scolytidae and Platypodidae Xyleborus puberulus  Xyleborus hirtipennissyn. n.  Eggers, 1940, PageBreakArixyleborus hirtipennissyn. n.  (Eggers): Xyleborus hirtipennis, lectotype, USNM); Sarawak, Malaysia .Indonesia, Java Xyleborus justus  Schedl, 1931Diucus justus  (Schedl): Hulcr and Cognato 2009Xyleborus marginicollissyn. n.  , Diuncus justus, holotype, NHMW); Philippines, Luzon, .Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg (1.5 mm.Xyleborus marginicollis Schedl represents one end of a continuum of variation in Diuncus justus: short (1.5 mm) but robust (most representatives of Diuncus justus slightly longer and more slender). Diagnostic characters identical: surface of declivity devoid of vestiture, no elytral denticles, smooth impression across interstriae 2 and 3 .Type specimen of (Hagedorn) comb. n.Xyleborus amphicranoides  Hagedorn, 1908Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley ; Sumatra (USNM).Debus. Elytral declivity deeply excavated, edge of declivity with two pairs of long teeth, but only few tubercles. Declivital surface smooth.Prolonged large representative of Debus amphicranoides (Hagedorn) possibly senior synonym of the following (NHMW): Debus birmanus (Eggers), Debus cyclopus (Schedl), Debus interponens (Schedl), Debus robustipennins (Schedl). Debus birmanus identical except slightly larger, with slightly longer declivital posterolateral processes, much smaller upper tooth on declivity. Debus interponens similar except lacks constricted declivity and has shorter posterolateral declivital processes. Xyleborus robustipennins; the two essentially identical, origiPageBreaknated from different elevations. Debus cyclopus similar except narrower elytral apical emargination. Debus robustipennis larger. Debus amphicranoides in minor differences in declivital teeth shape.(Eggers) comb. n.Xyleborus birmanus  Eggers, 1930Malaysia, Burma .Debus amphicranoides, possibly a synonym. Holotype at FRI not available.Very similar to (Blandford) comb. n.Xyleborus dolosus  Blandford, 1896Malaysia, Sarawak ; Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley .Debus. Declivity flat, not excavated, not emarginate at apex. Depth of emargination varies. Similar to Debus pumilus, but uniformly brown, with more and larger tubercles on the declivity. Significant intraspecific size variation.Elytral declivity slightly with much higher number of declivital tubercles than other Debus spp, but its structure homologous. Few small or large tubercles in the interstriae 1 , displaced by broadened interstriae 1 and positioned on first striae or on interstriae 2. Strial punctures greatly reduced on declivity, difficult to follow as interstria 1 broad, displacing other striae. No tubercles originating on second striae. Smaller tubercles on striae 3 and beyond, creating tuberculated area surrounding declivity. Other characters shared with Debus spp.: extended pronotal disc, triangular protibiae with large and long but sparse denticles (<7), inflated prosternal posterocoxal process, antennal club shape.Elytral declivity superficially different from other Xyleborus persimilis (Eggers) and Debus dolosus (Blandford) probably synonyms. Xyleborus persimilis  with slightly broader, more excavated declivity. Xyleborus subdolosus is only a local variety of Debus dolosus.(Schedl) comb. n.Xyleborus eximius  Schedl, 1970PageBreakIndonesia, Kalimantan ; Indonesia, Kalimantan .Debus present: elongated pronotal disc, broad antennal club type 2, triangular protibiae, flat elytral declivity with tubercles on elevated lateral sulcus (appears as if formed by interstriae 2 through 4).Elytral apex not emarginate, but all other diagnostic characters of (Eichhoff)Xyleborus fallax  Eichhoff, 1878Debus fallax  (Eichhoff): Hulcr and Cognato in pressXyleborus shoreaesyn. n. , Beeson det., BMNH); Malaysia, Kedah, ; Thailand, Pong Yaeng N. P., (Beaver det.); Borneo ; Debus fallax: Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley (Hulcr det.); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley ; New Guinea, Morobe Province, Bulolo ; New Guinea ; Sulawesi ; Thailand, Pong Yaeng N. P. ; PNG, Madang Prov. (36), Oro Prov. (66), West Sepik (123) ; Philippines, Luzon, Mt. Makiling .Xyleborus shoreae in FRI, inaccessible, non-type specimens identified by several authorities available. Location of Xyleborus fallax holotype unclear. Xyleborus shoreae is a variant of Debus fallax (Eichhoff), declivital emargination shallower than in most Debus fallax. All other characters identical to Debus fallax: color uniformly brown to bicolored (light brown to orange pronotum), elytral denticles all small except the denticle in the middle of declivital face, which is slightly longer than others; declivity surface shining, most specimens with remnants of strial punctures, size 2.6 - 3.0 mm. Declivity emargination depth intermediate between Debus fallax and Debus emarginatus, most other characters  shared with Debus fallax. Debus fallax. Stebbing not consistent in distinguishing Xyleborus shoreae from Xyleborus fallax, assigned similar specimens to either species  comb. n.Xyleborus interponens  Schedl, 1954Malaysia, Sarawak, Mt. Penrissen, 4500 ft. .Debus present, including antennal club form, prolonged pronotum, emarginate declivity. Similar to Debus amphicranoides (Hagedorn), but with less constricted declivity and longer posterolateral declivital processes. Debus interponens altitudinal variant of Debus robustipennins, the two are allegedly identical, only differing by their origins from different elevations.All diagnostic features of genus (Schedl) comb. n.Xyleborus robustipennis  Schedl, 1954Indonesia, Borneo .Debus present, including antennal club form, prolonged pronotum, emarginate declivity.All diagnostic features of Xyleborus robustipennis Schedl very similar to non-type specimens of Debus amphicranoides (Hagedorn) in USNM, only slightly larger. Xyleborus robustipennis differs from Xyleborus amphicranoides very little, merely by shallower and wider declivital emargination, having the lateral declivital costa between teeth 1 and 2 more elevated, and lateral declivital process shorter. Type of Debus amphicranoides not available, thus synonymy could not be confirmed.Lectotype of (Eggers) comb. n.Xyleborus spinatus  Eggers, 1923Malaysia (BMNH); Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley .Debus fallax. Longer, smooth declivity, shallowly emarginate, no tubercles or granules on declivital sides except two pairs of slender teeth, one long, one short. Declivity shagreen when dry.An \u201celegant\u201d form of (Eichhoff)Xyleborus emarginatus  Eichhoff, 1878Debus emarginatus  (Eichhoff): Hulcr and Cognato in pressXyleborus terminalieasyn. n.  Hopkins, 1915, PageBreakCoptoborus terminaliaesyn. n.  (Hopkins) Xyleborus exesussyn. n.  Blandford, 1894, Xyleborus palmerisyn. n.  Hopkins, 1915, Coptoborus palmerisyn. n. (complete taxonomic history in   (Hopkins): Xyleborus terminaliae: Philippines, Pagbilao . Xyleborus exesus: Japan, . Debus emarginatus: Indonesia, Sumatra, Bandar Baroe ; Indonesia, Java, Bandjar ; Philippines, Laguna, Pangil ; Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley ; New Guinea ; New Guinea, Ambunti ; New Guinea (FICB); New Guinea, Gulf Province, Ivimka (UCD); Thailand, Pong Yaeng N. P. ; PNG, Madang Prov. .Xyleborus exesus Blandford, Xyleborus palmeri Hopkins, and Xyleborus terminaliae Hopkins share all diagnostic characters with homotype and large series of non-types of Debus emarginatus (Eichhoff). Xyleborus exesus: declivity with slightly less steep slope, less pronounced lateral tubercles (granules), dominant tubercle in middle of lateral sulcus slightly longer. Schedl (1973e) suggested synonymy of non-New Guinean Xyleborus emarginatus Schedl with Xyleborus exesus Blandford, based on shared shallow declivital emargination. Holotype of Xyleborus exesus damaged, missing elytron, fits range of Debus emarginatus variation. Xyleborus palmeri Hopkins is larger variant of typical Debus emarginatus.Holotypes of (Beeson) comb. n.Xyleborus alpha  Beeson, 1929Coptodryas alpha  (Beeson): Wood and Bright 1992India, Sunderbans Div. .Microperus present: small size, elytral punctures aligned in striae, and prolonged body shape  comb. n.Xyleborus corporaali  Coptodryas corporaali  (Eggers): Wood and Bright 1992Xyleborus fulvulussyn. n.  , Xyleborus fulvusXyleborus fulvulus , preoccupied : PageBreakMicroperus corporaali: Indonesia, Kotangan an der Ostkusgte ; Xyleborus fulvulus: Indonesia, Sumatra .Xyleborus fulvulus identical to Microperus corporaali . Paratype not mentioned by (Schedl) comb. n.Xyleborus eucalyptica  Schedl, 1938Coptodryas eucalyptica  (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992Australia, Queensland, Geagana .Microperus present . Similar to Microperus intermedius, but substantially longer, elytra often bicolored, usually without convexity on elytral disc.All diagnostic features of (Schedl) comb. n.Xyleborus nugax  Schedl, 1939Coptodryas nugax  (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992Malaysia, Selangor ; Malaysia, Selangor ; Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley, .Microperus diversicolor , except pronotum bright yellow with brown patch, elytra black, declivity commencing closer to elytral base, declivital interstriae covered with many small sharp hooks . Characteristic elytral disc: anterior portion inflated, convex, boundary between elytral disc and declivity slightly concave, impressed.Very similar to Coptodryas undulata (Sampson) .(Blandford)Xyleborus bicolor  Blandford, 1894Euwallacea bicolor  (Blandford): Wood and Bright 1992PageBreakPlaniculus bicolor  (Blandford): Hulcr and Cognato 2010Xyleborus artelaevis  , syn. n.Euwallacea artelaevis  (Schedl): Xyleborus rameus  Schedl, 1940Xyleborus bicolor  (Schedl): Kalshoven 1959Xyleborus artelaevis: Malaysia, Perak, ; New Guinea, Gulf Province, Ivimka, ; Indonesia, Sulawesi . Planiculus bicolor: Nagasaki, Japan ; Fiji, Namosi (Xyleborus rameus (syn. Planiculus bicolor) Schedl det., BMNH).Xyleborus artelaevis virtually identical to Planiculus bicolor (Blandford), except first segment of antennal club more convex. All other characters identical, including uniform granules in declivital interstriae 1, 2, and 3 (same size granules in interstriae 1\u20133 characteristic for Planiculus bicolor). Xyleborus artelaevis holotype deteriorated, missing or damaged body parts including antenne.Holotype of (Schedl) comb. n.Xyleborus percorthylus  Schedl, 1935Taphrodasus percorthylus  (Schedl): Wood 1980Malaysia, Peninsula .Pseudowebbia: regular type of pronotum (not extremely prolonged and flat as in Webbia), circular antennal club (not broadened), triangular to broadly rounded protibia (not thin and sickle-like as in Webbia). Elytral declivity deeply excavated, surrounded by highly elevated circumdeclivital costa with no teeth.Diagnostic characters of Taphrodasus Wood, 1980. Morphological limits of Taphrodasus never specified. Characters listed by Taphrodasus percorthylus, or present in other genera, mostly Webbia. Taphrodasus not a valid genus, see below.Type species of (Schedl) stat. n.: restored nameXyleborus superbus  Schedl, 1951Coptoborus superbus  (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992Xyleborus superbulusunnecessary replacement name  Schedl, 1958a, Coptoborus superbulusunnecessary replacement name  : Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg .Xyleborus superbus Xyleborus superbus Xyleborus superbulus . Xyleborus superbus Coptoborus  restored.ptoborus . ReplaceGenusWood stat. n.: invalid genusTaphrodasusTaphrodasus percorthylus : Taphrodasus: Webbia divisusXyleborus penicillatusXyleborus cuspidus Schedl (1975). Taphrodasus percorthylus transferred to Pseudowebbia ; Taphrodasus divisus and Taphrodasus penicillatus restored in Webbia , Taphrodasus cuspidus not related to any of the other three species . (Eggers)Xyleborus agnatus  Eggers, 1923Cyclorhipidion agnatum  (Eggers): Wood and Bright 1992Truncaudum agnatum  (Eggers): Hulcr and Cognato 2010Xyleborus polyodonsyn. n.  , Cyclorhipidion polyodonsyn. n. : Truncaudum agnatum: New Guinea, Hatam . Xyleborus polyodon: Philippines, Luzon, Mt. Makiling; .Xyleborus polyodon similar to Truncaudum agnatum, except tubercles on and around declivity larger, pointed. Tubercles in homologous position. Eggers\u2019s unspecified \u201ctype\u201d in SMTD from the same collection series as lectotype at USNM .Type of (Schedl) comb. n.Premnobius circumcinctus  Schedl, 1941Premnobius circumcinctus  (Schedl): Wood and Bright 1992Xyleborus circumcinctus  (Schedl): Schedl 1962bPremnobius circumcinctus, holotype, NHMW).Uganda :PageBreak Truncaudum spp.), antenna type 1, several adjacent denticles on each stria on the upper edge of circumdeclivital costa (mostly a single flat tubercle in Truncaudum spp.). Otherwise remarkably similar to Asian relatives. Length: 2.8 mm.The only known African Premnobius by Xyleborus , but combination never offically published.Described as Browne stat. n.: restored nameWebbia divisus Browne (1972)Taphrodasus divisus  (Browne): Wood and Bright 1992Malaysia, Perak .Taphrodasus  without discussion of characters. Webbia synapomorphies: dorsal aspect of pronotum long and quadrangular, pronotal disc long and flat, frontal slope of pronotum short, scutellum suppressed, costate and setose elytral bases. Differs from most Webbia spp. by densely pubescent and excavated declivity and elongated body shape. Length: 2.4 mm. Characters shared with Pseudowebbia percorthylus  (type species of Taphrodasus) limited to excavated declivity with dense setae, genus-level characters different.Transferred to (Hagedorn) stat. n.: restored nameXyleborus penicillatus Hagedorn 1910Prowebbia penicillatus   (Hagedorn): Browne 1963Webbia penicillatus   (Hagedorn): Bright 2000Taphrodasus penicillatus   (Hagedorn): Wood and Bright 1992Malaysia, N.S. Triang ; Malaysia, Perak (BMNH); Malaysia, Borneo (BMNH).Webbia , unrelated to type species of Taphrodasus: Pseudowebbia percorthylus : Hulcr & Cognato, this volume). Similar to Webbia divisus, except declivity with long, dense, erect setae, not scales.Type in Hamburg museum lost .Most fea(Eggers)Xyleborus perpusillus  Eggers, 1927PageBreakXyleborinus perpusillus  (Eggers): Wood & Bright, 1992Xyleborinus perminutissimussyn. n.    Xyleborinus perminutissimus: Indonesia, Java, Mt. Gede . Xyleborinus perpusillus: Indonesia, Sumatra ; Malaysia, Sarawak, Gunung Buda ; Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Vallery ; New Guinea, Oro Province, Kanga .Xyleborinus perminutissimus  virtually identical to holotype of Xyleborinus perpusillus (Eggers). Slightly smaller tubercles in some declivital interstriae, but pattern identical: tubercles missing from interstriae 2.Lectotype of"}
{"text": "The name of the first author was incorrectly represented in the Citation. The correct Citation is: Malik Ghulam M, Courtois F, Lerbs-Mache S, Merendino L (2013) Complex Processing Patterns of mRNAs of the Large ATP Synthase Operon in Arabidopsis Chloroplasts. PLoS ONE 8(11): e78265. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078265"}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Nathaniel Brittain. The correct citation is: Dieye TN, NDiaye BP, Dieng AB, Fall M, Brittain N, et al. (2013) Two Doses of Candidate TB Vaccine MVA85A in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Na\u00efve Subjects Gives Comparable Immunogenicity to One Dose in ART+ Subjects. PLoS ONE 8(6): e67177. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067177."}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Elizabeth L. Alexander.Acinetobacter baumannii in a New York Hospital. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28566. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028566 The correct citation is: Weisenberg SA, Schuetz AN, Alexander EL, Eiss B, Behta M, et al. (2011) Endemic"}
{"text": "The name of the third author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Alexander T. Sack. The correct citation is: Clemens B, Zvyagintsev M, Sack AT, Heinecke A, Willmes K, et al. (2011) Revealing the Functional Neuroanatomy of Intrinsic Alertness Using fMRI: Methodological Peculiarities. PLoS ONE 6(9): e25453. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025453. The correct abbreviation in the Author Contributions statement is: ATS."}
{"text": "There was an error in the first author's name. Yazi D. Ke is correct.The correct citation is: Ke YD, Dramiga J, Sch\u00fctz U, Kril JJ, Ittner LM, et al. (2012) Tau-Mediated Nuclear Depletion and Cytoplasmic Accumulation of SFPQ in Alzheimer's and Pick's Disease. PLoS ONE 7(4): e35678. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035678.The Author Contribution, Performed the experiments, should list YDK JD US."}
{"text": "An error was introduced in the preparation of this article for publication. In the title, 'Thy1+ Nk Cells' should have an uppercase 'K'. The correct title should read: Thy1+ NK Cells from Vaccinia Virus-Primed Mice Confer Protection against Vaccinia Virus Challenge in the Absence of Adaptive Lymphocytes. The correct citation is: Gillard GO, Bivas-Benita M, Hovav A-H, Grandpre LE, Panas MW, et al. (2011) Thy1+ NK Cells from Vaccinia Virus-Primed Mice Confer Protection against Vaccinia Virus Challenge in the Absence of Adaptive Lymphocytes. PLoS Pathog 7(8): e1002141. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002141"}
{"text": "In the Reference list, references 32-35 and 37 are incorrect. The correction references for 32-35 and 37 are:32. Vasquez RA, Ebensperger LA, Bozinovic F (2002) The influence of habitat on travel speed, intermittent locomotion, and vigilance in a diurnal rodent. Behavioral Ecology 13: 182-187.33. Janson CH, Di Bitetti MS (1997) Experimental analysis of food detection in capuchin monkeys: effects of distance, travel speed, and resource size. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 41: 17-24.34. Laundre JW, Reynolds TD, Knick ST, Ball IJ (1987) Accuracy of daily point relocations in assessing real movement of radio-marked animals. Journal of Wildlife Management 51: 937-940.35. Morales JM, Haydon DT, Frair J, Holsinger KE, Fryxell JM (2004) Extracting more out of relocation data: Building movement models as mixtures of random walks. Ecology 85: 2436-2445.37. Witte TH, Wilson AM (2004) Accuracy of non-differential GPS for the determination of speed over ground. Journal of Biomechanics 37: 1891-1898."}
{"text": "A funding designation in our 2012 Viruses publication, doi: 10.3390/v4101844 , contained an incorrect digit. On page 1860, (Acknowledgments), U19 support was incorrectly listed as AI076113. The correct designation is AI096113."}
{"text": "The name of the third author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Jennifer M. Bone. The correct citation is: Myers FB, Henrikson RH, Bone JM, Lee LP (2013) A Handheld Point-of-Care Genomic Diagnostic System. PLoS ONE 8(8): e70266. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070266. The correct abbreviation in the Author Contributions statement is: JMB."}
{"text": "The wrong journal was given for references 13, 14, 15, and 23. The correct references are:13. Van Oevelen S, De Wachter R, Robbrecht E, Prinsen E (2004) 'Candidatus Burkholderia calva' and 'Candidatus Burkholderia nigropunctata' as leaf gall endosymbionts of African Psychotria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54: 2237-2239.14. Van Oevelen S, De Wachter R, Vandamme P, Robbrecht E, Prinsen E (2002) Identification of the bacterial endosymbionts in leaf galls of Psychotria  and proposal of 'Candidatus Burkholderia kirkii' sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52: 2023-2027.15. Lemaire B, Van Oevelen S, De Block P, Verstraete B, Smets E, et al. (2011) Identification of the bacterial endosymbionts in leaf nodules of Pavetta (Rubiaceae). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol doi:ijs.0.028019-0.23. Vandamme PA, Opelt K, Kn\u00f6chel N, Berg D, Sch\u00f6nmann S, et al. (2007) Burkholderia bryophila sp. nov. and Burkholderia megapolitana sp. nov., moss-associated species with antifungal and plant-growth-promoting properties. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57: 2228-2235."}
{"text": "There was an error in the citation. The correct citation is:Kim J, Di Vizio D, Kim T-K, Kim J, Kim M, et al. (2012) The Response of the Prostate to Circulating Cholesterol: Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) as a Prominent Node in a Cholesterol-Sensing Network. PLoS ONE 7(7): e39448. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039448"}
{"text": "AbstractThisizima Walker, 1864 is carried out in China. Thisizima subceratellasp. n. and Thisizima fasciariasp. n. are described as new based on the specimens collected in Fujian, Hainan and Hong Kong. Detailed male and female genitalia are described for the first time for the genus. Photographs of adults and genital structures are provided. A checklist of all the described species is included.The taxonomic study of the genus  Thisizima was established by Thisizima ceratella Walker, 1864 as the type species. It includes five named species: Thisizima ceratella Walker, 1864 distributed in India, Burma, Thailand, West Malaysia and the Anambas Islands; Thisizima antiphanesPageBreakMeyrick, 1894 in Burma and Thailand; Thisizima sedilis Meyrick, 1907 in Bhutan, Sikkim, Burma and Thailand; Thisizima bubalopa Meyrick, 1911 in Sri Lanka and India, and Thisizima bovina Meyrick, 1928 in the Andaman Islands , India.HL Holotype.PL Paratype.ST Syntype.Walker, 1864http://species-id.net/wiki/ThisizimaThisizima Walker, 1864: 820.Thisizima ceratella Walker, 1864: 820, by monotypy.PageBreak1 from basal 1/4 of cell, R3 from upper angle, R5 to apex, M3 close to CuA1 at base, CuA1 from lower angle of cell, forked portion of A1+2 about 1/3 length of vein, trace of CuP weak, cell closed, with trace of chorda and M stem; retinaculum in male subcostal, elongately triangular, with broad base and curled apex. Hind wing ; Burma, Thailand, West Malaysia, India, Sikkim, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands and the Anambas Islands.Thisizima was placed in Tineidae since its establishment. The genus belongs to Tineidae without doubt, represented by the head with erect piliform scales, the subovate forewing with R4 terminating on costa, the male retinaculum arising from Sc, and the female abdomen with corethrogyne in the seventh segment. However, its subfamily position has not been assigned due to some characters that indicate the uniqueness of this genus: the strongly flattened antenna, the rather reduced maxillary palpus, the absence of foretibial epiphysis and the position of ostium. The shape of the labial palpus may suggest its affiliation with Scardiinae and Euplocaminae; the corethrogyne in female may suggest its affiliation with Perissomasticinae. The status of Thisizima might be settled with further work on its morphology and biology.Thisizima antiphanes Meyrick, 18941. Thisizima antiphanes Meyrick, 1894: 27.Type locality: Burma.Depository of type: BMNH (HT).Distribution: Burma and Thailand.Thisizima bovina Meyrick, 19282. Thisizima bovina Meyrick, 1928: 428.Type locality: Andaman Islands.Depository of type: Unknown.Distribution: Andaman Islands.Thisizima bubalopa Meyrick, 19113. Thisizima bubalopa Meyrick, 1911: 125.Type locality: Sri Lanka (Peradeniya); India (Nilgiris).Depository of types: BMNH (ST).Distribution: Sri Lanka and India.Thisizima ceratella Walker, 18644. Thisizima ceratella Walker, 1864: 820.Type locality: India.Depository of type: BMNH (HT).PageBreakDistribution: India, Burma, Thailand, West Malaysia and Anambas Islands.Thisizima fasciaria sp. n.5. Type locality: China (Fujian).Depository of type: NKU (HT & PT), KFBG (PT).Distribution: China .Thisizima sedilis Meyrick, 19076. Thisizima sedilis Meyrick, 1907: 989.Type locality: Bhutan; Sikkim.Depository of type: IMK (ST).Distribution: Bhutan, Sikkim, Burma and Thailand.Thisizima subceratella sp. n.7. Type locality: China (Fujian).Depository of type: NKU (HT & PT), KFBG (PT).Distribution: China .urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A0755544-7CF8-4F5F-AE68-396A337FF41Bhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Thisizima_fasciariaCHINA, Holotype \u2642, Fujian Province: Mt. Tianzhu , Xiamen City, 220 m, 14.ix.2010, leg. Yinghui Sun & Jing Zhang (NKU).Paratypes: 2 \u2642, 15,19.viii.2010, leg. Bingbing Hu & Jing Zhang, same locality as holotype, genitalia slide No. YLL11172 (NKU). Hong Kong: 1 \u2640, Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre , 210 m, 20.iv.2007, leg. Houhun Li et al. (NKU), genitalia slide No. YLL11165; 1 \u2642, Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre, 210 m, 20.ix.2009, leg. Houhun Li et al. (NKU); 1 \u2642, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden , 315\u2212575 m, 26.ix.2009, leg. Houhun Li et al. (NKU); 1 \u2640, Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre, Shek Kong, N.T., UTM: 50Q KV 030833, 28.iv.1997, 125W MBF, leg. R.C. Kendrick, genitalia slide No. YLL11171 (KFBG); 1 \u2642, Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre, Shek Kong, N.T., UTM: 50Q KK 029832, alt. 200 m, 6.v.1998, 125 W MBF, leg. R.C. Kendrick (KFBG); 1 \u2642, Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre, Shek Kong, N.T., UTM: 50Q KK 029832, alt. 200 m, 2.iv.1999, 125 W MBF, leg. R.C. Kendrick (KFBG).PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakon outer surface, second segment cupreous brown on outer surface of basal half, with sparse black lateral bristles. Thorax and tegula black. Forewing index about 0.32; ground color bright white; a black triangular patch from costal margin to dorsum on basal 1/6; an oblique, black fascia from basal 1/3 to just before middle of dorsum, slightly narrowed medially, sinuate along both margins; a rectangular black patch from outer margin of cell to distal 1/6 of forewing, confluent with two black subtriangular patches from costa and termen before apex respectively, forming a broad Y-shaped pattern; two black costal spots between oblique fascia and Y-shaped pattern; termen and dorsum scattered with faint dark brown dots, dim in some specimens; fringe yellowish brown. Hindwing index 0.35; light grayish brown; fringe gray; frenulum with one stout bristle in male, one much slender and shorter bristle in female. Fore leg black; mid leg black, with snow white fine scales at apex of tibia, tarsus yellowish brown on ventral surface, with white at apex of each segment on dorsal surface, spurs dark brown; hind leg and spurs yellowish brown, apex of tibia and each segment of tarsus with white scales dorsally.Imago : WingspaMale genitalia .fasciarius, meaning fascia, referring to the oblique, black fascia near middle of forewinPageBreakPageBreakg.This specific name is derived from the Latin urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FA0F81DD-9A18-4261-BB92-F89F9681B288http://species-id.net/wiki/Thisizima_subceratellaCHINA, Holotype \u2642, Fujian Province: Mt. Tianzhu , Xiamen City, 220 m, 12.ix.2010, leg. Yinghui Sun & Jing Zhang (NKU).Paratypes: 2 \u2642, 30.viii,19.ix.2010, other same data as holotype, genitalia slide No. NKYLL010 (NKU). Hainan Province: 1 \u2642, Mt. Wuzhi , 700 m, 19.v.2007, leg. Zhiwei Zhang & Weichun Li (NKU). Hong Kong: 2 \u2642, Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre , Shek Kong, N.T., UTM: 50Q KV 030833, 125 W MBF, 28.iv.1997, leg. R.C. Kendrick (KFBG).Imago . WingspaMale genitalia .sub-, meaning similar, and another specific name ceratella, referring to the similarities of the two species.The specific name is derived from the Latin prefix Thisizima ceratella. Unfortunately, the holotype has lost its hindwings and abdomen. The late G. Robinson had therefore dissected a male specimen identified as ceratella in the Meyrick collection, collected in Koni, Burma. Tuck kindly compared our illustrations of Thisizima subceratella sp. n.with Robinson\u2019s slide BMNH Microlep. No. 27736. He noticed a small but distinct difference in the shape of the valva: in Robinson\u2019s dissection the valva is slightly larger and therefore extends further laterally and has five strong spines, whereas our illustration shows a relatively short valva with only 3\u22124 spines on each.K. Tuck (BMNH) assisted us to check the identity of Thisizima ceratella given by Thisizima ceratella on this dissected specimen.Furthermore, the adult photograph of Monopis H\u00fcbner). The forewing pattern in the new species is quite different from that of Thisizima ceratella, and the shape of the valva does have small but distinct difference between the two species, which we regard as sufficient evidence that this is a good species.There are many tineid species showing small differences in genitalia, but they can usually be recognized by the external morphology, such as forewing pattern and venation (eg. species of"}
{"text": "The 5th author's last name is misspelled. The correct 5th author's name is: Khalit Mohamad.The correct citation is: Nagoor NH, Shah Jehan Muttiah N, Soon Lim C, In LLA, Mohamad K, et al. (2011) Regulation of Apoptotic Effects by Erythrocarpine E, a Cytotoxic Limonoid from Chisocheton erythrocarpus in HSC-4 Human Oral Cancer Cells. PLoS ONE 6(8): e23661. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023661"}
{"text": "AbstractAndraca Walker hitherto known from China are reviewed, and a new species, Andraca gongshanensis, sp. n., described from Yunnan Province, China. Adults and male genitalia of all examined species are illustrated, together with a distributional map. A key to all seven Chinese Andraca species is provided. The types of the new species are deposited in SCAU  and HUNAU .The six species of the genus  Andraca was established by Andraca bipunctata Bombycidae for over 150 years, but was recently transferred to family Endromidae based on the molecular study of Andraca theae and Andraca olivacea from Taiwan. Andraca species from China: Andraca bipunctata is widely distributed in central and southern China, Andraca henosa Chu & Wang, 1993 was listed from Yunnan, and Andraca hedra Chu & Wang, 1993 from Hainan and Fujian; in this paper, they also included Andraca gracilis Butler 1885, which is currently placed in the genus Pseudandraca Miyata, 1970. Andraca flavamaculata Yang, 1995, to the Chinese Andraca fauna. Andraca from Vietnam and provided a world checklist. Andraca species from Vietnam, describing two new species, Andraca stueningi Zolotuhin & Witt, 2009 and Andraca melli Zolotuhin & Witt, 2009, and newly treating two taxa, Andraca trilochoides roepkei Bryk, 1944 and Andraca olivacea olivacens Mell, 1958, as subspecies of Andraca trilochoides Moore, 1865 and Andraca olivacea Matsumura, 1927 respectively. At present, the genus Andraca consists of eight species ranging from the Himalayas to Southeast Asia.The genus Andraca species are reviewed, including the description of one new species Andraca gongshanensis, sp. n. The early stages of Andraca theae (Matsumura 1909) are described in detail. A key to the seven Chinese Andraca species is provided.In the present paper, seven Chinese Specimens of the new species were collected by light trap. The types of previously described species in the Natural History Museum, London, UK (BMNH) were examined. Other materials examined in this study are preserved in SCAU and HUNAU. Morphological terminology used in descriptions follows Walker, 1865http://species-id.net/wiki/AndracaAndracaList Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 32: 581. PageBreak  Walker, 1865, PseudoeupteroteCatalogue Insectorum Noxiorum Formosarum: 48. ). Type-species designation by monotype.  Shiraki, 1911, Forewing weakly falcate. Ground color varying from shades of brown to sandy grey.Male genitalia. Uncus apically single-pointed to weakly indented; gnathos with two long, basally broad, upcurved arms; valvae basally broad, sclerotized, long or medium length; aedeagus short with apex truncated, cornuti present or absent.Andraca bipunctata). Eighth segment curved deeply, ventral margin of ostium bursae extends posteriorly as a broad bilobed plate, ductus bursae sclerotized distal to mid-point, tapering to half width; distal half unsclerotized with slight torsion, corpus bursae lacking a signum.Female genitalia   .Walker, l865http://species-id.net/wiki/Andraca_bipunctataAndraca bipunctataList Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 32: 582. Type locality: Hindustan, India.  Walker, 1865, Andraca bipunctataSinozoologia, 10: 241.  Walker, 1862: Chu& Wang, 1993, Andraca henosaSinozoologia,10: 242. Type locality: Yunnan, China.  Chu & Wang, 1993, Andraca henosaFauna Sinica Insecta, 5: 55.  Chu & Wang: Chu & Wang, 1996,  Male (China): wingspan 42\u201345 mm, length of forewing 21\u201323 mm, antenna length 6\u20138 mm . Male geFemale genitalia: see above under generic entry.[CHINA]2\u2642\u2642, western Yunnan, 2005-VI-15, Ming-Yi Tian leg.; 2\u2642\u2642, Dulongjiang, Yunnan Province, 2006-VII-21, Min Wang & Xiao-Ling Fan leg.; 1\u26421\u2640, Gongshan Mountain, Yunnan Province, 2006-VII-22 , Min Wang & Xiao-Ling Fan leg.Camellia sinensis (Theaceae), Camellia Assamica (Theaceae), Camellia oleifera (Theaceae).  China (Yunnan); India.Andraca trilochoides from a brighter and grayish individual. This taxon was later synonymized with Andraca bipunctata by Hampson, ([1893]), an action that was followed by This widely distributed species is rather variable in coloration and size. Andraca bipunctata is closely related to Andraca angulata Kishida, 1993 , Andraca theae (Taiwan) and Andraca stueningi (Vietnam). These four species form the bipunctata group, and share the following characteristics: 1) male hindtibia with one pair of spurs; 2) two dorsally-directed projections present on subapical part of valva; 3) external surface of aedeagus partially covered with hair-like spines; 4) a cluster of strong spinose cornuti on vesica.Andraca bipunctata are well-known serious pests of tea trees, Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) (Larvae of heaceae) .Matsumura, 1927http://species-id.net/wiki/Andraca_olivaceaAndraca olivaceaJ. Coll. Agric. Hokkaido. Univ., 19: 50. Type locality: Formosa (=Taiwan), China.PageBreak  Matsumura, 1927, Andraca hedraSinozool., 10: 233. Type locality: Hainan, China.  Chu & Wang, 1993, Andraca hedraFauna Sinica Insecta, 5: 58.  Chu & Wang: Chu & Wang, 1996, Andraca olivaceaSpec. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Coleopterol., 5: 464; Kishida, 1992, Lepidoptera of Taiwan, 1 (2): 153. : Owada et al., 2002, Male: wingspan 36\u201338 mm, length of forewing 16\u201320 mm, antenna length 5\u20137 mm . HindtibPageBreakbut 2006-IX-18, Liu-Sheng Chen leg.; 1 \u2642, same data but 2008-VI-7, Min Wang leg.; 1 \u2642, same data but 2008-VI-7; 1 \u2642, same data but 2009-IV-1, Hou-Shuai Wang leg.; 1 \u2642 , same data but 2009-VIII-10; 1 \u2642, same data but 2009-IV-1; 1 \u2642 , same data but 2009-VIII-10; 1 \u2642, Maoershan National Nature Reserve, Xingan City, Guangxi Province, 2003-III-3, Min Wang & Guo-Hua Huang leg.; 6 \u2642 \u2642, Jianfengling National Nature Reserve, Ledong City, Hainan Province, 2003-XI-29~31, Guo-Hua Huang & Min Wang leg.; 1 \u2642, same data but 2007-X-23, Min Wang leg.[CHINA] 1 \u2642, Shimentai Provincial Nature Reserve, Yingde City, Guangdong Province, 2001-VII-24, Min Wang & Guo-Hua Huang leg.; 1 \u2642, same data but 2001-IX-22; 3 \u2642 \u2642, same data but 2002-VI-11, Guo-Hua Huang leg.; 1 \u2642, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Ruyuan City, Guangdong Province, 2002-VII-23, Guo-Hua Huang leg.; 4 \u2642 \u2642, same data but 2003-III-29~31; 1 \u2642, same data but 2003-VI-22; 2 \u2642 \u2642, same data but 2003-VIII-7; 2 \u2642 \u2642, same data but 2003-VIII-18; 5 \u2642 \u2642, same data but 2004-IV-23; 1 \u2640, same data but 2004-IV-24; 2 \u2642 \u2642, same data Ficus concinna var. pusillifolia (Moraceae).  China ; Vietnam.Andraca olivacens from Fukien (= Fujian) to the synonym of Andraca olivacea, whereas Andraca olivacens.Swinhoe, 1907http://species-id.net/wiki/Andraca_apodectaAndraca apodectaAnn. Mag. nat. Hist., 19 (7): 49. Type locality: Sumatra, Indonesia.  Swinhoe, 1907, Andraca apodectaMalayan Nature Society: 85; Zolotuhin & Witt, 2009, Entomofauna, 261.  Swinhoe: Holloway, 1976, Male: wingspan 37\u201339 mm, length of forewing 15\u201318 mm, antenna length 6\u20138 mm . Head co[CHINA]2\u2642\u2642, Jinzhongshan Mountain, Longlin City, Guangxi Province, 2007-VII-31, Liu-Sheng Chen leg.. Unknown. China , Vietnam, Thailand , Indonesia .The species was first recorded from China  by Yang, 1995 comb. rev.http://species-id.net/wiki/Andraca_flavamaculataAndraca flavamaculataInsects of Baishanzu Mountain, Eastern China: 354. Type locality: Zhejiang, China.  Yang, 1995, Andraca nabesanSpec. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Coleopterol., (5): 464; Huang & Wang, 2004, Entomotaxonomia, 26(1): 47. Type locality: Cao Bang, Vietnam.  Kishida & Owada, 2002, Male: wingspan 40\u201344 mm, length of forewing 20\u201322 mm, antenna length 6\u20137 mm . Body st [CHINA] 2 \u2642\u2642, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Ruyuan City, Guangdong Province, 2002-III-15, Guo-Hua Huang leg.; 2 \u2642\u2642, same data but 2003-II-23; 5 \u2642 \u2642, same data but 2003-III-29 ~ 31; 1 \u2642, same data but 2003 -VIII-30; 1 \u2642, same data but 2006-IX-17, Zhen Li leg.; 2 \u2642\u2642 , Maoershan National Nature Reserve, Xingan City, Guangxi Province, 2003-III-03, Min Wang & Guo-Hua Huang leg.; 3 \u2642 \u2642, Mangshan Nature Reserve, Yizhang City, Hunan Province, 2003-III-31, Guo-Hua Huang leg.; 1 \u2642, Jiuwandashan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province, 2003-VII-30, Guo-Hua Huang leg. Unknown. China ; Vietnam.Andraca olivacea but can be distinguished by the following characters: aedeagus straight; gnathos not prominent. Andraca nabesan Kishida & Owada, 2002 with Andraca flavamaculata, which they also transferred to Pseudandraca species based on features of the genitalia. We accept the synonymy but do not agree with the generic transfer, because we do not consider that the diagnostic feature of Pseudandraca given by Andraca flavamaculata. We therefore transfer Andraca flavamaculata comb. rev. back to Andraca. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E5DD5FB7-554B-48A6-9EF3-65F1699E9897http://species-id.net/wiki/Andraca_gongshanensisPageBreakdark brow with dark brow fasciae and reddish-yellow patterns, which is consisting of antemedian, discocellar, postmedian fascia, and reddish-yellow patterns nearly placed on the wholly wings but termen. Forewing apex falcate; outer edge smooth and straight; tornus almost rectangular. Hindwing with anal margin straight; outer margin angled at vein M3, straight above and below this.Male: wingspan 46\u201348 mm, length of forewing 22\u201324 mm, antenna length 5\u20138 mm . AntennaMale genitalia : uncus lParatypes, 2 \u2642\u2642, same data as holotype but 2006-VII-21.; 1 \u2642, same data as holotype but 2006-VII-23; deposited in Institute of Entomology, HUNAU. \u2642, Gongshan Mountain, Yunnan Province, China, 2006-VII-22, Min Wang & Xiao-Ling Fan leg., deposited in Department of Entomology, SCAU;  Unknown. China (Yunnan). The specific epithet refers to the type locality.Andraca flavamaculata, but can be distinguished by the following characters of the male genitalia: Andraca gongshanensis, sp. n. with uncus apex wedge-shaped,apex of valva constricted and truncate, sacculus without a strong dorsal spike. And Andraca flavamaculata with uncus apex finger-shaped, apex of valva boot-shaped; sacculus broad, with a strong dorsal spike.This new species is very similar to Andraca gongshanensis is paler than Andraca flavamaculata.Externally, Zolotuhin & Witt, 2009http://species-id.net/wiki/Andraca_melliAndraca melliEntomofauna, Suppl. 16: 262. Type locality: Guangdong, China.  Zolotuhin & Witt, 2009, Male: wingspan 37\u201339 mm, length of forewing 15\u201318 mm, antenna length 5\u20137 mm . AntennaPageBreakMale genitalia : uncus b [CHINA]2 \u2642\u2642, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Ruyuan City, Guangdong Province, 2007-VI-23, Liu-Sheng Chen collected larvae and reared to adult.Camellia sinensis (Theaceae), Camellia oleifera (Theaceae), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Oleaceae) and Ternstroemia japonica (Ternstroemiaceae), Pentaphylax euryoides Gardn. & Champ. (Pentaphylacaceae) (new host record). China ; Vietnam; Thailand.Andraca melli was first described by Matsumura, 1909http://species-id.net/wiki/Andraca_theaeOreta theaeThousand Insects of Japan, 1: 86. Type locality: Formosa (= Taiwan), China.  Matsumura, 1909, Male: wingspan 35\u201337 mm, length of forewing 17\u201319 mm, antenna length 6\u20137 mm . Head deMale genitalia : uncus t[CHINA] 1 \u2642, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Ruyuan City, Guangdong Province, 2003-III-29, Guo-Hua Huang leg.; 1 \u2642, same data to the former, except 2003-VIII-12, Guo-Hua Huang & De-Yu Xin leg.; 2 \u2642\u2642, Taibei City, Taiwan Province, 2009-VIII-15, Shipher Wu leg.; 10 \u2642\u2642, Wuyunjie National Nature Reserve, Taoyuan City, Hunan Province, 2010-VII-2, collected the larvae in the field by Mr. Hong-Chun Zhou, got the adults from the larvae bred in the entomological laboratory of Hunan Agricultural University by Dr. Guo-Hua Huang; 3 \u2642\u2642, Houxi Town, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, 2010-VI-28, the adults from the larvae collected in the field and bred in laboratory by Dr. Guo-Hua Huang.Camellia sinensis (Theaceae). Camellia sinensis in Hunan Province; photographs of the early stages were taken in June to August, 2010 . The species is easily separated from its congeners by the apically bifurcate valvae."}
{"text": "There was an error in the names of the 5th and 19th authors. The correct name of the 5th author is Kevin V. Shianna. The correct name of the 19th author is David B. Goldstein. The corrected citation is: Lingappa JR, Petrovski S, Kahle E, Fellay J, Shianna KV, et al. (2011) Genomewide Association Study for Determinants of HIV-1 Acquisition and Viral Set Point in HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples with Quantified Virus Exposure. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28632. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028632. The corrrected author contributions is: Conceived and designed the experiments: JRL SP JF MJM JMB CC AW JIM DD BH DBG. Performed the experiments: JRL SP KVS CC AW GdB JIM EN-J CF ME JK DBG. Analyzed the data: JRL SP EK KKT. Wrote the paper: JRL SP EK JF KS MJM KKT JMB CC AW GdB JIM EN-J CF ME DD JK DBG."}
{"text": "AbstractParidris nephta group is revised (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Fifteen species are described, 14 of which are new: Paridris atroxTalamas, sp. n., Paridris bununTalamas, sp. n.(Taiwan), Paridris ferusTalamas, sp. n.(Thailand), Paridris kagemonoTalamas, sp. n.(Japan), Paridris minatorTalamas, sp. n., Paridris mystaxTalamas, sp. n., Paridris nephta(Kozlov) , Paridris nilakaTalamas, sp. n.(Thailand), Paridris reptilisTalamas, sp. n.(Taiwan), Paridris rugulosusTalamas, sp. n., Paridris solarisTalamas, sp. n., Paridris teresTalamas, sp. n.(Vietnam), Paridris toketokiTalamas, sp. n.(Taiwan), Paridris verrucosusTalamas, sp. n., Paridris yakTalamas, sp. n.(Thailand).The  Tuora nephta Kozlov as its sole species. No major taxonomic changes occurred in this group until Tuora as a junior synonym of ParidrisKieffer, a huge cosmopolitan group. Examination of material from East and Southeast Asia has brought to light many new species that are morphologically close to Paridris nephta, constituting a rather homogenous group that may be readily separated from the remainder of Paridris.In 1978, M. Kozlov described a new genus of scelionine wasps based on material from the Russian Far East, with Paridris nephta group and describe its species. This work is conducted as part of the Platygastroidea Planetary Biodiversity Inventory and represents a step toward revision of Scelionini sensu lato and resolution of the relationships between its constituent genera. The contributions of the authors are as follows: E.J. Talamas: character definition, species group concept development, species concept development, imaging, key development, manuscript preparation; N.F. Johnson: species concept development, key development, manuscript preparation; L. Masner: species group concept development, manuscript preparation.The goals of this paper are to define the Specimens: This work is based upon specimens deposited in the following collections, with abbreviations used in the text: CNCI, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada1; IEBR, Institute of Ecology and Biolgical Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam2; IZCAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, China3; OSUC, C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Columbus, OH4; QSBG, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand5; ROME, Royal Ontario Museum, Ontario, Canada6; RMNH, Leiden Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum, Netherlands7.Morphology: Abbreviations and morphological terms used in text: A1, A2, ... A12: antennomere 1, 2, ... 12; claval formula: distribution of the multiporous basiconic sensilla on the underside of apical antennomeres of the female, with the antennomere interval specified followed by the number of sensilla per segment . Details on the data associated with these specimens may be accessed at the following link, purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/hol, and entering the identifier in the form. This monograph also features simultaneous publication and distribution of taxonomic and occurrence records through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) using DarwinCore Archives as in Hymenoptera Name Server (hns.osu.edu). Life sciences identifiers, lsids, may be resolved at the URLs specified in the footnotes or at lsid.tdwg.org.Cybertools:The species descriptions are generated by a database application, vSysLab (purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/vSysLab), designed to facilitate the generation of taxon by character data matrices, to integrate these with the existing taxonomic and specimen-level database, and to export the data both as text and as input files for other applications. The output is in the format of \u201cCharacter: Character state(s).\u201dImaging: Images were produced using Combine ZP and AutoMontage extended-focus software. The individual images are archived at the image database at The Ohio PageBreakState University (purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/specimage) and with MorphBank (www.morphbank.net). The latter also contains collections of images organized by plate.Species Concept: For the purpose of this revision, species are defined as taxa diagnosable by putative autapomorphies or a unique combination of fixed character states.Idris was described by Arnold F\u00f6rster in 1856, and the name has been used as the root for a number of generic names in Platygastroidea. Formicidae, relieving the stress on roots such as \u2013myrmex and \u2013myrma. According to Wheeler, the name is a substantive noun, derived from classical Greek, meaning \u201cthe knowing or provident one.\u201d As such, it may be either masculine or feminine in grammatical gender. While workers in Platygastroidea have treated the name and its derivatives as masculine, myrmecologists have used names with this root as feminine nouns. Here, we continue our tradition and use Paridris as a masculine noun.The genus Paridris brevipennis Fouts has one documented host association with Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister  and Anteris F\u00f6rster , with the exception of one widespread species group . In some Neotropical and Oceanic species of Paridris, the lateral propodeal carinae form two points lateral to the metasomal depression, similar to the propodeal points in Probaryconus Kieffer. The following key separates Probaryconus and Anteris from Paridris with the fewest characters possible.Separation of  notauli  nor an e notauli , and alw notauli . The epo notauli  is presees group  that alsna of T2  unambiguParidris nephta species group can be separated from the remainder of Paridris by the combination of the following characters: occipital carina reaching base of mandible; mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus absent mesal to notaulus; scutoscutellar and posterior scutellar sulci comprised of deep cells; metascutellum bispinose, glabrous; mesepisternum below femoral groove with coarse rugose sculpture; paracoxal and metapleural sulci not fused in dorsal half of metapleuron . Color of head: reddish brown. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose laterally. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: irregularly rugulose. Sculpture of gena: irregularly rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: equal to r-rs. Notaulus: absent. Color of mesosoma: variably orange to brown. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: areolate rugulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: areolate rugulose. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: present. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: rugulose posteriorly. Sculpture of femoral groove: striate below mesopleural pit. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: rugulose. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: absent. Mesopleural carina: present. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Color of legs: yellow throughout.PageBreakColor of metasoma: reddish brown. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: weakly longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: longitudinally strigose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: weakly rugulose. Punctation of T4: moderately dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: absent.PageBreak Punctation of T5: moderately dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: weakly longitudinally strigose.Paridris atrox may be separated from the other members of the Paridris nephta species group by the absence of notauli and the presence of striation on S3. Paridris atrox is named for the severe appearance of its head, its mandibles in particular. The specific epithet is adjectival, and means \u201cfearsome\u201d in Latin. 13CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Baoshan City, 28 km (air)SE Tengyue (Teng Chong), pass over Gaoligong Mts., clearing / natural forest, Luoshuidong, 24\u00b057'N, 98\u00b045'E, 2300m, 26.X\u201331.X.1998, flight intercept trap, C. Griswold, D. Kavanaugh & C. L. Long, OSUC 241473 (deposited in IZCAS).Holotype, female: Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A3CA8ADB-0B8F-47C1-A757-9CEAE44779A2urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:273886http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_bunun Female body length: 3.41 mm (n=1). Color of head: dark red, becoming darker dorsally. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose laterally. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: finely punctate. Sculpture of gena: densely and finely punctate. Basiconic sensillum on A7: present.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: less than r-rs. Notaulus: present in posterior half of mesoscutum. Color of mesosoma: variably red to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: densely punctate throughout. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: densely punctate. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: finely punctate. Sculpture of femoral groove: smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present along anterior half of femoral groove. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: reddish brown. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: weakly longitudinally strigose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: weakly longitudinally strigose. Punctation of T4: sparse in medial third, moderately dense laterally. Macrosculpture of T5: absent. Punctation of T5: absent in medial third, moderately dense laterally. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: absent.Paridris bunun is most similar to Paridris minator, though the two have widely disjunct distributions, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, respectively. The two may be separated by the medially smooth T3 and short R1  of Paridris bunun and the longer setation of the body in Paridris minator. Paridris bunun is a much larger species than Paridris minator, but it is known from a single specimen and thus we are not able to assess its size variation. Some species of the Paridris nephta group are known to exhibit significant size variation (e.g. Paridris nilaka) and thus size should be used cautiously.PageBreak  The species is named for the Bunun tribe of Taiwan that historically occupied the region where it was collected. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.15TAIWAN: Taiwan Prov., Pingtung Co., T\u2019eng-chih (Tengchi) Medium-Altitude Experiment Station, 23\u00b005.75'N, 120\u00b047.37'E , 1660m, 3.VI\u20135.VI.2008, yellow pan trap, L. Masner, OSUC 262237 (deposited in CNCI).Holotype, female: Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6B7296C1-4E71-4A35-B937-ABB1949B7DBEurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:241281http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_ferusFemale body length: 2.89 mm (n=1). Color of head: black throughout. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally striate throughout. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: punctate rugulose. Sculpture of gena: dorsoventrally strigose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: present.Wings: brachypterous, apex of forewing ending before T4. Notaulus: percurrent. Color of mesosoma: variably orange to brown. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: densely punctate, with longitudinal rugae in posterior half. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth along midline, otherwise punctate rugulose. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: finely punctate. Sculpture of femoral groove: striate in ventral end. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present along anterior half of femoral groove. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: dense. Color of legs: pale brown throughout.Color of metasoma: orange to brown. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: longitudinally strigose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: absent. Punctation of T4: moderately dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: absent. Punctation of T5: moderately dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: longitudinally strigose.Paridris ferus and Paridris reptilis are the only brachypterous species known in the Paridris nephta group. Aside from this character, these two species are not particularly similar and may be separated by the presence of a basiconic sensillum on A7, the smooth form of the metapleural sulcus and longitudinal striation of S3 in Paridris ferus.  The adjectival epithet \u201cferus\u201d means \u201cwild\u201d or \u201cuntamed\u201d in Latin and refers to the \u201csavage\u201d appearance of this species.17THAILAND: Chiang Mai Prov., summit forest, T178, Doi Inthanon National Park, 18\u00b035.361'N, 98\u00b029.157'E , 2500m, 9.VIII\u201316.VIII.2006, malaise trap, Y. Areeluck, OSUC 192426 (deposited in QSBG).PageBreakPageBreakHolotype, female: Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:59410F97-5DD7-4E7E-A7C3-2F25DD7665AEurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:273916http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_kagemonoFemale body length: 2.65 mm (n=1). Color of head: dark orange, becoming brown at vertex. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: dorsoventrally striate. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally striate throughout. Microsculpture of frons: present. Sculpture of posterior vertex: punctate rugulose. Sculpture of gena: irregularly rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: less than r-rs. Notaulus: percurrent. Color of mesosoma: orange throughout. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: densely punctate throughout. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugulose throughout. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: punctate rugulose. Sculpture of femoral groove: striate below mesopleural pit. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: absent. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: orange throughout. Horn of T1: absent. Microsculpture of T2: present. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: reticulate rugose. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: reticulate rugose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: weakly rugulose. Punctation of T4: moderately dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: absent. Punctation of T5: moderately dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: absent.Paridris kagemono is most similar to Paridris nephta. It may be separated from it, and all other members of the Paridris nephta species group, by the presence of microsculpture between the striae of the frons.  The epithet \u201ckagemono\u201d means \u201csupernatural creature of the night\u201d in Japanese. It is used as a noun in apposition.19JAPAN: Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu Isl., primary evergreen forest, Mount Tachibana, 1.VII\u20136.VII.1979, yellow pan trap, K. Yamagishi, OSUC 262193 (deposited in CNCI).Holotype, female: Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A07840D-7470-4B42-89E2-7012B99C6C8Furn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:241284http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_minatorFemale body length: 2.27\u20132.53 mm (n=9). Color of head: uncertain, reddish brown. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose throughout; rugose. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: finely punctate; punctate rugulose. Sculpture of gena: punctate rugulose; densely and finely punctate. Basiconic sensillum on A7: present.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: equal to r-rs; longer than r-rs. Notaulus: percurrent. Color of mesosoma: variably red to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: densely punctate throughout. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: densely punctate. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: finely punctate. Sculpture of femoral groove: smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Color of legs: pale brown throughout; yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: dark brown to black throughout; reddish brown. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: reticulate; longitudinally strigose; weakly longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: longitudinally strigose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: weakly rugulose; absent. Punctation of T4: moderately dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: absent. Punctation of T5: moderately dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: absent.Paridris minator is similar to Paridris solaris in size, habitus and distribution and to Paridris bunun in its diagnostic characters. It is best separated from Paridris solaris by the presence of a basiconic sensillum on A7 and from Paridris bunun by the coarse punctation of the head and prominent striae of lateral T3.  The Latin epithet \u201cminator\u201d means \u201cthreatener\u201d and is given to this species for its fierce appearance.21THAILAND: Chiang Mai Prov., checkpoint 2, T73, Doi Inthanon National Park, 18\u00b031.559'N, 98\u00b029.941'E , 1700mPageBreak, 15.VII\u201322.VII.2006, malaise trap, Y. Areeluck, OSUC 237531 (deposited in QSBG). Paratypes:  LAOS: 1 female, OSUC 334241 (CNCI). THAILAND: 7 females, OSUC 262239, 334245, 396845 (CNCI); OSUC 334205 (OSUC); OSUC 334005, 334215, 334246 (QSBG). Holotype, female: Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67E77FD7-4ECC-494F-B7B0-497E4B82AB59urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:241282http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_mystax Female body length: 2.53-3.26 mm (n=20). Color of head: black throughout. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose throughout. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: punctate rugulose. Sculpture of gena: irregularly rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: equal to r-rs; less than r-rs. Notaulus: percurrent. Color of mesosoma: orange to dark red anteriorly, brown posteriorly, mesoscutellum black. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: densely punctate throughout. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugulose throughout; smooth along midline, otherwise punctate rugulose. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: finely punctate. Sculpture of femoral groove: smooth; striate in ventral end. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present along anterior half of femoral groove. Setation of ventral metapleural area: present throughout. Setation of metapleural triangle: dense. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: orange to black. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: reticulate; absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: reticulate rugose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: rugulose. Punctation of T4: dense throughout; moderately dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: weakly rugulose laterally; absent. Punctation of T5: dense throughout; moderately dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: absent.Paridris mystax is one of the most distinctive species and can be easily identified by the dense setation throughout the ventral metapleural area and on the ventrolateral frons.  The epithet \u201cmystax\u201d, meaning \u201chair on the upper lip\u201d in Greek, is given to this species for the conspicuous setation of the ventral frons.23THAILAND: Loei Prov., Pong Neep Forest Unit, dry evergreen forest, T783, Phu Kradung National Park, 16\u00b056.589'N, 101\u00b042.074'E , 273m, 14.X\u201321.X.2006, malaise trap, S. Glong-lasae, OSUC 237667 (deposited in QSBG). Paratypes:  LAOS: 1 female, OSUC 265072 (CNCI). THAILAND: 18 females, OSUC 396840\u2013396841, 396846 (CNCI); OSUCPageBreak 254570, 254594\u2013254595, 334210, 381817, 396837 (OSUC); OSUC 237533, 254569, 265198\u2013265199, 334209, 334224\u2013334226, 334228 (QSBG). Other material: THAILAND: 18 males, OSUC 181202, 181292, 237529, 396844, 396847 (CNCI); OSUC 254552, 265200, 334208, 334211, 334216 (OSUC); OSUC 237666, 261871, 265201, 266164, 334202\u2013334203, 334212, 334227 (QSBG). Holotype, female: (Kozlov)urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8471114-0E15-44FB-BFA4-2FE3A0E7EAE8urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:243854http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_nephtaTuora nephta  Kozlov, 1976: 98 ; Kozlov & Kononova, 1990: 263 ; Kononova, 1995: 86 (keyed).Paridris nephta  (Kozlov): Kononova & Kozlov, 2008: 279, 281 .Description. Female body length: 2.53\u20133.10 mm (n=20). Color of head: dark brown to black. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: dorsoventrally striate. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally striate throughout. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: densely punctate. Sculpture of gena: finely punctate strigose; irregularly rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: equal to r-rs; less than r-rs. Notaulus: percurrent. Color of mesosoma: variably orange to brown. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: densely punctate throughout. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: densely punctate. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: finely punctate. Sculpture of femoral groove: striate below mesopleural pit. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: orange to brown. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly; present as a small bulge. Microsculpture of T2: present. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: reticulate rugose. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: reticulate rugose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: rugulose. Punctation of T4: dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: absent. Punctation of T5: dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: absent; weakly longitudinally strigose.Paridris nephta is best distinguished by the uniform striation of the frons below the median ocellus, absence of microsculpture on the head and the smooth interspaces of the mesoscutellum. Color patterns are highly variable in this species and should be avoided entirely for identification. 25Other material:  JAPAN: 73 females, 71 males, OSUC 181186\u2013181189, 181191\u2013181196, 181203\u2013181209, 181213\u2013181214, 181216\u2013181218, 181221, 262145\u2013262186, 262194\u2013262199, 262225\u2013262233, 262240\u2013262247, 265063\u2013265068, 265070\u2013265071, 265073\u2013265085,PageBreak 265087\u2013265089, 265093\u2013265099, 265122\u2013265132, 265134, 265139\u2013265145, 265150\u2013265152, 265155, 265195\u2013265196 (CNCI). RUSSIA: 3 females, 3 males, OSUC 143437, 241513, 241655\u2013241657, 404916 (OSUC). SOUTH KOREA: 53 females, 21 males, OSUC 181190, 181197, 181210, 181215, 181222\u2013181225, 262187\u2013262192, 262210\u2013262219, 262221\u2013262224, 262234, 262248\u2013262258, 262260\u2013262262, 265069, 265100\u2013265121, 265136\u2013265138, 265146\u2013265149, 265197 (CNCI). Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC0F912C-9AA2-4401-9251-4906A7B2BD1Aurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:273890http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_nilakaFemale body length: 2.60\u20134.00 mm (n=7). Color of head: black throughout. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose throughout; rugose. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: punctate rugulose. Sculpture of gena: punctate rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: less than r-rs. Notaulus: percurrent. Color of mesosoma: dark brown to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: densely punctate, with longitudinal rugae in posterior half; areolate rugulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugulose throughout. Dark bristle-like setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: finely punctate. Sculpture of femoral groove: smooth; striate in ventral end. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present along anterior half of femoral groove. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: dense. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: dark brown to black throughout. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly; absent. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: weakly longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: reticulate rugose; longitudinally strigose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: rugulose. Punctation of T4: sparse along midline, otherwise dense; dense throughout; moderately dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: absent; rugulose laterally. Punctation of T5: dense throughout; sparse medially, dense laterally. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: absent.Paridris nilaka is shared with Paridris rugulosus and Paridris toketoki; it may be separated from both by the dense, fine setation of the pronotal shoulder. Additionally, the typically black color of the body may be useful for identification, but should be used with caution given the color plasticity seen in many species. The rugulose sculpture of the dorsal mesoscutum and mesoscutellum in  The epithet \u201cnilaka\u201d means \u201cblack\u201d in Thai, and is used as a noun in apposition.27 PageBreakTHAILAND: Chiang Mai Prov., checkpoint 2, T1909, Doi Inthanon National Park, 18\u00b031.554'N, 98\u00b029.940'E , 1700m, 14.XI\u201315.XI.2006, pan trap, Y. Areeluck, OSUC 266165 (deposited in QSBG). Paratypes: THAILAND: 6 females, OSUC 334247 (CNCI); OSUC 254613, 381811 (OSUC); OSUC 334223, 334295, 396843 (QSBG). Holotype, female: Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:519CC4FD-EC66-48EA-9652-ECB6FDF14FC9urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:273878http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_reptilis Female body length: 2.35\u20132.40 mm (n=2). Color of head: reddish brown. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: mostly smooth with faint dorsoventral striation. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose laterally. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: irregularly rugulose. Sculpture of gena: irregularly rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: brachypterous, apex of forewing ending before T4. Notaulus: percurrent. Color of mesosoma: variably yellow to brown. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: areolate rugulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: areolate rugulose. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: rugulose posteriorly. Sculpture of femoral groove: striate in ventral end. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: reddish brown. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly; absent. Microsculpture of T2: present. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: longitudinally strigose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: rugulose. Punctation of T4: sparse along midline, otherwise dense. Macrosculpture of T5: absent. Punctation of T5: moderately dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: absent.Paridris reptilis and Paridris ferus are the only known brachypterous species in the Paridris nephta group. Paridris ferus has a basiconic sensillum on A7 and lacks interstitial microsculpture on T2. Paridris reptilis does not have a sensillum on A7 and T2 is densely microsculptured.  The adjectival epithet \u201creptilis\u201d, meaning \u201ccrawling\u201d in Latin, refers to the reduced wing size in this species.29TAIWAN: Taiwan Prov., Pingtung Co., Kuai-Ku Hut, T-103, Pei-ta-wu (Peitawushan) Mountain, 2125m, 26.IV\u201330.IV.1992, A. Smetana, OSUC 181211 (deposited in CNCI). Paratype: TAIWAN: 1 female, OSUC 265153 (CNCI).PageBreakPageBreak Holotype, female: Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B3B767C-6BC7-40D8-B531-9DD8ED1B57EFurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:273914http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_rugulosus Female body length: 2.48\u20132.56 mm (n=2). Color of head: yellow, becoming darker dorsally; black throughout. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose laterally; dorsoventrally strigose throughout. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: irregularly rugulose; punctate rugulose. Sculpture of gena: irregularly rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: equal to r-rs. Notaulus: percurrent. Color of mesosoma: variably yellow to brown. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: areolate rugulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugulose throughout; areolate rugulose. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: present. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: smooth. Sculpture of femoral groove: smooth; striate in ventral end. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: absent. Mesopleural carina: present. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: reddish brown. Horn of T1: absent. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: weakly longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: longitudinally strigose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: weakly rugulose. Punctation of T4: moderately dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: absent. Punctation of T5: moderately dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: absent.Paridris rugulosus is most similar to Paridris toketoki and may be separated by the smooth surface of the lateral pronotum.  The Latin adjectival epithet \u201crugulosus\u201d refers to the rugulose sculpture of the head and dorsal mesosoma in this species.31VIETNAM: Vinh Phuc Prov., Tam Dao, 1050\u20131175m, 14.VI\u201317.VI.2007, malaise trap, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, OSUC 265238 (deposited in RMNH). Paratype: LAOS: 1 female, OSUC 262200 (CNCI). Holotype, female: Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B2878DA2-1E8F-4B6E-96C4-86B571C11F04urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:241280http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_solaris Female body length: 1.96\u20133.43 mm (n=19). Color of head: reddish brown; orange throughout; dark brown to black; yellow. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose throughout; rugose. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: finely punctate; moderately punctate; punctate rugulose. Sculpture of gena: punctate rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: equal to r-rs; longer than r-rs. Notaulus: percurrent. Color of mesosoma: variably orange to brown; yellow throughout; orange throughout. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: densely punctate, with longitudinal rugae in posterior half; densely punctate throughout. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth medially, moderately punctate laterally; densely punctate. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: finely punctate. Sculpture of femoral groove: smooth; striate in ventral end. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: dense; moderately dense; sparse. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: yellow; orange to brown. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly; absent. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: longitudinally strigose; weakly longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: longitudinally strigose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: absent. Punctation of T4: dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: absent. Punctation of T5: dense throughout; moderately dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: weakly longitudinally strigose.Paridris solaris is most similar to Paridris minator. It may be separated from it by the absence of a basiconic sensillum on A7.  The adjectival epithet \u201csolaris\u201d means \u201cof the sun\u201d in Latin and references the bright yellow-orange color present in many individuals of this species.33VIETNAM: Thua Thien-Hue Prov., ~1.5km NE along trail behind upper guesthouse, light gap / semi-tropical evergreen forest, ROM 2000512, Bach Ma National Park, 16\u00b011'50.3\"N, 107\u00b051'17.7\"E, 1200m, 6.VI\u201317.VI.2000, malaise trap/pan trap, B. Hubley, OSUC 240944 (deposited in ROME). Paratypes:  LAOS: 3 females, OSUC 334242\u2013334243PageBreak, 334248 (CNCI). THAILAND: 5 females, OSUC 334144, 396849 (OSUC); OSUC 237532, 265212, 334207 (QSBG). VIETNAM: 13 females, OSUC 240940 (IEBR); OSUC 240945, 404917\u2013404918 (OSUC); OSUC 265234\u2013265236, 277369, 281520 (RMNH); OSUC 240946, 240948, 266180, 404919 (ROME). Holotype, female: Paridris solaris varies significantly according to geographical location. Those from Vietnam are typically yellow throughout . Color of head: yellow. Ventral clypeal margin: smooth. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose throughout. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: punctate rugulose. Sculpture of gena: punctate rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: equal to r-rs. Notaulus: percurrent. Color of mesosoma: yellow throughout. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: densely punctate, with longitudinal rugae in posterior half. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth along midline, otherwise punctate rugulose. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: finely punctate. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: yellow. Horn of T1: absent. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: absent. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: weakly rugulose. Punctation of T4: dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: rugulose laterally. Punctation of T5: moderately dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: weakly longitudinally strigose.Paridris teres may be easily identified by the smooth ventral margin of the clypeus.  The epithet \u201cteres\u201d, meaning smooth in Latin, refers to the smooth margin of the clypeus and is used as a noun in apposition.35VIETNAM: Vinh Phuc Prov., Tam Dao, 1050\u20131175m, 14.VI\u201317.VI.2007, malaise trap, C. v. Achterberg & R. de Vries, OSUC 265237 (deposited in RMNH).Holotype, female: PageBreakPageBreakThe sole specimen of this species was damaged during examination after it was imaged. The head, propleuron and forelegs are now mounted on the point separate from the remainder of the body; A7\u201312 of the right antenna are lost.Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:628BBEF3-C3BA-4EE4-A905-3334CBD8ED7Furn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:273915http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_toketoki Female body length: 2.54 mm (n=1). Color of head: dark orange, becoming brown at vertex. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose laterally. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: punctate rugulose. Sculpture of gena: punctate rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: less than r-rs. Notaulus: smooth furrow incomplete, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as row of punctures. Color of mesosoma: variably orange to brown. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: densely punctate throughout. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugulose throughout. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: present. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: finely punctate. Sculpture of femoral groove: smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present along anterior half of femoral groove. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: orange to brown. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: uncertain, absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: weakly longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: longitudinally rugulose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: rugulose. Punctation of T4: dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: rugulose laterally. Punctation of T5: sparse medially, dense laterally. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: weakly longitudinally strigose.Paridris toketoki is most similar to Paridris rugulosus. It differs most conspicuously in having the lateral face of the pronotum densely punctate along its dorsal margin.  This species is named for the great Paiwan chief, Toketok.37TAIWAN: Taiwan Prov., Nantou Co., Jih-y\u00fceh (Sun Moon) Lake, H025, Te-hua-she (Tehuache), 800m, 5.VI.1980, J. Heraty, OSUC 181200 (deposited in CNCI).Holotype, female: Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CCEB3258-CADF-4F0F-B2E2-983F94AF5372urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:275741http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_verrucosus Female body length: 1.97 mm (n=1). Color of head: dark brown to black. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: dorsoventrally strigose throughout. Microsculpture of frons: uncertain, absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: irregularly rugulose. Sculpture of gena: irregularly rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: equal to r-rs. Notaulus: absent. Color of mesosoma: variably orange to brown. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: areolate rugulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: areolate rugulose. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: present. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: rugulose posteriorly. Sculpture of femoral groove: striate below mesopleural pit. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: rugulose. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: absent. Mesopleural carina: present. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: reddish brown. Horn of T1: absent. Microsculpture of T2: present. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: reticulate. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: longitudinally rugulose. Microsculpture of T4: present. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: rugulose. Punctation of T4: moderately dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: rugulose laterally. Punctation of T5: moderately dense laterally and along anterior margin. Microsculpture of S3: present. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: longitudinally strigose.Paridris verrucosus is the only species in the Paridris nephta group with microsculpture on S3.  The adjectival epithet \u201cverrucosus\u201d means \u201cfull of warts\u201d in Latin; it is given to this species for the dense microsculpture of the metasoma.39CHINA: Guangdong Prov., creek, Nankunshan, 23\u00b037.287'N, 113\u00b051.267'S , 581m, 29.X\u201331.X.2009, yellow pan trap, L. Masner, OSUC 334249 (deposited in CNCI).PageBreakPageBreakHolotype, female: Talamas sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:37D0E197-226E-4EB5-B367-76F0C5D46276urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:241283http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_yak Female body length: 4.15\u20134.16 mm (n=3). Color of head: dark orange, becoming brown at vertex. Ventral clypeal margin: serrate. Sculpture of frons medially: smooth. Sculpture of frons immediately ventral of median ocellus: rugose. Microsculpture of frons: absent. Sculpture of posterior vertex: areolate rugulose. Sculpture of gena: punctate rugulose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex of forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Length of R1: equal to r-rs; less than r-rs. Notaulus: absent; indicated only at posterior margin of mesoscutum. Color of mesosoma: orange to dark red anteriorly, brown posteriorly, mesoscutellum black; variably red to black. Sculpture of mesoscutum medially: areolate rugulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: areolate rugulose. Dark bristlelike setae along transverse pronotal carina: absent. Sculpture ventral of transverse pronotal carina: finely punctate. Sculpture of femoral groove: smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Fine setigerous punctures on dorsal half of posterior mesepimeral area: present. Mesopleural carina: present. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent in area immediately below metapleural sulcus. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Color of legs: yellow throughout.Color of metasoma: orange to black. Horn of T1: bulge smooth, at least anteriorly. Microsculpture of T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially: longitudinally strigose; weakly longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally: longitudinally strigose. Microsculpture of T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally: rugulose. Punctation of T4: dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5: rugulose laterally. Punctation of T5: dense throughout. Microsculpture of S3: absent. Macrosculpture of S3 laterally: absent.Paridris yak is a large distinctive species best identified by its reduced or absent notaulus, dorsally rugose frons and dorsally pointed axillular carina.  The word \u201cyak\u201d is Thai for a mythological ogre. It is treated as a noun in apposition.41THAILAND: Trang Prov., forest research center, Khao Chong Mountain, 07\u00b033.2'N, 99\u00b047.22'E , 75m, XI\u20132005, malaise trap, D. Lohman, OSUC 237530 (deposited in QSBG). Paratypes: THAILAND: 3 females, OSUC 396848 (OSUC); OSUC 266085, 334214 (QSBG). Holotype, female:"}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Bill S. Hansson. The correct Citation is: Koch SI, Groh K, Vogel H, Hansson BS, Kleineidam CJ, et al. (2013) Caste-Specific Expression Patterns of Immune Response and Chemosensory Related Genes in the Leaf-Cutting Ant, Atta vollenweideri. PLoS ONE 8(11): e81518. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081518."}
{"text": "AbstractPageBreakOxyscelio (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s.l.) are revised. A total of 80 species are recognized as valid, 13 of which are redescribed: O. atricoxa (Dodd), O. concoloripes (Dodd), O. flavipes (Kieffer), O. grandis (Dodd), O. hyalinipennis (Dodd), O. magniclava (Dodd), O. mirellus (Dodd), O. montanus (Dodd), O. nigriclava (Dodd), O. nigricoxa (Dodd), O. rugulosus (Dodd), O. shakespearei (Girault), and O. solitarius (Dodd). Oxyscelio glabriscutellum (Dodd) syn. n. is placed as a subjective junior synonym of O. rugulosus. Sixty-seven new species are described, many representing new distributional records for the genus - O. aciculae Burks, sp. n., O. anfractus Burks, sp. n., O. bellariorum Burks, sp. n., O. bicoloripedis Burks, sp. n., O. brevitas Burks, sp. n., O. catenae Burks, sp. n., O. caudarum Burks, sp. n., O. circulorum Burks, sp. n., O. clivi Burks, sp. n., O. clupei Burks, sp. n., O. conjuncti Burks, sp. n., O. contusionis Burks, sp. n., O. corrugationis Burks, sp. n., O. croci Burks, sp. n., O. cuspidis Burks, sp. n., O. densitatis Burks, sp. n., O. dissimulationis Burks, sp. n., O. divisionis Burks, sp. n., O. exiguitatis Burks, sp. n., O. fluctuum Burks, sp. n., O. foliorum Burks, sp. n., O. funis Burks, sp. n., O. gressus Burks, sp. n., O. hamorum Burks, sp. n., O. incisurae Burks, sp. n., O. lenitatis Burks, sp. n., O. leviventris Burks, sp. n., O. limbi Burks, sp. n., O. liminis Burks, sp. n., O. linguae Burks, sp. n., O. lintris Burks, sp. n., O. livens Burks, sp. n., O. mystacis Burks, sp. n., O. nasi Burks, sp. n., O. nitoris Burks, sp. n., O. obliquiatis Burks, sp. n., O. oblongiclypei Burks, sp. n., O. obturationis Burks, sp. n., O. oculi Burks, sp. n., O. palati Burks, sp. n., O. pectinis Burks, sp. n., O. pollicis Burks, sp. n., O. proceritatis Burks, sp. n., O. productionis Burks, sp. n., O. radii Burks, sp. n., O. rami Burks, sp. n., O. rupturae Burks, sp. n., O. sarcinae Burks, sp. n., O. scismatis Burks, sp. n., O. sciuri Burks, sp. n., O. scutorum Burks, sp. n., O. sepisessor Burks, sp. n., O. sinuationis Burks, sp. n., O. sordes Burks, sp. n., O. spatula Burks, sp. n., O. stipulae Burks, sp. n., O. stringerae Burks, sp. n., O. tenuitatis Burks, sp. n., O. truncationis Burks, sp. n., O. tubi Burks, sp. n., O. umbonis Burks, sp. n., O. uncinorum Burks, sp. n., O. valdecatenae Burks, sp. n., O. velamenti Burks, sp. n., O. verrucae Burks, sp. n., O. viator Burks, sp. n., and O. wa Burks, sp. n. The fauna is divided into nine diagnostic species groups, with five species unplaced to group.The Australasian and southwest Pacific species of  Oxyscelio Kiefer is comprised of relatively robust platygastroid wasps that occur across equatorial and east Africa, Madagascar, the southeastern part of the Palaearctic, and the Indo-Malayan, Australasian and southwest Pacific regions. They are relatively easily identified by the fore wing submarginal vein being distant from wing margin, the marginal vein being very short, a postmarginal vein being virtually absent, and the metascutellum being plate-like. In addition, many species can be recognised by the presence of a frontal depression on the head.The genus Oxyscelio, the southeastern Palaearctic and Indo-Malayan species having been completed recently , which aims to revise all species on a worldwide basis for a number of important platygastroid genera.Previously, 14 species were described from the region, all from the Australian mainland and all prior to 1930. The contributions of the individual authors are as follows; R.A. Burks: character definition, species concept development; key development, imaging, capture of specimen data, manuscript preparation, phylogenetic analysis and illustration; L. Masner: specimen acquisition, and generic overview; N.F. Johnson: generic concept development and manuscript preparation; A.D. Austin: project planning, species concept discussions, manuscript preparation, and taxonomic overview.The American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA (AEIC)Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia (AMSA)Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia (ANIC)New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit, Orange, Australia (ASCU)The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (BMNH)Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada (CNCI)Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, IL Illinois, USA (INHS)Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium (ISNB)Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (MCZC)Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN)PageBreakMuseum of Victoria, Entomology, Melbourne, Australia (MVMA)National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA (NMNH)C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA (OSUC)Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Insect Collection, Indooroopilly, Australia (QDPC)Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia (QMBA)Queensland Primary Industries Insect Collection, Mareeba, Australia (QPIM)Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium (RMCA)South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia (SAMA)South African National Collection of Insects, Pretoria, South Africa (SANC)Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries and Water, Hobart, Australia (TDAH)University of California, Riverside, California, USA (UCRC)University of Queensland Insect Collection, Brisbane, Australia (UQIC)National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA (USNM)Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia (WAMP)Waite Insect and Nematode Collection, Adelaide, Australia (WINC)Specimens examined were provided by the following collections: Platygastroidea Planetary Biodiversity Inventory, funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation . An objective of this project is to use biodiversity informatics resources to accelerate taxonomic work, making real-time collaboration possible. Data associated with specimens examined in this study can be accessed at hol.osu.edu by entering the unique specimen identifier (e.g. OSUC 359541) in the search form. Life science identifiers (LSIDs) can be resolved at http://zoobank.org (i.e. http://zoobank.org/99E3E72E-DA88-4740-9ECB-2D03BCD1DACE).This revision is a product of the Oxyscelio. \u201cMesoscutal midlobe\u201d refers to the area of the dorsal surface of the mesoscutum that is between notauli; in rare cases where notauli are not indicated, this is determined ultimately through comparison with other species. \u201cT1 midlobe\u201d refers to the raised antero-medial area of T1 that is flanked by depressed lateral areas. This is usually flat and only weakly elevated in Oxyscelio, and therefore is not strictly the same as a T1 horn, but a T1 midlobe can be expressed as a T1 horn. \u201cMetasomal flange\u201d refers to the \u201cfins\u201d or \u201cfin-like structures\u201d discussed by Morphological terminology follows Oxyscelio, and is not intended to be appropriate across all other taxa. This is in part because the causes and true extent of variation of surface-sculpture variation are as a general rule not well known \u2013 the causes of variation may differ in other taxa, and the ways of variation may differ in other taxa.Surface sculpture terminology follows PageBreakDiminutive variant terms (such as \u201cfoveolate\u201d or \u201crugulose\u201d) were avoided because of a lack of criteria for separating them from non-diminutive alternatives. \u201cMajor\u201d surface sculpture refers to repeated sculptural patterns that interact with seta placement. It does not include non-repeated elements or those which are repeated only once due to bilateral symmetry. \u201cUmbilicate-foveate\u201d sculpture refers to rounded crater-like sculptural elements, each surrounding a setiferous punctum (and thus interacting with a seta), with each fovea being much larger than its setiferous punctum and spatially separated from it : UF. Umb\u201cMicrosculpture\u201d refers to repeated sculptural elements that do not interact with seta placement. Microsculpture can occur on \u201cmajor\u201d sculptural elements, such as on rugae and on all surfaces of foveae. Punctate microsculpture refers to tiny round pits that do not bear setae : PM. GraOxyscelio this is not clearly reticulate because only very sparsely distributed umbilicate foveae may be present, with very broad interspaces\u2014and variation from a pattern that appears reticulate to a much more sparse pattern can occur within species. For that reason, we have avoided using the term \u201creticulate\u201d for Oxyscelio even though it is valid in many other taxa. Others could dispute this assertion, but we maintain that this would reflect only differences in subjective perspectives.One of the difficulties in defining surface sculpture using hierarchies and genus-differentia formats is that there is more than one valid way of classifying surface sculpture into Aristotelian genera. We maintain that the art of creating genus-differentia definitions, although ancient, is not yet at a methodologically mature state. Another problem is that variation can render some commonly-used sculptural classifications problematic. Finally, surface sculpture has typically been named and defined using only vague shape or pattern-based comparisons to other, better known entities (such as reticulate = net-like), and not through more purely logical means. Umbilicate-foveate sculpture could be called \u201creticulate,\u201d for instance, because of a net-like pattern of foveae. However, in some Australian PageBreakPageBreakOxyscelio. For raised sculptural elements, some might claim that all raised sculpture is the same unless it can be related to an internal structure, but we maintain that actual word synonymy implies that the words are truly interchangeable. For instance, \u201ccarina\u201d and \u201cruga\u201d are synonymous only if every instance of \u201ccarina\u201d could also be referred to as \u201cruga,\u201d and vice versa. We maintain that this is not true for carina versus ruga, and therefore we consider those terms distinct. The term \u201cstria\u201d has historically been used for repeating linear elements that form a localized pattern in certain cases, and we uphold previous usage here. For certain \u201ccarinae\u201d that are named as particular structures, their shape can be irregular but we have followed established usage for naming those structures. We maintain that terms such as \u201coccipital carina\u201d are two-word terms that refer consistently to a homologous structure regardless of that structure\u2019s actual shape, for that reason. For the sculptural terms used here, we recommend the following definitions:We assert that the word \u201cpit\u201d is a word but not a specialized term, having terminological importance only as part of a two-word term that includes a specialized term as a qualifier, as in \u201ctentorial pit.\u201d For that reason, we have changed from using \u201cpit\u201d to using \u201cpunctum\u201d (the Latin word for \u201cpuncture\u201d) here. We make no distinction between types of puncti other than to describe them as setiferous or not, but other criteria for classifying puncti probably exist for carina: The process that is linear and is regular.fovea: The depression that is ovate and is shallow relative to its diameters.granulate: The sculptural pattern that is a network of branched impressions.interspace: The area that is between sculptural elements.major sculpture: The sculptural pattern that is associated with seta placement.microsculpture: The sculptural pattern that is not associated with seta placement.punctate microsculpture: The sculptural pattern that is comprised of puncta.punctum: The depression that is ovate and is deep relative to its diameters.ruga: The process that is linear and is irregular.sculptural element: The anatomical structure that is one unit in a sculptural pattern.sculptural pattern: The pattern that is formed by repeated adjacent surface sculpture.setiferous fovea: The fovea that surrounds a seta.setiferous punctum: The punctum that surrounds a seta.sculptural septum: The septum that separates sculptural elements.surface sculpture: The anatomical structure that is texture.umbilicate-foveate: The sculptural pattern that consists of setiferous foveae.umbilicate-punctate: The sculptural pattern that consists of only setiferous puncta.Illustration and data citations. Photographs were taken using one of the following systems: 1) Visionary Digital BK+ Imaging System, November 2010 model, with either a K2 Long Distance Microscope or a 65 mm varifocal lens; 2) Synoptics, Ltd. system using a Leica Z16 APO microscope and a JVC KY-F75U 3-CCD camera; 3) GT EntoVision Mobile Imaging System, or 4) for microscope slides, a Leica Integrated System using a Leica 205c microscope with a DFC500 camera and 5000HDI illuminator. Source photos were stacked using Zerene Stacker version 1.04, Auto-Montage Pro version 5.01.0005, or Leica Application Suite, and enhanced using Adobe Photoshop CS5 or CS6.Kiefferhttp://zoobank.org/99E3E72E-DA88-4740-9ECB-2D03BCD1DACEurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:529http://species-id.net/wiki/OxyscelioOxyscelioOxyscelio foveatus Kieffer, by monotypy. Kieffer, 1907: 310. Original description. Type: Oxyscelio See Body length: 2.6\u20137.1 mm.PageBreakHead shape in dorsal view: weakly transverse, width approximately 1.5x greatest length; subquadrate. Hyperoccipital carina: absent; present. Occipital carina: present, complete medially; present, broadly interrupted medially. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Ocular ocellar line (OOL): OOL < 0.5 ocellar diameter (OD). Dorsal area of frons: convex, without frontal shelf. Antennal scrobe shape: present, unmargined; scrobe margined by carina. Frons sculpture: umbilicate-punctate, with transverse carinae within scrobe; scrobe largely smooth, otherwise with transverse carinae. Submedian carina: absent. Orbital carina: absent. Inner orbits: diverging ventrally. Interocular space(IOS)/Eye height (EH): IOS distinctly less than EH. Interantennal process: triangular in lateral view. Central keel: absent. Antennal foramen opening: oriented laterally on interantennal process. Facial striae: present. Malar sulcus: present. Compound eye size: not significantly reduced. Compound eye setation: absent. Gena: weakly convex, receding behind posterior orbit; convex, distinctly produced behind eye. Clypeus shape: narrow, slightly convex medially, lateral corner not produced. Apical margin of clypeus: with small median point. Labrum: not visible. Mandibular teeth: apex with 2, acute, subequal teeth. Arrangement of mandibular teeth: transverse. Number of maxillary palpomeres: 4. Shape of maxillary palpomeres: cylindrical. Number of labial palpomeres: 2. Number of antennomeres in female: 12.Number of antennomeres in male: 12. Insertion of radicle into A1: parallel to longitudinal axis of A1. Shape of A1: more or less cylindrical, not flattened. Length of A3 of female: subequal to length of A2; distinctly longer than A2. Number of clavomeres in female antenna: 7; 0. Claval formula of female antenna: A12-A7/1-2-2-2-2-1; A12-A6/1-2-2-2-2-2-2. Arrangement of doubled multiporous plate sensilla on female clava: in longitudinal pairs. Tyloid distribution on male antenna: A5 only. Shape of male flagellum: filiform.PageBreakdeum. Lateral propodeal projection: well-developed, extending clearly beyond anterior margin of T1. Mesopleural carina: present across sclerite; absent or strongly abbreviated, present only near mid coxa. Mesal course of acetabular carina: projecting as small spur anteriorly, not long enough to intercede between fore coxae. Mesopleural pit: absent. Sternaulus: absent. Posterodorsal corner of mesopleuron: rounded anteriorly.Mesosoma shape in dorsal view: longer than wide. Mesosoma shape in lateral view: longer than high. Medial portion of transverse pronotal carina: weakly indicated laterally; absent. Posterior apex of pronotum in dorsal view: straight, bifid apically to articulate with tegula. Vertical epomial carina: present. Dorsal epomial carina  R/R1 attains costal margin. Structure of basal vein (Rs+M) in fore wing: spectral. Structure of R in hind wing: elongate, extending to costal margin; abbreviated, not attaining costal margin.Scelio-type . While it is not convenient to lump distinctive species such as Oxyscelio mirellus with very generalized species such as Oxyscelio atricoxa, the fine gradient of variation between presence and absence of Metasomal flanges prevents any logical dividing line between these sets of species. No intuitive group containing Oxyscelio atricoxa is monophyletic in our analysis . Occipital carina absent medially, but without strong lateral corners. Metascutellum concave dorsally, with broad apical fovea. Postmarginal vein present, well-developed. T1 lateral carina not expanded (exception: some Oxyscelio obliquiatis). Metasomal flanges absent. Main body of T6 in females not separated from apical rim. T7 in males truncate or weakly emarginate, without projections.Comments: The flavipes-group is a major group that is limited to Australia and the Pacific Islands. In having a strong hyperoccipital carina, it resembles the Asian cuculli-group, but differs from it in having an incomplete occipital carina in which the lateral branches closely approach the hyperoccipital carina dorsally. These two groups otherwise resemble each other in having a relatively fusiform metasoma. Some species in this group, especially Oxyscelio tubi, resemble some in the aciculae-group, but are placed here because of metascutellar features.Included species: Oxyscelio bicoloripedis, Oxyscelio circulorum, Oxyscelio croci, Oxyscelio flavipes, Oxyscelio fluctuum, Oxyscelio obliquiatis, Oxyscelio oblongiclypei, Oxyscelio oculi, Oxyscelio rugulosus, Oxyscelio sepisessor, Oxyscelio tubi, Oxyscelio viator.Characteristics:Hyperoccipital carina absent or represented by weak rugae. Occipital carina incomplete medially, with strong lateral corners. Metascutellum nearly flat. Postmarginal vein present. T1 lateral carina not expanded. Metasomal flanges absent. T2 with sublateral depressions, set off by carinae medially. Main body of T6 in females not separated from apical rim. T7 in males weakly emarginate apically.Comments: The mostly Asian fossarum-group has one known Australian species. This group is very different from most other Australian Oxyscelio, only resembling some members of the aciculae-group and proceritatis-group.Included species: Oxyscelio solitarius.Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina absent or represented by weak rugae. Occipital carina incomplete medially, with strong lateral corners. Lower face, between antennal insertion and eye, with oblique flange-like expansion. Metascutellum nearly flat. Postmarginal vein present. T1 lateral carina not expanded. Metasomal flanges absent. Main body of T6 in females not separated from apical rim.PageBreakComments: Most known species of the foveatus-group occur in Asia. This group may not be monophyletic, being united mainly by the presence of the oblique facial flange and a long body, but splitting it would result in many small species groups that would ultimately be no better supported. The Philippine species Oxyscelio cupularis (Kieffer) is very similar to the three species discussed here.Included species: Oxyscelio anfractus, Oxyscelio linguae, Oxyscelio mystacis.Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina indicated by weak rugae. Occipital carina absent medially. Gena posteroventrally smooth and glossy. Lower face without oblique flange between antennal insertion and eye. Metascutellum very broad, rugose. Postmarginal vein present. T1 lateral carina not expanded. T2 without sublateral depressions. Metasomal flanges absent. Main body of T6 in females not separated from apical rim. T7 in males weakly emarginate apically.Comments: These two species resemble the Asian latitudinis-group in having a broad, rugose metascutellum and a long body. They differ in having a weakly sculptured head, including the posteroventrally smooth gena. They are kept separate from the latitudinis-group because of these differences.Included species: Oxyscelio corrugationis, Oxyscelio proceritatis.Included species: Oxyscelio dissimulationis, Oxyscelio grandis, Oxyscelio nasi, Oxyscelio shakespearei, Oxyscelio spatulae.Comments: Oxyscelio dissimulationis and Oxyscelio shakespearei possess features of both the atricoxa-group and flavipes-group, and are therefore problematic. Oxyscelio nasi is somewhat similar to the flavipes-group, but lacks all distinctive features of that group. Oxyscelio spatulae is similar to some species of the foveatus-group, but lacks oblique facial flanges.The holotype of Oxyscelio grandis is incomplete, and does not provide enough information to place it into a species group.Burkssp. n.http://zoobank.org/95680207-9162-40EB-8054-39AEF9294D81urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:307063http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_aciculaeFemale. Body length 3.1\u20134.15 mm (n=20).Radicle color and shade: darker than scape. Pedicel color: same as scape. A3: shorter than pedicel. A4: broader than long. A5: broader than long.PageBreakVentral clypeal margin: with slightly convex median lobe. Interantennal process: not elongate. Lower frons at dorsal margin of interantennal process: without transverse carina. Transverse curved rugae extending from frontal depression to eye: absent. Median longitudinal carina in frontal depression: absent. Ventral portion of frontal depression: with medially interrupted transverse carinae. Dorsal portion of frontal depression: without transverse carinae. Submedian carina: present. Frontal depression dorsally: not hood-like, open dorsally. Upper frons major sculpture: umbilicate foveate; transversely rugose. Upper frons microsculpture: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: indicated by a set of irregular elevations. Carina connecting occipital carina to hyperoccipital carina: present. Occipital carina: present laterally, absent medially. Occiput sculpture: irregularly sculptured. Extra carina ventral to occipital carina: absent. Gena length: shorter than eye. Major sculpture of gena anteroventrally: umbilicate foveate; rugose; umbilicate punctate. Major sculpture of gena posteroventrally: rugose; umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: absent.Lateral pronotal area sculpture: irregularly sculptured. Posterior border of central pronotal area: directed posteriorly, epomial carina absent or meeting transverse pronotal carina at arch on lateral surface of pronotum. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep, forming less than a right angle. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Mesoscutal midlobe sculpture at midlength: not different from nearby sculpture. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate; longitudinally rugose. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Median mesoscutal carina: present as a ruga. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate; umbilicate punctate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate; umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Mesoscutellar rim: not expanded. Mesoscutellar rim medially: without notch. Mesofemoral depression: longitudinally striate dorsally, smooth ventrally. Metascutellum shape: not emarginate, concave but elevated posteriorly. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: with large smooth posterior fovea. Postmarginal vein: present. Fore wing apex at rest: reaching middle of T5; reaching near apex of T5; reaching middle of T6. Coxae color brightness: same color as femora. Spines along tibiae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae: broadly separated, not parallel anteriorly. Setae in metasomal depression: absent. Anterior sculpture of metasomal depression: absent. Median propodeal carina: absent.PageBreaksetal pits spanning interspaces. S5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 median carina: absent. S6 peripheral carina: absent. S6 apex in relation to T6: not exposed to dorsal view. S6 apex: rounded or acuminate.T1 horn: present. Number of longitudinal carinae of T1 midlobe: obscured by other raised sculpture. T1 lateral carina: straight. T2 sculpture: densely foveolate, longitudinal sculpture irregular. T2 sublateral longitudinal foveae: absent. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 sculpture: densely foveate, longitudinal sculpture irregular. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 sculpture: densely foveate, longitudinal sculpture irregular. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6: longer than broad; broader than long. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of T6: absent. T6 medially: flat and tapering to a rounded apex, not separated from apical rim. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 raised peripheral rim: absent. S4 sculpture: longitudinally striate or rugose, PageBreakMale. Body length 2.95\u20133.6 mm (n=20). A3: longer than pedicel. A5 tyloid shape: narrow, linear. A6: broader than long. A11: longer than broad. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate; longitudinally rugose. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Fore wing apex at rest: reaching middle of T5. T1 midlobe longitudinal carinae: 5. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T7: truncate.Oxyscelio aciculae is very similar to Oxyscelio radii, but has a shorter metasoma in males and females, with T6 broader than long in females. The metasoma in males of Oxyscelio radii is also very narrow compared with that of Oxyscelio aciculae.Both sexes: Frontal depression flat, with oblique interrupted carinae and sometimes with an incomplete longitudinal carina; submedian carina weak. Hyperoccipital carina indicated by sharp rugae. Occipital carina connected to hyperoccipital carina by a weak longitudinal carina or irregular ruga, laterally with strong corners and medially sinuate; area between occipital and hyperoccipital carinae densely sculptured. Mesoscutellum densely foveolate. Metascutellum flat, rugose. Postmarginal vein present. Coxa not darker than rest of leg. T1 lateral carina not expanded laterally. Metasomal flanges absent. Female: A3 not longer than pedicel. A4 slightly longer than broad, A5 broader than long. T1 with slight horn obscuring longitudinal carinae. Fore wing long enough to reach middle of T6. T6 broader than long. Male: A4 slightly longer than broad, A11 longer than broad. T1 midlobe with 3 longitudinal carinae. Fore wing long enough to exceed metasomal apex. T7 truncate or slightly emarginate apically. Latin noun, genitive case, meaning \u201cneedle.\u201dhttp://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=307063][Eucalyptus L\u2019H\u00e9r.: [Myrtales: Myrtaceae]; collected on ironbark: [Myrtales: Myrtaceae]Collected on 12\u00b040'S, 142\u00b039'E, 22.VI\u201323.VIII.1992, flight intercept trap, P. Zborowski & J. C. Cardale, ANIC DB 32-020142 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 27 females, OSUC 359672-359679, 436940-436942, 436945, 436995, 454000 (ANIC); OSUC 449094-449095 (BMNH); OSUC 462729-462731 (CNCI); OSUC 359681, QM Reg. No. T35149 (QMBA); OSUC 436944, 436996 (QPIM); OSUC 359680 (UQIC); OSUC 436943, 453944-453945 (WINC).Holotype, female: AUSTRALIA: QLD, Batavia Downs, PageBreakBurkssp. n.http://zoobank.org/5625556F-F8EB-4AF3-B09D-7FF7C20CC298urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:307071http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_corrugationisFemale. Body length 4.3\u20134.85 mm (n=7).Radicle color and shade: darker than scape. Pedicel color: at least partially darker than scape. A3: longer than pedicel. A4: longer than broad. A5: longer than broad.Ventral clypeal margin: concave. Interantennal process: not elongate. Lower frons at dorsal margin of interantennal process: without transverse carina. Transverse curved rugae extending from frontal depression to eye: absent. Median longitudinal carina in frontal depression: absent. Ventral portion of frontal depression: smooth. Dorsal portion of frontal depression: without transverse carinae. Submedian carina: present. Frontal depression dorsally: not hood-like, open dorsally. Upper frons major sculpture: umbilicate foveate; transversely rugose. Upper frons microsculpture: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: indicated by a set of irregular elevations. Carina connecting occipital carina to hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina: present laterally, absent medially. Occiput sculpture: irregularly sculptured. Extra carina ventral to occipital carina: absent. Gena length: shorter than eye. Major sculpture of gena anteroventrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of gena posteroventrally: umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: granulate.Lateral pronotal area sculpture: mostly granulate, ventral corner with irregular carinae. Posterior border of central pronotal area: directed posteriorly, epomial carina absent or meeting transverse pronotal carina at arch on lateral surface of pronotum. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep, forming less than a right angle. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Mesoscutal midlobe sculpture at midlength: not different from nearby sculpture. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Median mesoscutal carina: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Mesoscutellar rim: not expanded. Mesoscutellar rim medially: without notch. Mesofemoral depression: longitudinally striate dorsally and ventrally. Metascutellum shape: not emarginate, convex dorsally. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: with many longitudinal rugae. Postmarginal vein: present. Fore wing apex at rest: reaching base of T5. Coxae color brightness: same color as femora. Spines along tibiae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae: broadly separated, not parallel anteriorly. Setae in metasomal depression: absent. Anterior sculpture of metasomal depression: absent. Median propodeal carina: absent.PageBreakor rugae, setiferous puncta present between them. T2 sublateral longitudinal foveae: absent. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6: longer than broad. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate punctate; longitudinally striate. Microsculpture of T6: absent. T6 medially: flat and tapering to a rounded apex, not separated from apical rim. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 raised peripheral rim: absent. S4 sculpture: longitudinally striate or rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 median carina: present. S6 peripheral carina: absent. S6 apex in relation to T6: not exposed to dorsal view. S6 apex: rounded or acuminate.T1 horn: present. Number of longitudinal carinae of T1 midlobe: obscured by other raised sculpture. T1 lateral carina: straight. T2 sculpture: with longitudinal striae Male. unknown.Both sexes: Frontal depression shallow, transverse carinae absent; submedian carina sharp. Hyperoccipital carina indicated by rugae. Occipital carina absent medially, lateral corners not protruding. Postmarginal vein present. Coxa not darker than rest of leg. T1 lateral carina not expanded laterally. Metasomal flanges absent. Female: A4 longer than broad, A5 about as long as broad. Mesoscutellum without granulate sculpture. Metascutellum broad and short, slightly convex, irregularly rugose. Fore wing long enough to reach base of T5. T6 longer than broad.PageBreakLatin noun, genitive case, meaning \u201ccorrugation.\u201dhttp://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=307071][Fabales: Fabaceae]Inhabits brigalow: [Heterodendron oleifolium Desf.: [Sapindales: Sapindaceae]On flower of Holotype, female: AUSTRALIA: SA, nr. Ikara (Wilpena Pound) Valley, Edeowie Homestead, 29.X.1972, H. E. Evans, OSUC 376702 (deposited in MCZC). Paratype: AUSTRALIA: 1 male, OSUC 376701 (MCZC).Burkssp. n.http://zoobank.org/AEA4DB0C-145D-474A-B58D-230D2554A827urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:307080http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_funisFemale. Body length 3.75\u20135.2 mm (n=17).Radicle color and shade: darker than scape. Pedicel color: same as scape. A3: longer than pedicel. A4: longer than broad. A5: as long as broad.Ventral clypeal margin: with slightly convex median lobe. Interantennal process: not elongate. Lower frons at dorsal margin of interantennal process: without transverse carina. Transverse curved rugae extending from frontal depression to eye: absent. Median longitudinal carina in frontal depression: absent. Ventral portion of frontal depression: with medially interrupted transverse carinae. Dorsal portion of frontal depression: with some transverse carinae. Submedian carina: present. Frontal depression dorsally: not hood-like, open dorsally. Upper frons major sculpture: umbilicate foveate; irregularly rugose. Upper frons microsculpture: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Carina connecting occipital carina to hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina: weakly arched dorsally, with rounded lateral corners. Occiput sculpture: irregularly sculptured. Extra carina ventral to occipital carina: present, medially incomplete. Gena length: shorter than eye. Major sculpture of gena anteroventrally: umbilicate foveate; rugose. Major sculpture of gena posteroventrally: umbilicate foveate; rugose. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: absent.PageBreakevation. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent; umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Mesoscutellar rim: not expanded. Mesoscutellar rim medially: without notch; with notch. Mesofemoral depression: longitudinally striate dorsally, smooth ventrally. Metascutellum shape: not emarginate, concave but elevated posteriorly. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: with large smooth posterior fovea. Postmarginal vein: absent. Fore wing apex at rest: not reaching base of T5. Coxae color brightness: darker PageBreakthan femora. Spines along tibiae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae: broadly separated, not parallel anteriorly. Setae in metasomal depression: absent. Anterior sculpture of metasomal depression: absent. Median propodeal carina: absent.Lateral pronotal area sculpture: with shallow irregular carinae, posterodorsal corner with dense microsculpture. Posterior border of central pronotal area: directed anteriorly, protruding at corner of epomial carina and transverse pronotal carina. Mesoscutum anteriorly: very steep and tall, descending at a right angle or protruding anteriorly. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Mesoscutal midlobe sculpture at midlength: with large smooth areas. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate; longitudinally rugose. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Median mesoscutal carina: absent; present as a vague, occasionally interrupted elT1 horn: absent. Number of longitudinal carinae of T1 midlobe: 4. T1 lateral carina: protruding laterally, visible from ventral view. T2 sculpture: with longitudinal striae or rugae, setiferous puncta present between them. T2 sublateral longitudinal foveae: absent. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T4 metasomal flanges: present as slightly protruding sharp corners. T5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T5 metasomal flanges: present, rounded and lobe-like. T6: broader than long. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate punctate; longitudinally striate. Microsculpture of T6: absent. T6 medially: with deep emargination that is V-shaped medially, separated from apical rim. T6 metasomal flanges: present as slightly expanded lateral rims, rounded posteriorly. T6 raised peripheral rim: absent. S4 sculpture: longitudinally striate or rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 median carina: present. S6 peripheral carina: present, posteriorly complete. S6 apex in relation to T6: exposed to dorsal view by T6 emargination. S6 apex: rounded or acuminate.Male. Body length 3.4\u20134.45 mm (n=19). A3: longer than pedicel. A5 tyloid shape: narrow, linear. A6: broader than long. A11: longer than broad. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent; punctate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Fore wing apex at rest: reaching middle of T5. T1 midlobe longitudinal carinae: 5; obscured by other raised sculpture. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 metasomal flanges: present as slightly protruding sharp corners. T6 metasomal flanges: present as sharp corners that do not protrude. T7: M-shaped, with a triangular median emargination.PageBreakOxyscelio funis can be recognized with care using the long antenna of both sexes. The transversely carinate dorsal portion of the frontal depression is distinctive, and the Metasomal flanges are unusually weak.Both sexes: Frontal depression deep, all carinae complete medially, carinae present above dorsal separator; submedian carina weakly defined or absent medially. Hyperoccipital carina absent. Occipital carina complete, medially weakly convex or sinuate. Mesoscutellar rim not expanded, with or without median notch. Metascutellum scoop-like, projecting dorsally. Coxa darker than rest of leg. Postmarginal vein absent. Female: A3 longer than pedicel. A4 longer than broad. A5 as long or longer than broad. T4 with very weak metasomal flanges. T5 with lobe-like metasomal flanges. T6 with expanded lateral margins. T6 deeply emarginate, angularly emarginate medially. S6 exposed to dorsal view, rounded apically. Male: A3, A4, A11 longer than broad. Mesoscutellum and mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly with small and densely set foveae, mesoscutellum without smooth area medially. T5 with weak and indistinct metasomal flanges, T6 with sharp metasomal flanges. T7 with long postero-lateral lobes, deeply emarginate medially, posterior margin M-shaped. Latin noun, genitive case, meaning \u201crope.\u201dhttp://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=307080][Eucalyptus L\u2019H\u00e9r.: [Myrtales: Myrtaceae]; on flower of Heterodendron oleifolium Desf.: [Sapindales: Sapindaceae]; on or near flowers of Myoporum Sol. ex G. Forst.: [Lamiales: Myoporaceae]On blossom of 34\u00b001'S, 139\u00b049'E, 12.XI.1987, I. Naumann & J. Cardale, OSUC 435969 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 16 females, 19 males, OSUC 435961-435965, 435968, 435970-435985, 435987-435994 (ANIC); OSUC 376703, 376706 (MCZC); OSUC 435966-435967, 453991 (WINC).Holotype, female: AUSTRALIA: SA, 12km NE Morgan, (Dodd)http://zoobank.org/9B933FA1-39A4-4FB7-894C-11C823B16548urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5022http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_grandisHoploteleia grandis Dodd, 1913: 176 ; Oxyscelio grandis (Dodd): Female. Unknown.Male. Mesosoma + metasoma length 3.38 mm (n=1).PageBreaklpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Fore wing apex at rest: unknown.Lateral pronotal area sculpture: anteriorly smooth, posterodorsal corner with dense microsculpture, ventral corner with irregular carinae. Posterior border of central pronotal area: directed anteriorly, protruding at corner of epomial carina and transverse pronotal carina. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep, forming less than a right angle. Median mesoscutal carina: absent. Mesoscutellar rim: not expanded. Mesoscutellar rim medially: without notch. Mesofemoral depression: longitudinally striate dorsally, smooth ventrally. Metascutellum shape: slightly emarginate posteriorly, concave but elevated posteriorly. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: with large smooth posterior fovea. Coxae color brightness: same color as femora. Lateral propodeal carinae: broadly separated, not parallel anteriorly. Setae in metasomal depression: absent. Anterior sculpture of metasomal depression: absent. Median propodeal carina: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate; absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. MicroscuT1 midlobe longitudinal carinae: unknown. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T7: with a pair of sharply defined spine-like posterolateral projections.Male: Median carina of mesoscutum absent. Mesoscutellum without granulate sculpture. T1 lateral carina not expanded. T7 with narrow and elongate posterior spines.http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=5022][Eucalyptus stellulata Sieber: [Myrtales: Myrtaceae]Collected on 41\u00b006'S, 147\u00b053'E, 29.I\u201330.I.1983, I. D. Naumann & J. C. Cardale, OSUC 359626 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 4 females, OSUC 359623-359625 (ANIC); OSUC 462591 (CNCI).Holotype, female: AUSTRALIA: TAS, 1km NE Herrick, (Dodd)http://zoobank.org/3546AB5F-12B5-4757-A529-95B8492A1455urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5023http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_hyalinipennisSceliomorpha hyalinipennis Dodd, 1913: 165 ; Dicroteleia hyalinipennis (Dodd): Oxyscelio hyalinipennis (Dodd): Female. Body length 2.6\u20133.85 mm (n=20).Radicle color and shade: same as scape, both yellowish or reddish. Pedicel color: same as scape. A3: shorter than pedicel. A4: broader than long. A5: broader than long.PageBreakdorsally. Occiput sculpture: umbilicate foveate medially, becoming smooth laterally. Extra carina ventral to occipital carina: absent. Gena length: shorter than eye. Major sculpture of gena anteroventrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of gena posteroventrally: umbilicate punctate; absent. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: absent.Ventral clypeal margin: concave. Interantennal process: not elongate. Lower frons at dorsal margin of interantennal process: with transverse ledge, face sharply receding below it. Transverse curved rugae extending from frontal depression to eye: absent. Median longitudinal carina in frontal depression: absent. Ventral portion of frontal depression: smooth. Dorsal portion of frontal depression: without transverse carinae. Submedian carina: absent. Frontal depression dorsally: not hood-like, open dorsally. Upper frons major sculpture: umbilicate foveate. Upper frons microsculpture: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: indicated by a set of irregular elevations. Carina connecting occipital carina to hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina: uniformly rounded PageBreakeral surface of pronotum. Mesoscutum anteriorly: very steep and tall, descending at a right angle or protruding anteriorly. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Mesoscutal midlobe sculpture at midlength: not different from nearby sculpture. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate; longitudinally rugose. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Median mesoscutal carina: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Mesoscutellar rim: not expanded. Mesoscutellar rim medially: without notch. Mesofemoral depression: longitudinally striate dorsally, smooth ventrally. Metascutellum shape: not emarginate, concave but elevated posteriorly. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: with large smooth posterior fovea. Spines along tibiae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae: broadly separated, not parallel anteriorly. Setae in metasomal depression: absent. Anterior sculpture of metasomal depression: absent. Median propodeal carina: absent. Postmarginal vein: present. Fore wing apex at rest: exceeding metasomal apex; reaching middle of T6. Coxae color brightness: same color as femora.Lateral pronotal area sculpture: with shallow irregular carinae, posterodorsal corner with dense microsculpture. Posterior border of central pronotal area: directed posteriorly, epomial carina absent or meeting transverse pronotal carina at arch on latT1 horn: absent. Number of longitudinal carinae of T1 midlobe: 5; obscured by other raised sculpture. T1 lateral carina: protruding laterally, visible from ventral view. T2 sculpture: with longitudinal striae or rugae, setiferous puncta present between them. T2 sublateral longitudinal foveae: absent. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6: broader than long. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of T6: absent. T6 medially: strongly convex, tapering and sloping down to a rounded apex, not separated from apical rim. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 raised peripheral rim: absent. S4 sculpture: densely setose, setal pits between very weak longitudinal rugae. S5 sculpture: densely setose, setal pits between very weak longitudinal rugae. S5 median carina: absent. S6 peripheral carina: absent. S6 apex in relation to T6: not exposed to dorsal view. S6 apex: rounded or acuminate.Male. Body length 2.45\u20133.85 mm (n=20). A3: longer than pedicel. A5 tyloid shape: narrow, linear. A6: broader than long. A11: broader than long. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Fore wing apex at rest: exceeding metasomal apex. T1 midlobe longitudinal carinae: 4. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T7: weakly emarginate.PageBreakBoth sexes: Frontal depression shallow; transverse carinae present ventrally, interrupted; submedian carina indicated by rounded ruga. Hyperoccipital carina indicated by rugae. Occipital carina complete, convex medially. Metascutellum deeply concave, not or hardly emarginate apically, projecting dorsally. Postmarginal vein present but sometimes very short. Coxa not darker than rest of leg. T1 lateral carina expanded laterally. Metasomal flanges absent. Female: A4, A5 broader than long. Mesoscutellum without granulate sculpture. T1 midlobe with 4 longitudinal carinae. Main body of T6 not abruptly separated from apical rim, T6 not concave apically. Fore wing long enough to reach middle of T6 or beyond metasomal apex. Male: Flagellomeres beyond A3 not or hardly longer than broad. T1 midlobe with 4 longitudinal carinae. Fore wing long enough to reach to or beyond metasomal apex. T7 tiny, truncate or very weakly emarginate.http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=5023][Fabales: Fabaceae]Inhabits brigalow: [Eucalyptus L\u2019H\u00e9r.: [Myrtales: Myrtaceae]; collected on Eucalyptus populnea F. Muell.: [Myrtales: Myrtaceae]; collected on Eucalyptus redunca Schauer: [Myrtales: Myrtaceae]On flowering Holotype, female: AUSTRALIA: WA, Carnarvon Shire, Gascoyne Research Station, 3.X\u20137.X.1969, H. E. Evans & R. W. Matthews, OSUC 376712 (deposited in MCZC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 66 females, OSUC 436006, 436010, 436041-436048, 436050, 436053, 437855, 437858-437859 (ANIC); OSUC 462738-462745 (CNCI); OSUC 376684, 376704-376705, 376707, 376710-376711, 376713-376715, 376722, 376733-376734 (MCZC); OSUC 436040 (MVMA); OSUC 148486 (QMBA); OSUC 448603 (QPIM); OSUC 148613-148614, 148616 (SAMA); OSUC 436039 (UQIC); OSUC 436038, 436049, 436051-436052, 437856, 449063-449080, 453990 (WINC).PageBreakBurkssp. n.http://zoobank.org/589E8E8E-4DFF-4B10-A832-CCBDF0A8E7DDurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:307126http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_linguaeFemale. Body length 4.1\u20134.2 mm (n=2).Radicle color and shade: same as scape, both dark brown. Pedicel color: same as scape. A3: longer than pedicel. A4: broader than long. A5: broader than long.Ventral clypeal margin: with slightly convex median lobe. Interantennal process: not elongate. Lower frons at dorsal margin of interantennal process: with oblique carina extending towards mouth corner. Transverse curved rugae extending from frontal depression to eye: absent. Median longitudinal carina in frontal depression: absent. Ventral portion of frontal depression: with transverse carinae. Dorsal portion of frontal depression: without transverse carinae. Submedian carina: present. Frontal depression dorsally: not hood-like, open dorsally. Upper frons major sculpture: umbilicate foveate; irregularly rugose. Upper frons microsculpture: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: indicated by a set of irregular elevations. Carina connecting occipital carina to hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina: present laterally, absent medially. Occiput sculpture: umbilicate foveate. Extra carina ventral to occipital carina: absent. Gena length: shorter than eye. Major sculpture of gena anteroventrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of gena posteroventrally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: punctate. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: punctate.Lateral pronotal area sculpture: mostly granulate, ventral corner with irregular carinae. Posterior border of central pronotal area: directed posteriorly, epomial carina absent or meeting transverse pronotal carina at arch on lateral surface of pronotum. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep, forming less than a right angle. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Mesoscutal midlobe sculpture at midlength: not different from nearby sculpture. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Median mesoscutal carina: present as a flattened or rounded elevation. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: granulate. Mesoscutellar rim: not expanded. Mesoscutellar rim medially: without notch. Mesofemoral depression: with slight, indistinct sculpture dorsally, smooth ventrally. Metascutellum shape: not emarginate, convex dorsally. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: with many longitudinal rugae. Postmarginal vein: present. Fore wing apex at rest: reaching middle of T5. Coxae color brightness: same color as femora. Spines along tibiae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae: broadly separated, not parallel anteriorly. Setae in metasomal depression: absent. Anterior sculpture of metasomal depression: unknown. Median propodeal carina: unknown.PageBreakT1 horn: present. Number of longitudinal carinae of T1 midlobe: obscured by other raised sculpture. T1 lateral carina: straight. T2 sculpture: with longitudinal striae or rugae, setiferous puncta present between them. T2 sublateral longitudinal foveae: absent. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6: longer than broad. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate punctate; longitudinally striate. Microsculpture of T6: granulate. T6 medially: tapering to a sharp point, not separated from apical rim. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 raised peripheral rim: absent. S4 sculpture: longitudinally striate or rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 median carina: present. S6 peripheral carina: absent. S6 apex in relation to T6: not exposed to dorsal view. S6 apex: rounded or acuminate.Male. unknown.PageBreakmedially, with protruding lateral corners. Metascutellum tongue-like, very narrow, resting in long groove presented by propodeum medially. Postmarginal vein present. Coxa not darker than rest of leg. T1 lateral carina not expanded laterally. Metasomal flanges absent. Female: A3 longer than pedicel. A4 longer than broad, A5 broader than long. Mesoscutellum with granulate sculpture. T1 midlobe with strong anterior horn, longitudinal carinae obscured by raised area. Fore wing long enough to reach middle of T5. T6 longer than broad.Both sexes: Frontal depression concave, transverse carinae present ventrally; submedian carina weakly indicated by a single carina. Weak oblique carina extending from bottom of frontal depression towards lower margin of eye. Head directed downward. Hyperoccipital carina indicated by rugae. Occipital carina absent Latin noun, genitive case, meaning \u201ctongue.\u201dhttp://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=307126][Myrtales: Myrtaceae]On flower of mallee: [Pisonia brunoniana Endl.: [Caryophyllales: Nyctaginaceae]On sticky seed of PageBreakQDPC 0-165697, QDPC 0-165700, QDPC 0-165710, QDPC 0-165712, QDPC 0-165716, QDPC 0-165717, QDPC 0-165722, QDPC 0-165733, QDPC 0-165742, QDPC 0-165743, QDPC 0-165744, QDPC 0-165748, QDPC 0-165755, QDPC 0-165763, QDPC 0-165764, QDPC 0-165766, QDPC 0-165767, QDPC 0-165783 (QDPC); OSUC 438073, 438092, 438101 (QMBA); OSUC 448607 (QPIM); OSUC 438070, 449028, 451329-451334, 451339-451340 (UQIC); OSUC 359704-359708, 359712, 436936, 438039-438057, 438065-438066, 438071, 438074-438091, 438105-438107, 438109, 438124-438132, 438144-438147, 438149-438151, 438153-438181, 438183-438186, 449029, 451336-451338, 451357-451358, 451360 (WINC).Holotype, male, S. nigricoxa: AUSTRALIA: QLD, summit of mountain range, grass / forest, Gordonvale (Nelson), 1500ft, 30.V.1913, sweeping, A. A. Girault, SAMA DB 32-001587 (deposited in SAMA). Other material: AUSTRALIA: 62 females, 152 males, ANIC DB 32-020124, 32-020125, 32-020144, OSUC 359709, OSUC 359710, OSUC 359711, OSUC 438058, OSUC 438059, OSUC 438060, OSUC 438061, OSUC 438062, OSUC 438063, OSUC 438064, OSUC 438067, OSUC 438069, OSUC 438072, OSUC 438093, OSUC 438094, OSUC 438095, OSUC 438096, OSUC 438097, OSUC 438098, OSUC 438099, OSUC 438100, OSUC 438102, OSUC 438103, OSUC 438110, OSUC 438111, OSUC 438112, OSUC 438113, OSUC 438114, OSUC 438115, OSUC 438116, OSUC 438117, OSUC 438118, OSUC 438119, OSUC 438120, OSUC 438121, OSUC 438122, OSUC 438123, OSUC 438133, OSUC 438134, OSUC 438135, OSUC 438136, OSUC 438137, OSUC 438138, OSUC 438139, OSUC 438140, OSUC 438141, OSUC 438142, OSUC 438143, OSUC 438152 (ANIC); OSUC 449022, 451335, 451359 (BMNH); OSUC 462598-462601 (CNCI); OSUC 438068, 438104, 438108, 438182, QDPC 0-165634, QDPC 0-165641, QDPC 0-165645, QDPC 0-165651, QDPC 0-165662, QDPC 0-165668, QDPC 0-165670, QDPC 0-165680, QDPC 0-165681, QDPC 0-165683, QDPC 0-165685, QDPC 0-165689, Burkssp. n.http://zoobank.org/BAD32776-3ECD-4EB9-9139-1C5C902909B7urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:307091http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_nitorisFemale. Body length 2.9\u20133.55 mm (n=20).Radicle color and shade: darker than scape. Pedicel color: at least partially darker than scape. A3: longer than pedicel. A4: broader than long. A5: broader than long.Ventral clypeal margin: with slightly convex median lobe. Interantennal process: not elongate. Lower frons at dorsal margin of interantennal process: without transverse carina. Transverse curved rugae extending from frontal depression to eye: absent. Median longitudinal carina in frontal depression: absent. Ventral portion of frontal depression: smooth. Dorsal portion of frontal depression: without transverse carinae. Submedian carina: present only as a weak shift in elevation. Frontal depression dorsally: not hood-like, open dorsally. Upper frons major sculpture: umbilicate foveate. Upper frons microsculpture: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: indicated by a set of irregular elevations. Carina connecting occipital carina to hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina: omicron-shaped, with sharp corners where median portion meets lateral portions. Occiput sculpture: transversely rugose. Extra carina ventral to occipital carina: absent. Gena length: shorter than eye. Major sculpture of gena anteroventrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of gena posteroventrally: umbilicate foveate; absent. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: absent.PageBreakriorly: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Median mesoscutal carina: present as a vague, occasionally interrupted elevation. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent; umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Mesoscutellar rim: not expanded. Mesoscutellar rim medially: without notch. Mesofemoral depression: longitudinally striate dorsally, smooth ventrally. Metascutellum shape: deeply emarginate, with the resulting PageBreakpair of posterior processes subtriangular and directed dorsally. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: with large smooth posterior fovea. Postmarginal vein: absent. Fore wing apex at rest: exceeding metasomal apex. Coxae color brightness: same color as femora. Spines along tibiae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae: broadly separated, but parallel for a short distance anteriorly. Setae in metasomal depression: absent. Anterior sculpture of metasomal depression: with median areole or pair of pits. Median propodeal carina: present.Lateral pronotal area sculpture: anteriorly smooth, posterodorsal corner with dense microsculpture, ventral corner with irregular carinae. Posterior border of central pronotal area: directed posteriorly, epomial carina absent or meeting transverse pronotal carina at arch on lateral surface of pronotum. Mesoscutum anteriorly: very steep and tall, descending at a right angle or protruding anteriorly. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Mesoscutal midlobe sculpture at midlength: not different from nearby sculpture. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteT1 horn: absent. Number of longitudinal carinae of T1 midlobe: 4. T1 lateral carina: protruding laterally, visible from ventral view. T2 sculpture: with longitudinal striae or rugae, setiferous puncta present between them. T2 sublateral longitudinal foveae: absent. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6: broader than long. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of T6: absent. T6 medially: slightly emarginate, not separated from apical rim. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 raised peripheral rim: absent. S4 sculpture: longitudinally striate or rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 median carina: absent. S6 peripheral carina: absent. S6 apex in relation to T6: not exposed to dorsal view. S6 apex: rounded or acuminate.Male. Body length 2.7\u20133.55 mm (n=20).A3: longer than pedicel. A5 tyloid shape: narrow, linear. A6: broader than long. A11: longer than broad. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent; punctate. Fore wing apex at rest: exceeding metasomal apex. T1 midlobe longitudinal carinae: 4. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T7: with a pair of sharply defined spine-like posterolateral projections.Oxyscelio nitoris is very similar to Oxyscelio livens and Oxyscelio palati, but has a moderate-length antenna in combination with a lack of T6 metasomal flanges.Both sexes: Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum black. Frontal depression shallow, transverse carinae absent or interrupted; submedian carina absent. Hyperoccipital carina indicated by rugae. Occipital carina complete, sinuate medially. Metascutellum deeply concave, emarginate apically, projecting dorsally. Coxa same color as rest of leg. T1 lateral carina expanded laterally. Female: A3 not shorter than pedicel. A4, A5 broader than long. T1 midlobe with 4 longitudinal carinae. T6 without metasomal flanges. Fore wing long enough to reach middle of T6 or beyond metasomal apex. Main body of T6 not abruptly separated from apical rim. Male: A3 longer than pedicel. A4, A11 longer than broad. T1 midlobe with 4 longitudinal carinae. Fore wing long enough to exceed metasomal apex. T7 with elongate spine-like posterior projections. PageBreakLatin noun, genitive case, meaning \u201cbrightness.\u201dhttp://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=307091][Acacia Mill.: [Fabales: Fabaceae]Under bark of 35\u00b022'S, 148\u00b048'E, 1240m, IV-1984, flight intercept trap/window trough trap, J. Lawrence, T. Weir & M.-L. Johnson, OSUC 439540 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 13 females, 17 males, OSUC 437015, 439541-439554, 445316-445325, 445327, 445329-445332 (ANIC). Other material: AUSTRALIA: 1 female, OSUC 437014 (ANIC).Holotype, female: AUSTRALIA: ACT, Piccadilly Circus, Oxyscelio pollicis is similar to some other species in the atricoxa-group, but it is also one of a set of melanistic species known from New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Other melanistic species from this area include the concoloripes-group, and some additional melanistic species occur in Tasmania. It is unlikely that these melanistic species form a monophyletic group.Burkssp. n.http://zoobank.org/2F5EF212-9A7A-4662-ACFA-4AE43C2263E9urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:307099http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_proceritatisFemale. Body length 4.5\u20134.7 mm (n=4).Radicle color and shade: darker than scape. Pedicel color: same as scape. A3: longer than pedicel. A4: longer than broad. A5: longer than broad.PageBreakrugae extending from frontal depression to eye: absent. Median longitudinal carina in frontal depression: absent. Ventral portion of frontal depression: with medially interrupted transverse carinae. Dorsal portion of frontal depression: without transverse carinae. Submedian carina: present. Frontal depression dorsally: not hood-like, open dorsally. Upper frons major sculpture: umbilicate foveate; transversely rugose. Upper frons microsculpture: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: indicated by a set of irregular elevations. Carina connecting occipital carina to hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina: uniformly rounded dorsally. Occiput sculpture: irregularly sculptured. Extra carina ventral to occipital carina: absent. Gena length: shorter than eye. Major sculpture of gena anteroventrally: umbilicate foveate; absent. Major sculpture of gena posteroventrally: umbilicate foveate; absent. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: absent.Ventral clypeal margin: concave. Interantennal process: not elongate. Lower frons at dorsal margin of interantennal process: without transverse carina. Transverse curved PageBreaknearby sculpture. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate; longitudinally rugose. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Median mesoscutal carina: present as a ruga. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Mesoscutellar rim: not expanded. Mesoscutellar rim medially: without notch. Mesofemoral depression: longitudinally striate dorsally and ventrally. Metascutellum shape: not emarginate, forming a flat, concave shelf. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: dense and irregular. Postmarginal vein: present. Fore wing apex at rest: reaching base of T5. Coxae color brightness: same color as femora. Spines along tibiae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae: broadly separated, not parallel anteriorly. Setae in metasomal depression: absent. Anterior sculpture of metasomal depression: absent. Median propodeal carina: absent.Lateral pronotal area sculpture: irregularly sculptured. Posterior border of central pronotal area: directed posteriorly, epomial carina absent or meeting transverse pronotal carina at arch on lateral surface of pronotum. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep, forming less than a right angle. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Mesoscutal midlobe sculpture at midlength: not different from T1 horn: present. Number of longitudinal carinae of T1 midlobe: obscured by other raised sculpture. T1 lateral carina: straight. T2 sculpture: densely foveolate, longitudinal sculpture irregular. T2 sublateral longitudinal foveae: absent. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6: longer than broad. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate punctate; longitudinally striate. Microsculpture of T6: absent. T6 medially: flat and tapering to a rounded apex, not separated from apical rim. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 raised peripheral rim: absent. S4 sculpture: longitudinally striate or rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 median carina: present. S6 peripheral carina: absent. S6 apex in relation to T6: not exposed to dorsal view. S6 apex: rounded or acuminate.Male. unknown.Oxyscelio proceritatis is one of the few Australian species with a strongly raised T1 horn in females. It differs from Oxyscelio radii and Oxyscelio aciculae in having a deeper frontal depression.Both sexes: Frontal depression with broadly interrupted transverse carinae; submedian carina sharp. Hyperoccipital carina indicated by rugae. Occipital carina convex medially. Postmarginal vein present. Coxa not darker than rest of leg. T1 lateral carina not expanded laterally. Metasomal flanges absent. Female only: A3 longer than pedicel. A4 longer than broad, A5 slightly longer than broad. Mesoscutellum without granulate sculpture. Metascutellum with irregular rugose sculpture. T1 midlobe carinae obscured by raised area. Fore wing long enough to reach base of T5. Latin noun, genitive case, meaning \u201clength.\u201dhttp://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=307099][Eucalyptus L\u2019H\u00e9r.: [Myrtales: Myrtaceae]Collected on 17\u00b011'S, 144\u00b034'E, 25.IV.1997, C. J. Burwell, OSUC 148356 (deposited in QMBA). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 11 females, 3 males, OSUC 437864-437865, 437867, 437871 (ANIC); OSUC 148381, 148483, 437866, 437870 (QMBA); OSUC 448602 (QPIM); OSUC 268211-268212 (USNM); OSUC 437868-437869, 437872 (WINC).Holotype, female: AUSTRALIA: NE QLD, Tea Tree Cave, 4km SE Chillagoe, (Dodd)http://zoobank.org/7662C30F-0110-481C-8C4E-A7BFDA3D3EE7urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5033http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_rugulosusSceliomorpha rugulosa Dodd, 1913: 139 ; Dicroteleia glabriscutellumsyn. n. Dodd, 1914: 106 ; Dicroteleia rugulosa (Dodd): Oxyscelio rugulosus (Dodd): Female. Body length 2.55\u20133 mm (n=20).Radicle color and shade: same as scape, both yellowish or reddish. Pedicel color: same as scape. A3: shorter than pedicel; as long as pedicel. A4: broader than long. A5: broader than long.PageBreakMedian longitudinal carina in frontal depression: absent. Ventral portion of frontal depression: with transverse carinae. Dorsal portion of frontal depression: without transverse carinae. Submedian carina: present only as a weak shift in elevation. Frontal depression dorsally: not hood-like, open dorsally. Upper frons major sculpture: umbilicate foveate; transversely rugose. Upper frons microsculpture: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: present as a single carina. Carina connecting occipital carina to hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina: present laterally, absent medially. Occiput PageBreaksculpture: smooth. Extra carina ventral to occipital carina: present, complete. Gena length: shorter than eye. Major sculpture of gena anteroventrally: umbilicate foveate; umbilicate punctate. Major sculpture of gena posteroventrally: umbilicate foveate; umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: absent.Ventral clypeal margin: concave. Interantennal process: not elongate. Lower frons at dorsal margin of interantennal process: with transverse ledge, face sharply receding below it. Transverse curved rugae extending from frontal depression to eye: present. Lateral pronotal area sculpture: smooth anteriorly, densely setose posteriorly. Posterior border of central pronotal area: directed posteriorly, epomial carina absent or meeting transverse pronotal carina at arch on lateral surface of pronotum. Mesoscutum anteriorly: very steep and tall, descending at a right angle or protruding anteriorly. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate; transversely rugose. Mesoscutal midlobe sculpture at midlength: not different from nearby sculpture. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Median mesoscutal carina: present as a vague, occasionally interrupted elevation. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate punctate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate; umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Mesoscutellar rim: not expanded. Mesoscutellar rim medially: without notch. Mesofemoral depression: longitudinally striate dorsally, smooth ventrally. Metascutellum shape: slightly emarginate posteriorly, concave but elevated posteriorly. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: with large smooth posterior fovea. Spines along tibiae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae: narrowly separated, angled anteriorly to become parallel. Setae in metasomal depression: absent. Anterior sculpture of metasomal depression: with median areole or pair of pits. Median propodeal carina: present. Postmarginal vein: absent. Fore wing apex at rest: exceeding metasomal apex. Coxae color brightness: same color as femora.T1 horn: absent. Number of longitudinal carinae of T1 midlobe: 4. T1 lateral carina: straight. T2 sculpture: with longitudinal striae or rugae, setiferous puncta present between them. T2 sublateral longitudinal foveae: absent. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6: broader than long. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of T6: absent. T6 medially: slightly emarginate, not separated from apical rim. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 raised peripheral rim: absent. S4 sculpture: densely setose, setal pits between very weak longitudinal rugae. S5 sculpture: densely setose, setal pits between very weak longitudinal rugae. S5 median carina: absent. S6 peripheral carina: absent. S6 apex in relation to T6: not exposed to dorsal view. S6 apex: rounded or acuminate.PageBreakMale. Body length 2.5\u20133 mm (n=20). A3: longer than pedicel. A5 tyloid shape: narrow, linear. A6: longer than broad. A11: longer than broad. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate; transversely rugose. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate; umbilicate punctate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Fore wing apex at rest: exceeding metasomal apex. T1 midlobe longitudinal carinae: 4. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T7: truncate.Both sexes: Frontal depression shallow, weak transverse carinae present; submedian carina indicated by a set of weak rugae, flat or only weakly rounded dorsally. Hyperoccipital carina sharp and strong. Occipital carina incomplete, lateral portions nearly reaching hyperoccipital carina. Occiput almost entirely smooth, with a row of setiferous puncta. Mesoscutum with median carina. Metascutellum broad and concave, truncate or slightly concave apically, projecting dorsally. Postmarginal vein present. Coxa not darker than rest of leg. T1 lateral carina not expanded laterally. Metasomal flanges absent. Female: A3 as long or longer than pedicel. A4, A5 broader than long. Mesoscutellum weakly sculptured, with only setiferous puncta. T1 midlobe with 4 longitudinal carinae. Fore wing long enough to reach beyond T6. T6 broader than long. Male: All flagellomeres past A3 about as long as broad. Frontal depression without complete transverse carinae. T1 midlobe with 4 longitudinal carinae. Fore wing long enough to reach beyond metasomal apex. T7 tiny, truncate.http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=5033][Eucalyptus stellulata Sieber: [Myrtales: Myrtaceae]Collected on 35\u00b035'S, 149\u00b000'E, 21.III\u201331.III.1985, malaise trap, I. Naumann & J. Cardale, OSUC 359606 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 15 females, 43 males, ANIC DB 32-020901, OSUC 359607, OSUC 359608, OSUC 359609, OSUC 359610, OSUC 359611, OSUC 359612, OSUC 359613, OSUC 359614, OSUC 359615, OSUC 359616, OSUC 359617, OSUC 359618, OSUC 359619, OSUC 359620, OSUC 359621, OSUC 359622, OSUC 436998, OSUC 436999, OSUC 437000, OSUC 437001, OSUC 439583, OSUC 439584, OSUC 439585, OSUC 439588, OSUC 439589, OSUC 453964, OSUC 453965, OSUC 453966, OSUC 453967, OSUC 453968, OSUC 453969, OSUC 453970, OSUC 453971, OSUC 453972, OSUC 453973, OSUC 453974, OSUC 453975, OSUC 453976, OSUC 453977, OSUC 453978, OSUC 453979, OSUC 453980, OSUC 453981, OSUC 453982, OSUC 453983, OSUC 453984, OSUC 453985 (ANIC); NSW Agriculture ASCT00132286 (ASCU); OSUC 448923-448924 (BMNH); OSUC 462590 (CNCI); OSUC 453986 (MVMA); OSUC 439586, 453987-453989 (TDAH); OSUC 439587 (WINC).Holotype, female: AUSTRALIA: ACT, Honeysuckle Creek, Oxyscelio uncinorum is one of a few Australian species with distinct tibial spines. These are apparently expanded setae, and therefore can be difficult to distinguish, especially on males because of their more densely setose tibiae. Tasmanian specimens were closely examined for differences from mainland specimens, but were not found to be more or less identical.Burkssp. n.http://zoobank.org/02FF1B12-6A0F-499D-9025-EE82FF356794urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:307125http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_valdecatenaeFemale. Body length 2.75\u20133.35 mm (n=4).PageBreakRadicle color and shade: same as scape, both dark brown. Pedicel color: same as scape. A3: longer than pedicel. A4: longer than broad. A5: broader than long.Ventral clypeal margin: with slightly convex median lobe. Interantennal process: not elongate. Lower frons at dorsal margin of interantennal process: without transverse carina. Transverse curved rugae extending from frontal depression to eye: absent. Median longitudinal carina in frontal depression: absent. Ventral portion of frontal depression: smooth. Dorsal portion of frontal depression: without transverse carinae. Submedian carina: absent. Frontal depression dorsally: not hood-like, open dorsally. Upper frons major sculpture: umbilicate foveate. Upper frons microsculpture: granulate. Hyperoccipital carina: indicated by a set of irregular elevations. Carina connecting occipital carina to hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina: uniformly rounded dorsally. Occiput sculpture: umbilicate foveate; transversely rugose. Extra carina ventral to occipital carina: absent. Gena length: shorter than eye. Major sculpture of gena anteroventrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of gena posteroventrally: umbilicate foveate; umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: granulate. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: granulate.Lateral pronotal area sculpture: anteriorly smooth, posterodorsal corner with dense microsculpture, ventral corner with irregular carinae. Posterior border of central pronotal area: directed posteriorly, epomial carina absent or meeting transverse pronotal carina at arch on lateral surface of pronotum. Mesoscutum anteriorly: very steep and tall, descending at a right angle or protruding anteriorly. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Mesoscutal midlobe sculpture at midlength: with large smooth areas. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Median mesoscutal carina: present as a vague, occasionally interrupted elevation. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: punctate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: punctate. Mesoscutellar rim: not expanded. Mesoscutellar rim medially: without notch. Mesofemoral depression: with slight, indistinct sculpture dorsally, smooth ventrally. Metascutellum shape: slightly emarginate posteriorly, concave but elevated posteriorly. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellum sculpture: with large smooth posterior fovea. Postmarginal vein: present. Fore wing apex at rest: reaching near apex of T5; reaching middle of T6. Coxae color brightness: same color as femora. Spines along tibiae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae: broadly separated, not parallel anteriorly. Setae in metasomal depression: absent. Anterior sculpture of metasomal depression: with median areole or pair of pits. Median propodeal carina: absent.PageBreaklong. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate punctate. Microsculpture of T6: absent. T6 medially: flat and tapering to a rounded apex, not separated from apical rim. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 raised peripheral rim: absent. S4 sculpture: longitudinally striate or rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. S5 median carina: absent. S6 peripheral carina: absent. S6 apex in relation to T6: not exposed to dorsal view. S6 apex: rounded or acuminate.T1 horn: absent. Number of longitudinal carinae of T1 midlobe: obscured by other raised sculpture. T1 lateral carina: straight. T2 sculpture: with longitudinal striae or rugae, setiferous puncta present between them. T2 sublateral longitudinal foveae: absent. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 sculpture: longitudinally striate to rugose, setal pits spanning interspaces. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6: broader than Male. Body length 2.8 mm (n=1). A3: longer than pedicel. A5 tyloid shape: narrow, linear. A6: longer than broad. A11: broader than long. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: umbilicate foveate; longitudinally rugose. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of mesoscutal midlobe posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: umbilicate foveate. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: umbilicate foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum centrally: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum peripherally: absent. Fore wing apex at rest: exceeding metasomal apex. T1 midlobe longitudinal carinae: 5. T3 metasomal flanges: absent. T4 metasomal flanges: absent. T5 metasomal flanges: absent. T6 metasomal flanges: absent. T7: truncate.Oxyscelio valdecatenae is smaller than Oxyscelio catenae, but differs chiefly in having a much more strongly sculptured mesoscutellum. Some additional more subtle differences exist, especially in metasomal length and frontal depression sculpture.Both sexes: Frontal depression shallow, transverse carinae absent; submedian carina absent medially. Genal carina expanded, with large foveae between it and gena laterally. Hyperoccipital carina indicated by rugae. Occipital carina complete, convex. Epomial corner slightly protruding. Mesoscutum with raised longitudinal smooth area postero-medially. Metascutellum broad, deeply concave, slightly emarginate apically. Postmarginal vein present. Entire leg dark brown. Metasomal depression with irregular sculpture. T1 lateral carina not expanded laterally. Metasomal flanges absent. Female: A3 longer than pedicel. A4 longer than broad, A5 broader than long. Mesoscutellum without granulate sculpture, densely foveate medially. T1 midlobe carinae obscured by raised area. Fore wing long enough to reach apex of T5 or middle of T6. Male: Fore wing long enough to reach beyond metasomal apex. T7 truncate apically, without apical protrusions. Latin noun, genitive case, meaning \u201cstrong chain.\u201dhttp://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=307125][Holotype, female: AUSTRALIA: WA, Mount Cooke, 17.II-18.IV.1991, malaise trap, M. S. Harvey & J. M. Waldock, OSUC 449005 (deposited in WAMP). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 9 females, 7 males, OSUC 449006-449021 (WINC)."}
{"text": "There is an error in the given name of the second author in the citation. The correct citation is: Arranz P, Aguilar de Soto N, Madsen PT, Brito A, Bordes F, et al. (2011) Following a Foraging Fish-Finder: Diel Habitat Use of Blainville's Beaked Whales Revealed by Echolocation. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28353. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028353"}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Sibhatu Biadgilign. The correct Citation is: Mesfin YM, Hailemariam D, Biadgilign S, Kibret KT (2014) Association between HIV/AIDS and Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 9(1): e82235. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082235"}
{"text": "There was an error in the title.The correct version of the title is: Efficacy of Olyset\u00ae Plus, a New Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net Incorporating Permethrin and Piperonyl-Butoxide against Multi-Resistant Malaria VectorsThe correct citation is: Pennetier C, Bouraima A, Chandre F, Piameu M, Etang J, et al. (2013) Efficacy of Olyset\u00ae Plus, a New Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net Incorporating Permethrin and Piperonyl-Butoxide against Multi-Resistant Malaria Vectors. PLoS ONE 8(10): e75134. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075134"}
{"text": "There was an error in the name of the third author.The correct name is: Simona Degli EspostiThe correct citation is: Sivaprasad S, Crosby-Nwaobi R, Esposti SD, Peto T, Rajendram R, et al. (2013) Structural and Functional Measures of Efficacy in Response to Bevacizumab Monotherapy in Diabetic Macular Oedema: Exploratory Analyses of the BOLT Study (Report 4). PLoS ONE 8(8): e72755. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072755The correct Author Contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: SS. Performed the experiments: SDE TP RR MM. Analyzed the data: RCN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RCN TP. Wrote the paper: SS MM PH."}
{"text": "Published 28 January 2014Stratton M, Lee I-H, Bhattacharyya M, Christensen SM, Chao LH, Schulman H, Groves JT, Kuriyan J. 2014. Activation-triggered subunit exchange between CaMKII holoenzymes facilitates the spread of kinase activity. eLife The following funding information was omitted from the published article:Human Frontier Science Program: Moitrayee Bhattacharyya.The article has now been corrected."}
{"text": "The name of the second author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Marta Rubio-Texeira. The correct citation is: Aouida M, Rubio-Texeira M, Thevelein JM, Poulin R, Ramotar D (2013) Agp2, a Member of the Yeast Amino Acid Permease Family, Positively Regulates Polyamine Transport at the Transcriptional Level. PLoS ONE 8(6): e65717. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065717. The correct abbreviation in Contributions is: MR."}
{"text": "Podospora anserina\" is spelled incorrectly in the article title. The correct title is: \"A Genome-Wide Longitudinal Transcriptome Analysis of the Aging Model Podospora anserina.\"The species name \"Podospora anserina. PLoS ONE 8(12): e83109. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083109The correct Citation is: Philipp O, Hamann A, Servos J, Werner A, Koch I, et al. (2013) A Genome-Wide Longitudinal Transcriptome Analysis of the Aging Model"}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Maria A. de Souza Silva. The correct citation is: Ottis P, Topic B, Loos M, Li KW, de Souza Silva MA, et al. (2013) Aging-Induced Proteostatic Changes in the Rat Hippocampus Identify ARP3, NEB2 and BRAG2 as a Molecular Circuitry for Cognitive Impairment. PLoS ONE 8(9): e75112. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075112. The correct abbreviation in the Author Contributions statement is: MAdSS."}
{"text": "Reference 15 is the incorrect reference. The reference listed is:\"Martin MP, Pascal V, Yeager M, Phair J, Kirk GD, et al. (2007) A mutation in KIR3DS1 that results in truncation and lack of cell surface expression. Immunogenetics 59: 823\u2013829.\"The correct reference is: \"Martin MP, Qi Y, Gao X, Yamada E, Martin JN, et al. (2007) Innate partnership of HLA-B and KIR3DL1 subtypes against HIV-1. Nat Genet 39: 733-740.\""}
{"text": "AbstractPhragmataecia monikasp. n.and Patoptoformis rimsaitesp. n. superficially resemble related congeners but can be distinguished by differences in wing pattern, genitalia and distribution. Checklists of the genera Phragmataecia and Patoptoformis are presented.Two new Cossidaespecies from China\u2018s Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces are described. The new species  Cossidae collection at the Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten /Museum of Thomas Witt  the authors found two unknown specimens from China belonging to the genera Phragmataecia and Patoptoformis. After examining their morphology relative to related species the authors are describing the new species herein.During a study of the The material was collected in 2010, during May and July, using artificial light. Taxonomic nomenclature and checklists used in this study were compiled pursuant to consulting expert taxonomists and relevant literature .Abbreviations of depositories:ZSSM/MWM collection of Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten /Museum of Thomas Witt .GenusNewman, 1850http://species-id.net/wiki/PhragmataeciaPhragmataecia Newman, 1850, Zoologist 8: 2931Noctua arundinis H\u00fcbner, [1808]Members of this genus are generally medium sized with very long abdomens, especially in females, and long bipectinate antennae. In males the length of pecten abruptly shortens to the distal part of tip, while in females pecten length is short to the tip of antenna as near invisible papilla. Coloration is white to black with unexpressed wing patterns except small black dots between the vein of the forewing in females.Uncus base short and wide, tip acute; tegumen medium size; gnathos reduced; valvae lancete-shaped with even edges, gradually narrowing to rounded tip; juxta wide with two lateral outgrowth patches; saccus elongated, semioval form; aedeagus long, weakly hooked and slightly longer than valva; vesica without cornutus, with pale indistinct opening.Long oviductus; papillae anales elongated, ellipse form; apophyses posteriores about 1.5 times longer than apophysis anterioris; ostium opening immersed, cup-like; postvaginal plate indistinct; ductus thin, long; bursa sack rounded, small without signum and with insignificant bulla on lateral side.39 species distributed in Old world excluding Papuan and Australian ranges.Yakovlev & Saldaitissp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A8A6C34C-3A71-43D5-8F96-754BCA5B921Ahttp://species-id.net/wiki/Phragmataecia_monikaPageBreakmale , China, Phragmataecia cinnamomea Wileman, 1911, Phragmataecia hummeli Bryk, 1942and to Phragmataecia fusca Wileman, 1911. Phragmataecia cinnamomea differs by having a yellow-brown body and wings, veins covered with dark brown scales in the postmedian forewing and dark brown dots in the terminal area : 203.Patoptoformis hanuman Yakovlev, 2006.Small dark colored moths with dark hair densely covering the body. Antennae bipectinate. Forewing with a scarcely seen streaky pattern; hindwing dark without pattern; fringe evenly dark on both wings. Sexual dimorphism weakly expressed but female somewhat larger than male with wider wings and non-pectinate antennae.Uncus long, narrowly triangular with pointed apex; gnathos arms long and densely covered with spinules; valva with costal crest, blunt apex and scarcely noticeable transition between sclerotized and membranous parts, sclerotization gradually weakening towards apex; arms of transtilla small, pointed; juxta small; saccus very poorly expressed; aedeagus short, vesica opening occupies a dorso-apical position and comprises half of aedeagus length; vesica without cornuti.Papillae anales elongated with rounded apices; apophyses posteriores thin, twice as long as anteriores; ostium opening immersed, fissure-like, surrounded by cordate rim; ductus bursae membranous, long and narrow; bursa elongate, gradually inflating to apex; ductus seminalis thin, enters bursa near its junction with ductus bursae.Three species distributed in NE India (Assam), Nepal, SE China (Sichuan).Saldaitis & Yakovlevsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F9D4618-3ED3-454E-A454-65B85A0D89EBhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Patoptoformis_rimsaitaeHolotype: male China, Sichuan prov. [province], Env. [environs] Mianning Ling Shan Mts. [mountains], h[high], -3760 m 01-03. 07. 2010, local collector leg. (slide No.JB1620), (deposited in ZSSM/MWM).Patoptoformis ganesha  and Patoptoformis hanuman Yakovlev, 2006. Unlike the new species, Patoptoformis ganesha has dark forewings generally with a row of narrow transversal bands in medial and submarginal zones and black hindwings with a black fringe , Afghanistan, SW Russia (S. Volga reg.) , 2009a.Phragmataecia andarana Clench, 1959Distribution: Namibia, South Africa .Phragmataecia anikini Yakovlev, 2011Distribution: SW Mongolia  .Phragmataecia annapurna Yakovlev, 2009Distribution: Nepal  .Phragmataecia brunni Pagenstecher, 1892Distribution: E. Africa (Tanzania) .Phragmataecia castaneae Phalena (Bombyx) arundinis H\u00fcbner [1802-1808]= Phalena castanea, Esper (1807)PageBreak= Phragmatoecia castanea Teich, 1884= Phragmataecia castanea sicca Dannehl, 1829= Phragmataecia castaneae f. fusca Lempke, 1961= Phragmataecia castaneae leonadae Gomez Bustillo, 1977= Phragmataecia meloina Gomez Bustillo & Fernandes-Rubio, 1976= Phragmataecia sica Gomez bustillo & Fernandes-Rubio, 1976= Distribution: Central and Southern Europe, S. England, M. East, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, NW Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, W. China, SW Siberia, Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco .Phragmataecia cinnamomea Wileman, 1911Xyleutes Hansi Strand, 1915.= Distribution: Taiwan, S. China (Jianxi-Fujian border) .Phragmataecia dushman Yakovlev, 2009Distribution: Afghanistan .Phragmataecia furia Grum-Grshimailo, 1890Distribution: Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan ?, Afghanistan .Phragmataecia geisha Yakovlev, 2011Distribution: Japan .Phragmataecia gummata Swinhoe, 1892Phragmatoecia (sic!) lata Snellen, 1895= Phragmatoecia (sic!) sordida Snellen, 1901= Distribution: China , Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia  .Phragmataecia gurkoi Yakovlev, 2007Distribution: NW Pakistan .Phragmataecia fusca Wileman, 1911Phragmataecia obscura Wileman, 1911= Distribution: Taiwan , ThailanPhragmataecia fuscifusa Hampson, 1910Distribution: Sierra Leone, Nigeria .Phragmataecia hummeli Bryk, 1942Distribution: China (NE Sichuan) .Phragmataecia impura Hampson, 1891Distribution: India, Nepal, S. China , Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Java .Phragmataecia innominata Dalla Torre, 1923Phragmatoecia reticulata Hampson, 1910= Distribution: South Africa, Mozambique, Malawi .Phragmataecia innotata Distribution: China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand .Phragmataecia irrorata Hampson, 1910Distribution: Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, Bostwana, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi .Phragmataecia itremo Viette, 1974Distribution: Madagascar .Phragmataecia laszloi Yakovlev, 2009Distribution: Nepal  .Phragmataecia longivitta Candeze, 1926Distribution: Laos .Phragmataecia minima Hampson, 1891Distribution: S. India .Phragmataecia minor Moore, 1879Distribution: Bangladesh, Myanmar ?, China (Lingping) Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam .Phragmataecia pelostema Distribution: Togo, Cameroon, Nigeria .Phragmataecia pectinicornis Distribution: Central Sudan .Phragmataecia psyche Distribution: Benin? and different parts of Western Africa .Phragmataecia purpureus Fletcher, 1927Distribution: India (Bihar) .Phragmataecia pygmaea Graeser, 1888Distribution: SE Russia, Korea, NE China (Charbin) Distribution: India .Phragmataecia sericeata Hampson, 1910Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria .Phragmataecia sumatrensis Snellen, 1892Distribution: Indonesia (Sumatra)  .Patoptoformis ganesha Distribution: Nepal, Ganesh Himal.Patoptoformis hanuman Yakovlev, 2006Distribution: NE India, Assam.Patoptoformis rimsaitae Saldaitis &Yakovlev, sp. n.Distribution: province China, Sichuan."}
{"text": "In the article title, the word \"antemortem\" was misspelled. The correct title is: \"Heart Wall Is Thicker on Postmortem Computed Tomography Than on Antemortem Computed Tomography: The First Longitudinal Study.\" The correct citation is: Okuma H, Gonoi W, Ishida M, Shintani Y, Takazawa Y, et al. (2013) Heart Wall Is Thicker on Postmortem Computed Tomography Than on Antemortem Computed Tomography: The First Longitudinal Study. PLoS ONE 8(9): e76026. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076026.In addition, there were multiple errors in the Author Contributions Statement. The Author Contributions Statement should read: \"Conceived and designed the experiments: HO WG. Performed the experiments: WG MI YS. Analyzed the data: HO WG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YT MF. Wrote the manuscript: HO WG KO.\""}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Yok-Ai Que. The correct citation is: Kesarwani M, Hazan R, He J, Que YA, Apidianakis Y, et al. (2011) A Quorum Sensing Regulated Small Volatile Molecule Reduces Acute Virulence and Promotes Chronic Infection Phenotypes. PLoS Pathog 7(8): e1002192.doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002192"}
{"text": "The correct spelling of the 3rd author's name is: Sanjay Kharche. The correct citation is: Tong W-C, Choi CY, Kharche S, Holden AV, Zhang H, et al. (2011) A Computational Model of the Ionic Currents, Ca2+ Dynamics and Action Potentials Underlying Contraction of Isolated Uterine Smooth Muscle. PLoS ONE 6(4): e18685. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018685."}
{"text": "There was an error in the citation. The correct citation is:Kumar S, Nagaraju GP, Song H, von Kalm L, Borst DW (2012) Exposure to Exogenous Enkephalins Disrupts Reproductive Development in the Eastern Lubber Grasshopper, Romalea microptera (Insecta: Orthoptera). PLoS ONE 7(11): e51126. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051126"}
{"text": "Sensors has instituted an annual award to recognize outstanding papers that are related to sensing technologies and applications and meet the aims, scope and high standards of this journal [Sensors from among all the papers published in 2009. Reviews and full research articles were considered separately. We are pleased to announce that the following eight papers have won the Sensors Best Paper Award in 2013:Since 2011, Sabine Achmann, Gunter Hagen, Jaroslaw Kita, Itamar M. Malkowsky, Christoph Kiener and Ralf MoosMetal-Organic Frameworks for Sensing Applications in the Gas PhaseSensors2009, 9(3), 1574-1589; doi:10.3390/s90301574http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/3/1574Available online: Alimujiang Fulati, Syed M. Usman Ali, Muhammad Riaz, Gul Amin, Omer Nur and Magnus WillanderMiniaturized pH Sensors Based on Zinc Oxide Nanotubes/NanorodsSensors2009, 9(11), 8911-8923; doi:10.3390/s91108911http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/11/8911Available online: Filiberto Chiabrando, Roberto Chiabrando, Dario Piatti and Fulvio RinaudoSensors for 3D Imaging: Metric Evaluation and Calibration of a CCD/CMOS Time-of-Flight CameraSensors2009, 9(12), 10080-10096; doi:10.3390/s91210080http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/12/10080Available online: Litao Liu, Xiongying Ye, Kang Wu, Rui Han, Zhaoying Zhou and Tianhong CuiHumidity Sensitivity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks Deposited by DielectrophoresisSensors2009, 9(3), 1714-1721; doi:10.3390/s90301714http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/3/1714Available online: Andrea Lingua, Davide Marenchino and Francesco NexPerformance Analysis of the SIFT Operator for Automatic Feature Extraction and Matching in Photogrammetric ApplicationsSensors2009, 9(5), 3745-3766; doi:10.3390/s90503745http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/5/3745Available online: Alphus D. Wilson and Manuela BaiettoApplications and Advances in Electronic-Nose TechnologiesSensors2009, 9(7), 5099-5148; doi:10.3390/s90705099http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/7/5099Available online: Chuji Wang and Peeyush SahayBreath Analysis Using Laser Spectroscopic Techniques: Breath Biomarkers, Spectral Fingerprints, and Detection LimitsSensors2009, 9(10), 8230-8262; doi:10.3390/s91008230http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/10/8230Available online: Tianyou Zhai, Xiaosheng Fang, Meiyong Liao, Xijin Xu, Haibo Zeng, Bando Yoshio and Dmitri GolbergA Comprehensive Review of One-Dimensional Metal-Oxide Nanostructure PhotodetectorsSensors2009, 9(8), 6504-6529; doi:10.3390/s90806504http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/9/8/6504Available online: The prize awarding committee merits the article \u201cMetal-Organic Frameworks for Sensing Applications in the Gas Phase\u201d as \u201cinvolving a new type of material as the adsorbent in gas sensors\u201d. Both of the reviews \u201cApplications and Advances in Electronic-Nose Technologies\u201d and \u201cBreath Analysis Using Laser Spectroscopic Techniques: Breath Biomarkers, Spectral Fingerprints, and Detection Limits\u201d \u201c\u2026introduced and explained their subject very nicely, while giving thorough, useful coverage of the literature.\u201dSensors and the sensing field. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of Sensors, we would like to congratulate these eight teams for their excellent work. In recognition for their accomplishment, Drs. Sabine Achmann, Alimujiang Fulati, Dario Piatti, Xiongying Ye and Davide Marenchino will receive 1000 CHF, 800 CHF, 600 CHF, 400 CHF and 200 CHF, respectively, and the privilege of publishing an additional open access format paper of their choice free of charge in Sensors in 2013. Drs. Alphus D. Wilson, Chuji Wang, Tianyou Zhai and Xiaosheng Fang will be awarded the privilege of publishing an additional research paper free of charge in open access format in Sensors.These eight exceptional papers are valuable contributions to Prize Awarding CommitteeEditor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Physical Sensors\u2019Dr. Vittorio M.N. PassaroDipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari, Via Edoardo Orabona n. 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyTel. +39-08059-63850; Fax: +39-08059-63410http://dee.poliba.it/photonicsgroupWebsite: passaro@deemail.poliba.itE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Chemical Sensors\u2019Prof. Dr. W. Rudolf SeitzAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USATel. +1-603-862-2408; Fax: +1-603-862-4278http://www.unh.edu/chemistry/faculty/seitz_w.htmlWebsite: wrs@cisunix.unh.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Remote Sensors\u2019Dr. Assefa M. MelesseDepartment of Environmental Studies, ECS 339, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USATel. +1-305-348-6518; Fax: +1-305-348-6137http://www.fiu.edu/\u223cmelessea/Website: assefa.melesse@fiu.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Biosensors\u2019Dr. Alexander StarDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USATel. +1-412-624-6493; Fax: +1-412-624-4027http://www.pitt.edu/\u223castar/Website: astar@pitt.eduE-Mail: Managing EditorDr. Ophelia HanMDPI Beijing Office, Suite 2011, Ruidu International Center, Cuijingbeili No 1, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101101, Chinaophelia.han@mdpi.comE-Mail:"}
{"text": "There was a typographical error in the title and citation. The correct title is, \"N-octanoyl-Dopamine Is an Agonist at the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1 and Mitigates Ischemia-Induced Acute Kidney Injury In Rat.\" The correct citation is:Tsagogiorgas C, Wedel J, Hottenrott M, Schneider MO, Binzen U, et al. (2012) N-octanoyl-Dopamine Is an Agonist at the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1 and Mitigates Ischemia-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rat. PLoS ONE 7(8): e43525. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043525"}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly. The correct spelling is: Charles H. Cunningham. The correct citation is: Chen AP, Chu W, Gu Y-P, Cunningham CH (2013) Probing Early Tumor Response to Radiation Therapy Using Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in MDA-MB-231 Xenografts. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56551. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056551"}
{"text": "The name of the third author should be: Chris Sotiropoulos.The correct citation is: Jiang J-X, Aitken KJ, Sotiropoulos C, Kirwan T, Panchal T, et al. (2013) Phenotypic Switching Induced by Damaged Matrix Is Associated with DNA Methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) Activity and Nuclear Localization in Smooth Muscle Cells (SMC). PLoS ONE 8(8): e69089. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069089"}
{"text": "The initials for the first and fourth authors are incorrect. The correct initials are Yang XF and Zhu MS. The correct citation is: Yang XF, Norma-Rashid Y, Louren\u00e7o WR, Zhu MS (2013) True Lateral Eye Numbers for Extant Buthids: A New Discovery on an Old Character. PLoS ONE 8(1): e55125. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055125"}
{"text": "AbstractDermestes (Dermestes) vorax Motschulsky, 1860, Thorictuspilosus Peyron, 1857, T. wasmanni Reitter, 1895, Attagenus (Attagenus) simonis Reitter, 1881 and Globicornis (G.) breviclavis ) and 1 subspecies (A. (A.) tigrinus pulcher Faldermann, 1835) are excluded from the Italian fauna.An up-to-date checklist of the Italian Dermestidae is provided. The presence of 95 species in Italy is confirmed, while further 5 species (Attagenus (Attagenus) calabricus Reitter, 1881 and A. (A.) lobatus Rosenhauer, 1856 are for the first time recorded from Abruzzi and Tuscany respectively; A. (A.) silvaticus Zhantiev, 1976 is recorded for the first time from mainland Italy (Apulia); Anthrenus (Anthrenus) angustefasciatus Ganglbauer, 1904 is new to northern Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), central Italy (Tuscany), Apulia and Basilicata; A. (A.) munroi Hinton, 1943 is new to central Italy (Elba Island); A. (A.) delicatus Kiesenwetter, 1851 is for the first time recorded from Apulia; Globicornis (Globicornis) fasciata  is new to southern Italy (Basilicata); G. (Hadrotoma) sulcata  is for the first time recorded from central Italy (Abruzzi), Campania and Sicily, whileTrogoderma inclusum LeConte, 1854 is new to Apulia.Dermestes (Dermestes) peruvianus Laporte de Castelnau, 1840, D. (Dermestinus) carnivorus Fabricius, 1775, D. (Dermestinus) hankae H\u00e1va, 1999, D. (Dermestinus) intermedius intermedius Kal\u00edk, 1951, D. (Dermestinus) szekessyi Kal\u00edk, 1950, Anthrenus (Anthrenops) coloratus Reitter, 1881 and Trogodermaangustum ) recently recorded from Italy (without further details) are discussed.Seven species (Attagenus (A.) calabricus Reitter, 1881 from Calabria.The lectotype and a paralectotype are designated forAttagenus pellio  var. pilosissimus Roubal, 1932 is removed from synonymy with A. (A.) pellio and recognized as a valid species (stat. prom.); it is known from Lombardy, Apulia and Calabria. Dermestidae of Italy. It is chiefly based on material collected by the staff of the Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversit\u00e0 Forestale \u201cBosco Fontana\u201d di Verona , during entomological surveys in various Italian Protected Areas  found in the literature that includes Italian records are provided below the valid name of each species or subspecies.The first section concerns 25 species. As far as possible, the following data are provided for each record: region, province, general area and/or commune, locality of collection, altitude, UTM coordinates, date of collection, collector/s, collecting method, possible research project, number of specimens, and, in parentheses, abbreviation of depository. The labels of the examined specimens are generally written in Italian; hereunder, the regions and the collecting methods were translated into English. The label data of type specimens are cited verbatim between quotation marks, a forward slash separating the different lines on a label, and a comma separating subsequent labels. Comments and interpretations are given in square brackets.The mainland Italian regions are listed from north to south, and from west to east, all toponyms are listed alphabetically. Chorotypes were assigned according to Dermestidae of Italy provided by In the second section, the literature records updating the checklist of Dermestidae is provided ; Fraz. = Frazione = hamlet; GC = G. Scaglioni leg.; GNP = Gargano National Park; leg. = legit or legerunt; PC = P. Cornacchia leg.; Prog. = Progetto = Project; prov. = province; sn = sweep net.The following abbreviations are used in the text: dint. = dintorni = environs; env. = environs; ex = specimen/s; FA = F. Angelini leg.; FEI = Forum Entomologi Italiani , ItalyCNBFVR Gianluca Nardi private collection, Cisterna di Latina (Latina), ItalyGNAC Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, HungaryHNHM Private Entomological Laboratory and Collection, Ji\u0159\u00ed H\u00e1va, Prague-west, Czech RepublicJHAC Museo Civico di Zoologia, Rome, ItalyMCZR Museo di Storia Naturale, Sezione di Zoologia, Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Florence, ItalyMZUF Paolo Cornacchia private collection, Porto Mantovano (Mantua), ItalyPCOPLaporte de Castelnau, 1840http://species-id.net/wiki/Dermestes_peruvianusDermestes peruvianus Laport.: Dermestes peruvianus Casteln.: Dermestes (Dermestes) peruvianus Castelnau, 1840: Dermestes (Dermestes) peruvianus Laporte de Castelnau, 1840: Dermestes peruvianus Laporte de Castelnau:  Roma env.,  1 ex (JHAC).Subcosmopolitan . This spItaly? . ItalianSpecies described from Peru cf. ; the fircommon in food factories and was reared experimentally in an insectarium in Piacenza University , but the place of origin of this captive population is not mentioned. This species, and Dermestes (Dermestinus) carnivorus Fabricius, 1775 (see below), are also considered in an Italian manual of applied entomology  carnivorus Fabricius, 1775: Tuscany: Firenze [= Florence], V.1948,  1 \u2640 (JHAC).Cosmopolitan cf. .Italy (without further details) . Italiansi \u00e8 acclimatato in Europa e in India[= it is naturalized in Europe and India], but no Italian locality was mentioned. The above generic Italian record by Motschulsky, 1860http://species-id.net/wiki/Dermestes_voraxDermestes vorax Motschulsky, 1860: Dermestes (Dermestes) vorax Motschulsky, 1860: None.Dermestes vorax Motsch.), but this record was later ignored  .http://www.dermestidae.wz.cz/main.html;http://www.dermestidae.com/index.html) is erroneous since concerns a dark specimen of Dermestes (Dermestes) lardarius Linnaeus, 1758 , so it was ignored by H\u00e1va, 1999http://species-id.net/wiki/Dermestes_hankaeDermestes (Dermestinus) hankae H\u00e1va, 1999: Dermestes (Dermestinus) hankai [sic!] H\u00e1va, 1999: Italy mer. [= southern Italy], [no other data], 1 \u2642 (JHAC).W-Mediterranean: Spain, France, Italy and Algeria .Italy (without further details) . ItalianSpecies described from southern France : 143; thhankae) is correct (hankai is only a subsequent incorrect spelling.The specific name (Dermestes (Dermestinus) pardalis Billberg, 1808 (Dermestes (Dermestinus) hankae. In Italy, Dermestes (Dermestinus) pardalis is recorded from Sardinia ]), but this record, based on very old specimens, should be confirmed.This species is very similar to rg, 1808 ; the re-inia cf. , genericinia cf. , and froKal\u00edk, 1951http://species-id.net/wiki/Dermestes_intermedius_intermediusDermestes (Dermestinus) intermedius intermedius Kal\u00edk, 1951: Dermestes (Dermestinus) intermedius Kal\u00edk, 1951: None.Dermestes (Dermestinus) intermedius iranicus H\u00e1va & Kal\u00edk, 1999) Iran, Iraq and Syria eastward  , 2007. IThe above generic Italian records by Kal\u00edk, 1950http://species-id.net/wiki/Dermestes_szekessyiDermestes (Dermestinus) szekessyi Kal\u00edk, 1950: None.Sibero-European cf. .Italy (without further details) . ItalianThe above generic Italian record of Lepesme, 1939http://species-id.net/wiki/Dermestes_olivieriDermestes ater Oliv. : Dermestes ater Ol.: Dermestes ater Olivier: Dermestes olivieri Lep.: Dermestes (Dermestes) olivieri Lepesme, 1939: Dermestes ater Degeer, 1774 [sic!]: Dermestes (Montandonia) olivieri Lepesme, 1939: Ferula communis [(Apiaceae)], Prog. Foresta Umbra, 1 ex (CNBFVR); Taranto prov., Ginosa Marina, VIII.1985, P. Abbazzi leg., 2 ex (MZUF). Tuscany: Arezzo [prov.], Cavriglia, [Fraz.] Montegonzi, 16.V.1991, Lisa leg., 1 ex (MZUF);  Ris. Nat. [= Riserva Naturale = Nature Reserve] \u201cValle Inferno-Bandella\u201d, Casa Giardino, 8.V.1998, L. Bartolozzi, B. Cecchi A. & Sforzi leg., 1 ex (MZUF);  Firenze [= Florence], V.1896, ex-coll. Beccari, 1 ex (MZUF); Firenze prov., Greve [in Chianti], [Fraz.] Strada in Chianti, 20.I.1957, A. Bandinelli leg., 1 ex (MZUF); [Grosseto prov.], Parco Naturale della [= Natural Park of] Maremma, Mti [= Monti = Mounts] dell\u2019Uccellina, S. Rabano, X.1988, L. Bartolozzi leg., 4 ex (MZUF).Apulia: Foggia prov.,  Mattinata, strada per M.te Sacro [= road to Mount Sacro], Masseria Vaira dint., 613 m, 33T 584160 4821825, 24.V.2010, I. Toni leg., sn on Turano-European with extension to Tunisia cf. .All of Italy, Sicily and Sardinia cf. . These gNew collecting sites from Tuscany and Apulia. In Tuscany, the species was formally recorded from a sole locality ; it is aDermestes ater DeGeer, 1774 from two Sicilian localities based on specimens collected by A. Gulli and identified by A. Porta. The data from a locality are exactly the same as those of \u201cDermestes ater Oliv.\u201d provided by Dermestes (Montandonia) olivieri; the homonymy (Dermestes ater DeGeer and Dermestes ater Oliver) was very probably the cause of the error of Dermestes (Dermestes) ater DeGeer is a cosmopolitan species, but in Italy it is known from some northern regions only (Dermestes (Dermestes) cadaverinus Fabr. , Dermestes ater Degeer, Dermestes (Dermestes) ater Degeer).Peyron, 1857http://species-id.net/wiki/Thorictus_pilosusThorictus pilosus Peyron, 1857: None.Turanian-E-Mediterranean: Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Libya, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey and Uzbekistan .\u201cS?\u201d [= peninsular Italy?] .Thorictus piliger Schaum, Thorictus pilosus Peyr., Thorictus pilosus Peyron) has also never been confirmed .The above doubtful record for peninsular Italy has already been ignored by other authors ; this sponfirmed , and musReitter, 1895http://species-id.net/wiki/Thorictus_wasmanniThorictus wasmanni Reitter, 1895: None.Turanian: endemic of Uzbekistan .\u201cSi?\u201d [= Sicily?] .The above doubtful Sicilian record has already been ignored by other authors ; this spReitter, 1881http://species-id.net/wiki/Attagenus_calabricusAttagenus calabricus Reitter, 1881: 37.Attagenus (Lanorus) calabricus Reitt.: Megatoma calabrica Rttr.: Attagenus calabricus Reitt.: Attagenus calabricus Rtt.: Attagenus calabricus Reitter, 1881: Attagenus (Lanorus) calabricus Reitter, 1881: Attagenus (Attagenus) calabricus Reitter, 1881: Attagenus calabricus Reitter / J. H\u00e1va des. 2012\u201d, 1 ex (HNHM); \u201cCalabria / Baudi [leg.]\u201d [handwritten by unknown], \u201cParatypus 1881 / Attagenus / Calabricus / Reitter\u201d , \u201ccoll. Reitter [printed]\u201d, \u201cParalectotype / Attagenus calabricus Reitter / J. H\u00e1va des. 2012\u201d, 1 ex (HNHM); Calabria [without further data], 1 ex (JHAC);  Marina di Sibari env., 3 m, sandy dunes, 14.6.2009, P. Kresl leg., 6 ex (JHAC);  Roseto Capo Spulico, 27.V.\u20133.VI.2006, V. Hron leg., 1 ex (JHAC);  Sila, Mte. [= Mount] Oliveto, 2.VII.1929, C. Confalonieri leg., 1 ex (JHAC);  Sila, Sud [= South of] S. Giovanni [in] Fiore, 1100 m, 4.VII.[19]87, FA, 2 ex (MCSV); Reggio Calabria prov., Asprom. [= Aspromonte], str. [= strada = road] Cimina\u2013Zomaro, 600\u2013800 m, 6.VI.1994, FA, 6 ex (JHAC).Abruzzi: Pescara prov., Maiella, Valle Orfento, Caramanico, 23.VI.1988, G. Osella leg., 1 ex (JHAC). Apulia: Brindisi prov., Francavilla Fontana, 30.V.1998, C. Esposito leg., 1 ex (GNAC);  Mattinata, 22.VI.1991, on flowers on the beach, M. Mantic leg., 4 ex (JHAC);  Gargano, Mattinata, 8\u201310.V.1995, Z. Svec leg., 1 ex (JHAC);  San Menaio, V.1996, M. Fikacek leg., 2 ex (JHAC); Taranto prov., Circ. [= Circum] Mar Piccolo, 24.V.1992, Montemurro leg., 1 ex (JHAC); Taranto prov., Grottaglie, VI.1369 [sic!], FA, 1 ex (MCSV). Basilicata:  Marina di Nova Siri, 4.VI.2008, W. Apfel leg., 1 ex (JHAC);  Matera, 4.VI.1989, FA, 1 ex (AHG);  Matera, 350 m, 4.VI.1989, FA, 11 ex (MCSV); Potenza prov., Francavilla sul Sinni, 320 m, 5.VI.1988, querceta [= oak wood], FA, 1 ex (MCSV);  Pollino, 19.VI.1994, FA, 1 ex (AHG). Calabria: \u201cCalabria / Baudi [leg.]\u201d [handwritten by unknown], \u201cHolotypus 1881 / Attagenus / Calabricus / Reitter\u201d , \u201cCalabricus m. / Calab. Baudi [leg.]\u201d [handwritten probably by Reitter], \u201ccoll. Reitter\u201d [printed], \u201cLectotype / Apenninic endemic .Campania , Apulia The generic records for Italy , 2007, pFirst record from the Abruzzi region; this new site cf.  is at thRosenhauer, 1856http://species-id.net/wiki/Attagenus_lobatusAttagenus (Attagenus) lobatus Rosenhauer, 1856: Tuscany: Firenze [= Florence], 28.IX.1988, L. Chelazzi leg., 1 \u2642 (MZUF).Centralasiatic-Mediterranean; this species was introduced to the USA cf. .Latium, Campania, Apulia, Calabria, Sicily and Sardinia cf. .First record for Tuscany. The new locality is the northernmost in Italy cf. .Roubal, 1932stat. prom.Attagenus pelliopilosissimus Roubal, 1932: 66. L. var. Attagenus pelliopilosissimus Roubal:  Lin. v. Attagenus pelliopilosissimus Roubal, 1932:   var. Attagenus pelliopilosissimus Roub.:  var. Attagenus pelliopilosissimus Roubal:  var. Attagenus (Attagenus) pellioAttagenus pilosissimus Roubal, 1932:   = Attagenus (Attagenus) pellioAttagenus pellio var. pilosissimus Roubal, 1932:   = Attagenus (Attagenus) pellioAttagenus pilosissimus Roubal, 1932:   = Attagenus (Attagenus) pellioAttagenus pellio var. pilosissimus Roubal, 1932:   = Apulia: Bari prov., Gioia del Colle, 22.IV.1993, De Marzo leg., 1 \u2642 (JHAC); Foggia prov.,  Foresta Umbra, Monte Sant\u2019Angelo, caserme forestali [= barracks of the Italian National Forestry Service], 792 m, 33T 582306 4630267, 27.IV.2010, PC, death on windowsill, Prog. Foresta Umbra, 1 \u2640 (JHAC). Lombardy: Bergamo prov., Oltre il Colle, 7.VII.2005, FA, 1 \u2642 (JHAC).Alpino-Apenninic endemic cf. .Apulia and Calabria .Attagenus pellio var. pilosissimus from Apulia was listed as a synonym of Attagenus (Attagenus) pellio by pilosissimus as a \u201cvariety\u201d. This means that this name was implicitly considered as a junior synonym as Mroczkowski also treated subspecific taxa in his paper. This opinion was confirmed by http://www.dermestidae.com/Attagenuspelliopilosissimus.html. Nevertheless, based on the study of the above new material, this variety is resurrected as a valid species (stat. prom.). Attagenus (Attagenus) pilosissimus and Attagenus (Attagenus) pellio show differences in the shape of the antennal club (Attagenus (Attagenus) pilosissimus also differs by the pubescence of the abdomen (Attagenus (Attagenus) pilosissimus is known only from mainland Italy , where, in sympatry, Attagenus (Attagenus) pellio  also occurs  silvaticus Zhantiev, 1976: Attagenus silvaticus Zhantiev, 1976: Apulia: Foggia prov.,  Foresta Umbra, Vico del Gargano, Bosco Sfilzi, 391 m, 33T 585633 4634653, 23.V.2010, D. Birtele & I. Toni leg., window flight trap, Prog. Foresta Umbra, 1 \u2640 (CNBFVR).Attagenus silvaticus, European  with extension eastward to \u201cCaucasus\u201d, Anatolia, Iran and West Siberia .Reitter, 1881http://species-id.net/wiki/Attagenus_simonisAttagenus tigrinusSimoni [sic!] Reit.:  F. [= ] v. Attagenus bifasciatusSimoni [sic!] Reitt.:  Oliv. [= ] v. Attagenus (Lanorus) bifasciatusSimoni [sic!] Reitt.:  Oliv. a Attagenus bifasciatussimoni [sic!] Reitter, 1881:   var. Attagenus (Attagenus) simonis Reitter, 1881: None.E-Mediterranean: Egypt, Israel, Jordan and Syria .Latium , CampaniAttagenus bifasciatus var. simonis), it occurs only in some East-Mediterranean countries. Nevertheless, an escatomediterranean distributional pattern  recorded Sicilian specimens of Attagenus (Attagenus) rossii (identified by A. Porta) with a colour similar to Attagenus (Attagenus) simonis; these specimens are also listed by Faldermann, 1835http://species-id.net/wiki/Attagenus_tigrinus_pulcherAttagenus pulcher Fald.: Attagenus tigrinuspulcher Falder.:  F. [= ] var. None.Attagenus (Attagenus) tigrinus pulcher is a Caucasian endemic  bifasciatus . Nevertheless, the status of this subspecies needs to be revised .This subspecies is excluded here from the Italian fauna. Reitter, 1881http://species-id.net/wiki/Anthrenus_coloratusAnthrenus (Anthrenops) coloratus Reitter, 1881: Anthrenus (Florilinus) coloratus Reitter, 1881: Apulia:  Gargano, V.1991, J. H\u00e1va leg., 12 ex (JHAC).Anthrenus coloratus, Turano-Europeo-Mediterranean with extension to Canary Islands, Tajikistan, \u201cIndia\u201d and Sudan; this species was introduced to and is widespread in the USA  pimpinellaeangustefasciatus Ganglb.:  Fabr. [= ] a. Anthrenus pimpinellaeangustefasciatus Ganglb.:  Fabr. ab. Anthrenus (Anthrenus) angustefasciatus Ganglbauer, 1904: Friuli-Venezia Giulia: Trieste prov., Carso,  Gabrovizza S. Primo, 12.VI.1988, sn, PC, 1 \u2640 (PCOP). Tuscany: Grosseto prov., Pitigliano, 23.I.[20]02, L. Saltini leg., 1 ex (GNAC). Apulia:  Brindisi env., 18.V.1997, J. Hrdlicka leg., 4 ex (JHAC). Basilicata: Potenza prov.,  Terranova di Pollino, 900 m, 27\u201330.VI.2005, GC, sn, 1 \u2640 (PCOP).European with extension southward to a part of the Maghreb: Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, France mainland, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia and European Turkey cf. .Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellae var. angustefasciatus, The records for Corsica  were latCalabria , SardiniAnthrenus pimpinellae var. angustefasciatus from \u201cDalmatien [= Dalmatia]\u201d that was only recently raised to species level . The generic records for Italy , for central Italy (Tuscany), for Apulia and Basilicata; the former record is expected since this species occurs in neighbouring foreign regions ] var. Anthrenus pimpinellaedelicatus Kiesw.:  F. var. Anthrenus pimpinellaedelicatulus [sic!] Kiesw.:  Fabr. Var. Anthrenus pimpinellaeIsabellinae Muls. :  F. [var.] Anthrenus pimpinellaedelicatus K.:  F. var. Anthrenus pimpinellaedelicatus Kiesw.:  F. ab. Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellaedelicatus Kiesw.: = Isabellinae Muls. Rey:  F. a. Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellaedelicatus Kiesw.:  Fabr. V. Anthrenus pimpinellaedelicatus Kiesw.:  v. Anthrenus (Anthrenus) delicatus Kiesenwetter, 1851: Anthrenus (Anthrenus) delicatus delicatus Kiesenwetter, 1852 [sic!]: Apulia: Foggia prov.,  Promontorio del Gargano, Vieste, SP 89 [= Strada Provinciale n. 89 = Provincial Road n. 89], Casa Cupari dint., 354 m, 33T 5920001 4630150, 29.V.2010, abandoned quarry, sn on grasses, PC, Prog. Foresta Umbra, 6 ex ; Foggia prov.,  Promontorio del Gargano, Peschici, Lampia del Principe dint., 161 m, 33T 587282 4639346, 28.IV.2010, maquis sn, PC, Prog. Foresta Umbra, 1 \u2640 (CNBFVR). Latium: Roma prov., M.ti [= Monti = Mounts] Simbruini, Jenne dint., M.te [= Monte = Mount] Porcaro, 800 m, 31.V.2007, sn, PC GC, 1 ex (PCOP). Sicily: Palermo prov., Corleone, Bosco della Ficuzza, 700 m, 1.VI.2008, sn near a watering trough, PC GC, 1 ex (PCOP).Anthrenus delicatus), and this country must be added to the distribution summarized by Mediterranean, reaching eastward as far as Caucasus and Iran cf. . This spTrentino, Venezia Giulia , PiedmonMoreover, Ne posseggo vari esemplari [= I have several specimens] without giving the collecting sites, so the sole known precise Sicilian localities were the Pantelleria and Lipari Islands (Anthrenus (Anthrenus) delicatus from the environs of Rome; this record was overlooked by Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellae. Moreover, the colour of elytral fasciae in four of the above Apulian specimens are visually very similar to those of Anthrenus (Anthrenus) mroczkowskii Kal\u00edk, 1954, nevertheless their identification was established by the examination of the structure of antennae, 9th sternite and male genitalia (cf. Anthrenus (Anthrenus) mroczkowskii recorded so far from Italy . The distribution of Anthrenus (Anthrenus) mroczkowskii also includes the following countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Corsica, Crete, Croatia, Greece, Slovenia, European Turkey and Algeria (introduced) (Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellae mroczkowskii, First detailed records from Apulia. About Sicily,  Islands ; the abo Islands . Luigionalia cf. . In thisHinton, 1943http://species-id.net/wiki/Anthrenus_munroiAnthrenus munroi Hint.: Anthrenus (Anthrenus) munroi Hinton, 1943: Tuscany: [Livorno prov.], Is. [= Isola = Island] d\u2019Elba, dint. Marina di Campo, 15\u201317.VI.1999, Abbazzi, Bartolozzi, Lo Cascio & Sforzi leg., 1 \u2642 (MZUF).Mediterranean , with extension to Hungary and Portugal cf. .Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria  and SardFirst record for central Italy; this new site is the northernmost in Italy. The species also occurs in the facing Corsica cf. .Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellae pimpinellae  and Anthrenus (Nathrenus) verbasci  were the sole congeneric species previously recorded from Elba Island  pimpinellae Fabr. and Anthrenus (Nathrenus) verbasci Lin.)http://species-id.net/wiki/Anthrenus_pimpinellae_pimpinellaeAnthrenus pimpinellae F.: Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellae Fabr.: Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellae pimpinellae : Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellae  s.l.: Apulia: Foggia prov.,  Promontorio del Gargano, Vieste, SP 89 [= Strada Provinciale n. 89 = Provincial Road n. 89], Casa Cupari dint., 354 m, 33T 5920001 4630150, abandoned quarry, sn on grasses, 29.V.2010, PC, Prog. Foresta Umbra, 4 ex (CNBFVR).Cosmopolitan cf. .All of Italy and Sicily . This spSpecies common and widespread in Italy but from the Gargano National Park cf.  was recoErichson, 1846http://species-id.net/wiki/Anthrenus_signatusAnthrenus (Nathrenus) signatus Erichson, 1846: Basilicata: Potenza prov., Pignola, Ris. [= Riserva = Reserve] WWF, L. [= Lago = Lake] Pignola, 700 m, 21.VI.1992, FA, 1 \u2642 (JHAC).European cf. .South Tyrol, Venetia, Venezia Giulia, Latium?, Apulia, Basilicata and Sicily cf. .Anthrenus (Nathrenus) verbasci, was known so far (Anthrenus verbasci).This species was recorded in Basilicata region from the Pollino National Park  only; thAnthrenus signatus ab. bielawskii Mroczkowski, 1958 from Bulgaria http://species-id.net/wiki/Globicornis_breviclavisHadrotoma breviclavis Reitter: Hadrotoma breviclavis Reitt.: Globicornis (Globicornis) breviclavis Reitt.: Globicornis (Globicornis) breviclavis : None.Endemic to the Near East: Armenia, Bulgaria, \u201cCaucasus\u201d, Georgia, European Turkey, Ukraine, and Southern European Russia  .Piedmont: Graian and Pennine Alps ; PiedmonHadrotoma breviclavis) is excluded here from the Italian fauna. Globicornis (Globicornis) luckowi Herrmann, H\u00e1va & Kadej, 2011 which is known only from southern Switzerland, Piedmont and Liguria (Attagenus (Attagenus) simonis, an escatomediterranean distributional pattern (Globicornis (Globicornis) breviclavis in Italy.This species described from Caucasus http://species-id.net/wiki/Globicornis_fasciataHadrotoma fasciata Fairm.: Globicornis fasciata Fair.: Globicornis (Globicornis) fasciata Frm. [18]59: Globicornis (Globicornis) fasciata Fairm.: Globicornis fasciatus [sic!] Fairm.: Globicornis (Globicornis) fasciata : Globicornis (Globicornis) fasciata : Globicornis (Globicornis) fasciata : Basilicata: Potenza prov., Parco Naz. del Pollino [= Pollino National Park], Casa del Conte dint., tra [= between] Acqua Tremola e [= and] Piani di S. Francesco, 1100\u20131500 m, 9.VII.2002, sn, GC, 3 ex (PCOP).European  with extension southward to Tunisia cf. .Piedmont , TuscanyThe records for northern and peninsular Italy  as thoseFirst record from southern Italy. Five species of this genus are now recorded from the Pollino National Park cf. .Globicornis fasciata Fairm.). The record from Sicily , the authorship of this species was often attributed only to Fairmaire.http://species-id.net/wiki/Globicornis_sulcataGlobicornis ? sulcata : Globicornis (Hadrotoma) ? sulcata : Globicornis (Hadrotoma) sulcata : Abies\u2013Quercus, FA, 1 \u2642 (JHAC). Campania: Avellino prov., Cilento, Novi Velia, M. [= Mount] Sacro, 1900 m, 7.XII.1996, Fagus, FA, 1 \u2642 (JHAC). Sicily: Palermo prov., Ficuzza, 700 m, 1\u20134.V.2000, bosco leccio [= ilex wood], FA, 1 \u2642 (JHAC); Palermo prov., Bosco della Ficuzza, 27.V.2006, M. Sarovec leg., 1 \u2642, 4 \u2640\u2640 (JHAC).Abruzzi: Parco Naz. [= National Park], L\u2018Aquila prov., Pescasseroli, 1300 m, 1.IV.2003, FA, 1 \u2640 (JHAC). Basilicata: Potenza prov., Moliterno, 500 m, 11.V.2003, FA, 1 \u2640 (JHAC); Potenza prov., Ruoti, 29.IX.1996, W-Mediterranean: France, Italy and Spain.Basilicata .Anthrenus (Anthrenus) delicatus (see above).First records from central Italy (Abruzzi), Campania and Sicily. In the Sicilian site, it was also collected http://species-id.net/wiki/Trogoderma_angustumTrogoderma angustum : None.Subcosmopolitan cf. . This spItaly (without further details) . ItalianThe above generic Italian record by LeConte, 1854http://species-id.net/wiki/Trogoderma_inclusumTrogoderma meridionalis Kraatz, 1858: 146.Trogoderma meridionalis Kraatz: Trogoderma meridionale [sic!] Kraatz: Trogoderma versicolormeridionale [sic!] Kr.:  Creutz. [= ] var. Trogoderma versicolormeridionale [sic!] K.:  Creut. v. Trogoderma versicolormeridionale [sic!] Kr.:  Creutz. a. Trogoderma versicolor meridionale [sic!] Kraatz, 1858: Trogoderma inclusum Le Conte: Trogoderma ? inclusum Lec.: Trogoderma inclusum : Trogoderma [?] inclusum J.L. Leconte, 1854: Trogoderma inclusum Leconte: Trogoderma inclusum LeConte, 1854: Apulia: Lecce prov., Salento, Torre S. Giovanni dint., 1\u20137.VII.2002, PC GC, sn, 1 ex (PCOP). Venetia: Verona prov., Verona, [Fraz.] Cancello, [about 500 m], 22.VI.1986, sn, PC, 1 ex (PCOP).Cosmopolitan cf. .Lombardy , Liguriaalcune citt\u00e0 del Nord-Italia [= some towns of Northern Italy] but without mentioning the regions.The first Italian record of this species was provided by Trogoderma versicolor  have often been confused    cf. .Attagenus (Attagenus) trifasciatus  and Trogoderma glabrum    were ignt, 1783) .Thorictus mauritanicus Lucas, 1846 and Thorictus stricticollis Kraatz, 1859 were both recorded from \u201cItaly\u201d by Thorictus mauritanicus refer only to Sardinia and Sicily, while those of Thorictus stricticollis  from Sicily and Morocco  brunneus Faldermann, 1835 (Anthrenus (Attagenus) scrophulariae suecius Palm, 1940 that was recorded from southern Italy and Sicily (Anthrenus (Anthrenus) scrophulariae scrophulariae , but for an error this new synonym was not formally established  gyllenhalii gyllenhalii Laporte de Castelnau, 1840Dermestes ? atomarius Erichson, 1846: Si? .Dermestes (Dermestinus) laniarius laniarius Illiger, 1801Dermestes laniarius Illig.: Dermestes laniarius Illiger, 1801: Si .Thorictus grandicollis grandicollis Germar, 1842Thorictus grandicollis Germ.: N .Attagenus (Attagenus) cyphonoides Reitter, 1881Attagenus alfierii Pic: Attagenus (Attagenus) cyphonoides Reitter, 1881: Attagenus (Attagenus) cyphonoides Reitter, 1881: S . Italy . ItalianAttagenus (Attagenus) fasciatus Attagenus fasciatus : Attagenus (Attagenus) fasciatus : N , 2004, SAttagenus (Attagenus) pantherinus Attagenus pantherinus: Attagenus (Attagenus) pantherinus : Attagenus pantherinus : N , Sa Zha. Italy .Attagenus (Attagenus) rossii Ganglbauer, 1904Dermestes bifasciatus Rossi, 1794: 79.Attagenus bifasciatus Rossi: Attagenus bifasciatus: Attagenus (Lanorus) bifasciatus Rossi: Attagenus (Lanorus) bifasciatus Oliv. [= ] a. Rossii Ganglb.: Attagenus (Lanorus) bifasciatus Oliv. v. Rossii Ganglb.: Attagenus bifasciatus Oliv. var. Rossii Ganglb.: Attagenus bifasciatus  var. Rossii Ganglbauer, 1904: Attagenus (Attagenus) rossii Ganglbauer, 1904: Attagenus rossii Ganglbauer, 1904: Attagenus rossii Ganglbauer, 1804 [sic!]: FEI 2012.S , 2011, SAttagenus (Attagenus) trifasciatus Attagenus trifasciatus Fabr.: Attagenus ? trifasciatus : Si? .Anthrenocerus australis Anthrenocerus australis : Herrmann and N (Herrmann and Globicornis (Globicornis) luckowi Herrmann, H\u00e1va & Kadej, 2011Globicornis (Globicornis) luckowi Herrmann, H\u00e1va & Kadej, 2011: N .Globicornis (Hadrotoma) corticalis Globicornis corticalis : S .Reesa vespulae Reesa vespulae : N , 2004.Trogoderma glabrum Trogoderma elongatulum Fabr. [= ]: Si? .Trogoderma variabile Ballion, 1878Trogoderma variabile Ballion, 1878: Trogoderma variabile Ballion: N , 2003b, The present-day dermestid fauna of Italy is summarized in the checklist below .The following abbreviations are used: AFR = Afrotropical; ALAP = Alpino-Apenninic endemic; ALPC = Central-Alpine endemic; APPE = Apenninic endemic; AUST = Australian; CAE = Centralasiatic-European; CEM = Centralasiatic-Europeo-Mediterranean; CEU = Central European; COS = Cosmopolitan; EME = E-Mediterranean; EUM = Europeo-Mediterranean; EUR = European; IT = Italy and/or Italian mainland without further details; (i) = introduced to Europe; MED = Mediterranean; N = northern Italy ; NAF = N-African; OLA = Holarctic; PAL = Palearctic; S = peninsular Italy ; Sa = Sardinia and small circum-Sardinian islands; SCO = Subcosmopolitan; SEU = S-European; Si = Sicily and small circum-Sicilian islands; SICI = Sicilian endemic; SIE = Sibero-European; TEM = Turano-Europeo-Mediterranean; TUE = Turano-European; TUM = Turano-Mediterranean; WME = W-Mediterranean.Dermestidae includes 95 species, moreover Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellae occurs with two subspecies, but the taxonomic status of Anthrenus (Anthrenus) pimpinellae isabellinus needs to be clarified  and the Pollino National Park . 24 species of both cf. . 24 and both cf.  and for"}
{"text": "The name of the third author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Thorsten Demberg. The correct Citation is: Campbell CT, Llewellyn SR, Demberg T, Morgan IL, Robert-Guroff M, et al. (2013) High-Throughput Profiling of Anti-Glycan Humoral Responses to SIV Vaccination and Challenge. PLoS ONE 8(9): e75302. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075302."}
{"text": "There was an error in the last author's name. The correct name is: Florian Franz Bauer.The correct citation is: Setati ME, Jacobson D, Andong U-C, Bauer FF (2012) The Vineyard Yeast Microbiome, a Mixed Model Microbial Map. PLoS ONE 7(12): e52609. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052609The correct Author Contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: MES DJ FFB. Performed the experiments: MES U-CA DJ. Analyzed the data: MES U-CA DJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MES DJ FFB. Wrote the paper: MES DJ FFB."}
{"text": "There were errors in the Author Contributions section. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: RH MH BM CG. Performed the experiments: CG FG MH. Analyzed the data: CG FG MH. Wrote the paper: CG BM MH. Carried out the field work: CG FG RH.Also, there was an error in reference 46. The correct reference 46 information should read: 46. Haase M, Misof B (2009) Dynamic gastropods: stable shell polymorphism despite gene flow in the land snail Arianta arbustorum. J Zool Syst Evol Res 47:105-114."}
{"text": "The name of the third author was misspelled.The correct name is: Dao-Fu Dai.The correct citation is: Frock RL, Chen SC, Dai D-F, Frett E, Lau C, et al. (2012) Cardiomyocyte-Specific Expression of Lamin A Improves Cardiac Function in Lmna\u2212/\u2212 Mice. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42918. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042918In addition, the first two authors, Richard L. Frock and Steven C. Chen, should be noted as contributing equally to this work."}
{"text": "The second author's name was misspelled. The correct spelling is Jose Carlos de Sousa-Figueiredo. The correct citation is: Stothard JR, Sousa-Figueiredo JC, Betson M, Adriko M, Arinaitwe M, et al. (2011) Schistosoma mansoni Infections in Young Children: When Are Schistosome Antigens in Urine, Eggs in Stool and Antibodies to Eggs First Detectable? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5(1): e938. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000938"}
{"text": "AbstractAgrilus occipitalis species\u2013group is redefined and diagnosed. Two species from this group, Agrilus auriventris Saunders, 1873 and Agrilus occipitalis , are known as the serious pests of cultivated Citrus trees. Overall twenty-three taxa are included in the Agrilus occipitalis species\u2013group. A complete list of references, type material, species examined and distribution is given for each taxon. The host plants, adult occurrence and altitude range is cited for most taxa. Habitus of all taxa and aedeagi of available males are pictured. Images of primary type specimens are provided. A character state matrix table for diagnostic characters is given for all taxa to facilitate their determination.The New species:eight new species are described: Agrilus mucidussp. n., Agrilus nebulosussp. n., Agrilus picturatussp. n., Agrilus pluviussp. n., Agrilus pseudoambiguussp. n., Agrilus tesselatussp. n., Agrilus trepanatussp. n. and Agrilus umrongsosp. n.Proposedsynonyms: eight synonyms are proposed: celebicola Obenberger, 1924, syn. n. ; connexus Kerremans, 1900, syn. n. ; cupricauda Saunders, 1867 syn. n. ; evinadus Gory & Laporte, 1839, syn. n. ; nirius Obenberger, 1924 syn. reconfirmed ; oblatus Kerremans, 1900, syn. n. ; samoensis Blair, 1928, syn. n. ; tebinganus Obenberger, 1924, syn. n. . New lectotype designations: six lectotypes are designated: Agrilus celebicola Obenberger, 1924; Agrilus cupricauda Saunders, 1867; Agrilus korenskyi Obenberger, 1923; Agrilus kurandae Obenberger, 1923; Agrilus nirius Obenberger, 1924; Agrilus nitidus Kerremans, 1898.The following new taxonomic and nomenclatural acts are proposed.  Agrilus taxa of the occipitalis species\u2013group. The group was established and defined by This publication presents the first comprehensive revision of the Agrilus occipitalis  and Agrilus auriventris Saunders, 1873 belong to this group. Most of the species from the Agrilus occipitalis species\u2013group are distributed in South and Eastern Asia but some spread well beyond this area: Agrilus diversornatus Jendek, 2011 to Russian Far East; Agrilus occipitalis and Agrilus biakanus Curletti, 2006 to Australasia. The occurrence of the chronic Citrus pest Agrilus auriventris in Polynesia and Agrilus occipitalis in Micronesia is most likely an introduction.The state of species taxonomy has remained unrevised despite the fact that the two most serious pests in the citrus orchards The format of the taxonomic part, style of the new species descriptions and morphological terms follow those used in must contain an express statement of the taxonomic purpose of the designation\u201d. Lectotype desig- nations herein are provided in order to preserve the stability of nomenclature by fixing the status of the specimen as the sole name-bearing type of a particular nominal taxon. Lectotype designations were made with careful attention to previously accepted usage of a name.According to Article 74.7.3 of the Abbreviations for collectionsBMNH The Natural History Museum, London, United KingdomEJCB Collection of E. Jendek, Bratislava, Slovak Republic IZAS Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, ChinaMNHN Mus\u00e9um national d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FranceNHMB Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, SwitzerlandNMPC National Museum , Prague, Czech RepublicNSMT National Science Museum , Tokyo, JapanUSNM National Museum of Natural History, Washington D. C. , USAZIN Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, RussiaPageBreakDiagnosis. Medium (>5 mm) or large species (>10 mm), body shape cuneiform or parallel. Head usually impressed medially with curved sculpture at both sides; eyes small or moderate. Pronotum with anteromedial, posteromedial and lateral impressions; rarely without apparent impressions. Prehumerus carinal or filamentary; rarely tubercular or obsolete. Elytra monochromatic or with elytral apices carmine; apices separately arcuate, rarely separately subtruncate; elytral pubescence fasciate or ornamental, rarely absent. Prosternal process flat, sides subparallel or dilated, rarely narrowed. Sexual dimorphism not obvious except for the longer ventral pubescence in male.Distribution.East, South and Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Australasia, Oceania.Host plants. Adoxaceae (Sambucus), Rutaceae , Rosacae (Sorbaria).Agrilus occipitalis species\u2013group seven subgroups can be recognized (Appendix):Within the A: elytral apices separately subtruncateAgrilus tesselatus-subgroupAgrilus tesselatus sp. n.Species: Diagnostic characters: antennae very short, serrate from antennomere 5; pronotum obviously convex, without apparent impressions, maximum width of pronotum at posterior margin; groove on apex of last ventrite deeply sinuate; ovipositor square.B: elytral apices separately subarcuateB1: species with elytral apex pubescent and prosternal lobe predominantly emarginate.Agrilus perroti-subgroupAgrilus perroti Descarpentries & Villiers, 1963, Agrilus umrongso sp. n. and Agrilus zanthoxylumi Li Meng Lou, 1989.Species: Diagnostic characters: body large or medium sized; head with deep medial longitudinal impressions; maximum width of pronotum at posterior margin, rarely at middle; elytral pubescence at least partly fasciate; apex of elytra pubescent and concolor with elytral disk; ovipositor prolonged.Agrilus auroapicalis-subgroupAgrilus auroapicalis Kurosawa, 1957, Agrilus diversornatus Jendek, 2011, Agrilus ishigakianus T\u00f4yama, 1985.Species: Diagnostic characters: body medium sized; head with deep medial longitudinal impressions; anterior pronotal lobe obvious; pronotum widest at posterior margin or at middle; prehumerus long, reaching to anterior pronotal angles, often joined with pronotal marginal carina; elytral pubescence at least partly fasciate; apex of elytra with strikingly different color than disk; prosternal lobe emarginate; apex of pygidium arcuate; groove on apex of last ventrite arcuate; ovipositor prolonged.B2: species with prosternal lobe subtruncate or arcuate, elytral apex glabrous (except for Agrilus yamawakii) and prosternal process often dilated.Agrilus inamoenus-subgroupAgrilus inamoenus Kerremans, 1892, Agrilus mucidus sp. n., Agrilus pluvius sp. n., Agrilus tonkineus Kerremans, 1895Species: Diagnostic characters: body medium or large, robust; head with deep medial longitudinal impressions; pronotum widest at posterior margin or at middle; elytral pubescence mosaic or at least partly mosaic; apex of pygidium angulate or with short protrusion, rarely arcuate; apex of last ventrite smooth, without medial carinula; ovipositor square.Agrilus ambiguus-subgroupAgrilus ambiguus Kerremans, 1895, Agrilus picturatus sp. n., Agrilus pseudoambiguus sp. n.Species: Diagnostic characters: body medium sized, slender; head with medium or deep medial impressions; antennae long; pronotum widest in middle, rarely at anterior margin; elytral pubescence mosaic or at least partly mosaic; pygidium angulate, with protrusion or long spine; ovipositor prolonged.Agrilus auriventris-subgroupAgrilus alesi Obenberger, 1935, Agrilus auriventris Saunders, 1873, Agrilus nebulosus sp. n., Agrilus trepanatus sp. n., Agrilus yamawakii Kurosawa, 1957.Species: Diagnostic characters: body medium or large, robust; head with or without medial impression; pronotum widest at anterior margin or in middle, rarely at posterior margin; elytral pubescence fasciate or ornamental, rarely missing; elytral apex concolor with elytral disk, rarely indistinctly carmine; ovipositor prolonged.Agrilus occipitalis-subgroupAgrilus biakanus Curletti, 2006, Agrilus horniellus Obenberger, 1935, Agrilus occipitalis , Agrilus sordidulus Obenberger, 1916.Species: PageBreakDiagnostic characters: body medium, robust; head rarely without medial impression; pronotum widest in middle; elytral pubescence fasciate or ornamental, rarely missing; pygidium arcuate or with short protrusion, never with long spine; ovipositor prolonged.Obenberger, 1935http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_alesiAgrilus alesiAgrilus) auriventris; characters; Japan) \u2013 auriventris; checklist; faunal records; Japan (Loo-Choo Archipelago)) \u2013 Agrilus sacchari Obenberger, 1940 (Agrilus) sachari; faunal records; Okinawa: Loo-Choo) \u2013 alesi; characters; notes) \u2013 alesi; checklist; Japan) \u2013 alesi; checklist; Japan) \u2013 alesi; checklist; Japan) \u2013 alesi; Palaearctic catalog) \u2013 alesi; world catalog) \u2013 alesi; lectotype designation). = Agrilus aritai T\u00f4yama, 1985 (Agrilus) alesi). Obenberger, 1935 : \u201cCB [citrus borer?] adults, Chengtu, China, v.28.-vi.5. \u2018[19]39, Kovlieu . JAPAN: Kyushu; Ryukyu islands (Okinawa incl.).Kerremans, 1895http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_ambiguusAgrilus ambiguusAgrilus) ambiguellus; catalog) \u2013 ambiguellus Kerremans, 1903  ambiguus) \u2013 ambiguus; Palaearctic catalog) \u2013 ambiguus; world catalog). Kerremans, 1895 .Size 6.7\u201310 mm. 25\u00b027'N, 92\u00b043'E, 17.-25.v., Dembick\u00fd & Pachol\u00e1tko leg.\u201d. Meghalaya: 7 (EJCB): \u201cNE India, Meghalaya state, West Garo Hills, Nokrek Nat.Park, 9\u201317. V. 1996 alt.1100+150m, GPS N25\u00b029.6', E90\u00b019.5' (WGS 84), E. Jendek & O. \u0160au\u0161a leg.\u201d; 7 (EJCB): \u201cNE India, Meghalaya, 1400 m, Nokrek N. P. , 3 km S Daribokgiri, 25\u00b027'N, 90\u00b019'E, 26.iv.1999, Dembick\u00fd & Pachol\u00e1tko leg.\u201d. 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cNE India, Meghalaya, 1400 m, Nokrek N. P. , 3 km S Daribokgiri, 25\u00b027'N, 90\u00b019'E, 26.iv.1999, J. Rol\u010d\u00edk leg.\u201d. West Bengal: 2 (NMPC): \u201cDarjeeling \u201d. LAOS: Louang Namtha: 1 \u2642, 2 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cLaos, Louang Namtha pr., 21\u00b009'N, 101\u00b019'E, Namtha\u2013Muang Sing, 5-31.v.1997, 900-1200 m, Vit Kub\u00e1\u0148 leg.\u201d. Phongsali: 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cLao-N, Phongsaly prov., 21\u00b041'-2'N, 102\u00b006'\u201308'E, 28.v.-20.vi.2003 Phongsaly env., ~1500m, V\u00edt Kub\u00e1\u0148 leg.\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cLao, Phongsaly prov. 21\u00b041'N, 102\u00b006'E Phongsaly env. 6\u201317.v.2004, 1500 m, P. Pachol\u00e1tko leg.\u201d.INDIA: Assam: 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cNE India, Assam, 1999, 5 km N of Umrongso, 700m, Altitude range: 700\u20131500 m.4\u20135\u20136. Unknown.INDIA: Assam; Meghalaya; Sikkim; West Bengal. LAOS: Louang Namtha; Phongsali.Saunders, 1873http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_auriventrisAgrilus auriventrisAgrilus) Anambus; catalog; Japan) \u2013 Kerremans 1892: 248  \u2013 graptelytrus Obenberger, 1914 (Agrilus) auriventris; lectotype designation). = fleutiauxi Bourgoin, 1922 (Agrilus) auriventris; lectotype designation). = pidjinus Obenberger, 1924  pidjinus has been fixed by the original author . = samoensis Blair, 1928 (Agrilus), syn. n.Unavailable names = citri Matsumura PageBreak no characters]) \u2013 auriventris) \u2013  Saunders, 1873 : \u201cGuangxi, Longzhou, 140m, 1.v.1963, Y. Wang leg.\u201d. VIETNAM: 1 (IZAS): \u201cTonkin, Hoa Binh, vii.1931, A. De Cooman leg.\u201d. For further records see Altitude range: 140\u2013700 m.4\u20135\u20136\u20137\u20138\u201310. Citrussp. For the detailed bibliography see CHINA: Fujian; Guangdong; Guangxi; Hong Kong; Hubei; Hunan; Jiangxi; Sichuan; Taiwan; Zhejiang. JAPAN: Honshu; Kyushu. LAOS. MYANMAR. SAMOA. VIETNAM.Kurosawa, 1957http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_auroapicalisAgrilus auroapicalisAgrilus) laurenconi Descarpentries & Villiers, 1963 (Agrilus) PageBreaklaurenconi). Kurosawa, 1957 : \u201cS Vietnam, Gia Lai-Kon Tum pr., 5 km N Ankh\u00e9, 19.x.1979\u201d; 1 (EJCB): \u201cVietnam, Gialai, Contum Tram Cap, 20.4.1995, Gorochov\u201d.CHINA: Guizhou: 1 \u2640 (MNHN): \u201cKouy-Tch\u00e9ou, R. P. J. R. Chaffanjon 1903\u201d. Taiwan: 1 (EJCB): \u201cMeiyuan, Nantou Hsien, Taiwan, 5.v.1993, Luo Chinchi leg.\u201d. LAOS: Louangphrabang: 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cLaos-N, 23.iv.1999, Louangphrabang prov. Altitude range: 1000 m.4\u20135\u201310. Unknown.CHINA: Guizhou; Taiwan. LAOS: Louangphrabang. VIETNAM: Gia Lai; Hoa Binh.T\u00f4yama, 1985http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_auroapicalis_ishigakianusAgrilus ishigakianusAgrilus; subspecies of auroapicalis) auroapicalis; checklist; Japan) \u2013 auroapicalis; checklist; Japan) \u2013 auroapicalis; checklist; Japan: Ryukyus (Ishigaki-jima I.)) \u2013 auroapicalis; Palaearctic catalog) \u2013 auroapicalis; world catalog) \u2013 auroapicalis; faunal record; biology; Ryukyu islands). T\u00f4yama, 1985 .Agrilus auroapicalis auroapicalis by having the body smaller, less produced apically; by the golden-brown dorsal color; by the ornamental elytral pubescence more extensive mostly along the suture and by having the color of elytral apices less contrasting to that of the nominal subspecies. See also Appendix.Size 6.1 mm; it can be distinguished from JAPAN: Ryukyu islands: 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201c1996.4.19, Ishigaki Is., Okinawa, Ryukyu, K. Takahashi leg.\u201d.Euodia meliifolia: JAPAN: Ryukyu islands (Okinawa incl.).The type specimens of this taxon were not studied; they should be preserved in NSMT as stated by Curletti, 2006http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_biakanusAgrilus biakanusAgrilus; subgenus Agrilus) Agrilus; world catalog). Curletti, 2006  Jendek In:  Jendek, 2011  horni Th\u00e9ry, 1904  horniellus) \u2013 horniellus) \u2013 horniellus) \u2013 horniellus; world catalog) \u2013 horniellus; lectotype designation). Obenberger, 1935 : \u201cSri Lanka: Anu Distr., 6 miles south of Tantirimalai, 2000ft, 31 Oct 1976\u201d; 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cCeylon, E. Prov., Pottuvil, 1-12/vii.-1983 Ole Mehl. leg.\u201d; 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cCeylon, N. C. Prov., Anuradhapura, 22-26/vi.-1985, Ole Mehl. leg.\u201d.Altitude range: 610 m.6\u20137\u201310. Unknown.SRILANKA.Agrilus horniellus may be conspecific with Agrilus occipitalis, but its original taxonomic concept was tentatively retained due to limited specimens available for examination.Kerremans, 1892http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_inamoenusAgrilus inamoenusAgrilus)PageBreakPageBreak Kerremans, 1892 : \u201cKhun Tan Mts, N Siam 3000 ft, HM. Smith May [19]33\u201d. VIETNAM: Lam Dong: 1 (MNHN): \u201cDjiring, Annam, H. Perrot\u201d. For further re- cords see also CHINA: 1 (IZAS): \u201c[China] Shuangjiang, vi.1953 [in Chinese]\u201d. Yunnan: 1 (IZAS): \u201cYunnan Xishuangbanna Xiaomengyang, 850m, 9.vii.1957, S. Y. Wang leg. [in Chinese]\u201d; 3 (IZAS): \u201cYunnan Xishuangbanna Menghun, 750m, 2\u20137.vi.1958, S. Y. Wang leg. [in Chinese]\u201d; 1 (IZAS): \u201cYunnan Xishuangbanna Damenglong, 650m, 5.v.1958, X. W. Meng leg. [in Chinese]\u201d. THAILAND: Chaiyaphum: 1 (EJCB): \u201cThailand, Chaiyaphum Tat Tone NP, near stream, Altitude range: 420\u20131600 m.4\u20135\u20136\u20137. Citrus: Sambucusjavanica: CHINA: Fujian; Yunnan. LAOS: Borikhamxai; Khammouan; Louang Namtha; Louangphrabang; Savannakhet; Xaignabouri; Xiangkhoang. MYA-NMAR: Karen State. THAILAND: Chaiyaphum; Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. VIETNAM: Binh Dinh; Gia Lai; Hoa Binh; Lam Dong; Son La.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1C67DFF8-5BF1-416C-9F7F-CD0F18B685C5http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_mucidusPageBreakdial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons. Vertex: Shape: markedly convex, Sculpture elements: rugae, Sculpture shape: semispherical, Sculpture density: dense, Sculpture intensity: rough. Eyes: Size: small, Shape: markedly protruding head outline, Lower margin: in line or below with antennal socket, Medial orbit: converging ventrally or subparallel. Antennae: Length: long, Width: slender, Serration: from antennomere 4, Antennomere 7\u201310 (shape): with obvious collum. PRONOTUM.Shape: transverse, Sides: markedly arcuate or slightly arcuate, Maximal width: at middle, Anterior margin: subequal to posterior. Anterior lobe: Size: mode-rate, Shape: arcuate or subangulate, Position: at level with anterior angles. Posterior angles: Shape: acute or obtuse or rectangular, Apex: blunt or sharp. Disk: Conve-xity: flat, Impressions: medial and lateral, Medial impression: anteromedial and posteromedial, Lateral impressions (intensity): shallow, Lateral impression (size): wide. Prehumerus: Development: filamentary, rarely carinal, Shape: bisinuate, Extent: to 1/3 of pronotal length, rarely to 1/2 of pronotal length, Anterior end: distant from lateral carina, Posterior end: joined with posterior angle or margin, Arc: moderate or obvious. Lateral carinae: Convergence: moderately convergent, Junction: present, Narrowest point: at posterior 1/5-1/4 of marginal carina. ELYTRA.Color: monochromatic, Humeral carina: absent. Apices: Arrangement: separate, Shape: arcuate. Pubescence: Color: monochromatic, Character: homogenous or with patches or spots of denser pubescence, Extent: entire ornamental with indication of fasciae or entire ornamental. Tomentum: Spots (pattern): postmedial only. STERNUM. Prosternal lobe: Size: large, Distal margin: arcuate. Prosternal process: Shape: subparallel, Sides: arcuate, Angles: obtuse, Angles (tips): blunt, Disc: flat. ABDOMEN.Tomentum: absent or present. Pygidium: Apical margin: angulate. Sternal groove: Extent: on three apical ventrites, Shape on the apex of last ventrite: arcuate. LEGS. Metatarsus: Size to metatibia: distinctly shorter than metatibia. Tarsomere 1: Size to following tarsomeres: longer than 2-3 but shorter than 2-4. GENITALIA. Aedeagus (Ovipositor: Shape: square (uritiform).BODY. Size: 9.6\u201310.7 mm (Holotype 10 mm).Shape: subparallel, Build: robust, Posterior tapering part: short with broad apex, Color : unicolored, Sexual modifications in male: not apparent. HEAD.Size: very large, MeAedeagus : SymmetrAgrilus tonkineus, it can be distinguished by the flat pronotum; by the bi-sinuate prehumerus and by the presence of transverse tomentose strip at apical third of elytra. See also Appendix.From the very close China,Hainan, Baihualing, 19.018, 109.836, altitude 300 m.Holotype , \u2642, . It refers to the elytral tomentum of the species.PageBreakThe specific name is Latin adjective urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2DF8A3BE-19D6-40D4-B183-D3EE333BF5F5http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_nebulosusVertex: Sculpture elements: rugae, Sculpture density: dense, Eyes: Size: moderate, Lower margin: in line or below with antennal socket, Medial orbit: converging ventrally, Antennae: Length: long, Width: slender, Serration: from antennomere 4. PRONOTUM. Shape: transverse, Sides: slightly arcuate, Maximal width: at anterior margin, Anterior margin: wider than posterior, Anterior lobe: Size: moderate, Shape: arcuate, Position: at level with anterior angles, Posterior angles: Shape: obtuse or rectangular, Apex: sharp, Disk: Impressions: medial and lateral, Medial impression: anteromedial and posteromedial, Prehumerus: Development: carinal, Shape: arcuate, Extent: to 1/3 of pronotal length, Anterior end: distant from lateral carina, Posterior end: joined with posterior angle or margin, Arc: moderate or weak, Lateral carinae: Convergence: moderately convergent, Junction: present, Narrowest point: at posterior 1/5-1/4 of marginal carina. ELYTRA. Color: monochromatic, Humeral carina: absent, Apices: Arrangement: separate, Shape: arcuate, Pubescence: Color: monochromatic, Extent: entire ornamental, rarely entire ornamental with indication of stripes. STERNUM. Prosternal lobe: Size: large, Distal margin: arcuate, Prosternal process: Size: wide, Shape: dilated, rarely subparallel, Sides: straight, Angles: acute, Angles (tips): blunt, Disc: flat, Projection (extend): distinctly beyond angles, Mesosternum: Mesosternal projection: flat. ABDOMEN. Tomentum: absent, Pygidium: Apical margin: arcuate, rarely angulate, Sternal groove: Extent: on all ventrites or on three apical ventrites, Shape on the apex of last ventrite: arcuate, rarely arcuately sinuate, Emargination (deepness): very shallow. LEGS. Metatarsus: Size to metatibia: distinctly shorter than metatibia, Tarsomere 1: Size to following tarsomeres: longer than 2-3 but shorter than 2-4 or subequal or longer than 2-4. GENITALIA. Aedeagus (Ovipositor: Shape: markedly elongate.BODY. Size: 6.4\u20137.5 mm (Holotype 6.5 mm).Shape: cuneiform, Posterior tapering part: long with narrow apex, Color : unicolored, Sexual modifications in male: not apparent. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, rarely shallow, Epistoma: raised above frons, Aedeagus : SymmetrAgrilus auriventris, it can be distinguished by the generally smaller size and slender body; by the pygidium arcuate apically and by the the groove on the apex of last ventrite arcuate (rarely sinuate). See also Appendix.From the close 21\u00b035N, 106\u00b030E, 52 km southwest of Lang Son, altitude 370 m.North Vietnam, 21\u00b035N, 106\u00b030E, 52 km SW of Lang Son, 27.iv.-6.v.1996, 370 m, Dembick\u00fd and Pachol\u00e1tko leg.\u201d. Paratypes:1 \u2642 paratype, 7 \u2640 paratypes (EJCB) from the same locality as holotype.Holotype , \u2642, . It refers to the faint ornamental elytral pubescence of the species.The specific name is Latin adjective http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_occipitalisAgrilus occipitalisBuprestis) Buprestis) \u2013 Citrus) \u2013 Agrilus; characters; faunal records; remarks; distributional summary; Indonesia: Maluku; New Guinea) \u2013 Agrilus; world catalog) \u2013 evinadus Gory & Laporte, 1839 (Agrilus) syn. n.evanidus; catalog) \u2013 evanidaus; catalog) \u2013 Kerremans 1892: 256  \u2013 evanidaus; catalog) \u2013 PageBreakn date) \u2013 occipitalis Gory, 1841 (Agrilus) occipitalis Gory is a junior objective synonym and a secondary homonym of occipitalis Eschscholtz]) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz; lectotype designation) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz; Palaearctic catalog) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz; world catalog). = marmoreus Deyrolle, 1864 (Agrilus) Citrus) \u2013 Agrilus) \u2013 Agrilus; catalog; Australia) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz; world catalog). = cupricauda Saunders, 1867 (Agrilus), syn. n.nitidus Kerremans, 1898 (Agrilus) occipitalis; world catalog) \u2013 occipitalis) \u2013 korenskyi) \u2013 marmoreus) \u2013 marmoreus) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz; world catalog). = connexus Kerremans, 1900 (Agrilus), syn. n.oblatus Kerremans, 1900 (Agrilus), syn. n.korenskyi Obenberger, 1923 (Agrilus) semiviridis) \u2013 nitidus) \u2013 PageBreak \u2013 marmoreus) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz; world catalog). = kurandae Obenberger, 1923 (Agrilus) nitidus) \u2013 nitidus) \u2013 korenskyi) \u2013 marmoreus) \u2013 marmoreus) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz; world catalog). = celebicola Obenberger, 1924 (Agrilus), syn. n.nirius Obenberger, 1924 (Agrilus), syn. reconfirmedoccipitalis) \u2013 occipitalis) \u2013 occipitalis) \u2013 occipitalis; world catalog) \u2013 occipitalis; larva; larval galleries; biology; Philippines; Java) \u2013 occipitalis; notes on biology) \u2013 occipitalis Eschscholtz; world catalog). = tebinganus Obenberger, 1924 (Agrilus), syn. n.Unavailable names = evanidus Buquet evinadus; world catalog). = evanidus Gemminger & Harold evinadus Gory & Laporte]) \u2013 evinadus) \u2013 evinadus) \u2013 evinadus; world catalog).  . Described from unknown number of syntypes.ignation , \u2640, . Lectotype by present designation : \u201cC Laos, Viang Chan prov. Lao Pako resort, 100 m, 50km NE Vientiane, 2002, M. \u0160trba leg. 28\u201330. V. \u201d; 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cLAOS, Vientiane prov., Lao Pako env. 200 m, 55 km NE Vientiane, 1\u20134.v.2004, F. & L. Kantner leg.\u201d; 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cLaos centr., Viang Chan pr., Ban PA Kho resort, ca.50 km, NE of Vientiane, ~90 m, 18\u00b010'N, 102\u00b052'E, 9.\u201314.vi.2007, M. \u0160trba leg.\u201d. MALAYSIA: Johor: 1 (EJCB): \u201cMalaysia: Pahang, Tioman island, 2 km N Ayer Batang, 18.7.1993, leg. Schuh\u201d. Pahang: 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cMalaysia-W, Pahang pr., 30km E Ipoh, 1500m, Cameron Highlands, Tanah Rata, 20.ii.-3.iii.1998, P. \u010cechovsk\u00fd leg.\u201d; 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cMalaysia-W, Pahang pr., 30km E Ipoh, 1500m, Cameron Highlands, Tanah Rata, 21-24.vi.2001, P. \u010cechovsk\u00fd leg.\u201d; Perak: 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cMalaysia-W, Perak 900m, 40km SE Ipoh, 4\u00b025'N, 101\u00b023'E, Cameron Highlands, Ringlet, M.\u0158\u00edha leg. 25.iv.\u20135.v.2001\u201d. NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS: 13 (USNM): \u201cMariana Isls.: Saipan Island, Aug. 20, 1944, David G. Hall\u201d; 38 (USNM): \u201cLake Hagoya, Tinian Is., VI-10-46 \\ Oakley 526 on Citrus leaves\u201d; 2 (USNM): \u201cChalon [?]avlav, Saipan, vi-19-46, Oakley 734, on orange leaves\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cRota Rota, vi-23-46, Townes\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cVlig Bay, Guam, 22-i-48,PageBreak Mechler \\ with Annona recticulata 48-2448\u201d; 5 (USNM): \u201cChalon Lavlau, Saipan, vi-19-46, Oakley 734, on orange leaves\u201d; 6 (USNM): \u201cMarpo Valley, Tinian Isl., vi-9-46, Oakley 520, on sour orange leaves\u201d. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 1 \u2642 (CBCS): \u201cNew Guinea, Sideia island, Sideia Mission, 28 Dec. 1988, Leg. G. Hangay\u201d. PHILIPPINES: Luzon isl. group: 22 (USNM): \u201cManilla PI, in citrus branches, CollnRC McGregor\u201d; 3 (USNM): \u201cMalinao, Tayabas, Baker\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cManila, PI, CollnRC McGregor\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cMt. Makiling, Luzon, Baker,\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cMindoro\u201d; 6 (USNM): \u201cSanto Tomas, Batangas, Luzon\u201d; 8 (USNM): \u201cManile, Philippines\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cLuzon, P. I. , Montalban\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cLos Banos, Philippine Is., vi-vii-17\u201d; 3 (USNM): \u201cManila P. I. , VI-24, R. C. Mc. Gregor\u201d; 5 (USNM): \u201cManila P. I. , April 24, R. C. Mc. Gregor\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cManila P. I. , V-24, R. C. Mc. Gregor\u201d; 22 (USNM): \u201cin Citrus wood, Manila, P. I. , 8.17.25, FC Brosius\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cLos Banos, Luzon PI, X.1945, Bmalkin\u201d; 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cMt. Maquiling Philippines, elev. 50m, 28-II-48, R. Afenir\u201d; 2 \u2642, 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cLipa, Batangas, elev. 100m, 10-VIII-1948, Bigornia, A.\u201d;Mindanao isl. group: 2 (USNM): \u201cZamboanga, Mindanao, Baker\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cZamboanga, Mindanao, Baker\u201d; 3 (USNM): \u201cIligan, Mindanao\u201d; 2 (USNM): \u201cSurigao, Mindanao, Baker\u201d; 3 (USNM): \u201cDapitan, Mindanao, Baker\u201d; 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640 (NMPC): \u201cDapitan Mindanao Baker\u201d; 6 (USNM): \u201cDavao, Mindanao, Baker\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cDiklom, Bukidnon, Mindanao\u201d; 2 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cPhilippinen Mindanao\u201d; 15 (USNM): \u201cButuan, Mindanao, Baker\u201d; 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cMindanao Phillippines 28.vii.1977 M. Sato leg.\u201d; 3 (CBCS): \u201cPhilippines, S. E. Mindanao, ix.2009, local collector\u201d. Palawan isl. group: 11 (EJCB): \u201cPhilippines, Palawan, 1\u201321. II. 2000, 800 m, 9\u00b042'N, 118\u00b031E, Salakot waterfalls, E. Jendek leg.\u201d. Visayas islands: 1 (USNM): \u201cIsl. Biliran, Philippines, Baker\u201d; 4 (USNM): \u201cVictoria, occ. Negros, in gardin\u201d; 5 (USNM): \u201cIsland Samar, Baker\u201d; 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cVictorias, Occ. Negros, 10/26/[19]29\u201d; 6 (USNM): \u201cCalicoan isl., P. I. , x-15-45 FF Bibby 601\u201d; 1 (EJCB): \u201cMasbate P. I. VIII.28 1952 Henry Townes\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cMalubog, Toledo City, Cebu Is., 12.vi.1986, Hawkeswood T. J. , on steam of Citrus\u201d; 1 (CBCS): \u201cPhilippines, Leyte Isl., Mt. Balocaue, vi.2009, local collector\u201d. THAILAND: 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cS Thailand Covaz 2.6.1995\u201d, Chiang Mai: 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cThailand 1. VI. 1990 Sansai, Chiang Mai, S. Steinke leg.\u201d. Mae Hong Son: 2 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cThailand bor., prov. Mae Hong Son, Pai, 24\u201330. IV. 1997, R. \u0160igut leg.\u201d. Nakhon Ratchasima: 1 \u2642 (MHCB): \u201cThailand Corat 12.vii.1995, leg. Lehman & Steinke\u201d; 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cThailand Corat VI.1997\u201d.Yala: 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cS Thailand 7-8. V. 1992 Betong, L. Dembick\u00fd leg.\u201d; 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cS Thailand Betong, Gunung Cang dun vill., Yala dist. 25.3.\u201322.4.93, J. Hor\u00e1k leg.\u201d.VIETNAM: 2 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cCochinchine\u201d.INDONESIA: Java: 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cF. H. Doesburg, Java, Samarang\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cJava Samarang\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cJava Malang\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cL. G. E. Kalshoven, Java 250m, Buitenzorg, ix.1924, NS 176\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cDr. L. J. Toxopeus, Preanger, Java, Bandoeng, 27.xi.31, Djeroek\u201d; 1 (USNM): \u201cDr. L. J. Toxopeus, Preanger, Java, Bandoeng, xi.1932\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, Java, Bandung, iv.1993 on Citrus trees\u201d; 8 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, Java isl, East Java prov., 6 km SE of Lasem, Celering Mt., 23. I. 1998, St. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d; 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, Java cent., Lasem env. - 4 km E of, Gunung Celering 140 m, 23\u201324. I. 1998, R. \u010cervenka lgt.\u201d. Kalimantan: 3 (EJCB): \u201cBorneo occ. Pontianak 1901\u201d. Lesser Sunda: 2 \u2642, 2 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cSumbawa Colffs.\u201d; 3 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cW Timor, 350 m, Buraen, 50 km S Kupang, 26.i.-9.ii.2006, S. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d. Sulawesi: 1 (EJCB): \u201cCelebes\u201d; 2 \u2642, 1 \u2640 (USNM): \u201cCelebes NEJ, Watampone vi 1935, leg. L. E. C. Veen\u201d.Sumatra: 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cW Sumatra, 1991\u201d; 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cW Sumatra, Solok, Jul 1995\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cSumatra, Harau valley, April 1996\u201d; 1 \u2642, 4 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cW Sumatra, Harau Valley, 700 m, iv.2004, S. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500-800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, iv-v.2006, S. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d; 3 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500\u2013800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, 5-28.ii.2006, S. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d; 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500-800 m, N of Payakumbuh, iv-v.2006\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500-800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, iv-v.2006, S. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500\u2013800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, ii.2006, S. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d; 8 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, W Sumatra, Mt. Tandikat, 400-600m, ca 25 km N Pariaman, i. 2007 S. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d; 1 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500\u2013800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, v-vi.2007, S. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d; 8 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500-800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, v-vi.2007, S. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d; 2 \u2642, 2 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cIndonesia, W Sumatra, Harau Valley, 500-800 m, ca 20 km N of Payakumbuh, viii.2009, S. J\u00e1kl leg.\u201d. LAOS: Vientiane: cca 55 (EJCB): \u201cLaos centr., 27. IV. -1. V. 1997, 70 km NE Vientiane, Ban Phabat env., 150 m, Altitude range: 50\u20131500 m.1\u20132\u20133\u20134\u20135\u20136\u20137\u20138\u20139\u201310\u201311\u201312. Citrus sp.: nirius)); Citrus aurantifolia: Citrus grandis: Citrus microcarpa: Citrus sinensis: PageBreakMaluku; Sulawesi; Sumatra. LAOS: Vientiane. MALAYSIA: Johor; Malaysia Peninsular; Pahang; Perak. NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS. PAPUA NEW GUINEA. PHILIPPINES: Luzon isl. group; Mindanao isl. group; Palawan isl. group; Visayas islands. THAILAND: Chiang Mai; Mae Hong Son; Nakhon Ratchasima; Yala. VIE-TNAM: Ba Ria-Vung Tau.AUSTRALIA: Queensland. CAMBODIA: Phnum Penh. CHINA: Taiwan. INDONESIA: Irian Jaya; Java; Kalimantan; Lesser Sunda (incl. West Timor); Remarks.Descarpentries & Villiers, 1963http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_perrotiAgrilus perrotiAgrilus)  Descarpentries & Villiers, 1963 : \u201cBritish Bootang, Maria Basti, Durel [leg.]\u201d. For further records see: Altitude range: 400 m.4. Unknown.CHINA: Fujian; Guangxi; Yunnan. INDIA: West Bengal. VIE-TNAM.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03996C31-A484-4599-8E00-36FB8A1B98C7http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_picturatusFrons: Shape: flat, Vertex: Sculpture elements: rugae, Sculpture shape: semispherical or subparallel, Sculpture density: dense, Sculpture intensity: rough, Eyes: Size: moderate, Lower margin: in line or below with antennal socket, Medial orbit: converging ventrally, Antennae: Length: long, Width: slender, Serration: from antennomere 4, Antennomere 7-10 (shape): with obvious collum. PRONOTUM. Shape: visually square, Sides: slightly arcuate or straight, Maximal width: atPageBreak middle, Anterior margin: subequal to posterior, Anterior lobe: Size: obvious, Shape: arcuate, Position: projecting beyond anterior angles, Posterior angles: Shape: rectangular, Apex: sharp, Disk: Impressions: medial and lateral, Medial impression: anteromedial and posteromedial, Lateral impressions (intensity): deep, Prehumerus: Development: carinal, Shape: arcuate, Extent: to 1/3 of pronotal length, Anterior end: distant from lateral carina, Posterior end: joined with posterior angle or margin, Arc: moderate, Lateral carinae: Interspace: narrow, Convergence: moderately convergent, Junction: absent or present, Narrowest point: at posterior angles. ELYTRA. Color: dichromatic, Alternative color: apical portion, Humeral carina: absent, Apices: Arrangement: separate, Shape: arcuate, Modifications: margin obviously denticulate, Pubescence: Color: monochromatic, Extent: entire ornamental, rarely entire ornamental with indication of stripes. STERNUM. Prosternal lobe: Distal margin: arcuate, Prosternal process: Shape: dilated, rarely subparallel, Sides: straight, Angles: obtuse, Angles (tips): blunt, Disc: flat, Projection (extend): distinctly beyond angles, Mesosternum: Mesosternal projection: flat. ABDOMEN. Pygidium: Apical margin: with shortly projecting carina, Last ventrite: Disk: with medial carinula, Sternal groove: Extent: on all ventrites or on three apical ventrites, Shape on the apex of last ventrite: arcuate. LEGS. Metatarsus: Size to metatibia: about as long or longer than metatibia, Tarsomere 1: Size to following tarsomeres: subequal or longer than 2-4. GENITALIA. Aedeagus (BODY. Size: 8.4 mm (Holotype).Shape: cuneiform, Build: slender, Color : bicolored. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Aedeagus : SymmetrAgrilus pseudoambiguus sp. n., it differs by having the pronotum more elongate with sides almost straight; by having an obvious pronotal lobe and by the elytral apices being distinctly denticulate. See also Appendix.From the very similar 17\u00b007'30\"N, 104\u00b001'E, altitude 350 m.Thailand, Sakon Nakhon province, Phu Phane National Park, 17\u00b007'30\"N, 104\u00b001'E, 350m, ix.2000, local collector\u201d.Holotype , \u2642, (EJCAltitude range: 350 m.9. Unknown.THAILAND: Sakhon Nakhon.picturatus (painted). It refers to the elytral pubescence of the species.The specific name is the Latin adjective urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4C107D00-2832-487F-B508-2899F45C55AAhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_pluviusVertex: Sculpture elements: rugae, Sculpture shape: semispherical, Sculpture density: dense, Eyes: Size: small, Lower margin: in line or below with antennal socket, Medial orbit: subparallel, Antennae: Serration: from antennomere 4. PRONOTUM. Shape: transverse, Sides: slightly arcuate, Maximal width: at middle, Anterior margin: subequal to posterior, Anterior lobe: Size: moderate, Shape: arcuate, Width: wide, Position: at level with anterior angles or not reaching level of anterior angles, Posterior angles: Shape: obtuse, Apex: sharp, Disk: Impressions: medial and lateral, Medial impression: anteromedial and posteromedial, Lateral impressions (intensity): deep, Prehumerus: Development: carinal, Shape: bisinuate, Extent: to 1/3 of pronotal length, Anterior end: distant from lateral carina, Posterior end: joined with posterior angle or margin, Arc: moderate, Lateral carinae: Interspace: narrow, Convergence: moderately convergent, Junction: present, Narrowest point: at posterior angles. ELYTRA. Color: monochromatic, Humeral carina: absent, Apices: Arrangement: separate, Shape: arcuate, Pubescence: Color: monochromatic, Density: dense, Extent: entire ornamental. STERNUM. Prosternal lobe: Size: large, Distal margin: arcuate or subtruncate, Prosternal process: Shape: subparallel, Sides: straight, Angles: obtuse, Angles (tips): blunt, Disc: flat, Projection (extend): distinctly beyond angles, Mesosternum: Mesosternal projection: flat. ABDOMEN. Tomentum: present, Pygidium: Apical margin: arcuate, Sternal groove: Extent: on three apical ventrites, Shape on the apex of last ventrite: arcuately sinuate, Emargination (deepness): very shallow. LEGS. Metatarsus: Size to metatibia: about as long or longer than metatibia, Tarsomere 1: Size to following tarsomeres: subequal or longer than 2-4. GENITALIA. Ovipositor: Shape: square (uritiform).BODY. Size: 12.6 mm (Holotype).Shape: cuneiform, Build: robust, Color : unicolored. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons, Agrilus pluvius sp. n. is very distinctive by the large size and it differs from all members of the subgroup by having the apical half of elytra more elongate; by the arcuate apical margin of pygidium and by the distinctly sinuate sternal groove on the apex of last ventrite. See also Appendix.Northeastern India, Meghalaya, southwest of Cherrapunjee, 25\u00b013'\u201314'N 91\u00b040'E, altitude 900 m.Holotype , \u2640, . It refers to the type locality which is known for the highest precipitation in the world.The specific name is Latin adjective urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A413050-3A7B-480A-9990-AE8CBA32019Dhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_pseudoambiguusVertex: Shape: marPageBreakkedly convex, Sculpture elements: rugae, Sculpture shape: semispherical or subparallel, Sculpture density: dense, Eyes: Size: small, Lower margin: in line or below with antennal socket, Medial orbit: converging ventrally, Antennae: Length: long, Width: slender, Serration: from antennomere 4, Antennomere 7-10 (shape): with obvious collum. PRONOTUM. Shape: visually square, Sides: slightly arcuate, rarely subangulate, Maximal width: at middle, Anterior margin: subequal to posterior or wider than posterior, Anterior lobe: Size: absent or vague, rarely moderate, Shape: arcuate, Position: at level with anterior angles, Posterior angles: Shape: rectangular, rarely acute, rarely obtuse, Apex: sharp, Disk: Impressions: medial and lateral, Medial impression: anteromedial and posteromedial, Lateral impressions (intensity): deep, Lateral impression (size): narrow, Prehumerus: Development: carinal, Shape: arcuate, Extent: to 1/3 of pronotal length, Anterior end: distant from lateral carina, Posterior end: joined with posterior angle or margin, Arc: moderate or weak, Lateral carinae: Convergence: moderately convergent, Junction: absent or present, Narrowest point: at posterior angles. ELYTRA. Color: dichromatic, Alternative color: apical portion, Apices: Arrangement: separate, Shape: arcuate, Pubescence: Color: monochromatic, Extent: entire ornamental, rarely entire ornamental with indication of stripes. STERNUM. Prosternal lobe: Distal margin: arcuate, Prosternal process: Shape: dilated or subparallel, Sides: straight, Angles: obtuse, Disc: flat, Projection (extend): distinctly beyond angles, Mesosternum: Mesosternal projection: flat. ABDOMEN. Pygidium: Apical margin: angulate, Sternal groove: Extent: on all ventrites or on three apical ventrites, Shape on the apex of last ventrite: arcuate, rarely arcuately sinuate, Emargination (deepness): very shallow. LEGS. Metatarsus: Size to metatibia: somewhat shorter as metatibia, Tarsomere 1: Size to following tarsomeres: subequal or longer than 2-4. GENITALIA. Aedeagus (Ovipositor: Shape: markedly elongate.BODY. Size: 5.9\u20138.1 mm (Holotype 8.1 mm).Shape: cuneiform, Color : bicolored, rarely unicolored, Sexual modifications in male: not apparent. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons, Aedeagus : SymmetrAgrilus picturatus sp. n., this new species differs by having the pronotum more transverse with sides slightly arcuate; by absent or vague pronotal lobe and by the smooth or very finely denticulate elytral apices. See also Appendix.From very similar 21\u00b009'N, 101\u00b019'E, Namtha - Muang Sing, 900\u20131200 m.Laos, Louang Namtha pr., 21\u00b009'N, 101\u00b019'E, Namtha - Muang Sing, 5\u201331.v.1997, 900\u20131200 m, Vit Kub\u00e1\u0148 leg.\u201d. Paratypes: 2 paratypes (EJCB) with the same data as holotype. 1 paratype (EJCB): \u201cLaos NE, Hua Phan prov., 20\u00b019'N, 104\u00b025'E, 25 km SE Vieng Xai (by road), Ban Kangpabong env., 14\u201318.v.2001, D. Hauck leg.\u201dHolotype , \u2642,  and the specific name ambiguus; it refers to the similarity of the species to Agrilus ambiguus.The specific name is derived from Greek prefix Obenberger, 1916http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_sordidulusAgrilus sordidulusAgrilus)  Obenberger, 1916 :Agrilus sordidulus can distinguished from the similar Agrilus occipitalis and Agrilus horniellus by the more robust body with the narrowing apical part of elytra shorter; by the head deeply, medially impressed and by the very deep medial pronotal impressions. See also Appendix.Size: 6.1\u20138.4 mm. 11\u00b022'N, 76\u00b056'E, Z. Kejval lgt.\u201d; 1 \u2642, 3 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cIndia S, Tamil Nadu, Nilgiris, 15 km SE of Kotagiri, Kunchappanai, 900 m, 11.22 N 76.56 E, 7\u201322.v.2000, leg. P. Pachol\u00e1tko\u201d; 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cIndia S, Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills, 11 km SE of Kotagiri, 1100\u00b1100 m, 11.24 N 76.56 E, Kunchappanai, leg. L. Dembick\u00fd, 3-15.v.2002\u201d.INDIA: Karnataka: 1 (CBCS): \u201cS. Coorg, S. India, Ammatti, 3100 ft, II.1952\u201d. Kerala: 2 \u2642 (EJCB): \u201cS India, Kerala, Thekkady Periyar Lake, 9.34 N, 77.10 E, 900\u20131000 m, 19-27. IV. 1997, Dembick\u00fd & Pachol\u00e1tko leg.\u201d. Tamil Nadu: 1 \u2642, 8 \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cS India, Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills, 15 km SE Kotagiri, near Kunchappanai, alt. 900 m, 13-20. V. 1994, Altitude range: 900\u20131200 m.2\u20134\u20135. Unknown.INDIA: Karnataka; Kerala; Tamil Nadu.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4298A27E-4E89-42F4-A989-AF7CC76DB545http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_tesselatusFrons: Shape: markedly convex, Vertex: Shape: markedly convex, Sculpture elements: rugae, Sculpture shape: semispherical, Eyes: Size: small, Shape: markedly protruding head outline, Lower margin: in line or below with antennal socket, Medial orbit: converging ventrally, Antennae: Length: short, Width: solid, Serration: from antennomere 5, Antennomere 7-10 (shape): without collum, Antennomere 7-10 (length): markedly wider than long. PRONOTUM. Shape: transverse, Sides: straight, Maximal width: at posterior margin, Anterior maPageBreakrgin: narrower than posterior or subequal to posterior, Anterior lobe: Size: obvious, Position: projecting beyond anterior angles, Posterior angles: Shape: obtuse, Apex: blunt, Disk: Convexity: strongly convex, Impressions: absent or medial and lateral, Medial impression: anteromedial and posteromedial, Lateral impressions (intensity): shallow, Lateral impression (size): narrow, Prehumerus: Development: carinal, Shape: straight, Anterior end: distant from lateral carina, Posterior end: distant from angles and margin, Lateral carinae: Convergence: moderately convergent, Junction: present, Narrowest point: at posterior angles, Scutellum: Disc: impressed, Scutellar carina: obsolete or absent. ELYTRA. Color: monochromatic, Humeral carina: absent, Apices: Arrangement: separate, Shape: subtruncate, Truncation: transverse, Pubescence: Color: monochromatic, Extent: entire ornamental. STERNUM. Prosternal lobe: Distal margin: angulately emarginate, Delimitation: angulate, Emargination (width): wide, Prosternal process: Shape: subparallel, Sides: straight, Angles: rectangular, Angles (tips): blunt, Disc: flat, Projection (extend): distinctly beyond angles, Mesosternum: Mesosternal projection: flat. ABDOMEN. Tomentum: absent, Pygidium: Apical margin: arcuate, Sternal groove: Extent: on apical ventrite, Shape on the apex of last ventrite: angulately sinuate, Emargination (width): markedly wide. LEGS. Metatarsus: Size to metatibia: distinctly shorter than metatibia, Tarsomere 1: Size to following tarsomeres: longer than 2-3 but shorter than 2-4. GENITALIA. Ovipositor: Shape: square (uritiform).BODY. Size: 9.9 mm (Holotype).Shape: subparallel, Build: robust, Posterior tapering part: short with broad apex, Color : unicolored. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons, Agrilus occipitalis species-group mainly by characters given for the subgroup definition. See also Appendix.The very distinctive species which differs from all other members of NorthVietnam, Tonkin, Ninh Binh province, Cuc-Phuong national park, 20\u00b018'N, 105\u00b039'00\"E.Holotype , \u2640, (EJC5.Unknown.VIETNAM: Ninh Binh.tesselatus (checkered). It refers to the elytral pubescence of the species.The specific name is the Latin adjective Kerremans, 1895http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_tonkineusAgrilus tonkineusAgrilus) PageBreakblatteiceps Bourgoin, 1925 (Agrilus) tonkineus) \u2013 tonkineus) \u2013 tonkineus) \u2013 tonkineus; world catalog) \u2013 tonkineus). Kerremans, 1895 : \u201cShunchang Fujian, 27.iv.1979, Shicheng Ji leg\u201d. Hainan: 1 \u2640 (USNM): \u201cHainan Is, Woh Hau Chuen, E of Nodoa, Jul 3, 1929\u201d; 1 \u2640 (MNHN): \u201cHainan, Hu...[illegible], G. Ros leg. 23.v.[19]36\u201d. Yunnan: 1 (IZAS): \u201cYunnan Xishuangbanna Menghun, 1200-1400m, 28.iv.1958, C. P. Hong leg. [in Chinese]\u201d; 1 (IZAS): \u201cYunnan Xishuangbanna Mengsong, 1600m, 28.iv.1958, S. Y. Wang leg. [in Chinese]\u201d; 1 (IZAS): \u201cYunnan Xishuangbanna Damenglong, 650m, 11.iv.1958, L. Y. Zheng leg. [in Chinese]\u201d. For further records see Altitude range: 420\u20131600 m.4\u20135\u20136\u20137. Unknown.CHINA: Fujian; Hainan; Yunnan. LAOS: Borikhamxai; Louang Namtha; Vientiane; Xaignabouri; Xiangkhoang. VIETNAM: Ha Noi; Ha Tay; Hoa Binh.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:46090B44-156C-4387-BADF-35E4F03F81E4http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_trepanatusVertex: Sculpture elements: rugae, Sculpture shape: semispherical, Sculpture density: dense, Eyes: Size: small, Lower margin: in line or below with antennal socket, Medial orbit: subparallel, Antennae: Length: long, Width: slender, Serration: from antennomere 4, Antennomere 7-10 (shape): with obvious collum. PRONOTUM. Shape: visually square, Sides: slightly arcuate, Maximal width: at middle, Anterior margin: subequal to posterior, Anterior lobe: Size: moderate or obvious,PageBreak Shape: arcuate, Position: at level with anterior angles, Posterior angles: Shape: obtuse or rectangular, Apex: sharp, Disk: Convexity: strongly convex, Impressions: medial and lateral, Medial impression: anteromedial and posteromedial, Prehumerus: Development: carinal, Shape: arcuate or bisinuate, Extent: to 1/2 of pronotal length or to 1/3 of pronotal length, Modifications: with rudiment at anterior angle, Anterior end: distant from lateral carina, Posterior end: joined with posterior angle or margin, Arc: moderate, Lateral carinae: Interspace: narrow, Convergence: moderately convergent, Junction: absent, rarely present, Narrowest point: at posterior 1/5-1/4 of marginal carina, Modifications: submarginal carina posteriorly obliterate. ELYTRA. Color: monochromatic, Humeral carina: absent, Apices: Arrangement: separate, Shape: arcuate, Pubescence: Color: monochromatic, Extent: entire ornamental with indication of stripes. STERNUM. Prosternal lobe: Size: large, Distal margin: arcuate, Prosternal process: Shape: dilated or subparallel, Sides: straight, Angles: obtuse, Angles (tips): blunt, Disc: flat, Projection (extend): distinctly beyond angles, Mesosternum: Mesosternal projection: flat. ABDOMEN. Pygidium: Apical margin: arcuate, Sternal groove: Extent: on three apical ventrites, Shape on the apex of last ventrite: arcuate or arcuately sinuate, Emargination (deepness): very shallow. LEGS. Metatarsus: Size to metatibia: distinctly shorter than metatibia, Tarsomere 1: Size to following tarsomeres: subequal or longer than 2\u20134. GENITALIA. Ovipositor: Shape: markedly elongate.BODY. Size: 10.2\u201312.7 mm (Holotype 12.7 mm).Shape: subparallel, Build: robust, Posterior tapering part: short with broad apex, Color : bicolored. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons, Agrilus trepanatus sp. n. can be distinguished from all species of the group by the large body; by the strikingly bicolor dorsal side and by the head obviously deeply impressed medially. See also Appendix.75\u00b050'E, 12\u00b013'N, altitude 500 m.South India, Karnataka state, Coorg district, northeastern Virajpet, 75\u00b050'E, 12\u00b013'N, ca 500m, 4\u20138.vi.1999, Z. Kejval & M. Tr\u00fdzna leg.\u201d. Paratypes: 1 paratype, \u2640 (EJCB): \u201cIndia, Karnataka, 12 km SW Yellapur, 7.vii-14.viii.84, B. Gill FIT 500 m\u201d.Holotype , \u2640,  in Latinized form trepano. It refers to the conspicuously impressed head of this species.The specific name is an adjective derived from the Greek verb urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A12BB28B-30FB-4AC7-8D0A-99F504EA8221http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_umrongsoVertex: Shape: markedly convex, Sculpture elements: rugae, PageBreakSculpture shape: semispherical, Sculpture density: dense, Eyes: Size: small, Lower margin: in line or below with antennal socket, Medial orbit: converging ventrally, Antennae: Serration: from antennomere 4. PRONOTUM. Shape: transverse, Sides: slightly arcuate, Maximal width: at middle or at posterior margin, Anterior margin: subequal to posterior, Anterior lobe: Size: moderate, Shape: arcuate, Position: at level with anterior angles or projecting beyond anterior angles, Posterior angles: Shape: obtuse, Apex: sharp, Disk: Impressions: medial and lateral, Medial impression: anteromedial and posteromedial, Prehumerus: Development: carinal, Shape: bisinuate, Extent: to 1/3 of pronotal length, Anterior end: distant from lateral carina, Posterior end: distant from angles and margin, Arc: weak, Lateral carinae: Convergence: moderately convergent, Junction: present, Narrowest point: at posterior angles. ELYTRA. Color: monochromatic, Humeral carina: absent, Apices: Arrangement: separate, Shape: arcuate, Pubescence: Color: monochromatic, Density: dense, Extent: entire ornamental with indication of stripes. STERNUM. Prosternal lobe: Size: large, Distal margin: arcuately emarginate, Emargination (width): narrow, Prosternal process: Shape: subparallel, Sides: straight, Angles: obtuse, Angles (tips): blunt, Disc: flat, Projection (extend): distinctly beyond angles, Mesosternum: Mesosternal projection: flat. ABDOMEN. Tomentum: present, Pygidium: Apical margin: arcuate, Sternal groove: Extent: on three apical ventrites, Shape on the apex of last ventrite: arcuate. LEGS. Metatarsus: Size to metatibia: distinctly shorter than metatibia, Tarsomere 1: Size to following tarsomeres: longer than 2-3 but shorter than 2-4. GENITALIA. Ovipositor: Shape: markedly elongate.BODY. Size: 12 mm (Holotype).Shape: cuneiform, Posterior tapering part: long with narrow apex, Color : unicolored. HEAD. Medial impression: deep, Epistoma: raised above frons, Agrilus umrongso sp. n. can be distinguished from the very close Agrilus perroti by the head much more deeply impressed medially; by the apically arcuate pygidium and by the distinctly emarginate prosternal lobe. See also Appendix.25\u00b027'N, 92\u00b043'E.Northeastern India, Assam, 5 km north of Umrongso, altitude 700 m, 25\u00b027'N, 92\u00b043'E, 17.\u201325.v., Dembick\u00fd & Pachol\u00e1tko leg.\u201d.Holotype , \u2640,  PageBreak Kurosawa, 1957 : \u201cCor\u00e9e, Mirinai, Chass. indig\u00e8nes\u201d. For further records see 5\u20136\u20137.Fagara (=Zanthoxylum) ailanthoides; Fagara mantchurica: CHINA: Liaoning; Nei Mongol; Taiwan. JAPAN: Honshu; Kyushu; Ryukyu isl. (Okinawa incl.); Shikoku; Tsushima. KOREA NORTH. KOREA SOUTH.Li Meng Lou, 1989http://species-id.net/wiki/Agrilus_zanthoxylumiAgrilus zanthoxylumiAgrilus)  Li Meng Lou, 1989 . Type specimens not found. Described from unknown number of specimens. See also Remarks.See PageBreakx.See 5\u20136.Zanthoxylum: Li Meng Lou (1989); Zanthoxylum bungeanum: CHINA: Gansu; Hubei; Shaanxi; Shandong; Yunnan; Zhejiang.Remarks.The authorship of the name zanthoxylumi had changed several times. Agrilus zanthoxylumi has probably not been fixed."}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author is incorrect. The correct name is: Catarina Milheiri\u00e7o. The correct Citation is: Kim C, Mwangi M, Chung M, Milheiri\u00e7o C, de Lencastre H, et al. (2013) The Mechanism of Heterogeneous Beta-Lactam Resistance in MRSA: Key Role of the Stringent Stress Response. PLoS ONE 8(12): e82814. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082814."}
{"text": "Danio rerio.\" The word \"Organogenesis\" was spelled incorrectly in the title. The correct title is: \"Sfrp5 Modulates Both Wnt and BMP Signaling and Regulates Gastrointestinal Organogenesis in the Zebrafish, Danio rerio. PLoS ONE 8(4): e62470. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062470. The correct citation is: Stuckenholz C, Lu L, Thakur PC, Choi T-Y, Shin D, et al. (2013) Sfrp5 Modulates Both Wnt and BMP Signaling and Regulates Gastrointestinal Organogenesis in the Zebrafish,"}
{"text": "The fifth author's name was misspelled. The correct name is: Noemi Fusaki. The correct citation is: Nishishita N, Shikamura M, Takenaka C, Takada N, Fusaki N, et al. (2012) Generation of Virus-Free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Clones on a Synthetic Matrix via a Single Cell Subcloning in the Na\u00efve State. PLoS ONE 7(6): e38389. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038389"}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Jan A. L. van Kan. The correct citation is: Siegmund U, Heller J, van Kan JAL, Tudzynski P (2013) The NADPH Oxidase Complexes in Botrytis cinerea: Evidence for a Close Association with the ER and the Tetraspanin Pls1. PLoS ONE 8(2): e55879. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055879"}
{"text": "The was an error in presentation of the name of the fourth author.The correct author name is: Michael J. SmerdonThe correct citation is: Ghosh-Roy S, Das D, Chowdhury D, Smerdon MJ, Chaudhuri RN (2013) Rad26, the Transcription-Coupled Repair Factor in Yeast, Is Required for Removal of Stalled RNA Polymerase-II following UV Irradiation. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72090. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072090"}
{"text": "Joshua Burns is incorrectly omitted from the author byline. He should be listed as the fifth author and affiliated with institution number 1. The contributions of this author are as follows: Analyzed the data.The correct Citation is: Rasmussen JM, Entringer S, Nguyen A, van Erp TGM, Burns J, et al. (2013) Brown Adipose Tissue Quantification in Human Neonates Using Water-Fat Separated MRI. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77907. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077907"}
{"text": "The 4th author's name is misspelled. The correct spelling is: Sung Eun Lee. The correct citation is: Chang K-A, Kim JW, Kim Ja, Lee SE, Kim S, et al. (2011) Biphasic Electrical Currents Stimulation Promotes both Proliferation and Differentiation of Fetal Neural Stem Cells. PLoS ONE 6(4): e18738. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018738."}
{"text": "AbstractBolboceras inaequale group of species is discussed. The group as here conceived comprises three species in the Indian subcontinent: Bolboceras inaequale Westwood, 1848 , and two new species: Bolboceras duplicatum, and Bolboceras orissicum, both from India. All three are keyed, diagnosed, and illustrated; variability and potential taxonomic obstacles are briefly discussed.The taxonomy of the  Bolboceras Kirby, 1819 . The list of material examined under Bolboceras inaequale follows the original label texts. Specimens and body parts are pictured as is \u2013 no remounting, to prevent damage.For more information on The material on which this study is based comes from the collections listed hereafter. I most gratefully acknowledge the patient collaboration of the staff concerned.The Natural History Museum, London, UKBMNHBernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, USABPBMInstitut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, BelgiumIRSNBMus\u00e9e d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, SwitzerlandMHNGMus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FranceMNHNUniversity Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UKOUMNHNaturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, NetherlandsRMNHSenckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, GermanySMFStaatliches Museum f\u00fcr Tierkunde, Dresden, GermanySMTDNational Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USAUSNMZoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, GermanyZMHBPageBreakGroup characters. Upright conical-triangular discoparamedian tubercles on pronotum distinct, more or less approximated, connected by variably wide transverse saddle (watch out for minor morphs); major specimens with broad, well defined discomedian concavity situated (largely) behind these tubercles  \u2013 minor specimens with similar, more superficial ornamentation; discomedian concavity on either side separated from discolateral concavity by variably elevated saddle (connecting discoparamedian tubercles to posterior disc). Outline of clypeus subtrapeziform ; clypeal surface inside perimarginal ridges without protrusion(s).Bolboceras duplicatum). Sexual dimorphism absent or slight. Colour lighter or darker brown, no colour pattern. Body length usually 9\u201314 mm (5.5\u201315 mm in other Bolboceras groups).Frons with long, distinct, transverse interocular ridge (may reach paraocular ridges on either side). Canthus protuberant, distal tip beyond protuberance arching backward, not reaching temporal area behind eye. Pronotum with set of four distinct tubercles transversely arranged; pronotal base distinctly, completely marginate (ridged). Elytra with 7 shallow punctate striae between suture and humeral umbone, stria 1 ending at sinuate lateral edge of scutellum, stria 2 somewhat effaced near basal scutellar angle, striae 3-7 usually reaching elytral base. Elytral interstrial surface (on cross-section) flat or very slightly convex. Mesocoxae separated by metasternal lobe, intervening space without recurved anterior hook or other isolated protrusions. Antennal lamellae unmodified . Abdominal tip unmodified. Aedeagus with complex median apparatus between (more or less membraneous) parameres; median apparatus usually with pair of sclerotized movable lateral stalks, each just inside parameral sheath ; 1952: 24 (description), pl. IV: figs 14, 14a.Bolboceras inaequale : Indobolbus inaequalis : Bolboceras inaequale : Syntype, unsexed, from \u201cCentr Ind \\ [J.B.] Hearsey\u201d (handwritten), and two more specimens from Westwood\u2019s collection.Non-type material (specimens without data excluded). Bangladesh: Dhaka: Dacca [Dhaka], ex Pascoe coll., 1 spm., in BMNH. Dinajpur: Dhanjuri, v/1963, Mapelli, 2 spm., in MHNG. vi/1963, Mapelli, 2 spm., in MHNG. Rajshahi: Andharkota, vii/1963, Mapelli, 1 spm., in MHNG.PageBreakPageBreakGhosh, underground, 1 spm., in BMNH. 15/viii/1908, RDD, at light, 1 spm., in BMNH. 20/viii/1919, Austin GD, 1 spm., in BMNH. 08/ix/1912, NML, 1 spm., in BMNH. 27/ix/1915, Bahadur U, at light, 1 spm., in BMNH. 04/ix/1915, Bahadur U, at light, 1 spm., in BMNH. 04/x/1915, Bahadur U, at light, 1 spm., in BMNH. 18/xi/1920, Sarkar SC, 1 spm., in BMNH. Tamil Nadu: Madras , ex Felsche coll., 2 spm., in SMTD. Uttar Pradesh: Allahabad, ex Bowring coll., 1 spm., in BMNH. Sitapur, HGC [Champion HG], 4 spm., in BMNH. West Bengal: Calcutta [Kolkata], 1 spm., in BMNH. Kalkutta [Kolkata], ex Felsche coll., 5 spm., in SMTD.India: Bihar: Buxar, ex Felsche coll., 1 spm., in SMTD. Chapra, Mackenzie, 6 spm., in BMNH. Pusa, 03/viii/1926, Pillai, at light, 1 spm., in BMNH. Pusa, 1913, Fletcher TB, 1 spm., in BPBM. 19/vi/1911, TMH, 1 spm., in BMNH. 30/vii/1915, Bahadur U, at light, 1 spm., in BMNH. 28/vii/1928, Sarkar SC, 1 spm., in BMNH. 20/vii/1908, TNS, at light, 1 spm., in BMNH. 24/vii/1919, Austin GD, verandah 1-10 PM, 1 spm., in BMNH. 08/vii/1915, at light, 1 spm., in BMNH. 12/vii/1915, at light, 1 spm., in BMNH. 05/vii/1924, Mukerjee, 1 spm., in BMNH. 31/vii/1918, Bengal: unspecified, Parish HM, 1 spm., in BMNH. unspecified, ex Gillet coll., 1 spm., in IRSNB.India: \u201cInde\u201d, unspecified, ex Boucomont coll., 1 spm., in MNHN. unspecified, 1 spm., in USNM.Total 47 males and females, 33 collection records, and Westwood\u2019s material.Ridge (or saddle) separating discomedian and discolateral concavities on pronotum narrow, lowered in relation to surrounding discal surface; discoparamedian tubercles approximated (connected by saddle), their tip subacute; discolateral concavity in major males extending down, onto anterolateral surface. Posterior edge of discomedian concavity usually distinctly W-shaped in major individuals, in minors the pronotal ornamentation may be only just distinct (in oblique view); bottom of concavities more or less sericeous. Interocular ridge low, not reaching paraocular ridge on either side, situated between posterior part of eyes. Anterolateral corners of clypeus usually protuberant . Scutellum usually closely punctate. Intermesocoxal lobe of metasternum anteriorly with arcuate ridge. Aedeagus  with acuBolboceras inaequale of 7\u201312 mm.There are small individuals (minors) from Northeast India and Bangladesh  cannot be considered the holotype, as there are two more historical specimens having the usual large  rhomboid label with PageBreak\u201cW\u201d , one of them with this label only. The specimen here qualified as syntype has a curatorial label of the 1960s, indicating its registration as Coleoptera type 516, plus additional post-Westwood labels. The three PageBreakspecimens are considered conspecific, and consequently, at this moment, an explicit lectotype designation appears unnecessary.Note the recent retransfer of this species from India (southern occurrences to be confirmed), Bangladesh; northern sub-Saharan Africa (needs confirmation).urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DDE7EE13-C2C5-4187-9CF5-1B290729ACDEhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Bolboceras_duplicatumHolotype male (RMNH) from South India: Madras [Chennai], x.1975, T.R.S. Nathan.Bolboceras: with blunt, membraneous parameres, the median apparatus lacking projecting sclerotized lateral stalks. Colour uniformly medium-brown. Body relatively large (length assumed roughly 10\u201311 mm).Saddle separating discomedian from discolateral concavities on pronotum short, thick, slightly lowered in relation to surrounding surface; discoparamedian tubercles approximated, but less than in the preceding species; discolateral concavity in no way extending onto anterolateral pronotal declivity. Interocular transverse ridge low, reaching paraocular ridge on either side, about halfway eye. Posterior edge of discomedian concavity only vaguely W-shaped. Pronotal tubercles with rounded tip. Anterolateral corners of clypeus appearing not strongly protuberant. Scutellum sparsely, finely punctate. Aedeagus unusual for . Body length ca 11.5 mm. Colour uniformly medium-brown, shiny .Labrum with vaguely emarginate anteromedian border, transverse ridge on coarsely punctate upper surface distinct. Clypeal surface with supra-anterolateral angles distinct, not raised (worn), intervening transverse anterior ridge very slightly convex in full-face view, almost straight; lateral perimarginal ridges distinct, moderately evenly curved, genal angle distinct. Clypeus densely, unevenly, distinctly punctate, frons abundantly, more finely punctate; secondary punctation on frons sparse. Anterior edge of eye canthus thickened-raised to slight arcuate-raised edge of short distal lobe; surface coarsely rugulate-punctate; paraocular ridge distinct, starting at genal angle, virtually straight, extending posteriorly along eye. Transverse interocular elevation situated halfway to eyes , long, low, distinctly reaching paraocular ridges, its lateral slope slight, crest narrow, unmodified, lateral angle obsolete on either end .PageBreakPageBreakrior declivity), posterior edge slightly bisinuate ; discolateral concavity deep, posterior edge rounded, anteriorly delimited by crowdedly, coarsely punctate patch behind eyes; saddle from discoparamedian tubercle to posterior disc broad, slightly lowered; bottom of discal concavities more or less matt; basomedian surface with sparsely punctate midline impression; anterolateral angle of marginal pronotal ridge ca 100\u02da (full-face view). Pronotal surface with double punctation, primary punctation (size variable) laterally generally abundant; secondary punctation sparse, minute. Pronotal base broadly marginate, lined with row(s) of fine punctures. Scutellum with scattered, sparse double punctation.Pronotum anteromedially steeply declivous, shortly depressed at base , outline of marginate (raised) anterior border convex ; discoparamedian and discolateral protrusions on pronotum distinctly protuberant, their tip rounded, particularly in discoparamedians ; discomedian concavity very distinct, broad, largely situated behind closely set discoparamedian tubercles . Elytral interstriae (on cross-section) very slightly convex, vaguely, sparsely, micropunctate.Intercoxal anterior lobe of metasternum simply truncate in front.Protibia with 6 external denticles (tips worn off); apex unmodified, with robust, complanate, slightly tapering spur. Outher side of meso- and metatibiae with bilobate apical and one complete anteapical fossorial elevation (their crest fringed with fine spines).Aedeagus, Measurements of body parts. Median length of head  2.5 mm, width 3.6 mm. Median length of pronotum  4.2 mm, maximum width 7.1 mm. Median length of scutellum 1.2 mm, maximum width 1.4 mm. Sutural length of elytra  4.1 mm, maximum width combined 7.2 mm. Width of genital capsule 1.20 mm.Only one male seen \u2013 beware of possibly deceptive polymorphism.Southeast India.Name refers to its similarity to the preceding species.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:64EA91B5-7AB9-4EE0-BAF7-33C24FCB6BE3http://species-id.net/wiki/Bolboceras_orissicumHolotype male  from India: [Orissa:] Ganjam: Surada [also spelled Sorada], H. Donckier. Male and female paratypes (SMF) from [India: Jharkhand:] \u201cBurju \\ Bengal\u201d.PageBreakposterior part of eyes, low, not reaching paraocular ridge on either side. Anterolateral corners of clypeus strongly protuberant . Scutellum usually abundantly punctate. Aedeagus with narrow, acuminate parameres, median apparatus with pair of strongly sclerotized lateral stalks, their tip very broadly recurved-hooked. Colour uniformly light-brown. Body length roughly 12.5\u201313.5 mm.Saddle separating discomedian and discolateral concavities on pronotum very short, broad, not lowered in relation to surrounding discal surface, discoparamedian tubercles distinctly separated by anterior part of discomedian concavity between them; discolateral concavity quasi-extending onto shallowly concave anterolateral corner; posterior edge of discolateral concavity well defined, \u201cswollen\u201d near saddle with discomedian concavity . Posterior edge of discomedian concavity virtually rounded. Interocular transverse ridge situated between . Body length ca 13 mm. Colour uniformly light-brown, shiny, certain parts sericeous.Labrum with emarginate anteromedian border, transverse ridge on rugulate upper surface fine, distinct. Clypeal surface with supra-anterolateral angles distinctly raised, dentate, intervening ridge concave in axial view, straight in full-face view; lateral perimarginal ridges distinct, strongly evenly curved, genal angle distinct. Clypeus densely punctate, remainder of head surface abundantly, evenly, distinctly punctate, primary punctures interspersed with fine secondary punctation being denser behind interocular ridge. Anterior edge of eye canthus raised to slight anterolateral angle, thence arcuate along edge of distal lobe; surface coarsely rugulate; paraocular ridge distinct, fine issuing from genal angle, virtually straight, extending posteriorly along eye. Transverse interocular elevation between posterior part of eyes, long, low, not reaching paraocular ridges, lateral slope slight, crest fine, unmodified, lateral angle obtuse on either end . Much of head surface subsericeous.Pronotum anteromedially steeply declivous, outline of marginate (raised) anterior border slightly convex ; discoparamedian and discolateral protrusions on pronotum distinctly protuberant, subrectangular , their tip rounded; discomedian concavity very distinct, evenly concave, broad, anterior part situated between discoparamedian tubercles (not continuing over anterior declivity), posterior edge broadly rounded ; discolateral concavity deep, posterior edge sinuate; anteriorly, at bottom, delimited by crowdedly, coarsely punctate patch behind eyes; saddle from discoparamedian tubercle to posterior disc very short, not lowered; bottom of discal concavities and anterior declivity subsericeous; basomedian surface glossy, with abundantly, finely punctate midline impression; anterolateral angle of marginal pronotal ridge ca 100\u02da (full-face view). Pronotal surface with double punctation, primary punctation (size variable) laterally generally abundant, denser on anterior declivity; secondary punctation sparse, minute. Pronotal base broadly marginate, lined with numerous punctures. Scutellum with abundant, double punctation.Intercoxal anterior lobe of metasternum simply truncate in front.Elytra with discal striae shallowly impressed, finely punctate; punctures separated by 2-3 puncture diameters, slightly crenulating interstriae. Elytral interstriae (on cross-section) very slightly convex, vaguely, sparsely, micropunctate.Protibia with 6 external denticles; apex unmodified, with robust, complanate, slightly tapering spur. Outer side of meso- and metatibiae with bilobate apical and one complete anteapical fossorial elevation (their crest fringed with fine spines).Aedeagus, PageBreak 4.6 mm, maximum width 8.2 mm. Median length of scutellum 1.1 mm, maximum width 1.4 mm. Sutural length of elytra  3.9 mm, maximum width combined 8.3 mm. Width genital capsule 1.35 mm.Measurements of body parts. Median length of head  2.6 mm, width (including eyes) 4.2 mm. Median length of pronotum Variation slight, but beware of possibly deceptive polymorphism (may be obvious in larger series).No obvious sexual dimorphism.Northeast India, apparently South of the Ganges.The place called Burju, origin of the paratypes, is mentioned in the list of \u201cpost-office pincodes\u201d in the Ranchi District of Jharkhand (India), and at the time of the collection of the SMF specimens there was a German mission school in the area, with staff sending specimens to German entomologists (around 1890\u20131910).Named after the type region."}
{"text": "AbstractHemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of Iran is present based mainly on the literature records since 1902. In total, 13 families and 275 species have been recorded and these are listed along with their locality data and host plants. The families are as follows: Asterolecaniidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Kermesidae, Margarodidae, Monophlebidae, Ortheziidae, Phoenicococcidae, Pseudococcidae, Putoidae and Rhizoecidae. The following ten species are recorded for the first time from Iran: Diaspidiotus lenticularis (Lindinger), Diaspidiotus wuenni (Lindinger), Fiorinia proboscidaria Green, Koroneaspis lonicerae Borchsenius, Eriococcus cingulatus Kiritchenko, Eriococcus pamiricus (Bazarov), Eriococcus reynei Schmutterer, Eriococcus sanguinairensis Goux and Eriococcus saxidesertus (Borchsenius) and Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko.A list of scale insects ( Coccoidea) are sap-sucking hemipterous insects with an estimated 8000 species within 49 families, of which 16 are only known from fossils (Sternorrhyncha superfamilies: aphids (Aphidoidea), whiteflies (Aleyrodoidea) and jumping plant lice (Psylloidea) PageBreak goes through \u201cprepupal\u201d and \u201cpupal\u201d stages and turns into an alate form with non-functional mouthparts  . The taxuthparts . The sizuthparts . HoweverAsterolecanium bornmuelleri (Asterolecaniidae), associated with its host plant Quercus persica , Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret), Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus), Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae (Signoret), Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus), Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer), Parlatoria blanchardi Targioni Tozzetii, Parlatoria oleae Colv\u00e9e, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), Lepidosaphes pistaciae Archangelskaya and Chlidaspis asiatica (Archangelskaya). Pulvinaria gossypii (Bodenheimer), and Epidiaspis salicis (Bodenheimer). Targionia anabasidis (Borchsenius) and Dynaspidiotus amygdalicola Borchsenius. Balachowsky between the years 1937 and 1967 made the greatest contribution to the taxonomy of diaspidids in Iran, and jointly worked with other Iranian entomologists to significantly improve the understanding of the scale insect fauna of the country. Kaussari was the first Iranian coccidologist to extensively revise the diaspidid fauna of Iran, between 1946 and 1970. Later contributions are those of Although the scale insects of Iran have been relatively well studied, there is still a strong need for further investigations, including extensive collections of these families in Iran. Historically, the first scale insect recorded from Iran was  persica . Lindingacia sp. . EarlierCoccoidea by Additional information has been gleaned from the various catalogues by Coccoidea for taxonomists and to update the recorded species from Iran. Only records in which Iran is specifically mentioned are cited.This present checklist is intended to facilitate access to the most recent data on Iranian Coccoidea recorded up to March, 2013 and includes 275 species in 113 genera and 13 families: Asterolecaniidae (seven species.), Cerococcidae (one species), Coccidae (30 species), Diaspididae (151 species), Eriococcidae (14 species), Kermesidae (two species), Margarodidae (seven species), Monophlebidae (five species), Ortheziidae (one species), Phoenicococcidae (one species), Pseudococcidae (54 species), Putoidae (one species) and Rhizoecidae (one species). New records from Iran are marked with asterisks include Diaspidiotus lenticularis (Lindinger), Diaspidiotus wuenni (Lindinger), Fiorinia proboscidaria Green, Koroneaspis lonicerae Borchsenius, Eriococcus cingulatus Kiritchenko, Eriococcus pamiricus (Bazarov), Eriococcus reynei Schmutterer, Eriococcus sanguinairensis Goux, Eriococcus saxidesertus (Borchsenius) and Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko.The list contains all species of Asterolecanium bornmuelleri R\u00fcbsaamen, Acanthomytilus kurdicus (Bodenheimer), Aspidaspis dentilobus Kaussari & Balachowsky, Chorizococcus viticola Kaydan & Koz\u00e1r, Chortinaspis salavatiani Balachowsky & Kaussari, Coccidohystrix burumandi Moghaddam, Contigaspis davatchii Kaussari, Contigaspis sarkissiani , Diaspidiotus baiati (Kaussari), Diaspidiotus iranicus Kaussari & Balachowsky, Diaspidiotus platychaetae Takagi & Moghaddam, Diaspis carmanica Davatchi & Balachowsky, Dynaspidiotus amygdalicola (Borchsenius), Dynaspidiotus medicus Kaussari, Eriococcus abaii (Danzig), Exallomochlus balouchestanensis Moghaddam, Melanaspis louristanus Balachowsky & Kaussari, Parlagena mckenziei Balachowsky, Parlagena remaudierei Kaussari, Peliococcus ilamicus Moghaddam, Phenacoccus betae Moghaddam, Phenacoccus iranica Moghaddam, Phenacoccus karkasicus Moghaddam, Phenacoccus salviacus Moghaddam, Polystomophora arakensis Moghaddam, Porphyrophora chelodonta Vahedi, Pseudotargionia orientalis Balachowsky & Kaussari, Rhodania aeluropi Williams & Moghaddam, Rungaspis avicenniae Takagi & Moghaddam, Spilococcus mirzayansi (Moghaddam), Targionia balachowskyi (Kaussari), Torosapis farsianus , These possibly endemic species are marked with black spots.The following 32 species are currently only known from Iran: Coccoidea by Rhizoecidae that follows The families are alphabetically ordered and are diagnosed based on the most recent classification of PageBreakCoccoidea collection, Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Tehran, Iran. Collections are also housed in the Natural History Museum, London, UK (BMNH); Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN); United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA (USNM); Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel (ICVI); Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZIRAS), Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey and Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, Germany (ZMUH).Slide-mounted specimens of most of the species are deposited in the PageBreak(Russell)Asterolecanium bellum Russell, 1941: 50.Unknown.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.(Russell)Asterolecanium minus Russell, 1941: 132.Fars, Golestan.Fagaceae: Quercus infectoria.(Bouch\u00e9)Lecanium quercicolaAsterolecanium quercicola Signoret, 1870. Bouch\u00e9, 1851: 112. Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Fars, Ilam, Kermanshah, Khouzestan, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.\u25cfR\u00fcbsaamenAsterolecanium bornmuelleri R\u00fcbsaamen, 1902: 316.Fars.Fagaceae: Quercus persica.PageBreakAsterolecanium bambusae Boisduval, 1869: 261.Gilan.Poaceae: Bambusa sp.(Ramachandra Rao)Asterolecanium phoenicis Ramachandra Rao, 1922: 11.Bushehr, Esfahan, Fars, Khorasan -e Jonoubi, Sistan & Balouchestan, Yazd.Arecaceae: Phoenix dactylifera.(Cockerell)Asterodiaspis pustulans Cockerell, 1892: 142.Unknown locality.Unknown plant.(Archangelskaya)Cerveoccus longipilosus Archangelskaya, 1930a: 81.Ilam, Lorestan, Yazd.Asteraceae: Lactuca orientalis.PageBreakCtenochiton haloxyloni Hall, 1926: 17.Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Esfahan, Semnan, Yazd.Amaranthaceae: Haloxylon sp., Noaea mucronata.(Nazonov)Pulvinaria orientalis Nasonov, 1908: 493.Esfahan, Hamadan, Golestan, Kerman, Khorasan -e Shomali, Sistan & Balouchestan.Amaranthaceae: Halocnemum strobilaceum, Haloxylon sp., Noaea mucronata, Salsola oppositifolia; Asteraceae: Achillea sp., Artemisia sp.; Rosaceae: Prunus lycioides; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.Acanthopulvinaria orientalis from the plant family Rosaceae.This is the first record for (Bodenheimer)Pulvinaria pistaciae Bodenheimer, 1926: 189.Hormozgan, Kerman, Khorasan -e Jonoubi, Sistan & Balouchestan, Yazd.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia khinjuk, Rhus coriaria; Juglandaceae: Juglans regia; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.Anapulvinaria pistaciae from the plant family Juglandaceae.This is the first record of (Bodenheimer)Lecanium (Eulecanium) racheli Bodenheimer, 1924: 68.Ilam, Kermanshah, Lorestan.PageBreakLamiaceae: Vitex cf. Pseudonegundo.ComstockCeroplastes floridensis Comstock, 1881: 331.Ardabil, Fars, Gilan, Mazandaran.Araliaceae: Hedera pastuchowii; Ebenaceae: Diospyros kaki; Moraceae: Ficus benjamina; Pinaceae: Cedrus sp.; Rosaceae: Cydonia oblonga; Rutaceae: Citrus sinensis; Taxodiaceae: Metasequoia glyptostroboides.Ceroplastes floridensis from plant families Moraceae and Taxodiaceae.These are the first records of (Linnaeus)Coccus rusci Linnaeus, 1758: 456.Fars, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Lorestan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Moraceae: Ficus carica.Del GuercioCeroplastes sinensis Del Guercio, 1900: 3.Gilan, Mazandaran.Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Rosaceae: Rosa sp.Ceroplastes sinensis from the plant family LythraceaeThis is the first record of LinnaeusCoccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758: 455.PageBreakElborz, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Khouzestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Sistan & Balouchestan, Tehran.Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander; Aquifoliaceae: Ilex sp.; Asparagaceae: Yucca baccata; Fabaceae: Alhagi camelorum, Cercis siliquastrum, Robinia pseudo-acacia; Lauraceae: Laurus nobilis; Lycopodiaceae: Lycopodium clavatum; Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Moraceae: Ficus benjamina, Ficus carica, Morus alba; Myrsinaceae: Cyclamen coum; Nyctaginaceae: Mirabilis jalapa; Rosaceae: Prunus armeniaca; Rutaceae: Citrus sinensis, Ulmaceae: Ulmus campestris.Coccus hesperidum from the plant families Aquifoliaceae, Asparagaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Moraceae and Rosaceae.These are the first records of (Kuwana)Lecanium (Eulecanium) pseudomagnoliarum Kuwana, 1914: 7.Golestan.Host plant.Rutaceae: Citrus sp.(Archangelskaya)Physokermes unifasciatus Archangelskaya, 1923: 265.Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Kermanshah, Markazi.Rosaceae: Prunus amygdalus, Prunus persica.(Boyer de Fonscolombe)Coccus festucae Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834: 216.Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Mazandaran, Zanjan.Poaceae.PageBreakBorchseniusEulecanium ficiphilum Borchsenius, 1955: 293.Azarbaijan -e Garbi.Unknown plant.(Archangelskaya)Lecanium rugulosum Archangelskaya, 1937: 46.Fars, Kermanshah.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia sp.; Betulaceae: Corylus avellana.Eulecanium rugulosum from the plant family Betulaceae.This is the first record of (Linnaeus)Coccus tiliaeEulecanium coryli Cockerell, 1901 (nomen nudum). Linnaeus, 1758: 456. Esfahan. Kerman, Kermanshah, Sistan & Balouchestan, Tehran.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia khinjuk; Rosaceae: Cydonia oblonga, Malus domestica, Prunus caspica, Prunus reutri.WilliamsExaeretopus tritici Williams, 1977: 281.Lorestan.Poaceae: Hordeum sp.PageBreak(Hadzibejli)Exaeretopus stipae Hadzibejli, 1960: 310.Kermanshah.Poaceae.(Signoret)Lecanium bituberculatumEulecanium bituberculatum Fernald, 1903 (nomen nudum). Signoret, 1873a: 414. Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Esfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah.Moraceae: Morus alba; Rosaceae: Crataegus azarollus, Malus domestica.Palaeolecanium bituberculatum from the plant family Moraceae.This is the first record of (Bouch\u00e9)Lecanium corniEulecanium corni Fernald, 1903. Bouch\u00e9, 1844: 298. Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Tehran.Betulaceae: Corylus avellana; Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior; Solanaceae: Solanum tuberosum.Parthenolecanium corni from the plant family Solanaceae.This is the first record of (Fabricius)Chermes persicaeLecanium persicae Bouch\u00e9, 1844. Fabricius, 1776: 304. Esfahan, Kermanshah, Tehran.Moraceae: Morus alba.PageBreakCockerellPulvinaria aurantiiChloropulvinaria aurantii Borchsenius, 1952. Cockerell, 1896: 19. Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran, Sistan & Balouchestan.Moraceae: Morus alba; Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava; Rutaceae: Citrus bigaradia, Citrus sinensis.Pulvinaria aurantii from the plant families Moraceae and Myrtaceae.These are the first records of (Westwood)Coccus flocciferusChloropulvinaria floccifera Borchsenius, 1952. Westwood, 1870: 308. Mazandaran, Gilan.Aquifoliaceae: Ilex spinigera; Rosaceae: Mespilus germanica.\u25cf(Bodenheimer)Filippia gossypii Bodenheimer, 1944: 89.Sistan & Balouchestan.Malvaceae: Gossypium sp.(Linnaeus)Coccus vitisPulvinaria betulae Signoret, 1873 Linnaeus, 1758: 455. Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Khorasan -e Razavi, Mazandaran, Tehran, Yazd.Betulaceae: Alnus sp.; Fabaceae: Robinia sp.; Moraceae: Ficus carica; Rosaceae: Pyrus communis; Salicaceae: Salix sp.; Vitaceae: Vitis persica.PageBreakPulvinaria vitis from the plant families Fabaceae and Moraceae.These are the first records of (Signoret)Pulvinaria artemisiaeRhizopulvinaria minima Borchsenius, 1952. Rhizopulvinaria virgulata Borchsenius, 1952. Signoret, 1873: 31. Ardabil, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Golestan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Yazd and Zanjan.Amaranthaceae: Noaea mucrunata; Asteraceae: Achillea sp., Echinops ritro, Carthamus oxyacantha; Fabaceae: Astragalus sp.; Rosaceae: Prunus scoparia.(Archangelskaya)Pulvinaria artemisiae turkestanica Archangelskaya, 1931: 81.Ardebil, Ilam, Kermanshah, Khorasan -e Shomali, Kordestan, Lorestan.Amaranthaceae: Noaea mucronata; Asteraceae: Carthamus oxyacantha.(Archangelskaya)Lecanium coryli turanicum Archangelskaya, 1937: 47.Unknown.Unknown plant.Lecanium coffeaeSaissetia hemisphaerica Hall, 1922. Walker, 1852: 1079. Gilan.PageBreakCelastraceae: Evonymus sp.; Cycadaceae: Cycas sp.(Olivier)Coccus oleae Olivier, 1791: 95.Gilan, Mazandaran, Tehran.Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander; Oleaceae: Olea europea.(Boyer de Fonscolombe)Coccus prunastriEulecanium prunastri Fernald, 1903. Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834: 211. Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Esfahan, Tehran, Yazd.Rosaceae: Prunus amygdalus, Prunus reuteri, Prunus scoparia, Prunus sp.(Newstead)Lichtensia ephedraeFilippia ephedrae Lindinger, 1912. Newstead, 1901: 83. Esfahan, Fars, Kerman, Yazd.Ephedraceae: Ephedra sp.Lepidosaphes intermittens Hall, 1924: 7.Sistan & Balouchestan.Poaceae.PageBreak\u25cf(Bodenheimer)Mytilococcus kurdicus Bodenheimer, 1943: 5.Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Hormozgan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Tehran.Aceraceae: Acer cinerascens; Fabaceae: Prosopis spicigera.(Maskell)Aspidiotus aurantii Maskell, 1879: 199.Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran, Tehran.Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Rosaceae: Amygdalus persica; Oleaceae: Olea europaea; Rutaceae: Citrus sinensis.Aonidiella aurantii from the plant family Lythraceae.This is the first record of (Coquillett)Aspidiotus citrinus Coquillett, 1891: 29.Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran.Cornaceae: Cornus sp.; Rutaceae: Citrus bigaradia, Citrus limetta.Aonidiella citrina from the plant family CornaceaeThis is the first record of PageBreak(Newstead)Aspidiotus orientalis Newstead, 1894: 26.Bushehr, Fars, Hormozgan, Khouzestan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica; Apocynaceae: Calotropis procera, Nerium oleander, Periploca aphylla; Arecaceae: Cocos nucifera, Phoenix dactylifera; Boraginaceae: Cordia myxa; Fabaceae: Albizia julibrissin, Ceratonia siliqua, Dalbergia sissoo, Prosopis spicigera, Tamarindus indica; Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Musaceae: Musa sapientum; Myrtaceae: Callistemon lophanthus, Myrtus communis, Psidium guajava, Syzygium aromaticum; Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus spina-christi; Rutaceae: Citrus bigaradia, Citrus limon, Citrus limetta, Citrus sinensis; Salicaceae: Salix sp.; Sapotaceae: Manilkara zapota; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix indica.Aonidiella orientalis from the plant family Tamaricaceae.This is the first record of \u25cfKaussari & BalachowskyAspidaspis dentilobus Kaussari & Balachowsky, 1953a: 99.Esfahan, Fars, Kerman, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad.Polygonaceae: Atraphaxis spinosa.SignoretAspidiotus destructor Signoret, 1869: 120.Khouzestan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Arecaceae: Nannorrhops ritchiana; Musaceae: Musa sapientum.PageBreakBouch\u00e9Aspidiotus nerii Bouch\u00e9, 1833: 52.Elborz, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Markazi, Golestan, Mazandaran, Tehran.Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander; Araliaceae: Hedera canariensis; Arecaceae: Phoenix sp.; Asparagaceae: Asparagus officinalis; Oleaceae: Olea europaea; Orchidaceae: Maxillaria, longipetala; Pinaceae: Pinus sp.; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.Aspidiotus nerii from the plant families Asparagaceae and Tamaricaceae.These are the first records of (Green)Diaspis phoenicis Green, 1922: 1014.Unknown.Unknown plant.(Bouch\u00e9)Aspidiotus rosae Bouch\u00e9, 1833: 53.Ardabil, Gilan, Mazandaran, Tehran.Rosaceae: Rosa sp., Rubus fruticosus.KaussariBalachowskiella salvadorae Kaussari, 1955a: 230\u2013232.Hormozgan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Salvadoraceae: Salvadora perisica.PageBreak(Bouch\u00e9)Carulaspis juniperiAspidiotus Juniperi Bouch\u00e9, 1851: 112.Unknown.Unknown plant.(Signoret)Diaspis carueliCarulaspis caruelii Borchsenius, 1966. Signoret, 1869d: 436. Golestan, Mazandaran.Cupressaceae: Cupressus sp., Thuja orientalis; Taxaceae: Taxus sp.Carulaspis minima from the plant family Taxaceae.This is the first record of (Schrank)Coccus visciDiaspis visci L\u00f6w, 1872. Schrank, 1781: 296. Tehran.Cuprassaceae: Thuja sp.LeonardiChionaspis etrusca Leonardi, 1908: 184\u2013186.Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Gilan, Kermanshah.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.PageBreakBalachowskyChionaspis lepineyiChionaspis parastigma Balachowsky, 1954. Balachowsky, 1928: 273\u2013277. Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Fars, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Ilam, Lorestan.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.(Linnaeus)Coccus salicisChionaspis polypora Borchsenius, 1949. Linnaeus, 1758: 456. Ardabil, Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Ilam, Mazandaran, Semnan, Tehran.BetulaceaeAlnus sp.; Fagaceae: Quercus sp.; Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior; Salicaceae: Populus nigra, Salix sp.(Archangelskaya)Chionaspis asiaticaChlidaspis prunorum Borchsenius, 1949. Phenacaspis prunorum Borchsenius, 1939. Tecaspis asiatica Balachowsky, 1954. Tecaspis prunorum Balachowsky, 1954. Voraspis adlei Balachowsky & Kaussari, 1955. Archangelskaya, 1930a: 93. Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Elborz, Esfahan, Fars, Hamadan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan -e Shomali, Kordestan, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Lorestan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Tehran, Yazd.Rosaceae: Malus domestica, Prunus amygdalus, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus domestica, Prunus lycioides, Prunus persica, Prunus scoparia, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus amygdaliformis and Pyrus communis.\u25cfBalachowsky & KaussariChortinaspis salavatiani Balachowsky & Kaussari, 1951: 2.Kermanshah, Sistan & Balouchestan.Poaceae.(Morgan)Aspidiotus dictyospermi Morgan, 1889: 352.Gilan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Zanjan.Apiaceae: Actinolema eryngioides; Arecaceae: Howea forsteriana, Phoenix sp.; Asparagaceae: Beaucarnea recurvata, Dracaena sp.; Buxaceae: Buxus hyrcana; Fabaceae: Robinia sp.; Moraceae: Ficus benjamina; Oleaceae: Olea europea; Pinaceae: Pinus sp.; Rutaceae: Citrus sinensis; Strelitziaceae: Strelitzia alba; Theaceae: Camellia sinensis.Chrysomphalus dictyospermi from the plant families Apiaceae and Asparagaceae.These are the first records of (Maskell)Diaspis pinnulifera Maskell, 1891: 4.Unknown.Unknown plant.Koz\u00e1r et al. (1996)\u25cfKaussariContigaspis davatchii Kaussari, 1959: 131\u2013134.Esfahan, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad.Amaranthaceae: Noaea mucronata; Asteraceae: Cousinia sp.PageBreakContigaspis davatchii from the plant family Amaranthaceae.This is the first record of Coccomytilus farsetiaeEremohallaspis farsetiae Balachowsky, 1954. Hall, 1926: 23\u201324. Artemisaspis farsetiae Borchsenius & Williams, 1963.Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Esfahan, Kerman, Khorasan -e Razavi, Sistan & Balouchestan.Amaranthaceae: Anabasis sp., Salsola sp., Seidlitzia rosmarinus; Asteraceae: Artemisia abrotanum; Polygonaceae: Atraphaxis spinosa, Calligonum comosum; Zygophyllaceae: Zygophyllum eurypterus.\u25cfParagadaspis sarkissiani Kaussari & Balachowsky in Esfahan, Golestan, Kerman, Yazd.Asteraceae: Artemisia sp.; Boraginaceae: Heliotropium sp.; Fabaceae: Astragalus sp.Contigaspis sarkissiani from the plant family Fabaceae.This is the first record of Pinnaspis zillae Hall, 1923: 27\u201328.Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Golestan, Hormozgan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Tehran.Amaranthaceae: Bassia prostrata; Borajinaceae: Heliotropium sp.; Fabaceae: Indigofera argentea; Lamiaceae: Thymus vulgaris; Rosaceae: Crataegus azarollus.PageBreakContigaspis zillae from the plant families Lamiaceae and Rosaceae.These are the first records of (Bodenheimer)Aonidia halli Bodenheimer, 1929: 104\u2013105.Kerman, Khorasan -e Shomali, Sistan & Balouchestan.Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.Cryptoparlatoreopsis halli from the plant family Lythraceae.This is the first record of Targionia meccae Hall, 1927: 263\u2013265.Sistan & Balouchestan.Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus spina-christi.Aonidia tlaiae Balachowsky, 1927: 200.Hormozgan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.PageBreak(Borchsenius)Aspidiotus armenicus Borchsenius, 1935: 132.Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Lorestan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Tehran.Salicaceae: Populus alba, Salix sp.\u25cf(Kaussari)Quadraspidiotus baiati Kaussari, 1958: 232.Ardabil, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Fars, Ilam, Khouzestan, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Lorestan.Ephedraceae: Ephedra sp.; Fabaceae: Astragalus sp.; Fagaceae: Castanea sativa; Thymelaeaceae: Daphne angustifolia.Diaspidiotus baiati from the plant families Ephedraceae and Fagaceae.These are the first records of (Borchsenius)Aspidiotus caucasicus Borchsenius, 1935: 130.Fars, Kerman, Khorasan -e Shomali, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Sistan & Balouchestan.Salicaceae: Salix sp.(Leonardi)Hemiberlesia cecconiiQuadraspidiotus cecconii Balachowsky, 1950. Leonardi, 1908: 188. Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Esfahan, Fars, Hamadan, Kerman, Kordestan.PageBreakAmaranthaceae: Noaea mucronata; Rosaceae: Cotoneaster vulgaris.Diaspidiotus cocconii from the plant family Rosaceae.This is the first record of (Borchsenius)Aspidiotus elaeagni Borchsenius, 1939: 35.Kermanshah, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.; Rosaceae: Prunus sp.Diaspidiotus elaeagni from the plant family Fagaceae.This is the first record of KaussariDiaspidiotus farahbakhchi Kaussari, 1955a: 235.Mazandaran.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.\u25cfKaussari & BalachowskyDiaspidiotus iranicus Kaussari & Balachowsky, 1953: 24.Esfahan, Fars, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan -e Shomali, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Sistan & Balouchestan.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.PageBreakBalachowskyDiaspidiotus kaussari Balachowsky, 1950a: 494 Aspidiotus (Hemiberlesia) laperrinei Balachowsky, 1929: 314.Sistan & Balouchestan.Polygonaceae: Calligonum sp.*(Lindinger)Aspidiotus lenticularis Lindinger, 1912: 149.Fars.Moraceae: Ficus carica.Diaspidiotus lenticularis from Iran, identified by B. Kaydan.This the first record of (Curtis)Aspidiotus ostreaeformisQuadraspidiotus ostreaeformis MacGillivray, 1921. Curtis, 1843a: 805. Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Mazandaran, Tehran.Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior.PageBreak(Comstock)Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock, 1881: 304.Ardabil, Gilan, Mazandaran.Cucurbitaceae: Citrullus vulgaris; Rosaceae: Malus domestica, Prunus sp., Rosa sp.; Salicaceae: Populus euramericana, Populus nigra.Diaspidiotus pernicosus from the plant family Cucurbitaceae.This is the first record of \u25cfTakagi & MoghaddamDiaspidiotus platychatae Takagi & Moghaddam, 2005: 54 (Misspelling of species name in Khouzestan.Asteraceae: Platychaeta mucroniflia.(Laing)Aspidiotus prunorum Laing, 1931: 99.Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Golestan, Hamadan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan -e Shomali, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Yazd.Asteraceae: Echinops ritro; Rosaceae: Malus domestica, Persica vulgaris, Prunus amygdalus, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus avium, Prunus cerasus, Prunus domestica, Prunus lycioides, Prunus persica, Amygdalus reuteriPrunus spinosa, Rosa sp.; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.Diaspidiotus prunorum from the plant family Tamaricaceae.This is the first record of (Lichtenstein)Aspidiotus pyriQuadraspidiotus pyri Lupo, 1948. Lichtenstein, 1881: lii. Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Khorasan -e Razavi.PageBreakRosaceae: Malus domestica, Prunus sp., Pyrus communis.(Green)Targionia slavonicaQuadraspidiotus slavonicus Green, 1934. Quadraspidiotus populi Bodenheimer, 1943. Green, 1934a: 95. Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Elborz, Golestan, Khorasan -e Shomali, Lorestan, Markazi, Sistan & Balouchestan.Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior; Salicaceae: Populus euphratica, Salix caprica.Diaspidiotus slavonicus from the plant family Oleaceae.This is the first record of (Marlatt)Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) transcaspiensis Marlatt, 1908: 21.Esfahan, Golestan, Kerman.Rosaceae: Cotoneaster kotschyi, Prunus armeniaca; Fagaceae: Quercus castaneifolia; Salicaceae: Populus sp.Diaspidiotus transcaspiensis from the plant family Rosaceae.This is the first record of (Borchsenius)Aspidiotus turanicus Borchsenius, 1935: 131.Elborz, Kerman, Khorasan -e Shomali, Lorestan, Tehran, Zanjan.Salicaceae: Populus sp., Salix sp.PageBreak*(Lindinger)Aspidiotus wuenni Lindinger, 1923: 147.Kermanshah.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.Diaspidiotus wuenni from Iran, identified by B. Kayadan.This is the first record of (Frauenfeld)Aspidiotus zonatus Frauenfeld, 1868: 888.Fars, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Kordestan.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.; Juglandaceae: Juglans regia; Moraceae: Ficus carica.SignoretDiaspis boisduvalii Signoret, 1869b: 432\u2013433.Gilan.Arecaceae: Chamaerops sp.\u25cfDavatchi & BalachowskyDiaspis carmanicus Davatchi & Balachowsky, 1956: 106\u2013109.Fars, Kerman.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia khinjuk.(Bouch\u00e9)Aspidiotus echinocactiDiaspis calyptroides Costa, 1829. Bouch\u00e9, 1833: 53. Tehran.PageBreakCactaceae: Opuntia sp.LindingerDiaspis syriaca Lindinger, 1912: 264.Kermanshah.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia khinjuk.(Borchsenius)Chionaspis graminella Borchsenius, 1949: 348.Ilam, Kerman.Poaceae: Phragmites australis.(Maskell)Chionaspis spartinae natalensisDuplachionaspis stanotophri Hall, 1946. Maskell, 1896: 390\u2013391. Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan.Poaceae: Cynodon dactylon, Phragmites sp.Chionaspis noaeae Hall, 1925: 13\u201314.Ardabil, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Hormozgan, Lorestan.Amaranthaceae: Noaea mucronata.PageBreak(Koroneos)Aspidiotus abieticola Koroneos, 1934: 9.Unknown.Pinaceae.(Schrank)Coccus abietis Schrank, 1781: 48.Mazandaran.Pinaceae: Pinus sp.\u25cf(Borchsenius)Diaspidiotus amygdalicola Borchsenius, 1952: 261.Fars, Ilam, Kerman, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Lorestan.Rosaceae: Prunus lycioides, Prunus reuteri, Prunus scoparia.Hemiberlesia atlantica Balachowsky, 1928: 125.Unknown.Araliaceae: Hedera helix.(Newstead)Aspidiotus britannicus Newstead, 1898: 93.Unknown.PageBreakAquifoliaceae: Ilex sp.; Araliaceae: Hedera helix; Asparagaceae: Ruscus aculeatus;Buxaceae: Buxus sp.; Lauraceae: Laurus nobilis.(Lindinger)Aspidiotus ephedrarumAbgrallaspis ephedrarum Balachowsky, 1948. Lindinger, 1912: 139. Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman, Semnan, Yazd.Ephedraceae: Ephedra sp.(Goux)Aspidiotus ericarum Goux, 1937: 345.Unknown.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia lentiscus; Ericaceae: Arbutus unedo; Myrtaceae: Myrtus communis.\u25cfKaussariDynaspidiotus medicus Kaussari, 1956: 102.Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan.Sameraria; Rutaceae: Haplophyllum sp.; Solanaceae: Withania somnifera.Cruciferae: Dynaspidiotus medicus from the plant family Solanaceae.This is the first record of \u25cfKaussariDynaspidiotus spartii Kaussari, 1954: 82.Gilan, Kermanshah.Fabaceae: Spartium junceum.PageBreak(Bazarov & Shmelev)Ephedraspis tenera Bazarov & Shmelev, 1967: 60.Golestan.Ephedraceae: Ephedra sp.(Leonardi)Diaspis gennadii Leonardi, 1898: 115.Ghazvin.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia vera.(Signoret)Diaspis leperii Signoret, 1869b: 437\u2013438.Tehran.Rosaceae.(Bodenheimer)Thymaspis salicis Bodenheimer, 1944a: 94\u201395.Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari.Salicaceae: Salix sp.PageBreak(Newstead)Parlatoria distinctissimaFiorinia afchari Bodenheimer, 1944. Newstead, 1896: 133\u2013134. Hormozgan, Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan.Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander, Periploca aphylla; Capparaceae: Capparis decidua; Solanaceae: Withania somnifera.Fiorinia distinctissima from the plant families Capparaceae and Solanaceae.These are the first records of BalachowskyFiorinia phoenicis Balachowsky, 1967: 771\u2013775.Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan.Arecaceae: Phoenix dactylifera.*GreenFiorinia proboscidaria Green, 1900: 256.Sistan & Balouchestan.Unknown plant.Fiorinia proboscidaria from Iran, identified by M. Moghaddam.This is the first record of (Green)Odonaspis penicillata Green, 1905: 346.Gilan.Poaceae: Bambusa sp.PageBreak\u25cfAbgrallaspis kaussarii Balachowsky, 1959: 211.Semnan, Tehran.Unknown plant.(Signoret)Aspidiotus lataniae Signoret, 1869: 124.Gilan, Mazandaran, Sistan & Balouchestan.Buxaceae: Buxus hyrcana; Fabaceae: Inga edulis; Lauraceae: Persea americana.(Comstock)Aspidiotus rapaxAspidiotus camelliae Signoret, 1869 (nomen nudum). Hemiberlesia camelliae Leonardi, 1897 (nomen nudum). Comstock, 1881: 307. Gilan, Mazandaran, Sistan & Balouchestan.Celastraceae: Euonymus japonicus; Fabaceae: Robinia sp.; Moraceae: Ficus sp.; Oleaceae: Olea europea.(Koroneos)Lepidosaphes aegilopos Koroneos, 1934: 74\u201375.Fars, Kermanshah, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.PageBreak*BorchseniusKoroneaspis lonicerae Borchsenius, 1949a: 343\u2013344.Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Fars, Kerman, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad.Caprifoliaceae: Lonicera sp.Koroneaspis lonicerae from Iran, identified by M. Moghaddam.This is the first record of (Cooley)Chionaspis howardi Cooley, 1898: 88\u201389.Mazandaran.Poaceae: Bambusa sp.BorchseniusLepidosaphes afganensis Borchsenius, 1962: 861.Unknown.Unknown plant.(Newman)Coccus beckii Newman, 1869: 217\u2013218.Mazandaran.Buxaceae: Buxus hyrcana; Rutaceae: Citrus sinensis; Theaceae: Camellia sinensis.Lepidosaphes beckii from the plant family Buxaceae.This is the first record of PageBreakBalachowskyLepidosaphes belutchistanusMytilaspis belutchistanus Borchsenius, 1963. Balachowsky, 1954: 75\u201377. Hormozgan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Kerman.Acanthaceae: Avicenniae officinalis; Arecaceae: Nannorrhops ritchiana; Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander, Periploca aphylla; Fabaceae: Acacia sp., Prosopis spicigera.Lepidosaphes belutchistana from the plant families Acanthaceae and Arecaceae.These are the first records of (Gmelin)Coccus conchiformisLepidosaphes ficus Fernald, 1903. Lepidosaphes minima Fernald, 1903. Mytilaspis conchiformis Signoret, 1870. Gmelin, 1790: 2221. Esfahan, Fars, Ghazvin, Golestan, Kerman, Khorasan -e Jonoubi, Sistan & Balouchestan, Tehran.Elaeagnaceae: Elaeagnus angustifolia; Juglandaceae: Juglans regia; Moraceae: Ficus carica; Ulmaceae: Ulmus campestris.(Packard)Aspidiotus gloverii Packard, 1869: 527.Gilan, Mazandaran.Rutaceae: Citrus spp.KoroneosLepidosaphes conchiformis granati Koroneos, 1934: 72\u201373.PageBreakEsfahan, Khorasan -e Jonoubi.Elaeagnaceae: Eleagnus sp.BalachowskyLepidosaphes janguai Balachowsky, 1954: 82\u201383.Sistan & Balouchestan.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.LindingerLepidosaphes juniperiMytilococcus juniperi Bodenheimer, 1943. Lindinger, 1912: 188. Hamadan, Tehran.Cupressaceae: Juniperus communis, Thuja orientalis.BorchseniusLepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius, 1947: 142.Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Elborz, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Hamadan, Kerman, Khorasan -e Razavi, Khorasan -e Shomali, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Tehran.Fabaceae: Astragalus sp., Cercis siliquastrum; Juglandaceae: Juglans regia; Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior; Rosaceae: Cotoneaster vulgaris, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus persica, Prunus sp.; Salicaceae: Populus nigra; Thymelaeaceae: Daphne angustifolia; Ulmaceae: Ulmus sp.Lepidosaphes malicola from the plant families Lythraceae, Thymelaeaceae and Ulmaceae.These are the first records of PageBreak(\u0160ulc)Mytilaspis newsteadi \u0160ulc, 1895: 8\u201312.Kerman.Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander.Lepidosaphes newsteadi from the plant family Apocynaceae.This is the first record of (Maskell)Mytilaspis pallidaInsulaspis maskelli Borchsenius, 1963. Maskell, 1895: 46. Gilan, Golestan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Acanthaceae: Avicennia officinalis; Apocynaceae: Nerium sp.; Cupressaceae: Juniperus communis; Pinaceae: Pinus sp.; Rosaceae: Mespilus germanica;Taxodiaceae: Cryptomeria sp.Lepidosaphes pallida from the plant families Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae and Rosaceae.These are the first records of (Williams)Insulaspis pallidula Williams, 1969: 114.Sistan & Balouchestan.Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava; Solanaceae: Solanum melongena.Lepidosaphes pallidula from the plant family Solanaceae.This is the first record of (Bouch\u00e9)Aspidiotus pinnaeformis Bouch\u00e9, 1851: 111.Unknown.Unknown plant.PageBreakArchangelskayaLepidosaphes pistaciaeMytilococcus pistaciae Bodenheimer, 1943. Pistaciaspis pistaciae Borchsenius, 1963. Pistaciapis pistacicola Borchsenius, 1963. Archangelskaya, 1930: 91. Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Esfahan, Fars, Ghazvin, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan -e Razvi, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Yazd.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia khinjuk, Pistacia mutica, Pistacia vera.ArchangelskayaLepidosaphes turanicaMytilaspis turanica . Archangelskaya, 1937: 75. Unknown.Uknown plant.(Linnaeus)Coccus ulmi Linnaeus, 1758: 455.Ardabil, Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Tehran.Aceraceae: Acer sp.; Betulaceae: Alnus glutinosa, Corylus avellana; Fabaceae: Cercis siliquastrum, Spartium junceum; Juglandaceae: Juglans regia; Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior; Rosaceae: Crataegus ambigua, Mespilus germanica, Prunus sp., Rosa sp.; Salicaceae: Populus nigra, Salix sp.; Ulmaceae: Ulmus carpinifolia.Colv\u00e9eLeucaspis lowi Colv\u00e9e, 1882: 10\u201312.Unknown.PageBreakUknown plant.L\u00f6wLeucaspis pusilla L\u00f6w, 1883: 3\u20135.Elborz, Fars, Golestan, Mazandaran, Tehran.Pinaceae: Pinus sp.Targioni TozzettiLeucaspis riccaeLeucaspis Riccae Targioni Tozzetti, 1881: 160.Kermanshah, Zanjan.Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander; Oleaceae: Olea europea.(Cockerell)Leucaspis japonicus Cockerell, 1897: 53.Gilan, Hormozgan, Mazandaran, Sistan & Balouchestan.Aceraceae: Acer insigne; Betulaceae: Corylus avellana; Buxaceae: Buxus hyrcana; Caprifoliaceae: Lonicera caprifolium; Celastraceae: Euonymus japonicus; Fabaceae: Robinia sp.; Magnoliaceae: Magnolia grandiflora; Moraceae: Ficus bengalensis, Ficus carica, Ficus riligiosa, Morus alba; Rosaceae: Cydonia oblonga, Mespilus germanica, Rosa sp.Lopholeucaspis japonica from the plant family Buxaceae.This is the first record of (Leonardi)Aonidiella inopinata Leonardi, 1913: 63.Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Bushehr, Fars, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Lorestan, Yazd.Aceraceae: Acer cinerascens; Brassicaceae: Anabasis sp.; Anacardiaceae: Pistacia khinjuk, Pistacia mutica; Euphorbiaceae: Ricinus communis; Fabaceae: Acacia sp., Astragalus sp.; Fagaceae: Quercus sp.; Juglandaceae: Juglans regia; Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior; Rosaceae: Malus domestica, Prunus avium, Pyrus sp.; Salicaceae: Salix sp.Melanaspis inopinata from the plant families Brassicaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Fagaceae.These are the first records of \u25cfBalachowsky & KaussariMelanaspis louristanus Balachowsky & Kaussari, 1953: 28.Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Fars, Ilam, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Khouzestan, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Lorestan.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.Lepidosaphes bicuspisNilotaspis bicuspis Balachowsky, 1954. Hall, 1923: 22\u201323. Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan.Amaranthaceae: Suaeda nudiflora; Sapindaceae: Stocksia brahuica; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.Mercetaspis bicuspis from the plant families Amaranthaceae and Sapindaceae.These are the first records of PageBreak(Borchsenius)Haplaspis calligoni Borchsenius, 1949: 736.Kerman.Polygonaceae: Atraphaxis spinosa, Calligonum denticulatum.(Green)Lepidosaphes (Coccomytilus) halliNilotaspis halli Ferris, 1941. Green, 1923: 63. Ardabil, Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Hamadan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Lorestan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Yazd.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia khinjuk; Fabaceae: Astragalus sp., Ebenus stellata; Rosaceae: Amygdalus communis, Amygdalus lycioides, Amygdalus persica, Amygdalus reuteri, Amygdalus scoparia, Armeniaca vulgaris, Prunus amygdalus, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus domestica, Prunus persica, Prunus reuteri, Prunus sorparia, Prunus spinosa.Mercetaspis halli from the plant family Anacardiaceae.This is the first record of Coccomytilus isisNilotaspis isis Hall, 1923. Hall, 1923: 21\u201322. Esfahan, Hormozgan, Kerman.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.(Bodenheimer)Coccomytilus sureyanus Bodenheimer, 1941: 66.PageBreakGolestan.Fabaceae: Astragalus sp.(Green)Leucaspis quadrispinosa Green, 1934: 110\u2013111.Sistan & Balouchestan.Acanthaceae: Avicennia officinalis.(Comstock)Aspidiotus personatus Comstock, 1883: 66.Unknown.Uknown plant.(Comstock)Aspidiotus spinous Comstock, 1883: 70.Sistan & Balouchestan.Solanaceae: Solanum melongena.HallOdonaspis panici Hall, 1926: 26.Hormozgan.Poaceae.PageBreak(Cockerell)Aspidiotus secretus Cockerell, 1896: 20.Gilan.Poaceae: Bambusa sp.(Takahashi)Gymnaspis buxi Takahashi, 1936: 220\u2013222.Unknown.Unknown plant.\u25cfBalachowskyParlagena mckenzieiParlagena McKenzei Balachowsky, 1950: 18\u201320.Bushehr, Esfahan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Khouzestan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Fabaceae: Prosopis stephaniana; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.Parlagena mckenziei from the plant family Fabaceae.This is the first record of \u25cfKaussariParlagena remaudiereiParlagena Remaudierei Kaussari, 1955a: 234\u2013235.Esfahan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Sistan & Balouchestan.Convolvulaceae: Convolvulus sp.; Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Zygophyllaceae: Zygophyllum eurypeterum.Parlagena remaudierei from the plant families Convolvulaceae and Lythraceae.These are the first records of PageBreak(Marlatt)Parlatoria chinensis Marlatt, 1908: 30\u201332.Unknown.Unknown plant.(Newstead)Chionaspis longispina Newstead, 1911: 88\u201389.Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kordestan.Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Moraceae: Ficus carica; Polygonaceae: Calligonum denticulatum; Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus spina-christi; Rosaceae: Prunus spinosa, Rosa sp.; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.; Zygophyllaceae: Zygophyllum sp.Parlatoreopsis longispina from the plant family Tamaricaceae.This is the first record of BorchseniusParlatoria asiatica Borchsenius, 1949b: 341.Kerman.Ephedraceae: Ephedra sp.(Targioni Tozzetti)Aonidia blanchardi Targioni Tozzetti, 1892: 69\u201382.Bushehr, Fars, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan, Yazd.Arecaceae: Chamaerops humilis, Nannorrhops ritchiana, Phoenix dactylifera.PageBreakComstockParlatoria pergandii camelliae Comstock, 1883: 114.Unknown.Unknown plant.McKenzieParlatoria cryptaParlatoria morrisoni, McKenzie, 1943. McKenzie, 1943: 156. Bushehr, Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khouzestan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica; Apocynaceae: Calotropis procera; Nerium oleander; Arecaceae: Phoenix dactylifera; Asparagaceae: Yucca baccata; Boraginaceae: Cordia sp.; Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp.; Fabaceae: Acacia sp., Albizzia lebbek, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Indigofera argentea;: Lythraceae: Lawsonia inermis; Meliaceae: Melia azadirachta; Moraceae: Ficus bengalensis; Morus alba; Myrtaceae: Myrtus communis; Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior, Olea europea; Polygonaceae: Calligonum comosum; Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus spina-christi; Rosaceae: Malus domestica, Pyrus communis, Rosa sp.; Rutaceae: Citrus limonia.Parlatoria crypta from the plant families Asclepiadaceae, Asparagaceae, Boraginaceae, Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae, Lythraceae, Polygonaceae and Rhamnaceae.These are the first records of (Lindinger)Parlatorea ephedraeArchangelskaia ephedrae Bodenheimer, 1951. Lindinger, 1911: 129. Esfahan, Golestan, Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan.Ephedraceae: Ephedra sp.PageBreak(Colv\u00e9e)Diaspis oleaeSyngenaspis oleae MacGillivray, 1921. Colv\u00e9e, 1880: 40. Ardebil, Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Elborz, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan -e Razvi, Khorasan\u00a0-e Shomali, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Sistan & Balouchestan, Tehran, Yazd.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia mutica, Rhus coriaria; Apiaceae: Heracleum persicum; Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander; Asparagaceae: Asparagus plumosus; Berberidaceae: Berberis vulgaris; Boraginaceae: Cordia myxa; Ebenaceae: Diospyrus kaki; Fabaceae: Astragalus sp., Gleditsia sp., Robinia pseudo-acacia; Fagaceae: Quercus sp.; Juglandaceae: Juglans regia; Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Malvaceae: Hibiscus syriacus; Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior, Jasminum officinalis, Olea europea;Rhamnaceae: Rhamnus sp.; Rosaceae: Cotoneaster vulgaris, Crataegus ambigua, Cydonia vulgaris, Malus domestica, Mespilus germanica, Persica vulgaris, Prunus amygdalus, Prunus armenica, Prunus avium, Prunus caspica, Pyrus communis, Pyrus persica, Rosa damascena; Rutaceae: Citrus sp.; Salicaceae: Populus tremula; Ulmaceae: Ulmus campestris.Parlatoria oleae from the plant families Apiaceae and Fagaceae.These are the first records of ComstockParlatoria pergandiiSyngenaspis pergandii MacGillivray, 1921. Comstock, 1881: 327\u2013328. Gilan, Mazandaran.Rosaceae: Prunus laurocerasus; Rutaceae: Citrus bigaradia, Citrus sinensis.(Curtis)Parlatoria proteusAspidiotus Proteus Curtis, 1843: 676.Gilan, Mazandaran.Theaceae: Camellia sp.PageBreakCockerellParlatoria theae Cockerell, 1896: 21.Gilan, Mazandaran.Rosaceae: Prunus sp., Rosa sp.; Theaceae: Camellia sinensis.(Lucas)Coccus ziziphi Lucas, 1853: xxix.Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran.Rutaceae: Citrus sp.(Signoret)Chionaspis aspidistrae Signoret, 1869b: 443.Gilan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Arecaceae: Chamaerops humilis; Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus spina-christi.(Cooley)Hemichionaspis minor strachani Cooley, 1899: 54\u201355.Sistan & Balouchestan.Fabaceae: Acacia sp.; Malvaceae: Gossypium arboreum; Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus spina-christi.PageBreakAdiscodiaspis tamaricicolaAdiscodiaspis tamaricicola Malenotti, 1916. Rungaspidiotus tamaricicola Balachowsky, 1953. Malenotti, 1916: 313\u2013315. Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Bushehr, Esfahan, Fars, Khouzestan, Khorasan -e Razavi, Khorasan -e Shomali, Sistan & Balouchestan, Yazd.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.(Cockerell)Aspidiotus duplex Cockerell, 1896: 20.Sistan & Balouchestan.Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica.(Targioni Tozzetti)Diaspis pentagona Targioni Tozzetti, 1886: 1.Ardabil, Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran.Actinidiaceae: Actinida chinensis; Juglandaceae: Juglans regia; Moraceae: Morus alba; Pinaceae: Pinus sp.; Rosaceae: Prunus persica; Rutaceae: Citrus bigaradia; Salicaceae: Salix sp.Pseudaulacaspis pentagona from the plant family Pinaceae.This is the first record of (Newstead)Aonidia glandulosa Newstead, 1911: 103.Sistan & Balouchestan.Fabaceae: Acacia farnesiana.PageBreak\u25cfBalachowsky & KaussariPseudotargionia orientalis Balachowsky & Kaussari, 1951: 3.Sistan & Balouchestan.Bignoniaceae: Catalpa speciosa; Fabaceae: Acacia farnesiana; Sapindaceae: Stocksia brahuica.Pseudotargionia orientalis from the plant families Bignoniaceae and Fabaceae.These are the first records of (Lindinger)Aspidiotus canariensis Lindinger, 1911a: 12.Golestan.Asteraceae: Achillea sp.(Borchsenius)Arundaspis secretus Borchsenius, 1949b: 738.UnknownPoaceae.\u25cfTakagi & MoghaddamRungaspis avicenniae Takagi & Moghaddam, 2005: 53.Hormozgan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Acanthaceae: Avicennia officinalis.PageBreak(Bodenheimer)Diaspis capparidisRungaspis trabuti Balachowsky, 1949. Bodenheimer, 1929: 108. Hormozgan.Acanthaceae: Avicennia officinalis.KaussariRungaspis macrolobis Kaussari, 1958: 229.Esfahan, Hormozgan, Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan.Amaranthaceae: Anabasis aphylla; Asclepiadaceae: Calotropis procera; Fabaceae: Robinia sp.Rungaspis macrolobis from the plant families Asclepiadaceae and Fabaceae.These are the first records of (Lindinger)Leucaspis archangelskyaeSuturaspis archangelskyae Borchsenius, 1937. Lindinger, 1929: 113. Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Bushehr, Elborz, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Lorestan, Tehran.Aceraceae: Acer cinerascens; Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior, Olea europea; Rosaceae: Prunus domestica, Prunus reuteri, Pyrus communis; Thymelaeaceae: Daphne angustifolia; Ulmaceae: Celtis australis.Salicicola archangelskyae from the plant families Aceraceae and Ulmaceae.These are the first records of PageBreakBalachowsky& KaussariSalicicola davatchiSuturaspis davatchi Borchsenius, 1966. Leucaspis  kermanensisLeucaspis kermanensis Lindinger, 1905. Lindinger, 1905: 253\u2013254. Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Elborz, Esfahan, Fars, Golestan, Kerman, Khorasan -e Shomali, Khouzestan, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Sistan & Balouchestan, Yazd.Salicaceae: Populus alba, Populus euphratica, Populus nigra, Salix babylonica.(Lindinger)Leucaspis (Euleucaspis) pistaciae Lindinger, 1906: 40.Kerman, Kermanshah.Anacardiaceae: Pistacia mutica.PageBreak(Borchsenius)Pseudomelanaspis minimaTargaspidiotus anabsidis Borchsenius, 1952. Borchsenius, 1952: 262. Hormozgan.Amaranthaceae: Anabasis aphylla.(Archangelskaya)Aspidiotus (Aonidiella) arthrophytiSchizotargionia arthrophyti Balachowsky. Archangelskaya, 1931: 83. Yazd.Amaranthaceae: Haloxylon sp.\u25cf(Kaussari)Schizotargionia balachowskyi Kaussari, 1952: 182.Esfahan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Moraceae: Haloxylon sp.; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.Targionia balachowskyi from the plant family Amaranthaceae.This is the first record of HallTargionia haloxyloni Hall, 1926: 27.Lorestan.Fabaceae: Astragalus sp.; Thymelaeaceae: Daphne sp.PageBreakSignoretTargionia nigra Signoret, 1870: 106.Hormozgan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Amaranthaceae: Anabasis sp.; Resedaceae: Ochradenus rostratus, Ochradenus socotrnus.(Borchsenius)Rhizaspidiotus poriferaFisanotargionia quadrilobata Kaussari & Balachowsky, 1953. Borchsenius, 1949a: 350. Esfahan, Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman, Yazd.Amaranthaceae: Anabasis sp., Seidlitzia schweinfurthii; Asteraceae: Artemisia sp.; Zygophyllaceae: Zygophyllum eurypeterum.Targionia porifera from the plant families Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae.These are the first records of (Signoret)Aspidiotus vitis Signoret, 1876: lii.Gilan, Golestan.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.Acanthomytilus cedricola Balachowsky & Alkan, 1956: 320.Gilan, Kerman.Cupressaceae: Cupressus sp.PageBreak\u25cfAcanthomytilus farsianus Balachowsky & Kaussari, 1955: 238.Fars.Cupressaceae: Cupressus sp.(Comstock)Chionaspis euonymi Comstock, 1881: 313\u2013314.Gilan.Celastraceae: Euonymus japonicus.(Maskell)Eriococcus araucariae Maskell, 1879: 218.Unknown.Araucariaceae: Araucaria sp.LindingerKermes fagi ; Lindinger, 1936: 444.Gilan, Mazandaran.Fagaceae: Fagus orientalis.PageBreak\u25cf(Danzig)Acanthococcus abaii Danzig, 1990: 373\u2013376.Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan.Amaranthaceae: Haloxylon aphylla.*KiritchenkoEriococcus cingulatus Kiritchenko, 1940: 131\u2013133.Azarbaijan -e Sharghi.Unknown Plant.Eriococcus cingulatus from Iran, identified by F. Koz\u00e1r.This is the first record of (Danzig)Acanthococcus costatus Danzig, 1975: 43.Kermanshah.Ulmaceae: Ulmus sp.(Danzig)Acanthococcus isacanthus Danzig, 1975: 45.Kermanshah.Ulmaceae: Ulmus sp.(Borchsenius)Rhizococcus kondarensis Borchsenius, 1949: 353\u2013354.Golestan, Khorasan -e Shomali.Poaceae.PageBreak*(Bazarov)Acanthococcus pamiricus Bazarov, 1968: 73.Sistan & Balouchestan.Unknown plant.Eriococcus pamiricus in Iran, identified by M. Moghaddam.This is the first record of *SchmuttererEriococcus reynei Schmutterer, 1952: 414\u2013417.Ghazvin.Lamiaceae: Thymus vulgaris.Eriococcus reynei in Iran, identified by F. Koz\u00e1r.This is the first record of *GouxEriococcus sanguinairensis Goux, 1993: 68\u201369.Ardabil.Unknown plant.Eriococcus sanguinairensis in Iran, identified by F. Koz\u00e1r.This is the first record of *(Borchsenius)Acanthococcus saxidesertus Borchsenius, 1949: 343.Ardabil.Unknown plant.Eriococcus saxidesertus in Iran, identified by F. Koz\u00e1r.This is the first record of (Modeer)Coccus spuriusGossyparia spuria Cockerell, 1899. Modeer, 1778: 43. Esfahan, Fars, Golestan, Hamadan, Kerman, Markazi.Ulmaceae: Ulmus carpenifolia.PageBreakBorchseniusNeoacanthococcus tamaricicola Borchsenius, 1948: 502\u2013503.Khouzestan.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.Chermes fraxiniFonscolombea fraxini Cockerell, 1899. Kaltenbach, 1860: 259. Tehran.Oleaceae: Fraxinus excelsior.(Linnaeus)Coccus quercusKermococcus quercus Henriksen, 1921: 308. Linnaeus, 1758: 455. Ilam, Kermanshah.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.BodenheimerNidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer, 1941: 78\u201380.Kermanshah, Lorestan.Fagaceae: Quercus sp.PageBreak\u25cfVahediPorphyrophora chelodonta Vahedi in Kermanshah.Unknown plant.(Archangelskaya)Margarodes cynodontis Archangelskaya, 1935: 15.Azarbaijan -e Sharghi.Poaceae: Cynodon dactylon.BrandtPorphyrophora hamelii Brandt in Ardabil, Hamadan.Poaceae.\u25cfVahediPorphyrophora jashenkoi Vahedi in Kermanshah.Poaceae: Triticum vulgare.JashenkoPorphyrophora medicaginis Jashenko, 1994: 22.Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Kerman.Fabaceae: Medicago sativa.(Bodenheimer)Margarodes tritici Bodenheimer, 1941: 81.Ardabil, Hamadan, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Zanjan.Poaceae: Triticum aestivum.*JashenkoPorphyrophora victoriae Jashenko, 1994: 36.Markazi.Brassicaceae: Cardaria draba.Porphyrophora victoriae from Iran, identified by R. Jashenko.This the first record of ArchangelskayaDrosicha turkestanica Archangelskaya, 1931: 69.Khorasan -e Razvi.Oleaceae: Fraxinus sp.PageBreak(Fabricius)Coccus serratulae Fabricius, 1775: 744.Kermanshah, Lorestan.Unknown plant.Moghaddam and Tavakoli (2009).MaskellIcerya purchasi Maskell, 1879: 221.Fars, Mazandaran, Tehran.Aceraceae: Acer sp.; Fabaceae: Glycine max; Rutaceae: Citrus sp.; Thymelaeaceae: Daphne odora.Jashenko & DanzigPseudaspidoproctus gramineus Jashenko & Danzig, 1992: 89.Unknown.Poaceae.Aspidoproctus hyphaeniacus Hall, 1925: 1.Sistan & Balouchestan.Arecaceae: Phoenix dactylifera.PageBreak(Linnaeus)Aphis urticae Linnaeus, 1758: 453.Ardebil, Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Golestan, Hamadan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan -e Jonoubi, Khorasan -e Shomali, Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Zanjan.Apiaceae: Eryngium bungei; Asteraceae: Artemisia sp., Gundelia sp., Echinops ritro, Echinops persicae; Fabaceae: Astragalus sp.; Thymelaeaceae: Daphne angustifolia.CockerellPhoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell, 1899: 262.Kerman, Kermanshah, Hormozgan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Yazd.Arecaceae: Phoenix dactylifera.BorchseniusAdelosoma phragmitidis Borchsenius, 1948a: 584.Unknown.Poaceae.CockerellAntonina crawi Cockerell, 1900: 70.Gilan.PageBreakPoaceae: Bambusa sp.(Maskell)Sphaerococcus graminis Maskell, 1897: 244.Bushehr, Khouzestan.Poaceae: Poa sp., Saccharum officinarum.(Lindinger)Ripersia rehi Lindinger, 1943: 152.Khouzestan.Poaceae: Echinochloa crus-galli, Oryza sativa.\u0160ulcCeroputo pilosellaePhenacoccus euphorbiaefolius Bodenheimer, 1943. \u0160ulc, 1898: 2. Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Hamadan, Ilam, Kermanshah.Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia sp.\u25cfKaydan & Koz\u00e1rChorizococcus viticola Kaydan & Koz\u00e1r in Fars.Vitaceae: Vitis vinifera.PageBreak\u25cfMoghaddamCoccidohystrix burumandi Moghaddam in Markazi.Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia sp.(Kuwana)Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) boninsis Kuwana, 1909: 161.Khouzestan.Asteraceae: Lactuca sp.Dysmicoccus boninsis from the plant family Asteraceae.This is the first record of (Cockerell)Dactylopius brevipes Cockerell, 1893: 267.Sistan & Balouchestan.Fabaceae: Medicago sativa.WilliamsEurycoccus tamariscus Williams, 1984: 538.Sistan & Balouchestan.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.\u25cfMoghaddamExallomochlus balouchestanensis Moghaddam, 2013: 25.PageBreakSistan & Balouchestan.Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica.(Cockerell)Dactylopius virgatus Cockerell, 1893: 178.Sistan & Balouchestan.Boraginaceae: Cordia myxa; Moraceae: Ficus carica, Ficus religiosa; Myrtaceae: Myrtus communis, Psidium guajava.(Ezzat & McConnell)Planococcoides robustus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956: 59.Hormozgan.Fabaceae: Prosopis spicigera.(Green)Ripersia sacchari Green, 1900a: 37.Khouzestan.Poaceae: Saccharum officinarum.(Green)Phenacoccus hirsutus Green, 1908: 25.Fars, Hormozgan, Sistan & Balouchestan.Anacardiaceae: PageBreakMangifera indica; Arecaceae: Phoenix dactylifera; Combretaceae: Terminalia catappa; Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea sp.; Fabaceae: Acacia arabica, Albizzia sp., Prosopis sp., Prosopis spicigera; Lythraceae: Lawsonia inermis; Malvaceae: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Hibiscus syriacus; Moraceae: Ficus riligiosa, Morus alba; Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava, Syzygium aromaticum; Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus spina-christi; Rutaceae: Citrus sinensis; Salicaceae: Salix sp.; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.Maconellicoccus hirsutus from the plant family Tamaricaceae.This is the first record of (Cockerell)Dactylopius filamentosus Cockerell, 1893a: 254.Ghazvin.Moraceae: Ficus sp.(Newstead)Dactylopius viridis Newstead, 1894: 5.Bushehr, Fars, Hormozgan, Khouzestan, Kerman, Sistan & Balouchestan.Acanthaceae: Avicennia officinalis; Apocynaceae: Nerium oleander; Fabaceae: Prosopis spicigera; Moraceae: Morus alba; Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus spina-christi; Rutaceae: Citrus bigaradia, Citrus sinensis; Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.; Ulmaceae: Ulmus sp.(Brain)Pseudococcus burnerae Brain, 1915: 111.Sistan & Balouchestan.Acanthaceae: Avecennia officinalis.References. (Laing)Phenacoccus priesneri Laing, 1936: 80.PageBreakFars.Poaceae: Cynodon dactylon.\u25cfMoghaddamPeliococcus ilamicus Moghaddam, 2013: 39.Ilam.Fabaceae: Prosopis stephaniana.\u25cf(Kiritshenko)Phenacoccus kimmericus Kiritchenko, 1940: 189.Fars, Khouzestan.Amaranthaceae: Noaea sp.; Fabaceae: Prosopis stephaniana.Peliococcus kimmericus from the plant family Amaranthaceae.This is the first record of Matile-FerreroPeliococcus talhouki Matile-Ferrero, 1984: 225.Khouzestan, Yazd.Fabaceae: Prosopis farcata; Moraceae: Morus alba.(Kiritshenko)Phenacoccus turanicus Kiritshenko, 1932: 137.Tehran.Brassicaceae: Rhaphanus sativus.PageBreak(Signoret)Pseudococcus aesculi Signoret, 1875: 329.Kermanshah, Tehran.Asteraceae: Echinops ritro; Moraceae: Morus alba; Rosaceae: Crataegus azarollus.ArchangelskayaPhenacoccus arthrophyti Archangelskaya, 1930: 78.Yazd.Amaranthaceae: Haloxylon sp.\u25cfMoghaddamPhenacoccus betae Moghaddam, 2010a: 65\u201367.Kermanshah, Markazi.Amaranthaceae: Amaranthus blitoides, Beta vulgaris.(Lindeman)Westwoodia hordei Lindeman, 1886: 367.Tehran.Poaceae.\u25cfMoghaddamPhenacoccus karkasicus Moghaddam, 2013: 52.PageBreakEsfahan.Berberidaceae: Berberis vulgaris.\u25cfMoghaddamPhenacoccus iranica Moghaddam, 2013: 54.Kerman.Aceraceae: Acer cinerascens.BorchseniusPhenacoccus perillustris Borchsenius, 1949: 215.Esfahan.Berberidaceae: Berberis vulgaris.KiritchenkoPhenacoccus pumilus Kiritchenko, 1931: 314.Bushehr, Markazi, Sistan & Balouchestan, Yazd.Amaranthaceae: Halocharis sulpurea; Asteraceae: Centaurea virgata; Brassicaceae: Descuriana sophia, Lepidium latifolium; Fabaceae: Alhagi cameorum; Geraniaceae: Erodium neuradifolium; Lamiaceae: Salvia bracteata.\u25cfMoghaddamPhenacoccus salviacus Moghaddam in Markazi.Lamiaceae: Salvia bracteata.PageBreak\u25cfBodenheimerPhenacoccus sherbinovskyi Bodenheimer, 1943: 32.Sistan & Balouchestan.Lamiaceae: Rydingia persica.FerrisPhenacoccus solani Ferris, 1918: 60.Esfahan, Fars.Amaranthaceae: Celosia cristata; Asteraceae: Chrysanthemum morifolium; Poaceae: Festuca arundinacea.TinsleyPhenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898: 47.Bushehr, Hormozgan.Malvaceae: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.Kiritchenko, 1932: 137.Esfahan, Markazi, Tehran.Brassicaceae: Descurainia sophia, Raphanus sativus; Fabaceae: Astragalus sp.(Risso)Dorthesia citriPseudococcus citri Cockerell, 1902. Risso, 1813: 416. Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Khouzestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Tehran.PageBreakApocynaceae: Adenium obesum, Nerium oleander; Arecaceae: Chamacyparis lawsoniana; Caryophyllaceae: Dianthus barbatus; Crassulaceae: Crassula sp.; Cupressaceae: Cupressus sp.; Ebenaceae: Diospyros kaki; Euphorbiaceae: Codiaeum variegatum, Euphorbia pulcherrima; Moraceae: Ficus benjamina, Ficus carica, Ficus elastica, Morus alba; Oleaceae: Forsythia intermedia, Fraxinus excelsior; Platanaceae: Platanus orientalis; Poaceae: Oryza sativa; Rutaceae: Citrus bigaradia, Citrus sinensis; Rosaceae: Rosa sp.; Strelitziaceae: Strelitzia alba.Planococcus citri from the plant families Caryophyllaceae, Crassulaceae and Cupressaceae.These are the first records of (Signoret)Dactylopius ficusPseudococcus vitis Fernald, 1903. Signoret, 1875: 315. Elborz, Fars, Ghom, Khorasan -e Razavi, Markazi, Tehran.Cucurbitaceae: Citrullus vulgaris; Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Moraceae: Ficus carica; Vitaceae: Vitis persica.Planococcus ficus from the plant family Cucurbitaceae.This is the first record of (Nasonov)Pseudococcus (Dactylopius) vovae Nasonov, 1909: 484.Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Kerman, Tehran.Cupressaceae: Cupressus sp.\u25cfMoghaddamPolystomophora arakensis Moghaddam in Markazi.PageBreakPolygonaceae: Atraphaxis sp.(Kuwana)Dactylopius comstocki Kuwana, 1902: 52.Ghazvin, Gilan, Khorasan -e Shomali, Mazandaran, Tehran.Fabaceae: Robinia pseudoacacia; Moraceae: Morus alba, Morus nigra.HempelPseudococcus cryptus Hempel, 1918: 199.Unknown.Unknown plant.(Targioni Tozzetti)Dactylopius longispinusPseudococcus adonidum Westwood, 1840. Targioni Tozzetti, 1867: 75. Gilan, Mazandaran, Tehran.Buxaceae: Buxus hyrcana; Celastraceae: Euonymus sp.Pseudococcus longispinus from the plant family Buxaceae.This is the first record of (Signoret)Dactylopius indicusPseudococcus affinis Fernald, 1903. Pseudococcus fathyi Bodenheimer, 1944. Signoret, 1875: 317. Esfahan, Gilan, Tehran.PageBreakAmaranthaceae: Amaranthus blitum; Araceae: Dieffenbachia sp., Phoenix sp.; Bignoniaceae: Catalpa speciosa; Buxaceae: Buxus hyrcana; Cupressaceae: Cupressus sp.; Euphorbiaceae: Codiaeum variegatum; Fabaceae: Albizzia sp., Cercis siliquastrum; Ginkgoaceae: Ginko biloba; Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Moraceae: Ficus carica, Morus alba; Rosaceae: Rosa sp.; Solanaceae: Solanum tuberosum; Theaceae: Camellia sinensis; Vitaceae: Vitis persica.Pseudococcus viburni from the plant families Amaranthaceae and Ginkgoaceae.These are the first records of \u25cfWilliams & MoghaddamRhodania aeluropi Williams & Moghaddam, 2007: 38.Khouzestan.Poaceae: Aeluropus sp.(Cockerell)Dactylopius sacchari Cockerell, 1895: 195.Khouzestan.Poaceae: Saccharum officinalis.Pseudococcus alhagii Hall, 1926: 7.Esfahan, Fars, Khouzestan.Lythraceae: Punica granatum; Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus spina-christi.PageBreak(Borchsenius)Pseudococcus flavus Borchsenius, 1949: 117.Unknown.Poaceae.\u25cf(Moghaddam)Chorizococcus mirzayansi Moghaddam, 2010: 64.Tehran.Cactaceae: Opuntia ficus-indica.BorchseniusTrabutina elasticaTrabutina crassispinosa Borchsenius, 1941: 133. Borchsenius, 1936: 111 [misidentification, according to Ardabil, Kermanshah.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.(Hemprich & Ehrenberg)Coccus manniparus Hemprich & Ehrenberg in Esfahan, Khorasan -e Shomali.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.PageBreak(Green)Naiacoccus serpentinusNaiacoccus minor Borchsenius, 1949. Naiacoccus serpentinus Green, 1919. Green, 1919: 117. Ardabil, Azarbaijan -e Garbi, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi, Bushehr, Hormozgan, Gilan, Kerman, Khouzestan, Sistan & Balouchestan, Zanjan.Tamaricaceae: Tamarix sp.(Kiritchenko)Pseudococcus multivorus Kiritchenko, 1936: 151.Ardabil, Esfahan, Fars, Hamadan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan -e Shomali, Lorestan, Markazi.Apiaceae: Echinophora sp.; Asteraceae: Cirsium sp., Echinops ritro, Lactuca sp., Matricaria chamomilla, Klasea cerinthifolia; Fabaceae: Astragalus sp.; Malvaceae: Hibiscus sp.(Bouch\u00e9)Coccus amaryllidisTrionymus amaryllidis Lindinger, 1934. Bouch\u00e9, 1837: 99. Fars.Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllis sp.(Leonardi)Macrocerococcus superbus Leonardi, 1907: 152.Ardebil, Esfahan, Zanjan.Fabaceae: Astragalus sp.PageBreakGouxRhizoecus (Pararhizoecus) albidus Goux, 1942: 40.Esfahan, Markazi, Tehran.Cactaceae: Gymnocalycium baldianium; Crassulaceae: Echeveria sp.; Poaceae: Festuca arundinacea.Rhizoecus albidus from the plant families Cactaceae and Crassulaceae.These are the first records of"}
{"text": "The fifth author's name is missing the middle initial. The correct name is: Robert H. Singer. The correct citation is: Chou Y-y, Heaton NS, Gao Q, Palese P, Singer RH, et al. (2013) Colocalization of Different Influenza Viral RNA Segments in the Cytoplasm before Viral Budding as Shown by Single-molecule Sensitivity FISH Analysis. PLoS Pathog 9(5): e1003358. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003358"}
{"text": "The middle initials were omitted from the first, fourth, fifth, and sixth authors' names. The correct names are: Const\u00e2ncia FJ Ayres, Craig S Wilding, Daniel J Rigden and Martin J Donnelly. The correct citation is: Ayres CFJ, M\u00fcller P, Dyer N, Wilding CS, Rigden DJ, et al. (2011) Comparative Genomics of the Anopheline Glutathione S-Transferase Epsilon Cluster. PLoS ONE 6(12): e29237. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029237"}
{"text": "Wanwen Lan was not included in the byline. This author should be listed as the third author and affiliated with Ocular Wound Healing and Therapeutics Laboratory, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. The correct citation is: Riau AK, Wong TT, Lan W, Finger SN, Chaurasia SS, Hou AH, et al. (2011) Aberrant DNA Methylation of Matrix Remodeling and Cell Adhesion Related Genes in Pterygium. PLoS ONE 6(2): e14687. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014687. The correct author contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: AKR TW LT. Performed the experiments: AKR SF SC SJY. Analyzed the data: AKR TW SF SSC AHH SC SJY LT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TW WL SSC LT. Wrote the paper: AKR WL LT."}
{"text": "The asymmetric unit contains two Er, one Ba, and four S atoms, each with .m. site symmetry. The structure consists of channels formed by corner- and edge-sharing ErS6 octa\u00adhedra in which Ba atoms reside. The resultant coordination of Ba is that of a bicapped trigonal prism.Barium dierbium(III) tetra\u00adsulfide, BaEr DOI: Click here for additional data file.10.1107/S1600536813003541/br2222Isup2.hklStructure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF reportAdditional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "The name of the second author is incorrectly represented in the Citation. The correct Citation is: Pozzi L, Pollak Dorocic I, Wang X, Carl\u00e9n M, Meletis K (2014) Mice Lacking NMDA Receptors in Parvalbumin Neurons Display Normal Depression-Related Behavior and Response to Antidepressant Action of NMDAR Antagonists. PLoS ONE 9(1): e83879. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083879"}
{"text": "The name of the second author was given incorrectly in the Citation. The correct citation is: Ranghini E, Fuente Mora C, Edgar D, Kenny SE, Murray P, et al. (2013) Stem Cells Derived from Neonatal Mouse Kidney Generate Functional Proximal Tubule-Like Cells and Integrate into Developing Nephrons In Vitro. PLoS ONE 8(5): e62953. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062953."}
{"text": "There was an error in the name of the second author.The correct name is: Vladimir VrbanacThe correct Citation is: Greenblatt MB, Vrbanac V, Tivey T, Tsang K, Tager AM, et al. (2012) Graft versus Host Disease in the Bone Marrow, Liver and Thymus Humanized Mouse Model. PLoS ONE 7(9): e44664. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044664"}
{"text": "The first author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Fatima BenMohamed. The correction citation is: BenMohamed F, Garcia-Verdugo I, Medina M, Balloy V, Chignard M, et al. (2012) A Crucial Role of Flagellin in the Induction of Airway Mucus Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS ONE 7(7): e39888. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039888"}
{"text": "An error was introduced in the preparation of this article for publication.Caenorhabditis elegansThe correct title should read: The Receptor-Bound Guanylyl Cyclase DAF-11 Is the Mediator of Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced cGMP Increase in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72569. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072569 The correct citation is: Beckert U, Aw WY, Burhenne H, F\u00f6rsterling L, Kaever V, et al. (2013) The Receptor-Bound Guanylyl Cyclase DAF-11 Is the Mediator of Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced cGMP Increase in"}
{"text": "There was an error in the name of the fourth author.The correct name is: Timothy S. FranaStaphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) Isolates of Swine Origin Form Robust Biofilms. PLoS ONE 8(8): e73376. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073376 The correct citation is: Nicholson TL, Shore SM, Smith TC, Frana TS (2013) Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant"}
{"text": "Cylindera (Eriodera) albopunctata (Chaudoir 1852), Cicindela viridilabris (Chaudoir 1852) and Neocollyris (Neocollyris) redtenbacheri (Horn 1894) are recorded from Pakistan for the first time.The present biogeographic distribution of tiger beetle fauna is an attempt to register all modern taxa from Pakistan. It includes 55 taxa under 14 genera and 11 subgenera. Three species,  Biogeographically, the major part of Pakistan is Palaearctic  while the rest of the area is Oriental  and traces of Afrotropical (Ethiopian region) from southern Iran to extreme southwestern of Baluchistan. The Hindu Kush, Karakorum, and Himalaya are a major biogeographic boundary between the subtropical and tropical flora and fauna of the Indian subcontinent and the temperate-climate Palaearctic ecozone. It is interesting to point out that the insect fauna, especially tiger beetles, completely confirm the transitional position of Pakistan between Palearctic and Oriental regions.Tiger beetles (Cicindelidae) have been an appropriate indicator taxon for determining regional patterns of biodiversity , becauseTiger beetles have worldwide distribution  that cover a variety of habitats ranging from alpine meadows to desert grasslands and tropical rain forests . The totIn the Indian subcontinent literature on tiger beetles started with listing of species by Cicindela (sensu auctorum) of the entire Indian subcontinent was provided by Acciavatti and Pearson , National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and specimens collected during northern area expedition in June of 2007. Furthermore, specimens that were housed at Pakistan Forest Institute  and Pakistan Natural History Museum  were also examined. Many of the above mentioned museums collection specimens were sent to Fabio Cassola for identification and/or reconfirmation ofalready identified species.Callytron gyllenhalii (Dejean 1825)Remarks: Known from costal Pakistan: Sind: Karachi: Sandspit, 15 miles west Karachi ; AccordiBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Callytron malabaricum Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind:Karachi, 23. x. 2007, 1 \u2642 leg. M. Atique Akhter. (det.and located with Wiesner).Remarks: Earlier reported by Fowler  from IndBio-ecological Zone: Paleo-oriental.Calochroa bicolor atavus (Horn 1920)Remarks: Known from northwestern India  and Pakistan .Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental subspecies.Calochroa bicolor haemorrhoidalis (Wiedemann 1823)Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab: Rawalpindi, 1\u20132. viii. 1984, 1 \u2640, leg. Richter, (det. and located with Wiesner); NWFP: Bajor: Mohmand Agency, 20. v. 2008, leg. M. Iqbal (det. Wiesner 2009) ex NIM.Remarks: Earlier this subspecies was reported from Sri Lanka: Hambantota District, east central India: Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Rajasthan to southern India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Pakistan: Punjab .Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Calochroa flavomaculata (Hope 1831)Remarks: Recorded from Pakistan by Cassola . GeneralBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Calomera angulata (Fabricius 1798)Remarks: Generally occurring throughout the Indian subcontinent eastward into Southeast Asia . Known fBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Calomera aulica (Dejean 1831), ex NIM; Sakrand, 25. iii. 2006, 1 \u2640, leg. Falak Naz, ex NIM , 3 \u2640\u2640, leg. Falak Naz, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009) Punjab: Murree (Angoory), 13. vi. 2006, 1 \u2642, leg. Mishkatullah, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009); Multan: Chitter Watta, 01.v. 1954, 4 \u2642\u2642, 4 \u2640\u2640, leg. Student, ex NIM  07. x. 1959, leg. Unknown, ex NIM; Juglot, 15. iv. 2008, 1 \u2640, leg. Anjum Shehzad , Iraq, Pakistan {Baluchistan (Turbat) and N.W.F.P}, Oman,Kuwait .Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Calomera fischeri elongatosignata (Horn 1922)Material Examined: Pakistan: Baluchistan: Panjgur, 23. iii. 1962, 1 \u2640, leg. S. M. Sher; ex NIM det. .Remarks: Reported from West Afghanistan , PersianBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Calomera funerea assimilis (Hope 1831)Remarks: Reported from India . AccordiBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Calomera littoralis afghana (Mandl 1955)Remarks: Earlier Mandl  reported this subspecies from Afghanistan: Kabul, Korell  from PakBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Calomera littoralis conjunctaepustulata (Dokhtouroff 1887)Remarks: Mandl ; 1982b rAccording to Weisner (unpublished data) this subspecies found in Iran , Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Russia , Afghanistan , Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan , India , NO Tibet, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia , China .Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Calomera plumigera macrograptina Remarks: Reported from Pakistan: Punjab;northern India: Punjab, Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa, Haryana, Utar Pradesh and Bangladesh: Rajshahi  and alsoBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Chaetodera vigintiguttata (Herbst 1806)Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP: Peshawar, 5. ix. 1963. leg. Ayub. ex PFI (det. Zia 2009).Remarks: Known from Pakistan: Lahore: near River Ravi , India . AccordiBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Cicindela (Cicindela) granulata stoliczkana Bates 1878Remarks: Earlier reported by Heynes-Wood and Dover  from IndBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Cosmodela intermedia (Chaucoir 1852)Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab: Rawalpindi, 6. viii. 1982, 1 \u2642, 4 \u2640\u2640, leg. Richter, (det. and located with Wiesner 2009); Rawalpindi, 1\u20132. viii. 1984, 1 \u2642, leg. Richter (det. and located with Wiesner); Islamabad, 6. vi. 2005, 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640, leg. Khalid, ex PMNH (det. Rafi 2009); Islamabad: 15. viii. 2006, 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640, leg. Khurrum, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009); Islamabad: Margalla Hills, 25. vii. 2007, 1 \u2640, leg. Amir Sultan, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009); Islamabad: Simly Dam, 29. viii. 2008, 1 \u2642, leg. A. Zia, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009); Nowshera: Sodi village, 17. vi. 2009, 5 \u2642\u2642, leg. A. Zia, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009); NWFP: Bala Kot, 1. viii. 1963, 1 \u2642, leg. S. M. Khan, ex PFI (det. Rafi 2009); Swat: Khawza-Khela, 21. viii. 1963, 1 \u2642, leg. S. M. Khan; Hazara: Bhara ziarat: Doonga Gali, ex PFI (det. Rafi 2009); 26. vii. 1964, 4 \u2642\u2642, 3 \u2640\u2640, leg. M. Ismail, ex PFI; Kohistan: Kaghan: Balakat, 29. vi. 1977, 1 \u2642, leg. de Freina, (det. and located with Wiesner);Abbottabad: Harno, 08. viii. 2008, 2 \u2642\u2642, 1 \u2640, leg. M. Ather, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009); Abbottabad: Harno, 28. vii. 2008, 4 \u2642\u2642, 2 \u2640\u2640, leg. Amjad Bukhari, ex NIM  and northern India  and Nepal. . Also reBio-ecological Zone: Paleo-oriental.Cylindera (Cylindera) obliquefasciata descendens (Fischer 1825)Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP: Chitral: Madaglasht, 24\u201327. vi. 1983, 1 \u2640, leg. Eckweiler (det. and locataed with Wiesner); Chitral: Madaglasht, 5\u20137. vii. 1982, 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640, leg. Erber and Heinz (det. and located with Wiesner); Northern Areas: Chilas, 11. vii. 1998, 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640, leg. E. G. Csorba and L. Ronkay (det. and located with Wiesner); Gilgit: Pander Lake, 11. vi. 2008, 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640, leg. Anjum Shehzad ex NIM ; Gopis: Khalti Lake, 11. vi. 2008, 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640, leg. Anjum Shazad, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009); Skardu, 16. vi. 2008, 1 \u2642, leg. Anjum Shazad, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009).Remarks: Recorded recently from Pakistan by Cassola . AccordiBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Cylindera (Eriodera) albopunctata (Chaudoir 1852)Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP: Takht Bai, 7\u20139. vii. 1998, 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640, leg. G. Csorba and L. Ronkay (det. and located with Wiesner).Remarks: New to Pakistan. Known form Northern India: Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam; Nepal and Bhutan . RecentlBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Cylindera (Eugrapha) agnata (Fleutiaux 1890)Material Examined: Pakistan: Baluchistan: Kuchh, 24. vi. 1964, leg. S. M. Khan, ex PFI; Mastang, 4. vii. 1964, leg. S. M. Khan, ex PFI.Remarks: Earlier reported from India: Bengal, Sikkam and Madras , BaluchiBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Cylindera (Eugrapha) bigemina (Klug 1834)Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi: Malir, 20. vii. 1957, 2 \u2642\u2642, 2 \u2640\u2640, leg. Sultan ex NIM; Punjab: Rawalpindi (Khanna), 23. vii. 1963, 1 \u2642, leg. Unknown, ex CABI, Rawalpindi; NWFP: Abbottabad, 22\u201327. vii. 1984, 1 \u2642, 3 \u2640\u2640 leg. Richter (det. and located with Wiesner); Harno (Abbottabad), 01-vii-2009, 1 \u2642, leg. Zia, ex NIM, (det. Zia 2009).Remarks: Known from Pakistan: Punjab: Rawalpindi: Sohan river , AfghaniBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Cylindera (Eugrapha) brevis (Horn 1905)Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi: Malir, 20. vii. 1957, 1\u2640, leg. Sultan det. ; HyderabRemarks: Known from Pakistan: Sind and Punjab and northern India: Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pardesh, Haryana and Bihar , also knBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Cylindera (Eugrapha) cognata (Wiedemann 1823)Remarks: Previously reported from India: Punjab: Chandigarh , PakistaBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Cylindera (Eugrapha) grammophora (Chaudoir 1852)Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab: Attock: 04. vi. 2009, 1\u2640, leg. Ramzan, ex NIM (det. Zia 2009).Remarks: Reported from India: Bangal, Punjab and Dehra Dun , ChandigBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Cylindera (Eugrapha) sublacerata Material Examined: Pakistan: Northern Areas: Gilgit, 31. vii. 1987 (det. and located with Wiesner); Goopi: Khalti Lake, 11. vi. 2008, 1 \u2640, leg. Anjum Shazad, ex NIM det. ; Singal Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Cylindera (Eugrapha) sublacerata balucha (Bates 1878)Material Examined: Pakistan: Baluchistan: Quetta: Hanna, 25\u201327. v. 1983, 1 \u2642, leg. Eckweile (det. and located with Wiesner).Remarks: Known from Pakistan: Baluchistan and Skardu , adjoiniBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Cylindera (Eugrapha) venosa (Kollar 1836)Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab: Ghambeer Bridge , 15. vii. 2009, 1 \u26421 \u2640, leg. Zia, ex NIM (det. Zia 2009).Remarks: Known from Kashmir and Sind: Karachi . Punjab:Bio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Cylindera (Eugrapha) mesoepisternalis  decempunctata (Dejean 1825)Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab: Khewra, 01. viii. 2006, 1 \u2642, leg. Fida, ex PMNH det. ; IslamabRemarks: Reported from Bengal, Burma (Myanmar), Tonkin and Combodia . PakistaBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Cylindera (Ifasina) subtilesignata (Mandl 1970)Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP: Donga galli, 22. viii. 1964, leg. M. Ismail, 1 \u2640, ex NIM det. ; AbbottaRemarks: Recorded recently from Pakistan by Cassola . PreviouBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Cicindela viridilabris (Chaudoir 1852)Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP:Parachinar, 18.vii.1964, leg. Cheema. ex PFI; Azad Kashmir: Muzafarabad, 10.vii.09, 1 \u2642, leg. Amjad, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009).Remarks: Known from northern India  and Nepal . Also reBio-ecological Zone: Paleo-oriental.Grammognatha Motschulsky 1850Genus Grammognatha euphratica (Dejean 1822)Material Examined: Pakistan: Kashmir: Muzaffarabad, 22. ix. 1959, 1 \u2642, leg. Ghori, ex NIM det. ; Sind: KRemarks: Known from Turkey, Syria, Saudi Arabia . AccordiBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Hypaetha copulata (Schmidt-Goebel 1846)Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi , 8\u201310. viii. 1982, 4 \u2642\u2642, 5 \u2640\u2640, leg., Richter (det. and located with Wiesner); Karachi: Sandspit, 9. viii. 1984, 2 \u2642\u2642, 2 \u2640\u2640, leg. Richter (det. and located with Wiesner).Remarks: Known from Karachi  and ArabBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Hypaetha ornatipennis (Schilder 1953)Remarks: Known from coastal Pakistan: Sind and Iran .Bio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Hypaetha quadrilineata (Fabricius 1781)Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Karachi: Sandspit, 9. viii. 1984, 1 \u2642, leg. Richter (det. and located with Wiesner).millingeni Bates, 1878 to be merely an individual variation. Also known from Thailand  cancellata intemperata  catena (Fabricius 1775)Remarks: Acciavatti and Pearson  reportedBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Lophyra (Lophyra) histrio (Tschitsch\u00e9rine 1903)Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab: Lyallpur , 2. viii. 1948, 1 \u2640, leg. Student, ex NIM det. ; Sind: URemarks: Known from Iran and Afghanistan  from SinBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Lophyra (Spilodia) vittigera (Dejean 1825)Material Examined: Pakistan: D.I.Khan: Rang pur, 18. vi. 2009, 1 \u2642, 1 \u2640, leg. Zubair, ex NIM (det. Rafi 2009).Remarks: Horn  reportedBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Myriochila (Monelica) akhteriCassola and Wiesner 2009Remarks: Recently described  from LowBio-ecological Zone: Endemic species of a mainly Palaearctic subgenus.Myriochila (Monelica) fastidiosa (Dejean 1825)Remarks: Fowler  reportedBio-ecological Zone: OrientalMyriochila (Monelica) fastidiosa litigiosa (Dejean 1825)Remarks: Known from Pakistan (Jammu), India , Nepal .Bio-ecological Zone: OrientalMyriochila (Monelica) leucoloma (Chaudoir 1852)Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab: Lyallpur, 2. viii. 1948, leg. Student, 2 \u2642\u2642, ex NIM det. .Remarks: Previously known from India and Nepal . RecentlBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Myriochila (Myriochila) dubia (Horn 1892)Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Islam Kot, 25\u201327.iii.2008, 1\u2642, 2\u2640\u2640, leg. Ishaq Mastoi, ex NIM,  melancholica (Fabricius 1798)Material Examined: Pakistan: Sind: Islam Kot, 25.iii.2008; Punjab: Bhakar, 15.v.2008, 2\u2642\u2642, 6\u2640\u2640, leg. A. Akhter; (det. and located with Wiesner).Remarks: Known from Portugal (Algarve), Spain; Malta; France; Italy; Greece; Cyprus; Turkey; Morocco; Algeria; Gambia; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt; Israel; Saudi Arabia; Yemen; Bahrain; United Arab Emirates; Oman; Iran; Syria; Iraq; E. Ciscaucasia; Caucasus Major; Armenia; Pakistan; Afghanistan; Nepal and India . AccordiBio-ecological Zone: Paleo-oriental and Afrotropical.Myriochila (Myriochila) undulata (Dejean 1825)Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP: Kalam, 16. ix. 1963, leg. M. Khan, ex PFI, Peshawer; Punjab: Sakasar, 27. viii. 2007, 1 \u2642, leg. Amir Sultan, ex NIM det. .Remarks: Earlier known from India, and Hong Kong , NWFP: KBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Rhytidophaena limbata (Wiedemann 1823)Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab: Islamabad, 23. vii. 2006, 1 \u2640, leg. M. Ather, ex NIM, (det. Rafi 2009); Toba Take Singh, 17. vii. 2007, 1 \u2640, leg. Zubair, ex NIM det. .Remarks: Firstly recorded from Pakistan by Fowler . Known fBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Salpingophora bellana (Horn 1905)Remarks: Known from Pakistan: Sind: Karachi westward along the Persian Gulf of Iran and Kuwait.  also knoBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Salpingophora maindroni , 1 \u2642, leg., T. R. Bell, ex NIM; Khairpur, 9. vii. 1963, leg. M. Ismail, ex PFI, Peshawar; Mirpurkhas, 9. vi. 2008, 2 \u2640\u2640, leg. Akhter (det. Wiesner); Baluchistan: Somiani: Lasbella, 23. i. 1951, 1 \u2640, ex NIM.Remarks: Horn ; MindronBio-ecological Zone: Palaearctic.Neocollyris (Neocollyris) redtenbacheri (Horn 1894)Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP: Abbottabad, 22. vii. 1969, 1 \u2642, leg. Unknown, ex NIM det. ; AbbottaRemarks: New record for Pakistan. Earlier reported by Naviaux  from HimBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.Neocollyris (Neocollyris) bonellii (Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville 1834)Material Examined: Pakistan: Punjab: Islamabad: Margalla Hills, 31. vii. 2006, 1 \u2640, leg. Amir Sultan ex NIM det. ; IslamabRemarks: Reported by Cassola  from PakBio-ecological Zone: OrientalNeocollyris (Orthocollyris) attenuata (Redtenbacher 1848)Material Examined: Pakistan: NWFP: Swat: Mingora, 11. viii. 1963, 2\u2642 1 \u2640, leg. S. M. Khan, ex PFI (det. Rafi 2009); Bala Kot, 27. vii. 1964, 1 \u2640, leg M. Ismail, ex PFI (det. Rafi 2009); Abbottabad, 21. vii. 1969, leg. M. Ismail, ex PFI (det. Rafi 2009); Doonga Gali, 22. vii. 1964, 2\u2640\u2640, leg. M. Ismail, ex PFI (det. Zia 2009); Punjab: Ghora Gali, 20. vii. 1962, 5 \u2640\u2640, leg. M. Ismail, ex PFI (det. Rafi 2009).Remarks: Fowler  reportedBio-ecological Zone: Oriental.These results indicate that the tiger beetle fauna of Pakistan includes 50 taxa in 14 genera and 11 subgenera .Callytron  and C. monalisa (Horn)) is Palaearctic and Oriental for C. malabaricum (Fleutiaux and Maindron). Calochroa bicolor atavus (Horn) and C. flavomaculata occurs in Pakistan with Oriental biogeography. Under the genus Calomera Motschulsky six species were recorded from Pakistan, which include C. angulata Fabricius, C. aulica (Dejean), C. chloris (Hope), C. diania Tschitsch\u00e9rine, C. littoralis Fabricius, and C. plumigera (Horn).The biogeographic distribution of three taxa belonging to genus Chaetodera Jeannel is represented by two species, Ch. albina (Wiedemann) and Ch. vigintiguttata (Herbst), which reportedly have an Oriental distribution. Just one taxon in subgenus Cicindela s. str. represent the genus Cicindela Linneaus 1758 i.e. the Palearctic species Cicindela (Cicindela) granulata Gebler ssp. stoliczkana Bates. One single species, C. intermedia represents the Oriental genus Cosmodela in Pakistan, because the record of C. didyma (The genus . didyma  is proba. didyma .Cylindera (in four subgenera). Their distribution is mostly Oriental , with just three species being Palaearctic .Twelve species represent the genus Grammognatha Motschulsky is represented by the typonominal subspecies of Grammognatha euphratica (Dejean) having Paleo-oriental distribution. [Reporteddistribution of G. euphratica Latreille and Dejean and G.(E) armenica Laporte was Palaearctic (The genus aearctic ].Hypaetha Le Conte has presently three species: H. copulata (Schmidt-Goebel), H. ornatipennis (Schilder) and H. quadrilineata (Fabricius) the first two having a Palaearctic distribution (The genus ribution  and the ribution .Lophyra (Lophyra) cancellata intemperata (Acciavatti and Pearson) and Lophyra (Lophyra) catena catena (Fabricius) both belong to Oriental species arriving westwards to Pakistan (L. (L.) histrio (Tschitsch\u00e9rine 1903) is a Palaearctic species. Lophyra (Spilodia) vittigera (Dejean) is also basically Oriental and belongs to an Oriental subgenus  melancholica (Fabricius), M. (M.) dubia (Horn) and M. (M.) undulata (Dejean) and three of subgenus Monelica [M. (Monelica) aktheriM. (M.) fastidiosa (Dejean) and M. (M.) leucoloma (Chaudoir). M. (Myriochila) melancholica is perhaps the commonest and most widespread species in the genus, occurring in the Palearctic region, in the whole of Africa and in middle Orient eastwards to Pakistan.Six species represent the genus Rhytidophaena Bates, Rh. limbata (Wiedemann), two species of the Palaearctic genus Salpingophora Rivalier. S. bellana (Horn) and S. maindroni (Horn) and possibly three more species of the Oriental genus Neocollyris Horn, which reportedly occur in lowland Himalayan areas (\u201cPi\u00e9monts hymalayens\u201d: Moreover, there are in Pakistan one species belonging to Himalayan genusThese results appear to support the hypothesis advanced by Pearson and Ghorpade  that the"}
{"text": "Iranian Journal of Microbiology (2012) Mar; 4(1): 44\u201366.In the article titled: Development of a new DNA extraction protocol for PFGE typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.The correct names of authors are as follows:Ghodousi A, Vatani S, Darban-Sarokhalil D, Omrani M, Fooladi A, Khosaravi A, Feizabadi MM2. Iranian Journal of Microbiology (2012) Mar; 4(1): 40\u201343.In the article titled: Oral chromoblastomycosis: a case report.The correct names of authors are: Fatemi MJ, Bateni H3. Iranian Journal of Microbiology (2011) Sep; 3(3): 112\u20137.In the article titled: Antimicrobial resistance profile and presence of class I integrongs among Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from human clinical specimens in Tehran, Iran.The correct names of authors are: Firoozeh F, Shahcheraghi F, Zahraei Salehi T, Karimi V, Aslani MM.4. Iranian Journal of Microbiology (2010) Sep; 2(3): 165\u20137.In the article titled: Catalase-negative Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a diabetic foot ulcer.The correct names of authors are: Dezfulian A, Salehian M, Amini V, Dabiri H, Azimirad M, Aslani MM, Zali M, Fazel I."}
{"text": "Reference 69 is incorrect. The correct reference is: Leonarduzzi C, Leonardi S, Menozzi P, Piotti A (2012) Towards an optimal sampling effort for paternity analysis in forest trees: what do the raw numbers tell us? iForest, 5: 18-25. DOI: 10.3832/ifor0606-009"}
{"text": "Sensors papers that are related to sensing technologies and applications and meet the aims, scope and high standards of this journal [Sensors from among all the papers published in 2010 to track citations. Reviews and full research articles were considered separately. We gladly announce that the following eight papers were awarded the Sensors Best Paper Award in 2014.In 2011, an annual award system was instituted to recognize outstanding  journal . This yeHeather K. Hunt, Carol Soteropulos and Andrea M. ArmaniBioconjugation Strategies for Microtoroidal Optical ResonatorsSensors2010, 10(10), 9317-9336; doi:10.3390/s101009317http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/10/9317Available online: Christian H. Schwalb, Christina Grimm, Markus Baranowski, Roland Sachser, Fabrizio Porrati, Heiko Reith, Pintu Das, Jens M\u00fcller, Friedemann V\u00f6lklein, Alexander Kaya and Michael HuthA Tunable Strain Sensor Using Nanogranular MetalsSensors2010, 10(11), 9847-9856; doi:10.3390/s101109847http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/11/9847Available online: Rozalia Orghici, Peter L\u00fctzow, J\u00f6rg Burgmeier, Jan Koch, Helmut Heidrich, Wolfgang Schade, Nina Welschoff and Siegfried WaldvogelA Microring Resonator Sensor for Sensitive Detection of 1,3,5-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)Sensors2010, 10(7), 6788-6795; doi:10.3390/s100706788http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/7/6788Available online: Andrea Mannini and Angelo Maria SabatiniMachine Learning Methods for Classifying Human Physical Activity from On-Body AccelerometersSensors2010, 10(2), 1154-1175; doi:10.3390/s100201154http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/2/1154Available online: Martin Nirschl, Arto Rantala, Kari Tukkiniemi, Sanna Auer, Ann-Charlotte Hellgren, Dana Pitzer, Matthias Schreiter and Inger Vikholm-LundinCMOS-Integrated Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators for Label-Free BiosensingSensors2010, 10(5), 4180-4193; doi:10.3390/s100504180http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/5/4180Available online: Eun-Hyung Yoo and Soo-Youn LeeGlucose Biosensors: An Overview of Use in Clinical PracticeSensors2010, 10(5), 4558-4576; doi:10.3390/s100504558http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/5/4558Available online: Yoshikazu Kobayashi, Masaaki Habara, Hidekazu Ikezazki, Ronggang Chen, Yoshinobu Naito and Kiyoshi TokoAdvanced Taste Sensors Based on Artificial Lipids with Global Selectivity to Basic Taste Qualities and High Correlation to Sensory ScoresSensors2010, 10(4), 3411-3443; doi:10.3390/s100403411http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/4/3411Available online: George F. Fine, Leon M. Cavanagh, Ayo Afonja and Russell BinionsMetal Oxide Semi-Conductor Gas Sensors in Environmental MonitoringSensors2010, 10(6), 5469-5502; doi:10.3390/s100605469http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/10/6/5469Available online: The prize awarding committee merits the article \u201cBioconjugation Strategies for Microtoroidal Optical Resonators\u201d as a \u201csignificant experimental work to extend label-free biosensors performance to specificity by surface functionalization \u201d. The review \u201cGlucose Biosensors: An Overview of Use in Clinical Practice\u201d \u201cdetails, in depth, the analytical requirements in terms of precision of measurement, statistical accuracy\u2026; and will \u201c\u2026enable a perspective on the future direction of the medically accepted correlation.\u201d, and further \u201c\u2026moves from the basic principles of these important devices to actual practice\u201d.Sensors and the sensing field. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of Sensors, we would like to congratulate these eight teams for their excellent work. In recognition of their accomplishment, Drs. Andrea M. Armani, Christian H. Schwalb, Rozalia Orghici, Angelo Maria Sabatini and Martin Nirschl will receive 1,000 CHF, 800 CHF, 600 CHF, 400 CHF and 200 CHF, respectively, and the privilege of publishing an additional open access format paper of their choice, free of charge, in Sensors in 2014. Drs. Soo-Youn Lee, Yoshikazu Kobayashi, and Russell Binions will be awarded the privilege of publishing an additional research paper free of charge in open access format in Sensors.These eight exceptional papers are valuable contributions to Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Physical Sensors\u2019Dr. Vittorio M.N. PassaroDepartment of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona n. 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyTel.: +39-080-5963-850; Fax: +39-080-5963-410http://dee.poliba.it/photonicsgroupWebsite: passaro@deemail.poliba.itE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Chemical Sensors\u2019Prof. Dr. W. Rudolf SeitzAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-3598, USATel.: +1-603-862-2408; Fax: +1-603-862-4278http://www.unh.edu/chemistry/faculty/seitz_w.htmlWebsite: wrs@cisunix.unh.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Remote Sensors\u2019Dr. Assefa M. MelesseDepartment of Environmental Studies, ECS 339, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USATel.: +1-305-348-6518; Fax: +1-305-348-6137http://www.fiu.edu/\u223cmelessea/Website: assefa.melesse@fiu.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Biosensors\u2019Dr. Alexander StarDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USATel.: +1-412-624-6493; Fax: +1-412-624-4027http://www.pitt.edu/\u223castar/Website: astar@pitt.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Sensor Networks\u2019Dr. Mohamed F. YounisDepartment of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USATel.: +1-410-455-3968; Fax: +1-410-455-3969http://www.csee.umbc.edu/\u223cyounisWebsite: younis@cs.umbc.eduE-Mail:"}
{"text": "Multiple author names were incorrectly represented in the Citation. The correct Citation is: Azmat SK, Shaikh BT, Hameed W, Mustafa G, Hussain W, et al. (2013) Impact of Social Franchising on Contraceptive Use When Complemented by Vouchers: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Rural Pakistan. PLoS ONE 8(9): e74260. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074260."}
{"text": "The word \"Comorbidity\" is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Describing and Quantifying Asthma Comorbidity: A Population Study.The correct citation is: Gershon AS, Guan J, Wang C, Victor JC, To T (2012) Describing and Quantifying Asthma Comorbidity: A Population Study. PLoS ONE 7(5): e34967. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034967"}
{"text": "There was a spelling error in the second author's name. The correct spelling is Bhanu Mahajan. The correct citation is: Zinn PO, Mahajan B, Sathyan P, Singh SK, Majumder S, et al. (2011) Radiogenomic Mapping of Edema/Cellular Invasion MRI-Phenotypes in Glioblastoma Multiforme. PLoS ONE 6(10): e25451. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025451"}
{"text": "The name of the third author is: Maartje G. NoordhuisVGF and PGP9.5 with Ovarian Cancer Progression. PLoS ONE 8(9): e70878. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070878 The correct version of the citation is: Brait M, Maldonado L, Noordhuis MG, Begum S, Loyo M, et al. (2013) Association of Promoter Methylation of"}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly, and an initial of theirs was also incorrectly omitted. The correct name is: Diane J. Schimdt. The correct citation is: Villabona-Arenas CJ, Mondini A, Bosch I, Schimdt DJ, Calzavara-Silva CE, et al. (2013) Dengue Virus Type 3 Adaptive Changes during Epidemics in S\u00e3o Jose de Rio Preto, Brazil, 2006\u20132007. PLoS ONE 8(5): e63496. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063496. The correct abbreviation in Contributions is: DJS."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Kirk K. McNaughton.The correct citation is: Ding S, Walton KLW, Blue RE, McNaughton KK, Magness ST, et al. (2012) Mucosal Healing and Fibrosis after Acute or Chronic Inflammation in Wild Type FVB-N Mice and C57BL6 Procollagen \u03b11(I)-Promoter-GFP Reporter Mice. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42568. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042568"}
{"text": "The authors would like to add H. A. Jinnah as a contributing author. The updated citation is: Kang TH, Guibinga G-H, Jinnah HA, Friedmann T (2011) HPRT Deficiency Coordinately Dysregulates Canonical Wnt and Presenilin-1 Signaling: A Neuro-Developmental Regulatory Role for a Housekeeping Gene? PLoS ONE 6(1): e16572. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016572 Affiliation of H. A. Jinnah: Departments of Neurology, Human Genetics, &amp; Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Contributions of H. A. Jinnah: provided materials/reagents, data analysis, and manuscript preparation."}
{"text": "AbstractCymodusa Holmgren (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) are reviewed. Four species of Cymodusa (Cymodusa) are reported from Korea, including one newly recorded species, Cymodusa aenigma Dbar (1985), and three new species, Cymodusa koreanasp. n., Cymodusa yeungnamensissp. n. and Cymodusa geolimisp. n. This genus is reported for the first time from Korea. Descriptions with photographs of new species, line drawings of propodeum and metasomal tergites of the Palaearctic species of the \u201caustralis\u201d group and a key to the Korean Cymodusa species are provided.Korean species of the genus  PageBreakCymodusa Holmgren (1859) is a moderately large genus in the subfamily Campopleginae F\u00f6rster with contains about 40 described species from the Eastern Palaearctic, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental and Western Palaearctic regions , Cymodusa orientalis Uchida (1956), Cymodusa longiterebra Dbar (1985), Cymodusa tibialis Dbar (1985), Cymodusa rufiventris Dbar (1985), Cymodusa aenigma Dbar (1985), Cymodusa parva Dbar (1985) and Cymodusa oculator Dbar (1985), in the Palaearctic region as well as three species and one subspecies, Cymodusa dravida Gupta & Gupta (1974), Cymodusa josephi Gupta & Gupta (1974), Cymodusa josephi malaise Gupta & Gupta (1974) and Cymodusa shiva Gupta & Gupta (1974), in the Oriental region.australis\u201d group can easily be distinguished from the other species groups by the following characteristics: temple very narrowed; areolet with the 2nd recurrent vein before the middle; 6th and 7th tergites deeply emarginate in dorsal view.The \u201caustralis\u201d group of Cymodusa for the first time from Korea, including one newly recorded species and three new species.In this study, we report the \u201cMaterials used in this work were collected by sweeping and Malaise trapping, and were deposited in the animal systematic laboratory of the Yeungnam University . Some specimens examined in this study were loaned by the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Sektionen for Entomologi  . Specimens were examined using a stereo microscope  and key characters shown in the photographs were produced using a Delta imaging system . The morphological terminology is mostly that of GenusHolmgren, 1859http://species-id.net/wiki/CymodusaCymodusaCymodusa leucocera Holmgren  Holmgren, 1859: 327. TS: ThersiliaThersitia egregia Schmiedeknecht) = Cymodusa leucocera Holmgren.  Schmiedeknecht, 1907: 598. TS:  aenigma Dbar, 1985: 589. Holotype: female; TD: ZI. [Korea]: 2 females, Mureung valley, Samhwa-dong, Donghae-si GW, Korea, 15 July\u20131 August 2005, MT , J.W. Lee; 1 female, ditto, 9\u201317 August 2005, MT, J.W. Lee; 1 female, ditto, 31 August-10 September 2005, MT, J.W. Lee.Female. Body length 6.1 mm.Fore wing length 3.3\u20133.8 mm.PageBreakAntenna with 34\u201335 flagellomeres.PageBreakColor. Head black. Scape and pedicel blackish brown. Mandible yellow, apically brown; labial and maxillary palps pale yellow. Antenna blackish brown. Mesosoma black. Tegula brown. Fore leg yellow; mid leg yellowish brown; hind coxa black, trochanter dark brown, femur and tibia brown, tarsus blackish brown. Metasoma black. Thyridium reddish brown. 5th to 7th metasomal segments reddish brown. Ovipositor yellowish brown.Morphology.Head: Head finely and densely punctate. Occiput flat and polished. Temple broad and convex, finely punctate. Mandible very short, upper tooth longer than lower tooth . Ocelli Mesosoma: Pronotum covered with transverse striae ; epomia nd tergite by more than 3.0 times its diameter; distance between base of 2nd tergite and thyridium 0.6 times distance between base of 2nd tergite and spiracle , Japan, Russia .Choi & Leesp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEEED4C3-D4B6-4E22-9E00-C20FB416D51Ehttp://species-id.net/wiki/Cymodusa_koreanaHolotype: [Korea] (TD: YNU): 1 female, Unmunsa, Chungdo-gun, GB, Korea, 21.V.1989, I.S. Ye.Paratypes: [Korea] (TD: YNU): 1 female, Gyeonbongsa, Ganseong, GW, Korea, 22 May 1992, J.W. Lee; 1 female, Mureung Valley, Samhwa-dong, Donghae-si, GW, Korea, 20 September\u20132 October 2006, MT, J.W. Lee; 1 female, ditto, 28 August-10 September 2006, MT, J.W. Lee; 1 female, Yeungnam Univ., Gyeongsan-si, GB, 13 May 1985, E.S. Kim; 1 female, Mirimsan, Bonghwa-gun, 4 May 1997, J.C. Jeong.. Body length 7.3 mm.Fore wing length 4.1 mm.PageBreakPageBreakAntenna with 31\u201332 flagellomeres.Color. Head, scape and pedicel black. Mandible yellow, apically brown. Labial and maxillary palps pale yellow. Antenna blackish brown. Mesosoma black. Tegula yellow. Fore leg yellow; mid leg yellowish brown; hind coxa black, trochanter dark brown, trochantellus yellow, femur brown, tibia yellow medially, brown basally and apically, tarsus brown. Metasoma black, tergites apically narrowly reddish brown. Thyridium reddish brown.st flagellomere 1.3 times as long as 2nd flagellomere.Head: Head finely and densely punctate. Occiput flat and polished. Temple broad and convex, finely punctate. Mandible very short, upper tooth as long as lower tooth . MinimumMesosoma: Pronotum with transverse striae ventrally ; epomia nd tergite by more than 2.0 times its diameter; distance between base of 2nd tergite and thyridium 0.5 times as long as distance between base of 2nd tergite and spiracle : 1 female, Yeungnam Univ., Gyeungsan-si, GB, Korea, 21 May 1990, M.J. Kim.PageBreakPageBreakParatype: [Korea] (TD: YNU): 1 female, Yeungnam Univ., Gyeungsan-si, GB, Korea, 19 June 1992, G.Y. Lee.. Body length 6.9 mm.Fore wing length 4.0 mm.Antenna with 18+ flagellomeres, apical flagellomeres missing. (antenna with 32 flagellomeres at paratype)Color. Head black. Scape and pedicel blackish brown. Antenna black, except 3 antennal flagellomeres yellow. Mandible yellow, brown apically. Mesosoma black; tegula brown. Fore leg yellowish brown; mid coxa black, brown apically, trochanter and trochantellus yellow, femur to tarsus brown; hind coxa and trochanter black, trochantellus yellow, femur blackish brown, tibia reddish brown, blackish brown basally and apically, tarsus blackish brown. Metasoma blackish brown; petiole black. Thyridium reddish brown. Ovipositor brown.Morphology.st flagellomere 1.5 times as long as 2nd flagellomere.Head: Head densely finely punctate; Vertex slightly punctate. Occiput flat and polished. Temple finely punctate and flat. Mandible very short, upper tooth as long as lower one . MinimumMesosoma: Pronotum sparsely punctate; upper part reticulate; ventrally with transverse striae ; epomia nd tergite by more than 3.0 times its diameter; distance between base of 2nd tergite and thyridium 0.5 times as long as distance between base of 2nd tergite and spiracle .This species is similar to PageBreakChoi & Leesp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:78152C58-FD90-4622-B380-53174A5C55BChttp://species-id.net/wiki/Cymodusa_geolimiHolotype: [Korea] (TD: YNU): 1 female, Mureung valley, Samhwa-dong, Donghae-si GW, Korea, 16-28 June 2005, MT, J.W. Lee.Paratype: [Korea] (TD: YNU): 1 female, Gajoa-dong, Jinju-si, GN, Korea, 3-9 June 1989, J.W. Lee.. Body length 5.8 mm.Fore wing length 3.4 mm.Antenna with 31 flagellomeres.Color. Head black. Scape and pedicel blackish brown. Antenna black. Mandible yellow, brown apically. Mesosoma black; tegula brown. Fore leg yellowish brown; mid coxa black, brown apically, trochanter and trochantellus yellow, femur to tarsus brown; hind coxa and trochanter black, trochantellus yellow, femur blackish brown, tibia reddish brown, blackish brown basally and apically, tarsus blackish brown. Metasoma blackish brown; petiole black. Thyridium reddish brown. Ovipositor brown.Morphology.st flagellomere 1.3 times as long as 2nd flagellomere.Head: Head closely and finely punctate. Vertex slightly punctate. Occiput flat and polished. Temple finely punctate and flat. Mandibles short, upper tooth as long as lower one. Minimum distance between eyes 0.6 times as long as maximum distance . Ocelli Mesosoma: Pronotum sparsely punctate; upper part reticulated; lower part with transverse striae; epomia absent. Mesoscutum closely and finely punctate; notaulus absent . Mesoplend tergite by more than 4.0 times its diameter; distance between base of 2nd tergite and thyridium 0.6 times as long as distance between base of 2nd tergite and spiracle  but differs by the number of flagellar segments, developed clypeal fovea, basal area and areola not separated, and a different color pattern.This species is similar to PageBreakPageBreak"}
{"text": "AbstractLaena Dejean, Laena quadratasp. n. and Laena motoganasp. n.(China: Xizang), Laena chiloriluxasp. n., Laena dentatasp. n. and Laena liangisp. n. (China: Yunnan), Laena dentatocrassasp. n.  are described, complemented with photos of habitus, illustrations of legs, antenna, aedeagus and last abdominal ventrite of male and female. Type specimens are deposited in both the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China and the Natural History Museum of Stuttgart, Germany.A key to the 102 Chinese species of genus Laena is provided.Six new species of  Laena Dejean were described from the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions, from which about 105 species (including the six new ones described below) were found in China. Most of them were described by the following authors: PageBreakUntil now about 330 species of the genus Laena were identified from Xizang, Yunnan and Hainan Island (representing new province record of the genus) of China. The collecting localities of these new species are depicted in Recently six new species of Dejean, 1821Laena Dejean, 1821: 64; Latreille, 1829: 39.Psilolaena Helier, 1923: 70.Catolaena Reitter, 1900: 282.Ebertius Jedli\u010dka, 1965: 98.Scaurus viennensis J. Sturm, 1807.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:10B63410-9E19-436F-8E04-E4D137BBF94Bhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Laena_quadrata29.0649\u00b0N, 92.4656\u00b0E], 3500 m, 29 June 2009, G. D. Ren leg.Holotype \u2642 (MHBU): China, Xizang, Gyaca Coun., Lasui , 1700 m, 14 November 2008, J. Y. Hu & L. Tang leg.Paratype: 1\u2642 (SMNS): labelled as the holotype; 1\u2640 (SMNS), 1\u2640(MHBU): China, Yunnan, Bababhe, Dianshita, 1900 m, 30 June 2005, LI & LI leg; 1\u2640 (MHUB): China, Yunnan, Bababhe. N. R. Bengganghan [Named after the green metallic shine of the body.Laena luguica Schawaller, 2001, but can be easily distinguished from it by the following characters: (1) all tibiae of male with finely hooked inner apex, especially the middle tibiae; (2) last abdominal ventrite of male denticulate at apex; (3) the shape of the aedeagus is different.The new species is similar to Male. Dorsal side with green metallic shine. Eyes  ellipticPronotum  cordiforElytra  oblong, All femora  each witLast abdominal ventrite  denticulPageBreakFemale: Dorsal side without green metallic shine. Last abdominal ventrite (ventrite  sharp atBody length: 6.2\u20137.2 mm.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D27A8819-4E08-41AE-AE46-C57D4913B28Ehttp://species-id.net/wiki/Laena_dentataHolotype \u2642 (MHUB): China, Yunnan, Dali, Cangshan E slope, 3400 m, 19 August 2008, J. S. Xu leg.Paratype: 1\u2640 (MHUB): labelled as the holotype.PageBreakNamed after anterior tibiae of male with a medial tooth.Laena schusteri Schawaller, 2001 the body shape, and the medial tooth of anterior tibia, but can be separated by the teeth of all femora, and middle and posterior tibiae of male with finely hooked inner apex.The new species shares with Male. Eyes  ellipticPronotum  ellipticPageBreakElytra : China, Yunnan, Gongshan County, No 12 Bridge [Laena in China.Named after Dr. LIANG Hong-Bin, who collected several new species of Laena kalabi Schawaller, 2008, but can be easily distinguished from it by the following characters: (1) middle tibiae of male with finely hooked inner apex; (2) anterior and middle tibiae of male medially not sinuate, posterior tibiae of male apex not dilated; (3) shape of the aedeagus is different.The new species is similar to Male. Eyes  ellipticPronotum  quadratePageBreak bearing a shorter seta, intervals with very small punctures, each bearing a similar seta, all intervals flat and dull, interval IX with 3 indistinct setiferous umbilicate pores, interval VII with an indistinct setiferous pore in posterior region.Elytra  nearly pAll femora  without Last abdominal ventrite  truncateFemale: unkown.Body length: 9.4 mm.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FE8B1802-76E7-4E46-BD42-9D415A5BB39Fhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Laena_dentatocrassaHolotype \u2642 (MHUB): China, Hainan Island, Jianfengling, 25 May 2011, X. Q. Yang & L. F. Wang leg.Paratype: 1\u2642 (SMNS), 1\u2642 (MHUB): China, Hainan Island, Jianfengling, 25 May 2011, X. Q. Yang & C. Zhang leg; 1\u2642, 2\u2640\u2640 (MHUB): labeled as the holotype.PageBreakNamed after the massive teeth of the femora.Laena jizushana Masumoto, 1996, but can be easily distinguished from it by the following characters: (1) body with long and erect setae; (2) posterior femur of male with distinct granulation at inner side; (3) all tibiae of male with granulation at inner side and with finely hooked inner apex; (4) the shape of the aedeagus is different.The new species is similar to Male. Eyes  rounded,Pronotum  elongateElytra  oblong, All femora  each witLast abdominal ventrite  nearly rFemales: Ventrite  nearly sBody length: 5.0\u20136.0 mm."}
{"text": "The name of the second author is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Yu-Chiang Hung.The correct Citation is: Chiu HE, Hung Y-C, Chang K-C, Shih C-C, Hung J-W, et al. (2014) Favorable Circulatory System Outcomes as Adjuvant Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Treatment for Cerebrovascular Diseases in Taiwan. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86351. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086351."}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Zhi-Qin Jiang. The correct citation is: Overman MJ, Zhang J, Kopetz S, Davies M, Jiang Z-Q, et al. (2013) Gene Expression Profiling of Ampullary Carcinomas Classifies Ampullary Carcinomas into Biliary-Like and Intestinal-Like Subtypes That Are Prognostic of Outcome. PLoS ONE 8(6): e65144. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065144. The correct abbreviation in Citations is: ZQJ."}
{"text": "AbstractAcrotona horwoodae Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 2) Atheta (Microdota) microelytrata Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 3) Atheta (Microdota) riparia Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 4) Atheta (Datomicra) whitehorsensis Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 5) Ocyusa yukonensis Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 6) Philhygra pseudolarsoniKlimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 7) Philhygra terrestris Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; 8) Boreophilia davidgei Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.; and 9) Boreophilia herschelensis Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.The aleocharine beetles of the Yukon Territory, Canada are reviewed based on material studied since the most recent survey of the territory in 2008. The present contribution recognizes a fauna of 125 species, of which 9 are new to science, 20 represent new territorial records and one represents a new Canadian record. Seventeen species are considered Holarctic, 6 introduced, and 2 species are of undetermined status (Holarctic or adventive). The Yukon fauna is classified in 32 genera and 8 tribes. The new species are: 1)  Staphylinidae and embraces a wide variety of morphologically and ecologically diverse species that are poorly documented in Canada. This subfamily is widely distributed in North America and occurs in almost all terrestrial habitats. Most species are found in forests where they occur in leaf litter, under bark, in fungi, in moss and within the nests of ants, mammals and birds. In forest litter, the aleocharine fauna is a dominant group and part of a complex ecological web that is responsible for nutrient cycling, which ultimately contributes to forest productivity and resilience  and Adobe Photoshop software.Over 1,226 adults of PageBreakMorphological terminology mainly follows that used by Carex and grasses with some willows). All other sample collections were from organic litter sifting.Samples collected in this study include those from the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN) plots. Two l ha plots, the Fireweed Drive (mixed pine and willow forest) and Cadet Camp (white spruce mature forest with feathermoss ground cover), have been reserved for long-term monitoring. All samples from these locations were collected from pitfall traps operating from late May to late September. Additional pitfall samples were collected by Donald Reid from early June to early August 2007, and early June to mid August 2008 at an alluvial fan on Hershel Island .Order ColeopteraStaphylinidae LatreilleFamily Aleocharinae FlemingSubfamily Gymnusini HeerI. Tribe Gymnusa GravenhorstBrevicollis GroupGymnusa atra Casey**1. Gymnusa konopackii Klimaszewski2. Variegata GroupGymnusa pseudovariegata Klimaszewski3. Gymnusa smetanai Klimaszewski**4. Gymnusa campbelli Klimaszewski5. Aleocharini FlemingII. Tribe Aleochara GravenhorstAleochara s. str.Subgenus Aleochara (s. str.) assiniboin Klimaszewski6. Aleochara (s. str.) lata Gravenhorst*7. Aleochara (s. str.) sekanai Klimaszewski8. Aleochara (s. str.) tahoensis Casey9. CoprocharaSubgenus Aleochara (Coprochara) verna Say10. XenocharaSubgenus Aleochara (Xenochara) castaneipennis Mannerheim11. Aleochara (Xenochara) fumata Gravenhorst*12. Oxypodini ThomsonIII. Tribe Calodera MannerheimCalodera parviceps (Casey) (NTR)13. Devia BlackwelderPageBreakDevia prospera (Erichson)**14. Gnathusa FenyesGnathusa caribou Lohse15. Gnathusa evaFenyes (NTR)16. Gnathusa tenuicornis Fenyes (NTR)17. Parocalea BernhauerParocalea nearctica Lohse18. Parocalea pseudobaicalica Lohse19. Neothetalia KlimaszewskiNeothetalia canadiana Klimaszewski20. Ocyusa KraatzOcyusa yukonensis Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.21. Ocyusa canadensis Lohse22. Oxypoda MannerheimConvergens GroupOxypoda pseudoconvergens Klimaszewski & Godin23. Oxypoda canadensis Klimaszewski (NTR)24. Lacustris GroupOxypoda lacustris Casey25. Oxypoda hiemalis Casey26. Lucidula GroupOxypoda lucidula Casey27. Oxypoda demissa Casey28. Operta GroupOxypoda operta Sj\u00f6berg* (NTR)29. Irrasa GroupOxypoda irrasa M\u00e4klin30. Inimica GroupOxypoda yukonensis Klimaszewski & Godin31. Orbicollis GroupOxypoda orbicollis Casey32. Oxypoda frigida Bernhauer33. Grandipennis GroupOxypoda grandipennis (Casey)34. Amica GroupOxypoda amica Casey (NTR)35. Phloeopora ErichsonPhloeopora arctica Lohse36. Brachyusa Mulsant and ReyBrachyusa helenae (Casey) (NTR)37. Gnypeta ThomsonSelmani GroupGnypeta ashei Klimaszewski38. PageBreak39. Gnypeta brincki PalmGnypeta sellmani Brundin**40. Caerulea GroupGnypeta caerulea** (C.R. Sahlberg)41. IV. Tribe HypocyphtiniCypha LeachCypha inexpectata Klimaszewski & Godin42. Myllaenini GanglbauerV. Tribe Myllaena ErichsonInsomnis GroupMyllaena insomnis Casey43. Homalotini HeerVI. Tribe Gyrophaena MannerheimNana GroupGyrophaena nana (Paykull)**44. Gyrophaena neonana Seevers45. Keeni GroupGyrophaena keeni Casey46. Pulchella GroupGyrophaena criddlei Casey (NTR) [tentative]47. Silusa ErichsonSilusa californica (Bernhauer)48. Placusini Mulsant and ReyVII. Tribe Placusa ErichsonPlacusa tacomae Casey49. Placusa vaga Casey50. Athetini CaseyVIII. Tribe Acrotona ThomsonAcrotona onthophila Lohse51. Acrotona horwoodae Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.52. Mocyta Mulsant and ReyMocyta breviuscula (M\u00e4klin)53. Mocyta fungi (Gravenhorst)*54. Strigota CaseyStrigota ambigua (Erichson) (NTR)55. Amischa ThomsonAmischa praelonga (Casey) 56. Amischa tersa Casey [tentative]PageBreak57. Atheta ThomsonSubgenus Atheta ThomsonAtheta (s. str.) graminicola (Gravenhorst)**58. Atheta (s. str.) martini Lohse59. Subgenus Pseudota CaseyKlagesi GroupAtheta (Pseudota) klagesi Bernhauer60. Subgenus Oreostiba GanglbauerAtheta (Oreostiba) sparreschneideri Munster**61. Subgenus Alaobia ThomsonAtheta (Alaobia) ventricosa Bernhauer62. Subgenus Bessobia ThomsonAtheta (Bessobia) cryptica (Lohse)63. Subgenus Dimetrota Mulsant and ReyAltaica GroupAtheta (Dimetrota) altaica Bernhauer **64. Atheta (Dimetrota) nearctica (Lohse)65. Prudhoensis GroupAtheta (Dimetrota) prudhoensis (Lohse)66. Atheta (Dimetrota) burwelli (Lohse)67. Atheta (Dimetrota) terranovae Klimaszewski & Langor (NTR)68. Atheta (Dimetrota) caribou (Lohse)69. Atheta (Dimetrota) strigosula Casey70. Atheta (Dimetrota) pseudometlakatlana Klimaszewski & Godin71. Modesta GroupAtheta (Dimetrota) pseudocrenuliventris Klimaszewski72. Campbelli GroupAtheta (Dimetrota) smetanai (Lohse)73. Atheta (Dimetrota) campbelli (Lohse)74. Fanatica GroupAtheta (Dimetrota) fanatica Casey(NTR)75. Atheta (Dimetrota) munsteri Bernhauer**76. Cadeti GroupAtheta (Dimetrota) cadeti Klimaszewski and Godin77. Subgenus Rhagocneme MunsterAtheta (Rhagocneme) subsinuata (Erichson)*78. Subgenus Datomicra Mulsant and ReyAtheta (Datomicra) dadopora Thomson* or **79. Atheta (Datomicra) whitehorsensis Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.80. Subgenus Microdota Mulsant and ReyAtheta (Microdota) platonoffi Brundin** (NTR)81. Atheta (Microdota) pratensis (M\u00e4klin) (NTR)82. Atheta (Microdota) microelytrata Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.83. Atheta (Microdota) riparia Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.84. SUBGENUS UNCERTAINAtheta brunswickensis Klimaszewski85. Atheta capsularis Klimaszewski86. Atheta remulsa Casey87. Dinaraea ThomsonDinaraea angustula * (NTR)88. Dinaraea planaris (M\u00e4klin)89. Dochmonota ThomsonDochmonota rudiventris (Eppelsheim)* or **90. Hydrosmecta ThomsonHydrosmecta pseudodiosica Lohse91. Earota Mulsant and ReyEarota dentata (Bernhauer)92. Emmelostiba PaceEmmelostiba microptera (Lohse)93. Liogluta ThomsonLiogluta aloconotoides Lohse94. Liogluta granulosa Lohse95. Liogluta trapezicollis Lohse96. Liogluta nigropolita (Bernhauer)97. Lypoglossa FenyesLypoglossa angularis (M\u00e4klin)98. Lypoglossa franclemonti Hoebeke (NTR)99. Philhygra Mulsant and ReyPhilhygra pseudopolaris Klimaszewski and Langor [listed as Philhygra polaris (Bernhauer) by 100. Philhygra botanicarum (Muona)**101. Philhygra pseudolarsoniKlimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.102. Philhygra sinuipennis Klimaszewski & Langor (NTR)103. Philhygra malleoides Lohse104. Philhygra leechi Lohse (NTR)105. Philhygra ripicoloides Lohse106. Philhygra pseudoboreostiba Lohse107. Philhygra juni Lohse108. Philhygra clemens (Casey) (NTR)109. Philhygra terrestris Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.110. Philhygra jarmilae Klimaszewski & Langor (NTR)111. Boreophilia BenickBoreophilia islandica (Kraatz)**112. Boreophilia nearctica Lohse113. Boreophilia blatchleyi (Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz)114. Boreophilia venti (Lohse)PageBreak115. Boreophilia nomensis (Casey) [Boreophilia caseyiana Lohse, which was synonymized by 116. Boreophilia caseyi Lohse117. Boreophilia insecuta (Eppelsheim)**118. Boreophilia gelida (J. Sahlberg)**119. Boreophilia herschelensis Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.120. Boreophilia davidgei Klimaszewski & Godin, sp. n.121. Boreostiba LohseBoreostiba frigida (J. Sahlberg)** [= sibirica sensu Lohse in 122. Boreostiba sibirica (M\u00e4klin)**123. Boreostiba parvipennis (Bernhauer)124. Boreostiba lagunae Lohse125. (Casey)http://species-id.net/wiki/Calodera_parvicepsFenyeshttp://species-id.net/wiki/Gnathusa_evaFenyeshttp://species-id.net/wiki/Gnathusa_tenuicornisKlimaszewski & Godinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CAF7FE71-43FD-4C09-9B9C-FE58D3D72F29http://species-id.net/wiki/Ocyusa_yukonensis. Canada, Yukon, EMAN Plot , mature white spruce and feathermoss forest, 60.5963, -134.9522, 8.VII.2003, 738 m, yellow pitfall trap (LMKM31Y), (LFC).Yukon, EMAN Plot, 60.5963, -134.9522, 24.VII.2003, 738 m, black pitfall trap (LMKM31B), (ECW) 1 male.Yukonensis - a Latin adjective derived from the Yukon Territory, Canada.Body small, subparallel, robust, uniformly dark brown, almost black; length 2.8\u20133.0 mm; head round in outline and almost as wide as pronotum; antennae with article 4 subquadrate, 5\u201310 moderately transverse, increasingly wider apicad; pronotum transverse, angular posteriad and slightly narrower than maximum width of elytra; abdomen subparallel, at base as wide as elytra . MALE: mThis native Nearctic species is known only from the type locality in the Yukon.Two adults were collected in July.Klimaszewskihttp://species-id.net/wiki/Oxypoda_canadensisSj\u00f6berg* or **http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxypoda_operta(Casey)http://species-id.net/wiki/Brachyusa_helenaeCaseyhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Gyrophaena_criddleiGyrophaena criddlei but a male is needed for positive confirmation of this species in the Yukon Territory.The two females are tentatively identified as Klimaszewski & Godinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D5CA8598-36E8-40B4-AEAD-20D013A6964Ehttp://species-id.net/wiki/Acrotona_horwoodae. Canada, Yukon, Whitehorse, Paddy\u2019s Pond, 60.7067, -135.0917, 27.V.2008, 649 m, litter sifting, mixed aspen and white spruce forest, B. Godin (LFC).. Same data as the holotype (ECW).This species name is dedicated to Denise Horwood, wife of the second author, who assisted him in numerous aleocharine sample collections.Body narrowly oval, moderately convex, uniformly black, punctation on forebody fine, dense and not asperate, microsculpture fine but not pronounced; length 2.4 mm; head narrower than pronotum, ratio of maximum width of head to maximum width of pronotum 0.7; antennal articles 7\u201310 slightly transverse; pronotum moderately transverse, ratio of maximum width to length 1.4, about as wide as elytra; elytra at suture about as long as pronotum; abdomen slightly narrowed posteriad . MALE: tBionomics. The specimens were found by sifting forest litter in May.Comments. The shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus and the spermatheca of Acrotona horwoodae are different from all recorded species of Nearctic Acrotona, and they are generally similar to those of the Palaearctic species Acrotona aterrima Gravenhorst, which is brown and has a much broader body.(Erichson)http://species-id.net/wiki/Strigota_ambigua(Casey)http://species-id.net/wiki/Amischa_praelongaAmischa morphotypes were recognized in the Yukon material on the basis of external body characters and the shape of the spermatheca. They are not included in this account because they are difficult to associate with any of the recorded species. The first morphospecies is represented by three narrowly elongate bicoloured specimens with the head and 4\u20135 basal abdominal tergites almost black, with the pronotum brown and the appendages and posterior of the elytra light brown, and with the spermathecal capsule moderately elongate with a moderately long apical invagination. The second morphospecies is represented by three specimens, which are broader, with the body uniformly dark brown to almost black, and the spermathecal capsule broader and shorter apically and with a longer apical invagination. Both groups have the apex of tergite 8 deeply notched. We need more specimens and representatives of both sexes to establish the status of these morphotypes.Two additional Klimaszewski & Langorhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Atheta_terranovaeCaseyhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Atheta_fanaticaKlimaszewski & Godinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9ACD0F86-341A-4855-925A-51104BB8C8F4http://species-id.net/wiki/Atheta_whitehorsensisCanada, Yukon, Whitehorse, Granger, 60.7078, -135.0971, 25.VIII.2007, 657 m, soil sifting, black spruce stand, AWT, B. Godin (LFC).Canada, Yukon, Whitehorse, Granger, 60.7078, -135.0971, 5.VIII.2007, 657 m, soil sifting, black spruce stand, AWT, B. Godin (ECW) 1 female.The specific name derives from the name of the type locality, which is Whitehorse, Yukon.Body narrowly oval, dark brown to black, with bases of antennae and legs rust-brown, surface matte, with asperate dense punctation on forebody and strong meshed microsculpture ; length Atheta (Dimetrota) hampshirensis Bernhauer and Atheta (Datomicra) dadopora Thomson but differs in the shape of the spermatheca and median lobe of the aedeagus, and has a broader body than the latter species.This species is similar externally to This native Nearctic species is known only from the type locality in the Yukon Territory.Adults were captured by sifting soil in a black spruce stand.Brundin**http://species-id.net/wiki/Atheta_platonoffi(M\u00e4klin)http://species-id.net/wiki/Atheta_pratensisKlimaszewski & Godinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A75DCD78-E696-4AE7-8E8C-ACAF8F3B3F7Ehttp://species-id.net/wiki/Atheta_microelytrata. Canada, Yukon, Whitehorse, Takhini, hotsprings, 60.8769, -135.3596, 30.IV.2009, 716 m, aspen litter \u2013 soil sifting, B. Godin (LFC).. Canada, Yukon, Whitehorse, Takhini, hotsprings, 60.8769, -135.3596, 19.IX.2009, 716 m, alder/willow litter, soil sifting, B. Godin (ECW) 2 males; same data except: 3.V.2009  2 females.The specific name derives from the word micro, meaning small, and elytra,in allusion to the small and short elytra of this species.Body narrowly subparallel; dark brown, with bases of antennae and legs rust-brown; strongly glossy, with fine and moderately dense punctation on forebody and strong, meshed microsculpture ; head asGeostiba and Emmelostiba but has typical Atheta-like genitalia.This species bears some superficial external similarity to This native Nearctic species is known only from the type locality in the Yukon Territory.Adults were found in aspen, alder and willow litter in March, May and September.Klimaszewski & Godinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BC82DFB4-F60B-4758-9860-BC23B2F3D6DChttp://species-id.net/wiki/Atheta_riparia. Canada, Yukon, Whitehorse, Paddy\u2019s Pond, 60.7067, -135.0917, 16.IX.2007, 649 m, litter sifting, mixed aspen and white spruce forest, B. Godin (LFC).Same data as the holotype (ECW) 1 male.Canada, Yukon, Watson Lake, Watson Creek, 60.12723, -128.8053, 16.VIII.2007, 697 m, mushrooms, B. Godin (LFC) 1 female.riparius, -a, -um,in allusion to the wet litter where the types were found.The name of this species derives from the Latin adjective Body small and narrow, subparallel; black, with tarsi reddish-brown; moderately glossy, with fine, dense punctation and meshed microsculpture on forebody ; head apMicrodota by the combination of body shape, strongly punctate surface and the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus and spermatheca.This species differs from other Nearctic Distribution. This native Nearctic species is known only from the Yukon Territory but it is probably more widely distributed in northern Canada.Bionomics. The two males were captured in September in wet, organic litter and the female was found in mushrooms in mid-August.*http://species-id.net/wiki/Dinaraea_angustulaHoebekehttp://species-id.net/wiki/Lypoglossa_franclemontiKlimaszewski & Godinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:64A996FC-47AE-453A-A112-B57D0C0D950Fhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Philhygra_pseudolarsoniCanada, Yukon, Whitehorse, Paddy\u2019s Pond, 60.7067, -135.0917, 26.V.2007, 649 m, litter sifting, mixed aspen and white spruce forest, B. Godin (LFC).same label data as the holotype (ECW) 1 male; Watson Lake, Watson Creek, 60.1272, -128.8053, 4.VI.2007,697 m, deciduous forest soil sifting, B. Godin (ECW) 1 male, 1 female.larsoni (Philhygra larsoni Klimaszewski and Langor), and the prefix pseudo  in relation to the similarity of the two species in external and, to a lesser degree, genitalic morphology.This species name derives from the specific name Body narrowly subparallel, uniformly black or black with legs and sutural part of elytra reddish-brown ; moderatFemale. tergite 8 truncate apically ; sternitThis species is known only from Whitehorse and Watson Lake in the Yukon Territory.. This species was collected in May and June from ground litter.Philhygra pseudolarsoni is similar in both external morphology and genitalia to Philhygra larsoni Klimaszewski and Langor. However, it may be distinguished from Philhygra larsoni by the smaller and darker body, quadrate or transverse antennal articles 4\u201310 and by the median lobe of the aedeagus with a more elongate apical part of the tubus in lateral view.Klimaszewski & Langorhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Philhygra_sinuipennisLohsehttp://species-id.net/wiki/Philhygra_leechiKlimaszewski & Godinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:246EBFF8-C0AE-43D6-98D9-C99289EE7B47http://species-id.net/wiki/Philhygra_terrestris. Canada, Yukon, Whitehorse, Paddy\u2019s Pond, 60.7067, -135.0917, 26.V.2007, 649 m, litter sifting, mixed forest (aspen and white spruce), B. Godin (LFC).Etymology. This species name is an adjective that derives from the Latin word terra .Diagnosis. Body narrowly subparallel, head and abdomen black, pronotum and elytra brown, basal article of antenna and legs yellowish  \u2013 alluvial fan, D.G. Reid (LFC).Labeled as the holotype except: 1\u20133.VI.2007 (ECW) 1 male; 7.VI.2007 (ECW) 2 males; 10.VI.2007 (CNC) 1 male; 15.VI.2007 (ECW) 1 female; 17.VI.2007 (ECW) 1 male, 1 female; 19.VI.2007 (ECW) 1 female; 16.VII.2007 (LFC) 1 male, 1 female; 21.VII.2007 (ECW) 2 females; 31.VII.2007 (LFC) 1 male; 7.VI.2008 (ECW) 2 females; 7.VII.2008 (ECW) 2 females; 15.VII.2008 (ECW) 1 female; 11.VIII.2008 (ECW) 1 female.Named for the type locality, Herschel Island.Body narrow, subparallel, head and pronotum about the same width, elytra and abdomen slightly wider, uniformly black ; surfaceThe following combination of characters distinguishes this species from other congeners: narrow, subparallel and uniformly black body, integument of forebody matte and with dense microsculpture, median lobe of aedeagus narrow apically and spermatheca S-shaped.This Nearctic species is known only from the type locality on Herschel Island, Yukon.Adults were collected in June and July on an alluvial fan.Boreophilia nomensis Casey (=Boreophilia caseyiana Lohse) but differs by its uniformly black body and aedeagus with evenly narrow apical part of median lobe in lateral view.This species is superficially similar to Klimaszewski & Godinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6561B1F8-3DFD-4745-B5F3-7A3131152979http://species-id.net/wiki/Boreophilia_davidgei. Canada, Yukon, EMAN Plot, Cadet Camp, 60.5951, -134.9499, 20.IX.2006, 760 m, pitfall trap, mature white spruce and feathermoss forest, coll. EP Yukon, AJK (LFC).PageBreakkon, AHW (ECW) 1 female; same data except: 15.V.2002, JF (ECW) 1 female; 12.VI.2002, EV (ECW) 1 female; 18.X.2002, FD (CNC) 2 females; 8.VII.2003, LMK31Y. LJ (ECW) 1 female; Fireweed Dr., 60.6014, -134.9387, 23.IX.2000, 772 m, pitfall trap, mixed pine and willow forest, EP Yukon (ECW) 1 female; Whitehorse, Granger, 60.7078, -135.0971, 5.VIII.2007, 657 m, soil sifting, black spruce stand, B. Godin  2 females; same data except: 25.VIII.2007 (LFC) 1 female; Whitehorse, Paddy\u2019s Pond, 60.7067, -135.0917, 16.IX.2007, 649 m, litter sifting, mixed aspen and white spruce forest, B. Godin (ECW) 1 female; Upper Liard, Albert Creek, 60.0522, -128.928, 8.VII.2000, 699 m, deciduous litter sifting, B. Godin  2 females.Canada, Yukon, EMAN Plot, Cadet Camp, 60.5951, -134.9499, 29.V.2006, 760 m, pitfall trap, mature white spruce and feathermoss forest, EP YuNamed for Douglas Davidge, biological technician (ECW), who supported the second author in his work for 20 years.Body narrow, subparallel, head narrower than pronotum, elytra and abdomen slightly wider, uniformly brown with appendages yellowish-brown and antennae yellow, or with head and abdomen dark brown and rest of body light brown ; surfaceThe following combination of characters distinguishes this species from other congeners: body narrow, subparallel and brown, with pronotum, elytra and legs lighter, antennae yellowish, surface of forebody moderately glossy and with dense microsculpture, and spermatheca short and S-shaped.This Nearctic species is known only from the type localities in the Yukon Territory.Adults were collected from May to September from soil and organic litter.This species may be easily distinguished by the unique shape of the spermatheca."}
{"text": "Gyranusoidea iranica sp. n. and Microterys iranicus sp. n., are described and diagnostic characters are provided for them.A list of Iranian Encyrtidae  is given for the first time. It includes 93 species representing 32 genera. Host information from Iran and distributional data are also provided. Three genera and 7 species are first recorded from Iran. New host records are provided for three species. Two new species,  The Encyrtidae is the most speciose group of parasitoids attacking scale and psyllid insects. Members of the family are important in biological control. More than 400 encyrtid species have been used or are used today for suppression of various crop pests . There aThe encyrtid fauna in Iran has been a subject of special investigations only in the last few years.The first published records of Iranian Encyrtidae were those by Kiriukhin , who repAlthough many studies have been conducted on the Encyrtidae of Iran, their results were scattered in different publications and have never been summarized. The present list was compiled to provide a reference for future studies on this family in Iran. It includes insect hosts and associated host plants from Iran.Gyranusoidea iranica Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh sp. nov. and Microterys iranicus Japoshvili and Fallahzadeh sp. nov. are described.Ninety three species of Encyrtidae belonging to 32 genera are currently known from Iran. All references about Iranian Encyrtids are summarized and synonyms recorded from Iran are provided, as well as host information and distributional data. Three genera and seven species are first recorded from Iran. Additionally, new hosts are provided for three species. Two new species, Material was collected from 2005 to 2007 in different parts of Iran, and voucher specimens for new records and new species are deposited in the Insect collection of Entomology and Biocontrol Research centre, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. All available literature sources were summarized for the first time as well. Taxonomic concepts mostly follow Trjapitzin , Gibson Anicetus Howard, 1896, Gyranusoidea Compere, 1947 and ParanathrixGyranusoidea iranica and Microterys iranicus are described. The complete list of Encyrtid wasps of Iran follows. Iran is a large country incorporating various geographical regions and climates and we expect that many species remain to be discovered. More studies should be conducted on this important insect group in Iran.The list of Iranian Encyrtidae now contains 93 species belonging to 32 genera. Three genera not previously recorded from Iran are: Encyrtus fuscicollis Dalman, 1820 , H. padellus [Y. padella (L.)] on fruit tree (Rosaceae), H. rolellus [Y. rorrella (H\u00fcbner)] on Salix   (Haeselbarth 1983).Host: icaceae) , Y. maliIranian records: Azerbaijan, Hamadan, Kurdestan, Markazi, Zanjan, Tehran, Qazvin provinces , Iran T.Ageniaspis (Holcothorax) testaceipes (Ratzeburg 1848) (Synonym in Iranian literature: rg 1848) .Lithocolletis platani [Phyllonorycter platani (Staudinger)] (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on Platanus orientalis L. (Platanaceae) (Host: anaceae) .Iranian records: Tehran province , Iran T.Anagyrus indicus Shafee, Alam and Agarwal, 1975 .Synonym in Iranian literature: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus (Rutaceae) and Morus alba L. (Moraceae) (Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on M. alba L. (Moraceae) (Hosts: oraceae) , Maconeloraceae) .Iranian records: Khuzestan province , Tehran Anagyrus diversicornis Mercet, 1921  (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus (Rutaceae) and M. alba L. (Moraceae) (Host: oraceae) , 2005.Iranian records: Khuzestan province , Tehran N. viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus (Rutaceae) and Morus alba L. (Moraceae) (Planococcus citri (Rissio) on Citrus (M. hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on M. alba L. (Moraceae) (Hosts: oraceae) , Planocon Citrus ; M. hirsoraceae) .Iranian records: Khuzestan province , Tehran M. hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on M. alba L. (Moraceae) (Host: oraceae) .Iranian record: Fars province .Anagyrus orbitalis (Ruschka 1923) (Synonym in Iranian literature: ka 1923) .Peliococcus kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola L. (Asteraceae) (Host: eraceae) .Iranianeraceae) .N. viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus (Rutaceae) (M. hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on M. alba L. (Moraceae) (Host: utaceae) , M. hirsoraceae) .Iranian records: Khuzestan province , Fars prP. citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) (P. citi (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Marietta picta (Andre) on Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae)  (Pseudococcus filamentosus [Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead)]  on Citrus , Planococcus vovae (Nasonov) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae)  (N. viridis on Citrus (Rutaceae) (M. hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on M. alba L. (Moraceae) (Hosts: oraceae) , 1989, Plinidae) , Pseudococcidae) ; N. viriutaceae) , 2005 M.oraceae) .Iranian records: Tehran province  Fars proEulecanium coryli [Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus)] and Pulvinaria betulae [Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on rosaceous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (P. vitis (Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Hosts: osaceae) ; P. vitiP. vitis , Phenacooccidae) , 1989. Ioccidae) , Caspianoccidae) .Ceroplastes rusci L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), 28.IX.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.Material examined: 4\u2640, 2\u2642, Estahban, Fars province, ex Diaspidiotus prunorum (Laing) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and E. coryli [Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on rosaceous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (Hosts: osaceae) .Iranian records: Isfahan province .Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Eulecanium coryli [E. tiliae (Linnaeus)], E. tiliae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on rosaceous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Pistacia vera L. (Anacardiaceae) ; E. coryli [E. tiliae] on cherry tree, apple tree, plum tree, apricot tree (Rosaceae) S. prunastri on plum tree (Rosaceae) (Hosts: osaceae) ; Anapulvdiaceae) , E. tiliosaceae) .Iranian records: Isfahan, Tehran and Markazi provinces  Kerman pE. coryli [E. tiliae (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on quince tree (Rosaceae) (Host: osaceae) .Iranian record: Chaharmahal-Bakhtiyari province .Eulecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) (Host: oraceae) Iranian record: Fars province .Host: Unknown from Iran.Iranian record: Iran .Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus (Rutaceae)  (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Hosts: occidae) .Iranian records: Kerman province  (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (Hosts: ssaceae) .Iranian records: Fars province .S. prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Cocidae) on prunaceous trees (Host: us trees .Iranian records: Khorasan-e-Razavi province .S. prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus scoparia (Spach) (Rosaceae), 5.VI.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.Material examined: 1\u2640, Mian-Jangle, Fasa, Fars province, 22\u00b012\u2032N, 53\u00b023\u2032E, 1680m, ex P. kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Lactuca serriola L. (Asteraceae) (Host: eraceae) .Iranian records: Fars province .P. kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on L. serriola L. (Asteraceae) (Host: eraceae) . Iranianeraceae) .Kermania pistaciella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), via Chelonus kermakiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on P. vera L. (Anacardiacea)  .Iranian records: Kerman province .Host: Unknown from Iran.Iranian records: Iran , 1989.P. vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (Host: ssaceae) .Iranian record: Tehran province .A. orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus (Rutaceae) (Host: utaceae) .Iranian records: Hormozgan province .A. orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Citrus (Rutaceae) (Host: utaceae) .Iranian records: Fars province ; Iran P.Recurvaria pistacinella Danilevsky (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on P. vera L. (Anacardiaceae) (Host: diaceae) .Iranian records: Iran .Encyrtus varicornis Nees, 1834, Paralitomastix varicornis (Nees 1834) (Synonyms in Iranian literature: es 1834) .Anarsia lineatella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Roseous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (Host: osaceae) .Iranian records: Azerbaijan, Markazi, Tehran provinces , Iran O.S. prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Cocidae) on prunaceous trees (Host: us trees .Iranian records: Khorasan-e-Razavi province .S. prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Prunus scoparia (Spach) (Rosaceae), 5.VI.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.Material examined: 6\u2640, 2\u2642, Mian-Jangle, Fasa, Fars province, 22\u00b012\u2032N, 53\u00b023\u2032E, 1680m, ex P. vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (Host: ssaceae) .Iranian records: Fars province .Encyrtus lecaniorum   .E. coryli [E. tiliae (Linnaeus)] (E. tiliae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on elm tree (Ulmaceae), E. coryli [E. tiliae] on apple tree (Rosaceae), Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Robinia (Papilionaceae); Morus (Moraceae), Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae), S. prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) on prune tree (Rosaceae) (S. prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) on Amygdalus (Rosaceae) Hosts: nnaeus)] , E. tiliosaceae) , S. prunIranian records: Gilan, Mazandaran provinces , Gilan aEncyrtus scutellatus   .S. prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) on Amygdalus (Rosaceae) (Host: osaceae) .Iranian record: Chaharmahal-Bakhtiyari province .Host: Unknown from Iran.Iranian records: Iran .Anabrolepis zetterstedtii   .P. vera L. (Anacardiaceae)  on prune tree, Soft scale on diaceae) .Iranian records: Tehran province  Kerman pP. vera L. (Anacardiaceae) (Host: Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) on diaceae) .Iranian record: Kerman province .M. hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on M. alba L. (Moraceae), 22.VII.2005, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.Material examined: 3\u2640, 1\u2642, Jahrom, Fars province, ex Female: Length (0.9\u20131.1 mm).1- 1.75x, F2 - 1.65x, F3 - 1.67x, F4 - 1.67x, F5 - 1.64x , F6 - 1.63x, Clava - 4.8x as long as wide, respectively. Eye 1.76x as long as malar space. Relative measurements (holotype): HW 341.5; HH 295.8; FV 152.5; POL 51.5; OOL 23; OCL 15.3; AOL 45.8; OD 32.6 EL 187.5; EW 105; MS 122.4.Female holotype: Length 1.013 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen and legs all yellow, except mesoscutum and scutellum with hardly noticeable narrow perpendicular brown band. Head more or less regularly reticulate on frontovertex. Scape little more than 4.7x as long as wide, in the middle with brown band which is 4.43x as wide as scape length. Ocelli forming obtuse angle. Pedicel 2.35x, FMesoscutum and scutellum somewhat irregularly, not polygonally reticulate. Mesoscutum almost 2x as wide as long. Scutellum 1.37 as wide as long. Thorax 0.6x as long as gaster. Postmarginal: marginal:stigmal veins as 1.5:6:8.2.Female paratype (slide-mounted). Relative measurement: SL 28.5; SW 6; FWL 139.3; FWW 55.4; MF 2.5; OL 44; GL 10.7.Chorizococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape, September 2005, M. Fallahzadeh. Paratypes: 11\u2640, 2\u2642 same data as holotype. Holotype and paratypes in EBRC.Male: Color as in female, only antennae and genitalia different.Material examined: Holotype: \u2640, Iran, Fars province, Beyza, ex G. iranica is similar to flava but they can be separated using the characters given in Comments: Melanaspis inopinata (Leonardi) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on P. vera L. (Anacardiaceae) (Host: diaceae) .Iranian record: Kerman province .Parlatoria oleae (Colv\u00e9e) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Rosaceous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (Host: osaceae) .Iranian records: Tehran, Markazi provinces .D. prunorum (Laing) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and E. coryli [E. tiliae (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Rosaceous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (Hosts: osaceae) .Iranian records: Isfahan province , Iran F.Citrus (Rutaceae) and Morus (Moraceae) (N. viridis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).Host: Lady beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on oraceae)  associatIranian record: Khuzestan province .Exochomus quadripustulatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with P. vovae (Nasonov)  (Host: occidae) .Iranian records: Fars province Host: Lady beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).Iranian record: Karaj, Khuzestan province .Nephus bipunctatus (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Lactuca serriola L. (Asteraceae) associated with P. kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Host: occidae) .Iranian records: Fars province .Scymnus sp. (Coloptera: Coccinellidae) associated with Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Host: hididae) .Iranian record: Ardabil province .Nephus includens Kirsch (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) associated with N. viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze) on Citrus associated with P. citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Hosts: occidae) , Scymnusoccidae) .Iranian records: Iran , KhuzestN. bipunctatus (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on L. serriola L. (Asteraceae) associated with P. kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze) and E. quadripustulatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with P. vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Hosts: occidae) , Exochomoccidae) .Iranian records: Fars province .Host: Unknown from Iran.Iranian record: Iran .E. quadripustulatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on grape, 2. V. 2007, M. Fallahzadeh.Material examined: 1\u2640, 2\u2642, Jahrom, Fars province, 28\u00b031\u2032N, 53\u00b034\u2032E, 1280m, ex **N. bipunctatus Kugelann (Coloeptera: Coccinellidae) on grape, 5.VI.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.Material examined: 1\u2640, 2\u2642, Jahrom, Fars province, 28\u00b031\u2032N, 53\u00b034\u2032E, 1280m, ex **C. carnea Stephens and S. fedtchenkoi (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopiodae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with P. vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Hosts: occidae) .Iranian records: Fars province .C. carnea Stephens and S. fedtchenkoi (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) associated with P. vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Hosts: occidae) .Iranian records: Fars province .Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape, 26. VI. 2005, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.Material examined: 2\u2642, 2\u2640, Meymand, Fars province, ex N. viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Citrus sinensis (L.), C. aurantium (L.) (Rutaceae) and Althaea sp. , P. vovae (Nasonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Cupressus sp. (Cupressaceae) (Hosts: ssaceae) .Iranian record: Fars province .Leptomastix flavus Mercet, 1921  (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (P. aceris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Roseous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on P. vera L. (Anacardiceae) (Hosts: occidae)  P. aceriosaceae) , Eulecanrdiceae) .Iranian records: Iran , IsfahanP. ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudociccidae) on grape, 15.V.2007, M. Fallahzadeh.Material examined: 1\u2640, 1\u2642, Jahrom, Fars province, 28\u00b031\u2032N, 53\u00b034\u2032E, 1280m, ex P. ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape, 13.VI.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.Material examined: 2\u2640, 1\u2642, Jahrom, Fars province, 28\u00b031\u2032N, 53\u00b034\u2032E, 1280m, ex P. kimmericus (Kiritshenko) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on L. serriola L. (Asteraceae) (Host: eraceae) .Iranian record: Fars province .C. hesperidum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Robinia (Papilionaceae), Morus (Moraceae), Ailanthus (Simaroubaceae), Diospyros (Ebenaceae) (Host: enaceae) ,c; 2004dIranian records: Tehran province .Host: Unknown from Iran.Iranian record: Iran .C. hesperidum Linneaus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Citrus (Rutaceae) and apple tree (Rosaceae) (Host: osaceae) , b.Iranian records: Fars province , b.C. hesperidum Linneaus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Host: occidae) .Iranian records: Iran .Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Host: occidae) .Iranian records: Caspian sea area , Iran P.Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Ephedra procera Fisch. Et Mey (Ephedraceae) (Host: draceae) .Iranian record: Fars province .S. oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Host: occidae) .Iranian records: Caspian sea area , Iran N.Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskeya) on Amygdalus (Rosaceae) (Host: osaceae) .Iranian record: East Azerbaijan .E. coryli [E. tiliae (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on quince tree (Rosaceae) (S. prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Amygdalus (Rosaceae) (Hosts: osaceae) , S. prunosaceae) .Iranian records: Iran , ChaharmS. oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Host: occidae) .Iranian records: Caspian sea area .Parthenolecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae).Host: Iranian record: Iran .S. prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on plum tree (Rosaceae), D. unifasciatus (Archangelskaya) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Amygdalus (Rosaceae), E. coryli [E. tiliae (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on plum tree (Rosaceae) (Hosts: osaceae) , 2004d.Iranian records: East Azerbaijan and Tehran provinces ; 2004d.4\u20136 white, clava brown. Pronotum, mesopleuron, and axilla yellow, only area where axillae join brown. Mesoscutum with green-silver and scutellum with violet-silver, almost black, metallic reflection. Propodeum, metanotum, and abdomen brown, with some violetsilver metallic reflections. Legs yellow, hind coxa brown.Female holotype. Length 2.3 mm. Head yellow, except brown band across vertex back margin behind posterior ocelli. Eyes violet. Scape, pedicel, and flagellar segments 1\u20133 yellow, F1 0.57x as long as pedicel and 1.2x as long as wide. F2 1.24x as long as F1. F2 - 1.44x, F3 - 1.15x, F4 -1.07x, F5 - 1, F6 - 0.9x as long as wide respectively. The longest segment is F2 and shortest F1. Toruli separated from each other by 1.56x and from clypeal margin 1.17x their maximum diameter. Upper margin of toruli in same line as lowest eye margin. Relative measurement (holotype): HW 399.8; FV 107.5; OD 24; POL 8.1; OOL 52.5; OCL 26.4; AOL 45; MS 136.4; EL 213.7; 135.7. Mesoscutum and scutellum flat, of equal length, scutellum as long as wide, mesoscutum 1.35x as wide as long. Fore wing 2.3x as long as wide. Submarginal vein with 17 setae. Submarginal, marginal, postmarginal and stigmal veins as 9.6:1.34:1:1.4. Band on the forewing not clear, wings infuscate on basal 0.64x, hyaline apical part 0.36x as long as wing. Midtibial spur 0.84x as long as basitarsus. Female paratype (slide-mounted). Relative measurements: SL 42; SW 15.3; FWL 295.5; FWW 132.6; OL 80.5; GL 17.8; OPL 60.5; OPW 17.2.Head about 1.4x as wide as high and about 3.67x as wide as FV; FV in dorsal view almost 2x as long as wide. OOL almost 2.3x shorter then OCL and POD. Ocelli forming equilateral triangle. Scape about 3x as long as wide. Pedicel 1.8x as long as wide; FSphaerolecanium prunastri (Hemiptera: Coccidae), on Prunus scoparia, 2.VII.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Paratypes: 2\u2640, 1\u2642 same data as holotype. Holotype and paratypes in EBRC.Male: Head, mesoscutum, scutellum black with green-golden metallic reflection. Antenna yellow, pedicel brown dorsally. Tegula and mesopleuron yellow. Pedicel more then 3 times shorter that of F1. Abdomen, metanotum and propodeum brown with green-violet metallic reflection. Material examined: Holotype: \u2640, Iran, Fars province, Mian-Jangle, Fasa, 22\u00b012'N, 53\u00b023'E, 1680m, ex Microterys iranicus is most to close to M. darevskii Trjapitzin, 1968 but they can be separated using the characters given in Comments: E. coryli [Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus)] (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Malus (Rosaceae) (Host: osaceae) .Iranian records: Fars province , Iran O.Parthenolecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Host: occidae) .Iranian record: Iran .C. hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Host: occidae) .Iranian records: Mazandaran province , Tehran Parthenolecanium corni (Bouche) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Morus (Moraceae) (Host: oraceae) , 2004a.Iranian records: East Azerbaijan and Tehran provinces , 2004a.Bucculatrix ulmella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae) on elm tree (Ulmaceae) (Host: lmaceae) .Iranian record: Tehran province .C. carnea Stephens and S. fedtchenkoi (McLachlan) (Neuroptera: Chrysopiodae) on cypress tree (Cupressaceae) (Hosts: ssaceae) .Iranian records: Fars province .Ocneria terebinthina Stgr. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) on wild pistachio trees (Anacardiaceae) (Host: diaceae) .Ooencyrtus cf masii  (Host: leridae) .Iranian records: Tehran, Hamadan, Lorestan, Markazi provinces .Aelia sp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomodae), Eurygaster sp. (Scutelleridae) on Triticum aestivum L. (Gramineae) , Carpocoris fuscipinus (Boheman) and Macrocerus marginatus (Hemeiptera: Pentatomidae) on cereal fields (Gramineae) (E. integriceps (Acrosternum spp. and Brachynema spp. on P. vera L. (Anacardiaceae) .Hosts: amineae) , E. inteamineae) , E. inteegriceps , Acrostediaceae) , E. inteIranian records: Tehran, Hamadan, Lorestan, Mazandaran, Markazi provinces ; East AzFerrisia virgata (Ceckerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Althea 9.X.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.Material examined: 6\u2640, 1\u2642, Minab, Hormozgan province, ex **Host: Unknown from Iran.Iranian records: Iran .A. pistaciae (Burckhardt and Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on P. vera L. (Anacardiaceae) (Host: diaceae) ; 2004.Prionomitus near mitratus  (Anagyrus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (M. hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on M. alba L. (Moraceae) (Hosts: yrtidae) , Parasityrtidae) , Hyperpaoraceae) .Iranian records: Iran , Fars prP. ficus  (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on grape, 19.VII.2007, M. Fallahzadeh. Voucher specimens housed in EBRC.Material examined: 2\u2640, Jahrom, Fars province, 28\u00b031\u2032N, 53\u00b034\u2032E, 1280m, ex N. viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Citrus (Rutaceae) and M. alba L. (Moraceae).Host: Hyperparasitoid occidae)  on CitruIranian record: Khuzestan province .Pseudococcus on Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) (Host: icaceae) .Iranian record: Khuzestan province .Psyllopsis repens Loginova (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Fraxinus (Oleaceae)  (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on P. vera L. (Anacardiaceae) (Host: diaceae) , 2007.Iranian records: Iran , Kerman Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptra: Psyllidae) on Citrus (Rutaceae).Host: Iranian record: Hormozghan province .Euphyllura pakistanica Loginova, 1973 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Oleae europea L. (Oleaceae) (Host: leaceae) .Iranian record: Fars province .Sphaerophoria spp., Eopodes corollae (Fab.) and Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer) (Diptera: Syrphidae) (Hosts: rphidae) .Iranian records: East Azerbaijan Province .Agonoscena pistaciae (Burckhardt and Lauterer) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on P. vera L. (Anacardiaceae) , (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Alhagi camlorum Fisch. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Papilionaceae) in pistachio orchards (Chromaphis juglandicola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) (Hosts: Hyperparasitoid of diaceae) , Hyperpaorchards , Hyperpahididae)  Hyperparidiinae) .Iranian records: Kerman province ; Tehran Psylla pyricola [Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)] (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Host: yllidae) Iranian record: Tehran province .Apterencyrtus microphagus (Mayr 1876), Chiloneurus microphagus Mayr, 1876, Chiloneurinus microphagus (Mayr 1876) (Synonyms in ranian literatures: yr 1876) .Lepidosaphes malicola Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Roseous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (Tecaspis asiatica [Chlidaspis asiatica (Archangelskaya)] (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Roseous fruit trees (Rosaceae) (Lepidosaphes pistaciae Archangelskaya (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on P. vera L. (Anacardiaceae) (Hosts: osaceae) , Tecaspiosaceae) ; Lepidosdiaceae) .Iranian records: Tehran province , Chahar"}
{"text": "AbstractAcaenitinae F\u00f6rster, 1869 are reviewed for the first time from the Ukrainian Carpathians. Two species, Coleocentrusexareolatus Kriechbaumer, 1894 and Coleocentrusheteropus Thomson, 1894 are new records for Ukraine. Arotesannulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 is considered to be a junior synonym of Arotesalbicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829 (syn. nov.). A key to species of Coleocentrus of the Carpathians is provided.Ichneumonid wasps of the subfamily  Acaenitinae F\u00f6rster, 1869 worldwide includes about 344 species placed in 27 genera, 8 genera and 42 species of which are found in the Western Palaearctic  develops as a koinobiont endoparasitoid of an endophytic curculionid. The female wasp oviposits into first and second instar host larvae and parasitization appeared to retard host development. Three ichneumonid larval instars were discerned and the final instar apparently killed its host about the time unparasitized weevil larvae were pupating. The acaenitine larva then spun a tough parchment-like cylindrical cocon within the host\u2019s pupation chamber , beech forest zone (400\u20131300 m a.s.l.), coniferous boreal forest zone (900\u20131600 m a.s.l.), subalpine and alpine zone (1400\u20132061 m a.s.l.) can be recognised.Acaenitinae fauna of Ukraine is poorly studied. Up to now, there are only 10 recorded species , which is the length of the ovipositor projecting beyond the apex of the metasoma divided by the length of the hind tibia, is used. Terminology was This study is mainly based on specimens collected by standard sweep netting in various locations in the Ukrainian Carpathians in 2009-2013. The material deposited in the collection of the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University in Ivano-Frankivsk was also studied. The HNHM: Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary;ZMLU: Lunds Universitet, Zoologiska Institutionen, Sweden;ZIN: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.Gravenhorst, 1829ArotesArotesalbicinctusThis genus is characterized by the combination of the following characters: clypeus transverse and basally flat, with transverse ridge, supra-antennal area with crest between antennal sockets, propodeum with well definded carinae, claws of all tarsi with appressed acute tooth, fore wing with areolet absent, intercubitus distal to vein 2m-cu, first metasomal tergite with white long setae on lateral and ventral parts.Gravenhorst, 1829Arotesannulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894, syn. nov.Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; individualCount: Varga; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Transcarpathian Region, Rakhiv District; verbatimLocality: 4 km NE of Kvasy; verbatimElevation: 1000 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 10' 19.08\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 18' 09.16\" E; Event: eventDate: 15 June 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: 1 male, 2 females; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Transcarpathian Region, Rakhiv District; verbatimLocality: 4 km NE of Kvasy; verbatimElevation: 1000 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 10' 19.08\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 18' 09.16\" E; Event: eventDate: 24 June 2013Fore wing 13 mm long. Nervellus broken near the middle. Mandible with lower tooth longer than upper tooth. Flagellum with 37 segments. Head polished, face and partly clypeus with median longitudinal wrinkles. In dorsal view temples parallel behind eyes. Notauli strong. Mesopleuron, metapleuron, scutellum, mid and hind coxa and hind femur densely and clearly punctate. Metasoma polished, without well defined punctation. OTI 2.3. Hind femur robust.Female. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Coloration of first and second tergites varies (see \"Taxon discussion\")  Fig. a, b, c. Male. Coloration as in female, but differs by face, tegula entirely andpedicel partly yellow. Flagellum yellow ventrally, without white ring. First and second tergites with wide apical light stripes .gionotus , Plagionarcuatus   and in the possession of a fuscous spot on the apex of the fore wing.The another European species, Arotesalbicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829 and Arotesannulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894, given by various authors are the coloration of the first and second tergites of metasoma, which are entirely black in Arotesannulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 and light-coloured posteriorly in Arotesalbicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829, and pterostigma, which is reddish centrally in Arotesannulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 and entirely fuscous in Arotesalbicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829. Arotesannulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 and as long as the body in Arotesalbicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829.The main distinguishing characters, between Arotesannulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894, which is deposited at HNHM, demonstrated that the first and the second tergites have light-coloured (though very weak) posterior margins. The three of metioned above females  have first and second tergites varies from entirely black to white-striped. The coloration of the pterostigma is also varies in the studied specimens: from yellowish-brown centrally with fuscous margins to entirely fuscous. The ovipositorial sheaths are as long as the body in the specimens with black tergites, so no evident differences between the two species, Arotesannulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 and Arotesalbicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829, may be found. Arotesannulicornis Kriechbaumer, 1894 is therefore a junior synonym (syn. nov.).My examination of the holotype of Gravenhorst, 1829ColeocentrusIchneumonexcitatorColeocentrusexareolatus Kriechbaumer, 1894), then intercubitus basal to vein 2m-cu, tergites 2\u20133 of metasoma with basolateral grooves, male parameres with ventral emargination.This genus is characterized by the combination of the following characters: clypeus transverse and basally flat, apex with median tubercle, supra-antennal area without crest between antennal sockets, epicnemial carina absent, propodeum with carinae varying from complete to absent , claws of fore and mid tarsi simple, fore wing with areolet present (petiolate triangular) or absent; if absent  and 12-14 mm long , areolet absent. Nervellus broken at upper 0.25. Mandible with equal teeth or lower tooth slighty longer than upper tooth. Flagellum with 37-38 segments. Head polished. In dorsal view temples parallel to narrowed behind eyes. Propodeum with weak apical carina. Metasoma matt, without well defined punctation. OTI 2.7.Female. Head and mesosoma black. Clypeus basally black, apically brownish. Mandibles black. Flagellum brownish. Pterostigma yellowish. Tegula yellow. Legs generally red, fore and mid tibia and tarsus yellowish-red, hind tibia and tarsus fuscous. Metasoma black with narrow apical white bands on tergites.Male. Head and mesosoma black. Face and clypeus black. Mandibles black. Flagellum black. Scape and pedicel yellow dorsally. Pterostigma yellowish. Tegula yellow. Legs: hind coxa red, fore and mid coxae, trochanters and trochantelli, tibiae and fore tarsus yellow, fore and mid femora, hind trochanter and trochantellus yellowish-red, hind tibia and tarsus fuscous. Metasoma black with narrow apical white bands on tergites.Unknown.Belarus , BulgariColeocentrussoldanskii Bischoff, 1915, has black coxae and two yellow spots on the lower part of face.The female of another European species with fore wing without areolet, Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: male; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' 51.17\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' 26.91\" E; Event: eventDate: 5 May 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: male; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany,; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' 51.17\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' 26.91\" E; Event: eventDate: 6 May 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: 2 females; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' 51.17\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' 26.91\" E; Event: eventDate: 12 May 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' 51.17\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' 26.91\" E; Event: eventDate: 19 May 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: 1 male, 3 females; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50 '51.17\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' 26.91\" E; Event: eventDate: 29 May 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' 51.17\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' 26.91\" E; Event: eventDate: 30 May 2011Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: 6 females; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' 51.17\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' 26.91\" E; Event: eventDate: 31 May 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' 51.17\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' 26.91\" E; Event: eventDate: 4 June 2011Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: 5 females; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' 51.17\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' 26.91\" E; Event: eventDate: 10 June 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Mocharyorodchany, 5 May 2012; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' 51.17\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' 26.91\" E; Event: eventDate: 25 June 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: 2 males, 1 female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Zhbyr; verbatimLocality: 7-8 km SW of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 400 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 47' 4.92\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 28' 46.45\" E; Event: eventDate: 23 May 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: male; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Zhbyr; verbatimLocality: 7-8 km SW of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 400 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 47' 4.92\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 28' 46.45\" E; Event: eventDate: 26 May 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Zhbyr; verbatimLocality: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Zhbyr; verbatimElevation: 400 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 47' 4.92\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 28' 46.45\" E; Event: eventDate: 24 June 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: 2 females; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Dibrova.28\"E, 310 m, oak forest, 5 km SW of Bogorodchany, 14 June 2012; verbatimLocality: 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 310 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 46' 10.35\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 30' 20.28\" E; Event: eventDate: 14 June 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: 2 males, 2 females; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Gorgany; verbatimLocality: 5 km SW of Stara Guta; verbatimElevation: 1200 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 36' 42.77\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 09' 10.69\" E; Event: eventDate: 8-9 June 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: 2 males; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Gorgany; verbatimLocality: 5 km SW of Stara Guta; verbatimElevation: 1200 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 36' 42.77\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 09' 10.69\" E; Event: eventDate: 14 June 2011Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Sirenko; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Nadvirna District, Gorgany, Elmy; verbatimLocality: 15 km SW of Yaremche; verbatimElevation: 800-900 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 24\u2019 39.50\u201d N; Event: eventDate: 9 July 2005Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Sirenko; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Nadvirna District, Gorgany, Elmy; verbatimLocality: 15 km SW of Yaremche; verbatimElevation: 800-900 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 24\u2019 39.50\u201d N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 24\u2019 50.28\u201d E; Event: eventDate: 17 July 2009Type status:Other material. Occurrence: sex: female; Record Level: institutionCode: ZINFore wing 18-20 mm long  and 13-14 mm long , areolet present. Nervellus broken at upper 0.25. Mandible with equal teeth or lower tooth slightly longer than upper tooth. Flagellum with 39-40 segments  and 40-44 segments . Head polished, sparsely punctate. In dorsal view temples slighty narrowed to slighty widened behind eyes. Mesopleuron densely rugulo-punctate  or with unclear punctation . Propodeum with weak longitudinal carinae over about 0.6-0.7 of its length  or only with weak traces of dorsal longitudinal carinae . Metasoma polished, without well defined punctation. OTI 2.6\u20132.8.Female. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Face black with two yellow spots. Clypeus basally black, apically sometimes dark-brownish. Mandibles black. Flagellum black. Scape and pedicel reddish dorsally. Pterostigma yellow. Tegula yellow. Legs: hind coxa black, fore and mid coxae black with red apex, all trochanters and trochantelli yellowish-red, all femora, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi red, hind tibia fuscous, tarsomere 1 of hind tarsus partly, tarsomeres 2-5 entirely white. Metasoma black with narrow apical white bands on tergites.Male. Head and mesosoma black. Face yellow with black central vertical stripe. Clypeus basally black, apically brown. Mandibles black. Flagellum dark-brownish. Scape and pedicel yellow dorsally. Pterostigma yellow. Tegula yellow. Legs: hind coxa black, sometimes reddish in apical 0.2, fore and mid coxae yellowish-red with black base, fore and mid femora, hind trochanter and trochantellus yellowish-red, hind femur and tibia red, fore and mid trochanters and trochantelli, tibiae and fore tarsus, tarsomere 1 of hind tarsus partly, tarsomeres 2-5 entirely white. Metasoma black basally and apically, red medially.Acaloleptaluxuriosus , Ergatesfaber , Monochamusgrandis  (Cerambycidae) (bycidae) .Trans-Palaearctic species: Belarus , BelgiumColeocentruscroceicornis  is similar to this species, but has yellow flagellum with black base and entirely reddish hind legs. The male of Coleocentrusexcitator  is similar to the male of Coleocentrussoleatus , but the last one has red with black coloration hind trochanters and trochantelli, entirely yellow face and only tarsomeres 3-5 of hind tarsus entirely white.The female of Thomson, 1894Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: sex: female; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMLUType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: 2 males, 2 females; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Zhbyr; verbatimLocality: 7-8 km SW of Bogorodchany,; verbatimElevation: 400 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 47' 4.92\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 28' 46.45\" E; Event: eventDate: 23 May 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: male; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Zhbyr; verbatimLocality: 7-8 km SW of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 400 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 47' 4.92\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 28' 46.45\" E; Event: eventDate: 26 May 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Zhbyr; verbatimLocality: 7-8 km SW of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 400 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 47' 4.92\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 28' 46.45\" E; Event: eventDate: 24 June 2012Type status:Other material. Occurrence: sex: female; Record Level: institutionCode: ZINFore wing 14-15 mm long  and 9-13 mm long , areolet present. Nervellus broken at upper 0.25. Mandible with equal teeth. Flagellum with 33 segments  to 38 segments . Head polished, without well definded punctation. In dorsal view temples parallel to slighty widened behind eyes. Mesopleuron densely rugulo-punctate. Propodeum only with weak traces of area apicalis or without carinae. Metasoma matt, without well defined punctation. OTI 2.5.Female. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Face black with two small yellow spots or almost black. Clypeus from reddish to dark-brownish. Mandible black. Flagellum almost black. Pterostigma brownish with fuscous margins. Tegula red-yellowish. Legs generally red, all coxae from at least black basally (holotype). to black with only red apex, hind tibia and tarsus fuscous.Male. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Face almost yellow. Clypeus red-brownish. Mandibles black. Flagellum black. Scape yellow dorsally. Pterostigma brownish with fuscous margins. Tegula yellow. Legs: all coxae black basally, apically yellowish-red, fore and mid legs except coxae, hind trochanter and trochantellus yellowish-red, hind femur red, hind tibia and tarsus fuscous.Unknown.Finland , HungaryColeocentruscaligatus Gravenhorst, 1829 is similar to this species, but has entirely red hind coxae and more developed carinae of the propodeum. Male of Coleocentrusheteropus Thomson, 1894 is similar to Coleocentruscroceicornis , but the last one has reddish pterostigma and yellow flagellum (with dark base).The female of Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: male; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Bogorodchany District, Dibrova; verbatimLocality: 5 km SW of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 310 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 46' 10.35\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 30' 20.28\" E; Event: eventDate: 14 May 2011Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Transcarpathian Region, Rakhiv District, Lazeschyna; verbatimElevation: 900-950 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 14' 52.47\" N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 24' 29.35\" E; Event: eventDate: June 2010Type status:Other material. Occurrence: sex: male; Record Level: institutionCode: ZINFore wing 11 mm long  and 12 mm long , areolet present. Nervellus broken at upper 0.25. Mandible with equal teeth. Flagellum with 31 segments  and 33 segments . Head polished, without well definded punctation. In dorsal view temples narrowed behind eyes. Mesopleuron weakly  or densely  rugulo-punctate. Propodeum with very weak longitudinal carinae over its entire length  or only with weak traces of dorsal longitudinal carinae . Metasoma mat  or polished , without well defined punctation. OTI 1.8.Female. Head, mesosoma and metasoma generally black. Face almost black. Clypeus black basally, reddish apically. Mandibles reddish basally. Flagellum almost black. Pterostigma brownish with fuscous margins. Tegula reddish-brown. Legs: mid coxae almost black, fore and hind coxae generally red, fore coxa basally, hind coxa apically (0.2) black, all femora, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi red, hind tibia apically and tarsus entirely fuscous, all trochanters and trochantelli red with black coloration. Lateral parts of apical margins of tergites 2-6 red.Male. Head and mesosoma black. Face almost yellow. Clypeus basally black, apically reddish. Mandibles black. Flagellum reddish-brown. Scape yellowish dorsally. Pterostigma yellowish. Tegula reddish-brown. Legs: hind coxa red with only apical 0.2 black, fore and mid coxae, fore trochanter and trochantellus and all femora red, mid and hind trochanters and trochantelli red with black coloration, fore tibia and tarsus, tarsomere 2 of hind tarsus partly, tarsomeres 3-5 entirely white, mid tibia and tarsus yellowish-red, hind tibia red with fuscous apex. Metasoma black basally and apically, red medially.Unknown.Bulgaria , China , GermanyColeocentrusborcei Constantineanu, 1929 from Romania, wich is very similar to the female of Coleocentrussoleatus , but has a fuscous pterostigma (except base), entirely black trochanters, black clypeus and red lateral parts of apical margins of tergites 3-6.F\u00f6rster, 1869PhaenolobusIchneumonaratorThis genus is characterized by the combination of the following characters: clypeus transverse and basally flat, apex with median tubercle, supra-antennal area with crest between antennal sockets, notauli strong, hing femora very thick claws of fore and mid tarsi with appressed acute tooth near apex, fore wing with areolet absent, intercubitus basal to vein 2m-cu.Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Sirenko A.; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk; verbatimElevation: 250\u2013300 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 55\u2019 24.48\u201d N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 42\u2019 40.02\u201d E; Event: eventDate: May\u2013June 2001Female. Fore wing 8 mm long. Nervellus broken at upper third. Mandible with upper tooth a little longer than lower tooth. Flagellum with 23 segments. Head strongly rugulo-punctate. In dorsal view temples narrowed behind eyes. Malar space with subocular groove. Mesopleuron polished, densely and clearly punctate. Head and mesosoma black. Clypeus and mandibles black. Flagellum red-brown, scape and pedicel black. Pterostigma fuscous. Legs: all coxae black, trochanters red and trochantelli, hind femur and basal half of first tergite black, hind tibia and tarsus fuscous, fore and mid femora, tibiae, tarsi and metasoma red.Phytoeciacephalotes K\u00fcster, 1846, Phytoeciacoerulescens  (Cerambycidae) (bycidae) .Albania , AlgeriaPhaenolobusterebrator  with black metasoma and red hind femora, Phaenolobusnigripennis  with only tergites 2-4 partly red, Phaenolobussaltans  which has prepectal carina long, almost reaching subtegular ridge. Phaenolobusareolator  having the entirely black flagellum and ovipositor longer than hind tibia, Phaenolobusatrator , having the black metasoma and Phaenolobusmucronatus  having only tergites 2-4 partly red. But the last two species have also the second metasomal tergite with 2 oblique grooves on each side and that scaracter distinguishes these species from similar Phaenolobusterebrator  and Phaenolobusnigripennis  with the same coloration of metasoma respectively (There are another three species of this genus recorded so far from Ukraine, including ectively ."}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Yu-Xiao Zhu. The correct citation is: \"Zhang Q-M, L\u00fc L, Wang W-Q, Zhu YX, Zhou T (2013) Potential Theory for Directed Networks. PLoS ONE 8(2): e55437. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055437.\" The correct abbreviation in contributions is: YXZ."}
{"text": "The ninth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: James D. Brien.The correct author contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: RdA MB WBM S-SP WMPBW AK NPO QP JDB W-YT W-KW SH SK MSD RB AL FS AMdS. Performed the experiments: RdA MB WBM S-SP WMPBW AK NPO QP JDB W-YT W-KW. Analyzed the data: RdA MB WBM S-SP WMPBW AK NPO QP JDB W-YT W-KW SH SK MSD RB AL FS AMdS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AK MSD RB AL FS. Wrote the paper: RdA MB QP SH SK MSD RB AL FS AMdS."}
{"text": "The order of the authors is incorrect. The correct order of authors is as follows: Mukul Joshi, Anupama Jha, Avinash Mishra and Bhavanath Jha. The correct Citation is: Joshi M, Jha A, Mishra A, Jha B(2013) Developing Transgenic Jatropha Using the SbNHX1 Gene from an Extreme Halophyte for Cultivation in Saline Wasteland. PLoS ONE 8(8): e71136. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071136."}
{"text": "The authors wish to add Ka Fai Leung as the third author to the manuscript. The updated byline is: Kanwal Abbasi1, Kelly N. DuBois1, Ka Fai Leung1, Joel B. Dacks2, Mark C. Field1*The updated citation is: Abbasi K, DuBois KN, Leung KF, Dacks JB, Field MC (2011) A Novel Rho-Like Protein TbRHP Is Involved in Spindle Formation and Mitosis in Trypanosomes. PLoS ONE 6(11): e26890. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026890Ka Fai Leung Performed the experiments, Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, and Wrote the Manuscript."}
{"text": "The name of the second author was incorrectly reflected in the citation. The correct citation is: Domingues MN, Campos BM, de Oliveira MLP, de Mello UQ, Benedetti CE (2012) TAL Effectors Target the C-Terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase II (CTD) by Inhibiting the Prolyl-Isomerase Activity of a CTD-Associated Cyclophilin. PLoS ONE 7(7): e41553. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041553."}
{"text": "The 5th author's name is incorrect in the citation. The correct citation is: Cosnier B, Kwapisz M, Hatin I, Namy O, Hermann-Le Denmat S, et al. (2011) A Viable Hypomorphic Allele of the Essential IMP3 Gene Reveals Novel Protein Functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS ONE 6(4): e19500. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019500"}
{"text": "The 2-phenolate ligand is chelated to the central CuII ion in an N,O-bidentate manner.In the title complex, [Cu(C DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812026815/hp2039Isup2.hklStructure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF reportAdditional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "There was an error in the name of the fifth author.The correct name is: Mark MacEwenThe correct citation is: Harris WT, Kelly DR, Zhou Y, Wang D, MacEwen M, et al. (2013) Myofibroblast Differentiation and Enhanced Tgf-B Signaling in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. PLoS ONE 8(8): e70196. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070196"}
{"text": "The second author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Masaaki Ii. The correct citation is: Kawabe-Yako R, Ii M, Masuo O, Asahara T, Itakura T (2011) Cilostazol Activates Function of Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cell for Re-endothelialization in a Carotid Balloon Injury Model. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24646. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024646"}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: K. Elizabeth Tanner. The correct citation is: Hessle L, Stordalen GA, Wengl\u00e9n C, Petzold C, Tanner KE, et al. (2013) The Skeletal Phenotype of Chondroadherin Deficient Mice. PLoS ONE 8(6): e63080. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063080. The correct abbreviation in Contributions is: KET."}
{"text": "AbstractPhthiraptera) of Columbidae (Columbiformes) from Pakistan are studied. Six species of chewing lice with new host records are recorded and one new species of the genus Colpocephalum is described from Columba livia in the Karachi region. All the columbid chewing lice from Pakistan are keyed out and the new species is illustrated and compared with the closest allied species.The chewing lice ( PageBreakthe Punjab Province of Pakistan , in tan 1955a, b. Mosttan 1955a, 1959.Colpocephalum. This new species is compared with the closest allied species of the genus.After Ansari , 1958, nThe chewing lice used in this study were preserved on microscopic slides using a standard method  and moun Abdominal LengthAL Dorsal Head SetaDHS Genital LengthGL Head LengthHL Metathorax LengthML Metathorax WidthMW Pronotal LengthPL Paramere LengthPML Preocular WidthPOW Pronotal WidthPW Total LengthTL Temporal WidthTWBonomiella columbae Emerson, 1957 \u2013 New recordCampanulotes bidentatus Scopoli, 1763 ; Pakistan: Karachi; 21-V-2004; leg. Naz.2 females, on New record from Pakistan.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC7DD2BC-D82F-4E06-89E7-8C3EB8A5739Fhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Colpocephalum_afrozeaeColumba livia (Gmelin); Pakistan: Karachi; 20-VII-2006; leg. Naz, S.male, on Columba livia (Gmelin); Pakistan: Karachi; 20-VII-2006; leg. Naz, S.8 males, 12 females, on Columba livia (Gmelin), with data as above.6 nymphs, on Columba livia (Gmelin) (Columbiformes: Columbidae).TL: male 1.242 (1.24\u20131.245) , female . Anterio. PronotaPageBreaktwo long macrosetae and posterior margin bears four long macrosetae and two short fine setae; sternites VIII forming a short subgenital plate, bearing dense scattered small thin setae; anal margin almost straight.. Male. TPageBreak ctenidia  1861: 522.Colpocephalum bicinctum Nitzsch (In Giebel) 1861: 524.Colpocephalum caudatum Giebel 1874: 261, Colpocephalum dissimileColpocephalum intermediumColpocephalum latifasciatum Piaget 1885: 130.Colpocephalum osborni Carriker 1903: 172.Colpocephalum oxyurum Nitzsch (In Giebel) 1861: 519.Colpocephalum subflavescensColpocephalum tricinctum Nitzsch (In Giebel) 1861: 524, Colpocephalum wernecki Orfila 1959: 477.Neocolpocephalum gypae Qadri 1935: 229.Neocolpocephalum tricinctum Eichler 1941: 374.Vulturigogus eugenii Eichler and Zlotorzycka 1963: 207.Vulturigogus femellus Eichler and Zlotorzycka 1963: 209.Columba livia (Gmelin); Pakistan: Karachi; 21-V-2004, 23-IX-2007; leg. Naz.91 males, 105 females, on (Piaget)http://species-id.net/wiki/Hohorstiella_lataMenopon latumMenopon giganteumHohorstiella lataPageBreak Eichler 1940: 362, Hopkins and Clay 1952: 173, Hill and Tuff 1978: 308, 310, Columba livia (Gmelin), Streptopelia decaocta ; Pakistan: Karachi; 21-V-2004, 04-VIII-2006; leg. Naz. New record from Pakistan.25 males, 39 females, on Eichlerhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Hohorstiella_streptopeliaeHohorstiella streptopeliaeColumba livia domestica (Gmelin) (Fantail Pigeon breed); Pakistan: Karachi; 15-VII-2006; leg. Naz.4 females, on New record from Pakistan.Philopteridae Burmeister, 1838Family (Burmeister)http://species-id.net/wiki/Campanulotes_comparGoniocotes bidentatusGoniocotes comparGoniocotes formosanus Sugimoto 1929: 25.Goniodes comparPageBreakCampanulotes compar Keler 1939: 157, Hopkins and Clay 1952: 64, Ansari 1955: 48, Selimet al. 1968: 79, Hill and Tuff 1978: 309, 322, Tendeiro 1969: 380, 1978: 117, Columba livia (Gmelin); Pakistan: Karachi, Hyderabad, Khairpur mir\u2019s; 21-V-2004, 04-VIII-2006; leg. Naz.51 males, 72 females, on New record from Pakistan.(L.)http://species-id.net/wiki/Columbicola_columbaePediculus columbae L. 1758: 614.Lipeurus bacillusLipeurus baculus Giebel 1866: 379, Lipeurus antennatus Giebel 1874: 213.Philopterus baculusPhagopterus columbae Freire and Duarte 1944: 14.Nirmus claviformis Olfers 1816: 90.Nirmus filiformis Olfers 1816: 90.Esthiopterum columbae Harrison 1916: 132.Columbicola columbae Ewing 1929: 117, Columba livia intermedia (Gmelin), Columba livia neglecta Hume; Pakistan: Karachi; 21-V-2004, 23-IX-2007; leg. Naz. New host record from Pakistan.48 males, 73 females, on Eichlerhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Columbicola_tschulyschmanColumbicola tschulyschmanColumbicola montschadskyi Blagoveshtchensky 1951: 308, Tendeiro 1965: 131.Columba livia neglecta Hume; Pakistan: Karachi; 16-VIII-2007; leg. Naz.5 males, 6 females, on New record from Pakistan.Clay & Meinertzhagenhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Turturicola_salimaliiTurturicola salimaliiPageBreakColumba livia (Gmelin); Pakistan: Karachi; 16-VII-2005; leg. Naz.2 females, on New host record from Pakistan.Columbidae in Pakistan. Among the nine species found in this region, six species are recorded for the first time. Four of them, Campanulotes compar, Colpocephalum turbinatum, Columbicola columbae and Hohorstiella lata, are cosmopolitan  and Colpocephalum turbinatum on Columba livia Gmelin  with the synonym Colpocephalum tricinctum, in Lyallpur, Pakistan   . Ansari"}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Matthias C. Wichmann. The correct citation is: von der Lippe M, Bullock JM, Kowarik I, Knopp T, Wichmann MC (2013) Human-Mediated Dispersal of Seeds by the Airflow of Vehicles. PLoS ONE 8(1): e52733. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052733. The correct abbreviation in the Contributions section is: MCW."}
{"text": "The first author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Haitham Elbir. The correct citation is: Elbir H, Gimenez G, Sokhna C, Bilcha KD, Ali J, et al. (2012) Multispacer Sequence Typing Relapsing Fever Borreliae in Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(6): e1652. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001652"}
{"text": "Ching-Wei Wang would like to add four authors to the byline. The updated byline is: Ching-Wei Wang 1, Dean Fennell 2, Ian Paul 2, Kienan Savage 2, Peter Hamilton 21Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan, 2 Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United KingdomThe new citation is: Wang C-W, Fennell D, Paul I, Savage K, Hamilton P (2011) Robust Automated Tumour Segmentation on Histological and Immunohistochemical Tissue Images. PLoS ONE 6(2): e15818. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015818Competing Interest: Peter Hamilton is founder and shareholder in i-Path Diagnostics Ltd.All new authors contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools"}
{"text": "AbstractHarutaeographa Yoshimoto, 1993 species, Harutaeographa shuisp. n. from China\u2019s Sichuan province, is given. Harutaeographa yangzisherpani transformis Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999 is combined as a synonym of Harutaeographa yangzisherpani yangzisherpani Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999. Additional distributional data for Harutaeographa pallida Yoshimoto, 1993, and Harutaeographa cinerea Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998 are provided. A checklist of the genus Harutaeographa and a key to the Harutaeographa fasciculata  species-group, based on external characters and genitalia, are presented.Description of anew  Harutaeographa Yoshimoto, 1993 to what was previously provided in Harutaeographa is typical of the tribe Orthosiini within the Himalayan Noctuidae and contains 37 species and 3 subspecies distributed mostly in the Southeast Asian and Himalayan regions. Except for a few Western-Himalayan and Central-Asian species inhabiting semi-dry areas, most members of this genus are associated with the Himalayan monsoonic forest belt. Flight periods generally extend through March and April, but some Southern-Himalayan species are on the wing during the colder November to February period.This paper contributes additional taxonomic, genitalic and faunistic information on the taxonomy of the genus Harutaeographa preserved in the collections of Alessandro Floriani , Bal\u00e1zs Benedek , Gottfried Behounek /Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich (Germany), Danny Nilsson  and Nature Research Centre  were examined. The specimens examined were collected in China and Nepal using ultraviolet light traps and occasionally sugar ropes. Seventeen genital slides were prepared and 27 photographs were made. Examination of morphology: after maceration, male and female genitalia were dissected and mounted in euparal on glass sides. Dissection of genitalia follows The specimens of Abbreviations of the material depositories:Alessandro Floriani ;AFMBal\u00e1zs Benedek ;BBTNatural History Museum, London (United Kingdom);BMNHDanny Nilsson ;DNKHungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (Hungary);HNHMMuseum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Berlin (Germany);MNHUNaturhistorisches Museum Wien (Austria);NHMNature Research Centre ;NRCVNational Science Museum Tokyo (Japan);NSMTZoological Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn (Germany);ZFMKZoological Museum of Helsinki (Finland);ZMHZoologische Staatssammlung, Munich (Germany).ZSMPageBreakHarutaeographa species related to Harutaeographa fasciculata based on external charactersKey to Harutaeographa species related to Harutaeographa fasciculata based on genital charactersKey to Benedek & Saldaitissp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C3F72129-2643-4234-84F6-ABEA933B13A8http://species-id.net/wiki/Harutaeographa_shuiHolotype:male .ype:male ,China, SParatypes: 3 males, with the same data as the holotype, 1 male, from the same locality, but 02.iv.2011, 1 female   , but is er, 2010 . These sodavissa by its shodavissa , but Harpha shui  has a slodavissa  in havinMale genitaila , on the eastern edge of Tibetan plateau, where a few specimens were collected at the end of March \u2013 beginning of April at altitudes ranging from 1500 to 1600 m. It was attracted to light during cold (2\u20134 \u02daC) nights in small river valleys. The habitat is mountain virgin mixed forest dominated by various broad-leaved trees, rhododendrons and bamboos .http://species-id.net/wiki/Harutaeographa_monimalis1 male, 1 female, China, W. Yunnan, Baiyunshan, 2600 m, Yunlong county, end of ii - early iii.2008, leg. Yi et al, in the collection of DNK; slide Nos JB1851m ; JB1852fMale genitalia. Uncus small, elongated; tegumen short; juxta long, tongue-shaped, more or less quadrangular; vinculum short and heavily sclerotised,PageBreakPageBreakPageBreak U-shaped; sacculus broad, with more or less parallel margins. Clasper relatively large, thumb-like, with elongated and heavily sclerotised base; clasper fused with relatively small and evenly curved ampulla. Valvae more or less symmetrical, broad, armed with strong, finger-shaped ventral process and large, broad digitus; cucullus broad and strong, more or less rhomboidal in shape. Aedeagus relatively long, straight and broad; vesica evenly helicoid in shape, everted ventrally, covered with a row of fine spiculi from basal part of vesica along to terminal segment where it merges into a stouter cluster of longer spines forming a brush-like structure. Female genitalia .Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999syn. nov.http://species-id.net/wiki/Harutaeographa_yangzisherpani_transformis27\u00b035.998'N, 86\u00b009.775'E 5\u20138.ii.2011, leg. Bal\u00e1zs Benedek, in the collection of BBT; slide No. JB1807m .Harutaeographa babai Sugi & Sakurai, 1994Holotype: NSMT. Type locality: Nepal, Dhaulagiri, Jomsom. Distribution: Nepal; Himalaya.Harutaeographa bidui bidui Hreblay & Plante, 1996 [1997]Holotype: coll. M. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: N.Pakistan, 5 km S Rattu. Distribution: Himalaya: N. Pakistan .Harutaeographa bidui kaghanensis Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999Holotype: coll. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: Pakistan, Prov. NW-Frontier, Kaghan valley, Khanian. Distribution: Pakistan .Harutaeographa bicolorata Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998Holotype: coll. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: Nepal, Ganesh Himal, 1 km E Gadrang. Distribution: Himalaya: Nepal .Harutaeographa brahma Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998Holotype: coll. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: Nepal, Ganesh Himal, 2 km W Thangjet. Distribution: Himalaya: Nepal .PageBreakHarutaeographa brumosa Yoshimoto, 1994Holotype: NSMT. Type locality: Nepal, Janakpur, Jiri. Distribution: Himalaya: Nepal .Harutaeographa caerulea caerulea Yoshimoto, 1993Holotype: NSMT. Type locality: Nepal, Mt. Phulchouki. Distribution: Himalaya: Nepal .Harutaeographa caerulea rubrigrapha Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999Holotype: coll. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: Thailand, Changwat Chang Mai, Mt. Doi Phahompok, 18 km NW Fang. Distribution: Indochina: Thailand (Chiang Mai).Harutaeographa castanea Yoshimoto, 1993Holotype: NSMT. Type locality: Nepal, Godavari. Distribution: Himalaya: Nepal .Harutaeographa castaneipennis Holotype: BMNH. Type locality: India, Kashmir, Narkundah. Distribution: Himalaya: N.India (Prov. Jammu & Kashmir).Harutaeographa cinerea Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998Holotype: coll. G. Ronkay. Type locality: Nepal, Ganesh Himal, near Slya. Distribution: Nepal .Harutaeographa craspedophora Holotype: coll. Vartian, NHM. Type locality: Afghanistan, Paghman-Gebirge, 20 km NW Kabul. Distribution: Afghanistan (Paghman Mts.).Harutaeographa diffusa Yoshimoto, 1994Holotype: NSMT. Type locality: Nepal, Janakpur, Jiri. Distribution: Himalaya: Pakistan; Nepal.Harutaeographa elphinia Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999PageBreakHolotype: HNHM. Type locality: Vietnam, Prov. Lao Cai, Mt. Fan-si-Pan, 7 km SW Sa Pa. Distribution: Indochina, Vietnam .Harutaeographa eriza Holotype: BMNH. Type locality: W. India, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Kulu. Distribution: Himalaya; Pakistan; India (Prov. Punjab).Harutaeographa fasciculata Harutaeographa fusciculata nec Hampson, 1894= Holotype: BMNH. Type locality: Sikkim (India). Distribution: Himalaya: Sikkim, N. India; Nepal; North Vietnam (Fansipan Mts).Harutaeographa ferrosticta Holotype: BMNH. Type locality: Kashmir, Narkundah. Distribution: Himalaya: Pakistan; N. India (Prov. Jammu & Kashmir).Harutaeographa ganeshi Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998Holotype: coll. G. Ronkay. Type locality: Nepal, Ganesh Himal, 2 km W Gholjong. Distribution: Himalaya: Nepal .Harutaeographa izabella Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998Holotype: coll. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: Nepal, Annapurna Himal, 1 km E Ghorepani. Distribution: Nepal.Harutaeographa kofka Hreblay, 1996 [1997]Holotype: BMNH. Type locality: N. India, Muktesar, Naini-Tal. Distribution: Himalaya: Pakistan; N. India; Nepal.Harutaeographa loeffleri Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010Holotype: coll. P. Gyulai, HNHM. Type locality: Burma, Chun state, Mindat camp. Distribution: Myanmar .Harutaeographa maria Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999Holotype: coll. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: Pakistan, Prov. Jammu & Kashmir, Naltar valley, 5 km E Naltar. Distribution: Himalaya: Pakistan .PageBreakHarutaeographa marpha Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999Holotype: coll. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: Nepal, Dhaulagiri Himal, 6 km NW Marpha. Distribution: Nepal; Himalaya.Harutaeographa monimalis Holotype: ZFMK. Type locality: China, Yunnan. Distribution: China (Prov. Yunnan).Harutaeographa odavissa Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010Holotype: HNHM. Type locality: China, Shaanxi, Taibaishan. Distribution: China .Harutaeographa orias orias Hreblay, 1996 [1997]Holotype: BMNH. Type locality: Prov. W. Bengal, Darjeeling. Distribution: Himalaya: N.India .Harutaeographa orias yoshimotoi Hacker & Hreblay, 1996 [1997]Holotype: coll. Hacker, ZSM. Type locality: N. India, Himachal Prad., Rohtang. Distribution: Pakistan (Prov. Kashmir), Himalaya: N. India ; Nepal; Indochina; Thailand Harutaeographa pallida Yoshimoto, 1993Holotype: HNSMT, Tokyo (Japan). Type locality: Nepal, Godavari. Distribution: Himalaya: N. India (Prov. Sikkim); Nepal ; China (Prov. Yunnan).Harutaeographa pinkisherpani Hreblay & Ronkay, 1998Holotype: coll. G. Ronkay. Type locality: Nepal, Ganesh Himal, 2 km SW Haku. Distribution: Himalaya: Nepal .Harutaeographa rama Hreblay & Plante, 1996 [1997]PageBreakHolotype: coll. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: N.Pakistan, 10 km SW Astor, Rama. Distribution: Himalaya: Pakistan (Jammu & Kashmir).Harutaeographa rubida Harutaeographa bipuncta Yoshimoto, 1993= Holotype: BMNH. Type locality: Sikkim. Distribution: Himalaya: Nepal; N.India (Sikkim).Harutaeographa saba Hreblay & Plante, 1996 [1997]Holotype: coll. M. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: N.Pakistan, 10 km SW Astor, Rama. Distribution: Pakistan; Afghanistan.Harutaeographa seibaldi Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010Holotype: coll. H. Seibald, Wien (Austria). Type locality: Burma, Chun state, Mindat camp. Distribution: Myanmar .Harutaeographa shui Benedek & Saldaitis, 201229\u00b043.105'N, 102\u00b036.195'E, near Siping. Distribution: China (Sichuan).Holotype: ZSM. Type locality: China, Sichuan, Harutaeographa siva Hreblay, 1996 [1997]Holotype: BMNH. Type locality: N. India, Simla. Distribution: Himalaya: N. India.Harutaeographa stangelmaieri Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010Holotype: coll. Becher/Stumpf (Germany). Type locality: China, Prov. Yunnan, Daxue Shan Mts. Distribution: China .Harutaeographa stenoptera Holotype: MNHU. Type locality: Ussuri, Amur. Distribution: Russia: ; Korea; China (Shaanxi).Harutaeographa yangzisherpani yangzisherpani Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999Harutaeographa yangzisherpani transformis Hreblay & Ronkay, 1999= Holotype: coll. Hreblay, HNHM. Type locality: Thailand, Changwat Chiang Mai, Mts. Doi Inthanon. Distribution: Thailand, Vietnam; Nepal."}
{"text": "The correct first author name is: Daniel Louis Albert van den HoveThe corrected citation is: van den Hove DLA, Jakob SB, Schraut K-G, Kenis G, Schmitt AG, et al. (2011) Differential Effects of Prenatal Stress in 5-Htt Deficient Mice: Towards Molecular Mechanisms of Gene \u00d7 Environment Interactions. PLoS ONE 6(8): e22715. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022715"}
{"text": "The correct name of the second author is: Amelie V. GuitartThe correct citation is: Calaminus SDJ, Guitart AV, Sinclair A, Schachtner H, Watson SP, et al. (2012) Lineage Tracing of Pf4-Cre Marks Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Progeny. PLoS ONE 7(12): e51361. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051361"}
{"text": "The second author's name was originally misspelled. The correct spelling is: Alexandra Kleiman. The correct citation is: Reetz K, Kleiman A, Klein C, Lencer R, Zuehlke C, et al. (2011) CAG Repeats Determine Brain Atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 17: A VBM Study. PLoS ONE 6(1): e15125. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015125"}
{"text": "The name of the first author is incorrect. The correct name is: Chun-Hao Tsai. The correct citation is: Tsai C-H, Muo C-H, Tzeng H-E, Tang C-H, Hsu H-C, et al. (2013) Fracture in Asian Women with Breast Cancer Occurs at Younger Age. PLoS ONE 8(9): e75109. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075109."}
{"text": "AbstractA compilation of all supra- and (infra-) specific taxa of extant and fossil Valvatidae, a group of freshwater operculate snails, is provided, including taxa initially described in this family and subsequently classified in other families, as well as names containing errors or misspellings. The extensive reference list is directly linked to the available electronic source  of the respective papers. Paludina bekannt, oder nach deren Zerfallen in die betreffenden Gattungen bis in die neueste Zeit in die Literatur eingef\u00fchrt wurden, zusammen zu stellen ...... Dass ich .. somit manches todte Synonym zur Welt bringe, wird wohl nicht getadelt werden, da solche Namen fort und fort wie Irrlichter in den Sammlungen herumwandern, ohne Ruhe zu finden. Die Arbeit selbst .... l\u00e4sst die bedeutenden L\u00fccken sehen, die f\u00fcr mich durch die unsicheren und mir unbekannten Arten noch bestehen.\u201dPaludina of Lamarck, or have been described after its splitting into the various genera until most recent times in the literature...... That PageBreakI will give rise to certain dead synonyms will probably not be criticized, since such names are like ghost-lights migrating without rest in the collections. The work itself ...... also sheds light on the considerable gaps, which still exist due to the uncertain and unknown species\u201d].\u201cRemarks: (1) Note page 462, footnote: \u201cNachtr\u00e4glich sehe ich, dass Aegea Rambur, 1866 , therefore replaced by Aegionia Cossmann, 1921. However, the Code (ICZN Art. 56.2) now accepts one\u2013letter differences for genus\u2013group names.(2) Considered to be preoccupied by Aegionia Cossmann, 1921+ PageBreakOriginal source: Valvata.Original classification: Subgenus of Valvata (Aegaea) vivipariformis Oppenheim, 1891 by original designation.Type species: Aegionia Cossmann, 1921 was expressly established as a new replacement name for Aegaea Oppenheim, 1891 in the belief that Aegea Rambur, 1866 (Lepidoptera) would be a senior homonym .Remarks: Alienella Starobogatov & Zatravkin, 1985Original source: Sibirovalvata in genus Cincinna.Original classification: Sectio (\u201csect.n.\u201d) of subgenus Valvata aliena Westerlund, 1877 by original designation.Type species: Amplovalvata Yen, 1952+ Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Amplovalvata cyclostoma Yen, 1952 by original designation.Type species: + Andrusovia Brusina, 1902 .Original classification: Genus of Andrusovia dybowskii Brusina, 1902 .Misspelling of Aphanotylus Brusina, 1894+ Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Aphanotylus cossmanni Brusina, 1894 by original designation.Type species: + Pachystoma Sandberger, 1875 (see there), which was preoccupied by Pachystoma Guilding, 1828 [Ampullariidae]. However, Stiphrostoma as a replacement name for Pachystoma Sandberger, 1875 . Valvata studeri Boeters & Falkner, 1998 as type under the plenary powers in ordert o correspond tot he modern understanding of Atropidina as being used for what is now known as Valvata studeri and related species.Remarks: scinalis ) from thBiwakovalvata Starobogatov, 1983  biwaensis Preston, 1916 by original designation.Type species: Borysthenia Lindholm, 1914Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Valvata jelskii Crosse, 1863 by original designation by Type species: Jelskia Bourguignat, 1877, non Taczanowski, 1871: 128 (Arachnida: Araneae). This is the only genus characterized by current taxonomists also by radular characters , whereas the usually stated ovovivipary is at least doubtful (Remarks: Replacement name for preoccupied doubtful .Cicinna\u201c\u201c mentioned in Cincinna.Misspelling of Cinciana\u201d\u201c mentioned in Cincinna.Misspelling of Cincinna\u201d\u201c mentioned in Menke (1848)fideOriginal source: H\u00fcbner 1810: 56 , Nerita piscinalis M\u00fcller, 1774  was called \u2018Gyrorbis Agassiz\u2019, by (3) According to Heterovalvata Munier-Chalmas, 1879+ Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Heterovalvata disjuncta Dollfus, 1877 by monotypy .Type species: + Jekeliusiana Gozhik, 2002+ Original source: Valvata.Original classification: Subgenus of Valvata (Jekeliusiana) oecsensis halavatsi Gozhik, 2002 by original designation.Type species: + Jelskia Bourguignat, 1877Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of PageBreakValvata jelskii Crosse, 1863 by original designation.Type species: Jelskia Taczanowski, 1871: 97 resp. 128 (Chelicerata: Araneae), replaced by Borysthenia Lindholm, 1914.Remarks: Not valid, because preoccupied by Liratina Lindholm, 1906: 190Original source: Valvata M\u00fcller, 1773.Original classification: Subgenus of Valvata baicalensis Gerstfeld, 1859 by original designation.Type species: Loriolina Huckriede, 1967+ Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Valvata loryana Loriol, 1865 by monotypy.Type species: + Lyogyrus Gill, 1863Original Source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Valvata pupoidea Gould, 1841 by original designation.Type species: Amnicolidae or Hydrobiidae.Remarks: According to Magovalvata\u201c mentioned in \u201cMegalovalvata Lindholm, 1906.Misspelling of Megalovalvata Lindholm, 1906Original source: Valvata M\u00fcller, 1773.Original classification: Subgenus of Valvata grubei Dybowski, 1875 by original designation.Type species: Mesovalvata Wei, 1984 : #3985).Original source: Valvata.Original classification: Subgenus of Valvata  karameilica Wei, 1984 by original designation.Type species: + Michaudia Locard, 1883 (non Helicidae)+ Original source: Valvata.Original classification: Subgenus of Valvata falsani Locard, 1883 by monotypy (see there).Type species: Microcincinna Starobogatov, 1983Original source: Valvata.Original classification: Subgenus of Valvata geyeri Menzel, 1904 by original designation.Type species: PageBreakMicrocyclas Raspail, 1909+ Original source: Microcyclas lamellosus Raspail, 1909 by original designation.Type species: Valvatidae.Remarks: Minutiana Fagot, 1892Original source: Valvata turgidula Bourguignat, 1889 by monotypy.Type species: Globuliana Paladhile, 1866 (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: Ochridotropidina / Ohridotropidina (nomen nudum)Original source: Valvata (Ochridotropidina) polinskii\u201d, was based on an error and according to the author should be Valvata (Ohridotropidina) relicta Poli\u0144ski, 1929. However, also the name Ohridotropidina never was diagnosed and thus is not an available name.Remarks: As outlined by Oncostoma Brusina, 1894 (not Aves: Tyrranidae])+ Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Valvata marginata Michaud, 1855 by monotypy by Type species: + Pachystoma Sandberger, 1875. Likewise invalid, because a junior objective synonyme of Stiphrostoma Oppenheim, 1892 and Oncostoma Sclater, 1862.Remarks: Replacement name for preoccupied Pachystoma Sandberger, 1875+ Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Valvata marginata Michaud, 1855 by monotypy.Type species: + Pachystoma Sandberger, 1875 is preoccupied by Pachystoma Guilding, 1828 [Ampullariidae]. Stiphrostoma as a replacement name, whereas Oncostoma as a replacement name, the latter is again preoccupied, however.Remarks: Pamirocincinna Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1983 Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of PageBreakNerita piscinalis M\u00fcller, 1774 by original designation.Type species: Cincinna with the same type species.Remarks: An objective junior synonym of Planella Schl\u00fcter, 1838Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774 by monotypy.Type species: Valvata with the same type species (ICZN Art. 61.3.3).Remarks: An objective junior synonym of Planorbiana Paladilhe, 1866Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774 by original designation.Type species: Valvata with the same type species (ICZN Art. 61.3.3).Remarks: An objective junior synonym of Planorbitina De Betta, 1870Original source: Valvata.Original classification: Subgenus of Valvata cristata  and Valvata spirorbis.Type species: not clearly designated. De Betta's (1870) paper contained Valvata with the same type species (ICZN Art. 61.3.3).Remarks: An objective junior synonym of Pleurovalvata Haas, 1939Original source: Valvata.Original classification: Subgenus of Valvata sincera Say, 1824 by original designation.Type species: Polytropis Sandberger, 1875 + Original source: Valvata.Original classification: Subgenus of Valvata balatonica Rolle, 1861 by subsequent designation by Jekeliella Bandel, 2010 (Hydrobiidae).Type species: + Protovalvata\u201d mentioned in Pan\u0103, 2000\u201cOriginal source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Protovalvata naticiformis n.sp. described at page 89 in the same paper as first species after the genus diagnosis.Type species not explicitly designated: \u201cGenotype: LPB IIIg no.; Pl. V, figs 26\u201327\u201c. This term is listed as the holotype of PageBreakRemarks: A specimen cannot serve as type of a genus\u2013group name, only a nominal species can . Accordingly, the genus name is not available.Provalvata Bandel, 1991+ Original source: Provalvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Valvata helicoides Loriol & Jaccard, 1865 by original designation.Type species: + Pseudomegalovalvata Kozhov, 1936Original source: Megalovalvata.Original classification: Sectio (\u201csect.n.\u201d) of subgenus Valvata  bathybia W. Dybowski, 1886 by monotypy.Type species: Remarks: Although introduced with an infra\u2013subgeneric rank, the name is available at subgeneric rank  profundicola Bekman & Starobogatov, 1975. The name has never been diagnosed.Misspelling of Sibirovalvata Starobogatov & Streletzkaja, 1967Original source: CincinnaOriginal classification: Subgenus of Valvata confusa Westerlund, 1897 by original designation.Type species: Sinorificium Guo, 1982 .Remarks: According to Stiphrostoma Oppenheim, 1892+ Original source: Valvatidae.Original classification: Genus of Valvata marginata Michaud, 1855 by monotypy by Type species: + Pachystoma Sandberger, 1875, by Oppenheim treated as a junior homonym of Pachytoma Swainson, 1840 (Helicinidae), the latter was incorrectly spelled Pachystoma by Stiphrostoma was correctly established as a new replacement name, the act was just incorrectly justified. But this has no influence on the status of Stiphrostoma as a new replacement name.Remarks: Expressly established as a new replacement name for PageBreakTropidina Adams & Adams, 1854 Tropidina H. & A. Adams, 1854), a subtribe of cerambycid Coleoptera).: 50, 51. Senior objective synonym of Valvatinella De Betta, 1870Original source: De Betta 1870: 127.Valvata.Original classification: Subgenus of Nerita piscinalis M\u00fcller, 1774.Type species: Piscinalia Paladilhe, 1866 and Cincinna M\u00f6rch, 1864 with the same type species.Remarks: An objective junior synonym of Valvearius Dum\u00e9ril, 1805Original source: Valvatidae .Original classification: Genus of Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774 by subsequent monotypy by Type species: Remarks: 1805 is the correct year of publication as shown by Valvata M\u00fcller, 1773 with the same type species.An objective junior synonym of PageBreakValvulata\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata M\u00fcller, 1773.Misspelling of Volvata\u201c\u201c mentioned in Valvata M\u00fcller, 1773.A repeated and constant misspelling of www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/) by Bagni Liggia currently (last update: 28th April 2013) lists 55 extant taxa , whereas the present search has revealed more than 210 extant valvatid taxon names. Accordingly the synonymy rate is close to 1:3, i.e. an average of 3 names for each species. In addition, about 40 nominal Valvata species are currently assigned to other familes and more than 100 other taxon names exist, which are solely based on various types of error.All taxa  are listed alphabetically here in their original version (only spelling corrected according to ICZN rules) regardless of applicability, current taxonomic status and synonyms. I also add available data sources , which may be useful for future species delineation.Hydropsyche) were considered to be Valvata species by early authors .As a historical curiosity, certain shells of trichopteran insects . The single nominal extant Valvata from the southern hemisphere, Valvata pedderi, has been now placed in the euthyneuran, pan\u2013pulmonate Glacidorbidae with Gondwana distribution, thus making at least the extant Valvatidae mostly a taxon nearly exclusively found only in the northern hemisphere.Several species of nominal Valvatidae\u201d, it is more than likely that this is also the case among the fossil species, since the diagnostic fine\u2013structure of the protoconch has only been rarly studied by SEM  among the formal descriptions of extant \u201c e.g. by . The strPageBreakwww.biodiversitylibrary.org/, Gallica http://gallica.bnf.fr/, the Digitizing Center in G\u00f6ttingen http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ or DigiLit in Linz www.landesmuseum.at/datenbanken/digilit/ are of substantial value for current taxonomic research. Indeed, the current study could not be conducted in a reasonable time\u2013frame without the help of these resources. However, the automatic text recognition software used by some websites provides a new source of misspellings and errors, in particular, if old papers or books in Gothic typescript or in poor print condition are used. Many of these mistakes were found in the Global Name Index (GNI) or in the Index of Organismic Names (ION), some have also been copied by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) or by the World Mollusc Species Data Base (WMSDB). In the following catalog such names are listed and the most probable explanation is provided, obvious errors have not been listed herein. The most impressive example probably is \u201cValvata ouscubakus Nykk., 1895\u201d for Valvata piscinalis  attributed at http://content.lib.washington.edu/ to fig. 66 for http://www.wikipeetia.org/Valvata, yet there is little doubt that the following list is not complete and will grow in the future. I will be grateful for explanations of any names with currently unknown source.Throughout the decades a high number of valvatid taxon names in the literature or in the internet have been created by misspellings, confusions or other errors. Previously, these errors were mostly due to simple errors of authors or publishers, whereas in more recent times the electronic versions and copies add to the problem: There is no doubt that electronic libraries such as the Biodiversity Heritage Library Valvata (Cincinna) abavia Huckriede, 1967+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Jurassic, Lower Kimmeridge.Type locality: Hannover-Linder, Lindener Berg, Germany.Valvata (Cincinna) sorensis var. abbreviata: Lindholm, 1909Original source: Type locality: Lake Baikal, Prorwinskji Ssor, Russia.Valvata (Cincinna) ssorensis var. abbreviata.The latter misspelling has been often repeated in particular by Russian authors.Remarks: In the original description Lindholm misspelled the name as Valvata abdita Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower-Middle Miocene, Burdigalian-Langhian.Type locality: Lower-Middle Miocene, Burdigalian-Langhian; Dugoselo, Croatia.Valvata (Aphanotylus) aberrans Bukowski, 1895+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Pliocene.Type locality: near Monastery Skhi\u00e1di, Rhodus Island, Greece.Remarks: Lectotype figured by PageBreakValvata piscinalis acuminata Jeffreys, 1862archive.org).Original source: Type locality: Avon River, Bristol, England and North of Ireland.Valvata adeorboides Fuchs, 1870+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: R\u0103dm\u0103ne\u0219ti, near Lugos in Banat, Romania.Valvata aegaea in + Horizon: Pliocene\u2212Pleistocene.Locality: Kos Island, Greece.Valvata aegyptiaca Innes, 1884Original source: Type localities: \u201cCanaux d\u2019Alexandrie et lac Mariout; lac du jardin kh\u00e9divial \u00e0 Ghizeh pr\u00e8s de Cairo; bords du lac Moeris, au Fayoun; rives du lac Timsah et marais pr\u00e8s de Ramses\u201d, all Egypt.o. 195, 1878\u201d.Remarks: However, as outlined by Valvata aequanica Locard, 1883\u201d and \u201cValvata aequanica Locard, 1889\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata sequanica Locard, 1883.Misspelling of + Valvata agglutinans Tassinari, 1858 .Original source: Type locality: Italy.trichopteran insect (genus Helicopsyche)  see .Valvata agglutinans Lechmere Guppy, 1864 Original source: Type locality: Northern part of Island Trinidad.Valvata agglutinans Tassarini, 1858. Also Valvata agglutinans Lechmere Guppy, 1864 is considered a synonym under the trichopteranHelicopsyche maculisternum Botosaneanu in Remarks: A junior homonym of Valvata aleina Westerlund, 1877\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata aliena Westerlund, 1877.Misspelling of PageBreakValvata aliena Westerlund, 1877Original source: Type locality: Nizhnij Inbatsk, Yenisej region, central Siberia, Russia \u201d).Lectotype designated by Valvata naticina f. alligans Lindholm, 1927Original source: Type locality: Weichsel river near Plock, Poland.Holotype figured by Valvata almerai Almera, 1894+ Valvata almerae [sic] in Original source: Type horizon: Middle Pliocene.Type locality: Papiol, province Barcelona, Spain.Valvata alpestris K\u00fcster, 1853Original source: Type locality: \u201cin kleinen Seen an der Quelle der Giessbaches unweit des Faulhorns bei Grindelwald in der Schweiz\u201d [in small lakes close to the fontain of Giessbach near the Faulhorn at Grindelwald in Switzerland] : 87, SwiTypes are figured by Boeters and Falkner (2002: pl. 15: figs 8\u201310).Valvata piscinalis , but Valvata alpestris unterscheidet sich deutlich von Valvata piscinalis, so dass wir von einer eigenst\u00e4ndigen Art ausgehen, auch wenn der Artstatus noch nicht eindeutig gekl\u00e4rt ist.\u201d .Remarks: Often seen as subspecies of Radula and anatomy were described by Valvata alta Deshayes, 1862+ Original source: Type horizon: Tertiary lignites.Type locality: Sainceny, Bassin de Paris, France.PageBreakValvata (Cincinna) altaica Popova & Starobogatov, 1981  and Altai Mountains, Russia.Valvata (Cincinna) cf. altaica Popova & Starobogatof, 1981\u201d is figured by Remarks: \u201cLiratina altispiralis Y\u00fc, 1982+ Original source: Type horizon: Cretaceous.Type locality: Xizang, China.Pentagoniostoma altispiratum Branson, 1935+ Original source: Type horizon: Jurassic, Morrison Formation.Type locality: 3 miles south of Mayoworth, Wyoming, USA.Valvata ambigua Westerlund, 1873 (under heading of subgenus Tropidina)Original source: Type locality: \u201cSverige vid G\u00f6teborg\u201d [Sweden near G\u00f6teborg] see .Types: Naturalhistoriska Museet G\u00f6teborg, #7242 . However, recently Valvata piscinalis.Remarks: European authors mostly considered this taxon as a synonym to Valvata ambiqua\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata ambigua Westerlund, 1873.Misspelling of Cincinna  amurensis Moskvicheva, 1985 , Russia.Holotype: According to Valvata macrostoma var. anapensis Westerlund, 1883Valvata macrostoma var. anapensis Cafici), but ICZN Art. 50.1.1 is not satisfied.Original source: Type locality: river Anapo, Sicily, Italy.PageBreakValvata anconae De Stefani, 1877+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene.Type locality: Arno Valley, near Montecarlo, Italy.Valvata andreaei Menzel, 1904Original source: Type locality: Diluvial  freshwater sediments of Wallensen south of Hannover and in older alluvial calcareous tuff of Alfeld and er Leine, Niedersachsen, Germany.Types not traced.Valvata (Cincinna) andreana Menzel, 1904 by the author himself. Valvata andreaei is also (solely) used by Remarks: Replacement name for Valvata (Cincinna) andreana Menzel, 1904+ Original source: Type horizon: Diluvial  freshwater sediments.Type locality: Wallensen south of Hannover and in older alluvial calcareous tuff of Alfeld and er Leine, Niedersachsen, Germany.Valvata andreaei Menzel, 1904 in the same issue of the journal. Valvata andreaei is also (solely) used by Remarks: Replaced by Valvata andrezowski\u201d \u201cValvata andrezowski Jelsch\u201d; the back of the label says \u201cKiew\u201d. There is also a penciled note \u201cThese 2 spp. mixed by breakage of bottles\u201d, the second species being Valvata spirorbis, for which there is also a label. There are three specimens in the lot; one of them is too large to be Valvata spirorbis (= cristata). The larger specimen is similar to Valvata naticina. The lot came from the C. M. Wheatley Collection deposited by the University of Pennsylvania. \u201cJelsch\u201d means \u201cJelski\u201d, who published Valvata menkeana [see there]. Perhaps Jelski distributed specimens under the manuscript name \u201candrezowski\u201d and then decided to give it a different name.According to Dr. Gary Rosenberg from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (Philadelphia), the digitized label of a single sample says \u201cAmplovalvata suturalis anjipingensis Y\u00fc, 1980  at the basis of Mount Sinai, Egypt.Valvata anomala Moore, 1867+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Jurassic.Type locality: Charterhouse Mine, South Wales, U.K.Valvata antigua\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata antiqua Morris, 1838.Misspelling of Valvata antiqua Morris, 1838Original source: Type locality: Grays in the Thames valley [from the publication titles], England.Valvata piscinalis , but Russian authors .Holotype: U.S. National Museum #469212.Remarks: The holotype was designated in the original publication as \u201ctype\u201d. The lot in the type collection of USNM with the catalogue number 469212 contains a single specimen, which matches the original illustration and measurements. The specimen is labeled as syntype on the later printed label.PageBreakValvata anvandalei\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata piscinalis annandalei Preston, 1916.Misspelling of Valvata aphanotylopsis Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Miocene, Pontium.Type locality: Begalijica, Serbia.Valvata (Cincinna) applanata Youluo, 1978 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Planorbis arcelini Bourguignat, 1870 .Type locality: Berges de la Sa\u00f3ne, France.Valvata arcelini in Remarks: cited as Valvata arenaria\u201d \u201cValvata arenifera Lea, 1834.Misspelling of Valvata arenifera Lea, 1834Original source: Type locality: Cumberland river near Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A.trichopteran insect (Helicopsyche resp. Phryganea)  by arenifera Lea, 1834 has priority.Remarks: the larval shell of an nea) see . ConsideValvata ausonia\u201d .\u201cOmalogyra ausonia Palazzi, 1988 , since GBIF/SysTax mentioned \u201cAtlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Italy\u201d as locality. Omalogyra ausonia has been transferred to Palazzia  by Possibly an erroneous spelling of Valvata (Cincinna) austrina Pan, 1977+ Original source: Type horizon: ?? (whole text in Chinese).Type locality: Yunnan, China.Cristatiana Servain, 1888Original source: Valvata planorbulina Paladilhe, 1867 by monotypy.Type species: Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774, but did not give a direct and unambiguous indication that Valvata cristata was to be included in Cristatiana.Remarks: PageBreakValvata avilianensis Pollonera, 1888+ Original source: Type horizon: Post-Pliocene.Type locality: Lago di Aviliana, Italy.Valvata baicalensis Gerstfeldt, 1859Original source: Type locality: Lake Baikal, Russia.Lectotype esignated by Remarks: (1) Genital details depicted by (2) Megalovalvata baicalensis Gerstf.\u201d) at: http://www.geol.irk.ru/baikal/rep_2008/pdf/baikal2008_apx5.pdf  and: www.underwaterphotography.com/Photo-Contest/underwater-photo.aspx?ID=74736(3) Live photos  Spawn data at: Megalovalvata baikalensis Gerstfeldt, 1859\u201c (WMSDB)\u201chttp://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/HtmSpecies/2280450269.htmValvata baicalensis Gerstfeldt, 1859.Misspelling of Valvata tricarinata bakeri Fluck, 1932Original source: Type locality: Oneida Lake, New York, USA.Holotype: Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia (ANSP) #169016.Valvata tricarinata.Remarks: Probably one of the many lake\u2013specific forms of Valvata balatonica Rolle, 1861 + Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: near Tihany, Lake Balaton, Hungary.Valvata balatonica in Remarks: (1) It is unclear, whether Valvalta balatonica Rolle, 1861 as type species of Jekeliella (Hydrobiidae).(2) Based on SEM of the protoconch Valvata balatonica Servain, 1881 Original source: Type horizon: Collected from detritus, thus possibly (sub)fossil.Type Locality: \u201centre les bains de F\u00fcred et la presqu\u2019\u00eele de Tihany\u201d, Lake Balaton, Hungary.PageBreakValvata balatonica Rolle, 1861 refers to the same species: Type localities of both authors are very close, but Remarks: It is unclear, whether Pseudoamnicola balizacensis Degrange-Touzin, 1892+ Valvata balizacensis by Valvata (Cincinna) balizacensis (Degrange-Touzin) by Wenz .Original source: Type horizon: Miocene.Type locality: Calcarie blanc de l\u2019Agenais, \u00e0 Balizac, France.Valvata balteata Brusina, 1878+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene-Pleistocene, Romanian.Type locality: \u010caplja, Groma\u010dnik, Slavonia, Croatia.Valvata banatica Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: R\u0103dm\u0103ne\u0219ti, Romania.Liratina basicarinata Youluo, 1978 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata tricarinata var. basalis Vanatta, 1915Original source: Type locality: Hudson River, NY, USA.Valvata bathybia Dybowski, 1886Original source: Type locality: Kultuk  + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata beltrami Contreras-Arquieta, 1993\u201d (WMSDB).\u201cValvata beltrani Contreras-Arquieta, 1993 at page 194 at www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/mexico-central_america_snail_checklist/part1.htmMisspelling of Valvata beltrani Contreras-Arquieta, 1993Original source: Type locality: Charco Azul, San Juan de Aviles, Aramberri, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico.Holotype: U.S. National Museum #860587.Valvata (Cincinna) benoisti Cossmann, 1899+ Original source: Type horizon: Jurassic \u2013 Bathonien.Type locality: D\u00e9partement de l\u2019Indre, France.Cryptonerita benoisti  (Neritidae) by Remarks: Considered as Valvata piscinaloides var. berthoni\u201c mentioned in \u201cLocality: Middle Pliocene; Saint-Laurent\u2013de-Arbres, D\u00e9partement Gard, France.Remarks: Cited by Valvata (Cincinna) besan\u00e7oni de Laub. & Carez\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata bezanconi Laubri\u00e8re & Carez, 1880.Misspelled for + Valvata beysehirensis Gl\u00f6er & Girod, 2013+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene.37\u00b043'58.38\"N, 31\u00b042'08.76\"E).Type locality: A hillock to the west of the national road D695, at the latitude of \u00c7iftlikk\u00f6y, just south of the turning for this village  bezancani Laubriere & Carez\u201d in \u201cValvata bezanconi Laubri\u00e8re & Carez, 1880.Misspelling of + PageBreakValvata bezanconi Laubri\u00e8re & Carez, 1880+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Pliocene.Type locality: Brasles near Ch\u00e2teau-Thierry, D\u00e9partement de Aisne, France.Valvata bicarinata Lea, 1841 Original source: Type locality: Schuylkill River, PA, West side, below Permanent Bridge, USA.Holotype: U.S. National Museum #121098.Valvata heidemariae bicarinata Willmann, 1981 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Pleistocene, Middle Iraki-Formation.Type locality: Vokasia-Tal, Kos, Greece.Valvata bicarinata Lea, 1841.Remarks: A junior homonym of Valvata bicincta Fuchs, 1870 + Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: near Tihany at Lake Balaton, Hungary.Muellerpalia Bandel, 2010 (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: Valvata bicincta Whiteaves, 1885 + Original source: Type horizon: Cretaceous.Type locality: mouth of the Blind Man River, North\u2013west Territory, Canada.Valvata bicincta Fuchs, 1870.Remarks: A junior homonym of Valvata biformis Sinzov, 1876+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene.Type locality: Novorossian, Ukraine.Cincinna biformis).Remarks: Figured by Valvata (Tropidina) bifrons Neumayr, 1875+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Pliocene.Type locality: Dacian/Lower Romanian; V\u00e2rghi\u0219 (= Vargyas), Siebenb\u00fcrgen (Transsilvania), Romania.PageBreakValvata bivarinata\u201d at www.discoverlife.org\u201cValvata bicarinata I. Lea, 1841.Misspelling of Valvata (Cincinna) biwaensis Preston, 1916Original source: Type locality: Lake Biwa, Japan.Valvata bocconi Calcara, 1842Original source: Type locality: Pantano di Mondello, region of Termini, Sicilia, Italy.Valvata (Tropidina) bojanovski Pavlovi\u0107, 1932+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene\u2212Pleistocene, Metohija Series.Type locality: Topli\u010dane (\u201cblue marne Levantines near Topeli\u0107\u201d), Metohija basin, Kosovo.Valvata kochi Pavlovi\u0107, 1932.Remarks: Valvata bonelliana Pollonera, 1888+ Original source: Type horizon: Post-Pliocene.Type locality: Contorno di Torino, Italy.Valvata borealis Milachevich, 1881Original source: Type locality: near Moscow, Russia.Cincinna depressa  resp. Valvata piscinalis .Remarks: Valvata bouei Pavlovi\u0107, 1903+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene\u2212Pleistocene, Metohija Series.Type locality: Orahovac region, Metohija basin, Kosovo.Valvata boueiRemarks: + Valvata bourdoti Cossmann, 1899+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Eocene.Type locality: Bois-Gou\u00ebt, Lower Loire, Bretagne, France.PageBreakValvata bourguignati Letourneux, 1869Original source: Type locality: \u201cFontaine, pr\u00e9s du Moulin-Gachet (commune de Pissotte)\u201d , D\u00e9partement deVend\u00e9e, France.Valvata globulina Paladilhe, 1866, now under Neohoratia Sch\u00fctt, 1961 (Hydrobiidae). Remarks: (1) Islamia globulina (Hydrobiidae).(2) Islamia moquiniana (Dupuy 1851) (Hydrobiidae). (4) Islamia bourguignati .(3) According to Valvata bouryi Cossmann, 1888+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Eocene.Type locality: Neauphlette, west of Paris, France.Valvata branchiata Gruithuisen, 1821Original source: Type locality: not provided in the original source, but presumably near M\u00fcnchen, Germany, where the author lived.Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774.Remarks: Valvata (Cincinna) brandti Westerlund, 1897Original source: Type localities: \u201cSee Goktscha, Umgebung von Lagodechi\u201d ; both Kaukasus, Georgia.Caspicyclotus sierversi  (Cyclophoridae) by Remarks: Considered a synonym of Valvata (Cincinna) aliena var. brevicula Kozhov, 1936Original source: Type locality: Bogushanskaya Inlet, Lake Baikal, Russia.Lectotype : ZoologiValvata brisenoi Contreras\u201d \u201chttp://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Valvata+brisenoi\u00b7 at Discover Life: Valvata brise\u00f1oi n. sp. from Aramberri, State of Sierra Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico. The Veliger (Sometido)\u201c in \u00b7 Cited as submitted paper \u201cContreras-Arquieta, A. PageBreakValvata bronni Ancona, 1867  Refers to Stephania Esu & Girotti, 1975: 222 (?Ampullariidae)(2) Type species of Amnicola brownie\u201c mentioned in Carpenter \u201cValvata brownii Carpenter, 1889 would be the original source of the name.Remarks: it is questionable, whether or not this newspaper is published work in the sense of ICZN Art. 8.1.1. If not, than Valvata brownii Carpenter, 1889Original source: Type locality: Cunliff\u2019s Pond, at Elmville, south of Providence, Rhode Island, USA.Lyogyrus Gill, 1863. Currently again considered as Amnicola brownii Carpenter, 1872 (Hydrobiidae) (GNI).Remarks: Cincinna (Cincinna) bugense  Gozhik, 2007+ Original source: Gozhik 2007: 76, pl. 66: figs 6\u20139.Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Maeotian.Type locality: near the town Michailowka, district Volgograd, Russia.Valvata bukowskii Brusina, 1897+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene\u2013Pleistocene (Dacian\u2013Romanian).Type locality: Be\u010di\u0107, Slavonia, Croatia.Cincinna  bureensis Starobogatov & Zatravkin, 1985Original source: Type locality: lake on the left bank of the River Bureja, near Chekunda (old) settlement, Khabarovsk Territory, Sibiria, Russia.Holotype: Zoological Institut, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.Valvata hellenica var. cabeolensis Fontannes, 1880+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Pliocene.Type locality: basin du Crest, south of Valence, France.PageBreakValvata humeralis californica Pilsbry, 1908Original source: Type locality: Bear Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, California, USA.Valvata humeralis Say, 1829 with localities in Mexico should be classified as Valvata californica.Remarks: Valvata calli Hanniball, 1910+ Original source: Type horizon: Marl\u2013deposit, Upper Lahontan Quaternary.Type locality: Summer Lake, Oregon, USA.Valvata callista Innes, 1884Original source: Type localities: \u201cMarais \u00e0 l\u2019est de canal Mahmoudieh; bords du lac Moeris, au Fayoun\u201d, all Egypt.o. 196, 1878\u201d. However, as outlined by Remarks: Valvata cancellata\u201c \u201cSpirorbis valvata Berger, 1859 and Spirorbis cancellata Fabricius, 1780 .Possibly an erroneous spelling or confusion of Valvata cangshanensis Pan, 1982+ Original source: Pan 1982: p. ??, figs 24\u201327 .Type horizon: Jurassic \u2013 Penglaizhen.Type locality: Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Basin, China.http://159.226.74.248:8000/viewSpeciDetailsNormal.jsp?bbbh=53436Holotype: Valvata carasiensis Jekelius, 1944+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene, Sarmat.Type locality: Soceni (Banat), Romania.Valvata carinata Sowerby, 1834 Original source: Locus typicus: not provided.Remarks: Concerning the publication year of Sowerby\u2019s work Valvata carinata Fuchs, 1870 + Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).PageBreakType locality: near Tihany at Lake Balaton, Hungary.Muellerpalia carinata  (Hydrobiidae). A junior homonym of Valvata carinata Sowerby, 1834.Remarks: According to Valvata caterinae\u201c mentioned in \u201cLocality: Pliocene-Pleistocene; Ptolemaida, West-Macedonia, Greece.Remarks: This PhD-Thesis, in which 35 species are ostendibley described, does not meet the conditions of ICZN Art. 8.1.3 and 9.9. Accordingly, the name is not available.Valvata (Aphanotylus) chalinei Schlickum & Puiss\u00e9gur, 1978+ Original source: Type horizon: Tertiary.Type locality: Montagny les Beaume, D\u00e9partement C\u00f4te d\u2019Or, France.Remarks: See also Valvata changzhouensis Y\u00fc, 1977  cholnokyi Schlosser, 1906.Misspelled and confused with + Valvata choristogyra Hagenm\u00fcller, 1884Valvata choristogyra (Servain)\u201d).Original source: Type locality: River Elbe at Hamburg, Germany.Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774. Also cited by Valvata choristogyra (Serv.) Loc. Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr. 1884\u201d), but could not be verified in Locard (1894), but in the directly following paper by Hagenm\u00fcller.Remarks: Valvata (Cincinna) costatus cinctus Taner, 1973 + Original source: Type horizon: Neogene.Type locality: Altintepe near the town of Fatsa close to the Black Sea, Turkey.Valvata circinata Sandberger, 1871+ Paludina circinata, a nomen nudum), but ICZN Art. 50.1.1 is not satisfied.Original source: Type horizon: Oligocene.Type locality: \u201cKalke von Kleinkems\u201d, north of Basel, Germany.Valvata cobalcescui Brusina, 1885+ Cincinna (Atropidina) cobalcescui Stefanescu by Gozhik .Original source: Paludina\u2013layers).Type horizon: Pliocene\u2013Pleistocene, , Galati, Romania.Valvata sulekiana sensu Valvata sulekiana Brusina, 1874.Remarks: As outlined by Valvata colbeaui Roffiaen, 1869Original source: Type locality: Brienzersee near Iseltwald, Switzerland.PageBreakValvata colli\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata calli Hanniball, 1910.Misspelling of + Valvata comes Hudleston, 1896+ Original source: Paludina\u2013beds.Type horizon: Middle-Jurassic, Inferior Oolite; Type locality: at Langton Bridge, Lincolnshire, England, U.K.Valvata compressa Locard, 1889Original source: Type locality: first locality mentioned is \u201cPoligny dans le Jura\u201d, France.Valvata (Cincinna) confusa Westerlund, 1897 Original source: Type locality: \u201cSibirien. Thal des Olenek\u201d , Russia.Lectotype designated by Remarks: Genital details are depicted by Valvata tricarinata var. confusa Walker, 1902  confusa Westerlund, 1897)Original source: Type locality: not provided.Valvata tricarinata var. perconfusa Walker, 1917 (see there).Remarks: Replaced by Valvata connectens Brusina, 1892+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Pliocene, Pannonian.Type locality: Marku\u0161evec (Zagreb), Croatia.Valvata gradata Brusina (1874: 135), non Fuchs, 1870.Remarks: Replacement name for Valvata conoidalis Michaud, 1855+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Pliocene, Zanclean.Type locality: Hauterive (Dr\u00f4me), France.Craspedopoma conoidale  (Maizaniidae) by Locard (1887: 243) and Remarks: Considered as PageBreakValvata (Cincinna) consors Westerlund, 1886Original source: Type locality: Klagenfurt in K\u00e4rnten, Austria.Nerita contorta M\u00fcller, 1774Original source: Type locality: Fridrichsdal, Denmark.Types possibly in Zoological Museum Copenhagen : 66.Valvata piscinalis antiqua. Valvata piscinalis var. fluviatilis Colbeau, 1859 is a synonym of Cincinna contorta. Most European malacologists under the name Valvata fluviatilis identified separate species, for which Starobogatov Starobogatov in Cincinna (Cincinna) falsifluviatilis (see there).Remarks: Radula figured by Helix contortaplicata Gmelin, 1791Helix contorta\u2013plicata).Original source: Type locality: \u201cGalliae\u201d (France).Nerita contorta (see there), and to the work of (not named) D\u00e9zallier d\u2019Argenville of 1742 (Pl. 8: fig. 5). Synonymy with Nerita contorta M\u00fcller, 1774 remains unclear.Remarks: Gmelin provided a short description, a reference to Valvata coronadoi Bourguignat, 1870Original source: Type locality: \u201cen los alrededores de Madrid, o, al menos, en algunos manantiales o arroyos de la provincia de Castilla La Nueva\u201d , Spain.Types: Lectotype Museum de l\u2019Histoire Naturelle de Geneve  coronadoi (Hydrobiidae) see Hydrobiidae).Remarks: Now Aphanotylus cossmanni Brusina, 1894+ Original source: Lyrc\u00e6a (Melanopsis) / Congeria\u2013layers.Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Upper Pannonian, horizon of Type locality: K\u00fap, Komitat Veszpr\u00e9m, Western Hungary.PageBreakValvata piscinalis var. costulata Drou\u00ebt, 1867Original source: Type locality: Ouche, France.Valvata (Cincinna) costatus [sic] Taner, 1973 + Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene.Type locality: Tabakalari, Tahir, Eastern Turkey.Valvata craterella Russell, 1938+ Original source: Type horizon: Oligocene.Type locality: Park County, Colorado, USA.Valvata cressidana Locard, 1889Original source: Type locality: Marais de Cressida, Corfu, Greece.Valvata crisata (Mull.)\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774.Misspelling of Valvata crispata\u201d mentioned in \u201cRemarks: (1) Name attributed by Westerlund to Benoit with a bibliographical reference to the un\u2013labelled plates in \u201chydropsychid trichopteran (Hexapoda: Phryganea) (cf. (2) This name refers to the shell of a nea) cf. : 18.Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774Original source: Type locality: Fridrichsdal (NW of Copenhagen), Denmark.Types possibly in Zoological Museum Copenhagen : 73.http://www.allesumdieschneck.de/html/valvata_cristata.htmlRemarks: (1) SEM photos of shell and radula are provided by PageBreakValvata cristatella \u201cf. Biguet\u201d (i.e. Faure-Biguet) mentioned in Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774 denoted with the letter b, but without making it available.Remarks: Cited by Valvata piscinalis var. crusitensis Fontannes, 1886+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene\u2013Pleistocene, Romanian.Type locality: Cru\u0219e\u021b , Dolj, Romania.Valvata (Cincinna) crusitensis Fontannes by Remarks: figured as Valvata cumingii Reeve, 1859Original source: Type locality: England.Remarks: Present status unknown, cf. Valvata inflata var. curta Tournou\u00ebr\u201d mentioned in \u201cLocality: Middle Pliocene; Saint-Amour, D\u00e9partement Jura, Region Franche-Comt\u00e9, France.Valvata interposita de Stefani, 1880.Remarks: Valvata cyclomphala Westerlund, 1889Original source: Type locality: \u201cNorvegia in Finmarkia oriental ad Koskiniavi (Flumen Pasvig)\u201d, Norway.Valvata  cyclistomoides Raspail\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata cyclotusoides Raspail, 1909.Consistent misspelling of Amplovalvata cyclostoma Yen, 1952+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Jurassic, Morrison Formation.Type locality: Felch\u2019s Ranch, Garden Park, 9 miles north of Canon City, Fremont County, Colorado, USA.Planorbis cyclostomus Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene-Pleistocene, Dacian-Romanian.Type locality: Groma\u010dnik, Slavonia, Croatia.Valvata by Remarks: Considered as a PageBreakValvata cyclostrema Brusina, 1892+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian.Type locality: Marku\u0161evec (Zagreb), Croatia.Valvata cyclotusoides Raspail, 1909+ Valvata  cyclistomoides Raspail\u201c.Original source: Type horizon: Middle Eocene, Upper Bartonian.Type locality: Le Vouast near Montjavoult, north\u2013west of Paris, D\u00e9partement Oise, France.Valvata cyrenophila Andreae, 1884+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Oligocene, Chattien.Type locality: Kolbsheim, D\u00e9partement Bas-Rhin, France.Valvata cythropomatia Hemph.\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata erythropomatia Hauffen, 1856.Probably corrupted by erroneous text recognition software for Cincinna dakangensis Y\u00fc, 1974+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Jurassic.Type locality: Jiangyou, Sichuan Province, Southwest China.Aphanotylus dakangensis Pan, 1982+ Original source: Pan 1982: ??, figs 5\u20138 .Type horizon: Mesozoic.Type locality: artesian springs, Sichuan Jiangyou Grafschaft Kang, Sichuan province, China.http://159.226.74.248:8000/viewSpeciDetailsNormal.jsp?bbbh=53439Holotype: Valvata dalaziensis Zhu, 1980+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Cretaceous.Type locality: Northwest China.Valvata sincera danielsi Walker, 1906Original source: Type locality: Cannon Lake, Rice Co. Minnesota, USA.PageBreakValvata danubiana Put & Polyszcuk [sic!], 1969Original source: Type locality: Right bank of Ochakov\u2013mouth in the Danube delta, Ukraine.Valvata debilis Fuchs, 1870+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: near Tihany at Lake Balaton, Hungary.Planorbidae.Remarks: According to Valvata decollata Hislop, 1859+ Original source: Type horizon: Tertiary.Type locality: T\u00e1kli, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, East India.Remarks: The valvatid nature of this taxon was doubted by Valvata deflexa Sandberger, 1863+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Miocene, Littorinellenkalk.Type locality: K\u00e4strich in Mainz, Germany.Planorbis crassilabris Sanderberger, 1875.Remarks: Sandberger himself : 493 conRemarks: Types of Amplovalvata deformis Pan, 1980  delaunayi Cossmann, 1907+ Original source: Type horizon: Jurassic, Dogger, Bathonien.Type locality: Saint-Gaultier (Indre), France.PageBreakRemarks: Judging from the figure of the shell (non\u2013circular aperture) nearly with certainty no valvatid.Heterovalvata delessei\u201c mentioned in \u201cLocality: Stratum ?; Saint Cyr, Tripoli, Libanon.Valvata delevieleusae Hagenm\u00fcller, 1884Original source: Type locality: not provided, North Africa.Daudebardiella Boettger, 1905 because of the oblique aperture.Remarks: Valvata cristata var. delpretiana Paulucci, 1878Original source: Type locality: near Viareggio, Toscana, Italy.Valvata (Liratina) baicalensis var. demersa Lindholm, 1909Original source: Type locality: Lake Baikal, \u201cbeim Uluss [type error: Fluss] Byrkin\u201d [at river Byrkin], Russia.Lectotype designated by Remarks: (1) SEM of radula figured by R\u00f6pstorf et al. (2003: fig. 6B).Megalovalvata demersa Ldh.\u201d): http://www.geol.irk.ru/baikal/rep_2008/pdf/baikal2008_apx5.pdf .(2) Live photo  Spawn data: Valvata densestriata Pilsbry, 1934+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene.Type locality: 23 miles southwest of Hanford, Kettleman Hills, California, USA.Valvata depressa Pfeiffer, 1821Original source: Type locality: \u201ein einem schlammigen Wassergraben, unweit Hanau, bey dem Dorfe Enkheim\u201c. , Germany.Types: not traced. Pfeiffer\u2019s collection was dispersed after his death .Valvata deshayesi Denainvilliers, 1875+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Miocene, Aquitanian.Type locality: Segrais near Piethiviers, D\u00e9partment de Loiret, France.PageBreakPaludina dilatata Eichwald, 1830Original source: Valvata dilatata in Type locality: Quaternary (!) deposits near Grodno (Hrodna), Belarus.Lectotype designated by Cincinna.Remarks: Russian authors e.g. : 67 reguValvata discors Westerlund, 1886Original source: Type locality: \u201cSweden Lake Ringsj\u00f6n\u201d. According to Syntypes  in the Naturalhistoriska Museet G\u00f6teborg, figured by Valvata discors as a subspecies of Valvata piscinalis . Remarks: Valvata disjuncta Dollfus, 1877+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Oligocene.Type locality: Bessancourt (Seine-et-Oise), France.Valvata (Tropidina) donghucunensis Pan, 1977+ Original source: Type horizon: ?? (whole text in Chinese).Type locality: Yunnan, China.Valvata (Tropidina) dongshucuanensis Pan, 1977\u201c mentioned in Chinese online\u2013catalogues.\u201cValvata (Tropidina) donghucunensis Pan, 1977.Misspelling of + Valvata (Tropidina) drimensis Pavlovi\u0107, 1903+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene-Pleistocene, Metohija Series.Type locality: Orahovac region, Metohija Basin, Southwest Kosovo.PageBreakValvata dromica Fontannes, 1880+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene.Type locality: bassin du Crest, Drome, France.Valvata piscinalis var. dujardini\u201d mentioned in \u201cListed or mentioned by http://www.geocaching.com/seek/cache_details.aspx?guid=4ae1307b-f29f-4a9e-a7ef-71bc1299dfbd); D\u00e9partements d\u2019Indre-et-Loire and Maine-et-Loire and an extension in the region of Rennes (D\u00e9partement d\u2019Ille et Vilaine). France.Locality: Middle Miocene, Faluns de la Touraine \u201cValvata tricarinata Say, 1817.Possibly misspelled for Valvata elatior\u201d Menzel, 1904   andreana var. latior Menzel, 1904 (see there).Error pro Valvata erythropomatia Hauffen, 1856Original source: Hauffen 1856: 465, pl. 7: fig. 1.Type locality: Cave of G\u00f6rtschach / Gori\u010de (i.e. (=\u201dBabja Luknja\u201d cave), Slovenia.Erythropomatiana Radoman, 1978 (see Hauffenia (Hydrobiidae) see Remarks: Type species of 1978 see , now HauValvata (Tropidina) eugeniae Neumayr, 1875 .Type horizon: Lower Pliocene, Dacian / Lower Romanian , Siebenb\u00fcrgen (Transsilvania), Romania.Valvata euomphalus Fuchs, 1877+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene, Chaudian (G\u00fcnz glaciation).Type locality: Livanates near Talanti, Greece.Graecamnicola Willmann, 1981 (Hydrobiidae), lectotype described and figured by Remarks: Type species of Valvata euristoma Brusina, 1902+ Valvata eurystoma [sic] Brusina\u201c in Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian.Type locality: Begaljica, Serbia.PageBreakValvata eurystoma\u201c mentioned in \u201cLocality: Tertiary; Mainzer Becken, Germany.Borysthenia naticina euxinica Gozhik, 2007+ Original source: Gozhik 2007: 74\u201375, pl. 65: figs 2\u20134.Type horizon: Upper Pleistocene (Evksinsk layer).Type locality: near Ozernoye, district Stawropol, Russia.Valvata exigua Schmidt, 1856Original source: Neotype: Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt #262352.Type locality (according to the neotype designation by Horatia (Horatia) exigua  by Daphniola Sch\u00fctt, 1980 (Hydrobiidae), see Remarks: Considered as Valvata exilis Paladilhe, 1867Original source: Type locality: \u201cdans les alluvions de Lez\u201d, D\u00e9partement H\u00e9rault, France.Heraultia Bodon, Manganelli & Giusti, 2001, being replaced by Heraultiella, see Hydrobiidae).Remarks: Type species of Valvata eximia Servain, 1880Original source: Type locality: Badajoz, Spain.Remarks: Cited by Valvata exinia Servain, 1880\u201d in \u201cValvata eximia Servain, 1880.Misspelling of Valvata  exotica Papp, 1954+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene, Sarmatian.Type locality: Wiesen, Eisenstadt (Sopron) Basin, Burgenland, Austria.Valvata pseudoadeorbis Sinzow, 1880 sensu Remarks: Introduced for Valvata fagoti Fagot, 1881Valvata fagoti Bourguignat).Original source: Type locality: \u201cSaint-Pardoult (Charente-Inf\u00e9rieure), France.PageBreakLiratina fahaniuensis Youluo, 1978 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata falsani Locard, 1883+ Valvata ? Falsani (Lithoglyphus), Tournou\u00ebr, 1876, Mss. in Falsan: Introd. Faune Meximieux, p. 34\u201d  with further references by Original source: 34\u201d i.e. : 164, a Type horizon: Middle Pliocene, Plaisencien.Type locality: P\u00e9rouges, D\u00e9partement de Ain, France.Valvata falsani (Lithoglyphus) Tournou\u00ebr, 1876\u201c in Michaudia Locard, 1883 (page 81 and 82) (Lithoglyphidae).Remarks: Cited as \u201cCincinna falsifluviatilis in Original source: Type locality: not provided \u201cBelgien, England, Deutschland, Russland\u201d.Types: Not specified.Valvata fluviatilis sensu Westerlund, 1886  \u201c. Remarks: Established as a replacement name for \u201cfideCincinna falsifluviatlis is a nomen nudum and not available.However, a \u201csensu\u201d name is not an available name, and only an available name can be replaced for nomenclatural reasons . PageBreakHelix fascicularis Gmelin, 1791Original source: Type locality: Th\u00fcringen, Germany.Valvata piscinalis .Remarks: Valvata fennica Westerlund, 1897Original source: Type locality: \u201cFennia ad Vosnessenje prope Onega\u201d, Finland.Valvata tricarinata f. fercomfuss\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata tricarinata var. perconfusa Walker, 1917.Misspelling of Valvata (Tropidina) fezi Altimira, 1960Original source: Type locality: Fuente Roble, Y\u00e9meda, Cuenca, SpainVariability figured by hydrobiid taxon.Remarks: Valvata filosa Whiteaves, 1885+ Original source: Type horizon: Cretaceous.Type locality: Pincher Creek, North\u2013west Territory, Canada.Valvata piscinalis var. fluviatilis in Valvata contorta as published by fluviatilis, and with a question mark concerning the synonymy. Accordingly, Remarks: Valvata fluviatilis Colbeau, 1868Original source: Type locality: Belgium.Remarks: According to ICZN Art. 12.2.7 Valvata piscinalis var. fluviatilis Colbeau, 1859 is a synonym of Cincinna contorta. Most of European malacologists under the name Valvata fluviatilis identified separate species, for which Anistratenko & Anistratenko proposed a new name Cincinna (Cincinna) falsifluviatilis attributed to Starobogatov, but the name is probably not available (see there).PageBreakTurbo fontinalis Pulteney, 1799Original source: Type locality: Dorsetshire, England.Turbo fontinalis, Pult.\u201d in Valvata piscinalis . \u201cValvata fontinalis, Mont.\u201c mentioned in Remarks: \u201cValvata foraminis Braun, 1843\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata foraminis  mit, dass er zwar eine Valvata eurystoma und paludinaeformis, niemals aber eine Valvata foraminis aufgestellt habe, dieser Name werde wohl nur durch irriges Entziffern einer von ihm undeutlich geschriebenen Namensetiquette in die Wissenschaft, aus welcher er hiermit definitiv ausgemerzt wird, eingeschlichen sein.\u201d .Remarks: see Valvata fossaruliformis Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian.Type locality: Kenese , Hungary.Valvata fragilis Y\u00fc, 1965+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle - Upper Eocene, upper part of the Yuanch\u00fc Chun.Type locality: Yuanch\u00fc, Shansi, China.Valvata frigida Westerlund, 1873Original source: Type locality: \u201cFr\u00e5n Naustejaur I Pite Lappmark\u201d (near Naustejaur in the Samen region), Sweden.Syntypes: Naturalhistoriska Museet G\u00f6teborg (AN 4677), figured by Valvata sibirica Middendorff, 1851.Remarks: Aphanotylus fuchsi Brusina, 1894+ Original source: Lyrc\u00e6a (Melanopsis)).Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian \u201cOriginal source: Locality: Lac de Neuchatel, Switzerland.Remarks: Name proposed as an infrasubspecific rank unavailable and thus not available under ICZN Art. 10.4, 45.5.Valvata furhrmanni\u201d \u201cValvata fuhrmanni Piaget, 1914.Misspelling of Valvata furlici Brusina, 1897+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene - Pliocene, Pannonian (Portaferrian).Type locality: Okrugljak in Zagreb, Croatia.Valvata (Cincinna) fuxinensis Y\u00fc, 1987+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Cretaceous.Type locality: Western Liaoning Province, China.Valvata (Cincinna) gafurovi Izzatullaev, 1977Original source: 2), 10 km south\u2013westward from Kyzil-Rabat, on depth 2\u20133 m, Tajik SSR.Type locality: Gorno-Badakhmanskaya Autonomous Republic, Lake Sylykty-Sai  gaillardoti Germain, 1911Original source: Type locality: Environs de Saida, Syria.Islamia gaillardoti  (Hydrobiidae), see Bodon et al. (2011: 175).Remarks: Currently Valvata gallica Locard, 1889Original source: Type localities: \u201cCanal de la Marne au Rhin\u201d; Boulogne\u2013sur-Seine, pr\u00e8s de paris; Argenteuil, Versailles, etc. (Seine-et-Oise); bar\u2013sur-Seine (Aube); Canal du Nivernais, Moulins (Allier); Auxonne (C\u00f4te\u2013d\u2019Or); Chalon\u2013sur-Sa\u00f4ne (Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire); les alluvions du Rh\u00f4ne, au nord de Lyon ; le lac du Bourget, pr\u00e8s d\u2019Aix\u2013les-Bains (Savoie); l\u2019ile de Trontemoult, \u00e0 Nantes (Loire-Inf\u00e9rrierue) [col. Bourguignat]; les environs e Bayonne (Basses Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es) [col. Bourguignat]; etc., all France.Valvata piscinalis var. gaudryana Mortillet, 1863+ Original source: PageBreakType horizon: Middle Pliocene.Type locality: Joinville\u2013le-Pont, sabli\u00e8re Deligny, Montreuil, France.Valvata piscinalis var. gaudryana Tournou\u00ebr, 1866\u00bb  geyeri Menzel, 1904 (often cited as Menzel 1900)Original source: Type locality: \u201cWeissen See\u201d (Wei\u00dfensee) near F\u00fcssen in Bavaria, Germany.Specimens from the type locality were figured bei piscinalis, alpestris, geyeri, and antiqua. Valvata geyeri as a subspecies of Valvata piscinalis . So\u2013called Cincinna geyeri from the Aussensee in Schwerin (and those of Russian authors too) are probably varieties (ecomorphs) of Valvata piscinalis.Remarks: According to Valvata gibbulaeformis Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Pliocene, Dacian.Type locality: Aita Seac\u0103, Romania.Valvata antiqua gigas Goretzki, 1956\u201d  \u2013 unknown.\u201cValvata giraudi Dollfus, 1908+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Miocene, Aquitanian.Type locality: Montaigu\u2013de-Blin, D\u00e9partement de Allier, France.Valvata glacialis Westerlund, 1881+ Original source: PageBreakType horizon: subfossil.Type locality: in glacier of Scania, a province in Sweden.Valvata globulina F\u00e9russac, 1807  and Germany: Weimar . \u201cMuller\u201d referred to Ner. Minuta\u201d to the description of Nerita minuta M\u00fcller, 1774 on p. 179. This was a bibliographical reference that made the name Valvata globulina available under ICZN Art. 12.2.1.Remarks: (1) Mentioned by Ner. Minuta\u201d by Valvata minuta\u201d (this should have said \u201cNerita minuta\u201d), because Valvata minuta as used by Valvata minuta Draparnaud\u201c mentioned in the footnote.(2) Valvata minuta was also presented with a descrption, so the name was clearly made available before 1866.(3) In addition, Valvata globulina Paladilhe, 1866\u201c, most subsequent authors used this version (e.g. (4) Nevertheless, starting with ion e.g. .Islamia globulina \u201d) is a hydrobiid.(5) According to Valvata gradata globulosa Jekelius, 1944+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene, Sarmatian.Type locality: Soceni, Banat, Romania.Jekeliella gradata  (Hydrobiidae) .Remarks: Valvata glohulina Paladilhe, 1866\u201d  mentioned in \u201cValvata globulina Paladilhe, 1866 = Islamia globulina  (Hydrobiidae).Misspelling of Valvata (Cincinna) goldfussiana W\u00fcst, 1901+ PageBreakOriginal source: Type horizon: Pliocene \u2013 Pleistocene.Type locality: Th\u00fcringen, Germany.Borysthenia goldfussiana .Remarks: Currently considered as Valvata goryi\u201d mentioned in \u201cValvata nilotica is closely related to the S.W. Asian Valvata goryi\u201d.\u201cBithynia goryi Bouguignat, 1856 .Mismatch with Valvata gracilis Locard, 1889Valvata gracilis Locard, 1886).Original source: Type localities: Environs de Cherbourgh, dans la Manche; Brest, dan le Finis\u00e8re; Issoudun, dans l\u2019Indre (Loc.); la Maine, \u00e0 Angers, dan le Maine-et-Loire (col. Bouguignat), all France.Valvata gradata Fuchs, 1870+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: near Tihany at Lake Balaton, Hungary.Jekeliella (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: Valvata graeca Fuchs, 1877+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene, Chaudian cf. .Type locality: Livanates near Talanti, Greece.Graecamnicola by Amnicolidae).Remarks: Classified among Valvata granifera\u201d.\u201ctrichopteran insect with a valvatid shell. Probably a misspelling of Valvata arenifera Lea, 1834, where this is the case, indeed (see there).Cited by Valvata contorta gratiosa Drou\u00ebt, 1867Original source: Type locality: C\u00f4te d\u2019Or, France.Valvata gregaria Bukowski, 1895+ Original source: Type horizon: Marl and/or clay.Type locality: south of Rhodos Island, Greece.Remarks: Lectotype designated and figured by PageBreakValvata gregorii Robinson, 1915+ Original source: Type horizon: Jurassic, Morrison Formation.Type locality: 4 miles NE of Black Falls, Wand Terrace, Tuba, Arizona, USA.http://collections.si.edu/search/record/nmnhpaleobiology_3307304).Holotype: Yale Peabody Museum 17849, a plastoholotype at National Museum of Natural History , north of Leipzig, Germany.Valvata grubei mentioned in Valvata grubei Dybowski, 1875Original source: Type locality: Lake Baikal.Valvata grubii Dyb.\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata grubei Dybowski, 1875.Misspelling of Valvata guatamalensis\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata guatemalensis Morelet, 1851 (which is not listed in GNI).Misspelling of Valvata guatemalensis Morelet, 1851Original source: Type locality: R\u00edo Michatoya, near the port of Istapa [Puerto Ixstapa], Dept. Esquintla, Guatemala.Cochliopa guatemalensis  (Hydrobiidae) by Remarks: Considered as Cincinna (Atropidina) guriana Gozhik, 2007+ Original source: Gozhik 2007: 79, pl. 71: figs 1\u20132.Type horizon: Pleistocene (Guriy Sediment).Type locality: near Syvash  northeastern coast of the Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine.Valvata hagenmulleri Hagenm\u00fcller, 1884   or Valvata hagenmuelleri Hagenm\u00fcller, 1884 . According to ICZN Art. 50.1.1 the correct spelling depends on the usage by the first reviser.PageBreakValvata hagenm\u00fclleri Bourguignat\u201d, but ICZN Art. 50.1.1 is not satisfied).Original source: Type locality: Seyabouse, Algeria.hydrobiid genus Daudebardiella Boettger, 1905 because of the oblique aperture.Remarks: Valvata hagenmulleri [sic] Caziot, 1902 Original source: Type locality: valley of Tavignano, Corsica, France.Valvata hagenmuelleri Caziot, 1902 (e.g. WMSDB).Remarks: often cited as Valvata (Jekeliusiana) oecsensis halavatsi Gozhik, 2002+ Original source: Figured by Gozhik .Type horizon: Miocene, Pontian?? (paper not seen).Type locality: ?? (paper not seen).Valvata (Cincinna) halopea Westerlund, 1894Original source: Type locality: Lake Palavesi near Kuopio, Finland.Valvata (Cincinna) hanjianggensis Y\u00fc, 1977  is located in East Russia/Northeast China.Holotype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.Valvata hebraica Lesson, 1832Original source: Type locality: New Guinea.Cyclotus hebraicus  (Cyclophoridae).Remarks: Liratina hedobia Youluo, 1978 + Original source: PageBreakType horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata heidemariae Willmann, 1981+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene, Middle Vokasia-Formatin.Type locality: Vokasia Tal, Island of Kos, Greece.Valvata (Cincinna) helicelloides Huckriede, 1967+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Cretaceous.Type locality \u201cValvata lewisi var. helicoidea Dall, 1905.Erroneous rendition of Valvata helicoides\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata helicoides Stoliczka, 1862+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian.Type locality: north of Eszterthal, region of Lake Balaton, Hungary.Valvata helicinoides \u201d should be classified among the heterobranch Omalogyridae. The latter view appears improbable, however, since Omalogyridae is a purely marine family, whereas valvatids are freshwater inhabitants (and the fossil samples from which this species was described are freshwater deposits).Remarks: SEM of shell and  protoconch figured by Valvata helicoides Loriol & Jaccard, 1865+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Cretaceous.Type locality  Refigured and synonymy by Valvata helicoides Loriol & Jaccard, 1865 is a junior homonym of Valvata helicoides Stoliczka, 1862, thus Valvata helicelloides.(2) Valvata helicoides de Loriol, 1865\u201c was designated as type species of Provalvata Bandel, 1991, the type genus of Provalvatidae Bandel, 1991.(3) However, \u201cValvata helicoides (Forbes)\u201d for a taxon in the genus Valvata.(4) Valvata kupensis var. hellenica Tournou\u00ebr, 1877  hellenica Westerlund, 1898)+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene, Sarakos Formation.Type locality: Island of Rhodos, Greece.Remarks: SEM photos of the protoconch  hellenica Westerlund, 1898 Original source: Lectotype (#4667a) in the Naturhistoriska Museet G\u00f6teborg, Sweden, together with two paralectotypes (#4667b), designated by Type locality: Vyteria in Arkadia, Greece.Daphniola exigua  (Hydrobiidae), see Remarks: Currently regarded as junior synonym of Valvata helvetica Locard, 1889Original source: Type locality: Lac Morat, Switzerland.Valvata hidasensis K\u00f3kay, 1967+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene, Badenian.Type locality: Hidas (Komitat Baranya), Bakony mountains, Hungary.Holotype: Hungary National Museum Natural History #M.66.965.PageBreakSandbergerina hidasensis (Truncatellidae).Remarks: Valvata  hirsutecostata Poli\u0144ski, 1929Original source: Type locality: Lake Ohrid, 20\u201330 m, Macedonia (only this side of the lake was studied).Valvata rhabdota, whereas Remarks: Anatomy has been studied by Valvata histricus\u201d (GNI)\u201cPaludina histrica Gould, 1861; currently Viviparus histricus .Probably confused with Valvata hoernesi Penecke, 1886+ Valvata h\u00f6rnesi dedicated to Rudolf H\u00f6rnes, an Austrian from Vienna; cf. ICZN Art. 32.5.2.1).Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene \u2013 Pleistocene, Dacian \u2013 Romanian.Type locality: Repu\u0161nica, Slavonia, Croatia.Valvata cristata hokkaidoensis Miyadi, 1935Original source: Type locality: T\u00f4ro\u2013ko, Hokkaido, Japan.Holotype: According to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6p3w4WWgG4Remarks: Live movie at Valvata homalogyra Brusina, 1874: 90.+ Original source: Type horizon: Neogene, layer of grey marl.Type locality: Rudu\u0161a, Dalmatia, Croatia.Valvata utahensis horatii Baily & Baily, 1951+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene.Type locality: Lifton, Ideal Beach, Great Basin, Idaho, USA.Holotype: Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia #187689.Valvata  huailinensis Y\u00fc & Pan, 1982+ Original source: Type horizon: Eocene.PageBreakType locality: Uhuo Xian, Hebei Province, China.www.nimrf.net.cn/ept/eptDataDetail.action?ptzyh=2332C0001000005344Holotype depicted at: Valvata humeralis Say, 1829Original source: Type locality: Mexico.Types: not traced.www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/189646/0: Recent surveys of this species across western USA found no morphologically similar specimens to the holotype, which is from Mexico. This suggests that individuals thought to be Valvata humeralis from the US may be a different species, and Valvata humeralis may actually be restricted to Mexico .For genetic differences to Aphanotylus humeratus Youluo, 1978 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata humerosa Say, 1829\u201c mentioned in Menke (1834: 128).\u201cValvata humeralis Say, 1829.Misspelling of Valvata humilis Fritzsche, 1924+ Original source: Type horizon: Cretaceous.Type locality: limestone of Miraflores, near Potosi, Bolivia.Valvata (Cincinna) hydrobiaeformis Cossmann, 1919+ Original source: Type horizon: Eocene.Type locality: Bois-Gou\u00ebt, Lower Loire, Bretagne, France.Valvata idahoensis Taylor, 1981 .Remarks: Replacement name for PageBreakValvata ilici Brusina, 1894+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene \u2013 Pliocene, Pannonian (Portaferrian).Type locality: Okrugljak, near Zagreb, Croatia.Valvata sincera illinoisensis Baker, 1930+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene.Type locality: near the west end of Crystal McHenry County, Illinois, USA.Valvata imhofi Clessin, 1887Tropidina).Original source: Type locality: Lake Garda, Trentino, Italy.Valvata imperialis Bourguignat, 1884\u201d \u201cViviparus imperialis Bourguignat, 1884.Probably confused with Valvata impura Stentz / Ziegler\u201c \u201ccited in cited by Systax data\u2013base for the L\u00f6bbecke Museum D\u00fcsseldorf with locality \u201cAustria, Carinthia, Klagenfurt\u201d.Paludina impura obtusa Menke, 1830 was regarded as synonym to Valvata contorta subovata Menke, 1845 by Remarks: As outlined by Valvata incerta Yen, 1947+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene.Type locality: Salt Lake Group,\u201d about 14 miles northwest of Logan, Northern Utah, USA.Valvata inconspicua Adams, 1850Original source: Type locality: Jamaica.Remarks: The types from the Museum of Camparative Zoology (Harvard) were studied and the holotype (#185089) was figured by Valvata indecisa Cossmann, 1924+ PageBreakValvata indecisa\u201d mentioned in Original source: Type horizon: Paleocene, Danian.Type locality: Belgium.Islamia sarda Esu, 1984 (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: Valvata inflata Sandberger, 1875+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Pliocene.Type locality: Bligny, D\u00e9partement de Merne, France.Valvata inflexa Deshayes, 1862+ Original source: Type horizon: Eocene.Type locality: Bernon, pr\u00e8s Epernay Basin de Paris, France.Valvata tricarinata var. infracarinata Vanatta, 1915Original source: Type locality: White Pond, NJ (USA).Holotype: Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia (ANSP) No. 12087.Valvata (Cincinna) innesi Pallary, 1901Original source: Type locality: l\u2019Ouady Feiran, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt.Valvata (Ohridotropidina) relicta interlithonis Had\u017ei\u0161ce, 1956Original source: Type locality: Lake Ohrid, Macedonia.Valvata intermedia Locard, 1889Original source: Type locality: Lago di Como near Bellagio, Lombardia, Italy.Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774.Remarks: The WMSDB regards the taxon as synonym to Borysthenia intermedia Kondrashov, 2007+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Pleistocene of Oka-Don Plain.Type locality: Novokhopersk, right bank of Khoper river, Voronezh region, Russia.Valvata interposita De Stefani, 1880+ Original source: PageBreakType horizon: Upper Pliocene.Type locality: Pacciona, Val de Tresa (Verri) near Lago Lugano, Italy.Valvata inflata var. curta Tournou\u00ebr\u201d from Bresse, France identical to Valvata interposita de Stefani, 1880.Remarks: Pachystoma involutum Tausch, 1886+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Cretaceous, \u201cGosaumergel\u201d.Type locality: Csinger valley near Ajka, Bakony, Hungary.Remarks: Cincinna (Atropidina) cobalcescui ismailense  Gozhik, 2007+ Original source: Gozhik 2007: 80, pl. 72: fig. 5\u20136.Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Maeotian.Type locality: Izmajil Region, Ukraine.Cincinna iturupensis Prozorova, 1898  and midi de Vicques (Canton Bern), both Switzerland.Cincinna (Cincinna) bugense jagorliticus  Gozhik, 2007+ Original source: Gozhik 2007: 76, pl. 67: figs 1\u20133.Type horizon: Upper Miocene \u2013 Maeotian.Type locality: bay of Jagorlyk, district of Pridnestrowje, Moldawia.Borysthenia jalpuchense  Gozhik, 2002+ Original source: Type horizon: Miocene, Pontian.Type locality: ?? (not seen).PageBreakValvata japonica Martens, 1877Original source: Type locality: Lake Hakone, Japan.Types not traced. Possibly in Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Berlin fide .http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-GvcF8kOcoRemarks: Live movie at Valvata jelskii Crosse, 1863Original source: Type locality: River Dnieper, near Kiev, Ukraina.Holotype: Museum National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris.Valvata (Cincinna) jiangsuensis Y\u00fc, 1977  joncheryensis Wenz, 1930+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Pliocene.Type locality : Jouchery, Gueux, Rilly, Basin de Paris, France.Valvata parvula Deshayes, 1862 .Remarks: Replacement name for Valvata judaica\u201c mentioned in \u201co. 192, 1878\u201d. However, as outlined by Remarks: Valvata juliae Scholz & Glaubrecht, 2010+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene, Koobi Fora Formation.Type locality: Turkana Basin, Northern Kenya.Valvata (Cincinna) circinata var. jurana Jodot, 1954+ Original source: Type horizon: Ludi\u00e9n, Eocene.Type locality: 9 km north of L\u00e9lex, D\u00e9partement Ain, France.PageBreakValvata jurassica Branson, 1935+ Original source: Type horizon: Jurassic, Morrison Formation.Type locality: 3 miles south of Mayoworth, Wyoming, USA.Pentagoniostoma jurassicum Branson, 1935+ Tropidina jurassicum (Branson) in Original source: Type horizon: Jurassic, Morrisson Formation.Type locality: 3 miles south of Mayoworth, Wyoming, USA.Aphanotylus jurassicus Pan, 1980  juxi Schlickum & Strauch, 1979+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene - brown coal area.Type locality: Bergheim (abandoned opencast mine Fortuna-Garsdorf), Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.Valvata kamirensis Willmann, 1981+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene, Salakos Formation.Type locality: 2 km west of Kamiros ruins, Island of Rhodos, Greece.Remarks: Note the high polymorphism of this species.Cincinna kamchatica Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1998Original source: Type locality: Eastern Kamchatka, small pond on Bolshoi Kamchatskyi Island in the valley of Kamchatka River, Russia.Holotype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.Valvata  karameilica Wei, 1984+ Original source: Type horizon: ??Type locality: Xinjiang Province, China.Valvata kavusani Sch\u00fctt & Kavusan, 1984+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene.PageBreakType locality: top of the pass Kozluca, between Bali and Harmanc\u0131k near K\u00fctahya \u2013 Bursa in northwestern Anatolia, Turkey.Valvata khedivialis Innes, 1884Original source: Type localities: \u201cBords du lac Timsah, dans l\u2019isthme de Suez; sur les rives du lac Moeris, au Fayoun, et sur celles du lac Mariout, pr\u00e8s Alexandrie\u201d; all Egypt.Cincinna kizakikoensis Fujita & Habe, 1991Original source: Type locality: Lake Kizaki , Nagano Prefecture, Honshu, Japan.Holotype and paratypes deposited at National Science Museum Tokyo (NSMT\u2013Mo 69606).Valvata  klemmi Sch\u00fctt, 1962Valvata piscinalis).Original source: Type locality: South border of Lake Trigonis/Trichonida near Agrinio (Bodina), Aetolia, Greece.Holotype: Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt/Main #166762.Valvata \u201csp1.\u201d, a species lacking the characteristic ridges of the shell and resembling Valvata piscinalis, whereas Valvata klemmi is a polymorphic species.Remarks: Valvata (Atropidina) klinensis Milaschewitch, 1881\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata fluviatilis var. kliniensis Milachevich, 1881.Misspelling of Valvata fluviatilis var. kliniensis Milachevich, 1881Original source: Figured by Gozhik (2007: pl. 68: figs 5\u20137).Type locality: \u201cMoujevo\u201d (vicinities of Moscow), Russia.Syntypes: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.Cincinna  klucharevae Starobogatov, 1985Original source: Type locality: Southern Sakhalin Island, near Bousset lagoon, Bolshoj Vavaj Lake, depth 2.4 m, between Kamschatka Peninsula and Japan, Russia.Holotype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.PageBreakValvata (Tropidina) kochi Pavlovi\u0107, 1932+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene\u2212Pleistocene, Metohija Series.Type locality: Topli\u010dane (\u201cblue marne Levantines near Topeli\u0107\u201d), Metohija basin, Kosovo.Also figured by Valvata (Cincinna) korotnevi Lindholm, 1909Original source: Type locality: Angarskyi sor , Russia.Lectotype designated by Megalovalvata kozhovi Sitnikova, 1983Original source: Type locality: Zavorotnaya Bay , Russia.Holotype at Zoological Institut of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.Valvata kugleri Forcart, 1948Original source: Holotype and paratypes in Naturmuseum Basel, Switzerland #2631.www.nmb.bs.ch/typenkatalog_mollusken_internetversion_korrekturen.xlsType locality: Pota Juela, Cumarebo, Falcon, VenezuelaNanivitrea kugleri  cf. Hydrobiidae - Cochliopinae), or as Tudora (Tudoata) williamsoni kugleri  (Annulariidae).Remarks: Currently (GNI) considered as Valvata kukunorica Sturany, 1900Original source: Type locality: Lake Kuku\u2013nor (today Qinghai Lake) in Nan-Shan mountains, Tibet.Valvata kunkunorica\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata kukunorica Sturany, 1900 (not listed in GNI).Misspelling of PageBreakValvata kupensis Fuchs, 1870+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Upper Pannonian.Type locality: near K\u00fap, P\u00e1pa, Hungary.Valvata lacustris Clessin, 1877Original source: Type locality: Lake Geneva, 50\u2013100 m, Switzerland.Valvata piscinalis antiqua Morris, 1838.Remarks: According to Valvata (Cincinna) piscinalis var. ladogaensis Lindholm, 1912Original source: Type locality: Lake Ladoga (1) entry of river Kabona, between the channels; (2) Bay of Wolchow (vis\u2013\u00e0-vis of entry of river Sj\u00e4ss), northwestern Russia.Valvata piscinalis var. ladogensis Lindholm, 1912\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata (Cincinna) piscinalis var. ladogaensis Lindholm, 1912.Misspelling of Valvata  laethmophila Bekman & Starobogatov, 1975Original source: Type locality: near Listvennichnoe, Baikal Lake, depth 1380 m, Russia.Holotype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.Microcyclas lamellosus Raspail, 1909+ Original source: Type horizon: Eocene.Type locality: Vouast, pr\u00e8s Montjavoult, Dept. Oise, France.Microcyclas Raspail, 1909.Remarks: Type species (by monotypy) of genus Valvata landereri Hermite, 1879+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Eocene.Type locality: Sineu, Mallorca, Spain.Remarks: According to the (not round) aperture probably not a valvatid.Valvata larteti Bourguignat, 1881+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene - calcaire marneux.Type locality: colline de Sansan, west of Toulouse, France.Valvata.Remarks: with 9 mm shell size probably no PageBreakValvata (Cincinna) andreana var. latior Menzel, 1904Valvata andreaei var. latior in Original source: Type horizon: post\u2013glacial.Type locality: Wallensen near Salzhemmendorf, Kreis Hameln, Niedersachsen; and Alfeld / Leine, Niedersachsen, Germany.Remarks: Based on fossil types, but considered as extant by Valvata piscinalis var. latius umbilicata\u201c or \u201elate umbilicata\u201c mentioned in \u201cLocality: Ebenthaler Allee (avenue) near Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria.Valvata umbilicata Servain, 1881.Remarks: Note the similar (available) name Valvata (Atropidina) lauta Lindholm, 1909Original source: Type localities: Tschiwyrkuikji Saliw; opposite to entry of river Angara (Dagarskaja Guba); bay of Besimennaja, 10 Werst  from village Gorjatschinskoje, all Lake Baikal, Russia.Lectotype designated by Valvata leduensis Li, 1988+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Cretaceous, Minhe Formation.Type locality: Xining-Minhe Basin of Qinghai, China.Valvata leei Logan, 1900+ Amplo-valvata scabrida leei (Logan) in Original source: Type horizon: Jurassic, Morrison Formation.Type locality: Freeze\u2013out Hills, Wyoming, USA.Valvata lenticularis K\u00fcster, 1856.Original source: Type locality: Sediment of river Regnitz near Bamberg, Germany.Valvata leopoldi Boissy, 1848+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Paleocene, Thanetian.Type locality: Calcaire de Rilly\u2013la\u2013Montagne: near Reims, France.PageBreakValvata leptonema Brusina, 1892+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian.Type locality: Marku\u0161evec (Zagreb), Croatia.Valvata leptopomoides Reuss, 1868+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Miocene, Eggenburgian.Type locality: freshwater limestone of Tucho\u0159ice, Bohemia, Czech Republic.Craspedompoma leptopomoides  (Pomatiasidae).Remarks: currently Valvata lessonae Sacco, 1886+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Pliocene.Type locality: Fossano, Piemont, Italy.Valvata letourneuxi\u201c mentioned in \u201co. 194, 1878\u201d.Remarks: However, as outlined by Valvata (Tropidina) levantica Halav\u00e1ts, 1889+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene\u2013Lower Pleistocene.Type locality: \u201cNagy Andr\u00e1s J\u00e1nos\u201d - fountain (artesic) in H\u00f3dmez\u0151v\u00e1s\u00e1rhely, Hungary.Remarks: The large size  and the shell shape both make a valvatid nature unlikely.Valvata lewisi Currier, 1868Original source: Type locality: Grattam, Kent (Michigan), USA.Types: not traced.Valvata striata Lewis, 1856, not Philippi, 1836 . It is improbable that this American species is identical with the Siberian ones reported by Remarks: Vernacular name \u201cfringed valvata\u201d. Replacment name for Radula (rhachis tooth) figured by Baker (1928: 28).Valvata (Atropidina) liaoxiensis Y\u00fc, 1987+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Cretaceous.Type locality: Western Liaoning Province, China.PageBreakValvata lietuvensis Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987Original source: Type locality: Vyshtitis Lake, at the border of Kaliningrad district and Lithuania. Holotype: Zoological Institut, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.Valvata lilljeborgi Westerlund, 1897Original source: Type locality: \u201cSuecia in fluvio Fyris\u00e5n ad Upsala\u201d, Sweden.Syntypes in Naturalhistoriska Museet G\u00f6teborg (AN 4654) : 69 figuValvata limpida\u201d \u201cVitrina limpida Gould, 1850.Possibly an error for Valvata (Cincinna) lorentheyi Wenz, 1928+ l\u00f6rentheyi, dedicated to the Hungarian Emerich L\u00f6renthey; cf. ICZN Art. 32.5.2.1).Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian.Type locality: Szegz\u00e1rd, Kom. Tolna, Hungary.Vivipara unicarinata L\u00f6renthey, 1894, non Valvata unicarinata L\u00f6renthey, 1894.Remarks: According to Valvata loryana Loriol, 1865+ Original source: Type horizon: Jurassic / Lower Cretaceous.Type locality: Villers-Le-Lac, northwest of Neuch\u00e2tel, France.Loriolina Huckriede, 1967.Remarks: Designated by monotypy as type species of valvatid genus Valvata lucici Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene-Pleistocene, Dacian-Romanian.Type locality: \u010cerevi\u0107 (Fru\u0161ka Gora), Serbia.Paludina lustrica Say, 1821Original source: Type locality: Shore of Cayuga Lake, New York, U.S.A.Valvata lustrica m. (Padulina lustrica Say)\u201d by Valvata lustrica is identical to Paludina lustrica Say, lacks the typical valvatid gill and should be placed in Amnicolidae or Hydrobiidae.Remarks: (1) Listed as \u201cPageBreakPaludina lustrica Say, 1821 as type species of Euamnicola Crosse & Fisher, 1891: 262  891: 262 : 22, thetrichopteran insect (Hydropsyche).(3) Interestingly, Valvata maackei Gerstf.\u201c mentioned in \u201cChoanomphalus maackei Gerstfeld, 1859 (Planorbidae).As stated by Valvata macei Locard, 1884Original source: Type locality: Saint-Martin de Varreville (Departement de la Manche), France.Valvata macrostoma M\u00f6rch, 1864Original source: Type locality: \u201cTalrig i en Mosegr\u00f6ft paa sognefogdens Lod i Rudi (Stb.); Sor\u00f6s\u00f6 [Sor\u00f8] (Stp.); Viborgs\u00f6 [Viborg] (Fedd.)\u201d Midtjylland, Danmark.Types: According to Valvata macrostoma Steenbuch\u201d in Remarks: \u201chttp://www.allesumdieschneck.de/html/valvata_macrostoma.htmlFor life cycle see Amplovalvata magna Pan, 1980+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Jurassic.Type locality: Zhejiang, Southern Anhui, Chinahttp://159.226.74.248:8000/viewSpeciDetailsNormal.jsp?bbbh=36293Holotype: Valvata magniumbilicata Youluo, 1978 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata alpestris var. major\u201d in \u201cLocality: Lac de Joux, Kanton Waadt, Switzerland.Valvata major Gredl.\u201d http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/V/Valvata_major/ .\u201cPageBreakValvata piscinalis var. minor in major. major\u201d for each of several Valvata species without any diagnosis except the size.There is a Amplovalvata manasensis Zhu, 1994+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Jurassic.Type locality: Ziniquanzi, Janggar Basin, Northern Xinjang, China.Borysthenia mankeanaformis Gozhik, 2007+ Borysthenia mankeana [sic]\u201d ).Original source: Gozhik 2007: 75, pl. 65: fig. 1. Expressivly meant as \u201csimilar to Type horizon: Pleistocene (Alluvium VIII. Terrace).Type locality: river Dnjestr near village Velikaya Kosnitza, Ukraine.Amplovalvata mansueta Pan, 1982+ Original source: Pan 1982: ??, figs 3\u20134 .Type horizon: Jurassic.Type locality: Artesian springs, Sichuan Jiangyou County Kang, Sichuan Basin, China.http://159.226.74.248:8000/viewSpeciDetailsNormal.jsp?bbbh=53438Holotype: Valvata marginata Michaud, 1855+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Pliocene, Zanclean (\u00abPlaisancien\u00bb).Type locality: Hauterive, D\u00e9partement de Dr\u00f4me, France.Pachystoma Sandberger, 1875 and of Oncostoma Brusina, 1894 (see there).Remarks: Type species of Valvata mariae\u201c mentioned in \u201cLocality: Pliocene - Pleistocene, Ptolemaida, West-Macedonia, Greece.Remarks: This PhD\u2013Thesis, in which 35 species are ostendibley described, does not meet the conditions of ICZN Art. 8.1.3 and 9.9. Accordingly, this name is not available.Valvata margine columellari\u201d (GNI)\u201cProbably misinterpreted from a Latin description, not a binominal name.Valvata marmorata\u201d, \u201cValvata marmorea\u201d, \u201cValvata marmoreus\u201d \u201cCochlea mormorea Swammerdam, 1737 , according to Nerita fluviatilis , Neritidae). Note that Nerita piscinalis M\u00fcller, 1774 is currently Valvata piscinalis.Probably all errors for Valvata maroccana Pallary, 1904PageBreakOriginal source: Type locality: Morocco, north\u2013west Africa.Valvata, but I could not find any subsequent determination of current systematic position of this species.Remarks: According to the figures with certainty not a Valvata lewisi mccolli LaRocque, 1932+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene - marl of Upper Wisconsin age.Type locality: Shallow Lake, Ontoario, USA.Valvata media\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata tricarinata mediocarinata Baker, 1928Original source: Baker 1928: 17, pl. 1: fig. 7.Type locality: Lower Asylum Bay, Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin, USA.Valvata menkeana Jelski, 1863Original source: Type locality: \u201cProfonds du Dnieper\u201d, Ukraina.Lectotype figured in Borysthenia. Radula and parts of genital system are figured by Remarks: Currently e.g. : 74 consValvata meretricis Locard, 1889Original source: Type localities: (1) Marais du Boucau near Bayonne, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, (2) \u201clac de la N\u00e9gresse\u201d near Bayonne, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, (3) \u201cMoulins\u201d, Allier, France.Valvata meridionalis Locard, 1889Original source: Type locality: Viareggio, Toscana, Italy.Valvata mergella Westerlund, 1883Original source: Type locality: Port Clarence, Alaska, U.S.A.PageBreakSyntypes (16 specimens) located in Swedish Museum of Natural History (AN 1640), figured by Remarks: Vernacular name \u201crams\u2013horn valvata\u201d. This taxon is also listed by Kantor et al. (2010) for Russia, but it is uncertain, whether the American and the Russian specimens are conspecific.Valvata menyinensis Yen, 1969+ Original source: Type horizon: \u201cHigher than Men-Ying of Lower Cretaceous\u201d, Kuan-Chuang-Series.Type locality: Meng-Yin\u2013valley (Kuan-Chuang), Shantung, North China.Valvata michaudi Deshayes, 1862+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Eocene.Type locality: Caumont, Mareul\u2013en-Dole, Basin de Paris, France.Valvata michleri Ku\u0161\u010der, 1932Original source: Type locality: Ljubljanica spring, Mocilnik, Slovenia.Valvata minuta Draparnaud, 1807 ; according to Hauffenia tellini Pollonera, 1898 (Hydrobiidae), whereas Remarks: According to Valvata micra Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906Original source: Type locality: Guadeloup River, Texas, USA.Syntypes at Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia #91322. Syntypes from locality 6 are figured by Horatia). Later on, Valvata micra was designated as type species of Phreatodrobia Hershler & Longley, 1986 (Hydrobiidae) by original designation, see also Remarks: Valvata micrometrica Locard, 1889Original source: Type Locality: \u00abFontaine du Camarde, pr\u00e8s de Valence dans Gers\u00bb, France.Valvata micrometrica in Horatia (Hydrobiidae). Remarks: Valvata microscopica Nevill, 1877Original source: Type locality: brackish\u2013water pond near Port Canning, India.PageBreakClenchiella microscopica  (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: According to Valvata (Tropidina) microstoma\u201d mentioned in Kol\u00e1\u0159ova et al. (2010)\u201cValvata macrostoma M\u00f6rch, 1864.Misspelling of Cincinna  sibirica middendorffi Starobogatov & Zatravkin, 1985Original source: Type locality: Amur river, Siberia, Russia.Holotype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.Valvata miliaria Ziegler\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata impura) for Amnicola miliaria Parreys, today Pseudoamnicola miliaria  (Amnicolidae).One of the many label names of Ziegler and Parreys + Original source: Type horizon: Tertiary.Type locality: Little Tisti, Karwad, But\u00e1r\u00e1, East India.Valvata minima Fuchs, 1877 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Pliocene.Type locality: Megara, Greece.Valvata minima Hislop, 1859. Valvata serbica Brusina, 1902 as a junior synonym, which may be the next available name for Valvata minima Fuchs, 1877.Remarks: This species is a junior homonym of Valvata alpestris var. minor\u201c mentioned in \u201cLocality: Postglacial; Vall\u00e9e de Joux, Kanton Waadt, Switzerland.Valvata piscinalis var. minor De Stefani, 1877+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene.Type locality: Spoleto (Pananelli), Umbria, Italy.Valvata baicalensis forma minor Lindholm, 1909Original source: Type locality: Lake Baikal, Russia.Types unknown.Valvata minuscula Yen & Reeside, 1946+ PageBreakOriginal source: Type horizon: Jurassic, Morrison Formation.Type locality: Sublette County, Wyoming, USA.Holotype: U.S. National Museum #103.799.Valvata minuta Draparnaud, 1805  minuta Y\u00fc, 1987)Original source: Type material: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien #1820/XXVI/21 7.33; cf. Type locality: Source de l\u2019Ain, France cf. : 195.Hydrobiidae .Remarks: Detailed comment by Valvata (Atropidina) minuta Y\u00fc, 1987 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Cretaceous.Type locality: Western Liaoning Province, China.Costovalvata minuta Youluo, 1978 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata minutissima Wattebled, 1884Original source: Type locality: \u201cL\u2019arroyo de Long-Xuyen\u201d, Mekong Delta, Vietnam.Valvata mischleri Ku\u0161\u010der, 1933\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata michleri Ku\u0161\u010der, 1932.Misspelling of Valvata moesiensis Jekelius, 1944+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene, Sarmatian.Type locality: Soceni (Banat), Romania.Cornirostridae  because of the slightly hyperstrophic protoconch.Remarks: According to Amnicola moguntina Boettger, 1884+ PageBreakValvata by Valvata moguntina  by Original source: Type horizon: Lower Miocene, Burgidalian.Type locality: Niederrad (part of Frankfurt/Main), Hessen, Germany.Valvata (Cincinna) molnarae So\u00f3s, 1955+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene \u2013 Lower Pliocene.Type locality: Kocs (Szendi-Street), Hungary.Valvata monachorum Bukowski, 1895+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene.Type locality: marl and/or chalk near Monastery Skhiadi, Rhodus Island, Greece.Remarks: Lectotype figured by Valvata mongazoniana Servain\u201d (nomen nudum)\u201cRemarks: Mentioned in Valvata montanaensis Meek, 1876+ Original source: Meek 1876: 591, textfigs 81\u201383.Type horizon: Latest Cretaceous.Type locality: mouth of Judith River on Upper Missouri, Montana, USA.Valvata montenegrina Gl\u00f6er & Pesic, 2008Original source: Types: Holotype and 3 paratpyes in the Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Berlin (#37584), paratypes also in private collection of P. Gl\u00f6er.Valvata monterosati Westerlund, 1883Original source: Type locality: Sicily, Italy.Valvata moquini\u201d mentioned in \u201cValvata moquiniana Dupuy, 1851 (no reasoning for a replacement name).Misspelling of Valvata moquiniana Dupuy, 1851PageBreakwas also at least in parts by Dupuy. In footnote 2 Dupuy stated that Reyni\u00e9s had provided a description, so maybe the Latin and French description could have been based on Reynies\u2019s notes. However in the past paragraph Dupuy compared the species with others, this was also part of the description and clearly written by Dupuy. Since Reyni\u00e9s was not \u201calone\u201d responsible for both, the name and the description, the authorship for the new name must be attributed to Dupuy alone under ICZN Art. 50.1.1.Original source: Type locality: \u201cles alluvions du Lot, pr\u00e8s de Mende, D\u00e9partement de Loz\u00e8re, France.Valvata moquiniana Reyn., abgebildet bei Moq. Tandon t. 41 f. 29\u201331, ist nach Fagot et de Malafosse  eine sehr verd\u00e4chtige Art, nach einem Exemplar beschrieben - und seitdem nicht wieder gefunden worden\u201d .Remarks: (1) Valvata globulina F\u00e9russac, 1807 (but see there) and stated that syntypes are not available and that a re\u2013description of Valvata moquiana and the designation of a neotype is necessary to clear up this often cited stygobiont taxon.(2) Globuliana Paladilhe, 1866 (Hydrobiidae)by subsequent designation under ICZN Art. 70.3. by (3) Type species of Amplovalvata morrisonensis\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata mucronata Menke, 1830Original source: Type locality: Island of Madeira, Portugal.www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/speciestaxon?id=15908Remarks: Erroneously attributed to \u201cMenke, 1845\u201d at animal base Valvata muelleri Leach, 1852m\u00fclleri; cf. ICZN Art. 32.5.2.1).Original source: Type localities: \u201ccommon in ponds around London and Bristol\u2026 some of the pond near Edinbough\u201d and many others throughout Europe based on the synonymy list. Specification requires type selection.Bithynia tentaculata  (Bithyniidae).Remarks: According to the original description \u201cdiameter 3/16 of an inch [= 4.7 mm]; animal black, tentacles, lateral appendages and lobes of the foot pale bluish\u2013black, terminating with hyaline, eyes very black\u201d, probably Valvata multicarinata Hislop, 1859 + Original source: PageBreakType horizon: Tertiary.Type locality: Little Tisti, Karwad, But\u00e1r\u00e1, East India.Remarks: The valvatid nature of this taxon was doubted by Valvata multicarinata Yen, 1946 + Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene.Type locality: Honey Lake, Lassen County, California, USA.Valvata multicarinata Hislop, 1859, thus replaced by Valvata idahoensis Taylor, 1981 (see there).Remarks: A junior homonym of Liratina multicarinata Y\u00fc, 1974+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Jurassic.Type locality: Jiangyou, Sichuan Province, southwest China.Paludina multiformis Zieten, 1830+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene.Type locality: Steinheim Basin; Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany.Valvata multiformis according to Gyraulus trochiformis  (Planorbidae). This is the famous species, on which Remarks: (1) + Helix draparnaldi  and Helix barbata . It is recommended that this gap should be closed in the next edition of the Code, preferably in a sense that ICZN Art. 74.2.1 will be amended to rule that such names should be based on all types of the included subordinate variants.(2) Nomenclatural situation unclear: The name was made available , but not based on types (Art 72.4.1), so without identity. Same situation as in Helix nana Megerle von M\u00fchlfeld, 1824 Valvata geh\u00f6rige Schnecke\u201d [likewise a snail belong to the genus Valvata], meant in the sense of a subgenus of Helix.Original source: Type locality: not provided.Helix tricarinata Megerle von M\u00fchlfeld, 1824 (see there) and probably a synonym to Valvata cristata.Remarks: According to figures identical to PageBreakValvata nana Meek, 1873 + Original source: Type horizon: Cretaceous.Type locality: Carleton\u2019s coal mine, Coalville, Utah, USA.Valvata nana Westerlund, 1886  (under subgenus Tropidina)Original source: Type locality: Zealand, Denmark.Syntype (1 specimen) in Naturalhistoriska Museet G\u00f6teborg, Sweden (AN 4679), and (1 specimen) in Swedish Museum of Natural History (AN 14: 96) figured by Valvata nana Meek, 1873.Remarks: A junior homonym of Valvata nana Li, 1984 + Original source: Type locality: Lower Tertiary; Lingboa Basin of Henan Province, China.Valvata nana Meek, 1873.Remarks: A junior homonym of Valvata naticina Menke, 1845Original source: Type locality: \u201cHungaria, ad Pestinum\u201d [Danube at Budapest], Hungary.Types: Menke\u2019s collection was dispersed after his death .Borysthenia naticina . For anatomy, histology, and reproduction biology see Remarks: Currently considered as Protovalvata naticiformis Pan\u0103, 2000+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Creatceous, Barremian and Berriasian.Type locality: Ostrov \u2013 the southern border of Bugeac Lake, Romania.Valvata neglecta Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: R\u0103dm\u0103ne\u0219ti, Romania.Valvata nevadensis Taylor, 1981+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene.Type locality: Honey Lake, Lassen County, California, USA.Valvata vanciana var. neyronensis Locard, 1883+ PageBreakOriginal source: Type horizon: Middle Pliocene, Plaisancien.Type locality: Bas Neyron, D\u00e9partement de Ain, France.Valvata nilotica Jickeli, 1874Original source: Type locality: Mahmudi Canal, Nile river near Alexandria, Egypt.Valvata nitens Westerlund, 1877\u201d \u201cHelix nitens Michaud, 1831 in Aegopinella nitens  (Zonitidae).Possibly confused with Valvata nitida\u201d (GNI)\u201cPlanorbis nitida M\u00fcller, 1774, currently considered as Segmentina nitida  (Planorbidae).Probably an erroneous combination of Valvata bicarinata normalis Walker, 1902Original source: Type locality: Muscatine, Iowa and Utica, Illinois, USA.Remarks: Radula shown in Baker (1928: 20).Valvata nowshahrensis Gl\u00f6er & Pe\u0161ic, 2012Original source: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:944E6EE3-B23C-43FB-A305-882A4D4CF3D9http://species\u2013id.net/wiki/Valvata_nowshahrensis51\u00b031'E, 36\u00b038'N, 18 June 2005; Iran.Type locality: Mazandaran Province, Nowshahr City, pond near the Caspian Sea, Holotype Zoological Museum Hamburg #79376.Valvata (Liratina) piligera var. nudicarinata Lindholm, 1924Original source: Type locality: Lake Baikal, Russia.Lectotype designated by Valvata micra var. nugax Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906Original source: Type locality: Guadeloup River, Texas, USA.Phreatodrobia Hershler & Longley, 1986 (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: On basis of anatomy Valvata sincera var. nylanderi Dall, 1905Original source: PageBreakType locality: Aroostook Co., Maine, USA.Holotype: U.S. National Museum #150617.Remarks: Radula shown by Amplovalvata obliqua Pan, 1982 .Original source: Studer 1789: 391 ). Studer\u2019s (1789) name Nerita obtusa was made available under ICZN Art. 12.2.1. The types could be those of Remarks: Studer 1789: 391 established the new name and provided a bibliographical reference to Valvata (Cincinna) obtusaeformis L\u00f6renthey, 1906+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian.Type locality: \u00d6cs, north of Lake Balaton, Hungary.Cyclostoma obtusum Draparnaud, 1801Valvata obtusa by Original source: Type locality: \u201cFrance septemtrionale\u201d.Types possibly in Naturhistorisches Museum Vienna : 69.Nerita piscinalis as a senior synonym of Cyclostoma obtusum, among other synonyms.Remarks: Valvata (Atropidina) ochridana Poli\u0144ski, 1929Original source: Chara zone in the Ohrid gulf\u201d, Macedonia.Type locality: According to Pseudohoratia Radoman, 1967 (Hydrobiidae), see Remarks: Type species of Valvata octonaria Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Lyrecaea (Melanopsis).Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian, horizon of Type locality: Lake Balaton, Tihany, Hungary.PageBreakValvata  simplex oecsensis So\u00f3s, 1934+ Valvata \u00f6censis)Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Upper Pannonian.Type locality: \u00d6cs, north of Lake Balaton, Remarks: SEM of shell and  protoconch were depicted by Valvata ogerieni Locard, 1883+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Pliocene.Type locality: Le Villard, Domsure, D\u00e9partement de l\u2019Ain, France.Valvata ogerieni Loc.\u201d in Remarks: Cited as \u201cValvata olgae\u201c mentioned in \u201cHorizon: Pliocene-Pleistocene.Locality: Ptolemaida, West Macedonia, Greece.Remarks: This PhD\u2013Thesis PhD\u2013Thesis, in which 35 species are ostendibley described, does not meet the conditions of ICZN Art. 8.1.3 and 9.9. Accordingly, this name is not available.Valvata  olkhonica Bekman & Starobogatov, 1975Original source: Type locality: Kharin-Irgi Bay (Oikhon Gates) , depth 32\u201339 m, Russia.Holotype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue.Valvata lewisi var. ontariensis Baker, 1931Original source: Type locality: Shakespeare Island Lake, Ontario, Canada.Types: Museum of Natural History University of Illinois #Z31241; Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia #153471.Valvata lewisi Currier, 1868.Remarks: According to Valvata sincera ontariensis Baker, 1931\u201d (WMSDB).\u201cValvata lewisi var. ontariensis Baker, 1931Erroneous spelling of Valvata opaca\u201d www.naturamediterraneo.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=40300 at the \u201cCheck\u2013list Pen. Iberica con sinonimie\u201d\u201cPaludinella opaca M. von Gallenstein, 1848, currently regarded as a Bythinella (Hydrobiidae).Probably confused with PageBreakValvata oregonensis Hanna, 1922+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene.Type locality: Pliocene; Warner Lake Beds, Oregon, USA.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valvata_oregonensisHolotype figured at Valvata whitei Hannibal, 1910, whereas Remarks: Valvata orientalis Fischer, 1866+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene.Type locality: Sarayk\u00f6y (= Sara\u00efko\u00ef) near Denizli , western Asian, Turkey.Valvata ottiliae Penecke, 1886+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene - Pleistocene.Type locality: Dacian-Romanian; Repu\u0161nica, southeast of Zagreb, Croatia.Valvata balteata Brusina, 1897.Remarks: Valvata ouscubakus Nykk., 1895\u201d.\u201cValvata piscinalis M\u00fcll. 1774\u201d attributed at http://content.lib.washington.edu/ to fig. 66 for Error probably caused by text recognition software pro \u201cValvata  pagana Buli\u0107 & Juri\u0161i\u0107, 2009+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Miocene.Type locality: Crnika, Island of Pag, Croatia.Valvata palmoti\u0107i Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene \u2013 Pleistocene, Dacian-Romanian.Lepavina, Croatia.Type locality: Mali Poganac near Valvata piscinalis var. paludinaeformis\u201c mentioned in \u201cHorizon: Tertiary.Locality: Mainzer Becken; Germany.Valvata palustris\u201d (GNI)\u201cLymnaea palustris M\u00fcller, 1774, currently considered as Stagnicola palustris  (Lymnaeidae).Possibly an erroneous combination for PageBreakValvata (Cincinna) pamirensis Starobogatov, 1972Original source: Type locality: Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Shaimak, 7 km from Kyzyl-Ravat, warm spring on right bank of the Aksu River, Tajik SSR.Holotype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.Remarks: Genital details are shown by Valvata panagile\u201d mentioned in \u201cLocality: Pliocene \u2013 Pleistocene; Ptolemaida, West-Macedonia, Greece.Remarks: This PhD\u2013Thesis PhD\u2013Thesis, in which 35 species are ostendibley described, does not meet the conditions of ICZN Art. 8.1.3 and 9.9. Accordingly, this name is not available.Valvata panormitana Locard, 1889Original source: Type locality: near Palermo, Sicily, Italy.Valvata parva Locard, 1889Original source: Type locality: on la trouve \u00e0 Viareggio, Italy.Valvata parviumbilicata Wang, 1977 + Original source: Type horizon: Tertiary.Type locality: \u201c3 miles below Fort Union\u201d  on the Missouri River at the North Dakota/Montana border, USA.Valvata subparvula Cossmann, 1921. Valvata parvula as listed by Valvata parvula Deshayes, 1862 \u2013 which is not the case, however. Valvata parvula Meek & Hayden, 1856 still is a valid name.Remarks: Seemingly replaced by + Valvata parvula Deshayes, 1862 + Original source: PageBreakType horizon: Upper Pliocene.Type locality: Jonchery, Gueux, Rilly, Basin de Paris, France.Valvata (Cincinna) joncheryensis Wenz, 1930: 65 (see there).Remarks: Replaced by + Valvata  lauta var. parvula Kozhov, 1936 .Original source: Type locality: Davsha Inlet, 9 fathoms , Russia.Lectotype designated by Valvata humeralis var. patzcuarensis Pilsbry, 1899Original source: Type locality: Lago de Patzcuaro, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico.Valvata humeralis Say, 1829. Valvata humeralis pilsbryi Martens, 1899 (published Sept. 1899).Remarks: Probably a lake variety of Valvata humeralis var. patzcuaroensis Pilsbry, 1899\u201d\u201cValvata humeralis var. patzcuarensis Pilsbry, 1899 at page 195 at www.flmnh.ufl.edu/malacology/mexico-central_america_snail_checklist/part1.htmMisspelling of Valvata paula Pierce, 1993+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Oligocene \u2013 Lower Cabbage.Type locality: Powel County, Montana, USA.http://invertebratepaleontology.biodiversity.ku.edu/galleries/kumip-holotypes-pierce-1993#photo-1 (first photo)Holotype at Valvata (Cincinna) paviai Schlickum & Strauch, 1979+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene, brown coal area.Type locality: Bergheim (abandoned opencast mine Fortuna-Garsdorf), Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.PageBreakValvata pedderi Smith, 1973Original source: Type locality: Lake Edgar (part of Lake Pedder), Tasmania.Holotype: Tasmanian Museum #E8543.Striadorbis Ponder & Avern, 2000 (Euthyneura - Glacidorbidae), see Type species of Valvata peneckei Brusina, 1892+ Original source: Paludina\u2013layers; Repusnica, Slavonia.Type locality: Pliocene, Valvata bifrons Neumayr, 1875 sensu Remarks: Replacement name for Cincinna penglaizhenensis Pan, 1982+ Original source: Pan 1982: ??, figs 22\u201323 .Type horizon: Jurassic, Penglaizhen.Type locality: Penglai town, Sichuan Basin, China.http://159.226.74.248:8000/viewSpeciDetailsNormal.jsp?bbbh=53435Holotype: Valvata penthica\u201d \u201cViviparus fasciatus var. penthica Servain, 1884.Probably an erroneous combination for Valvata tricarinata perconfusa Walker, 1917Original source: Valvata confusa Walker, 1902 , from North America, not Valvata confusa Westerlund, 1897, from Siberia.Remarks: Replacement name for the preoccupied Valvata tricarinata perconfuxa Walker\u201d (google)\u201cValvata tricarinata perconfusa Walker, 1917.Misspelling of Valvata bicarinata perdepressa Walker, 1906Original source: Type locality: South shore (at Michigan City) of Lake Michigan, Indiana, USA.Remarks: Vernacular name: purplecap valvata.Liratina peronata Pan, 1980 Remarks: clearly refers to PageBreakValvata persimilis\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata petiti Crosse, 1872Original source: Crosse 1872: 157, 353\u2013354, pl. 16, fig. 7.Type locality: Lac de la Grande, Vall\u00e9e de Kaoris, New Caledonia.Heterocyclus perroquini Crosse, 1872: 156 (Hydrobiidae)Remarks: According to Valvata petrettinii Innes, 1884Original source: Type localities: \u201c\u2026dans les canaux d\u2019Alexandrie et de Rosette, \u2026\u2026 dans les sables de Mandarah, entre Ramleh et la cap Aboukir\u201d, all Egypt.Valvata (Cincinna) petronijevici Miloshevich, 1973+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene, Kosovo Series (topmost horizon).Type locality: Pe\u0107ka Bistrica stream outlet, Drsnik region, Metohija Basin, Kosovo.Valvata pharaonum Innes, 1884Original source: Type localities: \u201cBords du lac Moeris, au Fayoun\u201d, Egypt.Valvata phialensis\u201c mentioned in \u201cBithynia phialensis  and Valvata piscinalis .Probably an erroneous combination of Valvata (Aegaea) philippsoni Oppenheim, 1891+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene, Chaudian cf. .Type locality: Arkitsa near Livanates, Greece.Valvata alpestris var. piattii Adami, 1881+ Original source: Type horizon: Post-Pliocene.Type locality: Torbiera di Polada, Northern Italy.Valvata piacinalia\u201d \u201cValvata piscinalis .Error caused by text recognition software pro Valvata (Atropidina) pileiformis Youluo, 1978 + Original source: PageBreakType horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata (Liratina) baicalensis var. piligera Lindholm, 1909Original source: Type locality: Lake Baikal, around Island Olchon, Russia.Lectotype designated by Megalovalvata piligera piligera . Spawn depicted at: http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~rpeter/deutsch/repro/ei_valva.htmlRemarks: Valvata humeralis var. pilsbryi Martens, 1899Original source: Type locality: Lago de Patzcuaro, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico.Nerita piscinalis M\u00fcller, 1774Original source: Type locality: \u201cIn piscina horti Fridrichsdalenjis frequens, nec unquam alibi reperi\u201d [frequent in fish ponds of Fridrichsdal], i.e. probably near Copenhagen, Denmark.Types possibly in Zoological Museum Copenhagen : 70.Remarks: (1) Anatomy studied by (2) Ontogeny studied by (3) SEM photos of shell and radula provided by http://www.allesumdieschneck.de/html/valvata_piscinalis_piscinalis.html(4) Live photos at: Valvata piscinaloides Michaud, 1855+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Pliocene, Zanclean.Type locality: Hauterive, D\u00e9partement de Dr\u00f4me, France.Valvata piscinnalis M\u00fcll.\u201d mentioned in \u201cValvata piscinalis .Misspelling of Valvata pisidica Oppenheim, 1918+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Pliocene \u2013 Lower Pleistocene.Type locality: Eflatun P\u0131nar (= Efflatum-Bunar) at Beysehir G\u00f6l\u00fc, West-Turkey.Protovalvata plana Pan\u0103, 2000+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Cretaceous, Barremian.PageBreakType locality: Ostrov \u2013 the southern border of Bugeac Lake (Lake G\u00e2rlita), Northern Dobruja, Romania.Valvata planconcava Pavlovi\u0107, 1928+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Serbian).Type locality: Karaga\u010da stream (Vr\u010din SSE Belgrade), Serbia.Valvata plaiti\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata alpestris var. piattii Adami, 1881.Error caused by text recognition software pro + Valvata planibasis Cossmann, 1899+ Original source: Type horizon: Eocene.Type locality: Bois-Gou\u00ebt, Lower Loire, Bretagne, France.Valvata planorbis Draparnaud, 1801Original source: Type locality: France.Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774.Remarks: Generally e.g.  regardedValvata planorbulina Paladilhe, 1867Original source: Type locality: \u00abdans des alluvions du Lez\u00bb, France.Types not traced.Valvata planulata Innes, 1884Original source: Type locality: \u201cBords du lac Moeris\u201d, Egypt.o. 197, 1878\u201d.Remarks: However, as outlined by Valvata virens platyceps Pilsbry, 1935+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene.Type locality: Kettleman Hills, California, USA.Valvata saulcyi pliocaenica Sch\u00fctt, 1988+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Pleistocene (?).PageBreakType locality: left border of Orontes river , 12 km south of \u011eisr a\u0161-\u0160ugur, Syria.Cincinna (Cincinna) piscinalis pliocaenicus [sic] Gozhik, 2007 + Original source: Gozhik 2007: 78, pl. 68: figs 1\u20134.Type horizon: Pliocene (Alluvium XI. terrace).Type locality: river Pruth near Kuzhbovka; Moldavia.Cincinna (Cincinna) pliocalnicus\u201c mentioned in Gozhik (2007: 122).\u201cCincinna (Cincinna) piscinalis pliocaenicus Gozhik, 2007.Misspelling of + Valvata (Ochridotropina) [sic] polinskii\u201d in \u201cValvata (Ohridotropina) relicta Poli\u0144ski, 1929.As outlined by Valvata politioanei Jekelius, 1944+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene, Sarmatian.Type locality: Soceni (Banat), Romania.Valvata simplex var. polycincta L\u00f6renthey, 1906+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Upper Pannonian.Type locality: Tihany, Lake Balaton, Hungary.Valvata polystriata Pavlovi\u0107, 1928+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Serbian).Type locality: Karaga\u010da stream (Vr\u010din SSE Belgrade), Serbia.Valvata pornae Locard, 1889Original source: Type localities: (1) Toscana; (2) near St. Germano, Campania, both Italy.Cincinna (Atropidina) cobalcescui porrecta Gozhik, 2007+ Original source: Gozhik 2007: 80, pl. 72: figs 1\u20132.Type horizon: Upper Miocene \u2013 Lower Maeotian.Type locality: Lower Dnepr, Ukraine.Valvata praecursor Tate, 1873+ Original source: Type horizon: Jurassic, Infra-Oxfordian.PageBreakType locality: Prince Charles Cave, Portree, Skye Island, Scotland, U.K.Planorbis praecursoris White, 1895+ Valvata praecursoris (White) cited and figured in Original source: Type horizon: Cretaceous.Type locality: 20 miles north of Cokeville, Wyoming, USA.Cincinna (Cincinna) praepiscinalis Gozhik, 2007+ Valvata ex gr. piscinalis\u201d in Original source: Gozhik 2007: 75. Was before listed and figured as \u201cType horizon: Middle or Upper Miocene \u2013 Sarmatian.Type locality: Mykhailivka (= Michailovka), Ukraine.Valvata lewisii precursor Baker, 1928+ Original source: Baker 1928: 136\u2013137.Type horizon: Pleistocene, Lower Wisconsin.Type locality: Fulton County, east of Havana, Illinois, USA.Valvata priscinalis Wood 1848\u201d (EOL: Location Great Britain).\u201cValvata piscinalis .Misspelling of Valvata (Cincinna) proavia Huckriede, 1967+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Jurassic, Middle Kimmeridge.Type locality: Kahlberg in the Harz, Germany.Gyraulus procerus Russell, 1952+ Valvata procera  in Gyraulus procerus Russell is apparently a Valvata,..\u201d ) and in Original source: Type horizon: Upper Eocene / Lower Oligocene, Kishenehn formation : 69.Type locality: valley of North Fork of the Flathead River in southeastern British Columbia, Canada.Valvata profunda Clessin, 1887Original source: Type locality: Lake Garda, Trentino, Italy.Valvata  profundicola Bekman & Starobogatov, 1975Original source: PageBreakType locality: near Bolsodej Cape [Baikal Lake], depth 300 m, Russia.Holotype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.Remarks: Genital details are depicted by Valvata  protopiligera Martinson, 1961+ Original source: Type horizon: ??Type locality: Tarbagatay, Zabaykalsky Krai , Eastern Sibiria, Russia.Valvata proxima (Fuchs)\u201c mentioned in \u201c?Bithynia proxima Fuchs .Confusion with ?Cincinna (Cincinna) prutulense [sic] Gozhik, 2007 + Original source: Gozhik 2007: 77, pl. 73: figs 1\u20134.Type horizon: Pliocene (Alluvium).Kotlovina (Bolboaka), district of Odessa, Ukraine.Type locality: river Yalpug near the village Valvata pseudoadeorbis Sinzov, 1880+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Sarmatian.Type locality: Simbirsk and Saratov governments, Russia.Valvata pseudoadeorbis Sinzov, 1880 from the Eastern Paratethys  has been recently considered to be a hydrobiid by Remarks: (1) + Valvata (Aphanotylus) pseudo-adeorbis Sinz. (?)\u201d used in Valvata  exotica Papp, 1954 (see there) and shows the typical valvatid protoconch .(2) \u201cValvata (?Aphanotylus) pseudoadeorboides Sinzow\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata pseudoadeorbis Sinzow, 1880, but cited to \u201cSinzow, 1883: pages, 78 and 93\u201d.Consistent misspelling of Valvata pseudoalpestris Brusina, 1902+ Original source: PageBreakType horizon: Pliocene \u2013 Pleistocene, Dacian-Romanian.Type locality: Re\u0161etari, Slavonia, Croatia.Valvata (Cincinna) piscinalis var. pseudoantiqua Settepassi, 1965 , Southern Latium, Romania.Valvata pulchella Studer, 1789  and Rivi\u00e8re des Gobelins, Paris, France . Valvata pulchella in Remarks: er. 4\u201d = : 115 thaValvata pupoidea Gould, 1841Original source: Type locality: Fresh Pond, Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, U.S.A.Lyogyrus Gill, 1863 (Hydrobiidae or Amnicolidae), cf. Remarks: Type species of Nerita pusilla M\u00fcller, 1774Original source: Type locality: \u201cin lacu Ruppinensi\u201d, Ruppiner See, Brandenburg, Germany.Types unknown, possibly in Zoological Museum Copenhagen : 73.Valvata by Remarks: Considered a Valvata pusilla Piersanti, 1951 Original source: Type locality: Frasassi cave system near San Vittore, Genga Ancona, Italy.Islamia pusilla  (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: According to Valvata pusilla Martinson, 1961 + Original source: PageBreakType horizon: ??Type locality: Nemegt uul, Mongolia.Valvata pygmaea C.B. Adams, 1849 Original source: Type locality: Island Jamaica.Remarks: The types of the Museum of Camparative Zoology (Harvard) were studied and a lectotype was designated and figured by Valvata pygmaea Noulet, 1854 + Original source: Noulet 1854: 55\u201356.Type horizon: Middle Eocene.Type locality: Molasse de Castellnaudary; D\u00e9partement de Tarn, France.Valvata pygmaea Adams, 1849.Remarks: An objective junior homonym of Valvata pygmaea Moore, 1867 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Jurassic.Type locality: Charterhouse Mine, South Wales, U.K.Valvata pygmaea Adams, 1849.Remarks: An objective junior homonym of Liratina qikouensis Youluo, 1978 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata raboi Anon 1889\u201d (GNI)\u201cValvata raboti Westerlund, 1889.Misspelling of Valvata piscinalis raboti Westerlund, 1889Original source: Type locality: Norvegia in Finmarkia orientali ad Klostervand (Flumen Pasvig.), Finland.Valvata radiatula Sandberger, 1875+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene, Tortonian.Type locality: Schwenditobel near Pfrungen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany.Valvata radovanovi\u0107i Pavlovi\u0107, 1931+ Original source: Congeria\u2013layers\u201d).Type horizon: Upper Miocene- Pliocene  ranjinai Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Pliocene\u2013Lower Pleistocene, Romanian.Type locality: Kindrovo, Slavonia, Croatia.Valvata regalis Locard, 1889Original source: Type localities: (1) K\u00f6nigsee in Bavaria, Germany, (1) Lake Tristach near Lienz, East-Tyrol, Austria.Valvata (Cincinna) rehetaiensis Youluo, 1978 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Gyraulus (Carinogyraulus) relictus Poli\u0144ski, 1929Original source: Type locality: Lake Ohrid, Albania/Macedonia.Remarks: German translation of Valvata revoili Bourguignat, 1889Original source: Type locality: Market of Moguedoushou (Mogadishu), Somalia.terrestrial species , Macedonia.Remarks: Valvatid nature has been shown by anatomy : 111ff aValvata ringentis+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.PageBreakAphanotylus ristici Pavlovi\u0107, 1931+ Valvata (Aphanotylus) risti\u0107i  cited and figured in Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene\u2212Pleistocene, Metohija Series (Levantin de Topeli\u0107).Type locality: Topli\u010dane, Metohija basin, Kosovo.Valvata robusta Martinson, 1982+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Cretaceous.Type locality: exact location ??, Mongolia.Vallonia rosalia Risso, 1826Original source: Type locality: Alpes maritimes.Valvata piscinalis . However, K\u00fcster cited Helix pulchella M\u00fcller, 1774, currently Vallonia pulchella , was figured. Accordingly, Vallonia rosalia Risso, 1826 remains as the type species of Vallonia Risso, 1826, type genus of Valloniidae.Remarks: According to Valvata rothi Innes, 1884Original source: Type localities: \u201cBords du lac Mariout, entre Ramleh et Alexandrie\u201d, Egypt.Valvata rothleitneri Bittner, 1884+ Original source: Type horizon: Oligocene, Chattian.Type locality: Trifail-Sagor (=Trbovlje-Zagorje), Slovenia.Valvata rugaoensis Wang, 1977 .Remarks: According to PageBreakValvata var. sabnaticina Piaget, 1913\u201d \u201cValvata piscinalis var. subnaticina Piaget, 1913.Misspelling of Valvata pulchella saghalinensis Miyadi, 1935Original source: Type locality: \u201calong the shore of a lakelet Tyatya\u2013numa on the western coast of South Sakhalin\u201d, Japan.Holotype: According to Valvata  salebrosa Meijer, 1990+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Pleistocene.Type locality: Pit Maalbeek, Belfeld, province of Limburg, The Netherlands.Valvata salina Leonard, 1972+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene.Type locality: Saline river banks near Equality, Galatin County, Southern Illinois, USA.Valvata  sarmatica Papp, 1954+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene, Sarmatian.Type locality: Wiesen, Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin, Burgenland, Austria.Valvata satira Fritzsche, 1924+ Original source: Type horizon: Cretaceous.Type locality: limestone of Yavi, North of province of Jujuy, Argentina.Remarks: With a size of 12 mm and an oblique aperture this species is unlikely to be a valvatid.Valvata saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853Original source: Type locality: near Damascus, Syria.Valvata saulcyi reported from Sicily , who mentioned Valvata sayni without description or figure as a nomen nudum Amplovalvata scabrida in Original source: Type locality: Jurassic beds near the sout\u2013west base of Black Hills, USA.Holotype: U.S. National Museum #316 see : 39.Valvata (Cincinna) piscinalis var. scharffi Westerlund, 1894Original source: Type locality: Dublin, Ireland.Valvata  schlosseri Royo G\u00f3mez, 1922 + Original source: Type horizon: Miocene.Type locality: surroundings of Teruel, Spain.Valvata cf. vallestris Fontannes by hydrobiid, Islamia schlosseri or Neohoratia schlosseri, cf. Remarks: Considered synonymous to = Valvata schmidtii Menke, 1849Original source: Type locality: near T\u00f6plitz (Toplice), Unterkrain (Dolenjska), Slovenia.Sadleriana schmidtii  (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: Valvata schweinfurthi Innes, 1884Original source: Type locality: \u201cBords du lac Moeris\u201d, Egypt.Valvata nilotica var. scioana Pollonera, 1888Original source: Type locality: Cimbisi district near Debra, Erhan, Ethiopia.Valvata semigradata Pavlovi\u0107, 1928+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Serbian).Type locality: Karaga\u010da stream (Vr\u010din SSE Belgrade), Serbia.PageBreakValvata sequanica Locard, 1883Original source: Type locality: Rouen, France.Valvata serbica Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene \u2013 Lower Pliocene.Type locality: Visoka (Negotin), Serbia.Valvata serbica Brusina, 1902 as a junior synonym of Valvata minima Fuchs, 1877, the latter is a junior homonym of Valvata minima Hislop, 1859.Remarks: Valvata serpens Stefanescu, 1896+ Original source: \u201cSabba\u201d Type horizon: Pliocene \u2013 Pleistocene, Romanian.Type locality: Milcov , Romania.Valvata crusitensis Fontannes, 1886.Remarks: The author quoted himself as the author of taxa \u201cSabba\u201d, but the last name on the title page is Stefanescu. Valvata servaini Locard, 1889Original source: Type localities: Sur lees bordds des grands lacs ou \u00e9tangs: La Maine \u00e0 Angers; la Seine, \u00e0 Marly, dans Seine-et-Oise; Argenteuil, pr\u00e8s de paris; le d\u00e9laiss\u00e9s de las Seine, pr\u00e8s de Rouen; la canal de la Marne au Rhin; les environs de Lille, dans le Nord; les alluvions du Rh\u00f4ne, au nord de Lyon; le lac de la N\u00e9gresse, pr\u00e8s de Bayonne.Valvata (Cincinna) shakengensis Y\u00fc & Zhang, 1982+ Original source: Type horizon: Eocene.Type locality: Zhuo Xian, Hebei, China.Valvata (Cincinna) shansiensis Y\u00fc, 1965+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle \u2013 Upper Eocene.Type locality: upper part of the Yuanch\u00fc Chun, Yuanch\u00fc, Shansi, China.Valvata shanxiensis Yu\u201c mentioned in Y\u00fc (1984: 328)\u201cValvata shansiensis Y\u00fc, 1965.Misspelling of + Valvata sibinensis Neumayr, 1875+ PageBreakOriginal source: Paludina\u2013layer).Type horizon: Pliocene \u2013 Pleistocene, Dacian-Romanian , Western Siberia, Russia.Lectotype was designated by Prozorova and Starobogatov (1986) and deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.Valvata sibirica Middendorf, 1851 and Valvata frigida Westerlund, 1873 to be conspecific. Genital details were provided by Remarks: Valvata sichuanensis Y\u00fc, Pan & Wang, 1974+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Triassic.Type locality: Sichuan Emei lotus leaf bend, Sichuan Province, China.http://159.226.74.248:8000/viewSpeciDetailsNew.jsp?bbbh=22758Holotype at: V.s. Pian & Wang, 1975 or V.s. Yu, Pian & Wang, 1975.Remarks: In the Chinese online\u2013catalogues listed as Cyclostoma simile Draparnaud, 1805+ Original source: Type horizon: ??Type locality: France.Valvata simile by Valvata simile Daudebard, 1807.Remarks: Cited as Valvata tricarinata var. simplex Gould, 1841 Original source: Type locality: Vermont, North-Eastern USA.Valvata simplex Fuchs, 1870 + Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: near Tihany at Lake Balaton, Hungary.Muellerpalia simplex  (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: Valvata piscinalis simusyuensis Miyadi, 1935Original source: Type locality (from lectotype): Kitabettobu\u2013numa (a lake), \u201cShumshir Island\u201d [Kurile Islands], Russia.PageBreakLectotype (\u201cneoholotype\u201d) and paratypes selected from the syntypes by Valvata sincera Say, 1824Original source: Type locality: North\u2013west Territory, Canada.Type specimens: lost .Remarks: Vernacular names: \u201cmossy valvata\u201d or \u201cboreal turret snail\u201d.Valvata sinensis Y\u00fc et Lee\u201c mentioned in Y\u00fc  (nomen nudum)\u201cValvata sinensis Y\u00fc & Lee, 1983  singularis Gozhik, 2007+ Original source: Gozhik 2007: 79, pl. 69: figs 4\u20137.Type horizon: Miocene, Upper Sarmatian.Type locality: near the village Michailowka, district of Wolgograd, Russia.Cincinna  sirotskii Starobogatov & Zatravkin, 1985Original source: Type locality: Near Novyj Mir settlement, Komsomolskij district, Khabarovsk Territory (Far East), depth 0.2 m, Russia.Holotype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.Valvata (Aphanotylus) skhiadica Bukowski, 1895+ Original source: Paludina\u2013layer).Type horizon: Upper Miocene  skorikovi Lindholm, 1912Original source: Type locality: 5 stations in \u201cNewabucht bei Kronstadt\u201d, near St. Petersburg, Russia.Syntype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.PageBreakValvata depressa var. soluta Boettger, 1883Original source: Type locality: near Athens, Greece.Valvata (Cincinna) soceni Jekelius, 1944: 117, pl. 43: fig. 11\u201313.+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene, Sarmatian.Type locality: Soceni (Banat), Romania.Valvata (Cincinna) sorensis Dybowski, 1886a (operculum), 3a, a\u2019, b, c, d (radula), 5 (spawn).Original source: Type locality: Posolskyj sor , Russia.Lectotype designated by Valvata procera spatiosa Pierce, 2001  (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: Nerita sphaerica M\u00fcller, 1774Original source: Type locality: Not directly provided, but probably Denmark, since a Danish vernacular name (kugle neriten) is given by Valvata contorta M\u00fcller, 1774.Remarks: According to Valvata spirorbis Draparnaud, 1805Original source: Type locality: France.Types not traced. Possibly, in Natural History Museum Vienna fide .Valvata andrezowski\u201d) regarded as synonym to Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774, but considered as separate species by recent Russian authors, e.g. Remarks: Sometimes \u201cPageBreakValvata sorensis Dybowski, 1886, probably based on Valvata (Cincinna) ssorensis [sic!] var. abbreviata: Misspelled for Valvata stelleri Dybowski, 1903Original source: Type locality: Lake Chalaktir, Kamtschatka, Russia.Valvata confusa Westerlund, 1897.Remarks: Valvata (Cincinna) stenotrema Poli\u0144ski, 1929Original source: Type locality: Lake Ohrid, Macedonia.Remarks: Anatomy : 98ff anValvata stenotrenta \u201c(GNI), found also at GBIF_Portal for Lund-Museum L934/3816\u201cValvata (Cincinna) stenotrema Poli\u0144ski, 1929.Misspelling of Valvata stevanovici Ilyina (Iljina in GNI and ION), 1982 , eastern Serbia.Valvata stiriaca [sic] Rolle, 1860+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Pliocene, lignit  layers.Type locality: Schallthal, basin of Sch\u00f6nstein (now \u0160o\u0161tanj), \u201cLower Styria\u201d, Slovenia.Valvata stoliczkana Nevill, 1878Original source: Type locality: Yarkand, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, China.Valvata strebeli Fischer & Crosse, 1891Original source: Type locality: \u201cl\u2019Etat du Mexico\u201d = Estado Libre y Soberano de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico.Valvata humeralis Strebel, 1873 .Remarks: Replacement name for Valvata striata Philippi, 1836 Original source: Type locality: off Sicily, Mediterranean Sea.PageBreakCirculus striatus in Vitrinellidae or Tornidae, although species identity in Fretter\u2019s paper appears doubtful.Remarks: A marine species and according to its anatomy  classifiValvata striata Lewis, 1856 .Remarks: Name preoccupied and being replaced by Valvata striolata Pavlovi\u0107, 1928+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Serbian).Type locality: Karaga\u010da stream , Serbia.Valvata studeri Boeters & Falkner, 1998Original source: Type locality: Sch\u00fctzing (nature reservate \u201cUntere Alz\u201d), South Bavaria, Germany.Holotype: Senckenberg-Museum Frankfurt SMF 311193.Valvata pulchella sensu Valvata pulchella Studer, 1789). Live photo by G. Falkner in Remarks: Introduced as a replacement name for Valvata subangulata Boettger, 1909 (in Wohlberedt 1909: authorship according to ICZN Art. 50.1.1)Original source: Wohlberedt 1909: 697  resp. 113 (in reprint), pl. 54: fig. 193.Type localities: (1) River Zem near Angesta, (2) Bokumirska jezero = Lake Bukumirska (Podogorika), both Montenegro.Amplovalvata subantiqua Yakushina (ION: Jakuschina), 1991+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Cretaceous.Type locality: North Choibalsan region, Mongolia.Valvata subbiformis Gozhik, 1978 , Ukraine.PageBreakValvata subcarinata Brusina, 1878+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene \u2013 Pleistocene, Dacian-Romanian.Type locality : \u010cernik Valvata piscinalis as used by Remarks: Replacement name for Valvata subdepressa\u201c mentioned in \u201cCongeria\u2013layers); Krajova, Walachei (Tara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103), Romania.Locality: Upper Miocene \u2013 Lower Pliocene, Pontian \u201cVivipara subfasciata Bourguignat, 1870.Probably confused with Valvata contorta var. subglobosa Menke, 1845Original source: Type localities: \u201cin lacubus Daniae, Galliae, Helvetiae (Hartmann), Germaniae; in Borussiae provinciae Brandenburgu lacu Ruppinensi , lac M\u00fcggelsee, ad Berlolinum (Ehrenberg), Vratislaviam (Scholtz), in Hannoverae lacu Seeburgensis (W. Dunker)\u201d.Types: Not traced. Menke\u2019s collection was dispersed after his death . BesidesValvata subgradata L\u00f6renthey, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: Budapest \u2013 K\u00f6b\u00e1nya, Hungary.Valvata piscinalis var. submucronata Schmidt, 1856Valvata piscinalis), thus available under ICZN Art. 12.2.1.Original source: Type locality: Creek of Godesberg near Bonn, Germany.Valvata subnaticina Lomnicki, 1886 + Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene, Badenian.Type locality: Goncharivka (= Wycz\u00f3lki), Ukraine.Valvata naticina Menke \u00e4hnlich\u201d [similar to the extant Valvata naticina Menke] and thus probably belonging to genus Borysthenia.Remarks: \u201c...der lebenden PageBreakValvata piscinalis var. subnaticina Piaget, 1913 Original source: Type locality: River Areuse, Canton Neuchatel, Switzerland.Valvata subnaticina Lomnicki, 1886.Remarks: A junior homonym of + Valvata contorta var. subovata Menke, 1845Original source: Type localities: The name was based on a description by Menke and on various bibliographical references, in many of which localities were given. All these are type localities.Types: Not traced. Menke\u2019s collection was dispersed after his death . BesidesValvata subparvula\u201c mentioned in \u201cValvata parvula as listed by Valvat parvula Deshayes, 1862 \u2013 which is not the case, however. Valvata subparvula is not an available name.Remarks: Locality: Tertiary; 3 miles below Fort Union, Nebraska, USA.Valvata piscinalis var. subpiscinalis Tournou\u00ebr, 1866\u201d mentioned in \u201cAn error by Wenz, the name is not mentioned in the cited paper , but Valvata inflata var. subpiscinalis\u201d mentioned in \u201cValvata inflata var. subpiscinalis Delafond & Dep\u00e9ret, 1893+ Original source: Type locality: Middle Pliocene; Saint-Amour, D\u00e9partement Jura, Region Franche-Comt\u00e9, France.Remarks: The name is referred to specimens of the collection of Tournou\u00ebr.Valvata subpiscinalis Ku\u0161\u010der, 1932Original source: Type locality: \u201cDer Rak-Bach unweit der jugoslavisch\u2013italienischen Grenze\u201d [the rak\u2013creek near the Jugoslavian-Italian border], Slovenia.Paratypes  were figured by Neohoratia Sch\u00fctt, 1961 (Hydrobiidae), see Remarks: Type species of Cincinna (Atropidina) subpulchella Gozhik, 2007+ PageBreakOriginal source: Gozhik 2007: 78, pl. 69: fig. 3.Type horizon: Pleistocene or Holocene (Alluvium V. Terrace).Type locality: river Danube near the village Nagornoye, district of Odessa, Ukraine.Liratina subtilostriata Pan, 1980  since Remarks: Vernacular name \u201cValv\u00e9e sillonn\u00e9e\u201d. Considered as Valvata sulechiana Cob. non Brus.\u201d, cited at page 53 in Senoner (Vienna) Cenni Biograpfici. Giornale di Scienze Naturali il Naturalisti Siciliano, 1884\u201385, vol. 4: pp. 45\u201360.\u201cValvata sulekiana Cob\u0103lcescu, 1883, non Brusina, 1874 (see there).Misspelling of + Valvata sulekiana Brusina, 1874 + Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene-Pleistocene, Dacian-Romanian.Type locality: Marinac (near Varo\u0161), Slavonia, Croatia.PageBreakValvata sulekiana Cob\u0103lcescu, 1883 + Original source: Paludina\u2013layers.Type horizon: Pliocene\u2013Pleistocene, Dacian\u2013Romanian; Type locality: Barbo\u0219i (= Barboschi), Galati, Romania.Valvata sulekiana Brusina, 1874 and thus replaced by Valvata cobalcescui Brusina, 1885 (see there).Remarks: An objective junior homonym of Valvata tricarinata supracarinata Baker, 1921+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene.Type locality: near Morris, Grundy County, Illinois, USA.Topotype: Museum of Natural History of the Univesity of Illinois, #P928.Valvata (Tropidina) macrostoma var. suturalis Westerlund, 1886 Original source: Type locality: Galicia near Przemysi: Kotula, Southeast Poland.Valvata suturalis Grabau, 1923  macrostoma var. suturalis Westerlund, 1886)+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Jurassic, Meng-Yin formation.Type locality: Ning Chia Kou, Shandong, China.Planorbis symmetricus Ludwig, 1865+ Valvata symmetrica (Ludwig) in Original source: Type horizon: Lower Miocene, Aquitanien.Type locality: Kleinkarben in Hessen, Germany.Valvata syracusana Locard, 1889: 35.Original source: Type locality: Assapo near Syracus in Sicily, Italy.Valvata syriaca\u201c mentioned in \u201cLocalities: \u201c\u2026 environs de Sayda en Syrie, a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9e en \u00c9gypte sur les bords du lac Mariout; dans un marias \u00e0 l\u2019est de la Mahmoudieh; dans le lac du jardin khedivial de Ghizeh; sur les bords du lac Moeris, au Fayoun, et sur les rives de l\u2019ancien lac Timsah.\u201d, all Egypt.o. 191, 1878\u201d.Remarks: However, as outlined by PageBreakValvata tacitiana Locard, 1889: 42.Original source: Type locality: Marshes of Cressida, Corfu, Greece.Valvata tasmanica Tennison Woods, 1876Original source: Type locality: Gould\u2019s County, north\u2013easternTasmania.Valvatasma Iredale, 1943 , see Beddomeia tasmanica  in the OBIS Indo-Pacific Database http://clade.ansp.org/obis/search.php/4996Remarks: Type species of Valvata tasolana\u201d \u201cValvata tolosana Saint-Simon, 1870 .As already noticed by Kobelt (1893: 20) this taxon is misspelled for Valvata  tenagobia Bekman & Starobogatov, 1975Original source: Type locality: Kharin-Irgi Bay (Oikhon Gates) [Baikal Lake], depth 32\u201339 m, Russia.Valvata (Ohridotropidina) relicta relicta f. tetracarinata\u201c mentioned in \u201cLocality: Lake Ohrid, Macedonia.Remarks: Originally proposed at infrasubspecific rank, thus not available under ICZN Art. 45.6.4. However, the name would be available, if an author before 1985 used it and gave it subspecific or specific rank (ICZN Art. 45.6.4.1). This was not fully checked and remains to be verified.Valvata tenuistriata Fuchs, 1870+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: near Tihany at Lake Balaton, Hungary.Jekeliella (Hydrobiidae).Remarks: Classified by Valvata theocleti\u201d mentioned in \u201cLocality: Pliocene \u2013 Pleistocene; Ptolemaida, West-Macedonia, Greece.Remarks: This PhD\u2013Thesis PhD\u2013Thesis, in which 35 species are ostendibley described, does not meet the conditions of ICZN Art. 8.1.3 and 9.9. Accordingly, the name is not available.Valvata theotokii Locard, 1889Original source: PageBreakType localities: (1) Fountain of Kardachi, (2) Marshes of Cressida, both Korfu, Greece.Valvata tihanyensis L\u00f6renthey, 1906+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: near Tihany at Lake Balaton, Hungary.Valvata tilhoi Germain, 1909Original source: Type locality: Lake Chad, Algerie.Valvata tolosana Saint-Simon, 1870Original source: Type locality: Toulouse, channel of Midi, France.Valvata  toplicani Miloshevich, 1984+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene\u2212Pleistocene, Metohija Series.Type locality: Topli\u010dane, Metohija basin, Kosovo.Valvata tournoueri Capellini, 1880+ Original source: Congeria\u2013layers).Type horizon: Upper Miocene Valvata des Draparnaud geh\u00f6rt...\u201d [...since this snail belongs to genus Valvata of Draparnaud....].Original source: Type locality: beach of Rimini (shells transported by rivers), Italy.PageBreakHelix nana Megerle von M\u00fchlfeld, 1824 (see there) and thus probably a synonym of Valvata cristata M\u00fcller, 1774.Remarks: According to figures identical  to Valvata trigeri Deshayes, 1862+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Eocene, Bartonian.Type locality: Nantheuil\u2013sur-Marne, Saint Aubin, pres le Mans, Basin de Paris, France.Valvata contorta var. trochoidea Menke, 1845Original source: Type localities: The name was based on a description by Menke and on various bibliographical references, in many of which localities were given. All these are type localities.Types: Not traced. Menke\u2019s collection was dispersed after his death . BesidesValvata troglobia\u201c mentioned in Bole and Velkovrh (1986)\u201cValvata troglobia, Valvata pusilla, Mihi.), a nomen nudum.Remarks: According to Valvata trouessarti Brusina, 1902+ Original source: Paludina\u2013layers).Type horizon: Pliocene-Pleistocene, Romanian + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata (Cincinna) turgensis Martinson, 1961+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Cretaceous.Type locality: not clear, since Martinson only listed several records: West Trans-Baikal region \u2013 Tarbagatay, Ulan-Ude Region, Kizhinga Region (Buryatia); Ost Trans-Baikal Region \u2013 Arbagar, Turga; Vilyuysk, Baysa; south\u2013east Mongolia.Valvata turgidula Locard, 1889Original source: Type locality: Lac de N\u00e9gresse, Bayonne, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France.Valvata minuta, now Islamia globulina  turislavica\u201c mentioned in \u201cCaspia turislavica Jekelius, 1944.Probably confused with + Atropidina turpanensis Zhu, 1994+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Jurassic, Qiktim Formation.Type locality: Xiabakan, Shanshan County, Turpan Basin, Northern Xinjiang, China.http://www.nimrf.net.cn/ept/eptDataDetail.action?ptzyh=2332C0001000004184Holotype: Cincinna  tymiensis Starobogatov, 1985 Original source: Type locality: Lake Champlain and Erie Channel (New York), USA.Valvata unicarinata L\u00f6renthey, 1894 + Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene \u2013 Pliocene, Pannonian (Portaferrian).Type locality: S\u00e9d\u2013creek, B\u00e1lint\u2013bridge, Szeksz\u00e1rd, Hungary.Valvata unicarinata De Kay, 1843.Remarks: a junior homonoym of Valvata unicarinifera Hislop, 1859+ Original source: Type horizon: Tertiary.Type locality: Little Tisti, Karwad, But\u00e1r\u00e1, East India.Valvata simplex var. unicincta L\u00f6renthey, 1906+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: Feh\u00e9rpart near Tihany, Hungary.Valvata sincera var. utahensis Call, 1884Original source: Type locality: Utah Lake, USA.PageBreakHolotype: U.S. National Museum # 31277.Valvata utahensis is a polymorphic species exhibiting a wide range of forms. Miller et al. (2006) and Remarks: Vernacular names: Utah roundmouth snail, desert valvata. Amplovalvata valareslebensis Huckriede, 1967+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Jurassic, Middle Kimmeridgian.Type locality: southeast of S\u00fclfeld, Fallersleben, Germany.Valvata vallestris Fontannes, 1876+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene.Type locality: Moulin de Fully near Saint-Quentin-Fallavier (= La Fuly); Bas Dauphine, southeast of Lyon, France.Valvata cf. vallestris Fontannes\u201c mentioned in Valvata  schlosseri, Remarks: \u201cValvata  valvestris Fontannes\u201d by \u201cValvata vallestris Fontannes, 1876.Misspelling of + Valvata (Tropidina) vanciana Tournou\u00ebr, 1875+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene.Type locality: Fort de Vancia near Lyon, D\u00e9partement de Ain, France.Valvata variabilis Fuchs, 1870+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: R\u0103dm\u0103ne\u0219ti, near Lugos in Banat, Romania.Muellerpalia varians  (Hydrobiidae) by Remarks: Considered as Valvata varians L\u00f6renthey, 1902+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: Budapest \u2013 K\u00f6b\u00e1nya; Hungary.Pachystoma varicatum Tausch, 1886+ Original source: PageBreakType horizon: Upper Cretaceous \u2013 \u201cGosaumergel\u201d.Type locality: Csinger valley near Ajka in Bakony, Hungary.Ariomphalus Bandel & Riedel, 1994 (p. 22), who also figured the shell and protoconch by SEM .Remarks: Type species of Valvata sabaudiensis var. varicosa Koert, 1898+ Original source: Type horizon: Jurassic/Cretaceous border.Type locality: southwest of Selter hill, Lower Sachsian, Germany.Valvata (Tropidina) vauciana\u201c\u201cValvata (Tropidina) vanciana Tournou\u00ebr, 1875 in the catalogue of the Museum National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle (Paris) at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/ScientificName/Valvata/vaucianaMisspelling of + Valvata (Atropidina) velitzelosi Sch\u00fctt & Velitzelos, 1991+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene.Type locality: Kerasia, Island of Euboea, Greece.Cincinna vetusta Kormos, 1911+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Transdanubian).Type locality: Mencshely, Lake Balaton, Hungary.Cincinna (Cincinna) vinogradovskense [sic] Gozhik, 2002 + Original source: Type horizon: Miocene, Pontian.Type locality: Vinograd, Ukraina.Valvata virens Tryon, 1863Original source: Type locality: Clear Lake, California, USA.Remarks: Vernacular name: \u201cemerald valvata\u201d. A recent species considered to be extinct by human activities (pollution), however.Valvata viridana Stentz\u201d\u201cValvata impura).Cited (with doubts) by Valvata (Aegaea) vivipariformis Oppenheim, 1891+ Original source: PageBreakType horizon: Lower Pleistocene.Type locality: Koumaris (= Kumari) near Aegion, Greece.Viviparidae . Type species of Aegaea Oppenheim, 1891.Remarks: According to the size (10 mm) and aperture (not round) probably not a valvatid, but a species of Valvata viviparum\u201d\u201cViviparus viviparus .Cited by Valvata (Microcincinna) vystitiensis Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987Original source: Type locality: Vyshtitis Lake, at the border of Kaliningrad district and Lithuania.Holotype: Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Nr. 1 in systematic catalogue under the name.Valvata vrabceana Gorjanovi\u0107-Kramberger, 1890+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian (Slavonian).Type locality: Vrap\u010de (Zagreb), Croatia.Valvata wagneri Ku\u0161\u010der, 1928Original source: Type locality: \u201cVranja pe\u010d\u201d cave near Bo\u0161tanj, Svenica, Krso, Slovenia.Vrania Radoman, 1978: 35 (Hydrobiidae), see Binder (1967), Remarks: Type species of Valvata perdepressa walkeri Baker, 1930Original source: Type locality: Southern part of Lake Michigan, USA.Valvata (Atropidina) wenzi Papp, 1953+ Original source: Type horizon: Upper Miocene, Pannonian.Type locality: Eichkogel bei M\u00f6dling, Lower Austria.Remarks: SEM of shell and  protoconch were depicted by Valvata whitei Hannibal, 1910+ Original source: Hannibal 1910: 107.Type horizon: Marl\u2013deposit, Upper Lahontan Quaternary.Type locality: near Summer Lake, Oregon, USA.PageBreakAphanotylus whitei Dall, 1924+ Original source: Type horizon: Pliocene \u2013 Pleistocene, Idaho Formation.Type locality: Castle Creek, Owyhee County, Idaho, USA.Valvata  soceni wiesenensis Papp, 1954+ Original source: Type horizon: Middle Miocene \u2013 Sarmatian.Type locality: Wiesen, Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin; Burgenland, Austria.Valvata windhauseni Parodiz, 1961+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: Nahuel Niyeu , Rio Negro province, Argentina.Valvata winnebagoensis Baker, 1928.Original source: Baker 1928: 475\u2013476, pl.1: figs 11\u201313.Type locality: Miller Bay, Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin, USA.Remarks: Vernacular name: \u201cflanged valvata\u201d.Valvata woodwardi Kennard, 1911+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene, Cromerian Stage.Type locality: West Runton, Norfolk, England.Valvata goldfussiana W\u00fcst, 1901 by Remarks: Considered as a synonym of Valvata yaviana Fritzsche, 1924+ Original source: Type horizon: Cretaceous.Type locality: limestone of Yavi, North of province of Jujuy, Argentina.Valvata yongkangensis Y\u00fc, 1980+ Original source: Type horizon: Mesozoic?Type locality: Zhejiang, southern Anhui, China.http://159.226.74.248:8000/viewSpeciDetailsNormal.jsp?bbbh=18572Holotype: Valvata piligera yukonensis Clarke & Harington, 1978+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene.Type locality: Old Crow Basin, Yukon Territory, Canada.PageBreakSinorificium yumenensis Guo, 1982  as a neotaenioglossan species.Valvata zhongbaensis Y\u00fc, 1974+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Jurassic.Type locality: Sichuan Jiangyou, China.Valvata zhongjiangensis Pan, 1982+ Original source: Pan 1982: ??, figs 18\u201321 .Type horizon: Upper Jurassic, Penglaizhen formation.Type locality: Zhongjiang County Cangshan, Sichuan Basin, China.http://159.226.74.248:8000/viewSpeciDetailsNormal.jsp?bbbh=53434Holotype: Valvata zhouqingzhuangensis Youluo, 1978 + Original source: Type horizon: Lower Tertiary.Type locality: coastal region of Bohai, China.Valvata (Cincinna) zhuchengensis Pan, 1983+ Original source: Type horizon: Lower Cretaceous \u2013 Xiazhuang Formation.Type locality: Shichang-Zhonglou Basin in North China.Valvata zschokkei Bollinger, 1921+ Original source: Type horizon: Pleistocene, Interglacial \u201cSchieferkohle\u201d.Type locality: D\u00fcrnten, Kanton Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland."}
{"text": "There is an error in Citation.The correct Citation is: Carbonara S, Bruno G, Di Ciaula G, Pantaleo AD, Angarano G, et al. (2012) Limiting Severe Outcomes and Impact on Intensive Care Units of Moderate-Intermediate 2009 Pandemic Influenza: Role of Infectious Diseases Units. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42940. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042940"}
{"text": "The 5th author's last name is misspelled. The correct spelling is: Philip Tsichlis.The correct citation is: Lindner HB, Zhang A, Eldridge J, Demcheva M, Tsichlis P, et al. (2011) Anti-Bacterial Effects of Poly-N-Acetyl-Glucosamine Nanofibers in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Requirement for Akt1. PLoS ONE 6(4): e18996. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018996"}
{"text": "There was an error in the title. The correct title is: Spatio-Temporal Quantification of FRET in Living Cells by Fast Time-Domain FLIM: A Comparative Study of Non-Fitting Methods.The correct citation is: Leray A, Padilla-Parra S, Roul J, H\u00e9liot L, Tramier M (2013) Spatio-Temporal Quantification of FRET in Living Cells by Fast Time-Domain FLIM: A Comparative Study of Non-Fitting Methods. PLoS ONE 8(7): e69335. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069335."}
{"text": "The name of the first author was incorrect in the article.The correct author name is: Ainsley McFarlaneThe correct citation is: McFarlane AA, Orriss G, Okun N, Meier M, Klonisch T, et al. (2012) The Pentameric Channel of COMPcc in Complex with Different Fatty Acids. PLoS ONE 7(11): e48130. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048130"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Joseph H. McCarty. The correct citation is: Allinson KR, Lee HS, Fruttiger M, McCarty JH, Arthur HM (2012) Endothelial Expression of TGF\u03b2 Type II Receptor Is Required to Maintain Vascular Integrity during Postnatal Development of the Central Nervous System. PLoS ONE 7(6): e39336. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039336"}
{"text": "There was an error in the fourth author's name. A. Nigel Goring-Morris is correct. The correct citation is: Goren-Inbar N, Freikman M, Garfinkel Y, Goring-Morris AN, Grosman L (2012) The Earliest Matches. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42213."}
{"text": "AbstractParidris in the New World is revised (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Fifteen species are described, of which 13 are new. Paridris aenea (Ashmead)(Mexico (Tamaulipas) and West Indies south to Bolivia and southern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro state)), Paridris armata Talamas, sp. n. (Venezuela), Paridris convexa Talamas, sp. n. , Paridris dnophos Talamas, sp. n. (Mexico (Vera Cruz) south to Bolivia and central Brazil (Goi\u00e1s)), Paridris gongylos Talamas & Masner, sp. n. , Paridris gorn Talamas & Masner, sp. n. , Paridris invicta Talamas & Masner, sp. n. (Brazil: S\u00e3o Paulo), Paridris isabelicae Talamas & Masner, sp. n. , Paridris lemete Talamas & Masner, sp. n. (Puerto Rico), Paridris minor Talamas, sp. n. (Cuba), Paridris nayakorum Talamas, sp. n. (Costa Rica), Paridris pallipes (Ashmead), Paridris psydrax Talamas & Masner, sp. n. , Paridris saurotos Talamas, sp. n. (Jamaica), Paridris soucouyant Talamas & Masner, sp. n. . Paridris brevipennis Fouts, Paridris laeviceps (Ashmead), and Paridris nigricornis (Fouts) are treated as junior synonyms of Paridris pallipes; Paridris opaca is transferred to Probaryconus. Lectotypes are designated for Idris aenea Ashmead and Caloteleia aenea Ashmead. Paridris in Idris. Hetransferred three species to the new name: Idris laeviceps Ashmead, Idris aenea Ashmead and Idris nigricornis Brues, with Idris laeviceps selected as the type species of the new genus. One additional species, Paridris brevipennis Fouts, recorded as an egg parasitoid of the cricket Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister (Paridris opaca (Kieffer) and Paridris pallipes (Ashmead) into the genus from Paranteris and Thoron, respectively.J.J. Kieffer described the genus rmeister , was desParidris has required assessment on a world scale because of its polytypic morphology, which is perhaps most apparent among the New World species. Of the 13 new species described in this paper, 7 are morphologically close to Paridris pallipes, whereas the majority of the world species bear little obvious relation to the type species of the genus. The key to separate Paridris from Probaryconus and Anteris  for his detailed analysis of the matter and bringing it to our attention while reviewing our manuscript. Species epithets previously treated as masculine are as follows: Paridris bispinosa (Masner), Paridris fera Talamas, Paridris gloria Kononova, Paridris pachmarhica (Sharma), Paridris parvoculata Galloway, Paridris rugulosa Talamas, Paridris spinosa Rajmohana, Paridris stena Kononova & Petrov, and Paridris verrucosa Talamas.The gender of the name Scelionini sensu lato. The contributions of the authors are as follows: E.J. Talamas: collection of specimens, character definition, species concept development, imaging, keyPageBreak development, manuscript preparation; L. Masner: collection and aggregation of specimens, species concept development, manuscript preparation; N.F. Johnson: software and database development, manuscript preparation.This work is conducted as part of the Platygastroidea Planetary Biodiversity Inventory and represents a step toward a species-level revision of the Specimens: This work is based upon specimens deposited in the following collections, with abbreviations used in the text: AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA1; BMNH, Natural History Museum, London, England2; CASC, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA3; CNCI, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada4; IAVH, Colecci\u00f3n de Artr\u00f3podos, Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva, Colombia5; INBC, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica6; INHS, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA7; LACM, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA8; MCZ, Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA9; MEMU, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS10; MZLU, Lund Museum of Zoology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden11; MZSP, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil12; OSUC, C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Columbus, OH13; UCDC, R. M. Bohart Museum of Entomology, Davis, CA14; UCMC, University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, Colorado15; USNM, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA16.Morphology: Abbreviations and morphological terms used in text: A1, A2, ... A12: antennomere 1, 2, ... 12; claval formula: distribution of the multiporous basiconic sensilla on the underside of apical antennomeres of the female, with the antennomere interval specified followed by the number of sensilla per segment  as a search term at http://glossary.hymao.org.ogy HAO,  . Details on the data associated with these specimens may be accessed at the following link, purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/hol, and entering the identifier in the form. This monograph also features simultaneous publication and distribution of taxonomic and occurrence records through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) using DarwinCore Archives. All new species have been prospectively registered with Zoobank (http://hns.osu.edu/). Life sciences identifiers, lsids, may be resolved at the URLs specified in the footnotes or at lsid.tdwg.org. Zoobank  and otheCybertools: The species descriptions are generated by a database application, vSysLab (purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/vSysLab), designed to facilitate the generation of taxon by character data matrices, to integrate these with the existing taxonomic and specimen-level database, and to export the data both as text and as input files for other applications. The output is in the format of \u201cCharacter: Character state(s).\u201d Polymorphic characters are indicated by semicolon-separated character states.Imaging: Images were produced using Combine ZP and AutoMontage extended-focus software. The individual images are archived at the image database at The Ohio State University (purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/specimage) and with MorphBank (www.morphbank.net). The latter also contains collections of images organized by plate.Species concept: For the purpose of this revision, species are defined as taxa diagnosable by putative autapomorphies or a unique combination of fixed character states.Identification keys PageBreak(Ashmead)urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8709F7AA-46A7-4D34-98F8-9671D6539ABFurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5062http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_aenea17Idris aenea Ashmead, 1894: 231 ; Ashmead 1900: 328 (distribution).Paridris aenea (Ashmead): Caloteleia aenea Ashmead, 1894: 218, 219  syn. n.; Ashmead 1900: 327 (distribution).Ceratoteleia aenea (Ashmead): Oxyteleia aenea (Ashmead): Female body length: 1.73\u20132.66 mm (n=20). Male body length: 1.38-2.54 mm (n=20).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.Color of head: brown; black. Distal margin of clypeus: serrate. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye; extending to dorsal frons. Shape of gena in dorsal view: moderately receding behind compound eye. Striae on gena: pronounced. Length of striae on gena: extending above ventral margin of eye. Distribution of microsculpture on head: absent. Length of OOL: greater than 2 ocellar diameters; less than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: comprised of small to miniscule cells. Setation of postgena: sparse. Ventral extent of occipital carina: extending to base of mandible.PageBreak Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Transverse pronotal carina: present in posterior half of pronotum; present in posterodorsal corner of pronotum. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: narrow and striplike. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: areolate. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: dense along mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus, otherwise sparse; dense throughout. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: absent. Pustulate microsculpture on anterior mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a smooth furrow; percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a line of punctures. Orientation of notauli: parallel. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugose along margins, smooth medially. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: present, complete. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: very fine; absent; large. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: areolate to punctate rugose throughout; densely punctate on lateral surface, smooth on ventral surface. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: transverse punctate rugulose lamella, posterior margin approximately straight. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse punctate rugulose lamella, posterior margin approximately straight. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: separate. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: straight to moderately convex. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: absent. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: smooth; punctate; punctate rugose; faintly rugulose. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: raised above plical area and indicated by sparser setation. Plical carina: present. Shape of lateral propodeal area: continuous with prespiracular propodeal area. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: punctate rugulose.Color of mesosoma: yellowish brown to black; reddish brown. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells; present as smooth furrow.PageBreakdensely and finely punctate throughout. Setation of S1: present as medial tuft. Form of S2 felt field: longitudinal row or patch of setigerous punctures. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of S3: absent; weakly crenulate to weakly strigose medially.Color of metasoma: yellowish brown to black; reddish brown. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate; longitudinally strigose. Interstitial sculpture of T1: finely rugulose. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: posteriorly projecting spine. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present throughout lateral surface of tergite. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: straight. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: present. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: present. Microsculpture on T3: absent; present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: weakly longitudinally strigose; weakly longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: longitudinally strigose; longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: longitudinally striate. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: longitudinally strigose laterally; absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: present. Punctation of T6 in female: Wing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: reduced anad of submarginal vein. Length of postmarginalis: approximately half of length of stigmalis. RS+M in fore wing: spectral.Paridris aenea is most similar to Paridris lemete (endemic to Puerto Rico). The females of these species are easily separated by the number of basiconic sensilla on A8: one in Paridris aenea, and two in Paridris lemete; and a carina is present along the crest of the horn of T1 in Paridris lemete but not in Paridris aenea. The males of Paridris aenea may be separated by the coarse rugose or areolate sculpture of the mesopleuron ventral to the femoral depression; in Paridris lemete the ventral mesopleuron is mostly smooth with sparse punctation.18Prestoea acuminata var. montana (Graham): [Arecales: Arecaceae]collected near Lectotype (by present designation), female, Idris aenea: SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: Saint Vincent Island, no date, H. H. Smith, B.M.TYPE HYM. 9.935 (deposited in BMNH). Paralectotype, male, Idris aenea: SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: Saint Vincent Island, no date, H. H. Smith, OSUC 397883 (deposited in BMNH). Lectotype (by present designation), female, Caloteleia aenea: SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: Saint Vincent Island, no date, H. H. Smith, B.M.TYPE HYM. 9.936 (deposited in BMNH). Paralectotypes: 2 males, Caloteleia aenea: SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: OSUC 397892\u2013397893 (deposited in BMNH). Other material:  BELIZE: 2 females, 5 males, OSUC 181326, 181375\u2013181377, 396509\u2013396510, 396541 (CNCI). BOLIVIA: 3 females, 2 males, OSUC 181331, 181396, 181400, 396278\u2013396279 (CNCI). BRAZIL: 4 females, 13 males, OSUC 181361, 181364, 181367, 181372, 396066 (CNCI); OSUC 111928, 133058, 133083, 147969, 148060, 225, 254564, 254589, 254592, 266228, 334194, 334198 (OSUC). COLOMBIA: 9 females, 21 males, OSUC 181360, 181368, 181402, 396274 (CNCI); OSUC 178136, 181407, 182831, 182833, 185437, 189095, 189243, 192194, 193175, 202090, 256813\u2013256814, 256816, 268895 (IAVH); OSUC 182235, 182835, 188736\u2013188737, 189094, 189244, 191336, 194181, 202091\u2013202092, 256815, 262597 (OSUC). COSTA RICA: 36 females, 32 males, OSUC 181302, 181308, 181310, 181317, 181321\u2013181322, 181330, 181335, 181341\u2013181342, 181346\u2013181347, 181350, 181380, 181383, 181387, 181389, 181393, 181405, 334104\u2013334106, 396070\u2013396077, 396085\u2013396086, 396093\u2013396095, 396101, 396104, 396106, 396110\u2013396112, 396115\u2013396116, 396123\u2013396125, 396127\u2013396128, 396275\u2013396277, 396488\u2013396495, 396512, 396540, 396542, 396544, 396547, 396550 (CNCI); OSUC 334190 (OSUC); OSUC 266071, 266073 (TAMU). CUBA: 16 females, 4 males, OSUC 334265\u2013334267 (CNCI); OSUC 436213\u2013436227, 436230\u2013436231 (USNM). DOMINICA: 2 females, 4 males, OSUC 181338, 396826\u2013396827, 396831\u2013396833 (CNCI). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 6PageBreak females, 3 males, OSUC 181314, 181323, 181325, 181381, 396078, 396088\u2013396089, 396513 (CNCI); OSUC 261872 (OSUC). ECUADOR: 10 females, 6 males, OSUC 181315, 181337, 181340, 181345, 181348, 181353\u2013181354, 181369, 181386, 181398, 396092, 396107, 396117\u2013396118, 396120, 396530 (CNCI). FRENCH GUIANA: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC 181334, 396545 (CNCI). GRENADA: 1 female, OSUC 396830 (CNCI). GUYANA: 8 females, 2 males, OSUC 181390, 396263\u2013396267, 396518\u2013396521 (CNCI). HONDURAS: 1 female, 2 males, OSUC 334161\u2013334162, 334165 (MZLU). JAMAICA: 1 female, OSUC 58703 (OSUC). MEXICO: 25 females, 2 males, OSUC 181301, 181303, 181385, 181388, 334073\u2013334085, 334098\u2013334103, 396108\u2013396109, 396511 (CNCI); OSUC 49279 (OSUC). PANAMA: 2 females, 13 males, OSUC 181307, 181309, 181318\u2013181320, 181336, 181366, 396079\u2013396081, 396087, 396102\u2013396103, 396105, 396114 (CNCI). PERU: 7 females, 15 males, OSUC 181316, 181324, 181343, 181408, 396082\u2013396084, 396119, 396257\u2013396262, 396269, 396280, 396517, 396546 (CNCI); OSUC 237351, 255001\u2013255002 (OSUC); OSUC 232004 (USNM). SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: 2 females, OSUC 396828\u2013396829 (CNCI). SURINAME: 2 females, OSUC 181355\u2013181356 (CNCI). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 11 females, 12 males, OSUC 181305, 181362\u2013181363, 396051\u2013396057, 396059\u2013396062, 396067\u2013396068, 396096\u2013396100, 396121\u2013396122 (CNCI).VENEZUELA: 12 females, 7 males, OSUC 181306, 181328\u2013181329, 181379, 265174, 334071\u2013334072, 396090\u2013396091, 396113, 396528\u2013396529, 396531\u2013396533, 396543 (CNCI); OSUC 146704, 334201, 79752 (OSUC).Paridris aenea is accompanied by morphological variation, some of which is correlated with particular regions. Specimens from Cuba and Jamaica have smaller eyes (and consequently a larger OOL) and a pronounced transverse carina on T2 that protrudes laterally, making the anterior width of T2 distinctly greater than the posterior width of T1. Typically, the genal striae do not extend above the midpoint of the eye and are concentrated in the posterior half of the gena. Specimens from Tobago, and some from mainland South America, have elongate genal striae that extend to the vertex, or even around the eye, becoming dorsally continuous with the malar striae. Finally, three female specimens, OSUC 181316, 181345, 334201, have a minute horn on T1. They are otherwise consistent with our concept of Paridris aenea, and we consider them to be variants within this species.The large geographical distribution of Talamassp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A5C4FDC5-ED25-46D6-9AF6-57E3C7F4C289urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298865http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_armata19Male body length: 2.35 mm (n=1).PageBreakDevelopment of interantennal process ventrally: connecting with clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: extending to dorsal frons. Shape of gena in dorsal view: moderately receding behind compound eye. Striae on gena: pronounced. Length of striae on gena: extending above ventral margin of eye. Distribution of microsculpture on head: absent. Length of OOL: less than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: comprised of medium to large sized cells. Setation of postgena: sparse. Ventral extent of occipital carina: extending to base of mandible.Color of head: black. Distal margin of clypeus: smooth. Width of clypeus: equal to or less than width of interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: rounded. Color of mesosoma: reddish brown. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Transverse pronotal carina: present in posterodorsal corner of pronotum. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: without dorsal surface. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: punctate rugulose. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: dense throughout. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: absent. Pustulate microsculpture on anterior mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Notaulus: present as cluster of punctures at posterior margin of mesoscutum. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugose. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: absent. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: densely punctate anteriorly, smooth posteriorly and on ventral surface. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in male: bispinose. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: uncertain, separate. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: straight to moderately convex. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: absent. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: punctate rugose. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: indicated by sparser degree of setation. Plical carina: absent. Shape of lateral propodeal area: continuous with prespiracular propodeal area. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: rugose.Color of metasoma: brown. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally strigose. Interstitial sculpture of T1: smooth. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: weakly longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present throughout lateral surface of tergite. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: weakly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: weakly longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: weakly longitudinally striate. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Setation of S1: absent. Form of S2 felt field: longitudinal row or patch of setigerous punctures. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: absent. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.PageBreakWing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: uniform throughout. Length of postmarginalis: less than half of length of stigmalis. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.Paridris armata is not acutely similar to any of the other Paridris species in the New World. The bispinose shape of the metascutellum and very narrow clypeus unambiguously separate it from the other species treated here.The adjectival Latin epithet \u201carmata\u201d is given to this species for the shape and relatively large size of the metascutellum.20Holotype, male: VENEZUELA: Bol\u00edvar St., camp, Auy\u00e1n Tepuy, 05\u00b046'07\"N, 62\u00b031'56\"W, 2075m, 19.IV\u201325.IV.1994, yellow pan trap, L. Masner & J. L. Garcia, OSUC 181352 (deposited in CNCI).Talamassp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 35B139C7-8B3E-44A6-80D7-08141057B48Furn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:299093http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_convexa21Female body length: 1.19\u20131.51 mm (n=4). Male body length: 1.26\u20132.44 mm (n=12).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.Color of head: brown; black. Distal margin of clypeus: smooth. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: moderately receding behind compound eye. Striae on gena: weakly indicated. Length of striae on gena: terminating below ventral margin of eye. Form of microsculpture on head: reticulate microfissures. Distribution of microsculpture on head: present throughout dorsal head. Length of OOL: greater than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: simple. Setation of postgena: dense. Ventral extent of occipital carina: absent below midpoint of foramen magnum.PageBreakterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: densely punctate; areolate to punctate rugose throughout. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: transverse lamella, posterior margin convex. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse lamella, pointed medially; transverse lamella, posterior margin convex. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: fused. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: present throughout. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: present. Lateral propodeal area: undifferentiated from plical area. Plical carina: absent.Color of mesosoma: reddish brown; yellowish brown. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: without dorsal surface. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: sparsely punctate; line of uniform punctures. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: sparse; moderate. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: present throughout. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: sparse; absent. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a smooth furrow; abbreviate, not reaching mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus. Orientation of notauli: parallel. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: parallel-sided. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: absent. Punctures on posPageBreak on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: longitudinally striate. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: present. Setation of S1: PageBreakdensely present throughout. Form of S2 felt field: line of dense setae along longitudinal ridge. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate.Color of metasoma: reddish brown; yellowish brown. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Interstitial sculpture of T1: finely rugulose. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: transverse ridge at base of horn. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present throughout lateral surface of tergite. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: distinctly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: absent. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: absent. MicrosculptureWing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: uniform throughout. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.Paridris convexa is most similar to Paridris saurotos and Paridris isabelicae. Males and females of Paridris convexa may be separated from these two species by the presence of reticulate microfissures through the head. In Paridris saurotos and Paridris isabelicae this microsculpture is limited to patches on the temple, between the median and lateral ocelli, and directly posterior to the lateral ocellus.PageBreakThe Latin epithet \u201cconvexa\u201d is adjectival, meaning rounded or smooth. It is given to this species for its smooth surface sculpture.22Holotype, female: COSTA RICA: Heredia Prov., La Selva Biological Station, 10\u00b026'N, 84\u00b001'W, 75m, 27.II\u201328.II.2003, sweeping, J. S. Noyes, OSUC 181392 (deposited in BMNH). Paratypes:  COSTA RICA: 3 females, 9 males, OSUC 181304, 181327, 181382, 181403\u2013181404, 181409, 262112\u2013262114, 265168 (CNCI); OSUC 181391, 181399 (OSUC). PANAMA: 4 males, OSUC 262115\u2013262116 (CNCI); OSUC 181332, 262117 (OSUC).Talamassp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 79588AE4-3C13-49DE-B0AD-ADDC7960179Burn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:299226http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_dnophos23Female body length: 1.21\u20131.97 mm (n=21). Male body length: 1.08\u20131.88 mm (n=20).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.PageBreakColor of head: brown; black. Distal margin of clypeus: serrate. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: strongly receding behind compound eye. Striae on gena: weakly indicated. Length of striae on gena: terminating below midpoint of eye. Form of microsculpture on head: reticulate microfissures. Distribution of microsculpture on head: present only on anterodorsal margin of eye, temples, and posterior to lateral ocellus. Length of OOL: less than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina abovePageBreak foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: comprised of small to miniscule cells; simple; faintly crenulate throughout. Setation of postgena: dense. Ventral extent of occipital carina: absent below midpoint of foramen magnum.PageBreakoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: dense along mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus, otherwise sparse; sparse; moderate; dense throughout. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: absent. Pustulate microsculpture on anterior mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: sparse; dense; moderately dense. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a line of punctures; abbreviate, not reaching mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus. Orientation of notauli: parallel. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: parallel-sided. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: comprised of distinct, closed cells. Mesopleural carina: absent. Punctures on posterPageBreakodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: densely punctate; smooth; moderately punctate; densely punctate on lateral surface, smooth on ventral surface. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: transverse lamella, pointed medially; obscured by horn of T1. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse lamella, pointed medially. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: fused. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: with blunt angle near intersection with metapleural sulcus. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: present throughout. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: punctate. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: densely punctate. Setation of metapleural triangle: dense. Anterior propodeal projection: present. Setation of metasomal depression: present. Lateral propodeal area: undifferentiated from plical area. Plical carina: absent.Color of mesosoma: brown; black. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells; present as line of large cells. Transverse pronotal carina: present in posterodorsal corner of pronotum. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: without dorsal surface. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: broadly punctate; punctate rugulose; line of uniform punctures. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesColor of metasoma: brown; black; yellow anteriorly, brown posteriorly. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Interstitial sculpture of T1: smooth. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally and sparsely striate, medial striae not reaching posterior margin. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present in thin line along lateral edge. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: distinctly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: absent. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: absent; finely and densely punctate. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: absent. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: absent. Punctation of T6 in female: sparse along longitudinal midline and anterior margin, dense and fine laterally. Setation of S1: densely present throughout. Form of S2 felt field: line of dense setae along longitudinal ridge. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.Wing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: nebulous. Setation of hind wing: uniform throughout. Length of postmarginalis: punctiform. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.Paridris dnophos may be strikingly similar to Paridris nayakorum in coloration and shape of the body. Females may easily be separated by having only 1 basiconic sensillum on A8, versus 2 in Paridris nayakorum; by the absence of striation on T1; and the linear form of the posterior notaulus. The presence of an externally visible metascutellum serves well to separate Paridris dnophos in most cases, but this character should not be used alone given that a few specimens of have a large horn on T1 and reduced metascutellum. Etymology. The Greek epithet \u201cdnophos\u201d means \u201cdarkness\u201d and is given to this species for the color of its body. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.24Holotype, female: COLOMBIA: Magdalena Dept., Nevada de Santa Marta Mts., M.602, El Ramo, 10\u00b048'N, 73\u00b039'W, 2500m, 16.VIII\u201331.VIII.2000, Malaise trap, J. Cantillo, OSUC 191490 (deposited in IAVH). Paratypes:  BELIZE: 1 male, OSUC 396702 (CNCI). BOLIVIA: 6 females, 1 male, OSUC 396500\u2013396506 (CNCI).BRAZIL: 11 females, 6 males, OSUC 396460\u2013396466 (CNCI); OSUC 10784, 134086, 134501, 134639, 134819, 135102, 135623, 135736, 135771, 13589 (OSUC). COLOMBIA: 75 females, 63 males, OSUC 396298\u2013396348, 396600\u2013396603, 396647\u2013396650, 396683\u2013396686, 396711\u2013396712, 396731, 396750\u2013396751, 396771\u2013396772, 405110 (CNCI); OSUC 144070\u2013144071, 182832, 190858\u2013190859, 190972\u2013190973, 190976\u2013190977, 191484\u2013191485, 191488\u2013191489, 191492, 256817\u2013256818, 262129, 265241\u2013265242, 266115\u2013266121, 266124\u2013266125, 268899, 334195, 334200, 396594\u2013396599, 396604\u2013396605, 396729 (IAVH); OSUC 144067\u2013144069, 144124, 190971, 190974\u2013190975, 190978, 191486\u2013191487, 191491, 192195, 193122\u2013193123, 193236, 265243, 266114, 266122\u2013266123, 268896\u2013268898, 269528, 334196\u2013334197, 334199, 372630 (OSUC). COSTA RICA: 94 females, 29 males, OSUC 262123\u2013262124, 262127, 396350\u2013396351, 396354\u2013396355, 396359\u2013396361, 396363, 396374\u2013396375, 396377, 396379, 396382\u2013396386, 396411\u2013396416, 396422, 396429, 396431, 396434, 396450\u2013396459, 396467\u2013396487, 396507\u2013396508, 396526\u2013396527, 396534, 396549, 396551\u2013396552, 396555, 396557\u2013396560, 396678\u2013396679, 396682, 396695, 396698, 396704\u2013396706, 396709\u2013396710, 396720, 396725\u2013396727, 396732\u2013396737, 396745, 396752, 396754, 396757\u2013396769, 396773\u2013396782, 396800, 396812 (CNCI); OSUC 334191 (INBC). ECUADOR: 24 females, 50 males, OSUC 262125\u2013262126, 262133, 262141\u2013262144, 396364\u2013396370, 396421, 396433, 396514\u2013396516, 396536\u2013396537, 396614\u2013396625, 396646, 396651\u2013396672, 396674\u2013396676, 396770, 396783\u2013396789, 396794\u2013396795, 396801, 396807, 396811, 396813\u2013396814 (CNCI). EL SALVADOR: 40 females, OSUC 396398\u2013396405, 396423, 396432, 396538, 396582\u2013396593, 396626\u2013396637, 396713\u2013396714, 396721\u2013396722, 396809 (CNCI).FRENCH GUIANA: 3 females, 2 males, OSUC 396715\u2013396719 (CNCI). GUATEMALA: 1 female, OSUC 396753 (CNCI). HONDURAS: 4 females, 3 males, OSUC 396742\u2013396743 (CNCI); OSUC 334159\u2013334160, 334163\u2013334164, 334166 (MZLU). MEXICO: 2 females, 2 males, OSUC 396792\u2013396793, 396803\u2013396804 (CNCI). NICARAGUA: 9 females, 6 males, OSUC 396567\u2013396581 (CNCI). PANAMA: 37 females, 4 males, OSUC 160254 (AMNH); OSUC 262137\u2013262139, 396380\u2013396381, 396387\u2013396397, 396418\u2013396420, 396425\u2013396428, 396430, 396523\u2013396525, 396535, 396539, 396687\u2013396690, 396699\u2013396701, 396723\u2013396724, 396808 (CNCI); OSUC 334143 (TAMU). PERU: 3 females, OSUC 396728, 396790\u2013396791 (CNCI). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 17 females, 3 males, OSUC 262132, 396376, 396606\u2013396613, 396703, 396738\u2013396741, 396744, 396746\u2013396747, 396806, 396815 (CNCI). VENEZUELA: 52 females, 1 male, OSUC 262130\u2013262131, 262135, 262140, 396371\u2013396373, 396378, 396406\u2013396410, 396417, 396424, 396435\u2013396436, 396561\u2013396566,PageBreak 396638\u2013396645, 396691\u2013396694, 396696, 396707\u2013396708, 396730, 396748\u2013396749, 396755\u2013396756, 396796\u2013396799, 396802, 396805, 396816\u2013396817 (CNCI); OSUC 334192\u2013334193 (OSUC).Paridris dnophos occurs primarily in color and density of setation and punctation on the head and mesosoma. The antennae, legs, T1, and anterior T2 range from black to yellow; the head, mesosoma and remainder of the metasoma vary from black to brown. The setation of the head and dorsal mesosoma varies from white to golden yellow and may be extremely sparse to dense. The density of punctation and setation of the lateral pronotum are similarly variable.Morphological variation within Talamas & Masnersp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4B4388FC-3D6D-469E-82A1-A4CCB6507E12urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:284313http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_gongylos25Male body length: 1.17\u20131.47 mm (n=20).Color of head: black. Distal margin of clypeus: serrate. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: not receding or slightly bulging directly behind compound eye. Striae on gena: weakly indicated. Length of striae on gena: terminating below ventral margin of eye. Form of microsculpture on head: reticulate microfissures. Distribution of microsculpture on head: present throughout dorsal head. Length of OOL: greater than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: crenulate. Setation of postgena: dense. Ventral extent of occipital carina: absent below midpoint of foramen magnum.PageBreakrugose throughout. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: rugulose. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse lamella, posterior margin convex. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: fused. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: with blunt angle near intersection with metapleural sulcus. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: absent. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: punctate rugose. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: dense. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: undifferentiated from plical area. Plical carina: absent.PageBreakColor of mesosoma: reddish brown. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of large cells. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: narrow and striplike. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: punctate rugulose. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: present throughout. Pustulate microsculpture on anterior mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a smooth furrow; abbreviate, not reaching mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus. Orientation of notauli: converging posteriorly. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent; rugulose laterally, smooth medially. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: absent. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: areolate to punctate Color of metasoma: yellow anteriorly, brown posteriorly. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally strigose. Interstitial sculpture of T1: finely rugulose. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present in thin line along lateral edge. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: weakly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: absent. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Setation of S1: present throughout, moderately dense. Form of S2 felt field: line of dense setae along longitudinal ridge. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.Wing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: reduced anad of submarginal vein. Length of postmarginalis: punctiform. RS+M in fore wing: spectral.Paridris gongylos is closest morphologically with Paridris pallipes with which it shares the presence of very fine reticulate fissures throughout the dorsal head and mesosoma. The males, from which this species is known, have a crenulate occipital rim that distinguishes them from males of Paridris pallipes.The Greek word gongylos, meaning \u201crounded\u201d, is given to this species for the shape of its head and the curves of its metasoma. The epithet is treated as a noun in apposition.26Holotype, male: UNITED STATES: TN, Blount Co., Top of the World, old growth pine, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 35\u00b038'N, 83\u00b055'W, 670m, 30.VII\u201313.VIII.1998, Malaise trap, H. Alley, OSUC 334015 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: UNITED STATES: 22 males, OSUC 181281\u2013181282, 334016, 334018, 334020\u2013334028, 334268\u2013334272 (CNCI); OSUC 181280, 334017, 334019, 334273 (OSUC).Talamas & Masnersp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3AFAB6DC-FF98-4CF4-A0C5-2AD9085C13D1urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:299227http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_gorn27Female body length: 1.74\u20132.00 mm (n=20). Male body length: 1.75 mm (n=1).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.PageBreakhind compound eye. Striae on gena: pronounced. Length of striae on gena: extending above ventral margin of eye. Distribution of microsculpture on head: absent. Length of OOL: less than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: comprised of medium to large sized cells. Setation of postgena: sparse. Ventral extent of occipital carina: extending to base of mandible.Color of head: brown; black. Distal margin of clypeus: serrate. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye; extending to dorsal frons. Shape of gena in dorsal view: moderately receding bePageBreakerior half of pronotum. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: narrow and striplike. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: areolate. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent; irregularly rugulose. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: dense along mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus, otherwise sparse. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: absent. Pustulate microsculpture on anterior mesoscutum: present. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: moderately dense. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a smooth furrow; percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a line of punctures. Orientation of notauli: converging posteriorly. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugose along margins, smooth medially. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: absent; present only anterodorsally. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: large. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: areolate to punctate rugose throughout. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: bispinose. Form of metascutellum in male: bispinose. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: separate. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: absent. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: punctate rugose. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: indicated by sparser degree of setation. Plical carina: indistinguishable from propodeal sculpture except at posterior apex; present. Shape of lateral propodeal area: continuous with prespiracular propodeal area. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: punctate rugulose.Color of mesosoma: brown; black. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as smooth furrow. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells; present as line of large cells. Transverse pronotal carina: present in postColor of metasoma: brown; black. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Interstitial sculpture of T1: finely rugulose. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present throughout lateral surface of tergite. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: straight. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: present. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: present. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: weakly longitudinally strigose; absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: absent; weakly longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: longitudinally striate. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: present. Punctation of T6 in female: densely and finely punctate throughout. Setation of S1: absent. Form of S2 felt field: longitudinal row or patch of setigerous punctures. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.Wing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: reduced anad of submarginal vein. Length of postmarginalis: approximately equal to length of stigmalis. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.Paridris gorn is most similar to P. soucouyant, particularly in the bispinose shape of the metascutellum and punctate-rugose sculpture of the head. These two species may be separated by the sculpture of T4\u2013T5: punctate-rugose in Paridris soucouyant, smooth in Paridris gorn. Additionally, females of Paridris gorn have a horn on T1 that is either smooth or has shallow punctures along its longitudinal midline. In Paridris soucouyant a carina is present along the dorsal crest of the horn.This species is named after a reptilian alien race from the original Star Trek television series for the similar appearance of their compound eyes. The epithet is treated as a noun in apposition.28Holotype, female: UNITED STATES: OH, Franklin Co., vegetation / along railroad tracks, Columbus, 39\u00b059'21\"N, 82\u00b059'41\"W, 11.VI\u201313.VI.2011, yellow pan trap, E. Talamas, OSUC 405092 (deposited in OSUC). Paratypes: UNITED STATES: 45 females, 2 males, OSUC 181260\u2013181267, 334048\u2013334070, 396553\u2013396554 (CNCI); OSUC 256459, 405080\u2013405091, 405109 (OSUC).Talamas & Masnersp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 107F45BB-5157-4A45-BFC9-A270F01C2089urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298864http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_invicta29Male body length: 2.39 mm (n=1).Color of head: black. Distal margin of clypeus: smooth. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: moderately receding behind compound eye. Striae on gena: pronounced. Length of striae on gena: extending above ventral margin of eye. Distribution of microsculpture on head: absent. Length of OOL: less than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: crenulate. Setation of postgena: sparse. Ventral extent of occipital carina: extending to base of mandible.PageBreak posteriorly. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugose along margins, smooth medially. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: absent. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: moderately punctate. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: rugulose. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse lamella, posterior margin convex. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: separate. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: with blunt angle near intersection with metapleural sulcus. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: absent. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: smooth. Sculpture PageBreakof metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: raised above plical area and indicated by sparser setation. Plical carina: present. Shape of lateral propodeal area: separated from prespiracular propodeal area. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: weakly to moderately rugose.Color of mesosoma: mesoscutellum brown, otherwise golden orange. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as smooth furrow. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Transverse pronotal carina: present in posterior half of pronotum. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: narrow and striplike. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: areolate. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: dense along mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus, otherwise sparse. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: absent. Pustulate microsculpture on anterior mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a smooth furrow. Orientation of notauli: convergingColor of metasoma: banded in pale and dark brown. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally strigose. Interstitial sculpture of T1: finely rugulose. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present throughout lateral surface of tergite. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: weakly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: absent. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Setation of S1: present as medial tuft. Form of S2 felt field: longitudinal row or patch of setigerous punctures. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.Wing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: reduced anad of submarginal vein. Length of postmarginalis: punctiform. RS+M in fore wing: spectral.Paridris invicta is unique among the New World species of Paridris. In members of the Paridris pallipes species group the plica is absent and thus there is no distinction between the plical area and lateral propodeal area. In other New World species the plica is well developed and the lateral propodeal area is contiguous with the prespiracular propodeal area. In Paridris invicta, the plica is distinct, and separates the plical area from the lateral propodeal area, and the lateral propodeal area is not contiguous with the prespiracular propodeal area; by this character alone it may be separated. In addition, the enlarged femora and dense, elongate setation of the head and mesosoma serve well to identify this species.The form of the lateral propodeal area in The Latin adjectival epithet \u201cinvicta\u201d means \u201cunconquered\u201d or \u201cstrong\u201d. It is given to this species for the large size of its legs and its powerful appearance.30Holotype, male: BRAZIL: SP, Trilha da Anta, Base Barra Grande, MT B2, Intervales State Park, 13.XII\u201316.XII.2000, Malaise trap, M. T. Tavares et al., OSUC 236922 (deposited in MZSP).Talamas & Masnersp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 35C0E36A-79D9-4882-8B96-FDBD1E36E022urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238223http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_isabelicae31PageBreakFemale body length: 1.43\u20131.99 mm (n=10). Male body length: 1.48\u20131.96 mm (n=18).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.PageBreaklateral ocellus, and posterior to lateral ocellus. Length of OOL: greater than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: simple. Setation of postgena: dense. Ventral extent of occipital carina: absent below midpoint of foramen magnum.Color of head: yellow; black; reddish brown. Distal margin of clypeus: smooth. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: moderately receding behind compound eye. Striae on gena: weakly indicated. Length of striae on gena: terminating below ventral margin of eye. Form of microsculpture on head: reticulate microfissures. Distribution of microsculpture on head: present only on temples, between median and Color of mesosoma: yellow; reddish brown. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells; present as line of large cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of large cells. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: without dorsal surface. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: line of uniform punctures. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: absent. Pustulate microsculpture on anterior mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a smooth furrow. Orientation of notauli: parallel. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: parallel-sided. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: present, complete. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: densely punctate; moderately punctate. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: transverse lamella, pointed medially. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse lamella, pointed medially; transverse lamella, posterior margin convex. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: fused. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: absent. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: faintly rugulose. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: present. Lateral propodeal area: undifferentiated from plical area. Plical carina: absent.PageBreakColor of metasoma: yellow; reddish brown; yellowish brown. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Interstitial sculpture of T1: smooth. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: weakly longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present in thin line along lateral edge. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: distinctly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: absent. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: longitudinally striate; absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: weakly longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: weakly longitudinally striate. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: present. Punctation of T6 in female: densely and finely punctate throughout. Setation of S1: densely present throughout. Form of S2 felt field: line of dense setae along longitudinal ridge. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.Wing development: macropterous; brachypterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: reduced anad of submarginal vein. Length of postmarginalis: punctiform. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.Paridris isabelicae is similar to Paridris convexa and Paridris saurotos. Females of Paridris saurotos have a posteriorly projecting spine on the horn of T1, and those of Paridris convexa have a small transverse carina at the base of the horn. The horn of T1 is smooth in Paridris isabelicae. Males of Paridris isabelicae may be separated from the males of both other species by the presence of longitudinal striation on S2 medially.This species is named for Cafetal La Isabelica, a coffee plantation where the holotype was collected. The epithet is treated as a noun in the genitive case.32Holotype, female: CUBA: Santiago de Cuba Prov., La Isabelica, elfin forest, Gran Piedra Mountain, 1100m, 14.XII.1995, S. B. Peck, OSUC 334036 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes:  CUBA: 22 females, 16 males, OSUC 181295\u2013181297, 334029, 334031\u2013334032, 334034\u2013334035, 334037, 334039, 334041\u2013334047, 405059\u2013405075 (CNCI); OSUC 334030, 334033, 334038, 334040 (OSUC). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 1 female, 5 males, OSUC 181344, 181384, 396496\u2013396497, 396499 (CNCI); OSUC 396498 (OSUC).Talamas & Masnersp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A382D0D8-F6F7-4BDD-A532-D5A2C31FBCEEurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:299225http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_lemete33Female body length: 2.16\u20132.35 mm (n=7). Male body length: 1.70\u20132.35 mm (n=20).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 2.Color of head: black; reddish brown. Distal margin of clypeus: serrate. Width of clypeus: equal to or less than width of interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: connecting with clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: moderately receding behind compound eye. Striae on gena: pronounced. Length of striae on gena: extending above ventral margin of eye. Distribution of microsculpture on head: absent. Length of OOL: less than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: comprised of small to miniscule cells. Setation of postgena: sparse. Ventral extent of occipital carina: extending to base of mandible.PageBreakstriplike. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: areolate. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: dense along mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus, otherwise sparse. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a smooth furrow; percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a line of punctures; abbreviate, not reaching mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus. Orientation of notauli: parallel. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugose along margins, smooth medially. Postacetabular sulcus: smoothlyPageBreak furrowed. Mesopleural carina: absent. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: very fine; absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: smooth with punctures or rugulae along prespiracular sulcus. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: transverse punctate rugulose lamella, posterior margin approximately straight. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse punctate rugulose lamella, posterior margin approximately straight. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: separate. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: with blunt angle near intersection with metapleural sulcus. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: smooth. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: raised above plical area and indicated by sparser setation. Plical carina: present. Shape of lateral propodeal area: continuous with prespiracular propodeal area. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: rugose.Color of mesosoma: yellow; reddish brown; yellowish brown. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as smooth furrow. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Transverse pronotal carina: present in posterior half of pronotum. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: narrow and Color of metasoma: yellow; reddish brown; yellowish brown. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Interstitial sculpture of T1: smooth; finely rugulose. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: longitudinal median carina on dorsal surface, forming small point posteriorly. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: present. Setal patch of lateral T2: present throughout lateral surface of tergite. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: straight. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: present. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: present. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: weakly longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: weakly longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: longitudinally striate. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: present. Punctation of T6 in female: densely and finely punctate throughout. Setation of S1: sparsely distributed throughout. Form of S2 felt field: longitudinal row or patch of setigerous punctures. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.Wing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: uniform throughout. Length of postmarginalis: approximately equal to length of stigmalis. RS+M in fore wing: spectral.Paridris lemete is very similar to Paridris aenea. The additional basiconic sensillum present on A8 provides a straightforward character to separate the females of these species. Males of Paridris lemete are best separated from Paridris aenea by the smooth sculpture of the ventral mesopleuron.The species epithet is derived from the Spanish phrase \u201cle mete,\u201d slang in Puerto Rico for \u201cit is awesome\u201d, which we which we consider to be appropriate for this species. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.34Holotype, female: PUERTO RICO: Aguas Buenas Mpio., guano, Aguas Buenas Cave, 30.V.1974, Berlese funnel, S. Peck, OSUC 334096 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: PUERTO RICO: 6 females, 20 males, OSUC 181371, 334086\u2013334089, 334091\u2013334093, 334097, 396069, 396437\u2013396442, 396444\u2013396448 (CNCI); OSUC 334090, 334094\u2013334095, 396443, 396449 (OSUC).Talamassp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B6871632-ABE8-4476-94E2-0BFFACB1D30Curn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238224http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_minor35Female body length: 1.11 mm (n=1). Male body length: 1.10 mm (n=1).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.Color of head: yellow; reddish brown. Distal margin of clypeus: smooth. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: two. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: not receding or slightly bulging directly behind compound eye. Striae on gena: weakly indicated. Length of striae on gena: terminating below ventral margin of eye. Form of microsculpture on head: reticulate microfissures. Distribution of microsculpture on head: present throughout dorsal head. Length of OOL: greater than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: simple. Setation of postgena: dense. Ventral extent of occipital carina: absent below midpoint of foramen magnum.PageBreak Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: punctate. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: undifferentiated from plical area. Plical carina: absent.Color of mesosoma: yellow. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Transverse pronotal carina: present in posterior half of pronotum; present in posterodorsal corner of pronotum. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: narrow and striplike. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: broadly punctate. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: present throughout. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a smooth furrow. Orientation of notauli: converging posteriorly. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: absent. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: densely punctate. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: transverse lamella, pointed medially. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse lamella, pointed medially. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: present throughout.PageBreakabsent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present throughout lateral surface of tergite. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: distinctly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: absent. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: absent. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: absent. Setation of S1: densely present throughout. Form of S2 felt field: line of dense setae along longitudinal ridge.Color of metasoma: yellow anteriorly, brown posteriorly. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: transverse ridge at base of horn. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: Wing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: uniform throughout. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.Paridris minor shares with Paridris convexa, Paridris gongylos, and Paridris laeviceps the presence of reticulate microsculpture throughout the head. The females differ from Paridris convexa most notably by the shape of T6 which is not constricted in its apical half and from the females of Paridris laeviceps by the complete notaulus. Males of Paridris minor may be separated from these speces by the combination of the complete notaulus, a non-crenulate occipital rim and antennomeres 6\u201311 that are less than 3 times as long as wide.This species is named for its diminutive size. The Latin epithet \u201cminor\u201d is treated as a noun in apposition.36Holotype, female: CUBA: Santiago de Cuba Prov., botanical garden, Santiago de Cuba, 10m, 4.XII\u201317.XII.1995, yellow pan trap, L. Masner, OSUC 181298 (deposited in CNCI). Paratype: CUBA: 1 male, OSUC 265158 (CNCI).Talamassp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A72DF0F7-1FA3-4C3D-962A-071D91F6D894urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:299224http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_nayakorum37Female body length: 1.59\u20131.91 mm (n=19).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 2.PageBreak head: present only on anterodorsal margin of eye, temples, and posterior to lateral ocellus. Length of OOL: greater than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: simple. Setation of postgena: dense. Ventral extent of occipital carina: absent below midpoint of foramen magnum.Color of head: black. Distal margin of clypeus: serrate. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: strongly receding behind compound eye. Striae on gena: weakly indicated. Length of striae on gena: terminating below ventral margin of eye. Form of microsculpture on head: reticulate microfissures. Distribution of microsculpture onPageBreakcutum: moderate. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: present only along predicted notaular line. Pustulate microsculpture on anterior mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: moderately dense. Notaulus: present as single round depression at posterior margin of mesoscutum. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: comprised of distinct, closed cells. Mesopleural carina: absent. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: smooth. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: obscured by horn of T1. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: fused. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: present throughout. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: punctate. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: densely punctate. Setation of metapleural triangle: dense. Anterior propodeal projection: present. Setation of metasomal depression: present. Lateral propodeal area: undifferentiated from plical area. Plical carina: absent.Color of mesosoma: black. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of large cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of large cells. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: without dorsal surface. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: line of uniform punctures. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesosColor of metasoma: brown; black. Macrosculpture of T1: absent. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: absent; longitudinal median carina at base of horn. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: striate anteriorly, with few striae reaching T3. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present in thin line along lateral edge. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: distinctly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: absent. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: absent. Punctation of T6 in female: moderately dense along anterior margin. Setation of S1: densely present throughout. Form of S2 felt field: line of dense setae along longitudinal ridge. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.Wing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: uniform throughout. Length of postmarginalis: punctiform. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.Paridris nayakorum is most similar to Paridris dnophos, and may be separated easily by the presence of two basiconic sensilla on A8, the ovoid and abbreviate form of the notaulus, and the absence of longitudinal striae on T1. The large horn of T1 in Paridris nayakorum obscures the metascutellum in all specimens examined in this revision and is useful for separating it from most species of Paridris.Etymology. Paridris nayakorum is named to commemorate the marriage of Dr. David A. Nayak (USA) and Alicia Rae Sim (USA), two friends of the first author.38Holotype, female: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Prov., Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, 25.V.1993, flight intercept trap, Michalski, OSUC 396697 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: COSTA RICA: 18 females, OSUC 262118\u2013262121, 262128, 396349, 396352, 396356, 396358, 396362, 396677, 396680\u2013396681, 396810 (CNCI); OSUC 262122, 396353, 396357, 396556 (OSUC).PageBreakParidris dnophos.Although the males of the species are not yet known, we speculate that they will have a short ovoid notaulus and mesosomal sulci comprised of large cells, and that these characters will separate them from the males of (Ashmead)urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AF247306-37C6-41BA-B95A-DBF47D70E193urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5079http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_pallipes39Thoron pallipes Ashmead, 1887: 99 ; Thoron pallidipes Ashmead: Paridris pallipes40 (Ashmead): Idris laeviceps Ashmead, 1893: 235 , syn. n.Idris leviceps Dalla Torre, 1898: 497 (unjustified emendation).Paridris leviceps : Paridris laeviceps41 (Ashmead): Idris nigricornis Brues, 1903: 126 , syn. n.; Brues 1916: 555 (description).Paridris nigricornis42 (Brues): Paridris brevipennis43 Fouts, 1920: 66 , syn. n.; Female body length: 1.35\u20131.99 mm (n=20). Male body length: 1.32\u20131.95 mm (n=20).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.PageBreaking into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: not receding or slightly bulging directly behind compound eye. Striae on gena: weakly indicated. Length of striae on gena: terminating below ventral margin of eye. Form of microsculpture on head: reticulate microfissures; pustulate. Distribution of microsculpture on head: present throughout dorsal head. Length of OOL: greater than 2 ocellar diameters; less than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior marginPageBreak of occipital carina: simple. Setation of postgena: dense. Ventral extent of occipital carina: absent below midpoint of foramen magnum.Color of head: brown; black; reddish brown. Distal margin of clypeus: serrate. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projectColor of mesosoma: brown; black; reddish brown. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of large cells. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: narrow and striplike. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: broadly punctate. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: dense along mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus, otherwise sparse. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: present throughout. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: dense; moderately dense. Notaulus: abbreviate, not reaching mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus; present as single round depression at posterior margin of mesoscutum. Orientation of notauli: parallel. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: absent. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: densely punctate. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: transverse lamella, posterior margin convex. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse lamella, posterior margin convex. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: fused. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: with blunt angle near intersection with metapleural sulcus. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: present throughout. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: punctate. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: densely punctate. Setation of metapleural triangle: dense. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: undifferentiated from plical area. Plical carina: absent.Color of metasoma: brown; black; reddish brown. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Interstitial sculpture of T1: finely rugulose. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present in thin line along lateral edge. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: distinctly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: absent. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: absent. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: absent. Setation of S1: densely present throughout. Form of S2 felt field: line of dense setae along longitudinal ridge. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate.Wing development: macropterous; brachypterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: uniform throughout. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.Paridris pallipes are similar to those of Paridris gongylos and may be easily separated by the simple occipital carina versus the crenulate occipital rim in Paridris gongylos. The dense microsculpture throughout the head and anterior mesosoma, absence of a transverse carina on T2 and smoothly convex posterior margin of T6 render the females of this species morphologically distinct among the specimens treated here.Males of 44Spartina alterniflora Loisel.: [Cyperales: Poaceae]; collected on alfalfa : [Fabales: Fabaceae]; collected on arroz : [Cyperales: Poaceae]collected on Holotype, Thoron pallipes: UNITED STATES: Jacksnville, Fla; Type; type No. 24485 U.S.N.M.; Thoron pallipes Ashm. (USNM). Holotype, male, Idris laeviceps: UNITED STATES: VA, Arlington Co., Arlington, no date, USNM Type No. 24541 (deposited in USNM). Lectotype, Idris nigricornis: UNITED STATES: Mixed nest Myr-Lepto, Colebrook [CT], 9-10-01; LECTOTYPE Idris nigricornis Brues By L. Masner, 65; Idris nigricornis TYPES Brues; M.C.Z. type 31016 (MCZC). Holotype, Paridris brevipennis: UNITED STATES: Reared from eggs of Gryllus abbreviatus; Brookings S.D.; H.C. Severin Coll.; Type; Paridris brevipennis (MS) Fouts (USNM). Other material:  BELIZE: 1 female, OSUC 181339 (CNCI). BRAZIL: 1 male, OSUC 323902 (OSUC). CANADA: 22 females, 25 males, OSUC 181096\u2013181108, 181144, 181146, 181155\u2013181156, 181167, 181169, 181175\u2013181177, 334254\u2013334258, 396139\u2013396140, 396147\u2013396158, 396183, 396235, 396240\u2013396243 (CNCI). COSTA RICA: 3 males, OSUC 181333, 181395, 396126 (CNCI). CUBA: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC 436228\u2013436229 (USNM). GUATEMALA: 1 female, OSUC 181365 (CNCI). MEXICO: 5 females, 2 males, OSUC 181180\u2013181181, 181311, 181313, 396281, 396522 (CNCI); OSUC 436232 (USNM). UNITED STATES: 126 females, 121 males, OSUC 334293 (AMNH); CASENT 2042379\u20132042381, 2042383, 2042385, 2042387, 2042389\u20132042391 (CASC); OSUC 181109\u2013181143, 181145, 181147, 181149\u2013181154, 181157\u2013181166, 181168, 181170\u2013181174, 181178\u2013181179, 181182\u2013181185, 181279, 265156, 334259\u2013334264, 396129\u2013396138, 396141\u2013396146, 396159\u2013396182, 396184\u2013396234, 396236\u2013396239, 396270\u2013396273, 396282\u2013396297 (CNCI); OSUC 78732\u201378742 (MEMU); OSUC 141974, 176003, 207783, 254612, 256488, 256630\u2013256631, 256784\u2013256789, 266151\u2013266155, 411762, 58699\u201358702 (OSUC); OSUC 205736 (UCDC); OSUC 157734, 157760 (UCMC); OSUC 436200\u2013436206, 436208\u2013436212 (USNM).Paridris pallipes exhibits remarkably little morphological variation for the large size of its geographical distribution. One specimen from Costa Rica, OSUC 265167, fits neatly into our concept of Paridris pallipes with the exception that it has a posteriorly directed spine on T1. Consequently, this specimen is determined only as Paridris until more specimens are available to assess if this is a morphological variation within Paridris pallipes, or if it should be treated as a separate species. The females of this species have macropterous and brachypterous forms. The lone specimen record of Paridris pallipes from Brazil (OSUC 323902) is worthy of mention because of its distance from any other specimen records, and may indicate that this species has been introduced to Brazil by humans.PageBreakTalamas & Masnersp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F34200C7-2A71-4E1F-A363-D868DA380CEAurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:284314http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_psydrax45Female body length: 1.63\u20132.15 mm (n=5). Male body length: 1.79\u20131.93 mm (n=4).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.Color of head: brown; black; reddish brown. Distal margin of clypeus: serrate. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: two; one. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: not receding or slightly bulging directly behind compound eye. Striae on gena: pronounced. Length of striae on gena: extending above ventral margin of eye. Form of microsculpture on head: pustulate. Distribution of microsculpture on head: present throughout dorsal head. Length of OOL: greater than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: absent. Anterior margin of occipital carina: rounded. Setation of postgena: sparse. Ventral extent of occipital carina: extending to base of mandible.PageBreakof lateral propodeal area: continuous with prespiracular propodeal area. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: punctate rugulose.Color of mesosoma: brown; black. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Transverse pronotal carina: present in posterior half of pronotum. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: narrow and striplike. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: areolate; punctate rugulose. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: absent. Pustulate microsculpture on anterior mesoscutum: present. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a line of punctures. Orientation of notauli: converging posteriorly. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugose along margins, smooth medially. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: present, complete. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: finely punctate. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: obscured by horn of T1. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse punctate rugulose lamella, posterior margin approximately straight. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: separate. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: straight to moderately convex. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: absent. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: faintly rugulose. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: raised above plical area and indicated by sparser setation. Plical carina: present. Shape PageBreak sulcus on T2 in male: present. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: present. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: absent; reticulate. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: absent; longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: weakly longitudinally striate; absent. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent; longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: present. Punctation of T6 in female: densely and finely punctate throughout; sparse along longitudinal midline and anterior margin, dense and fine laterally. Form of S2 felt field: longitudinal row or patch of setigerous punctures. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: crenulate. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.Color of metasoma: brown; reddish brown; yellowish brown. Macrosculpture of T1: rugose reticulate. Interstitial sculpture of T1: finely rugulose. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: reticulate rugose throughout; reticulate; longitudinally strigose throughout. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally strigose; weakly reticulate rugose. Microsculpture on T2: present. Setal patch of lateral T2: present throughout lateral surface of tergite. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: weakly convex. Carina along posterior margin of transverseWing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: reduced anad of submarginal vein. Length of postmarginalis: approximately half of length of stigmalis. RS+M in fore wing: spectral.Paridris psydrax is a distinct species that is superficially similar to Paridris pallipes and Paridris gongylos in the dense microsculpture of the head and mesosoma. Females of Paridris psydrax may be identified by the large horn that obscures the metascutellum and the presence of a carina that posteriorly borders the transverse sulcus of T2. Males are best identified by the spherical shape of the antennal flagellomeres, the transverse carina on T2, and the presence of microsculpture on the head and mesosoma.The Greek epithet psydrax, meaning \u201cblister\u201d, is given to the species for the pustulate microsculpture of the head and mesosoma. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.46Holotype, female: ARGENTINA: Formosa Prov., 50km NW Clorinda, herbaceous vegetation, 90-121, R\u00edo Pilcomayo National Park, 19.XII.1990, sweeping, S. Peck & J. Peck, OSUC 181374 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes:  MEXICO: 1 male, OSUC 218772 (INHS). PARAGUAY: 3 females, OSUC 334217, 404962\u2013404963 (OSUC). UNITED STATES: 3 females, 4 males, OSUC 181273\u2013181274, 181276\u2013181278 (CNCI); OSUC 181275 (LACM); OSUC 436207 (USNM). VENEZUELA: 1 female, OSUC 181378 (CNCI).Talamassp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1215ADEB-B74E-47BA-9463-2D58A3EDC8C2urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:299091http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_saurotos47Female body length: 2.00\u20132.88 mm (n=17). Male body length: 2.02\u20132.62 mm (n=10).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.PageBreakColor of head: black; reddish brown. Distal margin of clypeus: smooth. Width of clypeus: wider than interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: projecting into acute angle. Development of interantennal process ventrally: not reaching clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: not receding or slightly bulging directly behind compound eye. Striae on gena: weakly indicated. Length of striae on gena: terminating below ventral margin of eye. Form of microsculpture on head: reticulate microfissures. Distribution of microsculpture on head: present only between median and lateral ocellus and on temples, in females present posterior to lateral ocellus. Length of OOL: greaPageBreakter than 2 ocellar diameters; less than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: simple. Setation of postgena: dense. Ventral extent of occipital carina: absent below midpoint of foramen magnum.Color of mesosoma: reddish brown; yellowish brown. Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Transverse pronotal carina: absent. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: without dorsal surface. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: line of uniform punctures. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: dense along mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus, otherwise sparse; moderate. Reticulate microfissures on anterior half of medial mesoscutum: present only along notaulus. Pustulate microsculpture on anterior mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: moderately dense. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a smooth furrow; percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a line of punctures; abbreviate, not reaching mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus. Orientation of notauli: parallel. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugose. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: present, complete. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral depression: densely punctate; moderately punctate. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: transverse lamella, pointed medially. Form of metascutellum in male: transverse lamella, pointed medially. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: fused. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: with blunt angle near intersection with metapleural sulcus. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: absent. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: smooth. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: finely punctate. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense; sparse. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: present. Lateral propodeal area: undifferentiated from plical area. Plical carina: absent.PageBreakMacrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Constriction of apical T6 in female: present. Punctation of T6 in female: densely and finely punctate throughout. Setation of S1: densely present throughout. Form of S2 felt field: line of dense setae along longitudinal ridge. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: absent. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.Color of metasoma: yellow; reddish brown; yellowish brown. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Interstitial sculpture of T1: smooth. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: posteriorly projecting spine. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally and sparsely striate, medial striae not reaching posterior margin. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally and sparsely striate, medial striae not reaching posterior margin. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present in thin line along lateral edge. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in male: absent. Carina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: weakly longitudinally striate; present as 1 or 2 strigae along junction of dorsal and lateral surfaces. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in male: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in male: weakly longitudinally striate; present as 1 or 2 strigae along junction of dorsal and lateral surfaces; absent. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: absent. Wing development: macropterous; brachypterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: uniform throughout. Length of postmarginalis: less than half of length of stigmalis. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.Paridris saurotos is most similiar to Paridris convexa and Paridris isabelicae with which it shares elongate flagellomeres in males. The females may be quickly separated by the posteriorly directed spine on the horn of T1. Males of Paridris saurotos are best separated from Paridris isabelicae by the smooth sculpture of medial S2, which is longitudinally striate in the latter; and from Paridris convexa by the absence of microsculpture throughout the posterodorsal head.The Greek \u201csaurotos\u201d, meaning \u201cspiked\u201d, refers to the posteriorly projecting spine on the horn of T1 in this species. The epithet is treated as a noun in apposition.48Holotype, female: JAMAICA: Saint Andrew Parish, Hardwar Gap, 4000ft, 29.VII.1966, Howden & Becker, OSUC 262111 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes:JAMAICA: 17 females, 10 males, OSUC 181357, 181373, 262106\u2013262110, 262136, 265169\u2013265172, 396245\u2013396249, 396251\u2013396253, 396256, 396268 (CNCI); OSUC 181394, 396244, 396250, 396254\u2013396255 (OSUC).Talamas & Masnersp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6EB3AE9A-9AC3-4C27-B60E-35B876FA91CDurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298592http://species-id.net/wiki/Paridris_soucouyant49Female body length: 1.36\u20131.49 mm (n=5).Number of basiconic sensilla on A8: 1.PageBreak dorsally, smooth laterally. Setation of postgena: sparse. Ventral extent of occipital carina: extending to base of mandible.Color of head: reddish brown; yellowish brown. Distal margin of clypeus: serrate. Width of clypeus: equal to or less than width of interantennal process. Lateral corner of clypeus: rounded. Development of interantennal process ventrally: connecting with clypeus. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Length of mediofacial striae: not extending above midpoint of eye. Shape of gena in dorsal view: not receding or slightly bulging directly behind compound eye. Striae on gena: pronounced. Length of striae on gena: extending above ventral margin of eye. Distribution of microsculpture on head: absent. Length of OOL: greater than 2 ocellar diameters; less than 2 ocellar diameters. Occipital carina above foramen magnum: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: rugose parallel to occipital carina; widely crenulatePageBreakon anterior half of medial mesoscutum: absent. Density of punctation on posterior medial mesoscutum: sparse. Notaulus: absent; abbreviate, not reaching mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus. Orientation of notauli: parallel. Shape of notaulus at posterior apex: ovoid. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: punctate rugose. Postacetabular sulcus: crenulate. Mesopleural carina: present, complete. Punctures on posterodorsal mesepimeral area: absent. Sculpture of mesopleuron anteroventral to femoral deprePageBreakssion: areolate to punctate rugose throughout. Sculpture of posterior mesepimeral area: smooth. Form of metascutellum in female: bispinose. Form of metascutellum in male: bispinose. Paracoxal and metapleural sulci: separate. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: straight to moderately convex. Setation between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: absent. Sculpture between metapleural triangle and metapleural sulcus: punctate rugose. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Anterior propodeal projection: absent. Setation of metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal area: raised above plical area and indicated by sparser setation. Plical carina: present. Shape of lateral propodeal area: connected to posteromedial corner of prespiracular propodeal area. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: rugose.Color of mesosoma: reddish brown; yellowish brown.Dorsal half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as smooth furrow. Ventral half of pronotal cervical sulcus: present as line of small to minute cells. Transverse pronotal carina: present in posterior half of pronotum. Shape of pronotal shoulder in dorsal view: narrow and striplike. Form of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: areolate. Macrosculpture of anterior medial mesoscutum: punctate rugose. Density of punctation on anterior medial mesoscutum: dense along mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus, otherwise sparse. Reticulate microfissures PageBreakCarina along posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2 in female: present. Microsculpture on T3: present. Macrosculpture of T3 medially in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T3 laterally in female: longitudinally strigose. Microsculpture on T4: present. Macrosculpture of T4 medially in female: absent; rugulose. Macrosculpture of T4 laterally in female: rugulose; longitudinally strigose. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent along midline, rugulose laterally. Constriction of apical T6 in female: present. Punctation of T6 in female: densely and finely punctate throughout. Setation of S1: sparsely distributed throughout; absent. Macrosculpture of S2 medially: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of S3: absent.Color of metasoma: yellowish brown; yellow anteriorly, brown posteriorly. Macrosculpture of T1: longitudinally striate. Interstitial sculpture of T1: finely rugulose. Adornment of horn on T1 in female: longitudinal median carina on dorsal surface, forming small point posteriorly. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Setal patch of lateral T2: present throughout lateral surface of tergite. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: straight. Wing development: macropterous. Basal vein in hind wing: spectral. Setation of hind wing: uniform throughout. Length of postmarginalis: approximately equal to length of stigmalis. RS+M in fore wing: nebulous.Paridris soucouyant is most similar to Paridris gorn, with which it shares coarse punctation of the head and a characteristic shape of the metascutellum. The two are best separated by the presence of a longitudinal carina on the horn of T1 and rugulose sculpture of lateral T4\u2013T5 in Paridris soucouyant. Etymology. This species is named for the soucouyant (pronounced sue-coo-yah) of Trinidadian folklore: a vampiric character that takes the form of a fireball and sucks the blood of its victims. The specific epithet is treated as a noun in apposition.Among the species of the New World, 50Holotype, female: TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Tunapuna/Piarco Reg., Trinidad Isl., Santa Margarita Circular Road, Curepe, 13.VII\u201331.VIII.1974, E. D. Bennett, OSUC 396058 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes:  COLOMBIA: 1 male, OSUC 181401 (IAVH). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 3 females, OSUC 396063\u2013396065 (CNCI).VENEZUELA: 1 female, OSUC 181397 (CNCI).(Kieffer), comb. n.http://species-id.net/wiki/Probaryconus_opacus51Baryconus opacus Kieffer, 1910a: 320, 321 .Baryconus (Baryconus) opacus Kieffer: Paranteris opacus (Kieffer): Paridris opaca (Kieffer): Baryconus opacus from Brazil, and later transferred it to Paranteris, a genus synonymized with Paridris by Masner in Baryconus (Paridris opaca belongs in Probaryconus, a genus prone to confusion with Paridris.PageBreakKieffer described aryconus , Paridri"}
{"text": "The name of the first author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Smiths Lueong. The correct citation is: Lueong S, Simo G, Camara M, Jamonneau V, Kabore J, et al. (2013) The miRNA and mRNA Signatures of Peripheral Blood Cells in Humans Infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. PLoS ONE 8(6): e67312. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067312."}
{"text": "The fifth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Mary Beth Manjerovic. The correct citation is: Scantlebury M, Danek-Gontard M, Bateman PW, Bennett NC, Manjerovic MB, et al. (2012) Seasonal Patterns of Body Temperature Daily Rhythms in Group-Living Cape Ground Squirrels Xerus inauris. PLoS ONE 7(4): e36053. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036053"}
{"text": "The fifth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: William C. Aird. The correct abbreviation in the Contributions section is: WCA.The correct citation is: O\u2019Donnell RK, Goldstein WE, Perruzzi C, Benjamin LE, Aird WC (2013) Overexpression of MyrAkt1 in Endothelial Cells Leads to Erythropoietin- and BMP4-Independent Splenic Erythropoiesis in Mice. PLoS ONE 8(1): e55095. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055095."}
{"text": "AbstractOxyscelio (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s.l.) are revised. A total of 90 species are recognized as valid, 19 of which are redescribed - Oxyscelio acutiventris (Kieffer), Oxyscelio brevinervis (Kieffer), Oxyscelio carinatus (Kieffer), Oxyscelio ceylonensis (Dodd), Oxyscelio consobrinus (Kieffer), Oxyscelio crassicornis (Kieffer), Oxyscelio cupularis (Kieffer), Oxyscelio dorsalis (Kieffer), Oxyscelio excavatus (Kieffer), Oxyscelio flavipennis (Kieffer), Oxyscelio florus Kononova, Oxyscelio foveatus Kieffer, Oxyscelio kiefferi Dodd, Oxyscelio magnus (Kieffer), Oxyscelio marginalis (Kieffer), Oxyscelio naraws Kozlov & L\u00ea, Oxyscelio perpensus Kononova, Oxyscelio rugosus (Kieffer) and Oxyscelio spinosiceps (Kieffer), and 71 which are described as new - Oxyscelio aclavae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio amrichae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio anguli Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio angustifrons Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio angustinubbin Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio arcus Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio arvi Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio asperi Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio aureamediocritas Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio bipunctuum Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio brevidentis Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio caesitas Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio capilli Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio capitis Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio cavinetrion Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio chimaerae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio codae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio convergens Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio cordis Burks, sp. n., PageBreakOxyscelio crateris Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio crebritas Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio crustum Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio cuculli Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio cyrtomesos Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio dasymesos Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio dasynoton Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio dermatoglyphes Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio doumao Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio fistulae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio flabellae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio flaviventris Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio fodiens Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio fossarum Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio fossularum Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio genae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio granorum Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio granuli Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio greenacus Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio halmaherae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio intermedietas Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio jaune Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio jugi Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio kramatos Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio labis Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio lacunae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio latinubbin Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio latitudinis Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio limae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio longiventris Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio mesiodentis Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio mollitia Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio nasolabii Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio nodorum Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio noduli Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio nubbin Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio obsidiani Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio ogive Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio operimenti Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio peludo Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio planocarinae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio praecipitis Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio reflectens Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio regionis Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio sinuum Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio spinae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio striarum Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio tecti Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio unguis Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio vadorum Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio vittae Burks, sp. n. and Oxyscelio zeuctomesos. Neotypes are designated for nine species, including the type species O. foveatus Kieffer, Oxyscelio brevinervis (Kieffer), Oxyscelio bifurcatus (Kieffer), Oxyscelio frontalis (Kieffer), Oxyscelio crassicornis (Kieffer), Oxyscelio cupularis (Kieffer), Oxyscelio foveatus Kieffer, Oxyscelio kiefferi Dodd, Oxyscelio magnus (Kieffer) and Oxyscelio marginalis (Kieffer). Oxyscelio bifurcatus (Kieffer) syn. n. and Oxyscelio frontalis (Kieffer) syn. n. are synonymized under Oxyscelio consobrinus (Kieffer). The fauna is divided into 13 species groups, with six species unplaced to a group. A phylogenetic analysis employing 73 morphological characters did not find most of these groups to be monophyletic, but they are retained to aid in specimen identification. Potential biogeographical patterns are discussed, including regional variation in surface sculpture and a morphological link between Sri Lankan and Australian species.The Indo-Malayan and Palearctic species of  Oxyscelio Kiefer comprises relatively robust platygastoid wasps that occur across equatorial and east Africa, the south-eastern part of the Palearctic, the Indo-Malayian and Australasian regions. They are relatively easily identified by the fore wing submarginal vein being distant from wing margin, very short marginal vein, virtually absent postmarginal vein, posteriorly rounded vertex, and distinct metascutellum. In addition, many species can be recognised by the pronounced frontal depression on the head which is often rimmed by a carina.The genus  Oxyscelio foveatus, by Chromoteleia Ashmead  which aims to revise all species on a worldwide basis for a number of important platygastroid genera.The current study is the first of three papers that aim to fully revise the world species of The contributions of the individual authors are as follows; R.A. Burks: character definition, species concept development; key development, imaging, capture of specimen data, manuscript preparation, phylogenetic analysis and illustration; L. Masner: specimen acquisition, and generic overview; N.F. Johnson: generic concept development, software and database development and manuscript preparation; A.D. Austin: initial species concept development, manuscript preparation, and taxonomic overview.PageBreak1; American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY (AMNH)2; Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia (ANIC)3; The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (BMNH)4; Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada (CNCI)5; Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL (FSCA)6; Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium (ISNB)7; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (MCZC)8; Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN)9; C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (OSUC)10; Queensland Primary Industries Insect Collection, Brisbane, Australia (QDPC)11, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia (QMBA)12, Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium (RMCA)13; Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, Netherlands (RMNH)14; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada (ROME)15; South African National Collection of Insects, Pretoria, South Africa (SANC)16; Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine (UASK)17; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC (USNM)18; Waite Insect and Nematode Collection, Adelaide, Australia (WINC)19. Some specimens will be deposited in other collections where noted, depending on specimen collection agreements: Invertebrate Systematics and Diversity Facility 20; Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MBBJ)21; Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden (QSBG)22; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi (UKMB)23.Specimens examined were provided by the following collections: The American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA (AEIC)http://lsid.tdwg.org (i.e. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 99E3E72E-DA88-4740-9ECB-2D03BCD1DACE).This revision is a product of the Platygastroidea Planetary Biodiversity Inventory, funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation . An objective of this project is to use biodiversity informatics resources to accelerate taxonomic work, making real-time collaboration possible. Data associated with specimens examined in this study can be accessed at hol.osu.edu and entering the unique specimen identifier (e.g. OSUC 247918) in the search form. Life science identifiers (LSIDs) can be resolved at Terminology. Morphological terminology follows Oxyscelio. T1 midlobe refers to the raised antero-medial area of T1 that is flanked by depressed lateral areas. This is usually PageBreakflat and only weakly elevated in Oxyscelio, and therefore is not strictly the same as a T1 horn, but a T1 midlobe can be expressed as a T1 horn.Surface sculpture terminology referring to repeated sculptural elements follows \u201cMicrosculpture\u201d refers to repeated tiny sculptural elements that do not interact with seta placement. Microsculpture can occur on \u201cmajor\u201d sculptural elements, such as on rugae and on all surfaces of foveae. Punctate microsculpture refers to tiny round pits that do not bear setae. Granulate microsculpture refers to sculpture that is similar to that of leather or skin, with areas enclosed by tiny grooves (= sunken septa). Microsculpture can occur in areas that lack setae.PageBreakumbilicate sculptural patterns. For the occipital carina, \u201ccrenulate\u201d means that short carinae radiate from the occipital carina. For carinae in general: the carina may be described using the phrase \u201cas a ruga\u201d if it is expressed as a wrinkled and/or irregularly meandering elevation.Sculptural terms for repeated sculpture that are not included in the above categories are 1) \u201ccarinae\u201d which refers to elevations that are sharp and not branched or wrinkled, 2) \u201cstriae\u201d which refers to repeated elevations that are not sharp and do not branch or exhibit wrinkling. These sculptural elements do not interact with setiferous pit placement, but umbilicate sculpture can occur between them. While alternative logic may suggest that rugose sculpture is better classed within this category, this choice was avoided because rugose sculptural patterns did apparently interact with Illustrations and data citations.Photographs were taken using one of the following systems: 1) Visionary Digital BK+ Imaging System, November 2010 model, with either a K2 Long Distance Microscope or a 65 mm varifocal lens; 2) Synoptics, Ltd. system using a Leica Z16 APO microscope and a JVC KY-F75U 3-CCD camera; or 3) GT EntoVision Mobile Imaging System. Source photos were stacked using Zerene Stacker version 1.04 or Auto-Montage Pro version 5.01.0005, and enhanced using Adobe Photoshop CS5 or CS6.Phylogenetic analysis.A New Technology Search at initial level 95 was performed using TNT  version 1.1 , chosen because of morphological similarity between Oxyscelio and Bracalba.sion 1.1 , 2008 onKiefferurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99E3E72E-DA88-4740-9ECB-2D03BCD1DACEurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:529http://species-id.net/wiki/OxyscelioOxyscelioOxyscelio foveatus Kieffer, by monotypy; Baryconus Foerster, Bacalba Dodd, Chromoteleia Ashmead, Oxyscelio Kieffer); Baryconini);  Kieffer, 1907: 310. Original description. Type: PageBreakDicroteleiaDicroteleia rugosa Kieffer, by monotypy. Synonymized by  Kieffer, 1908: 92. Original description. Type: ChromoteleiaOxyscelio):  (OxyscelioDicroteleia):  : OOL < 0.5 ocellar diameter (OD). Dorsal area of frons: convex, without frontal shelf. Antennal scrobe shape: present, unmargined; scrobe margined by carina. Frons sculpture: umbilicate-punctate, with transverse carinae within scrobe; scrobe largely smooth, otherwise with transverse carinae. Submedian carina: absent. Orbital carina: absent. Inner orbits: diverging ventrally. Interocular space(IOS)/Eye height (EH): IOS distinctly less than EH. Interantennal process: triangular in lateral view. Central keel: absent. Antennal foramen opening: oriented laterally on interantennal process. Facial striae: present. Malar sulcus: present. Compound eye size: not significantly reduced. Compound eye setation: absent. Gena: weakly convex, receding behind posterior orbit; convex, distinctly produced behind eye. Clypeus shape: narrow, slightly convex medially, lateral corner not produced. Apical margin of clypeus: with small median point. Labrum: not visible. Mandibular teeth: apex with 2, acute, subequal teeth. Arrangement of mandibular teeth: transverse. Number of maxillary palpomeres: 4. Shape of maxillary palpomeres: cylindrical. Number of labial palpomeres: 2.PageBreakof doubled multiporous plate sensilla on female clava: in longitudinal pairs. Tyloid distribution on male antenna: A5 only. Shape of male flagellum: filiform.Number of antennomeres in female: 12. Number of antennomeres in male: 12. Insertion of radicle into A1: parallel to longitudinal axis of A1. Shape of A1: more or less cylindrical, not flattened. Length of A3 of female: subequal to length of A2; distinctly longer than A2. Number of clavomeres in female antenna: 7; 0. Claval formula of female antenna: A12-A7/1-2-2-2-2-1; A12-A6/1-2-2-2-2-2-2. Arrangement Mesosoma shape in dorsal view: longer than wide. Mesosoma shape in lateral view: longer than high. Medial portion of transverse pronotal carina: weakly indicated laterally; absent. Posterior apex of pronotum in dorsal view: straight, bifid apically to articulate with tegula. Vertical epomial carina: present. Dorsal epomial carina : present. Anterior face of pronotum: oblique, visible dorsally, short. Lateral face of pronotum: deeply concave below dorsal pronotal superhumeral sulcus. Netrion: present. Netrion shape: open ventrally. Anterior portion of mesoscutum: vertical, flexed ventrally to meet pronotum. Mesoscutum shape: pentagonal in dorsal view, posterolateral corner rounded. Skaphion: absent. Notaulus: present, percurrent. Parapsidal lines: present; absent. Anteroadmedial lines: present. Scutoscutellar sulcus: well-developed, narrow. Shape of mesoscutellum: quadrate to trapezoidal. Armature of mesoscutellum: absent. Surface of mesoscutellum: convex throughout. Median longitudinal furrow on mesoscutellum: absent. Shape of axillula: small, dorsal margin sinuate. Metascutellum: clearly differentiated. Metascutellar armature: produced medially into short, shallowly bidentate process; produced into broad flattened plate; produced into narrow, flat, apically blunt process. Metascutellar setation: absent; present dorsally and ventrally. Extent of metasomal depression of propodeum: percurrent, extending anteriorly to anterior margin of propodeum. Lateral propodeal projection: well-developed, extending clearly beyond anterior margin of T1. Mesopleural carina: present across sclerite; absent or strongly abbreviated, present only near mid coxa. Mesal course of acetabular carina: projecting as small spur anteriorly, not long enough to intercede between fore coxae. Mesopleural pit: absent. Sternaulus: absent. Posterodorsal corner of mesopleuron: rounded anteriorly.Number of mid tibial spurs: 1. Number of hind tibial spurs: 1. Dorsal surface of hind coxa: smooth. Hind tibia shape: cylindrical, ecarinate. Trochantellus: present.Wing size of female: macropterous. Wing size of male: macropterous. Tubular veins in fore wing: present. Bulla of fore wing R: absent. Extent of marginal venation of fore wing: R1 reaching and ending at costal margin; distinct marginal or postmarginal veins present. Origin of r-rs in fore wing: arising before (basad of) R/R1 attains costal margin. Structure of basal vein (Rs+M) in fore wing: spectral. Structure of R in hind wing: elongate, extending to costal margin; abbreviated, not attaining costal margin.PageBreaktruding anteriorly as short sharp extension of median longitudinal carina. Felt fields: absent. Ovipositor type: Scelio-type . However, given the large size of most species, the diversity of habitats in which they have been collected, and the structure of the ovipositor, we presume that all Oxyscelio species parasitise orthopteran eggs of some type.Distribution. Oxyscelio has been recorded from Africa , the Indo-Malayan region , the eastern Palearctic , Australasia and the south-west Pacific .Phylogenetic relationships.Oxyscelio is related to Bracalba Dodd, Chromoteleia Ashmead and Baryconus Foerster, and he provided a key to separate them. Based on the structure of the ovipositor system it is unlikely that Baryconus is related to this group of genera given it has a Ceratobaeus-type system, where the other genera all have a Scelio type ovipositor system  are currently coordinating a significantly expanded molecular analysis of the Platygastroidea involving additional sequence data and a trebling of taxa, and this should help resolved the relationships among these and other genera.r system . The molThe species level phylogeny generated as a part of this study  does notPageBreakOxyscelio we recognize 13 species groups. These groups are discussed below to indicate intuitively our perception of the structure within the genus and to serve as an aid in specimen identification.For the Indo-Malayan and Palearctic fauna of Characteristics: Frontal depression flat or nearly so. Hyperoccipital carina complete as a strong ruga, continuous with the anteriormost genal carina, laterally not connected with occipital carina. Occipital carina complete or incomplete, but without strong lateral corners. Metascutellum with a pair of subapical dorsal setae, concave dorsally, slightly emarginate apically with rounded posterolateral lobes. T7 in males with acuminate posterolateral corners.Comments: The carinatus-group is very similar to the cuculli-group, but differs in that the hyperoccipital carina is defined by a ruga and in having a deeper frontal depression. The Oxyscelio mesiodentis-complex within the cuculli-group has a much more densely setose and differently shaped metascutellum than in the carinatus-group. The general trend towards sculptural reduction in Philippine species  leads one to consider the possibility that the carinatus-group could be weakly sculptured species of the cuculli-group. However, it does not seem proper to lump these groups without additional data supporting this hypothesis. Another possibility exists, that the carinatus-group could be closely related to the dasymesos-group, as both groups contain species with a setose metascutellum and nearly flat frontal depression.Oxyscelio carinatus, Oxyscelio praecipitis, Oxyscelio spinosiceps, Oxyscelio vittae.Includes: Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina complete, continuous with the anteriormost genal carina, laterally connected with occipital carina by a distinct longitudinal carina or elevation; area between hyperoccipital and occipital carinae slightly sunken and crater-like. Metascutellum about as long as broad, concave dorsally and with little or no median sculpture, rounded apically. T7 in males without posterolateral spines.Comments:The crateris-group contains a few species with a crater-like area, between the occipital and hyperoccipital carinae, that is fully outlined by carinae. This area also has distinctive sculpture that is different from that of surrounding areas. Some members of the latitudinis-group may have a similarly weakly concave or partially outlined crater-like area as well, but these species have a very different, broad and strongly sculptured metascutellum.PageBreakIncludes:Oxyscelio cordis, Oxyscelio crateris, Oxyscelio spinae.Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina absent or weakly indicated by rugae, laterally not connected with occipital carina. Occipital carina complete or incomplete, but without strong lateral corners. Frons without oblique flange; frontal depression without transverse carinae or grooves in ventral half. Metascutellum medially concave and smooth or with transverse carinae. T7 in males usually with sharp posterolateral corners, rarely with short spines or without spines.Comments:The crebritas-group contains many very similar species differing in subtle ways. Most members of this group have a radicle that is darker than the scape, but this feature is variable in many species. The florus-group differs in having longitudinal metascutellar rugae, instead of transverse carinae. The noduli-group is similar but has a much more strongly sculptured frontal depression.Oxyscelio amrichae, Oxyscelio asperi, Oxyscelio brevinervis, Oxyscelio capilli, Oxyscelio capitis, Oxyscelio codae, Oxyscelio consobrinus, Oxyscelio crebritas, Oxyscelio excavatus, Oxyscelio genae, Oxyscelio granuli, Oxyscelio jugi, Oxyscelio kiefferi, Oxyscelio lacunae, Oxyscelio longiventris, Oxyscelio mollitia, Oxyscelio reflectens.Includes:Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina complete and strong, continuous with the anteriormost genal carina, laterally not connected with occipital carina. Occipital carina complete or incomplete, but without strong lateral corners. Metascutellum concave dorsally and with little or no median sculpture, incised or slightly emarginate apically. T7 in males variable, some species with strong posterolateral spines.Comments: The cuculli-group has several distinctive species with a sharp hyperoccipital carina and strongly concave frontal depression that is more or less hood-like. There are some other species that possess these traits in less-developed ways, but which can be linked with this group through transformation series. These species make distinction from the crebritas-group and carinatus-group especially difficult. Because of this, it is useful to divide this group into three species complexes that can be more consistently defined:Oxyscelio convergens Species Complex: Metascutellum long, weakly emarginate, nearly flat, not setose. Anterior portion of metasomal depression long and exposed dorsally; with long and narrowly separated lateral propodeal carinae, often with a median carina between them. Includes:Oxyscelio aureamediocritas, Oxyscelio bipunctuum, Oxyscelio convergens, Oxyscelio kramatos, Oxyscelio marginalis, Oxyscelio vadorum.Oxyscelio cuculli Species Complex: Metascutellum short, strongly emarginate with dorsally protruding posterolateral corners, not setose. Anterior portion of metasomal depression short and weakly developed, hidden from dorsal view; lateral propodeal PageBreakcarinae short and variably separated anteriorly. Includes:Oxyscelio angustifrons, Oxyscelio cuculli, Oxyscelio granorum, Oxyscelio intermedietas, Oxyscelio nubbin.Oxyscelio mesiodentis Species Complex: Metascutellum setose dorsally, weakly emarginate and nearly flat. Anterior portion of metasomal depression short, variably sculptured. Includes:Oxyscelio arcus, Oxyscelio brevidentis, Oxyscelio ceylonensis, Oxyscelio crassicornis, Oxyscelio crustum, Oxyscelio doumao, Oxyscelio mesiodentis, Oxyscelio unguis.Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina incomplete or indicated by poorly defined rugae, laterally not connected with occipital carina. Occipital carina complete or incomplete, but without strong lateral corners. Metasomal depression setose. T7 in males with acuminate posterolateral corners.Comments:A setose metasomal depression does not occur in any other Asian species of Oxyscelio. The dasymesos-group is otherwise difficult to compare with other Oxyscelio species groups, but it bears some general resemblance to the carinatus-group and crebritas-group.Oxyscelio dasymesos, Oxyscelio dasynoton.Includes:Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina absent or indicated by poorly defined rugae, laterally not connected with occipital carina. Occipital carina complete or incomplete, but without strong lateral corners. Frons without oblique flange. Metascutellum with longitudinal rugae and without any strong transverse carinae. T2 without longitudinal depressions or strong curved striae.Comments:The florus-group contains species that are similar to the crebritas-group in having a dark radicle and uniformly curved occipital carina, but differ in having a rugose metascutellum and a generally longer metasoma. The latitudinis-group is also similar to this group based on most of the above-mentioned features, but differs in having an occipital carina with strong lateral corners.Oxyscelio arvi, Oxyscelio dermatoglyphes, Oxyscelio florus, Oxyscelio jaune, Oxyscelio regionis.Includes:Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina incomplete or indicated by weak rugae. Occipital carina with sharp protruding lateral corners. T2 with long sublateral depressions.Comments:The fossarum-group is similar to the foveatus-group, latitudinis-group, and striarum-group, but is distinguished by the T2 depressions that occur in females . These groups differ in metascutellar form as well, with PageBreakPageBreakthe fossarum-group having a generally narrower metascutellum. The defining feature of this group can be difficult to discern, but is best verified by finding the strong medial borders of the depressions.Oxyscelio aclavae, Oxyscelio acutiventris, Oxyscelio cyrtomesos, Oxyscelio fistulae, Oxyscelio fodiens, Oxyscelio fossarum, Oxyscelio fossularum, Oxyscelio rugosus, Oxyscelio zeuctomesos.Includes:Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina incomplete or indicated by weak rugae. Occipital carina with strong lateral corners. Ventral frons with oblique flange. Metascutellum tiny and concave, or broad and convex, or elongate with a smooth channel. T2 without longitudinal depressions or strong curved striae.Comments:The foveatus-group likely is a non-monophyletic group containing species with an oblique facial flange and an occipital carina with protruding lateral corners, but with none of the defining features of some other species groups. Species with longitudinal T2 depressions, but which would otherwise agree with this group, have been placed in the fossarum-group.Other species with an oblique facial flange occur in the carinatus-group, crateris-group,and cuculli-group, but differ strongly from these species.Oxyscelio angustinubbin, Oxyscelio cupularis, Oxyscelio foveatus, Oxyscelio greenacus, Oxyscelio latinubbin, Oxyscelio nasolabii, Oxyscelio operimenti.Includes:Characteristics:Lower frons without oblique flange. Hyperoccipital carina incomplete or indicated by weak rugae. Occipital carina with sharp protruding lateral corners. Metascutellum broad, almost always rugose. T2 without sublateral depressions or strong curved striae.Comments:The latitudinis-group is essentially negatively defined among Oxyscelio that have strong lateral corners of the occipital carina. The best distinctive feature of this group is the broad, rugose metascutellum of most species, but a few have a narrower metascutellum that more closely approaches that of the fossarum-group. Most members of this group have a metallic green luster, but this is lost in some specimens. Except where noted in species descriptions, color seems to be a highly unreliable character for identification of Oxyscelio.Oxyscelio dorsalis, Oxyscelio latitudinis, Oxyscelio naraws, Oxyscelio peludo, Oxyscelio perpensus.Includes:PageBreakCharacteristics: Hyperoccipital carina incomplete or weakly indicated by rugae. Occipital carina complete medially, without sharp protruding lateral corners. Mesoscutum anteriorly very steep. Postmarginal vein absent. Metascutellum variable but without dorsally protruding posterolateral corners.Comments:The limae-group contains species from India and Sri Lanka, all with a strongly elevated and anteriorly steep mesoscutum. These species strongly resemble the crebritas-group, but differ in having very short fore wing venation with no sign of a postmarginal vein. Some Australian species, including Oxyscelio montanus (Dodd) strongly resemble this group, but differ in having a short metascutellum with dorsally protruding posterolateral corners. Tiny but sharp and slightly protruding posterolateral corners of T4 or T5 in females of Oxyscelio limae and Oxyscelio anguli indicate that the limae-group may be the closest relative of an otherwise Australian clade containing Oxyscelio montanus and Oxyscelio mirellus (Dodd).Oxyscelio anguli, Oxyscelio flaviventris, Oxyscelio limae.Includes:Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina absent or weakly indicated by rugae, laterally not connected with occipital carina. Occipital carina complete, but without strong lateral corners. Frons without oblique flange; frontal depression crossed by many carinae. Metascutellum medially concave and smooth.Comments:The noduli-group contains some species that are resemble the latitudinis-group in metasomal length and frontal depression sculpture, but which have a small and medially smooth metascutellum and an occipital carina without strong lateral corners. The latter features are similar to those in the crebritas-group, and therefore these species may be phylogenetically intermediate between that group and the latitudinis-group. Alternatively, they may be reduced apomorphic members of the latitudinis-group.Oxyscelio chimaerae, Oxyscelio nodorum, Oxyscelio noduli.Includes:Characteristics: Hyperoccipital carina incomplete or indicated by rugae. Occipital carina complete medially, but with sharp lateral corners and concave medial sections that meet at a median peak.Comments:Members of the ogive-group superficially resemble the crebritas-group, but differs in the sinuate occipital carina with sharp lateral corners. It differs from the latitudinis group in having a sharp and rounded submedian carina.Oxyscelio cavinetrion, Oxyscelio flabelli, Oxyscelio labis, Oxyscelio ogive, Oxyscelio sinuum.Includes:PageBreakCharacteristics:Hyperoccipital carina incomplete or indicated by rugae. Occipital carina with sharp lateral corners. Metascutellum rugose. T2 (at least) in females with strong curved longitudinal striae submedially that flank a triangular area without striae.Comments:The striarum-group is similar to the latitudinis-group, but differs in the strong curved striae of T2 and T3 in females. Males may be difficult to recognize, because those of Oxyscelio caesitas reveal that they do not possess these strong striae. They do have slightly more distinct sublateral striae of S2 and S3, but these striae are straight and do not distinctly differ from those of other species groups.Oxyscelio caesitas, Oxyscelio striarum.Includes:Oxyscelio flavipennis, Oxyscelio halmaherae, Oxyscelio magnus, Oxyscelio obsidiani, Oxyscelio planocarinae, Oxyscelio tecti.Burkssp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:51993891-E31E-4C1C-B7CC-08E4C3FCFC2Aurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:275554http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_aclavaeFemale. Body length 3.75\u20135.3 mm (n=20).Radicle color: same color as scape. Scape color: Yellowish. A4: longer than broad. A5: longer than broad. Antennal club: not formed, segments not compact.Interantennal process: not elongate. Median longitudinal elevation in frontal depression: absent. Frontal depression: concave. Frontal depression sculpture: crossed by many tiny furrows. Submedian carina: strong, formed by a sharp raised carina. Submedian carina medially: without peak. Concavity across dorsal part of frontal depression: absent. Depression extending ventrally from median ocellus: absent. Upper frons: not hood-like. Malar area near antennal foramen: with oblique tooth-like flange . Malar area at mouth corner: with radiating striae. Smooth strip along posterior side of malar sulcus: present, broad throughout its length. Middle genal carina: present. Direction of middle genal carina dorsally: parallel to eye margin. Major sculpture of gena anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate; rugose. Major sculpture of gena posteriorly: rugose. Microsculpture of gena antero-ventrally: granulate. Microsculpture of gena postero-ventrally: granulate. Median carina extending posteriorly from hyperoccipital carina: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: not indicated medially. Lateral connection between hyperoccipital and occipital carinae: absent. Area between vertex and occipital carina: umbilicate-foveate. Occipital carina medially: sinuate, concave medial to corners, but without a median peak. Lateral corners of occipital carina: sharp and protruding.PageBreakicate-foveate; irregularly rugose. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum medially: punctate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum laterally: punctate. Mesoscutellar apex: convex or straight. Setae along anterior limit of femoral depression: arising from rows of foveae. Number of carinae crossing speculum above femoral depression: 2. Number of carinae crossing femoral depression: more than 5. Mesepimeral sulcus pits: more than 5. Metascutellum dorsally: concave. Metascutellar sculpture dorsally: smooth or with transverse carinae. Median carina of metascutellum: absent or branched. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellar apex: convex or straight. Metapleuron above ventral metapleural area: smooth. Metasomal depression setae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae antero-medially: strongly diverging. Anterior areoles of metasomal depression: absent. Anterior longitudinal carinae in metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal areas: meeting for only a short distance medially. Postmarginal vein: present. Forewing apex: reaching middle of T5; reaching apex of T5.Lateral pronotal area: without bulge projecting towards anterior pit. Epomial corner: strong. Netrion surface anteriorly: not inflexed. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep. Mesoscutal median carina: present and complete. Longitudinal carina between median carina and notauli: absent. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum: umbilT1 midlobe: obscured by other raised sculpture. T1: with small rounded anterior bulge, not reaching metascutellum. T2: with long sublateral depressions. T6: broader than long. Apical flange of T6: not exposed apically. Metasomal apex: rounded. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate-punctate; longitudinally striate or rugose. Microsculpture of T6: granulate.Male. Unknown.Female: Antennal club not formed, flagellomeres widely separated. Face with oblique expanded flange between antennal foramen and eye. Metascutellum longer than broad, with central smooth channel.Latin noun, genitive case, intended to mean \u201cclubless.\u201d Refers to the long and well-separated apical flagellomeres.[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=275554]THAILAND: Chanthaburi Prov., inside youth camp, T3345, Khao Khitchakut National Park, 12\u00b050.570'N, 102\u00b007.220\u2019E, 12m, 8.IX\u201315.IX.2008, malaise trap, Suthida & Charoenchai, OSUC 368762 (deposited in QSBG). Paratypes:  BRUNEI: 2 females, OSUC 376633, 376655 (BMNH). INDONESIA: 28 females, OSUC 257096, 376652-376654, 376658, 376661 (BMNH); OSUC 368943, 368955, 368957, 368963, 369074, 369083 (CNCI); OSUC 240914, 247845, 247854, 247865, 257074 (MBBJ); OSUC 228684-228686, 228697, 228700, 241815, 247834, 247839 (OSUC); OSUC 257059, 257061, 257070 (ROME). MALAYSIA: 20 females, OSUC 202717 (AEIC); OSUC 376580, 376587, 376589, 376592, 376594, 376599, 376603, 376606-376607, 376610, 376613 (BMNH); OSUC 369323, 369334 (CNCI); OSUC 376748-376749 (MCZC); OSUC 381324, 453782, 453787, 453794 (OSUC). SRI LANKA: 1 female, OSUC 268123 (USNM). THAILAND: 27 females, OSUC 335869 (BMNH); OSUC 368757-368758, 368768 (CNCI); OSUC 320372, 320407, 322089, 335911, 352472-352475 (OSUC); OSUC 335116, 335118-335119, 336027, 336045, 336119, 352476, 361337, 361340, 361349, 361364, 361366, 361374 (QSBG); OSUC 335144, 335830 (WINC).Holotype, female: PageBreakOxyscelio aclavae are frequently collected, but males are unknown. This species can be easily recognized by the lack of an antennal club in females, in which the apical flagellomere is at least partially white, and by the oblique flange near the antennal foramen. A12 in most specimens is entirely white, but it is only partially white in some smaller specimens. A long metascutellum and similar oblique facial flange also occurs in Oxyscelio latinubbin,which may be closely related to Oxyscelio aclavae if the T2 longitudinal depressions prove homoplastic.Females of (Kieffer)urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F2981FE6-BACF-4F5B-960E-E3267A94F49Durn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5005http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_acutiventrisTrichanteris acutiventris Kieffer, 1916: 176 ; Dicroteleia acutiventris (Kieffer): Oxyscelio acutiventris (Kieffer): Female. Body length 4.25 mm (n=1).Radicle color: same color as scape. Scape color: Yellowish. A4: longer than broad. A5: longer than broad. Antennal club: formed, segments compact.Interantennal process: not elongate. Median longitudinal elevation in frontal depression: absent. Frontal depression: concave. Frontal depression sculpture: with 3-5 complete transverse carinae. Submedian carina: weak, shallow and rounded or formed by ledge. Submedian carina medially: without peak. Concavity across dorsal part of frontal depression: absent. Depression extending ventrally from median ocellus: absent. Upper frons: not hood-like. Malar area near antennal foramen: without carina or expansion. Malar area at mouth corner: with radiating striae. Smooth strip along posterior side of malar sulcus: present, broad throughout its length. Middle genal carina: present. Direction of middle genal carina dorsally: parallel to eye margin. Major sculpture of gena anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Major sculpture of gena posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate; rugose. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: granulate. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: granulate. Median carina extending posteriorly from hyperoccipital carina: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: indicated by rugae. Lateral connection between hyperoccipital and occipital carinae: absent. Area between vertex and occipital carina: umbilicate-foveate. Occipital carina medially: absent. Lateral corners of occipital carina: sharp and protruding.PageBreakcarina and notauli: absent. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: absent. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum medially: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum laterally: absent. Mesoscutellar apex: roundly concave. Setae along anterior limit of PageBreakfemoral depression: arising from rows of foveae. Number of carinae crossing speculum above femoral depression: 3. Number of carinae crossing femoral depression: more than 5. Mesepimeral sulcus pits: more than 5. Metascutellum dorsally: flat. Metascutellar sculpture dorsally: with scattered rugae. Median carina of metascutellum: absent or branched. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellar apex: weakly emarginate. Metapleuron above ventral metapleural area: foveate or rugose. Metasomal depression setae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae anteromedially: strongly diverging. Anterior areoles of metasomal depression: absent. Anterior longitudinal carinae in metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal areas: meeting for only a short distance medially. Postmarginal vein: present. Fore wing apex: reaching middle of T5.Lateral pronotal area: without bulge projecting towards anterior pit. Epomial corner: weak. Netrion surface anteriorly: not inflexed. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep. Mesoscutal median carina: present and complete. Longitudinal carina between median T1 midlobe: obscured by other raised sculpture. T1: with long anterior bulge, reaching metascutellum. T2: with long sublateral depressions. T6: longer than broad. Apical flange of T6: exposed apically. Metasomal apex: rounded. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate-punctate. Microsculpture of T6: granulate.Male. Unknown.Female: Frontal depression crossed by a few carinae. Mesoscutellum without granulate sculpture. Metascutellum subrectangular, rugose. Fore wings long enough to reach middle of T5. T6 apically narrow but not sharply acuminate. T1 with a well-developed anterior horn with anteriorly obscure longitudinal carinae. T2 with long sublateral depressions bordered medially by strong carinae.http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=5005]Associations. Unspecified association Uncaria Schreber: [Rubiales: Rubiaceae]INDONESIA: Maluku Prov., Ceram (Seram) Isl., Solea, VIII-1987, malaise trap, M. C. Day, OSUC 368934 (deposited in BMNH). Paratypes: INDONESIA: 6 females, 6 males, OSUC 368924-368928, 368932, 368935, 368937 (CNCI); OSUC 368929, 368931, 368933, 368936\u00a0(OSUC).Holotype, female: Oxyscelio asperi is known only from Seram, and was initially assessed as just a regionally dark form of Oxyscelio crebritas. It is recognized as distinct on strength of the metapleural and mesopleural sculpture.Burkssp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EDAA6F52-41B2-4C11-870F-568EB113307Furn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:275486http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_aureamediocritasFemale. Body length 3.45 mm (n=1).Radicle color: darker than scape. Scape color: Yellowish. A4: longer than broad. A5: longer than broad. Antennal club: formed, segments compact.Interantennal process: not elongate. Median longitudinal elevation in frontal depression: absent. Frontal depression: concave. Frontal depression sculpture: with 3 or more broadly interrupted transverse carinae. Submedian carina: strong, formed by a sharp raised carina. Submedian carina medially: without peak. Concavity across dorsal part of frontal depression: absent. Depression extending ventrally from median ocellus: absent. Upper frons: hood-like, protruding over pedicel when antenna at rest. Malar area near antennal foramen: without carina or expansion. Malar area at mouth corner: with radiating striae. Smooth strip along posterior side of malar sulcus: absent or not consistently broad. Middle genal carina: present. Direction of middle genal carina dorsally: parallel to eye margin. Major sculpture of gena anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate; rugose. Major sculpture of gena posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate; rugose. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: absent. Median carina extending posteriorly from hyperoccipital carina: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: complete, continuous with anterior genal carina. Lateral connection between hyperoccipital and occipital carinae: absent. Area between vertex and occipital carina: crenulate; umbilicate-punctate. Occipital carina medially: convex, with a sharp median peak. Lateral corners of occipital carina: not protruding.PageBreakone or more areoles present. Anterior longitudinal carinae in metasomal depression: median carina present. Lateral propodeal areas: separated medially. Postmarginal vein: present. Fore wing apex: reaching beyond T6.Lateral pronotal area: without bulge projecting towards anterior pit. Epomial corner: weak. Netrion surface anteriorly: not inflexed. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep. Mesoscutal median carina: present and complete. Longitudinal carina between median carina and notauli: absent. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: umbilicate-punctate; longitudinally rugose. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum: umbilicate-foveate; irregularly rugose. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum medially: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum laterally: absent. Mesoscutellar apex: convex or straight. Setae along anterior limit of femoral depression: arising from tiny pits. Number of carinae crossing speculum above femoral depression: 3. Number of carinae crossing femoral depression: more than 5. Mesepimeral sulcus pits: more than 5. Metascutellum dorsally: concave. Metascutellar sculpture dorsally: smooth or with transverse carinae. Median carina of metascutellum: absent or branched. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellar apex: deeply emarginate. Metapleuron above ventral metapleural area: smooth. Metasomal depression setae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae anteromedially: weakly diverging. Anterior areoles of metasomal depression: T1 midlobe: with 5 longitudinal carinae. T1: without anterior bulge. T2: with straight longitudinal striae or rugae. T6: broader than long. Apical flange of T6: exposed apically. Metasomal apex: rounded. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate-punctate. Microsculpture of T6: absent.PageBreakMale. Unknown.Oxyscelio aureamediocritas is similar to Oxyscelio convergens and other species with a sculptured and conspicuous metasomal depression, and with the flagellum in females having an elongate A4 and A5 and weakly developed club. It differs in having a propodeal median carina. Although males of this species are unknown, patterns of variation in other species of Oxyscelio suggest that males may lack the median propodeal carina.Female: A4, A5 longer than broad. Frons without elevation between antennal foramen and eye. Hyperoccipital carina present, continuous with anterior genal carina. Metascutellum deeply emarginate. Metasomal depression elongate, with median carina; lateral propodeal carinae narrowly separated anteriorly. T1 midlobe with 5 longitudinal carinae. T6 rounded apically. Latin noun in apposition to the generic name, based on \u201cThe Golden Mean\u201d coined by Horace. Refers to the median propodeal carina and general golden color of the holotype.http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=275486], OSUC 439686 (TARI).Holotype, female: Oxyscelio dermatoglyphes is part of a species complex occurring also in Japan and Korea. This complex can be characterized by the elongate body, dark antennal radicle, weak occipital carina without protruding lateral corners, subrectangular flat metascutellum , and very strong T1 horn in females.(Kieffer)urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F419F35E-66BF-4A60-9AD0-5D800C2DB259urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5015http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_dorsalisCamptoteleia dorsalis Kieffer, 1916: 64, 173 ; Oxyscelio dorsalis (Kieffer): Female. Unknown.Male.Length of mesosoma plus metasoma (head of holotype missing): 3.5 mm (n=1). Epomial corner: weak. Netrion surface anteriorly: not inflexed. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep. Mesoscutal median carina: present and complete. Longitudinal carina between median carina and notauli: absent. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum medially: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum laterally: granulate. Mesoscutellar apex: convex or straight. Number of carinae crossing speculum above femoral depression: 2. Metascutellum dorsally: flat. Metascutellar sculpture dorsally: with scattered rugae. Median carina of metascutellum: absent or branched. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellar apex: convex or straight. Metapleuron above ventral metapleural area: crossed by carinae. Metasomal depression setae: absent. Anterior areoles of metasomal depression: absent. Anterior longitudinal carinae in metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal areas: separated medially. Postmarginal vein: present.Median lobe of T1: with 6 longitudinal carinae. Metasomal apex: with acuminate lateral corners.Male: Mesoscutellum with granulate sculpture. T1 midlobe with 6 longitudinal carinae. T7 with sharp, protruding posterolateral corners.http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=5015][Nilaparvatha Distant: [Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae]; collected near Oryza Linnaeus: [Cyperales: Poaceae]collected near INDIA: Karnataka St., Bangalore, 1.IX\u20139.IX.1987, pan trap, K. Ghorpade, OSUC 369047 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: INDIA: 3 females, OSUC 376576 (BMNH); OSUC 369045-369046 (CNCI).Holotype, female: Kononovaurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6836FE9A-1218-4498-B609-A99CA8539908urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:243848http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_florusOxyscelio florum Kononova: Oxyscelio florus Kononova: Female. Body length 4.25\u20134.65 mm (n=9).Radicle color: darker than scape. Scape color: Yellowish. A4: longer than broad. A5: longer than broad. Antennal club: formed, segments compact.Interantennal process: not elongate. Median longitudinal elevation in frontal depression: absent. Frontal depression: concave. Frontal depression sculpture: without transverse or oblique carinae below submedian carina. Submedian carina: indicated by multiple weak carinae. Submedian carina medially: without peak. Concavity across dorsal part of frontal depression: absent. Depression extending ventrally from median ocellus: absent. Upper frons: not hood-like. Malar area near antennal foramen: without carina or expansion. Malar area at mouth corner: with radiating striae. Smooth strip along posterior side of malar sulcus: absent or not consistently broad. Middle genal carina: present. Direction of middle genal carina dorsally: parallel to eye margin. Major sculpture of gena anteriorly: rugose; umbilicate-punctate. Major sculpture of gena posteriorly: rugose; umbilicate-punctate. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: granulate. Median carina extending posteriorly from hyperoccipital carina: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: indicated by rugae. Lateral connection between hyperoccipital and occipital carinae: absent. Area between vertex and occipital carina: umbilicate-foveate. Occipital carina medially: uniformly rounded. Lateral corners of occipital carina: not protruding.PageBreakumbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum medially: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum laterally: absent. Mesoscutellar apex: convex or straight. Setae along anterior limit of femoral depression: arising from tiny pits. Number of carinae crossing speculum above femoral depression: 4. Number of carinae crossing femoral depression: more than 5. Mesepimeral sulcus pits: more than 5. Metascutellum dorsally: flat. Metascutellar sculpture dorsally: with scattered rugae. Median carina of metascutellum: absent or branched. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellar apex: convex or straight. Metapleuron above ventral metapleural area: foveate or rugose. Metasomal depression setae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae anteromedially: strongly diverging. Anterior areoles of metasomal depression: absent. Anterior longitudinal carinae in metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal areas: separated medially. Postmarginal vein: present. Fore wing apex: reaching apex of T4; reaching middle of T5.Lateral pronotal area: without bulge projecting towards anterior pit. Epomial corner: weak. Netrion surface anteriorly: not inflexed. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep. Mesoscutal median carina: present and complete. Longitudinal carina between median carina and notauli: absent. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: T1 midlobe: obscured by other raised sculpture. T1: with long anterior bulge, reaching metascutellum. T2: with straight longitudinal striae or rugae. T6: longer than broad. Apical flange of T6: exposed apically. Metasomal apex: rounded. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate-punctate; longitudinally striate or rugose. Microsculpture of T6: absent.Male. Body length 3.85\u20134.15 mm (n=7). A5 tyloid: carina-like, not expanded. A11: longer than broad. Median tooth of frontal depression: absent. Median lobe of T1: with 6 longitudinal carinae. Metasomal apex: with acuminate lateral corners.Oxyscelio florus differs from Oxyscelio mollitia, a similar Japanese species, in sculpture, metasomal length, and in having a much stronger T1 horn in females. Especially, the mesofemoral depression lacks a row of foveae along its anterior limit. Oxyscelio florus is very similar to the Taiwanese species Oxyscelio dermatoglyphes as well, especially in having extra carinae parallel to the submedian carina; these species differ in that Oxyscelio dermatoglyphes has no median carina on the mesoscutellum, only a very weak and indistinct one on the mesoscutum, and has a much shorter metasoma in females (fore wing long enough to reach T6 or apex of T5).Both sexes: Upper frons with one or more extra carinae dorsal to submedian carina. Hyperoccipital carina indicated by rugae. Mesoscutellum without granulate sculpture. Mesofemoral depression crossed by more than 3 carinae below speculum. Female: Metascutellum subrectangular, with scattered weak rugae. T1 midlobe with long anterior bulge. T2 without sublateral depressions or curved striae. T6 longer than broad, tapering to a rounded apex. Oxyscelio is a masculine genus based on initial species combination . Other material: JAPAN: PageBreak11 females, 8 males, OSUC 368968-368974, 368981-368986, 368992-368993, 368995, 368997, 369002-369003 (CNCI).Holotype, female, Coloration features mentioned by Burkssp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62A17BE6-2A4D-4C7C-85AE-547448203D46urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:275547http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_fodiensFemale. Body length 5.1 mm (n=1).Radicle color: same color as scape. Scape color: Yellowish. A4: longer than broad. A5: longer than broad. Antennal club: formed, segments compact.Interantennal process: not elongate. Median longitudinal elevation in frontal depression: absent. Frontal depression: concave. Frontal depression sculpture: with 3-5 complete transverse carinae. Submedian carina: weak, shallow and rounded or formed by ledge. Submedian carina medially: without peak. Concavity across dorsal part of frontal depression: absent. Depression extending ventrally from median ocellus: absent. Upper frons: not hood-like. Malar area near antennal foramen: without carina or expansion. Malar area at mouth corner: without striae. Smooth strip along posterior side of malar sulcus: present, broad throughout its length. Middle genal carina: present. Direction of middle genal carina dorsally: parallel to eye margin. Major sculpture of gena anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Major sculpture of gena posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate; rugose. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: absent. Median carina extending posteriorly from hyperoccipital carina: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: not indicated medially. Lateral connection between hyperoccipital and occipital carinae: absent. Area between vertex and occipital carina: umbilicate-foveate. Occipital carina medially: absent. Lateral corners of occipital carina: sharp and protruding.PageBreakmore than 5. Metascutellum dorsally: convex. Metascutellar sculpture dorsally: with scattered rugae. Median carina of metascutellum: absent or branched. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellar apex: deeply emarginate. Metapleuron above ventral metapleural area: crossed by carinae. Metasomal depression setae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae anteromedially: strongly diverging. Anterior areoles of metasomal depression: absent. Anterior longitudinal carinae in metasomal depression: absent. Lateral propodeal areas: separated medially. Postmarginal vein: absent. Fore wing apex: reaching middle of T4.Lateral pronotal area: without bulge projecting towards anterior pit. Epomial corner: strong. Netrion surface anteriorly: not inflexed. Mesoscutum anteriorly: steep. Mesoscutal median carina: absent or weak and incomplete in places. Longitudinal carina between median carina and notauli: absent. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate; longitudinally rugose. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum medially: punctate. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum laterally: punctate. Mesoscutellar apex: roundly concave. Setae along anterior limit of femoral depression: arising from rows of foveae. Number of carinae crossing speculum above femoral depression: 4. Number of carinae crossing femoral depression: more than 5. Mesepimeral sulcus pits: T1 midlobe: obscured by other raised sculpture. T1: with small rounded anterior bulge, not reaching metascutellum. T2: with long sublateral depressions. T6: longer than broad. Apical flange of T6: exposed apically. Metasomal apex: rounded. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate-punctate. Microsculpture of T6: granulate.Male. Unknown.Oxyscelio fodiens is similar to other members of the fossarum-group in having sublateral T2 depressions, but differs in having a broad metascutellum and nearly parallel-sided T5 and T6.Female: Frontal depression crossed by a few carinae. Mesoscutellum without granulate areas. Mesoscutellum and metascutellum apically concave. Fore wings long enough to reach middle of T4. T1 with a strongly developed anterior horn that causes the longitudinal carinae to become broad and indistinct anteriorly. T2 with long sublateral depressions bordered medially by strong carinae. T5 and T6 elongate, nearly parallel-sided. Latin participle, meaning \u201cdigging.\u201d Does not change spelling under different genders. Refers to the concave sublateral depressions of T2 and the concave posterior margins of the mesoscutellum and metascutellum.http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=275547][Rubiales: Rubiaceae]unspecified association Uncaria Schreber: [PageBreakOrthoptera: [Orthoptera]emerged from egg of Oxyscelio perpensum: JAPAN: Aichi Pref., Kitashitara Co., Honshu Isl., Shitara Town, hill, Dando-Uradani Virgin Forest, 900m, 15.VIII.2004, V. Fursov, UASK 0109 (deposited in UASK).Paratypes: JAPAN: 2 females, 1 male, OSUC 173067-173069 (UASK). Other material: JAPAN: 7 females, OSUC 368976-368979, 369004-369006 (CNCI).Holotype, female, The mesoscutal median carina is less visible in our figure  than in Burkssp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D919CE92-E6BA-4359-819D-8827A2C504E7urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:275542http://species-id.net/wiki/Oxyscelio_planocarinaeFemale. Body length 3.6\u20134.7 mm (n=3).Radicle color: darker than scape. Scape color: Yellowish. A4: broader than long. A5: broader than long. Antennal club: formed, segments compact.Interantennal process: not elongate. Median longitudinal elevation in frontal depression: absent. Frontal depression: concave. Frontal depression sculpture: with 3 or more broadly interrupted transverse carinae. Submedian carina: strong, formed by a sharp raised carina. Submedian carina medially: without peak. Concavity across dorsal part of frontal depression: absent. Depression extending ventrally from median ocellus: present. Upper frons: hood-like, protruding over pedicel when antenna at rest. Malar area near antennal foramen: without carina or expansion. Malar area at mouth corner: without striae; with one carina. Smooth strip along posterior side of malar sulcus: present, broad throughout its length. Middle genal carina: present. Direction of middle genal carina dorsally: parallel to eye margin. Major sculpture of gena anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Major sculpture of gena posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of gena anteroventrally: absent. Microsculpture of gena posteroventrally: absent. Median carina extending posteriorly from hyperoccipital carina: absent. Hyperoccipital carina: indicated by rugae. Lateral connection between hyperoccipital and occipital carinae: present as a weak elevation. Area between vertex and occipital carina: umbilicate-foveate. Occipital carina medially: flat. Lateral corners of occipital carina: sharp and protruding.PageBreakmesoscutum posteriorly: absent. Major sculpture of mesoscutellum: umbilicate-foveate; longitudinally rugose. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum medially: absent. Microsculpture of mesoscutellum laterally: absent. Mesoscutellar apex: convex or straight. Setae along anterior limit of femoral depression: arising from rows of foveae. Number of carinae crossing speculum above femoral depression: 3. Number of carinae crossing femoral depression: more than 5. Mesepimeral sulcus pits: more than 5. Metascutellum dorsally: concave. Metascutellar sculpture dorsally: smooth or with transverse carinae. Median carina of metascutellum: absent or branched. Metascutellar setae: absent. Metascutellar apex: weakly emarginate. Metapleuron above ventral metapleural area: foveate or rugose. Metasomal depression setae: absent. Lateral propodeal carinae anteromedially: weakly diverging. Anterior areoles of metasomal depression: one or more areoles present. Anterior longitudinal carinae in metasomal depression: median carina present. Lateral propodeal areas: separated medially. Postmarginal vein: present. Fore wing apex: reaching apex of T5.Lateral pronotal area: without bulge projecting towards anterior pit. Epomial corner: strong. Netrion surface anteriorly: not inflexed. Mesoscutum anteriorly: not steep. Mesoscutal median carina: present and complete. Longitudinal carina between median carina and notauli: absent. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Major sculpture of medial mesoscutum posteriorly: umbilicate-foveate. Microsculpture of medial mesoscutum anteriorly: granulate. Microsculpture of medial T1 midlobe: with 5 longitudinal carinae. T1: without anterior bulge. T2: with straight longitudinal striae or rugae. T6: broader than long. Apical flange of T6: exposed apically. Metasomal apex: rounded. Major sculpture of T6: umbilicate-punctate; longitudinally striate or rugose. Microsculpture of T6: granulate.Male. Unknown.Female: Occipital carina complete but flat medially. Metascutellum narrowing posteriorly, with a median channel. T1 midlobe with 5 longitudinal carinae.Latin noun, genitive case, meaning \u201cflat carina.\u201d Refers to the medially flat occipital carina.http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=275542][INDONESIA: Sulawesi Utara Prov., Toraut, Bogani Nani Wartabone (Dumoga-Bone) National Park, 220m, 9.V\u201316.V.1985, J. S. Noyes, OSUC 369294 (deposited in BMNH). Paratypes:INDONESIA: 3 females, 2 males, OSUC 369227, 369285 (CNCI); OSUC 369271, 369306 (OSUC); OSUC 442264 (WINC).Holotype, female: Oxyscelio zeuctomesos and Oxyscelio cyrtomesos form a species complex within the fossarum-group. They differ from most members of that group in that males do not have the T2 sublateral depressions."}
{"text": "The name of the first author is incorrectly given. The correct name is: Jung-A Song. The correct Citation is: Song J-A, Koo B-K, Chong S-H, Kim K, Choi DK, et al. (2013) Soluble Expression of Human Leukemia Inhibitory Factor with Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Escherichia coli and Its Simple Purification. PLoS ONE 8(12): e83781. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083781."}
{"text": "There was a typographical error in the second author's name. The correct spelling is Mohammad Reza Vaez Mahdavi. The correct citation is:Heidary F, Vaez Mahdavi MR, Momeni F, Minaii B, Rogani M, et al. (2008) Food Inequality Negatively Impacts Cardiac Health in Rabbits. PLoS ONE 3(11): e3705. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003705"}
{"text": "The fifth author's name was abbreviated incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Kleemann J, Rincon-Rivera LJ, Takahara H, Neumann U, Ver Loren van Themaat E, et al. (2012) Sequential Delivery of Host-Induced Virulence Effectors by Appressoria and Intracellular Hyphae of the Phytopathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. PLoS Pathog 8(4): e1002643. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002643"}
{"text": "In the Title, \"Pre-Mrna\" should be \"Pre-mRNA\"The second author's name was misspelled. The correct name is: Amanda Warkentin. The correct citation is:Kriangkum J, Warkentin A, Belch AR, Pilarski LM (2013) Alteration of Introns in a Hyaluronan Synthase 1 (HAS1) Minigene Convert Pre-Mrna Splicing to the Aberrant Pattern in Multiple Myeloma (MM): MM Patients Harbor Similar Changes. PLoS ONE 8(1): e53469. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053469"}
{"text": "The name of the first author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Rikard Dammen. The correct citation is: Dammen R, Haugen M, Svejda B, Alaimo D, Brenna O, et al. (2013) The Stimulatory Adenosine Receptor ADORA2B Regulates Serotonin (5-HT) Synthesis and Release in Oxygen-Depleted EC Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PLoS ONE 8(4): e62607. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062607."}
{"text": "There was an error in capitalization in the article title.Dictyostelium discoideumThe correct title is: Mitochondria Are the Target Organelle of Differentiation-Inducing Factor-3, an Anti-Tumor Agent Isolated from Dictyostelium discoideum. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72118. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072118 The correct citation is: Kubohara Y, Kikuchi H, Matsuo Y, Oshima Y, Homma Y (2013) Mitochondria Are the Target Organelle of Differentiation-Inducing Factor-3, an Anti-Tumor Agent Isolated from"}
{"text": "Ganoderma lucidum provides insights into triterpenes biosynthesis and wood degradation. The correct citation is: Liu D, Gong J, Dai W, Kang X, Huang Z, et al. (2012) The genome of Ganoderma lucidum provides insights into triterpenes biosynthesis and wood degradation. PLoS ONE 7(5): e36146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036146 There were typographical errors in the article title and citation. The correct title is: The genome of"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Marut Tangwattanachuleeporn.The correct citation is: Bader O, Schwarz A, Kraneveld EA, Tangwattanachuleeporn M, Schmidt P, et al. (2012) Gross Karyotypic and Phenotypic Alterations among Different Progenies of the Candida glabrata CBS138/ATCC2001 Reference Strain. PLoS ONE 7(12): e52218. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052218"}
{"text": "There is an error in the first author's name in the citation. The correct citation is:Bucci MP, Bui-Quoc E, Gerard C-L (2013) The Effect of a Stroop-like Task on Postural Control in Dyslexic Children. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77920. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077920"}
{"text": "H. pylori infection, with no significant improvement. He was referred to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) for further evaluation. Laboratory investigations showed: WBCs: 7.3\u00d7109/L. Hb: 133 g/L. MCV: 69.6 fL. Platelets: 500\u00d7109/L. ESR: 45 mm/hour. CRP: 10.8 mg/L. Urea: 4.0 mmol/L. Creatinine: 72 umol/L. K+: 3.9 mmol/L. Na+: 140 mmol/L. Cl-:103 mmol/L. CO2: 22 mmol/L. Albumin: 44 g/L. Bilirubin: 8 umol/L. LD: 177 U/L. ALT: 108 U/L. AST: 61 U/L. ALP: 64 U/L. GGT: 161 IU/L. Negative antinuclear antibody screen as well as celiac disease serology.The patient, a 20-year-old obese male, complained of epigastric pain of two years duration with no associated nausea or vomiting. He underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a local hospital and received treatment for Follow-up endoscopy after six months showed normal esophageal mucosa, nodular congested gastric mucosa and nodular duodenal mucosa with variable-sized polypoid lesions Figures  and b, wQ1. What is the diagnosis?Q2. What are the histopathological findings of duodenal polypoidal lesions?Q3. What other sites can be affected by this pathology?Q4. What is the clinical significance of this abnormality?A1. The diagnosis: Reactive follicular lymphoid hyperplasia (FLH).H. pylori organism.A2. Histopathological examination of the first part of duodenum polypoidal lesions biopsies showed focal villous atrophy with prominent reactive FLH in the lamina propria with flattened overlying mucosa, and no evidence of intraepithelial lymphocytes, dysplasia, or neoplasia Figures \u2013c. GastrA3. FLH can develop wherever lymphoid tissue is present. The mostly reported sites of FLH include hard palate and oral cavity, entire gastrointestinal tract, nasopharynx, larynx, bronchi, parotid gland, breasts, skin, spleen, peripheral nerves, and the thymus gland.H. pylori eradication therapy, and reassured.A4. FLH is an uncommon benign proliferation of lymphoid follicles, a poorly understood entity, which may be confused clinically and histologically with malignant lymphoma. It has been alternatively named benign lymphoid hyperplasia, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, and pseudolymphoma. The cause of FLH is unknown, but may be associated with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia, primary immunodeficiency states and Epistein Barr virus infection. The course of FLH in children is benign, but the outcome in adults is controversial. Histopathologic examination, immunohistochemical analysis and molecular studies are essential to achieve accurate diagnosis and to implement appropriate management. The patient under study was given"}
{"text": "AbstractPseudoheptascelio Szab\u00f3 is redescribed and its species revised. We recognize four species: Pseudoheptascelio muesebecki Szab\u00f3, Pseudoheptascelio cornopis Masner, Pseudoheptascelio ticosp. n. and Pseudoheptascelio rexsp. n. The genus is found from Guatemala south to the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The species Pseudoheptascelio cornopis is recorded as a parasitoid of the eggs of Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) on water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.The genus  Pseudoheptascelio was described by Tanaoscelio for a single species collected in Trinidad and recorded as attacking the eggs of Cornops longicorne (Bruner) , a grasshopper that was being studied as a potential biological control agent for water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms . The genus Pseudoheptascelio is found only in the New World tropics, from Belize and Guatemala south to southeastern Brazil. The distribution of the only known host, Cornops, is very similar, although its range extends north along the coasts of Mexico  suggest that the species identification of the host should be updated. Cornops longicorne is now considered to be a junior synonym of Cornops frenatum . This latter species, however, is terrestrial and its host plants are unknown (Eichhornia in Trinidad appears to be Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) (f Mexico . Develop unknown . The onl(Bruner) .1; BMNH, The Natural History Museum, London, UK2; BPBM, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI3; CNCI, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada4; HNHM, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary5; MIZA, Museo del Instituto de Zoolog\u00eda Agr\u00edcola, Maracay, Venezuela6; OSUC, C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH7; TAMU, Texas A&M University Insect Collection, College Station, TX8; USNM, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC9.This work is based upon specimens in the following collections, with abbreviations used in the text: AEIC, American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, FLPageBreak 1, 2, ... 7; S1, S2, \u2026 S7: metasomal sternite 1, 2, \u2026 7. Morphological terminology otherwise follows Abbreviations and morphological terms used in text: A1, A2, ... A12: antennomere 1, 2, \u2026 12; claval formula: distribution of the large, multiporous basiconic sensilla on the underside of apical antennomeres of the female, with the segment interval specified followed by the number of sensilla per segment ; EH: eyeHymenoptera Anatomy Ontology  by appending the identifier to 'http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/' (e.g. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000124). URLs in the format http://purl.org/net/hao/HAO_0123456 resolve to the HAO\u2019s community-based resource that includes additional images, notes, and other metadata.Appendix 1 lists terms associated with identifiers in the Ontology . IdentifHymenoptera On-Line database, and details on the data associated with these specimens can be accessed at the following link, hol.osu.edu, and entering the identifier in the form. Note the space between the acronym and the number.In the Material Examined section the numbers prefixed with \u201cOSUC\u201d are unique identifiers for the individual specimens. The label data for all specimens have been georeferenced and recorded in the Pseudoheptascelio can be accessed at http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=548. The generic and species descriptions were generated using a database application, vSysLab, designed to facilitate the production of a taxon by character data matrix, and to integrate those data with the existing taxonomic and specimen-level database. Data may be exported in both text format and as input files for other applications. The text output for descriptions is in the format of \"Character: Character state (s)\". Images and measurements were made using AutoMontage and Cartograph extended-focus software, using JVC KY-F75U digital camera, Leica Z16 APOA microscope, and 1X objectve lens. A standard set of images is provided for each species: dorsal habitus, lateral habitus, dorsal and lateral views of the head and mesosoma, and anterior view of head. Images are archived at Morphbank (www.morphbank.net) and in Specimage (specimage.osu.edu), the image database at The Ohio State University.Data associated with the genus www.zoobank.org), and other taxonomic names, where appropriate, have been retrospectively registered. The external hyperlinks are explicitly cited in the endnotes so that users of the printed version of this article have access to the same resources. Life sciences identifiers, LSIDs, may be resolved at the specified URLs or at lsid.tdwg.org.The electronic version of the paper contains hyperlinks to external resources. Insofar as possible, the external information conforms to standards developed and maintained through the organization Biodiversity Information Standards (Taxonomic Database Working Group). All new species have been prospectively registered with Zoobank ;  Szab\u00f3, 1966: 166 ; Pseudoheptascelio Szab\u00f3). Masner, 1972: 1213 .Head. Head shape in dorsal view: weakly transverse, width approximately 1.5\u00d7 greatest length. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina: present laterally, broadly interrupted medially. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. OOL: lateral ocellus nearly contiguous with inner orbits, OOL < 0.5 OD. Upper portion of frons: convex, without frontal shelf. Scrobe shape: frons with shallow unmargined depression above toruli. Frons sculpture: areolate rugose, transversely striate within scrobe. Submedian carina: absent. Orbital carina: absent. Inner orbits: diverging ventrally. IOS/EH: IOS slightly less than EH. Interantennal process: rounded, strongly developed. Central keel: absent. Torulus opening: laterally on interantennal process. Lower frons striae: absent. Malar sulcus: present. Compound eye size: of normal proportions, not significantly reduced. Compound eye setation: sparsely setose. Gena: broad, convex, distinctly produced behind eye. Clypeus shape: transversely rectangular. Apical margin of clypeus: straight. Anteclypeus: present, delimited dorsally by raised carina. Postclypeus: present, strongly transverse. Labrum: not visible, hidden behind clypeus. Mandible shape: short, inconspicuous. Mandibular teeth: apex with 2, acute, subequal teeth. Arrangement of mandibular teeth: transverse. Number of maxillary palpomeres: 4. Shape of maxillary palpomeres: cylindrical. Number of labial palpomeres: 2.Antenna. Number of antennomeres in female: 12. Number of antennomeres in male: 10. Insertion of radicle into A1: parallel to longitudinal axis of A1. Shape of A1: more or less cylindrical, not flattened. Length of A3 of female: distinctly longer than A2. Number of clavomeres in female antenna: 7. Claval formula of female antenna: A12\u2013A7/1-2-2-2-2-2. Arrangement of doubled multiporous plate sensilla on female clava: in longitudinal pairs. Tyloid distribution on male antenna: A5 only. Shape of male flagellum: subclavate.PageBreakMesosoma. Mesosoma shape in dorsal view: longer than wide. Mesosoma shape in lateral view: longer than high. Medial portion of transverse pronotal carina: weakly indicated laterally. Posterior apex of pronotum in dorsal view: straight, bifid apically to articulate with tegula. Vertical epomial carina: present. Dorsal epomial carina  R/R1 attains costal margin. Development of basal vein (Rs+M) in fore wing: spectral. Development of R in hind wing: abbreviated, not attaining costal margin.Metasoma. Number of externally visible terga in female: 6. Number of externally visible sterna in female: 6. Number of externally visible terga in male: 7. Number of externally visible sterna in male: 7. Shape of metasoma: lanceolate. Laterotergites: present, narrow. Laterosternites: present. T1 of female: raised medially into low, rectangular platform, laterally depressed. Relative size of metasomal tergites: T2\u2013T4 largest, subequal in size. Terga with basal crenulae: T1\u2013T3. Sublateral carinae on tergites: present on T1\u2013T4. Median longitudinal carina on metasomal tergites: present T2\u2013T3, variably extending beyond. Anterior margin of S1: protruding anteriorly as short sharp extension of median longitudinal carina of S1. Distribution of felt fields: present on S2, S3. Ovipositor type: Scelio-type urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:270062C9-88EC-4138-8ADF-284DF6B24F93urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5132http://species-id.net/wiki/Pseudoheptascelio_cornopisTanaoscelio cornopis Masner, 1972: 1214 .Pseudoheptascelio cornopis (Masner): Masner, 1976: 18 (generic transfer). Body length of female: 4.37\u20135.45 mm (n=11). Body length of male: 4.58\u20135.22 mm (n=4). Mesosoma color: black. Body microsculpture pattern: smooth.PageBreak subequal to width. Shape of female A5: transverse. Shape of female A6: distinctly transverse.Rugae on occiput: reticulate. Microsculpture between occipital rugae: foveolate . Setae on crests of occipital rugae: absent. Shape of female A4: lengthSetation of pronotal depression: moderately to densely setose. Setation of netrion: moderately to densely setose . Sculpture of midlobe of mesoscutum: foveate to areolate anteriorly, sculpture effaced, sparser posteriorly . Number of trabecula across transscutal articulation: 7\u20138, widely spaced. Shape of metascutellum: short, shallowly cleft medially . Sculpture of mesopleural depression: almost entirely sculptured, with transverse rugulae and interspersed irregular fovea.PageBreakSculpture of T2\u2013T3: irregularly reticulate, without longitudinal orientation. Length/width of female T5: 1.61\u20132.22 mm (n=12). Length/width of female T6: 1.10\u20131.50 mm (n=11). Sculpture of T6: with reticulate microsculpture only. Apex of male T7: pointed laterally, shallowly excavate or straight medially .Pseudoheptascelio cornopis is distinguished from Pseudoheptascelio muesebecki by the densely and finely sculptured vertex and the more elongate T5 (length/width 1.6\u20132.2).11 [http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=5132]Cornops Scudder: [Orthoptera: Acrididae]; solitary egg parasitoid of Cornops Scudder: [Orthoptera: Acrididae]; unspecified association Cornops frenatum : [Orthoptera: Acrididae]; emerged from egg of Cornops longicorne (Brunner): [Orthoptera: Acrididae]; solitary egg parasitoid of Cornops longicorne (Brunner): [Orthoptera: Acrididae]; emerged from egg on Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.): [Liliales: Pontederiaceae]; solitary egg parasitoid ex Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.): [Liliales: Pontederiaceae]; unspecified association Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.): [Liliales: Pontederiaceae] Data from specimen labels: emerged from egg of Holotype, female, Tanaoscelio cornopis: TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Trinidad Isl., D\u00e9b\u00e9, V-1970, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.772 (deposited in BMNH). Paratypes: TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 3 females, 1 male, 2 unknowns,PageBreak BMNH(E)#790244\u2013790245 (BMNH); OSUC 186160\u2013186162 (CNCI); OSUC 248318 (USNM). Other material:  BOLIVIA: 7 females, 1 male, OSUC 186242, 186245\u2013186250, 186253 (CNCI). BRAZIL: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC 186241 (CNCI); OSUC 131887 (OSUC). GUYANA: 1 female, OSUC 215796 (BPBM). Allotype: TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 1 male, BMNH(E)#790243 (BMNH). VENEZUELA: 1 female, OSUC 221615 (MIZA).Pseudoheptascelio muesebecki, in contrast, was characterized as having the area around the stigmal vein transparent. We find that there is considerable variability in the development of the pseudostigma and that it is present in all specimens of Pseudoheptascelio. In the brief key to species Szab\u00f3urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E3EF612E-195C-45DD-86BA-14EB72125754urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5133http://species-id.net/wiki/Pseudoheptascelio_muesebeckiPseudoheptascelio muesebecki Szab\u00f3, 1966: 167 ; Masner, 1976: 18 (type information). Body length of female: 4.09\u20135.42 mm (n=15). Mesosoma color: black. Body microsculpture pattern: smooth.Rugae on occiput: reticulate. Microsculpture between occipital rugae: absent. Setae on crests of occipital rugae: absent. Shape of female A4: length subequal to width. Shape of female A5: transverse. Shape of female A6: distinctly transverse.Setation of pronotal depression: moderately to densely setose . Setation of netrion: moderately to densely setose. Sculpture of midlobe of mesoscutum: foveate to areolate throughout; foveate to areolate anteriorly, or sculpture effaced, sparser posteriorly . Number of trabecula across transscutal articulation: 7\u20138, widely spaced. Shape of metascutellum: short, shallowly cleft medially . Sculpture of mesopleural depression: almost entirely sculptured, with transverse rugulae and interspersed irregular fovea.Sculpture of T2\u2013T3: irregularly reticulate, without longitudinal orientation. Length/width of female T5: 1.26\u20131.80 mm (n=15). Length/width of female T6: 1.05\u20131.53 mm (n=15). Sculpture of T6: with reticulate microsculpture only.Pseudoheptascelio cornopis, and it may be distinguished by the less elongate T5 and the coarse areolate sculpture on the vertex. This species is very similar to 13 [http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=5133]No data available.Holotype, female: BRAZIL: PA, Bel\u00e9m, no date, E. Horv\u00e1th, HNHM 0015 (deposited in HNHM). Other material:  BOLIVIA: 1 female, PageBreakOSUC 186244 (CNCI). BRAZIL: 9 females, OSUC 186233\u2013186240 (CNCI); OSUC 58878 (OSUC). ECUADOR: 1 female, OSUC 186208 (CNCI). PARAGUAY: 2 females, OSUC 176024, 176033 (OSUC). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 1 female, OSUC 186163 (CNCI). PageBreakJohnson & Musettisp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:32540FD3-5763-4536-BD1A-A50849D8A6D6urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:242983http://species-id.net/wiki/Pseudoheptascelio_rex Body length of female: 4.13\u20135.26 mm (n=20). Body length of male: 4.50\u20135.16 mm (n=13). Mesosoma color: black; red brown at least dorsally, otherwise dark to brown black. Body microsculpture pattern: smooth.Rugae on occiput: longitudinal. Microsculpture between occipital rugae: absent. Setae on crests of occipital rugae: present. Shape of female A4: length subequal to width; length distinctly greater than width. Shape of female A5: transverse; subquadrate. Shape of female A6: distinctly transverse; weakly transverse.Setation of pronotal depression: glabrous or sparsely setose. Setation of netrion: moderately to densely setose. Sculpture of midlobe of mesoscutum: foveate to areolate throughout . Number of trabecula across transscutal articulation: 7\u20138, widely spaced. Shape of metascutellum: short, shallowly cleft medially . Sculpture of mesopleural depression: foveolate anteriorly, transversely rugulose ventrally, with large smooth area dorsally surrounding mesopleural pit.Sculpture of T2\u2013T3: reticulate, with distinct longitudinal orientation. Length/width of female T5: 0.89\u20131.72 mm (n=20). Length/width of female T6: 0.81\u20131.26 mm (n=20). Sculpture of T6: with shallow foveolae impressed on reticulate background microsculpture. Apex of male T7: pointed laterally, shallowly excavate or straight medially.Pseudoheptascelio tico. It may be distinguished by the short metascutellum  and the absence of coriaceous microsculpture on the head and mesosoma. This species shares the short female T6  and, in many specimens, the red mesosoma with  The specific epithet is Latin for king and should be treated as a noun in apposition.15 [http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=242983]Trichocentrum panamensis Rolfe: [Orchidales: Orchidaceae] Data from specimen labels: collected on Holotype, female: ECUADOR: Sucumb\u00edos Prov., Sacha Lodge, 00\u00b030'S, 76\u00b030'W, 270m, 27.VIII\u201310.IX.1995, malaise trap, P. Hibbs, OSUC 186230 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes:  BOLIVIA: 6 females, 1 male, OSUC 186251\u2013186252, 186254\u2013186258 (CNCI). COLOMBIA: 10 females, 2 males, OSUC 287928 (CNCI); OSUC 210338\u2013210341 (FSCA); OSUC 144252\u2013144253, 189092, 191363, 193964, 210336, 224326 (OSUC). COSTA RICA: 2 females, OSUC 186186, 186194 (CNCI). ECUADOR: 19 females, 9 males, PageBreakOSUC 186203\u2013186207, 186209\u2013186229, 186231 (CNCI); OSUC 58879 (OSUC). FRENCH GUIANA: 2 females, OSUC 186202, 287926 (CNCI). GUYANA: 1 male, OSUC 215795 (BPBM). NICARAGUA: 1 male, OSUC 320737 (TAMU). PANAMA: 9 females, OSUC 186199\u2013186200 (CNCI); OSUC 248311\u2013248317 (USNM). PERU: 1 female, OSUC 186232 (CNCI).PageBreakJohnson & Musettisp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:23DBB9A2-4F23-4F7E-AFC8-38A2906EE95Eurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:242982http://species-id.net/wiki/Pseudoheptascelio_tico Body length of female: 4.44\u20135.14 mm (n=12). Body length of male: 4.42\u20134.85 mm (n=5). Mesosoma color: red brown at least dorsally, otherwise dark to brown black. Body microsculpture pattern: with widespread superimposed coriaceous microsculpture.Rugae on occiput: reticulate. Microsculpture between occipital rugae: absent. Setae on crests of occipital rugae: absent. Shape of female A4: length distinctly greater than width. Shape of female A5: subquadrate. Shape of female A6: weakly transverse.Setation of pronotal depression: glabrous or sparsely setose . Setation of netrion: glabrous or sparsely setose. Sculpture of midlobe of mesoscutum: foveate to areolate throughout . Number of trabecula across transscutal articulation: 9\u201311, closely spaced. Shape of metascutellum: distinctly elongate, deeply cleft medially. Sculpture of mesopleural depression: irregularly foveolate, transverse rugulae very weakly indicated.Sculpture of T2\u2013T3: reticulate, with distinct longitudinal orientation. Length/width of female T5: 0.97\u20131.16 mm (n=13). Length/width of female T6: 0.93\u20131.13 mm (n=13). Sculpture of T6: with shallow foveolae impressed on reticulate background microsculpture. Apex of male T7: weakly pointed laterally, distinctly sinuous medially.Pseudoheptascelio rex. It may be distinguished by the well-developed coriaceous microsculpture on the head and mesosoma, and the elongate, deeply cleft metascutellum . This species should only be confused with red specimens of  The specific epithet is a colloquial term for a Costa Rican, reflecting the origin of most of the specimens we have seen. It should be treated as a noun in apposition.17 [http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=242982]No data available.Holotype, female: COSTA RICA: Alajuela Prov., creekbed, San Ram\u00f3n Biological Station, 700m, 24.III\u201326.III.1996, yellow pan trap, L. Masner, OSUC 186191 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes:  BELIZE: 1 female, OSUC 287927 (USNM). COSTA RICA: 9 females, 5 males, OSUC 186181\u2013186185, 186187\u2013186190, 186192, 186195\u2013186198 (CNCI). GUATEMALA: 1 female, OSUC 186268 (AEIC). PANAMA: 1 female, OSUC 186201 (CNCI)."}
{"text": "In the article, \u201cLower Socioeconomic Status and Disability Among US Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease, 1999-2008,\u201d two errors occurred:The suggested citation for the article should read as follows:Suggested citation for this article: Plantinga LC, Johansen KL, Schillinger D, Powe NR. Lower socioeconomic status and disability among US adults with chronic kidney disease, 1999-2008. Prev Chronic Dis 2012;9:110052. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd9.110052In reference 2, the article title was omitted. Reference 2 should read as follows: 2. Curtin RB, Lowrie EG, DeOreo PB. Self-reported functional status: an important predictor of health outcomes among end-stage renal disease patients. Adv Ren Replace Ther. 1999;6(2):133-140. http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0052.htm. We regret any confusion or inconvenience this error may have caused.These corrections were made to our website on January 26, 2012, and appear online at"}
{"text": "AbstractAlticini genera from the Afrotropical region is reported. The paper includes the following for the flea beetle fauna occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: a key to their identification; habitus photos of all the genera; microscope and scanning electron micrographs of many diagnostic morphological characters; and an updated annotated catalogue with biogeographical notes that include new distributional data. The following new synonymies are proposed: Aphthona Chevrolat, 1836 = Ethiopia Scherer, 1972 syn. n.; Sanckia Duvivier, 1891 = Eugonotes Jacoby, 1897 syn. n.; Eurylegna Weise, 1910a = Eurylegniella Scherer, 1972 syn. n.; Kimongona Bechyn\u00e9, 1959a = Mesocrepis Scherer, 1963 syn. n.; Diphaulacosoma Jacoby, 1892a = Neoderina Bechyn\u00e9, 1952 syn. n.; Sesquiphaera Bechyn\u00e9, 1958a = Paropsiderma Bechyn\u00e9, 1958a syn. n.; Podagrica Chevrolat, 1836 = Podagricina Csiki in syn. n.; Amphimela Chapuis, 1875 = Sphaerophysa Baly, 1876a syn. n. The following new combinations are proposed: Blepharida insignis Brancsik, 1897 = Xanthophysca insignis  comb. n.; Blepharida multiguttata Duvivier, 1891 = Xanthophysca multiguttata  comb. n.; Hemipyxis balyana  comb. n.; Hemipyxis brevicornis  = Pseudadorium brevicornis  comb. n.; Hemipyxis cyanea  = Pseudadorium cyaneum  comb. n.; Hemipyxis gynandromorpha Bechyn\u00e9, 1958c = Pseudadorium gynandromorphum  comb. n.; Hemipyxis latiuscula Bechyn\u00e9, 1958c = Pseudadorium latiusculum  comb. n.; Hemipyxis soror  = Pseudadorium soror  comb. n. The genera Buphonella Jacoby, 1903aand Halticopsis Fairmaire, 1883a are transferred to the tribe Galerucini; the genus Biodontocnema Biondi, 2000 stat. prom. is considered to be valid and reinstated at generic level. Finally, a zoogeographical analysis of the flea beetle fauna in the Afrotropical region is provided.A revision of the Csiki in  = Pseuda Chrysomelidae is one of the largest phytophagous insect families and includes approximately 37,000 to 40,000 species . In our opinion, some of the recently established groupings, based on DNA sequences, still need further in-depth analysis because they are phylogenetically and biogeographically incomplete , there were three respected entomologists working on this fauna: L\u00e9on Fairmaire (1820\u22121906), a French specialist on Coleoptera and Hemiptera; Julius Weise (1844\u22121925), a German coleopterist that, during his life, published a large number of scientific papers, not only on Chrysomelidae but also on Coccinellidae, Curculionoidea and others; and Martin Jacoby (1842\u22121907), a German musician and coleopterist, who published 150 articles on leaf beetles after moving to London.We recently published an annotated catalogue of the Afrotropical flea beetle genera, based largely on data from the literature . Subsequ ecology . The chrAlticinae, then published many monographs (see References) on the flea beetle fauna of Sub-Saharan Africa and, to a lesser extent, Madagascar. They described many new genera and species between 1950 and 1970. More recently, contributions on the Afrotropical flea beetle fauna were published by Gerhard Scherer, Maurizio Biondi, Paola D\u2019Alessandro, Manfred D\u00f6berl, Serge Doguet, and Elizabeth Grobbelaar (see References).A decrease in the number of publications on the Afrotropical flea beetle fauna followed, until a revival in 1930\u22121940, initiated by the English coleopterist Gilbert Ernest Bryant (1878\u22121965) and the French chrysomelid specialist Victor Laboissi\u00e8re (1875\u22121942). Jan Bechyn\u00e9 (1920\u22121973) and Gerhard Scherer (1929-2012), specialists on the Galerucini; or genus-group names that are unavailable. The rules of the The catalogue is arranged alphabetically by generic names. Names in bold refer to flea beetle genera primarily occurring in the Afrotropical region; those in square brackets refer to: synonymies; genera incorrectly reported in the Afrotropical region; in some cases genera transferred to In addition to the author and date of publication, each genus-group name is accompanied by: a) synonymies, exclusively those for the Afrotropical region; b) bibliographic references, including the original description, other important taxonomic contributions, and distribution data; c) type species, including the method of species assignment; d) geographic distribution in the Afrotropical region cf.  and otheSpecimens were examined and dissected using WILD MZ12.5 and LEICA M205C binocular microscopes. Photomicrographs were taken using a Leica DFC500 camera and the Auto-Montage Pro 2006 software (license number: 15224*syn2459*153a2112_maurizio_266836). Scanning electron micrographs were taken using a PHILIPS SEM XL30 CP and HITACHI TM-1000. Morphometric measures were taken using the image analysis software Image-Pro Insight 8.0 (license number: 03080000-5385).PageBreaktional d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; MCSN: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \u2018Giacomo Doria\u2019, Genova, Italy; MRAC: Mus\u00e9e Royal de l\u2019Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium; MUAF: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic; MZHF: Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland; MZLU: Lund University, Sweden; NHMB: Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland; NHRS: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden; NMPC: Entomologick\u00e9 Odd\u011blen\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho Muzea, Praha-Kunratice, Czech Republic; SANC: South African National Collection, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; SMNS: Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany; TMSA: Ditsong: National Museum of Natural History , Pretoria, South Africa; ZMHB: Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany; ZSM: Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich, Germany.The type material examined during this study is preserved in the following institutions: BAQ: collection of M. Biondi, University of L\u2019Aquila, Italy; BMNH: The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; ISNB: Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium; MNHN: Mus\u00e9um NaAbbreviations.Morphology - LAN: length of antennae; LB: total length of body; LE: length of elytra; LHT: length of hind tibia; LHTS: length of hind tibial spur; LP: length of pronotum; WE: width of elytra; WP: width of pronotum. Regions - AFR: Afrotropical; AUR: Australian; CAF: Central Afrotropical; EAF: Eastern Afrotropical; ORR: Oriental; MAD: Madagascar; MAS: Mascarene Islands; NAR: Nearctic; NTR: Neotropical; PAR: Palaearctic; SAF: Southern Afrotropical; SEY: Seychelles Islands; SSA: Sub-Saharan Africa; WAF: Western Afrotropical. (?) record to be confirmed; (!) new record; (i) introduced.A new key for the identification of the Afrotropical flea beetle genera is proposed. In comparison with the key previously proposed by PageBreakFairmaire, 1902http://species-id.net/wiki/Abrarius=Entymosina Weise, 1910 (synonymized by Entymosina); 1958c: 9; Abrarius: Abrarius cribrosus Fairmaire, 1902: 261 (Madagascar: Plateau de l\u2019Ankara), designation by monotypy; Entymosina: Entymosina parvula Weise, 1910b: 439 (Madagascar: Nossib\u00e9), by present designation.Madagascar .No information.Gioia Bechyn\u00e9 (1955d: 77) is very similar to Abrarius, and may well be a synonym.Endemic to Madagascar and comprises about ten known species. The Neotropical genus Biondi & D\u2019Alessandro, 2007http://species-id.net/wiki/AfroalticaAfroaltica subaptera Biondi & D\u2019Alessandro, 2007: 100 , by original designation.Republic of South Africa  .Afroaltica subaptera was collected in an open field on Poaceae  (amineae) .Two species have been described.Afroalytus Scherer, 1961] and the Republic of South Africa .No information.Crepidodera betiokyensis Bechyn\u00e9 (1954a: 46) from Madagascar, erroneously attributed to this genus by Afrorestia Bechyn\u00e9 .Some species of this genus have been collected from plants in the family Crepidodera betiokyensis Bechyn\u00e9 (1954a: 46) from Madagascar, erroneously attributed to Afrocrepis Bechyn\u00e9 by Crepidodera sjostedti Weise (1910a: 221) from Kilimanjaro was incorrectly attributed to Asiorestia Jacobson, 1925  by Afrorestia Bechyn\u00e9 by PageBreakAbout twenty described species. Allomorpha Jacoby, 1892b] and Halticova rufoguttata Fairmaire, 1898; while Sphaerophysa Baly and Dibolosoma Jacoby. Moreover, there are no important diagnostic characters distinguishing Sphaerophysa from Amphimela, this latter characterized by a wide variability in the Afrotropical region. Therefore, the following new synonymy is proposed: Amphimela Chapuis, 1875 = Sphaerophysa Baly, 1876b syn. n. Material examined: Sphaerophysa clavicornis Baly (det. J. Bechyn\u00e9), \u201cMadagascar, Tananarive\u201d, 2 specimens (NMPC).PageBreakAbout thirty-five species have been described in the Afrotropical region. Fairmaire, 1902http://species-id.net/wiki/AnaxertaAnaxerta castanea Fairmaire, 1902: 268 (Madagascar: Ankarahitra), designation by monotypy.Madagascar .No information.A single species has been described.Bechyn\u00e9, 1960bhttp://species-id.net/wiki/AngulaphthonaAphthona heteromorpha Bechyn\u00e9, 1955c: 62 (Madagascar: Bas Mangoky), by original designation.Egypt, Tchad, Sudan, Somaliland, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zambia (!) [50 km W Kasama (BAQ)], Malawi (!) [Dedza (BAQ)], Mozambique, Republic of South Africa (!) [KwaZulu-Natal: Durban (SANC)], Madagascar, and Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia and North Yemen) .Angulaphthona heteromorpha collected on cotton plants, Gossypium sp.  (Aphthona).Five species are known from the Afrotropical region.Bechyn\u00e9, 1964http://species-id.net/wiki/AntanemoraLactica Erichson, 1847 (pars)Lactica); 1964: 145; .Lactica carbonaria Bechyn\u00e9, 1948a: 7 , by original designation.Madagascar .No information.There are about twenty known species .Chevrolat, 1836http://species-id.net/wiki/Aphthona=Ethiopia Scherer, 1972 syn. n.=Pseudeugonotes Jacoby, 1899 (synonymized by Ethiopia); Ethiopia).Aphthona: Altica cyparissiae Koch, 1803: 80 (Europe), by subsequent designation by Ethiopia: Ethiopia tricolor Scherer, 1972: 7 , by original designation; Pseudeugonotes: Pseudeugonotes vannutellii Jacoby, 1899a: 531 (Ethiopia: Sancurar-Amarr Burgi), designation by monotypy.Aphthona should be attributed to different genera , Australian, Nearctic, Oriental and Palaearctic regions . All thenera cf. .Euphorbiaceae, but also with Geraniaceae, Cistaceae, Rosaceae, Linaceae, Iridaceae, Malvaceae and Lythraceae .About one hundred species are described from Madagascar and Sub-Saharan Africa. There are no important diagnostic characters distinguishing Motschulsky, 1860http://species-id.net/wiki/ArgopistesArgopistes biplagiata Motschulsky, 1860: 236 (Siberia), designation by monotypy.Central, Eastern and Southern Africa, and Madagascar; Australian, Eastern Palaearctic, Nearctic, Northern Neotropical and Oriental regions .Oleaceae in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially with Olive trees [Olea europaea var. africana (Mill.)], on which the larvae are leaf miners and adults defoliators .Jacoby, 1892bhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Argopistoides=Torodera Weise, 1902a (synonymized by Torodera); Torodera): 437; Torodera).Argopistoides septempunctata Jacoby, 1892b: 932 [Burma (=Myanmar): Carin Cheb\u00e0], designation by monotypy; Torodera: Torodera octomaculata Weise, 1902a: 164 (Kwai), by subsequent designation by Scherer (1987:67).Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Kenya, Rwanda (!) , Republic of South Africa , Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, and Oriental region .Poaceae  (Oryza) in Kenya [cf. Torodera)].Genus reported from The Afrotropical region has four described species.Argopus Fischer, 1824], Rwanda (!) ; Seychelles, Sierra Leone (!) , Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental regions (Burundi (!) [Kibira National Park (BAQ)], Democratic Republic of the Congo (!) , Kenya (!) , Madagascar (!) , Malawi (!) [Dedza (BAQ)], Republic of South Africa (!)  were collected in forest, and Bikasha minor Maulik (1931: 259) in wet coastal meadows.In Seychelles, About ten species are known from the Afrotropical region .Biondi, 2000 stat. prom.http://species-id.net/wiki/BiodontocnemaBiodontocnema brunnea Biondi, 2000: 348 , designation by monotypy.Namibia .Biodontocnema brunnea is the only species in this genus, and it is associated with moist habitats (habitats .Chaetocnema Stephens by Biodontocnema and based their synonymy only on the examination of some photos and figures. Chaetocnema schlaeflii (Chaetocnema major (Biodontocnema (Biodontocnema (Biodontocnema (Biodontocnema (Biodontocnema (Biodontocnema); longer antennae that reach at least the middle of the elytra  in Sulawesi (Indonesia)   and in pdonesia) .Four species are known from Afrotropical region, one from Sub-Saharan Africa, probably introduced, and three from Madagascar.Stephens, 1831http://species-id.net/wiki/Chaetocnema=Brinckaltica Bechyn\u00e9, 1959b , by subsequent designation by Exorhina: Haltica chlorophana Duftschmid, 1825: 286 (Austria), by subsequent designation by Brinckaltica: Chaetocnema subaterrima Jacoby, 1900: 254 , by original designation.All zoogeographical regions .Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Poaceae , and Polygonaceae  [N\u2019Kongsamba (MCSN)] and Republic of Congo .No information.A single species has been described.Chaloenus Westwood, 1862].Weise, 1895http://species-id.net/wiki/Decaria=Embolimus Weise, 1902Decaria: Decaria tricolor Weise, 1895: 344 , designation by monotypy; Embolimus: Embolimus pauli Weise, 1902b: 304 (Kwai), designation by monotypy.Afrotropical region (excluding Madagascar) .Decaria is associated mainly with plans from the genera Heliotropium (Boraginaceae), Cola (Sterculiaceae) and Ocimum (Lamiaceae) (cf. eae) cf. .About twenty species have been described.Decarthrocera Laboissi\u00e8re, 1937] .No information.Gabonia miraculosa Scherer (1963: 652) in this genus  syn. n. Bechyn\u00e9, 1952 , designation by monotypy; Neoderina: Neodera (Neoderina) crassicornis Bechyn\u00e9, 1952: 251 , designation by monotypy.Madagascar .No information.Neoderina Bechyn\u00e9 from Diphaulacosoma. Therefore, the following new synonymy is proposed: Diphaulacosoma Jacoby, 1892a = Neoderina Bechyn\u00e9, 1952 syn. n. Material examined: Neodera (Neoderina) crassicornis Bechyn\u00e9, \u201cMadagascar, Ambohitsitondrona, x-xii.47, Michel leg.\u201d, \u201ctypus\u201d \u2642 and \u201ccotypus\u201d \u2640 (MNHN).Four species . No diagnostic characters distinguish Bechyn\u00e9, 1955bhttp://species-id.net/wiki/DjalloniaDjallonia maindra Bechyn\u00e9, 1955b: 534 , designation by monotypy.Democratic Republic of the Congo and Guinea .No information.PageBreakOnly one species is known.Biondi & D\u2019Alessandro, 2003http://species-id.net/wiki/DrakensbergianellaDrakensbergianella rudebecki Biondi and D\u2019Alessandro, 2003: 100 , designation by monotypy.Distribution. Republic of South Africa   .Drakensbergianella rudebecki is the only species in this genus. It lives in alpine meadows  on the Drakensberg and was collected on the inflorescences of Senecio and Helichrysum (Asteraceae) (eraceae) .A single species has been described.Jacoby, 1906http://species-id.net/wiki/DunbrodyaDunbrodya nitida Jacoby, 1906: 20 (Cape Colony), designation by monotypy.Ethiopia (!) [Sidamo (BAQ)] and the Republic of South Africa  .Dunbrodya nitida was collected on an Asparagus sp. (Asparagaceae) (agaceae) .Two species are known .Embolimus Weise, 1902b], Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Socotra Island (Yemen) .No information.PageBreakSeven species are known.Escaleriella Weise, 1907a], Rwanda, and Malawi (!) [Dedza (BAQ)] .No information.Eurylegniella Scherer from Eurylegna. The following synonymy is therefore proposed: Eurylegna Weise, 1910 = Eurylegniella Scherer, 1972 syn. n. Material examined: Eurylegniella guineensis (Bechyn\u00e9) (det. G. Scherer), \u201cImperial College, Expdn. Ghana 1960, 24.8.60, Bobiri Forest, Kumasi, Ashanti\u201d, 1 specimen (ZSM); \u201cCongo Belge, P.N.G., Miss. H. De Saeger, Mt Embe, 20-iv-1952, H. De Saeger, 3347\u201d, 1 specimen (MRAC).Six species have been described. There are no important diagnostic characters distinguishing Eurylegniella Scherer, 1972], designation by monotypy.Afrotropical (excluding Madagascar), Eastern Palaeartic, and Oriental regions .Anacardiaceae and Ericaceae , by original designation.Madagascar .No information.Galerucinae to the Alticinae (currently the tribe Alticini) by Mandarella Duvivier (1892b: 433)  cf. .Weise, 1902ahttp://species-id.net/wiki/Homichloda=Weiseana Jacoby, 1903a (synonymized by Weiseana); Homichloda: Homichloda pauli Weise, 1902a: 166 (Kwai), designation by monotypy; Weiseana: Weiseana barkeri Jacoby, 1903: 16 , by original designation.Kenya, Republic of South Africa , Tanzania and Zambia .Acacia species, trees in the family Fabaceae Hyphasoma); .Hyphasis: Oedionychis magica Harold, 1877b: 434 (India), by original designation. Hyphasoma: Hyphasoma inconspicua Jacoby, 1903b: 111 (India), by subsequent designation of Maulik (1926: 156).Mascarene Islands (probably introduced), Oriental region and South-Eastern part of the Palaearctic region .Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae (cf. This genus is associated with plants in the families ceae cf. .Hyphasoma Jacoby (Physoma Clark (Hyphasis (as Hyphasoma) sita  sita : 158, deMaulik, 1926http://species-id.net/wiki/JacobyanaSphaerophysa piceicollis Jacoby, 1889c: 195 (Burma), by original designation.Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Republic of South Africa (Eastern Cape Province), Zimbabwe (!) , and the Oriental region .No information for Afrotropical region.Three species have been described.Jamesonia Jacoby, 1895] .No information.Seven species have been described.Bechyn\u00e9, 1959ahttp://species-id.net/wiki/Kimongona=Mesocrepis Scherer, 1963 syn. n.Kimongona: Kimongona callifera Bechyn\u00e9, 1959a: 19 , by original designation. Mesocrepis: Mesocrepis lindemannae Scherer, 1963: 669 (Tanzania: Njombe), by original designation.Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of South Africa , Rwanda, and Tanzania .No information.Mesocrepis Scherer from Kimongona. Therefore, the following new synonymy is proposed: Kimongona Bechyn\u00e9, 1959 = Mesocrepis Scherer, 1963 syn. n.Type material examined: Mesocrepis lindemannae Scherer, \u201cTanganjika, Uwemba b. Njombe, 2000 m, 8\u201311.XI.1958, leg. C. Lindemann\u201d, paratypes 1\u2642 and 1\u2640 (NHMB).Three species are known.There are no significant diagnostic characters distinguishing Lactica Erichson, 1847] and Zambia (!) [35 km S of Kasama (BAQ)] .No information.Four species are known .Livolia Jacoby, 1903],Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia, Socotra Island (Yemen) and the Australian, Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental regions .Luperomorpha biondii D\u00f6berl (2012: 439) was collected in Socotra on Cephalocroton socotranus (Euphorbiaceae).Polyphagous cf. . There iLuperomorpha vittula  , by present designation; Poephila: Poephila lacessita Weise, 1895: 342 (Addah), designation by monotypy.Afrotropical (including Madagascar), Australian, Eastern Palaearctic, and Oriental regions .Lypnea flaveola  collected on Oncoba echinata Oliver (Flacourtiaceae) (Poephila).Escaleriella Weise and Lypnea Baly to be separate genera because of the difference in the shape of their elytral epipleura: expanded in Lypnea, but straight and narrow in Escaleriella.About ten species are known from Madagascar and Sub-Saharan Africa . Bechyn\u00e9 (1968: 1718) considered Macroorthocrepis Pic, 1921] and Western Africa; Australian, Eastern Palaearctic, and Oriental regions .Epacridaceae, Urticaceae, Cyatheaceae, Asteraceae and Arecaceae  transferred to Podagrica Chevrolat by Balanomorpha aethiopica Chapuis (1879: 13) transferred to Neumannia Weise nom. preocc. by Weise (1907).Mediafra Scherer, 1961], Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda The species of this genus generally live at altitudes above 2,500 m in mixed bamboo forests.Six species have been described.Musaka Bechyn\u00e9, 1958a], Nigeria and Uganda .No information.Nine species are known.Ochrosis Foudras, 1860], Republic of South Africa, Sierra Leone, Australian and Oriental regions .Lamiaceae in South Africa .Species in this genus are associated with plants from the family Three species are known.Sesquiphaera Bechyn\u00e9, 1958a= Weise, 1919http://species-id.net/wiki/PerichilonaPerichilona rufa Weise, 1919: 203 , by present designation.Tanzania .No information.Two species have been described.Weise, 1903http://species-id.net/wiki/PhiloponaOedionychus Berthold, 1827 (pars)Oedionychis (?) vernicata Gerstaecker, 1871: 84 (Zanzibar), by original designation.Afrotropical (excluding Madagascar), Australian, Oriental and Southern-Eastern Palaearctic regions .Philopona usambarica Csiki  in Kenya Phygasia: Altica unicolor Olivier, 1808: 699 (India), by original designation; Macroorthocrepis: Macroorthocrepis pallidicolor Pic, 1921: 14 (Abyssinia), designation by monotypy.Afrotropical (excluding Madagascar), Oriental and Palaearctic regions .Asclepiadaceae , by subsequent designation by All zoogeographical regions .Brassicaceae), Resedaceae, and Capparidaceae Physonychis africana Chapuis, 1875: 89 (East Africa), by original designation.Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Republic of South Africa , Sudan and Tanzania .Physodactyla rubiginosa  in Kenya (Physodactyla africana (Chapuis) from Digera arvensis Forssk. (Amaranthaceae) in Sudan (Physonychis).biginosa : 84 was in Kenya ; PhysodaSix described species.Clark, 1863http://species-id.net/wiki/Physoma=Tropidophora Thomson, 1858: 217 Hyphasoma Jacoby, 1903 (pars)Oedionychus Berthold, 1827 (pars)Physonychis); Physoma:Physoma tripartitum  (Gabon), by subsequent designation by Tropidophora: Tropidophora tripartita Thomson, 1858: 217 (Gabon), designation by monotypy.Central and Western Africa, and Madagascar No information.Tropidophora Thomson is not available because it was ambiguously applied .Two species known from Sub-Saharan Africa and about twenty from Madagascar.The genus-nameBechyn\u00e9, 1959http://species-id.net/wiki/PhysomandroyaAsphaera Chevrolat, 1843 (pars)Oedionychus Berthold, 1827 (pars)Physomandroya decorsei Bechyn\u00e9, 1959c: 319 (Madagascar: Ambowomb\u00e9), by original designation.Madagascar .No information.Asphaera melanarthra Fairmaire, 1886: 94  to this genus.Seven described species. Clark, 1860http://species-id.net/wiki/PhysonychisPhysonychis smaragdina Clark, 1860: 31 (Western Africa), by original designation.Physonychis varicornis Duvivier, 1891 from Madagascar was transferred to the genus Physoma Clark by Sub-Saharan Africa (absent in the southern-western part of SAF and Madagascar). No information.About thirty known species.Plectroscelis Chevrolat, 1836], Oriental , and Palaearctic regions .Malvaceae .The species in this genus are mainly associated with plants in the family ceae cf. : 128; soPodagricina Csiki from Podagrica. Therefore, the following new synonymy is proposed: Podagrica Chevrolat, 1836 = Podagricina Csiki in Heikertinger and Csiki, 1940 syn. n. Type material examined: Balanomorpha aethiopica Chapuis, \u201cBogos, 1870, Keren, O. Beccari\u201d, 4 syntypes (MCSN).About fifty species are known from Sub-Saharan Africa, with one having been recorded from Madagascar. There are no significant diagnostic characters distinguishing Podagricina Csiki in ; frons emipyxis  in Pseudemipyxis ]; elytraanterior  in Pseudemipyxis ]; hind tdadorium  [broadlyemipyxis ]. The foCsiki in : 461 = PCsiki in  comb. n.Pseudonisotra Bechyn\u00e9, 1968], Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda, and the Oriental region .No information.Eugonotes Jacoby from Sanckia. The following new synonymy is therefore proposed: Sanckia Duvivier, 1891 = Eugonotes Jacoby, 1897 syn. n. Type material examined: Eugonotes longicornis Jacoby, \u201cMadagascar, Diego Suarez\u201d, syntype \u2640 (BMNH).About twenty species are known from the Afrotropical region, most of these are from Madagascar. There are no significant diagnostic characters distinguishing Jacoby, 1897http://species-id.net/wiki/SerraphulaSerraphula aenea Jacoby, 1897: 557 , designation by monotypy.Republic of South Africa  and Zimbabwe .Species in this genus are known to be associated with plants in the family Asteraceae .Nineteen species have been described.Bechyn\u00e9, 1958ahttp://species-id.net/wiki/Sesquiphaera=Paropsiderma Bechyn\u00e9, 1958a syn. n.Sesquiphaera: Sphaeroderma mashonanum Jacoby, 1900: 252 , by original designation; Paropsiderma: Sphaeroderma anthrax Brancsik, 1910: 185 (Madagascar), designation by monotypy.Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Madagascar, Namibia, Republic of South Africa , Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe .No information.Paropsiderma Bechyn\u00e9 from Sesquiphaera. The following new synonymy is therefore proposed: Sesquiphaera Bechyn\u00e9, 1958 = Paropsiderma Bechyn\u00e9, 1958 syn. n. Material examined: Paropsiderma anthrax (Brancsik) (det. J. Bechyn\u00e9), \u201cMadagascar, Joffreville, 13.V.1953, F. Kaiser\u201d, 1 specimen (NHMB).There are about ten described species. No significant diagnostic characters distinguish Biondi, 2002bhttp://species-id.net/wiki/SeychellalticaChaetocnema mahensis Maulik, 1931: 250 (Seychelles: Mah\u00e9), by original designation.Indian Ocean (Seychelles) .The species in this genus are associated with indigenous forests in the Seychelles.Four species have been described.Weise, 1910ahttp://species-id.net/wiki/SjostedtiniaSjostedtinia montivaga Weise, 1910a: 206 (Kilimanjaro: Kibocho), by original designation.PageBreakKenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, .Sjostedtinia montivaga has been collected from Lobelia deckeni (Asch.) Hemsl. (Lobeliaceae) , and Sjostedtinia fordi Bryant, 1953 from a Senecio sp. (Asteraceae) in Uganda , and from a Lobelia sp. in Kenya .This genus lives at high altitudes on Kilimanjaro and Mount Elgon. Two species are known.Stephens, 1831http://species-id.net/wiki/Sphaeroderma=Argosomus Wollaston, 1867 , by subsequent designation by Maulik, (1926: 316); Argosomus: Argosomus epilachnoides Wollaston, 1867: 152 (Cape Verde Islands: Brava), by subsequent designation by Musaka: Sphaeroderma freyi Bechyn\u00e9, 1955b: 563 (Cameroon), by original designation.Sphaeroderma reported from the Neotropical and Nearctic regions should be attributed to different genera  and Australian, Oriental, and Palaearctic regions. The species of nera cf.  , designation by monotypy.Republic of South Africa (Western Cape Province) and Tristan da Cunha .Stegnaspea trimeni collected from Poaceae  in meadows .Six species are known.Scherer, 1963http://species-id.net/wiki/StuckenbergianaPodagrica glabrata Jacoby, 1899b: 349 , by original designation.Republic of South Africa  .No information.Only one species is known.Fairmaire, 1904http://species-id.net/wiki/TerpnochlorusChaloenus Westwood, 1862 (pars)Chaloenus); Terpnochlorus perrieri Fairmaire, 1904: 269 , designation by monotypy.Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Madagascar, Mali, Namibia, Sierra Leone, and South America (Venezuela and Mexico) .Juncaceae  synonymised s Bryant  with Ters Bryant ].Torodera Weise, 19082a] because of the occurrence of a high percentage of widespread genera that characterize the flea beetle fauna of these two archipeligoes. Moreover, faunistic similarity based on the widespread flea beetle genera also clusters the other zoogeographical regions together in two distinct groups, namely the Palaearctic-Oriental-Australian regions [(PAR-ORR)AUR] and Nearctic-Neotropical regions (NAR-NTR).The geographic distribution of Afrotropical flea beetle genera is therefore well characterized and it has distinct Malagasy and Sub-Saharan African components .Alticini genera endemic to the Afrotropical region is very high (71.0%), with the following distribution: Sub-Saharan Africa, 52 genera; Madagascar, 12; Seychelles Islands, 1; Sub-Saharan Africa-Madagascar, 4; Madagascar-Mascarene Islands, 1; Seychelles-Mascarene Islands, 1 , Oriental and, generally Australian regions, but also in the eastern part of the Palaearctic region. More specifically, the Palaeartic region shares 27 flea beetle genera with the Afrotropical region  occur in both the Afrotropical and Australian regions, although all of these can also be found throughout the Oriental region.The percentage of genera occurring in both the Afrotropical and another zoogeographical region is 32.0%, with the cosmopolitan component significant and well represented [8.0% of the total of 99] . The Afrl region , includiscar cf. . A signiTerpnochlorus, which only occurs in the Afrotropical region, Venezuela and Mexico (cf. Abrarius from Madagascar and Gioia from South America (see above), if confirmed, could indicate an interesting zoogeographical connection among the ancient regions of Gondwana  and Afrotropical/Neotropical regions (10.0%). All genera common to the Afrotropical, Nearctic and Neotropical regions are also found in all other zoogeographical regions with the exception of the genus xico cf. . MoreoveGondwana .As reported in Zomba belonging to the tribe Monoplatini, which mainly occurs in the Neotropical region with a few species found in the Nearctic region. The genus Opisthopygme, also from the Monoplatini, is also present in Australia (see above).The unique Afrotropical genus Bubiscus Savini, Furth and Joly (2009: 53), a recently described Costa Rican genus (1 species); NormalticaClavicornaltica Scherer (1974: 58), a genus occurring in the Oriental (18 species) and Australian regions (1 species) (cf. Kiskeya Konstantinov and Chamorro-Lacayo (2006: 276), which has nine-segmented clavate antennae - 2 species in the Dominican Republic; and Monotalla Bechyn\u00e9 (1956: 588), which has ten-segmented clavate antennae, with 1 species in Guadalupe . Both these genera have clavate or subclavate antennae with 11 segments, are subsphaerical in shape and very small, characteristics they share with related genera in Central America, such as: ies) cf. . Other vlupe cf. : 907.Metroserrapha Bechyn\u00e9, also occurs in the Mascarene Islands (Neodera, Physomandroya, Pseudadorium, Pseudophygasia, and Xanthophysca, show clear African affinities, but Antanemora, Ntaolaltica, and Metroserrapha are more closely related to Oriental genera (Anaxerta, Diphaulacosoma, Halticotropis, and Hildebrandtina, are probably all very ancient. Establishing their affinities with certainty, whether African or Oriental, is very difficult using only a comparative morphological approach.There are 39 flea beetle genera known from Madagascar, 13 of which are endemic. One of them,"}
{"text": "In the Author Byline, the name of the fifth author was misspelled.It should be: Hector Hernandez-Vargas.The correct Citation is: Rakosy Z, Ecsedi S, Toth R, Vizkeleti L, Hernandez-Vargas H, et al. (2013) Integrative Genomics Identifies Gene Signature Associated with Melanoma Ulceration. PLoS ONE 8(1): e54958. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054958In Table 1, in the second column and the '20-50' row, the correct value is 7."}
{"text": "Reference 31 is incomplete. The corrected reference is:Pan, S., Cheung, X. and Sifers, R.N. (2013) Golgi-situated ERManI contributes to the retrieval of ERAD substrates through a direct interaction with \u03b3-COP. Molecular Biology of the Cell 24, 1111-1121."}
{"text": "The name of the second author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Felix Luessi. The correct Citation is: Trinschek B, Luessi F, Haas J, Wildemann B, Zipp F, et al. (2013) Kinetics of IL-6 Production Defines T Effector Cell Responsiveness to Regulatory T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77634. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077634."}
{"text": "There was an error in the article title.The correct title is: Resveratrol as a Pan-HDAC Inhibitor Alters the Acetylation Status of Histone Proteins in Human-Derived Hepatoblastoma CellsThe correct citation is: Venturelli S, Berger A, B\u00f6cker A, Busch C, Weiland T, et al. (2013) Resveratrol as a Pan-HDAC Inhibitor Alters the Acetylation Status of Histone Proteins in Human-Derived Hepatoblastoma Cells. PLoS ONE 8(8): e73097. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073097"}
{"text": "The 5th author's last name was misspelled. The correct spelling of the author's name is: Adi Gundlapalli. The correct citation is: DeLisle S, South B, Anthony JA, Kalp E, Gundlapalli A, et al. (2010) Combining Free Text and Structured Electronic Medical Record Entries to Detect Acute Respiratory Infections. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13377. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013377."}
{"text": "An impact of the gut flora, the microbiota, on the modulation of allergies has been suspected for many years. Among non-pathogenic, colonizing organisms of the gut, probiotics play a special role in this regard and many experimental and clinical studies have focused on these micro-organisms. The presentation will first address immunologic concepts which are the basis of a potential action of probiotics, by presenting mostly experimental studies in animals. In the second part, clinical studies will be presented and will address mostly the timing of administration of probiotics, as well as specific effect on atopic disease prevention that have been studied. Finally, a critical review and interpretation based on the clinical studies available will be provided. The presentation should allow the attendance to understand which effect might be obtained by probiotics for prevention of atopic diseases. Selected references: 1 Sudo N, Sawamura S, Tanaka K, Aiba Y, Kubo C, Koga Y. The requirement of intestinal bacterial flora for the development of an ige production system fully susceptible to oral tolerance induction. J Immunol 1997; 159(4):1739-1745. 2 Majamaa H, Isolauri E. Probiotics: a novel approach in the management of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 99(2):179-185. 3 Kalliomaki M, Salminen S, Poussa T, Arvilommi H, Isolauri E. Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361(9372):1869-1871. 4 Viljanen M, Savilahti E, Haahtela T, Juntunen-Backman K, Korpela R, Poussa T et al. Probiotics in the treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome in infants: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Allergy 2005; 60(4):494-500. 5 Kopp MV, Hennemuth I, Heinzmann A, Urbanek R. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Probiotics for Primary Prevention: No Clinical Effects of Lactobacillus GG Supplementation. Pediatrics 2008; 121(4):e850-e856. 6 Boyle RJ, Ismail IH, Kivivuori S, Licciardi PV, Robins-Browne RM, Mah LJ et al. Lactobacillus GG treatment during pregnancy for the prevention of eczema: a randomized controlled trial. Allergy 2010; doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02507.x."}
{"text": "Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Indicates Functional ArbitrarinessThe correct version of the title is: Population-Specific Use of the Same Tool-Assisted Alarm Call between Two Wild Orangutan Populations (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Indicates Functional Arbitrariness. PLoS ONE 8(7): e69749. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069749 The correct citation is: Lameira AR, Hardus ME, Nouwen KJJM, Topelberg E, Delgado RA, et al. (2013) Population-Specific Use of the Same Tool-Assisted Alarm Call between Two Wild Orangutan Populations ("}
{"text": "An initial is missing in the fifth author's name. The correct name is: Carlo MT Marobbio. The correct citation is: Dolezal P, Aili M, Tong J, Jiang J-H, Marobbio CMT, et al. (2012) Legionella pneumophila Secretes a Mitochondrial Carrier Protein during Infection. PLoS Pathog 8(1): e1002459. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002459"}
{"text": "There was an error in the citation. The correct citation is: Iglesias MJ, Reilly S-J, Emanuelsson O, Sennblad B, Pirmoradian Najafabadi M, et al. (2012) Combined Chromatin and Expression Analysis Reveals Specific Regulatory Mechanisms within Cytokine Genes in the Macrophage Early Immune Response. PLoS ONE 7(2): e32306. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032306"}
{"text": "Recent positive clinical results in cancer immunotherapy point to the potential of immune-based strategies to provide effective treatment of a variety of cancers. In some patients, the responses to cancer immunotherapy are durable, dramatically extending survival. Extensive research efforts are being made to identify and validate biomarkers that can help identify subsets of cancer patients that will benefit most from these novel immunotherapies. In addition to the clear advantage of such predictive biomarkers, immune biomarkers are playing an important role in the development, clinical evaluation and monitoring of cancer immunotherapies. This Cancer Immunotherapy Resource Document, prepared by the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer , provides key references and online resources relevant to the discovery, evaluation and clinical application of immune biomarkers. These key resources were identified by experts in the field who are actively pursuing research in biomarker identification and validation. This organized collection of the most useful references, online resources and tools serves as a compass to guide discovery of biomarkers essential to advancing novel cancer immunotherapies. Immunotherapy has emerged as an important treatment strategy for patients with cancer. With several recent approvals by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), cancer immunotherapy has become the latest addition to the toolbox of effective cancer treatments that includes chemotherapy, signal transduction inhibitors, anti-angiogenic agents, radiotherapy, and surgery.Successful development and testing, regulatory approval and clinical application of cancer immunotherapies require the identification and validation of biomarkers of efficacy. The importance of reliable biomarkers to guide immune-based and personalized cancer therapies is clear. Biomarkers can aid in early disease diagnosis, help clinicians identify patients most likely to benefit from these expensive treatments, and facilitate drug discovery, development and biological/clinical evaluation of cancer immunotherapies.For over twenty-five years the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer  has advanced the science, development and application of biological therapy/immunotherapy of cancer. The society has long recognized the importance of biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy, which has been the focus of a number of SITC/iSBTc symposia and workshops -5, and hTo support the efforts of investigators involved in research to identify and validate biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy, the authors and members of the SITC Biomarkers Taskforce have identified key biomarker references and online resources and organized these into this SITC/iSBTc Cancer Immunotherapy Biomarkers Resource Document. This document provides an overview of suggested publications and resources for studies on biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy. This resource document is divided into two sections: Part I: Immunotherapy Biomarker References; and Part II: High Throughput and New Technologies for Biomarker Discovery: Arrays, Platforms, Tools for The Bench and Online Resources. While many important references and resources in the field are included in this document, it does not intend to represent an exhaustive list of all relevant publications, products or resources in the growing, and important field of immune biomarkers. A comprehensive list of online tools for bioinformatics and molecular biology research is available from the Bioinformatics Links Directory ,12.A draft of the present document was originally provided to attendees of the SITC/iSBTc Symposium on Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers, 2010 and Beyond: Perspectives from the iSBTc Biomarker Task Force Kirkwood JM, Butterfield LH, Tarhini AA, Zarour H, Kalinski P, Ferrone S: Immunotherapy of Cancer in 2011 CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians [in press]Ascierto ML, De Giorgi V, Liu Q et al.: An immunologic portrait of cancer. Journal of Translational Medicine, .Gajewski TF, Fuertes M, Spaapen R, et al.: Molecular profiling to identify relevant immune resistance mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Curr Opin Immunol 23:286-92, 2011Disis ML: Immunologic biomarkers as correlates of clinical response to cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 60:433-42, 2011Sznol M: Molecular markers of response to treatment for melanoma Cancer J 17:127-33, 2011Bedognetti D, Wang E, Sertoli MR, Marincola FM. Gene-expression profiling in vaccine therapy and immunotherapy for cancer. Expert Rev Vaccines 6:555-65, 2010Slota M, Lim JB, Dang Y, Disis ML: ELISpot for measuring human immune responses to vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 10:299-306, 2011Gogas H, Eggermont AM, Hauschild et al: Biomarkers in melanoma. Ann Oncol. 20 Suppl 6:vi8-13, 2009Simon R: Translational research in oncology: key bottlenecks and new paradigms. Expert Rev Mol Med 12:e32, 2010Kirkwood JM, Tarhini AA, Panelli MC, Moschos SJ, Zarour HM, Butterfield LH,Gogas HJ: Next generation of immunotherapy for melanoma. J Clin Oncol 26:3445-55, 2008Freidlin B, McShane LM, Korn EL: Randomized clinical trials with biomarkers:design issues. J Natl Cancer Inst 3;102:152-60, 2011Zhao Y, Simon R: Development and validation of predictive indices for a continuous outcome using gene expression profiles. Cancer Inform 9:105-114, 2010Chaussabel D: Data management: it starts at the bench. Nat Immunol. 10:1225-7, 2009Chaussabel D, Quinn C, Shen J, et al.: A modular analysis framework for blood genomics studies: Application to systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunity 29:150-164, 2008Bredel M, Scholtens D, Harsh GR, et al.: Model of a cooperative genetic landscape in gliomas. Neuro-Oncology 11:606, 2009Simon R: The use of genomics in clinical trial design. Clin Cancer Res 14:5984-5993, 2008Simon R: Development and validation of biomarker classifiers for treatment selection. J Stat Plan Infer 138:308-320, 2008Nacu S, Critchley-Thorne R, Lee P, et al.: Gene expression network analysis and applications to immunology. Bioinformatics 23:850-858, 2007Dupuy A, Simon RM: Critical review of published microarray studies for cancer outcome and guidelines on statistical analysis and reporting. J Natl Cancer Inst 99:147-57, 2007Linnarsson S: Recent advances in DNA sequencing methods - general principles of sample preparation. Exp Cell Res 316:1339-1343, 2010Metzker ML: Sequencing technologies - the next generation. Nat Rev Genet 11:31-46, 2010Maecker HT, Nolan GP, Fathman CG: New technologies for autoimmune disease monitoring. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 17:322-328, 2010Ornatsky O, Bandura D, Baranov V, et al.: Highly multiparametric analysis by mass cytometry. J Immunol Method 361:1-20, 2010Newell EW, Klein LO, Yu W, Davis MM.: Simultaneous detection of many T-cell specificities using combinatorial tetramer staining. Nat Methods 6:497-9, 2009Hadrup SR, Bakker AH, Shu CJ, et al.: Parallel detection of antigen-specific T-cell responses by multidimensional encoding of MHC multimers. Nat Methods 6:520-6, 2009Lugli E, Roederer M, Cossarizza A: Data analysis in flow cytometry: the future just started. Cytometry A 77:705-713, 2010Ryan BM, Robles AI, Harris CC: Genetic variation in microRNA networks: the implications for cancer research. Nat Rev Cancer 10:389-402, 2010Collas P: The current state of chromatin immunoprecipitation. Mol Biotechnol 45:87-100, 2010Espina V, Wulfkuhle J, Liotta LA: Application of laser microdissection and reverse-phase protein microarrays to the molecular profiling of cancer signal pathway networks in the tissue microenvironment. Clin Lab Med 29:1-13, 2009Luchini A, Longo C, Espina V, et al.: Nanoparticle technology: Addressing the fundamental roadblocks to protein biomarker discovery. J Mater Chem 19:5071-5077, 2009Park PJ: ChIP-seq: advantages and challenges of a maturing technology. Nat Rev Genet 10:669-680, 2009Hanash SM, Pitteri SJ, Faca VM: Mining the plasma proteome for cancer biomarkers. Nature 452:571-579, 2008Wang E, Marincola FM: Bottom up: a modular view of immunology. Immunity 2:9-11, 2008Gulmann C, Sheehan KM, Kay EW, et al.: Array-based proteomics: mapping of protein circuitries for diagnostics, prognostics, and therapy guidance in cancer. J Pathol 208:595-606, 2006DeAngelis JT, Farrington WJ, Tollefsbol TO: An overview of epigenetic assays. Mol Biotechnol 38:179-183, 2008Gilad Y, Borevitz J: Using DNA microarrays to study natural variation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 16:553-558, 2006Speer R, Wulfkuhle JD, Liotta LA, et al.: Reverse-phase protein microarrays for tissue-based analysis. Curr Opin Mol Ther 7:240-245, 2005Perfetto SP, Chattopadhyay PK, Roederer M: Seventeen-colour flow cytometry: unravelling the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 4:648-655, 2004Hanash S: Disease proteomics. Nature 422:226-232, 2003ExamplesDisis ML, dela Rosa C, Goodell V, et al.: Maximizing the retention of antigen specific lymphocyte function after cryopreservation. J Immunol Methods 308:13-18, 2006Bull M, Lee D, Stucky J, et al.: Defining blood processing parameters for optimal detection of cryopreserved antigen-specific responses for HIV vaccine trials. J Immunol Methods 322:57-69, 2007Kierstead LS, Dubey S, Meyer B, et al.: Enhanced rates and magnitude of immune responses detected against an HIV vaccine: effect of using an optimized process for isolating PBMC. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses 23:86-92, 2007Ruitenberg JJ, Mulder CB, Maino VC, et al.: VACUTAINER CPT and Ficoll density gradient separation perform equivalently in maintaining the quality and function of PBMC from HIV seropositive blood samples. BMC Immunol 7:11, 2006Tree TI, Roep BO, Peakman M.: Enhancing the sensitivity of assays to detect T cell reactivity: the effect of cell separation and cryopreservation media. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1037:26-32, 2004Smith JG, Joseph HR, Green T, et al.: Establishing acceptance criteria for cell-mediated immunity assays using frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells stored under optimal and suboptimal conditions. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14:527-37, 2007McKenna KC, Beatty KM, Vicetti Miguel R, Bilonick RA: Delayed processing of blood increases the frequency of activated CD11b+ CD15+ granulocytes which inhibit T cell function. J Immunol Method 341:68-75, 2009ExamplesJin P, Han TH, Ren J, Saunders S, et al.: Molecular signatures of maturing dendritic cells: implications for testing the quality of dendritic cell therapies. J Transl Med 8:4, 2010Sheikh NA, Jones LA: CD54 is a surrogate marker of antigen presenting cell activation. Immunol Immunother 57:1381-1390, 2008Higano CS, Schellhammer PF, Small EJ, et al.: Integrated data from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials of active cellular immunotherapy with Sipuleucel-T in advanced prostate cancer. Cancer 115:3670-3679, 2009Butterfield LH, Gooding W, Whiteside TL: Development of a potency assay for human dendritic cells: IL-12p70 production. J Immunother 31:89-100, 2008Ayache S, Panelli M, Marincola FM, et al.: Effects of storage time and exogenous protease inhibitors on plasma protein levels. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 126:174-184, 2006Exampleshttp://www.cms.hhs.gov/CLIA/:Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) Guideline: http://www.ich.org/products/guidelines.htmlInternational Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) - common platform of Europe, Japan and United States authorities: Attig S, Price L, Janetzki S, Kalos M, Pride M, McNeil L, Clay T, Yuan J, Odunsi K, Hoos A, Romero P, Britten CM, Assay Working Group CC. A critical assessment for the value of markers to gate-out undesired events in HLA-peptide multimer staining protocols. J Transl Med, 9:108, 2011Maecker HT, Hassler J, Payne JK, et al.: Precision and linearity targets for validation of an IFNgamma ELISPOT, cytokine flow cytometry, and tetramer assay using CMV peptides. BMC Immunol 9:9, 2008Nomura L, Maino VC, Maecker HT: Standardization and optimization of multiparameter intracellular cytokine staining. Cytometry A 73:984-991, 2008Afonso G, Scotto M, Renand A, et al.: Critical parameters in blood processing for T-cell assays: validation on ELISpot and tetramer platforms. J Immunol Methods 359:28-36, 2010Britten CM, Gouttefangeas C, Welters MJ, et al.: The CIMT-monitoring panel: a two-step approach to harmonize the enumeration of antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes by structural and functional assays. Cancer Immunol Immunother 57:289-302, 2008Britten CM, Janetzki S, Ben Porat L, et al.: Harmonization guidelines for HLA-peptide multimer assays derived from results of a large scale international proficiency panel of the Cancer Vaccine Consortium. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009:1701-1713, 2009Britten CM, Janetzki S, van der Burg SH, et al.: Toward the harmonization of immune monitoring in clinical trials: quo vadis? Cancer Immunol Immunother 57:285-288, 2008Mander A, Gouttefangeas C, Ottensmeier C, et al.: Serum is not required for ex vivo IFN-gamma ELISPOT: a collaborative study of different protocols from the European CIMT Immunoguiding Program. Cancer Immunol Immunother 59:619-627Fahey JL, Aziz N, Spritzler J, et al.: Need for an external proficiency testing program for cytokines, chemokines, and plasma markers of immune activation. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 7:540-548, 2000Denny TN, Gelman R, Bergeron M, et al.: A North American multilaboratory study of CD4 counts using flow cytometric panLeukogating (PLG): a NIAID-DAIDS Immunology Quality Assessment Program Study. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 74 Suppl 1: S52-S64, 2008Boaz MJ, Hayes P, Tarragona T, et al.: Concordant proficiency in measurement of T-cell immunity in human immunodeficiency virus vaccine clinical trials by peripheral blood mononuclear cell and enzyme-linked immunospot assays in laboratories from three continents. Clin Vaccine Immunol 16:147-155, 2009Smith SG, Joosten SA, Verscheure V, et al.: Identification of major factors influencing ELISpot-based monitoring of cellular responses to antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 4:e7972, 2009Hanekom WA, Dockrell HM, Ottenhoff TH, et al.: Immunological outcomes of new tuberculosis vaccine trials: WHO panel recommendations. PLoS Med 5:e145, 2008Schloot NC, Meierhoff G, Karlsson Faresj\u00f6 M, et al.: Comparison of cytokine ELISpot assay formats for the detection of islet antigen autoreactive T cells. Report of the third immunology of diabetes society T-cell workshop. J Autoimmun 21:365-76, 2003Moodie Z, Price L, Gouttefangeas C, et al.: Response definition criteria for ELISPOT assays revisited. Cancer Immunol Immunother 59:1489-501, 2010ExamplesQuast S, Zhang W, Shive C, et al.: IL-2 absorption affects IFN-gamma and IL-5, but not IL-4 producing memory T cells in double color cytokine ELISPOT assays. Cell Immunol 237:28-36, 2005Shafer-Weaver K, Rosenberg S, Strobl S, et al.: Application of the granzyme B ELISPOT assay for monitoring cancer vaccine trials. J Immunother 29:328-335, 2006Malyguine A, Strobl SL, Shafer-Weaver KA, et al.: A modified human ELISPOT assay to detect specific responses to primary tumor cell targets. J Trans Med 2:9, 2004Kim GG, Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD, et al.: A novel multiparametric flow cytometry-based cytotoxicity assay simultaneously immunophenotypes effector cells: comparisons to a 4 h 51Cr-release assay. J Immunol Methods 325:51-66, 2007Devevre E, Romero P, Mahnke YD: LiveCount Assay: concomitant measurement of cytolytic activity and phenotypic characterisation of CD8(+) T-cells by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 311:31-46, 2006Zaritskaya L, Shafer-Weaver KA, Gregory MK, et al.: Application of a flow cytometric cytotoxicity assay for monitoring cancer vaccine trials. J Immunother 32:186-194, 2009Maecker HT, Dunn HS, Suni MA, et al.: Use of overlapping peptide mixtures as antigens for cytokine flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 255:27-40, 2001Whiteside TL, Zhao Y, Tsukishiro T, Elder EM, Gooding W, Baar J: Enzyme-linked immunospot, cytokine flow cytometry, and tetramers in the detection of T-cell responses to a dendritic cell-based multipeptide vaccine in patients with melanoma. Clin Cancer Res, 2003ExamplesMcShane LM, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W, et al.: Reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies (REMARK). J Natl Canc Inst 97:1180-1184, 2005http://www.mibbi.orgTaylor CF, Field D, Sansone SA, et al.: Promoting coherent minimum reporting guidelines for biological and biomedical investigations: the MIBBI project. Nat Biotechn 26:889-896, 2008Brazma A, Hingamp P, Quackenbush J, et al.: Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME)-toward standards for microarray data. Nat Genet 29:365-371, 2001http://www.miataproject.orgJanetzki S, Britten CM, Kalos M, et al.: \"MIATA\"-minimal information about T cell assays. Immunity 31:527-528, 2009Britten CM, Janetzki S, van der Burg SH, et al: Minimal information about T cell assays: the process of reaching the community of T cell immunologists in cancer and beyond. Cancer Immunol Immunother 60:15-22, 2011Lee JA, Spidlen J, Boyce K, et al.: MIFlowCyt: the minimum information about a Flow Cytometry Experiment. Cytometry A 73:926-930, 2008Spidlen J, Moore W, Parks D, et al.: Data file standard for flow cytometry, version FCS 3.1. Cytometry A 77:97-100, 2010ExamplesName: Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0Comment:1.8 million genetic markers, including more than 906,600 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and more than 946,000 probes for the detection of copy number variationWebsite:http://www.affymetrix.com/browse/products.jsp?productId=131533&navMode=34000&navAction=jump&aId=productsNav#1_1Name: Affymetrix DMET Plus Premier PackComment:Drug metabolism studies. Coverage of a wide range of genetic variations, including common and rare SNPs, insertions, deletions, tri-alleles, and copy number. 1,936 drug metabolism markers in 225 genesWebsite:http://www.affymetrix.com/browse/products.jsp?productId=131412&navMode=34000&navAction=jump&aId=productsNav#1_1Name: Illumina Omni MicroarrayComment:Next generation genome-wide association studies. The Omni family of microarrays will soon allow researchers to assay up to 5 million markers per sample, including comprehensive coverage of both common and rare variants identified by 1000 Genomes Project. As novel SNP sets are released into the public database, researchers using Omni products will have exclusive access to supplemental arrays that build up to the full 5 million variantsWebsite:http://www.illumina.com/landing/click/gwas.ilmn?scid=2011110PPC1&gclid=CJij6ffe26kCFQPc4AodcmxEZQName: Fluidigm Dynamic Array for SNP GenotypingComment:The Fluidigm Dynamic Arrays allow you to use your existing TaqMan\u00ae SNP Genotyping assays in a flexible and cost effective fashion. Each dynamic array allows you to setup up to 9,216 individual TaqMan reactions in a single experimentWebsite:http://www.expressionanalysis.com/services/category/fluidigm_dna_focused_set_snpName: TaqMan\u00ae Pre-Designed SNP Genotyping AssaysComment:Includes over 4.5 million SNP assays, including 3.5 million HapMap, and ~70,000 coding SNP assays. This collection now includes ~160,000 validated assays with associated minor allele frequency data availableWebsite:https://products.appliedbiosystems.com/ab/en/US/adirect/ab?cmd=catNavigate2&catID=600769&tab=TechSpecExamplesName:Agilent Human Genome CGH MicroarraysComment: High-resolution tool for genome-wide DNA copy number variation profiling. Comprehensive probe coverage is enhanced with emphasis on known genes, promoters, miRNAs, pseudoautosomal, and telomeric regionsWebsite:http://www.genomics.agilent.com/CollectionSubpage.aspx?PageType=Product&SubPageType=ProductDetail&PageID=1463Name: Nimblegen Cytogenetics (CGX) ArraysComment: Genome-wide analysis of DNA copy number changes with a subset of probes focused in disease-associated regionsWebsite: http://www.nimblegen.com/products/cgh/human.html#cytoExampleName: Affymetrix GeneChip\u00ae Human Mitochondrial Resequencing Array 2.0Comment:Detection of germ line and heteroplasmic mutations by delivering the complete mitochondrial genome with minimal PCR in only 48 hoursWebsite:http://www.affymetrix.com/support/technical/byproduct.affx?product=humitoreseqExamplesName: Agilent Human DNA Methylation MicroarraysComment:The array is specifically designed for analysis of methylated DNA derived from affinity-based isolation methods such as methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MDIP)Website:http://www.genomics.agilent.com/CollectionSubpage.aspx?PageType=Product&SubPageType=ProductDetail&PageID=2157Name: Nimblegen 2.1 M Whole-Genome Tiling SetComment:Whole-genome formats are available in two versions: a 10-array set at 100 bp probe interval or a 4-array set at > 200 bp probe intervalWebsite:http://www.nimblegen.com/products/methylation/whole_genome.htmlName: Illumina 450 K Infinium Methylation BeadChip KitComment:This assay allow to interrogate > 450,000 methylation sites per sample at single-nucleotide resolutionWebsite:http://www.illumina.com/products/methylation_450_beadchip_kits.ilmnExamplesName: Illumina MicroRNA Universal Array MatrixComment:miRNA analysisWebsite:http://www.illumina.com/products/microrna_universal_array_matrix.ilmnName: Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA ArrayComment:miRNA analysisWebsite:http://www.affymetrix.com/estore/browse/products.jsp;jsessionid=7386716AB0BD679701B518044ADA58F5?navMode=34000&productId=131473&navAction=jump&aId=productsNavName: Exiqon's miRCURY LNA microRNA ArrayComment:miRNA analysisWebsite:http://www.exiqon.com/microrna-microarray-analysisExamplesName: Nimblegen 2.1 M ChIP-Chip ArrayComment:ChIP-chip analysisWebsite:http://www.nimblegen.com/products/chip/index.htmlName: Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Promoter MicroarrayComment:ChIP-chip analysisWebsite:http://www.genomics.agilent.com/CollectionSubpage.aspx?PageType=Product&SubPageType=ProductDetail&PageID=1487Name: Affymetrix GeneChip Tiling ArraysComment:ChIP-chip analysisWebsite:http://www.affymetrix.com/estore/browse/level_three_category_and_children.jsp?parent=35808&expand=true&category=35818&fromAccordionMenu=true&subCategory=35818ExamplesName: Affymetrix Gene Chip Human Exon 1.0 ST ArrayComment:Whole genome microarray. With approximately four probes per exon and roughly 40 probes per gene, the GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Array enables two complementary levels of analysis--gene expression and alternative splicingWebsite:http://www.affymetrix.com/estore/browse/products.jsp?navMode=34000&productId=131453&navAction=jump&aId=productsNav#1_1Name: Agilent SurePrint G3 Human GE 8 \u00d7 60 K KitComment:Whole genome microarray. The SurePrint G3 Human GE 8 \u00d7 60 K Microarrays and Human GE 4 \u00d7 44 K v2 Microarrays are based on updated transcriptome databases for mRNA targets, while the SurePrint G3 arrays also include probes for lincRNAs (long intergenic non-coding RNAs). With the combination of mRNA and lincRNAs, it is possible to perform two experiments on a single microarray, confidently predicting lincRNA functionWebsite:http://www.genomics.agilent.com/CollectionSubpage.aspx?PageType=Product&SubPageType=ProductDetail&PageID=1515Name: Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip KitsComment:The HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip provides high throughput processing of 12 samples per BeadChip. Each array on the HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip targets more than 31,000 annotated genes with more than 47,000 probesWebsite:http://www.illumina.com/products/humanht_12_expression_beadchip_kits_v4.ilmnExamplesName: QuantiGene\u00ae Plex 2.0 Reagent System (Luminex Assay)Comment:Quantitatively measure 3-36 RNA targets simultaneouslyWebsite:http://www.panomics.com/index.php?id=product_6Name: Procarta Transcription Factor Profiling Kits (Luminex Assay)Comment:Quantitate the DNA binding activity of up to 44 different transcription factors (TFs) in a single well using nuclear extracts or whole cell lysatesWebsite:http://www.panomics.com/index.php?id=product_17Name: TaqMan\u00ae Probe-Based Gene Expression AnalysisComment:Quantitatively measure 1-384 RNA targets simultaneouslyWebsite:http://www.appliedbiosystems.com/absite/us/en/home/applications-technologies/qpcr-real-time-pcr/taqman-probe-based-gene-expression-analysis.htmlName: Fluidigm Dynamic Array for Single Cell Gene ExpressionComment:The Fluidigm Dynamic Array enables you to test up to 96 individual cells against 96 genes in a single experiment. The dynamic array assembles the cDNA material from individual cells and reagents to create individual qPCR reactionsWebsite:http://www.fluidigm.com/docs/Application_Note_Dynamic_Array_for_Single-Cell_GE_Analysis.pdfName: Nanostring nCounter Analysis System for digital gene expression analysisComment: The nCounter Analysis System utilizes a novel digital technology that is based on direct multiplexed measurement of gene expression and offers high levels of precision and sensitivity (< 1 copy per cell). The technology uses molecular \"barcodes\" and single molecule imaging to detect and count hundreds of unique transcripts in a single reaction.Website: http://www.nanostring.com/applications/technology/ExamplesName: NodalityComment:Single-cells network profiling (SCNP): advanced multiparametric quantitative flow cytometry to measure compound effects on multiple signaling cascades in a cell-type-specific mannerWebsite:http://www.nodalityinc.com/Name: NanoPro ImmunoassayComment:Characterization of proteins in extremely small and precious samples. Unlike traditional protein analysis techniques which require thousands to millions of cells, these assays require as few as 25 cells per assayWebsite:http://www.cellbiosciences.com/nanopro.htmlName: Invitrogen ImmunoassaysComment:Wide range of immunoassays using antibody pairs for single-analyte (ELISA kits) as well as multi-analyte (Lumibex assays) analysis or accurate quantitation of intracellular or extracellular proteinsWebsite:http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/Products-and-Services/Applications/Cell-and-Tissue-Analysis/Immunoassays.htmlName: Procarta Cytokine Profiling Assays (Luminex Assay)Comment:Quantitatively measure 3-30 cytokine proteins simultaneously from a variety of matrices including cell culture supernatants, serum or plasmaWebsite:http://www.panomics.com/index.php?id=products_luminexAssaysName: SearchLight Multiplex Immunoassay KitsComment:As many as 16 proteins (4 \u00d7 4 array in each well) can be measured per well simultaneously with each 50 \u03bcl sampleWebsite:http://www.aushon.com/Products-and-Services.phpName: MSD Multiplex Cytokines and ChemokinesComment:96-well; multiplex cytokine/chemokine kits for up to ten (10) analytes per well.384-well: Order multiplex cytokine/chemokine kits for up to four (4) analytes per wellWebsite:http://www.mesoscale.comName: ZeptomarkComment:Protein profiling for analysis of cell signaling pathwaysWebsite:http://www.zeptosens.com/en/Name: Signaling Protein Luminex AssaysComment:Multiplex assays for measuring signal transduction, post-translational modification & cleaved proteins in multiple research areas, using Luminexbead-based technologyWebsite:http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/Products-and-Services/Applications/Cell-and-Tissue-Analysis/Immunoassays/Immunoassays-misc/Multiplex-Bead-Based-Luminex-Technology/Luminex-Assays.htmlName: VeraCode Carboxyl Bead Sets and BeadXpress ReaderComment:Multiplexed protein arrays (up to 48 immunoassays in a single reaction in a standard 96-well microplate: detection of protein as low as 10 pg/ml)Website:http://www.illumina.com/products/veracode_carboxyl_bead_sets.ilmnName: Procarta SH2 Domain Plex Profiling Kits (Luminex Assay)Comment:Profile phosphotyrosine protein interactions against 30 SH2 binding in a single well using treated and untreated cell lysates. Protein-Protein interactionWebsite:http://www.panomics.com/downloads/13_4_SH2UM_2_V1.pdfName: Proto-ArrayComment:Advanced, high-content, functional protein microarray enables to scan thousands of proteins (> 9000) in as little as one day. Highly sensitive results for protein-protein interaction, kinase substrate identification, and serum profiling studiesWebsite:http://www.invitrogen.com/protoarrayName: Metal Nanoparticle Probes and Dynamic Light ScatteringComment:This assay is based on the use of gold nanoparticle probes combined with dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, named nanoDLSAY, a highly sensitive, fast and convenient one-step homogeneous immunoassay for monitoring and detecting biotargets, including cancer biomarkersWebsite:http://tt.research.ucf.edu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=6p5A2nGSYzA%3d&tabid=119ExamplesName: BD LSRFortessa\u2122 Cell AnalyzerComment:Up to 4 lasers to detect up to 18 colors simultaneouslyWebsite:http://www.bdbiosciences.com/instruments/lsr/index.jspName: The MACSQuant\u00ae AnalyzerComment: Three lasers, up to 8 colors, compact benchtop flow cytometer that is small in size; \u00ae Analyzer MACSQuantallows researchers to perform sensitive rare cell analysis using magnetic separationWebsite:http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/downloads/6760/6764/18602/MQ_brochure.pdfName: CyAn ADP AnalyzerComment:Up to 11 standard parameters and 9 colorsWebsite:http://www.coulterflow.com/bciflow/instrumentsus.phpName: Partec CyFlow\u00ae MLComment:3-laser configuration to detect up to 16 colorsWebsite:http://www.partec.com/cms/front_content.php?idcat=13Name: Accuri C6Comment:Standard 2-laser configuration, 4- color systemWebsite:http://www.accuricytometers.com/products/Next generation sequencing, possible applications: Whole Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing-Based analysis, Gene Regulation Analysis, SNP Discovery and Structural Variation Analysis, Cytogenetic Analysis, DNA-Protein Interaction Analysis (ChIP-Seq), Sequencing-Based Methylation Analysis, Small RNA Discovery and AnalysisExamplesName: Illumina - several systems, examples: HiSeq 2000 (Sequencing); HiScanSQ (Sequencing + Arrays) and MiSeqComment:Next generation sequencingWebsite:http://www.illumina.com/systems.ilmnName: Roche - several systems, examples: Genome Sequencer FLX System and GS Junior System (454 Sequencing)Comment:Next generation sequencingWebsite:http://www.454.com/Name: Applied Biosystems - several systems, examples: Solid 4 System and Solid PI System (Solid System)Comment:Next generation sequencingWebsite:http://www.appliedbiosystems.com/absite/us/en/home/applications-technologies/solid-next-generation-sequencing.htmlName: Ion Torrent PGMComment:Next generation sequencing: semiconductor technology allows runs in about 2 hours.Website:http://www.iontorrent.com/products-ion-pgm/Name:PacBio RSComment:Third generation sequencing: Long readlengths, single molecule sequencingWebsite:http://www.pacificbiosciences.com/productsExamples:Name: BRB - ArrayToolsComment:Microarray/array CGH analysis. BRB-Array Tools was developed by Dr. Richard Simon and BRB-ArrayTools Development Team, NCI, NIH. The program can be used for non-commercial purposes free-of-chargeWebsite:http://linus.nci.nih.gov/pilot/index.htmLicense needed:NoName: PartekComment:Next generation sequencing technologies, including gene expression and DGE, RNA-seq and alternative splicing, copy number and association, ChIP-chip, ChIP-seq, microRNA and SNP association studyWebsite:http://www.partek.com/License needed:YesName: Nexus Copy NumberComment:aCGH and SNP copy number analysisWebsite:http://www.biodiscovery.com/index/nexusLicense needed:YesName: Nexus ExpressionComment:Microarray gene expression analysisWebsite:http://www.biodiscovery.com/index/nexus-expressionLicense needed:YesName: mAdb (aka Mad Bee)Comment:Microarray gene expression analysisWebsite:http://madb.nci.nih.gov/License needed:NoName: BioconductorComment:Tools for the analysis and comprehension of high-throughput genomic data. Bioconductor uses the R statistical programming languageWebsite:http://www.bioconductor.org/License needed:NoName: MATLAB 7.11Comment:MATLAB is a high-level technical computing language and interactive environment for algorithm development, data visualization, data analysis, and numeric computationWebsite:http://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/description1.htmlLicense needed:YesName: GeneSifter\u00ae AnalysisComment:Software microarray and next generation sequencing analysisWebsite:http://www.geospiza.com/Contact/genesiftertrial_ng.shtmlLicense needed:YesName: ADaCGHComment:Web tool for the analysis of aCGH data setsWebsite:http://adacgh.bioinfo.cnio.es/License needed:NoName: ArrayStarComment:Gene expression analysis software package that includes visualization tools to help analyze microarray data, including Venn diagrams, a scatter plot, heat maps and line graphs for clustering, and a gene ontology treeWebsite:http://www.dnastar.com/t-products-arraystar.aspxLicense needed:YesName: GeneSpring GXComment:Statistical tools for fast visualization and analysis of expression and genomic structural variation dataWebsite:http://www.chem.agilent.com/en-US/products/software/lifesciencesinformatics/genespringgx/pages/gp34525.aspxLicense needed:YesName: ANAISComment:User-friendly web-based tool for the processing of NimbleGen expression dataWebsite:http://anais.versailles.inra.fr/License needed:NoName: JMPComment:Software for Microarray, SNP and Proteomics Expression AnalysisWebsite:http://www.jmp.com/software/webinars/jmp_microarray.shtmlLicense needed:YesName: SAM: Significance Analysis of MicroarraysComment:Supervised learning software for genomic expression data miningWebsite:http://www-stat.stanford.edu/~tibs/SAM/License needed:NoName: GenePublisherComment:Gene expression analysisWebsite:http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/GenePublisher/License needed:NoBlogName: SEQanswersComment:SEQanswers is a blog founded to be an information resource and user-driven community focused on all aspects of next-generation genomics. A reasonably thorough table of next-gen-seq software available in the commercial and public domain is providedWebsite:http://seqanswers.com/forums/showthread.php?t=43Note:ExamplesName: CufflinksComment:Cufflinks assembles transcripts, estimates their abundances, and tests for differential expression and regulation in RNA-Seq samples. It accepts aligned RNA-Seq reads and assembles the alignments into a parsimonious set of transcripts, free of chargeWebsite:http://cufflinks.cbcb.umd.edu/License needed:NoName: BowtieComment:Bowtie is an ultrafast, memory-efficient short read aligner. It aligns short DNA sequences (reads) to the human genome at a rate of over 25 million 35-bp reads per hour. Bowtie indexes the genome with a Burrows-Wheeler index to keep its memory footprint small: typically about 2.2 GB for the human genome (2.9 GB for paired-end).Website:http://bowtie-bio.sourceforge.net/index.shtmlLicense needed:NoName: TophatComment:TopHat is a program that aligns RNA-Seq reads to a genome in order to identify exon-exon splice junctions. It is built on the ultrafast short read mapping program Bowtie. TopHat runs on Linux and OS X.Website:http://tophat.cbcb.umd.edu/License needed:NoName: OasesComment:Oases is a de novo transcriptome assembler designed to produce transcripts from short read sequencing technologies, such as Illumina, SOLiD, or 454 in the absence of any genomic assemblyWebsite:http://www.ebi.ac.uk/~zerbino/oases/License needed:NoName: Genomatix Genome Analyzer (GGA) and Genomatix Software Suite (GSS)Comment:GGA comprehensive second-level analysis of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data from ChIP-Seq, RNA-Seq or genotyping experiments. GSS conducts a scientific analysis of genomic data in gene regulation, networks, pathways and genome annotation visualization.Website:http://www.genomatix.de/en/index.htmlLicense needed:yesName: ALLPATHS-LGComment:genome assembly algorithms recommended by the Broad InstituteWebsite:http://www.broadinstitute.org/science/programs/genome-biology/computational-rd/computational-research-and-developmentLicense needed:noExamplesName: FlowJoComment:FlowJo is designed around the structure of flow data and the researcher's experiments. Through FlowJo's patent-pending Groups structure, for example, gates can be applied to many samples as easily as oneWebsite:http://www.treestar.comLicense needed:YesName: WinList/FCOMComment:Load FCS files from instruments and do FACS data analysis with a full set of region tools and gates. The algorithms allow for rapid generation of registers with frequencies/numbers of all possible suphenotype combinations. Can be used to input data for cluster analysis and heat maps, allowing rapid visualization of numerous complex data sets.Website:http://www.vsh.com/License needed:YesName: FCSPressComment:FCSPress is an easy-to-use Macintosh program that produces presentation quality graphics and generates statistics from flow-cytometric dataWebsite:http://www.fcspress.com/License needed:YesName: FCS EXpressComment:FCS Express is designed to bring the power sophisticated analysis protocols to users in an intuitive, easy to grasp mannerWebsite:http://www.denovosoftware.com/License needed:YesName: GemStoneComment:GemStone is software for analysis of high-dimensional, flow cytometry data. Based on patented Probability State Modeling technology, GemStone eliminates some problems that have faced flow cytometry. Subjective gating and associated errors are eliminated. Population overlaps in multidimensional data are accounted for. Multiple samples may be combined into one coherent analysisWebsite:http://www.vsh.com/License needed:YesName: SPICEComment:SPICE is a data mining software application that analyzes large FLOWJO data sets from polychromatic flow cytometry and organizes the normalized data graphically. SPICE enables users to discover potential correlations in their experimental data within complex data sets.Website:http://exon.niaid.nih.gov/spice/License needed:YesExamplesName: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA)Comment:User friendly software that allows analysis of biological and chemical systemsWebsite:http://www.ingenuity.com/License needed:YesName: GeneGo MetaCoreComment:User friendly software that allows analysis of biological and chemical systemsWebsite:http://www.genego.com/about.phpLicense needed:YesName: Ariadne Pathway StudioComment:Analysis of biological system with an interactive software interface and the computational approach to generating database content from the literatureWebsite:http://www.ariadnegenomics.com/License needed:YesName: DAVIDComment:Analysis of biological systemWebsite:http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/content.jsp?file=functional_annotation.html#introLicense needed:NoName: KEGG PathwayComment:Collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge on the molecular interaction and reaction networks, free of chargeWebsite:http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.htmlLicense needed:NoName: BioCarta pathwayComment:BioCarta pathway provides displays of gene interactions within pathways for human cellular processes, such as apoptosis and signal transductionWebsite:http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/Pathways/BioCarta_PathwaysLicense needed:NoName: Interactive Genomics ViewerComment:The Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) is a high-performance visualization tool for interactive exploration of large, integrated datasets. It supports a wide variety of data types including sequence alignments, microarrays, and genomic annotationsWebsite:http://www.broadinstitute.org/igv/homeLicense needed:NoName: GSEAComment:Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) is a computational method that determines whether an a priori defined set of genes shows statistically significant, concordant differences between two biological states Website:http://www.broadinstitute.org/gsea/License needed:NoName: GOMinerComment:A tool for biological interpretation of 'omic' data - including data from gene expression microarrays. Omic experiments often generate lists of dozens or hundreds of genes that differ in expression between samplesWebsite:http://discover.nci.nih.gov/gominer/index.jspLicense needed:NoName: MatchMinerComment:Set of tools that enables the user to translate between disparate ids for the same gene. It uses data from the UCSC, LocusLink, Unigene, OMIM, Affymetrix and Jackson data sources to determine how different ids relate. Supported id types include, gene symbols and names, IMAGE and FISH clones, GenBank accession numbers and UniGene cluster idsWebsite:http://discover.nci.nih.gov/matchminer/index.jspLicense needed:NoName: PANTHER Classification SystemComment:Panther is a resource that classifies genes by their functions, using published scientific experimental evidence and evolutionary relationships to predict function even in the absence of direct experimental evidence. Proteins are also classifiedWebsite:http://www.pantherdb.org/License needed:YesExamplesName: Ambion siRNA LibrariesComment:siRNA LibrariesWebsite:http://www.ambion.com/techlib/tn/116/11.htmlName: Thermo Scientific siRNA LibrariesComment:siRNA LibrariesWebsite:http://www.dharmacon.com/catalog/catalogitemtemplate.aspx?id=1435&imageid=1882Name: siRNA LibrariesComment:siRNA LibrariesWebsite:http://genome.duke.edu/cores/rnai/libraries/qiagen/Name: NCBI DatabasesComment:Gene/Protein/SNP/Nucleotide and several other databasesWebsite:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gquery/Name: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)Comment:Public functional genomics data repository supporting MIAME-compliant (Minimum information about a microarray experiment) data submissions. Array- and sequence-based data are accepted. Tools are provided to help users query and download experiments and curated gene expression profilesWebsite:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/Name: Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC)Comment:COSMIC is designed to store and display somatic mutation information and related details and contains information related to human cancersWebsite:http://www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/cosmic/Name: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)Comment:The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Data Portal provides a platform for researchers to search, download, and analyze data sets generated by TCGA. Launched in 2006 as a partnership between the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute, both NIH components, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has developed a comprehensive strategy for comparing the genome of cancer cells to the genome of normal cells from the same patientWebsite:http://cancergenome.nih.gov/Name: The Human Protein AtlasComment:The Human Protein Atlas portal is a publicly available database with millions of high-resolution images showing the spatial distribution of proteins in 46 different normal human tissues and 20 different cancer types, as well as 47 different human cell lines. The data is released together with application-specific validation performed for each antibody. The database was developed in a gene-centric manner with the inclusion of all human genes predicted from genome effortsWebsite:http://www.proteinatlas.orgName:DIP (Database of Interacting Proteins)Comment:The DIP database catalogs experimentally determined interactions between proteins. It combines information from a variety of sources to create a single, consistent set of protein-protein interactionsWebsite:http://dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/dip/Main.cgiName:MINT (Molecular INTeraction Database)Comment:MINT focuses on experimentally verified protein-protein interactions mined from the scientific literature by expert curators. The curated data can be analyzed in the context of the high throughput data and viewed graphically with the 'MINT Viewer'Website:http://mint.bio.uniroma2.it/mint/Welcome.doName: Human Protein Reference DatabaseComment:The Human Protein Reference Database represents a centralized platform to visually depict and integrate information pertaining to domain architecture, post-translational modifications, interaction networks and disease association for each protein in the human proteomeWebsite:http://www.hprd.orgName: Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP)Comment:The NCI's Cancer Genome Anatomy Project sought to determine the gene expression profiles of normal, precancer, and cancer cells, leading eventually to improved detection, diagnosis, and treatment for the patient. Resources generated by the CGAP initiative are available to the broad cancer communityWebsite:http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/cgap.htmlName: caBIGComment:caBIG stands for the cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid. caBIG is an information network enabling members of the cancer community - researchers, physicians, and patients - to share data and knowledgeWebsite:https://cabig.nci.nih.gov/Name: mirbaseComment:Searchable database of published miRNA sequences and annotationWebsite:http://www.mirbase.orgName: deepBaseComment:deepBase is a database for annotating and discovering small and long ncRNAs  from high-throughput deep sequencing dataWebsite:http://deepbase.sysu.edu.cn/miRDeep.phpName: Gene Ontology Annotation (UniProtKB-GOA) DatabaseComment:The UniProtKB-GOA project aims to provide high-quality Gene Ontology (GO) annotations to proteins in the UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) and International Protein Index (IPI) and is a central dataset for other major multi-species databases; such as Ensembl and NCBIWebsite:http://www.ebi.ac.uk/GOA/Name: ProtfunComment:The ProtFun 2.2 server produces ab initio predictions of protein function from sequenceWebsite:http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/ProtFun/Name: TRANSFAC 7.0 Public 2005Comment:Data on transcription factors, their experimentally-proven binding sites, and regulated genes. Its broad compilation of binding sites allows the derivation of positional weight matricesWebsite:http://www.gene-regulation.com/pub/databases.htmlName: OptiTopeComment:OptiTope aims at assisting immunologists in designing epitope-based vaccines. It is an easy-to-use tool to determine a provably optimal set of epitopes with respect to overall immunogenicity in a specific individual or a target population, free of chargeWebsite:http://www.epitoolkit.org/optitopeName: Cancer Central Clinical Database (C3D)Comment:Cancer Central Clinical Database (C3D) is a clinical trials data management system. C3D collects clinical trial data using standard case report forms (CRFs) based on common data elements (CDEs)Website:https://cabig.nci.nih.gov/tools/c3dName: UCSC Genome BrowserComment:Provides a large database of publicly available sequence and annotation data along with an integrated tool set for examining and comparing the genomes of organisms, aligning sequence to genomes, and displaying and sharing users' own annotation dataWebsite:http://genome.ucsc.edu/Name: Next BioComment:Exhaustive collection of public microarray data. NextBio's platform combines powerful tools with unique correlated content. With NextBio you can search tens of thousands of studies containing billions of data points spanning different experimental platforms, organisms and data typesWebsite:http://www.nextbio.com/b/corp/faq.nbName: SYFPEITHIComment:SYFPEITHI is a database comprising more than 7,000 peptide sequences known to bind class I and class II MHC molecules. The entries are compiled from published reports onlyWebsite:http://www.syfpeithi.de/Name: Melanoma Molecular Map ProjectComment:MMMP Databases, putting together the pieces of the melanoma puzzle. Seven interconnected databanks for the interactive collection, update and consultation of the translational and clinical information on melanoma biology and treatment.Website:http://www.mmmp.orgName: The Targeted Therapy Database (TTD)Comment:Systematic collection of the scientific knowledge regarding the development of targeted therapy for melanomaWebsite:http://www.mmmp.orgExamplesName: Primer3Comment:Primer3 is a free online tool to design and analyze primers for PCR and real time PCR experiments. Primer3 can also select single primers for sequencing reactions and can design oligonucelotide hybridization probesWebsite:http://frodo.wi.mit.edu/primer3Name: Oligo Analyzer 3.0Comment:Software developed by IDT (Integrated DNA Technologies) that analyzes physical properties of a specific oligo sequence. The results show a complementary sequence, oligo length, GC content, melting temperature, extinction coefficient, molecular weight, \u03bcg/OD, and nmoles/OD.Website:http://www.idtdna.com/analyzer/applications/oligoanalyzerName: MethPrimerComment:MethPrimer is a program for designing bisulfite-conversion-based methylation PCR Primers. It can design primers for Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP), Bisulfite-Sequencing PCR (BSP) and Bisulfite-Restriction PCRWebsite:http://www.urogene.org/methprimer/index1.htmlExamplesName: TFSEARCHComment:TFSEARCH predicts transcription factors binding sites from a given sequence. It does simple correlation calculation with binding site profile matricesWebsite:http://www.cbrc.jp/research/db/TFSEARCH.htmlName: SfoldComment:Sfold predicts RNA duplex thermodynamics for rational siRNA design. It supports target accessibility prediction and rational design of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and nucleic acid probes. It can design an ASO for a gene of interest based on the mRNA sequenceWebsite:http://sfold.wadsworth.org/cgi-bin/soligo.plExamplesName: TargetScanComment:Prediction of biological targets of miRNAsWebsite:http://www.targetscan.org/License needed:NoName:http://microRNA.orgComment:A resource for predicted microRNA targets and expression, free of chargeWebsite:http://www.microrna.org/microrna/home.doLicense needed:NoName: DIANA LAbComment:miRNA computational predictive models. Experimental supported databasesWebsite:http://diana.cslab.ece.ntua.gr/?sec=homeLicense needed:NoName: RNA22Comment:This software first finds putative microRNA binding sites in the sequence of interest, then identifies the targeting microRNAWebsite:http://cbcsrv.watson.ibm.com/rna22.htmlName: PicTarComment:PicTar provides combinatorial microRNA target predictionsWebsite:http://pictar.mdc-berlin.deName: miRANDAComment:miRanda is an algorithm for finding genomic targets for microRNAsWebsite:http://www.microrna.org/microrna/home.doExampleName: SpliceCenterComment:The SpliceCenter applications are user-friendly tools that provide information on the target location of probesets, primers, or siRNAs within the known splice variants of a geneWebsite:http://www.tigerteamconsulting.com/SpliceCenter/License needed:NoExamplesName: PhATComment:It analyzes SNP data, showing pairwise Linkage Disequilibrium of various types ) and producing graphical matrices of obtained resultsWebsite:http://pharmgat.org/Tools/pbtoldplotformExamplesName: ImmuneeringComment: Computer Model. Development of computer models that aim to predict the response to biological therapies in cancer patientsWebsite:http://www.immuneering.com/Name: Cellumen CellCiphr Patient Sample ProfilingComment:To use the cellular systems biology approach to improve patient stratification for clinical trial enrollments. Cellumen is collaborating with the Mayo Clinic and Foundation to create panels of cellular biomarkers using multiplexed fluorescence to apply to patient cells and tissues, starting with breast cancerWebsite:http://www.cellumen.com/solutions/patient.phpName: BiotrackerComment: Lab Management. Biotracker is a specialty Lab Information Management Solution (LIMS) for enhancing productivity and effectiveness in life sciences research laboratoriesWebsite:http://www.ocimumbio.com/lims2/products/Name: Gene's Logic Expression Array AnalysisComment:Array analysis support; team dedicated to statistical and bioinformatic analyses of microarray data, ranging from basic quality control and differential gene expression analysisWebsite:http://www.genelogic.com/services/bioinformatic-analysisName: Microsoft Word Add-In for the GenePattern Reproducible Research Document (GRRD)Comment:To facilitate publishing reproducible results, GenePattern automatically captures the history of any computational work being done, allowing scientists to easily generate pipelines to reproduce computational methodsWebsite:http://www.broadinstitute.org/cancer/software/genepattern/grrd/AddIn.htmlLicense needed:NoName: IUBio ArchiveComment:Archive of biology data and software, established in 1989 to promote public access to freely available information, primarily in the field of molecular biology and bioinformaticsWebsite:http://iubio.bio.indiana.edu/Name: LabomeComment:Tools for searching antibodies, siRNA/shRNA, ELISA, cDNA clones, proteins/peptides, microRNA, and biochemicals from all suppliersWebsite:http://www.labome.com/License needed:NoExamplesName: Inno.CNTComment:The Inno.CNT website gives an updated and wide overview of the research status of carbon nanotubes as one of the most promising nanomaterial to open up completely new dimensions in biomedical applicationsWebsite:http://www.inno-cnt.de/en/uebercnt.phpName: ObservatoryNanoComment:The ObservatoryNano provides wide-ranging analysis focusing on nanoscience and nanotechnology developmentsWebsite:http://www.observatory-nano.eu/project/Name: NanofuturesComment:Nanofutures is an integration platform aimed at becoming a long-lasting nanotechnology hub, connecting the most relevant nanotechnology stakeholdersWebsite:http://www.nanofutures.eu/Name: Nanotechnology MedicineComment:Nanotechnology Medicine brings you informative nanomedicine articles, educational nanomedicine videos, and lively nanomedicine dialogue and chatter.Website: http://nanotechnologymedicine.org/ExampleName: Clinical Trial RegistriesComment:The five clinical trials registries approved by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMHE)Website:http://ClinicalTrials.gov, http://www.actr.org.au, http://www.ISRCTN.org, http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index/htm, http://www.trialregister.nlImmune biomarkers are playing an increasingly important role in the successful development, clinical evaluation, and immune monitoring of cancer immunotherapies. The references, products and online resources in this Cancer Immunotherapy Biomarkers Resource Document were identified by the authors and the SITC/iSBTc Taskforce on Immunotherapy Biomarkers to support the discovery, evaluation and application of biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy. These selected references and links serve as a compass to point investigators to useful resources in this ever growing, and important field of cancer immunotherapy biomarkers. Emerging issues surrounding cancer immunotherapy biomarker discovery and clinical application will continue to be addressed in upcoming SITC Annual Meetings and Associated Programs .DB, JB, EW, MLD, CMB, LGD, ST, TFG, LHB and FFM declare that they have no competing interests. BAF is co-founder of UbiVac, LLC and serves on the scientific advisory boards of Micromet, Inc. and MannKind Corporation.DB and JB prepared the manuscript. EW, MLD, CMB, LGD, ST, BAF, TFG, FMM and LHB provided substantive editing and critical review. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "The name of the third author is: Maartje G. NoordhuisVGF and PGP9.5 with Ovarian Cancer Progression. PLoS ONE 8(9): e70878. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070878 The correct version of the citation is: Brait M, Maldonado L, Noordhuis M, Begum S, Loyo M, et al. (2013) Association of Promoter Methylation of"}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author is incorrectly represented in the Citation. The correct Citation is: Jamilloux Y, Liozon E, Pugnet G, Nadalon S, Ly KH, et al. (2013) Recovery of Adrenal Function after Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy for Giant Cell Arteritis: A Cohort Study. PLoS ONE 8(7): e68713. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068713."}
{"text": "The name of the first author is incorrectly represented in the Citation. The Citation should read: Barsotti MC, Losi P, Briganti E, Sanguinetti E, Magera A, et al. (2013) Effect of Platelet Lysate on Human Cells Involved in Different Phases of Wound Healing. PLoS ONE 8(12):e84753. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084753."}
{"text": "The name of the first author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Alessandra Baragli. The correct citation is: Baragli A, Grande C, Gesmundo I, Settanni F, Taliano M, et al. (2013) Obestatin Enhances In Vitro Generation of Pancreatic Islets through Regulation of Developmental Pathways. PLoS ONE 8(5): e64374. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064374. The abbreviation in Contributions is correct."}
{"text": "Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) is among the most common and species rich fern genera in temperate forests in the northern hemisphere containing 225\u2013300 species worldwide. The circumscription of Dryopteris has been controversial and various related genera have, over the time, been included in and excluded from Dryopteris. The infrageneric phylogeny has largely remained unclear, and the placement of the majority of the supraspecific taxa of Dryopteris has never been tested using molecular data.The fern genus rbcL gene, rps4-trnS spacer, trnL intron, trnL-F spacer) were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of Dryopteris. A total of 122 accessions are sampled in our analysis and they represent 100 species of the expanded Dryopteris including Acrophorus, Acrorumohra, Diacalpe, Dryopsis, Nothoperanema, and Peranema. All four subgenera and 19 sections currently recognized in Dryopteris s.s. are included. One species each of Arachniodes, Leptorumohra, and Lithostegia of Dryopteridaceae are used as outgroups. Our study confirms the paraphyly of Dryopteris and provides the first strong molecular evidence on the monophyly of Acrophorus, Diacalpe, Dryopsis, Nothoperanema, and Peranema. However, all these monophyletic groups together with the paraphyletic Acrorumohra are suggested to be merged into Dryopteris based on both molecular and morphological evidence. Our analysis identified 13 well-supported monophyletic groups. Each of the 13 clades is additionally supported by morphological synapomophies and is inferred to represent a major evolutionary lineage in Dryopteris. In contrast, monophyly of the four subgenera and 15 out of 19 sections currently recognized in Dryopteris s.s is not supported by plastid data.In this study, DNA sequences of four plastid loci  in Dryopteris strongly suggests that the current taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision. The disagreement between the previous taxonomy and molecular results in Dryopteris may be due partly to interspecific hybridization and polyplodization. More morphological studies and molecular data, especially from the nuclear genome, are needed to thoroughly elucidate the evolutionary history of Dryopteris. The 13 well-supported clades identified based on our data represent 13 major evolutionary lineages in Dryopteris that are also supported by morphological synapomophies.The genera,  Dryopteris Adans. (Dryopteridaceae) is estimated to contain 225 to 300 species worldwide  resolving phylogenetic relationships between Dryopteris and Acrophorus, Acrorumohra, Diacalpe, Dryopsis, Dryopteris, Nothoperanema, and Peranema; [3] assessing the monophylies of supraspecific taxa at sectional and subgeneric ranks recognized in current classifications using relatively large sampling and DNA sequences of multiple loci; and [4] identifying major evolutionary lineages in Dryopteris.The goals of this study include: [1] vigorously testing the monophyly of trnL intron and trnL-F spacer yielded similar tree topologies in both MP and ML analyses (trees not shown). The most parsimonious, parsimony JK, and likelihood JK and BS trees for all analyses are available upon request from the first author. There were no well-supported  clades Dryopteris.The combined data matrix of four plastid regions consisted of 3,638 bases. A simultaneous analysis ,30 of nuUnweighted MP simultaneous analysis generated 1,785,800 most parsimonious trees with a length of 1,831 steps, a consistency index  of 0.83Dryopteris in its current circumscription is paraphyletic in relation to AcrophorusAcrorumohraDiacalpeDryopsisNothoperanema, and Peranema , and AcrorumohraDryopsis, and Nothoperanema, should all be merged into Dryopteris, though each is monophyletic except Acrorumohra. The expanded Dryopteris is supported as monophyletic with strong support , and Peranamea. Such a close relationship among all of them had not previously been suggested in the literature, although the close affinities among Peranemataceae, Dryopsis (previously in Tectariaceae), and Dryopteridaceae have partially long been noticed , and Dryopsis as independent genera, in addition to Dryopteris and another 24 or 25 genera (with one being Incertae Sedis), in his large subfamily Dryopteridoideae, one of the two subfamilies in Dryopteridaceae sensu lato (the other one is Athyrioideae). Recognition of these genera in Dryopteridaceae was largely followed by Smith et al.\u2019s [The family Peranemataceae was established by Ching ; as \u201cPer Peranema-35,37,38 Peranema recognizet al.\u2019s  classifiet al.\u2019s  are highet al.\u2019s ,40).Nothoperanema, normally not viewed as a member of Peranemataceae, is embedded within Peranemataceae. In our analyses, Nothoperanema and Peranemataceae together formed a strongly supported monophyletic group in our analyses , sister to the Aemulae clade within Dryopteris (see below). Our molecular data unambiguously resolved the species of Peranemataceae as members of Dryopteris . Based on our study, Acrophorus belongs to Dryopteris, and represents a specialized group within Dryopteris with round indusia and cordate scales at costa base.The genus s  and Diacalpe and Peranema are paraphyletic in relation to Acrophorus and Nothoperanema, contrasting Nayar & Kaur\u2019s [Diacalpe as a synonym of Peranema while recognizing Acrophorus. Our resolution of Diacalpe is consistent with Liu et al. [Diacalpe were sampled. Morphologically, Diacalpe is characterized by unstalked sori, a few single-celled long and clavate paraphyses on the lower portion of sporangiate stalk, and entire scales at the stipe bases [Sermolli , Wu [33,Sermolli , Wu & ChSermolli , and ChrSermolli , but is r & Kaur  who alsou et al.  and our u et al. , Kramer u et al. , and Smiu et al.  also tre& Kaur\u2019s , Kramer\u2019& Kaur\u2019s , and Smi& Kaur\u2019s  treatmenu et al.  where onpe bases .Diacalpe, D. annamensis Tagawa is resolved as sister to the rest of species, with D. chinensis Ching & S. H. Wu then sister to D. aspidioides\u2009+\u2009D. christensenae Ching  Fraser-Jenk. Acrorumohra is well defined morphologically. Its pinnules are all anadromous and the terminal pinnules have asymmetrical bases, different from Dryopteris. Ten accessions of three species of Acrorumohra, including the type, A. diffracta (Baker) H. It\u00f4, are sampled in our study. Our analyses demonstrate, for the first time, that Acrorumohra is paraphyletic in relation to Dryopteris polita Rosenst. D. polita is sister to A. hasseltii (Blume) Ching plus A. subreflexipinna (Ogata) H. It\u00f4, and together these three are sister to A. diffracta. Our results clearly show that Acrorumorha is a member of Dryopteris.Originally described as a subgenus, a H. It\u00f4 , and lata H. It\u00f4 , Acrorumd  Ching. For the first time, Nothoperanema is supported as monophyletic in our analyses  Ching and N. shikokianum (Makino) Ching needs further clarifications.Within Dryopsis was established by Holttum & Edwards [Ctenitis subgen. Dryopsis Ching\u201d. It is now widely recognized [CtenitisDryopsis, and Dryopteris have been controversial. Morphologically, Dryopsis appears to be more distant from Ctenitis than from Dryopteris. Dryopsis has distinct venation on the abaxial surfaces, sori terminal on veinlets, and marginal, entire scales that are clathrate or not, but with long and dull areolae. Ctenitis has venation indistinct on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, sori middle on the veinlets, and scales ciliate on their margins, clathrate, and with nearly hexagonal and lustrous areolae [Dryopsis and Dryopteris is that the former has either shallow or deep rachis and costa grooves that are closed near their bases, as well as multi-celled hairs with a thickened base on the margins but not in the grooves of the rachis and costae. Dryopteris, in contrast, always has deep rachis and costa grooves that are connected near their bases, and normally has no hairs on the rachis or costae [The genus  Edwards  based oncognized ,39,53,54 areolae ,13,54. Tr costae ,13,54.Dryopsis contains about 22 species [Dryopsis should be a member of Dryopteridaceae but Liu et al. [DryopsisDryopteris, and Peranemataceae sensu Ching [Dryopsis is not closely related to Ctenitis. species  occurrin species ,55. With species  discoveru et al.  failed tsu Ching ,37, and su Ching . Liu et su Ching  also conDryopsis, including the type, D. apiciflora  Holttum & P. J. Edwards, are sampled in our analysis. Our results demonstrate that Dryopsis is monophyletic , in contrast to the resolution of Li & Lu [Dryopsis formed an unresolved trichotomy with two species of Dryopteris and one species of Acrorumohra. Our results also indicate that Dryopsis is nested within a paraphyletic Dryopteris .Six accessions of five species of  Li & Lu , where ts Figure , stronglDryopsis, the species sampled were resolved into two clades. Morphologically, species of the upper clade  Holttum & P.J. Edwards, and D. sp.) have bullate scales, while those of the lower clade (D. heterolaena (C. Chr.) Holttum & P.J. Edwards, D. mariformis (Rosenst.) Holttum & P.J. Edwards) have flat scales  were represented by two or more species in our study (Appendix I).Our 100-species sampling is still not dense enough to rigorously test the monophylies of all supraspecific taxa (sections or subgenera) recognized in recent classifications by Fraser-Jenkins ,24,25, aween 225 , and in Dryopteris strongly suggests that the current taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision. However, our data do not necessarily falsify the monophyly of these 19 sections. The disagreement between previous taxonomy and molecular results in Dryopteris may be due partly to interspecific hybridization and polyplodization [The non-monophyly of the 19 out of the 21 supraspecific taxa in dization ,58.Dryopteris that have evolved via inter-clade hybridization, based on plastid trnL-F sequences, nuclear PgiC sequences, and/or biochemical evidence. D. guanchica, limited to Spain, Portugal, and the Canary Islands, has been postulated to be of hybrid origin between D. aemula  and possibly D. intermedia (D. sect. Lophodium) [D. shibipedis Sa. Kurata, an obvious member of D. sect. Variae judging from the morphology [D. kinkiensis  and D. pacifica (Nakai) Tagawa  [D. corleyi, an endemic of northern Spain, is of hybrid origin between D. aemula (D. sect. Aemulae) and D. oreades Fomin . Our analyses based on plastid data and the resolution of D. corleyi as sister to D. aemula suggest that D. aemula is the maternal progenitor of D. corleyi. In addition, Sessa et al. [Dryopteris that has involved inter-continental long-distance dispersal as well as inter-clade hybridization. These examples of hybridization not only highlight the importance of reticulate evolution and thus the importance of nuclear data in understanding the evolutionary history of Dryopteris, but also strongly support the inclusion of these 13 lineages, including the small segregates, within Dryopteris, as opposed to breaking Dryopteris into many small genera.There are four well-documented allopolyploids in phodium) . The Japrphology ,42, has e clade) . Using ae clade)  concludea et al.  found evDryopteris : This clade contains species of Peranemataceae sensu Ching , Wu 33,,33,34, aDryopteris aemula and D. corleyi, based on the current sampling. These two species are different enough morphologically to have been placed in different sections by Fraser-Jenkins [D. aemula is consistent with those of Geiger & Ranker [D. corleyi, an endemic of northern Spain, is thought to be of hybrid origin between D. aemula (D. sect. Aemulae) and D. oreades Fomin based on allozyme data  Kuntze, and D. hawaiiensis (Hillebrand) W. Robinson, but D. guanchica is an allotetraploid (see blow) and D. hawaiiensis possibly an allotriploid [2. The Aemulae clade : The Aemulae clade, or the Hawaiian glabra group , contain& Ranker , Jusl\u00e9n & Ranker , and Ses& Ranker . This isme data , and D. polita (D. sect. Politae). The morphological synapomorphy is the flat scales in comparison with the Dryopsis clade, the Erythrovariae clade, and the Variae clade. The gain of bullate scales is considered here as the morphological synapomorphy of the expanded D. subgen. Erythrovariae including the Acrorumohra clade, the Dryopsis clade, the Erythrovariae clade, and the Variae clade.3. The Acrorumohra clade : This clade contains species of Dryopteris sect. Variae Fraser-Jenk. It is characterized by having slightly bullate-based scales and stiffly coriaceous lamina and pinnules with caudate apices and pointed lobes [4. The Variae clade : The Variae clade contains species of ed lobes ,26.Dryopteris sect. Erythrovariae plus D. podophylla. It is characterized by having more bullate scales and herbaceous lamina and pinnules with acute apices and rounded lobes [5. The Erythrovariae clade : This clade contains species of ed lobes ,26.Dryopsis. The relatively moderate branch support may be the result of some missing sequence data for members of this clade. The potential major morphological synapomorphies are the rachis and costa grooves that are closed near their bases and the multi-cellular hairs (see above).6. The Dryopsis clade : This clade contains species of the former genus Dryopteris sect. Cinnamomeae and one species of D. sect. Purpurascentes in our current sampling. This clade is defined by having pinnules angled acroscopically and usually with narrower bases and having linear scales on stipe base [7. The Cinnamomeae clade : The Cinnamomeae clade contains two species of Dryopteris crinalis (Hook. & Arn.) C. Chr., D. mauiensis C. Chr., D. sandwiciensis (Hook. & Arn.) C. Chr., D. tetrapinnata W. H. Wagner & Hobdy, and D. unidentata (Hook. & Arn.) C. Chr. The potential morphological synapomorphy is the absence of indusia [8. The Crinales clade : This clade was named the Hawaiian exindusiate group by Palmer  and it c indusia ,62.Dryopteris sect. Pallidae sensu Fraser-Jenkins [D. aitoniana Pic. Serm., D. odontoloma (Bedd.) C. Chr., D. pallida (Bory) C. Chr. ex Maire & Petitm., and D. mindshelkensis N. Pavl. (synonym: D. submontana (Fraser-Jenk. & Jermy) Fraser-Jenk.), and additional species from other sections, e.g., D. goldiana (Hook.) A. Gray, D. monticola (Makino) (D. sect. Dryopteris), D. oligodonta (Desv.) Pic. Serm. (D. sect. Marginatae), and D. tokyoensis (Matsum. & Makino) C. Chr. (D. sect. Pandae), based our current sampling and Jusl\u00e9n et al. [D. odontoloma in this clade needs further study. This clade is weakly supported as sister to the Crinales clade : This clade contains some species of -Jenkins , e.g., Dn et al. . The incDryopteris sect. Nephrocystis sensu Fraser-Jenkins [10. The Nephrocystis clade : This clade contains those species of -Jenkins .Dryopteris subgen. Dryopteris sensu Fraser-Jenkins [D. reflexosquamataD. rubrobrunnea, etc.) and are mainly distributed in the Sino-Japanese and Sino-Himalayan regions.11. The Dryopteris clade : This clade contains large portion of species of -Jenkins  and is tDryopteris sect. Lophodium Fraser-Jenk. and D. remota. The species of this clade share short-stalked pinnae, long-aristate ultimate segments, and minutely spinulose perispore sculpturing except D. remota[12. The Lophodium clade : This clade contains species of Dryopteris sect. Fragrantes (H. It\u00f4) Seriz., D. fragrans (L.) Schott. Our work shows that D. fragrans is outside of D. subgen. Dryopteris where it was placed by Fraser-Jenkins [D. fragrans as sister to the rest of Dryopteris, though our statistical support values were low .Our data clearly show that the Dryopsis clade is sister to the Erythrovariae clade; these two together are sister to a clade containing the Acrorumohra clade and the Variae clade; these four clades together are sister to a clade containing the Aemulae clade and the Nothoperanema clade; and these six clades are strongly supported as monophyletic . The relationships among the remaining seven clades are resolved in the ML tree : This clade contains one of the two species of -Jenkins , a resol-Jenkins . Most no-Jenkins ,58 in reAcrophorus, Acrorumohra, Diacalpe, Dryopsis, Nothoperanema, and Peranema, should all be merged into Dryopteris. Most species of these genera share a short rhizome and catadromic arrangement of frond segments, unlike the sister genus of Dryopteris s.l., Arachniodes.The genera, Dryopteris strongly suggests that the current taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision. However, our data do not necessarily falsify the monophyly of these 19 sections. The disagreement between previous taxonomy and molecular results in Dryopteris may be due partly to interspecific hybridization and polyplodization.The non-monophyly of the 19 out of the 21 supraspecific taxa in Dryopteris that are supported by morphological synapomophies and may deserve circumscription as supraspecific entities within Dryopteris.The 13 well-supported clades identified with our data represent 13 major evolutionary lineages in Dryopteris recognized by Fraser-Jenkins [D. sect. Caespitosae S. G. Lu, D. sect. Chrysocomae S. G. Lu, D. sect. Indusiatae S. G. Lu) recognized by Lu [D. sect. Purpurascentes Fraser-Jenk. and the monotypic D. sect. Politae Fraser-Jenk. In total, 78 accessions representing 77 species of Dryopteris s.s. were sampled, including all four subgenera and 19 sections in the current classifications of Dryopteris s.s. by Fraser-Jenkins [All four subgenera and 14 out of 16 sections of ed by Lu ,24,25 aned by Lu , were re-Jenkins .Dryopteris and Acrophorus, Acrorumohra, Diacalpe, Dryopsis, Nothoperanema, and Peranema, further included are eight accessions representing five (63%) out of eight species of Acrophorus, 10 accessions representing three (43%) out of seven species of Acrorumohra, seven accessions representing four (40%) out of 10 species of Diacalpe, six accessions representing five (31%) out of 16 species of Dryopsis, 11 accessions representing six (75%) out of eight species of Nothoperanema, and two accessions representing both species of the bitypic Peranema. Type species of all these six genera, Acrophorus, Acrorumohra, Diacalpe, Dryopsis, Nothoperanema, and Peranema, are included. In total, 122 accessions representing 100 species of the expanded Dryopteris  are included in this study.To assess the phylogenetic relationships between Arachniodes Blume, Leptorumohra H. It\u00f4, and Lithostegia Ching of Dryopteridaceae are used as outgroups based on Liu et al. [ArachniodesLeptorumohraLithostegia, and Phanerophlebiopsis Ching together were resolved as sister to a clade consisting of AcrophorusAcrorumohraDiacalpeDryopsisDryopterisNothoperanema, and Peranema. All sequences used in this study together with their GenBank accession numbers and/or voucher information are listed in Appendix II.One species each of u et al.  where ArrbcL gene, rps4-trnS spacer, trnL intron, and trnL-F spacer. The rbcL gene was amplified with primers F1  and BigDye\u00ae Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit .Total genomic DNA was extracted from silica-gel dried material or sometimes from herbarium specimens using Plant Genomic DNA Kits  and DNeasy Plant Mini Kits . The PCR protocols followed Zhang et al.  and Ebihy et al. ) and 137y et al. ). The prTCGAATC; ) and Li TCGAATC; ). The trGGRAACC; ) and theGGRAACC; . AmplifirbcLrps4-trnStrnL, and trnL-F, respectively, were included in our analyses. Some 151 DNA sequences are newly generated for this study (GenBank JX535813-JX535961).Additional sequences were obtained from Genbank and had originally been generated by Geiger & Ranker , Li & LurbcL data was manually obtained using Microsoft Wordpad. Preliminary alignments of rps4-trnS and trnL-F (trnL intron\u2009+\u2009trnL-F spacer) data were obtained using the default alignment parameters in Clustal X [The alignment of the lustal X  followedtrnL intron and trnL-F spacer were also conducted since these two linked regions are sometimes viewed as one locus.Equally weighted maximum parsimony (MP) tree searches were conducted for each data matrix using 1000 tree-bisection-reconnection (TBR) searches in PAUP* ver. 4.0b10  with MAXtrnL-F spacer), GTR\u2009+\u2009I (trnL intron), GTR\u2009+\u2009I\u2009+\u2009G , HKY\u2009+\u2009G (rps4-trnS spacer), and SYM\u2009+\u2009I\u2009+\u2009G (rbcL gene). The selected models and parameters estimated  with 1000 rapid bootstrap analyses followed by a search for the best-scoring tree in a single run.The simultaneous ML analyses of nucleotide characters and ML bootstrapping (BS) were performed using RAxML-HPC2 on TG ver. 7.2.8  Ching, are monophyletic. Sessa et al. [D. subgen Pycnopteris, for which they had insufficient sampling to test monophyly. In the current study, most of the members of D. subgen. Dryopteris are resolved in the Dryopteris clade, while others are placed in other major clades except the Acrorumohra, Dryopsis, Erythrovariae, Nothoperanema, and Variae clades. Members of D. subgen. Erythrovariae sensu Fraser-Jenkins [, Erythrovariae, and Variae clades, but these clades are paraphyletic in relation to the Dryopsis clade as well as D. chinensis (Baker) Koidz. and D. gymnophylla (Baker) C. Chr. (members of D. sect. Aemulae Fraser-Jenk.), and D. podophylla (Hook.) Kuntze (a member of D. subgen. Pycnopteris). Members of D. subgen. Erythrovariae sensu Wu & Lu [D. subgen. Pycnopteris is consistent with Li & Lu\u2019s [rps4-trnS data. Of our three representatives of this subgenus, two fell in the Dryopteris clade (D. bodinieri (Christ) C. Chr. and D. sieboldii (Van Houtte ex Melt.) Kuntze), and one in the Erythrovariae clade (D. podophylla). Our sole sequence of D. podophylla was derived from Li & Lu [D. subgen. Nephrocystis is not monophyletic because Acrorumohra diffracta Baker (= D. diffracta (Baker) C. Chr.), A. hasseltii Blume (=D. hasseltii (Blume) C. Chr.), A. subreflexipinna (Ogata) Ching (= D. subreflexipinna Ogata), and D. futura A. R. Sm., a member of D. sect. Purpurascentes, are resolved in the Acrorumohra clade and the Cinnamomeae clade. Wu & Lu [D. subgen. Nephrocystis.Our results show that none of the four subgenera, a et al.  also rej-Jenkins  are reso Wu & Lu  are resoi & Lu\u2019s ,20 findi Li & Lu . D. subg Wu & Lu  did not D. sect. Cinnamomeae Fraser-Jenk. and D. sect. Variae Fraser-Jenk., are resolved as monophyletic with our current sampling. This is at odds with Sessa et al. [D. sect. Cinnamomeae and D. sect. Variae, and rejected the monophly of all. Although these two sections are found to be monophyletic in the current study, the sampling for both was larger in Sessa et al. [Our results also demonstrated that 15 out of the 17 sections currently recognized ,24-26, fa et al. , which ta et al. , and theDryopteris sect. Aemulae Fraser-Jenk.: Represented by D. aemula (Aiton) Kuntze (Aemulae clade), D. chinensis, and D. gymnophylla (Acrorumohra clade).Dryopteris sect. Caespitosae S. G. Lu: Represented by D. alpestris Tagawa (Dryopteris clade) and D. fragrans (Fragrantes clade).Dryopteris sect. Chrysocomae S. G. Lu: Represented by D. chrysocoma (Christ) C. Chr. and D. himachalensis Fraser-Jenk. (Dryopteris clade).Dryopteris sect. Dryopteris: This section sensu Fraser-Jenkins [D. alpestrisD. filix-mas (L.) Schott, and D. sichotensis V. Komarov (Dryopteris clade).-Jenkins  is repreDryopteris sect. Fibrillosae Ching: Represented by D. affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. subsp. borreri Fraser-Jenk., D. polylepis  C. Chr., and D. rosthornii (Diels) C. Chr. (Dryopteris clade).Dryopteris sect. Erythrovariae: This section sensu Fraser-Jenkins [D. caudipinna Nakai, D. championii (Benth.) C. Chr., D. cordipinna Ching & Shing, D. decipiens (Hook.) Kuntze, D. erythrosora (D. Eaton) Kuntze, D. gymnosora (Makino) C. Chr., D. indusiata Makino & Yamam.  Makino following Fraser-Jenkins [D. ryo-itoana Kurata, and D. simasakii (H. It\u00f4) Kurata and all are in the Erythrovariae clade. If D. podophylla (Hook.) Kuntze, a member of D. subgen. Pycnopteris, is included, this section sensu Fraser-Jenkins [-Jenkins  is repre-Jenkins ), D. kin-Jenkins ), D. ryo-Jenkins  becomes Dryopteris sect. Hirtipedes Fraser-Jenk.: Represented by D. atrata  Ching, D. commixta Tagawa, D. conjugata Ching, D. cycadina (Franchet & P. A. L. Savat.) C. Chr., D. dickinsii (Franchet & P. A. L. Savat.) C. Chr., D. handeliana C. Chr., D. hangchowensis Ching, D. lunanensis (Christ) C. Chr., D. scottii (Bedd.) Ching, D. stenolepis (Baker) C. Chr. and D. tsutsuiana Kurata, all of which are in the Dryopteris clade. This section becomes monophyletic if D. rosthornii (D. sect. Fibrillosae) and D. uniformis  are included.Dryopteris sect. Indusiatae S. G. Lu: Represented by D. gymnosora (Makino) C. Chr. and D. indusiata Makino & Yamam. (Erythrovariae clade).Dryopteris sect. Lophodium (Newman) C. Chr. ex H. It\u00f4: Represented by D. amurensis Christ, D. expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenk. & Jermy, D. intermedia (Muhlenb. ex Willd.) A. Gray, and D. dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray (Lophodium clade). These four species are paraphyletic in relation to D. remota (A. Braun ex Doell) Druce, the type of D. sect. Remotae. The close relationship between D. remota and species of D. sect. Lophodium based on our plastid data shows that D. remota, a triploid, is possibly originated through hybridization with one of the species in D. sect. Lophodium being the maternal donor.Dryopteris sect. Marginatae Fraser-Jenk.: Represented by D. aquilinoides (Desv.) C. Chr. and D. shiroumensis Kurata & Nakaike (Dryopteris clade). They are resolved as paraphyletic in relation to the rest of the Dryopteris clade.Dryopteris sect. Nephrocystis: Represented by Acrorumohra diffractaA. hasseltiiA. subreflexipinnaDryopteris hayatae Tagawa  C. Chr. by Fraser-Jenkins [D. melanocarpa Hayata (subsumed in D. platypus (Kunze) Kuntze by Fraser-Jenkins [D. maximowicziana (Miq.) C. Chr. (not recognized by Fraser-Jenkins [D. sabae (Franchet & P. A. L. Savat.) C. Chr., D. sparsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Kuntze, and D. yakusilvicola Sa. Kurata (subsumed in D. cacaiana Tagawa by Fraser-Jenkins [-Jenkins ), D. mel-Jenkins ), D. max-Jenkins ), D. sab-Jenkins ). The fiDryopteris sect. Pallidae Fraser-Jenk.: Represented by D. juxtaposita Christ, D. lacera (Thunb.) Kuntze, D. sublacera Christ, D. uniformis (Makino) Makino (Dryopteris clade), D. odontoloma (Bedd.) C. Chr., and D. pallida (Bory) C. Chr. ex Maire & Petitm. .Dryopteris sect. Pandae Fraser-Jenk.: Represented by D. himachalensis Fraser-Jenk. (Acrorumohra clade) and D. tokyoensis (Matsum. & Makino) C. Chr. .Dryopteris sect. Remotae Fraser-Jenk.: Represented by D. corleyi Fraser-Jenk. (Aemulae clade) and D. remota (Lophodium clade).Dryopteris sect. Splendentes Fraser-Jenk.: Represented by D. reflexosquamata Hayata and D. rubrobrunnea W. M. Chu (Dryopteris clade). These two are paraphyletic in relation to three members of D. sect. Pallidae and two member of D. subgen. Pycnopteris.Acrophorus emeiensis Ching: rbcL zl1474, trnL JX535916, trnL-F JX535867, rps4-trnS JX535815. Acrophorus exstipellatus Ching & S. H. Wu: rbcL JX535857, trnL JX535914, trnL-F JX535865, rps4-trnS JX535813. Acrophorus macrocarpus Ching & S. H. Wu: rbcL DQ054522 (\u201cAcrophorus emeiensis Ching\u201d). Acrophorus nodosus C. Presl: rbcL AB575065, trnL JX535915, trnL-F JX535866, rps4-trnS JX535814. Acrophorus paleolatus Pic. Serm. (\u201cAcrophorus stipellatus T. Moore\u201d): rbcL DQ054510 DQ508756 EF463106, trnL-F DQ514500 EF540696 DQ480130.Acrorumohra diffracta (Baker) H. It\u00f4: rbcL DQ508758 EF463108, trnL-F EU797681 EU797682 EU797683, rps4-trnS EU797685 EU797686 EU797687. Acrorumohra hasseltii (Blume) Ching: rbcL AB575136 DQ054519 DQ508757 EF463107, trnL-F DQ514479 EU797677 EU797679 EU797680, rps4-trnS DQ191888 EU797691 EU797692 EU797693. Acrorumohra subreflexipinna (Ogata) H. It\u00f4: trnL -F EU797675 EU797676 EU797678, rps4-trnS EU797688 EU797689 EU797690.Arachniodes aristata (G. Forst.) Tindale: rbcL AY268851, trnL-F AY268782. Arachniodes assamica (Kuhn) Ohwi: rps4-trnS DQ191891.Diacalpe annamensis Tagawa: rbcL EF463125, trnL-F DQ480132 EF540698. Diacalpe aspidioides Blume: rbcL DQ054523 EF463126, trnL-F DQ514490. Diacalpe chinensis Ching & S. H. Wu: rbcL JX535864, trnL JX535956, trnL-F JX535908, rps4-trnS JX535854. Diacalpe christensenae Ching: rbcL DQ054518 EF540699, trnL-F DQ480131 EF540699, rps4-trnS DQ480131 EF540699.Dryopsis apiciflora  Holttum & P.J. Edwards: rbcL DQ054521, trnL JX535957, trnL-F JX535909. Dryopsis clarkei (Baker) Holttum & P.J. Edwards: trnL JX535958, trnL-F JX535910, rps4-trnS JX535855. Dryopsis heterolaena (C. Chr.) Holttum & P.J. Edwards: rbcL DQ508770, trnL-F DQ514492. Dryopsis mariformis (Rosenst.) Holttum & P.J. Edwards: rbcL DQ054520 EF460683, trnL JX535959, trnL-F JX535911. Dryopsis sp.: rbcL DQ054525.Dryopteris aemula (Aiton) Kuntze: rbcL AY268881, trnL-F AY268816, rps4-trnS JN189189. Dryopteris affinis (Lowe) Fraser-Jenk. subsp. borreri Fraser-Jenk.: rbcL AY268849, trnL-F AY268776, rps4-trnS JN189190. Dryopteris alpestris Tagawa: rbcL JX535858, trnL JX535917, trnL-F JX535868, rps4-trnS JXH11103. Dryopteris amurensis Christ: rbcL AB575112, trnL JX535918, trnL-F JX535869, rps4-trnS JX535816. Dryopteris aquilinoides (Desv.) C. Chr.: rbcL AY268868, trnL-F AY268803, rps4-trnS JN189211. Dryopteris atrata  Ching: rbcL AB575115, trnL JX535919, trnL-F JX535870, rps4-trnS JX535817. Dryopteris bissetiana (Baker) C. Chr.: rbcL AY268862, trnL-F AY268796, rps4-trnS DQ191829. Dryopteris bodinieri (Christ) C. Chr.: rbcL DQ508772, trnL-F DQ514494, rps4-trnS DQ191830. Dryopteris caudipinna Nakai: rbcL AB575117, trnL JX535920, trnL-F JX535871, rps4-trnS JX535818. Dryopteris championii (Benth.) C. Chr.: rbcL AY268863, trnL-F AY268797, rps4-trnS DQ151856. Dryopteris chinensis (Baker) Koidz.: rbcL JX535859, trnL JX535921, trnL-F JX535872, rps4-trnS JX535819. Dryopteris chrysocoma (Christ) C. Chr.: rbcL DQ508773, trnL-F DQ514495, rps4-trnS DQ191832. Dryopteris cinnamomea (Cav.) C. Chr.: rbcL JN189528, trnL-F FR731991, rps4-trnS JN189202. Dryopteris commixta Tagawa: rbcL AB575120, trnL JX535922, trnL-F JX535873, rps4-trnS JX535820. Dryopteris corleyi Fraser-Jenk.: rbcL AY268873, trnL-F AY268808. Dryopteris crinalis (Hook. &Arn.) C. Chr.: AY268835, trnL-F AY268774. Dryopteris cycadina (Franchet & P. A. L. Savat.) C. Chr.: rbcL EF463127, trnL-F AY278400, rps4-trnS DQ191835. Dryopteris decipiens (Hook.) Kuntze var. decipiens: rbcL AB575123, trnL JX535923, trnL-F JX535874, rps4-trnS JX535821. Dryopteris dickinsii (Franchet & P. A. L. Savat.) C. Chr.: rbcL AB575125, trnL JX535924, trnL-F JX535875, rps4-trnS JX535822. Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray: rbcL AY268848, trnL-F AY268779, rps4-trnS JN189248. Dryopteris erythrosora (D. Eaton) Kuntze: rbcL DQ508774, trnL-F DQ514496, rps4-trnS JN189255. Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenk. & Jermy: rbcL AY268844, trnL-F AY268775, rps4-trnS JN189180. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott: rbcL AY268845, trnL-F AY268776, rps4-trnS JN189181. Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott: rbcL AB575129, AY268865, trnL-F FR731981 AY268800, rps4-trnS JN189185. Dryopteris futura A. R. Sm.: rbcL JN189534, trnL-F JN189103, rps4-trnS JN189208. Dryopteris gymnophylla (Baker) C. Chr.: rbcL JX535860, trnL JX535925, trnL-F JX535876, rps4-trnS JX535823. Dryopteris gymnosora (Makino) C. Chr.: rbcL AB575132, trnL JX535926, trnL-F JX535877, rps4-trnS JX535824. Dryopteris hadanoi Kurata: rbcL AB575133, trnL JX535927, trnL-F JX535878, rps4-trnS JX535825. Dryopteris handeliana C. Chr.: rbcL AB575134, trnL JX535928, trnL-F JX535879, rps4-trnS JX535826. Dryopteris hangchowensis Ching: rbcL AB575135, trnL JX535929, trnL-F JX535880, rps4-trnS JX535827. Dryopteris hayatae Tagawa: rbcL AB575137, trnL JX535930, trnL-F JX535881, rps4-trnS JX535828. Dryopteris himachalensis Fraser-Jenk.: rps4-trnS DQ191845. Dryopteris indusiata Makino & Yamam.: rbcL AB575140, trnL JX535931, trnL-F JX535882, rps4-trnS JX535829. Dryopteris intermedia (Muhlenb. ex Willd.) A. Gray subsp. maderensis (J. Milde ex Alston) Fraser-Jenkins: rbcL AB575143, trnL-F FR731985. Dryopteris juxtaposita Christ: rbcL AY268875, trnL-F AY268810, rps4-trnS DQ191848. Dryopteris kinkiensis Koidz. ex Tagawa: rbcL AB575144, trnL JX535932, trnL-F JX535883, rps4-trnS JX535830. Dryopteris lacera (Thunb.) Kuntze: rbcL AB575148, trnL JX535933, trnL-F JX535884, rps4-trnS JX535831. Dryopteris laeta (Kom.) C. Chr.: rbcL AB575149, trnL JX535934, trnL-F JX535885, rps4-trnS JX535832. Dryopteris lunanensis (Christ) C. Chr.: rbcL AB575150, trnL JX535935, trnL-F JX535886, rps4-trnS JX535833. Dryopteris mauiensis C. Chr.: rbcL AY268833, trnL-F AY268770. Dryopteris maximowicziana: rbcL AB575151, trnL JX535936, trnL-F JX535887, rps4-trnS JX535834. Dryopteris melanocarpa Hayata: rbcL AB575153, trnL JX535937, trnL-F JX535888, rps4-trnS JX535835. Dryopteris monticola (Makino) C. Chr.: rbcL AB575154, trnL JX535938, trnL-F JX535889, rps4-trnS JX535836. Dryopteris nipponensis Koidz.:AB575156, trnL JX535939, trnL-F JX535890, rps4-trnS JX535837. Dryopteris odontoloma (Bedd.) C. Chr.: rbcL AY268872, trnL-F AY268807, rps4-trnS DQ191859. Dryopteris pacifica (Nakai) Tagawa: rbcL AB575157, trnL JX535940, trnL-F JX535891, rps4-trnS JX535838. Dryopteris pallida (Bory) C. Chr. ex Maire & Petitm.: rbcL AY268874, trnL-F AY268809, rps4-trnS JN189266. Dryopteris patula (Sw.) L. Underw.: rbcL JN189500, trnL-F AY268823, rps4-trnS JN189176. Dryopteris podophylla (Hook.) Kuntze: rps4-trnS DQ191864. Dryopteris polita Rosenst.: rbcL AB575158, trnL-F EU797684, rps4-trnS EU797694. Dryopteris polylepis  C. Chr.: rbcL AY268864, trnL-F AY268798, rps4-trnS JN189263. Dryopteris reflexosquamata Hayata: rbcL JN189604, trnL-F JN189171, rps4-trnS DQ191870. Dryopteris remota (A. Braun ex Doell) Druce: rbcL AY268858, trnL-F AY268792, rps4-trnS JN189204. Dryopteris rosthornii (Diels) C. Chr.: rbcL JX535861, trnL JX535941, trnL-F JX535892, rps4-trnS JX535839. Dryopteris rubrobrunnea W. M. Chu: rbcL JX535862, trnL JX535942, trnL-F JX535893, rps4-trnS JX535840. Dryopteris ryo-itoana Kurata: rbcL AB575161, trnL JX535943, trnL-F JX535894, rps4-trnS JX535841. Dryopteris sabae (Franchet & P. A. L. Savat.) C. Chr.: rbcL AB575162, trnL JX535944, trnL-F JX535895, rps4-trnS JX535842. Dryopteris sacrosancta Koidz.: rbcL AB575163, trnL JX535945, trnL-F JX535896, rps4-trnS JX535843. Dryopteris sandwiciensis (Hook. & Arn.) C. Chr.: rbcL AY268827, trnL-F AY268762. Dryopteris saxifraga H. It\u00f4: rbcL AB575164, trnL JX535946, trnL-F JX535897, rps4-trnS JX535844. Dryopteris scottii (Bedd.) Ching: rbcL JX535863, trnL-F JX535898, rps4-trnS DQ191872. Dryopteris shiroumensis Kurata & Nakaike: rbcL AB575168, trnL JX535947, trnL-F JX535899, rps4-trnS JX535845. Dryopteris sichotensis V. Komarov: rbcL AY268869, trnL-F AY268804. Dryopteris sieboldii (Van Houtte ex Melt.) Kuntze: rbcL AB575169, trnL JX535948, trnL-F JX535900, rps4-trnS JX535846. Dryopteris simasakii (H. It\u00f4) Kurata var. simasakii: rbcL AB575170, trnL JX535949, trnL-F JX535901, rps4-trnS JX535847. Dryopteris sordidipes Tagawa: rbcL AB575172, trnL JX535950, trnL-F JX535902, rps4-trnS JX535848. Dryopteris sparsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Kuntze: rbcL AB575173, trnL JX535951, trnL-F JX535903, rps4-trnS JX535849. Dryopteris stenolepis (Baker) C. Chr.: rbcL AY268889, trnL-F AY268824, rps4-trnS DQ191877. Dryopteris sublacera Christ: rbcL DQ508778, trnL-F DQ514501, rps4-trnS DQ191878. Dryopteris tetrapinnata W. H. Wagner & Hobdy: rbcL AY268838, trnL-F AY268772. Dryopteris tokyoensis (Matsum. & Makino) C. Chr.: rbcL AY268861, trnL-F AY268795, rps4-trnS JN189251. Dryopteris tsutsuiana Kurata: rbcL AB575176, trnL JX535952, trnL-F JX535904, rps4-trnS JX535850. Dryopteris unidentata (Hook. & Arn.) C. Chr. var. unidentata: rbcL AY268825, trnL-F AY268766. Dryopteris uniformis (Makino) Makino: rbcL AB575177, trnL JX535953, trnL-F JX535905, rps4-trnS JX535851. Dryopteris varia (L.) Kuntze: rbcL AB575178, trnL JX535954, trnL-F JX535906, rps4-trnS JX535852. Dryopteris xanthomelas (Christ) C. Chr.: rbcL AY587118, trnL-F DQ150394, rps4-trnS DQ151857. Dryopteris yakusilvicola Sa. Kurata: rbcL AB575180, trnL JX535955, trnL-F JX535907, rps4-trnS JX535853.Leptorumohra quadripinnata (Hayata) H. It\u00f4: rbcL DQ508781, trnL-F DQ514505, rps4-trnS EF540707.Lithostegia foeniculacea (Hook.) Ching: rbcL DQ508782, trnL-F DQ514506, rps4-trnS EF540717.Nothoperanema diacalpioides Ching: rbcL DQ054511. Nothoperanema hendersonii (Bedd.) Ching: rbcL AB575138 DQ508783 EF463135 JN189547, trnL-F DQ514507 JN189116, rps4-trnS DQ191885 JN189221. Nothoperanema rubiginosum (Brack.) A. R. Sm. & D. R. Palmer: rbcL AY268836 DQ054511 (\u201cNothoperanema hendersonii (Bedd.) Ching\u201d) EF463182 (\u201cNothoperanema squamisetum (Hook.) Ching\u201d), trnL-F AY268771. Nothoperanema shikokianum (Makino) Ching: rbcL AB575167 DQ054509 EF463136, trnL JX535960, trnL-F JX535912, rps4-trnS DQ191886 JX535856. Nothoperanema squamisetum (Hook.) Ching: rbcL DQ054512, trnL JX535961, trnL-F JX535913, rps4-trnS DQ191887.Peranema cyatheoides D. Don: rbcL DQ054513. Peranema luzonicum Copel.: rbcL DQ508784 (\u201cPeranema cyatheoides D. Don\u201d), trnL-F DQ514509 (\u201cPeranema cyatheoides D. Don\u201d).The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.LBZ desgined the study, conducted data analyses, and wrote the manuscript, LZ, EBS, and AE carried out the lab work, LZ, SYD, EBS, XFG, and AE collected and identified portion of the material. All authors contributed to the manuscript revision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "The word \"Neuroacanthocytosis\" is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Alterations of Red Cell Membrane Properties in Neuroacanthocytosis. The correct citation is: Siegl C, Hamminger P, Jank H, Ahting U, Bader B, et al. (2013) Alterations of Red Cell Membrane Properties in Neuroacanthocytosis. PLoS ONE 8(10): e76715. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076715"}
{"text": "The 4th author's last name is misspelled. The correct author name is: Odile Boespflug-TanguyThe correct citation is:Schiff M, Benoist J-F, A\u00efssaoui S, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Mouren M-C, et al. (2011) Should Metabolic Diseases Be Systematically Screened in Nonsyndromic Autism Spectrum Disorders? PLoS ONE 6(7): e21932. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021932"}
{"text": "The authors wish to add Gabriele Campi as the 5th author to the byline. Dr. Campi's affiliation is: Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases (DIBIT), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy. The correct byline is: Canderan G, Gruarin P, Montagna D, Fontana R, Campi G, Melloni G, Traversari C, Dellabona P, Casorati G. The correct citation is: Canderan G, Gruarin P, Montagna D, Fontana R, Campi G, et al. (2010) An Efficient Strategy to Induce and Maintain In Vitro Human T Cells Specific for Autologous Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. PLoS ONE 5(8): e12014. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012014"}
{"text": "The second author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Holger Br\u00fcggemann.Clostridium botulinum Type A Strain Hall. PLoS ONE 7(7): e41848. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041848The correct citation is: Connan C, Br\u00fcggemann H, Mazuet C, Raffestin S, Cayet N, et al. (2012) Two-Component Systems Are Involved in the Regulation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Synthesis in"}
{"text": "PLoS ONE 7(4): e35493. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035493 There was a typographical error in the second author's name. The correct spelling is Markus Damme. The correct citation is: Thelen M, Damme M, Schweizer M, Hagel C, Wong AM, et al. (2012) Disruption of the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway Is Involved in Neuropathology of the"}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author is incorrect. The correct name is: Yun-Wen Zheng. The correct Citation is: Liu NM, Yokota T, Maekawa S, L\u00fc P, Zheng Y-W, et al. (2013) Transcription Profiles of Endothelial Cells in the Rat Ductus Arteriosus during a Perinatal Period. PLoS ONE 8(9): e73685. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073685. The correct abbreviation of the fifth author's name in the Author Contributions Statement is: YWZ."}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Firas Kobeissy.The correct citation is: Xu G, Stevens SM Jr, Kobeissy F, Brown H, McClung S, et al. (2012) Identification of Proteins Sensitive to Thermal Stress in Human Neuroblastoma and Glioma Cell Lines. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49021. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049021"}
{"text": "There was an error in the title and citation. The correct title is, \"Absence of Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Results in Loss of Microglia, Disrupted Brain Development and Olfactory Deficits.\" The correct citation is: Erblich B, Zhu L, Etgen AM, Dobrenis K, Pollard JW (2011) Absence of Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Results in Loss of Microglia, Disrupted Brain Development and Olfactory Deficits. PLoS ONE 6(10): e26317. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026317"}
{"text": "FUBP1, CIC, and IDH1. PLoS ONE 8(3): e59773. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059773. The name of the fifth author was given incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Klink B, Miletic H, Stieber D, Huszthy PC, Campos Valenzuela JA, et al. (2013) A Novel, Diffusely Infiltrative Xenograft Model of Human Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma with Mutations in"}
{"text": "There was a typographical error in the title and citation. The correct title is, \"Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Interacts with the RNA-Binding Protein Caprin1 in Neuronal RiboNucleoProtein Complexes\" and the correct citation is:El Fatimy R, Tremblay S, Dury AY, Solomon S, De Koninck P, et al. (2012) Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Interacts with the RNA-Binding Protein Caprin1 in Neuronal RiboNucleoProtein Complexes. PLoS ONE 7(6): e39338. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039338"}
{"text": "There was an error in the name of the third author in the citation. The correct citation is:Wavre-Shapton ST, Tolmachova T, Lopes da Silva M, Futter CE, Seabra MC (2013) Conditional Ablation of the Choroideremia Gene Causes Age-Related Changes in Mouse Retinal Pigment Epithelium. PLoS ONE 8(2): e57769. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057769"}
{"text": "There was an error in the name of the second author.The correct name is: Homayoun Sadeghi-BazarganiThe correct citation is: Arshi S, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Mohammadi R (2012) Burn Injury-Specific Home Safety Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49412. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049412"}
{"text": "The first author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Dharmayati Bambang Utoyo. The correct abbreviation in the Contributions section is DBU. The correct citation is: Utoyo DB, Jaya ES, Arjadi R, Hanum L, Astri K, et al. (2013) Preliminary Study on the Effectiveness of Short Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (GCBT) on Indonesian Older Adults. PLoS ONE 8(2): e57198. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057198. There were additional errors in the Contributions section. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: DUL ESJ RA LH KA MDDP. Performed the experiments: ESJ RA LH KA MDDP. Analyzed the data: DUL ESJ RA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DUL ESJ RA LH KA MDDP. Wrote the paper: DUL ESJ RA."}
{"text": "The name of the first author was incorrectly represented in the Citation. The correct Citation is: de Gouw D, Hermans PWM, Bootsma HJ, Zomer A, Heuvelman K, et al. (2014) Differentially Expressed Genes in Bordetella pertussis Strains Belonging to a Lineage Which Recently Spread Globally. PLoS ONE 9(1): e84523. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084523."}
{"text": "There was an error in the same of the fourth author.The correct name is: Stefan HabelitzThe correct citation is: Burwell AK, Thula-Mata T, Gower LB, Habelitz S, Kurylo M, et al. (2012) Functional Remineralization of Dentin Lesions Using Polymer-Induced Liquid-Precursor Process. PLoS ONE 7(6): e38852. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038852"}
{"text": "The name of the third author is incorrect. The correct name is: Debi Roberson. The correct Citation is: Zhang R, Hu Z, Roberson D, Zhang L, Li H, et al. (2013) Neural Processes Underlying the\u201cSame\u201d-\u201cDifferent\u201d Judgment of Two Simultaneously Presented Objects- An EEG Study. PLoS ONE 8(12): e81737. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081737. The correct abbreviation of the third author's name in the Author Contributions statement is: DR."}
{"text": "Three references were omitted from the PDF during the preparation of this article for publication.These references are:53. Vanderschuren LJMJ, Trezza V, Griffioen-Roose S, Schiepers OJG, Van Leeuwen N, et al. (2008) Methylphenidate disrupts social play behavior in adolescent rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 33: 2946\u20132956. doi: 10.1038/npp.2008.10.54. Sara SJ, Dyon-Laurent C, Herv\u00e9 A (1995) Novelty seeking behavior in the rat is dependent upon the integrity of the noradrenergic system. Cogn Brain Res 2: 181\u2013187.55. Tzschentke TM (2007) Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference paradigm: update of the last decade. Addict Biol 12: 227\u2013462."}
{"text": "There was an error in the author byline. Severine Jancek was excluded. The correct byline is: Gwenael Piganeau, Adam Eyre-Walker, Severine Jancek, Nigel Grimsley, Herve Moreau.Severine Jancek's affiliation is 4 Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 6035, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.The correct citation is: Piganeau G, Eyre-Walker A, Jancek S, Grimsley N, et al. (2011) How and Why DNA Barcodes Underestimate the Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes. PLoS ONE 6(2): e16342. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016342Severine Jancek's author contribution is: Analyzed the data."}
{"text": "Journal of Neuroinflammation 8:47.Correction to Gupta P K, Prabhakar S, Sharma S, Anand A. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.  The authors observe that, in Table two of our study , crude OSmoking: .Alcohol consumption: .Meat consumption: ."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name is misspelled. The correct spelling is: Omid Saeed Tehrani. The correct citation is: Pitter KL, Galb\u00e1n CJ, Galb\u00e1n S, Tehrani OS, Li F, et al. (2011) Perifosine and CCI 779 Co-Operate to Induce Cell Death and Decrease Proliferation in PTEN-Intact and PTEN-Deficient PDGF-Driven Murine Glioblastoma. PLoS ONE 6(1): e14545. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014545"}
{"text": "There is an error in reference 33. The correct reference is: Patowary S, Alvarez\u2011Curto E, Xu TR, Holz JD, Oliver JA, Milligan G, Raicu V. (2013). The muscarinic M3 acetylcholine receptor exists as two differently sized complexes at the plasma membrane. Biochem J 452:303-12."}
{"text": "The second author's name is misspelled. The correct spelling is: Heike MikschofskyThe correct citation is:Nausch H, Mikschofsky H, Koslowski R, Meyer U, Broer I, et al. (2012) Expression and Subcellular Targeting of Human Complement Factor C5a in Nicotiana species. PLoS ONE 7(12): e53023. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053023"}
{"text": "An initial is missing in the third author's name. The correct name is: Balthasar A Heesters. The correct citation is: Langereis MA, Zeng Q, Heesters BA, Huizinga EG, de Groot RJ , et al. (2012) The Murine Coronavirus Hemagglutinin-esterase Receptor-binding Site: A Major Shift in Ligand Specificity through Modest Changes in Architecture. PLoS Pathog 8(1): e1002492. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002492"}
{"text": "Overstreetia cribbi n. sp. from Atherinomorus lacunosus. This species differs from its congeners in the detail of its circum-oral spination and some metrical features. Other new records are of: Diphterostomum plectorhynchi Machida, Kamegai & Kuramochi, 2006 in Diagramma pictum; Parvipyrum acanthuri (Acanthurus dussumieri; Zoogonoides viviparus (Lagocephalus sceleratus; Deretrema ? combesorum (Parupeneus pleurostigma; D? acutum (P. barberinus; and an unidentified immature zoogonid in P. multifasciatus. The newly reported specimens are illustrated and measurements given. The distribution of New Caledonian zoogonids is listed.New and published reports of zoogonid digeneans from New Caledonian waters are recorded, including a description of canthuri  in Acantiviparus  in Lagocmbesorum  early ov? acutum  in P. ba Deretrema species sister to the Zoogoninae + Faustulidae, and Lepidophyllum species sister to that assemblage. As can be seen the sample size is small and, although the support for this arrangement is statistically good, the findings are clearly provisional and preliminary. The known zoogonid fauna of waters around New Caledonia is small, but will probably be found to be larger when explorations of the deep-sea are undertaken. In this paper we list all the known species, including a new species of the genus Overstreetia  will represent a published work according to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and hence the new names contained in the electronic version are effectively published under that Code from the electronic edition alone. This published work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank, the online registration system for the ICZN. The ZooBank LSIDs (Life Science Identifiers) can be resolved and the associated information viewed through any standard web browser by appending the LSID to the prefix \u201cFamily Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902Subfamily Zoogoninae Odhner, 1902GenusDiphterostomumStossich, 1903urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D56035F2-141C-4607-8AFE-7AEFED0AE0B3.ZooBank: Diphterostomum tropicumDurio & Manter, 1968urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:71827EC5-F9EA-44A4-888D-12BF3E1FE770.ZooBank: Diphtherostomum tropicum Durio & Manter, 1968Syn: Record from off New Caledonia: Durio & Manter (1968a)Lethrinus sp., \u2018bec de cane\u2019; \u2018can be safely identified as\u2019 Lethrinus nebulosus   .Lethrinus lentjan   from Green Island, on the Great Barrier Reef. The only other report is from the sparid Chrysophrys auratus  from off New Zealand by Discussion: Diphterostomum plectorhynchiMachida, Kamegai & Kuramochi, 2006 , Perciformes, Haemulidae, painted sweetlips.Host: Site: digestive tract.Locality: Between Lar\u00e9gni\u00e8re and R\u00e9cif Crouy ; Interior Lagoon near R\u00e9cif Toombo .Specimens: MNHN JNC2511, JNC2512, JNC3023, BMNH 2014.1.31.2-3.Previous New Caledonian records: none.Plectorhinchus spp. from off Japan   (as P. hasta), the banded grunter P. furcatus  (as Rhonciscus furcatus) and the saddle grunt P. maculatus  from the Bay of Bengal  . D. indif Bengal , is saidDiphterostomum spp.  with, according to our records, over 200 reports of various life-cycle stages. More than 130 of these (66%) refer to the species D. brusinae. About 5% of these records are from the Indo-West Pacific Region, but no reports are from haemulids. Members of this genus are all similar with few distinguishing features.There are about 13 recognised GenusParvipyrumPritchard, 1963urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7C176519-62E1-401E-BDDE-F19F8B2CBA7D.ZooBank: Parvipyrum acanthuriPritchard, 1963 ; ex A. dussumieri, Noum\u00e9a Fish Market (08/04/2011), R\u00e9cif Snark .Localities: ex A. blochii, MNHN JNC2213, BMNH 2007.11.14.51; ex A. dussumieri, MNHN JNC2545, JNC3374, BMNH 2014.1.31.6.Specimens: ex Previous New Caledonian record: Acanthurus blochii.Previously reported New Caledonian host: Acanthurus, and has been reported only from Hawaii  Odhner, 1902 , Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae, silver-cheeked toadfish.Host: Site: digestive tract.Locality: near \u00celot Pandanus .Specimens: MNHN JNC2982.Previous New Caledonian records: none.Zoogonoides have been described from the Indo-Pacific region. Three of these can be distinguished from our specimen by the sucker ratio, with the ventral sucker smaller than, or of similar size to, the oral sucker , and Z. yamagutii Kamegai, 1973. Z. viviparus is reported mainly in the North Atlantic Ocean, having been originally reported off Norway  [as P. anguillaris] (Siluriformes: Plotosidae) from Nishidomari Bay, Tsushima Island, Japan , the second in intermediate host may be an ophiuroid or holothurian echinoderm, a polychaete, bivalve or gastropod, or possibly a mysid crustacean , Perciformes, Lethrinidae, Japanese large-eye bream; Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale, 1910, Perciformes, Lethrinidae, Pacific yellowtail emperor; L. genivittatus Valenciennes, 1830, Perciformes, Lethrinidae, longspine emperor:Hosts: Site: intestine, digestive tract.G. euanus, Inside Lagoon, facing R\u00e9cif Toombo , Off R\u00e9cif Ku\u00e9 ; ex L. atkinsoni, Off Ever Prosperity ; ex L. genivittatus, Off Baie des Citrons, Noum\u00e9a , Baie Maa .Localities: ex G. euanus, MNHN JNC2388, BMNH 2014.1.31.4; ex L. atkinsoni, MNHN JNC1789, BMNH 2007.11.14.52; ex L. genivittatus, MNHN JNC2293, BMNH 2007.11.14.52.Specimens: ex Previous New Caledonian records: 1. G. euanus , L. atkinsoni , L. genivittatus .Previously reported New Caledonian host: Chrysophrys auratus Forster 1801 (as Pagrosomus unicolor) from the Inland Sea of Japan  from off Callao, Peru , Perciformes, Mullidae, manybar goatfish.New Caledonian host: Deretrema combesorumBray & Justine, 2008urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE93F29C-4B9E-4E39-B986-BBB772DA8016.ZooBank: Record from off New Caledonia: Parupeneus multifasciatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825), Perciformes, Mullidae, manybar goatfish.New Caledonian host: Deretrema ? combesorumBray & Justine, 2008, early ovigerous forms , Perciformes, Mullidae, sidespot goatfish.Host: Site: digestive tractLocality: West of Passe de Dumb\u00e9a .Specimens: MNHN JNC2416, BMNH 2014.1.31.5.C. combesorum. They show all the diagnostic characters listed in D. combesae and C. combesorum. Nevertheless, several metric and ratio characters differ, e.g., size, width ratio, and the ratios of the suckers and the sizes of most gonads relative to body-length , Perciformes, Mullidae, dash-and-dot goatfish.Host: Site: digestive tract.Locality: West of \u00celot Go\u00ebland .Specimens: MNHN JNC2346.Previous New Caledonian records: none.D. acutum as described by Naso, from off Hawaii  synonymous with D. acutum, following the discussion of Discussion: The single specimen available appears indistinguishable  from D. f Hawaii . Bray , Perciformes, Priacanthidae, moontail bullseye.New Caledonian host: GenusLecithostaphylusOdhner, 1911urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:431229B4-A8F9-4107-B3A4-779055CD30F4.ZooBank: Lecithostaphylus nitens  Linton, 1940urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EDDA9CF7-19AA-4386-AAE2-BEBF6ABC566D.ZooBank: Record from off New Caledonia: Tylosurus crocodilus , Beloniformes, Belonidae, hound needlefish.New Caledonian host: Tylosurus, Platybelone and Ablennes, mostly from the former. It was originally reported in \u2018Tylosurus caribbaeus\u2019 [? T. acus] from off Woods Hole, Massachusetts in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Most reports are from the northwestern Atlantic or Gulf of Mexico, including one from T. crocodilus , Atheriniformes, Atherinidae, hardyhead silverside.Host: Site: digestive tract.Locality: Anse Vata, Noum\u00e9a .Specimens: Holotype MNHN JNC2656, Paratype BMNH 2014.1.31.1.Etymology: This species is named after our colleague Dr. Tom Cribb, of the University of Queensland, who has contributed immeasurably to our understanding of the taxonomy and biology of digeneans.Based on 2 ovigerous specimens. Measurements on Testes 2, oval, entire to slightly irregular, tandem, contiguous, in anterior half of hindbody. Cirrus-sac broadly claviform, posterior end overlaps anterior edge of ventral sucker. Seminal vesicle allantoid, undivided, surrounded by gland-cells, in proximal region of cirrus-sac. Pars prostatica vesicular. Ejaculatory duct short, thick-walled. Genital atrium small. Genital pore submarginal, sinistral, bifurcal.Ovary oval, entire, contiguous with ventral sucker and close to anterior testis. Proximal female system obscured by eggs. Uterus runs posteriorly from ovary passes ventrally over testes, fills bulk of body posterior to anterior testis, presumably reaches extracaecally, but caeca obscured by eggs. Metraterm short, muscular, with narrow sheath of gland-cells. Eggs numerous, operculate, tanned. Vitellarium forms 2 lateral fields of few  irregularly oval follicles between levels of ventral sucker and posterior testis.Excretory pore terminal. Excretory vesicle anterior extent and shape obscured by eggs.Overstreetia and Pseudopalaeorchis Kamegai, 1970. Since the key was produced two further zoogonid genera have been described with tandem testes, Whitegonimus Je\u017cewski, Zdzitowiecki & Laskowski, 2009 and Oesophagotrema Chaari, Derbel & Neifar, 2011  off Sodwana, Natal, South Africa  off Heron Island, Queensland, Australia  and the paratype of O. olsoni (BMNH 2005.3.11.6) and included the data in Only six ovigerous specimens of O. cribbi the enlarged spines form an arc beside the aperture of the oral sucker and pass dorsally around the oral sucker region. This contrasts with the condition in O. sodwanaensis where the oral spine rows are limited to the anterior part of the oral sucker region , Perciformes, Mullidae, manybar goatfish.Host: Site: digestive tract.Locality: Off R\u00e9cif Ku\u00e9, Middle of Reef .Specimens: JNC2827.The zoogonid fauna of New Caledonian waters as described here is small, and probably represent a low proportion of the complete fauna as the Zoogonidae (and particularly the Lepidophyllinae) is one of the relatively few digenean families with a good representation in the deep-sea, i.e., off the continental shelf . NeverthDeretrema combesae, Deretrema combesorum, Dupliciporia lanterna and Overstreetia cribbi n. sp.Four species (31% of the fauna) are endemic: Diphterostomum tropicum.One species (8%) is restricted to South Western Pacific close to New Caledonia (FAO Major Fishing Area 71): Diphterostomum plectorhynchi, Parvipyrum acanthuri, Deretrema triodontis and Sacculoacetabulum ohjibah.Four species (31%) are found in the northern and southern Western Pacific (FAO 61 & 71): Deretrema acutum.One species (8%) is reported in the Western and Central Pacific : Zoogonus pagrosomi.One species is reported from sites across the Pacific Ocean : Zoogonoides viviparus, Lecithostaphylus nitens. These are probably cryptic complexes.Two species (15%) are cosmopolitan :"}
{"text": "Dr. Sara Ares-Carrasco was not correctly included in the author byline. Dr. Ares-Carrasco should be listed as the fifth author and affiliated with Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Madrid, Spain. The contributions of this author are as follows: Performed the experiments. Dr. Ares-Carrasco's name should be abbreviated in the Author Contributions Statement as follows: SAC.The correct Citation is: Picatoste B, Ram\u00edrez E, Caro-Vadillo A, Iborra C, Ares-Carrasco S, et al. (2013) Sitagliptin Reduces Cardiac Apoptosis, Hypertrophy and Fibrosis Primarily by Insulin-Dependent Mechanisms in Experimental type-II Diabetes. Potential Roles of GLP-1 Isoforms. PLoS ONE 8(10): e78330. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078330."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was misspelled in the author list and citation. The correct name is David J. Diemert.The citation should read: Saichua P, Sithithaworn P, Jariwala AR, Diemert DJ, Sithithaworn J, et al. (2013) Microproteinuria during Opisthorchis viverrini Infection: A Biomarker for Advanced Renal and Hepatobiliary Pathologies from Chronic Opisthorchiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(5): e2228. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002228"}
{"text": "The first author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Tamara Ben-Ari. The correct citation is: Ben-Ari T, Neerinckx S, Gage KL, Kreppel K, Laudisoit A, et al. (2011) Plague and Climate: Scales Matter. PLoS Pathog 7(9): e1002160. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002160"}
{"text": "The name of the second author is incorrect. The correct name is: Ricardo Sant'Anna. The correct Citation is: Ferreira P, Sant\u2019Anna R, Varej\u00e3o N, Lima C, Novis S, et al. (2013) Structure-Based Analysis of A19D, a Variant of Transthyretin Involved in Familial Amyloid Cardiomyopathy. PLoS ONE 8(12): e82484. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082484.The correct abbreviation of the second author's name in the Author Contributions Statement is: RS."}
{"text": "AbstractManestella Metz, 2003 is revised with a single species, Manestella tristriata , redescribed and an additional 14 new species described: Manestella caesiasp. n., Manestella campestrissp. n., Manestella canitiessp. n., Manestella cooloolasp. n., Manestella fumosasp. n., Manestella incompletasp. n., Manestella nubissp. n., Manestella obscurasp. n., Manestella ocellarissp. n., Manestella personasp. n., Manestella poecilothoraxsp. n., Manestella umbrapennissp. n., Manestella vastasp. n. and Manestella vesperasp. n. The putative sister genus to Manestella, Medomegagen. n., is described containing six new species: Medomega averyisp. n., Medomega bailmeupsp. n., Medomega chlamydossp. n., Medomega danielsisp. n., Medomega gigasathesp. n., and Medomega nebriassp. n. Complete taxonomic descriptions were generated from a character matrix developed in Lucid Builder from which natural language descriptions (NLD) were parsed. Images of all species of Manestella and Medomegagen. n. are included, along with dichotomous keys to species.The previously monotypic genus  Diptera: Therevidae), comprising 375 described species in 26 genera exclusively placed in two subfamilies, Agapophytinae (209 spp. in 23 gen.) and Therevinae (166 spp. in 3 gen.)  are endemic to the region. There are also a significant number of new species and several genera in collections remaining to be described, with the fauna expected to total at least twice this number when fully documented.Australasia is the most species-rich biogeographical region for stiletto flies ( 3 gen.) , 2011. APsilocephala Zetterstedt, 1838, Manestella Metz, 2003 as a monotypic genus to accommodate Psilocephala tristriataManestella are described herein: Manestella caesia sp. n., Manestella campestris sp. n., Manestella canities sp. n., Manestella cooloola sp. n., Manestella fumosa sp. n., Manestella incompleta sp. n., Manestella nubis sp. n., Manestella obscura sp. n., Manestella ocellaris sp. n., Manestella persona sp. n., Manestella poecilothorax sp. n., Manestella umbrapennis sp. n., Manestella vasta sp. n. and Manestella vespera sp. n. All species are endemic to Australia and are commonly found in coastal heath habitats. Manestella includes some of the smallest sized stiletto flies, with body length rarely exceeding 5.0 mm.In their revision of the genus Manestella. This close relationship is based on characters in the male genitalia such as the apodemes of the parameral sheath joining midway along distiphallus rather than proximal to the basiphallus . Manestella can be differentiated from all other agapophytine genera based on the following characteristics: wing cell m3 open, subapical av seta on hind femur absent, femora without elongate velutum patches, male usuallyPageBreak with multiple rows of postocular setae, and abundant bristle-like setae and glaucous pubescence on the entire body in both sexes . Medomega gen. n. is differentiated from all other agapophytine genera by the following characteristics: head much higher than long, ocellar tubercle raised; wing vein R2+3 reflexed anteriorly with a kink, cell m3 open; femoral velutum patches absent and hind femur with one or more subapical av setae. Herein we revise Manestella and describe Medomega gen. n. as new. Manestella tristriata (Mann) is redescribed with descriptions of 14 new species of Manestella and six new species of Medomega gen. n. Keys to species are provided for both genera.us-group , but alophytinae , 2011 baphytinae , female phytinae . While MAdult morphological terminology follows Types are deposited in the following institutions and collections: Australian Museum (Sydney) (AMS), Australian National Insect Collection (Canberra) (ANIC), Queensland Museum (Brisbane) (QM), Western Australian Museum (Perth) (WAM), Greg Daniels private collection [to be ultimately housed in the Australian Museum] (GDCB/AMS), California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco) (CAS), California State Collection of Arthropods (Sacramento) (CSCA). Numbers quoted with individual specimens as MEI000000 are unique identifiers in the therevid database MANDALA and are attached to each specimen as a yellow or white label . MateriaMetzhttp://species-id.net/wiki/ManestellaManestellaPsilocephala tristriata Mann, 1933: 331, by original designation. Metz, 2003: 10. Type species PageBreakwith numerous, dark setae; head length approximately equal to or slightly longer than height; male frons narrow with eyes often contiguous; parafacial pile absent, pubescence with silver velutum band laterally between antennal base and eye; face concave, grey pubescent; male with one or more rows of postocular setae; antennae shorter than or equal to head length; scutal pubescence glaucous, marked with dark brown, markings frequently as two medial stripes anteriorly, fused posteriorly, laterally stripes broken or irregularly tessellated; prosternal depression without setae; metanepisternum with post-spiracular setae absent; setae absent on posterior surface of mid coxa; femoral velutum patches absent; hind femur without subapical av setae; fore femur without macrosetae; hind coxal knob present; wing markings typically brown infuscate and white translucent, mottled or banded, sometimes uniform infuscate, often with additional spur veins and/or extra crossveins; vein M3 sometimes incomplete; cell m3 open; abdominal tergite 2 usually with patch of short setae medially; gonocoxites with diffuse velutum patch ventrally (sometimes absent); inner gonocoxal process present; dorsal and ventral apodemes of parameral sheath joining along distiphallus, both forked; female with three spermathecae; small rounded spermathecal sac present; spermathecal ducts joining to common spermathecal sac duct; acanthophorite spines A1 and A2 present, well developed.Body length rarely exceeding 5.0 mm. Body usually covered with dense glaucous grey pubescence with darker brown or grey markings on head and scutum, admixed Manestella contains some of the smallest stiletto flies, with a typical body length range of 3.5\u20135.0 mm. Females of the largest species attain a mere 5.5 mm total body length. External and male genitalic morphology are relatively conserved in this genus, and body colouration is generally grey and brown pubescent with mottled scutum and wings. The male abdomen often has a silver velutum covering. Atypical for therevids, there is considerable variation in wing venation in species in this genus, with individuals sometimes showing different arrangements of veins in each wing (e.g. spur veins or incomplete M3). Manestella is closely related to Medomega gen. n. based on characters such as the apodemes of the parameral sheath joining midway along the distiphallus rather than proximal to the basiphallus; numerous strong setae commonly on the head, thorax, and apices of the gonostylus and inner gonocoxal process, as well as a characteristic glaucous pubescence overlying much of the body. Manestella can be identified using the dichotomous key to Australasian genera in Manestella caesia sp. n.; Manestella campestris sp. n.; Manestella canities sp. n.; Manestella cooloola sp. n.; Manestella fumosa sp. n.; Manestella incompleta sp. n.; Manestella nubis sp. n.; Manestella obscura sp. n.; Manestella ocellaris sp. n.; Manestella persona sp. n.; Manestella poecilothorax sp. n.; Manestella tristriata (Mann); Manestella umbrapennis sp. n.; Manestella vasta sp. n.; Manestella vespera sp. n.Manestella except for Manestella poecilothorax sp. n.; females are unknown for Manestella persona sp. n., Manestella nubis sp. n., Manestella umbrapennis sp. n. and Manestella vasta sp. n.PageBreakMost key couplets rely heavily on male characteristics as females are difficult to distinguish for many species. External characters are used where possible throughout the key, but male genitalic dissections should be examined to confirm identity. Unassociated females cannot be confidently separated for most species of urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FF995D63-CD6E-4591-BD44-6E989E2DAFABhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_caesiaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 27.4 km N Payne\u2019s Find, , 400m, 3.x.1962, E. S. Ross, D. Q. Cavagnaro .Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: male, Badgingarra National Park, 40 km E Cervantes, , 30.x.1987, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger ; male, 2 females, Lesueur NP: Cockleshell Gully: 20 Sep-9 NovPageBreak 2003 C Lambkin N Starick J Recsei Eucalyptus woodland: Malaise 59 m: ANIC Bulk Sample 2175 30\u00b008'47\"S, 115\u00b006'27\"E (GPS) ; 4 males, 15 km N Wanneroo, , 24.x.1987, M. E. Irwin; sand hill with low heath . South Australia: male, 18 km SSW Pinnaroo, , 20\u201324.x.1983, ex. ethanol, I. D. Naumann, J. C. Cardale .Western Australia: 3 males, 2 females, Lesueur NP: Cockleshell Gully: 20 Sep-9 Nov 2003 C. Lambkin, N. Starick, J. Recsei, Eucalyptus woodland: Malaise 59 m: ANIC Bulk Sample 2175, 30\u00b008'47\"S, 115\u00b006'27\"E (GPS) ; Victoria: male, 5 females, Wyperfeld National Park, Murrayville Track, 45.2 km SSE Murrayville, 14\u201320.xi.2002, C. Lambkin, D. Yeates, N. Starick, J. Recsei, 35\u00b039'26\"S, 141\u00b019'30\"E  .AUSTRALIA: Frontal setae smaller than setae on scape (in both sexes); male postocular setae in single row with irregular setae dorsomedially; male wing mostly white translucent, with brown infuscate markings apically on cells bm, br and d, female wing darker with markings along most wing veins; femora brown, yellow apically; male abdomen with velutum; triangular ventromedial process on gonocoxites absent.Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with dark brown markings, profile flat, lower frontal markings as narrow brown stripe , or brown quadrangle dorsally, brown band above antennae ; frontal setae dark; male frontal vestiture with patch of short setae above antenna, shorter than setae on scape, female frontal vestiture with short to moderate length setae; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but eyes not contiguous; male postocular setae black, as a single row, additional setae irregularly arranged medially, female with two regular rows; occiput pubescence grey, narrow triangular marking medially ; genal setae white, elongate, dense and curved anteriorly; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, vestiture as numerous large dark setae (admixed with shorter setae); flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutum pubescence grey with brown markings, vestiture as scattered short dark setae, longer and paler posteriorly in male; scutal markings as two dark medial stripes anteriorly, joining posteriorly, stripes broken to tessellate laterally; scutal macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence; coxal setae mostly pale; femora dark grey-brown, apices yellow, vestiture as extensive long pale setae  or short dark setae, admixed with longer pale setae ; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark brown, basal portions of tarsomeres 1\u20132 yellow; wing white translucent, infuscate along wing veins and apically in cells cu-p, bm and discal ; venation dark, yellowish basally; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): notopleural (np) macrosetae 3, supra alar (sa) macrosetae 1, post alar (pa) macrosetae 1, dorsocentral (dc) macrosetae 5\u20136, scutellar (sc) macrosetae 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour brown-black, obscured by extensive velutum, with silver velutum on tergites 2\u20137, vestiture mostly elongate pale PageBreaksetae, denser laterally; terminalia brown; female abdominal markings with tergites dark brown dorsally , intersegmental membrane distinctly pale, well defined. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without triangular ventromedial process, velutum extensive, longer posteromedially; outer gonocoxal process relatively elongate, narrowed distally; setae on gonocoxites pale; genitalia dark with grey pubescence, outer gonocoxal process and inner gonocoxal process pale distally.Body length= 3.5\u20134.0 mm , 3.5\u20134.5 mm . Manestella caesia sp. n. has a relatively broad distribution throughout the southern mainland states. This species is differentiated form all other Manestella by the relatively flat frons with only a few short dark setae, single row of postocular setae and velutinous pubescence on the abdomen in the male.caesius, bluish-grey; referring to the overall glaucous pubescent body colour.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D3119A1B-0E0F-4447-B07E-66A12AF875F4http://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_campestrisHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Warren River, 6 mi. SE Pemberton, 16.i.1971, ex. Malaise trap, G. A. Holloway  (AMS).Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 3 males, same data as holotype  (AMS); male, 2 females, 24 mi. E Pinjarra 19.i.1971, G. A. Holloway, H. Hughes  (CAS).Frontal setae absent or minute, much smaller than scape setae; frons not protruding; male postocular setae in two rows; male dark yellow to cream laterally on abdominal segments 1\u20132; wing uniform smoky infuscate; femora brown, male hind femur yellow basally; male abdomen without velutum; gonocoxites without triangular ventromedial processes.Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with dark brown markings, profile flat, lower frontal markings brown quadrangle dorsally, brown band above antennae; female frontal vestiture with uniform minute setae, setae dark ; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; male postocular setae as two or more rows immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle, setae black; occipital pubescence grey or tan-brown; genal setae pale; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, numerous large dark setae; flagellum brown or brownish orange, darker distally. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey-tan with brown markings, markings as two dark medial stripes anteriorly, joining posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate , vestiture as scattered short dark setae ; scutal macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale; anepisternum with grey-brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale; femora dark brown, apices yellow or dark brown, malePageBreak hind femur yellow basally, vestiture uniform short dark setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with apices brown; distal segments completely brown; winguniform smoky infuscate; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 5; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male without silver velutum on tergites; base colour dark brown, dark yellow to cream laterally on segments 1\u20132; vestiture mostly elongate pale setae, denser laterally (darker setae posteriorly); terminalia brown; female abdomen mostly dark brown, anterior segments slightly paler; intersegmental membrane distinctly pale coloured, well delineated. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without triangular ventromedial process, gonocoxite glabrous ventrally, velutum absent; outer gonocoxal process relatively elongate, broad distally; distiphallus slightly spiral-shaped.Body length= 3.5\u20134.0 mm , 4.5\u20135.0 mm . Manestella campestris sp. n. is a western species with uniformly smoky infuscate wings, flat frons without macrosetae and gonocoxites without extensive velutum. Abdominal segments 1\u20132 are slightly lighter in color  than the rest of the abdomen and this characteristic is unique to this species.campester, field or plain; referring to the topography of the region that this species was collected.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A5A0E85-5E89-43A7-9B13-3AF774C6CB43http://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_canitiesHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, Stirling Range National Park, Stirling Range, Gold Holes , 20.xi.1987, M. E. Irwin. .34\u00b026.033'S, 118\u00b004.386'E (GPS) .8 males, 6 females, same data as holotype ; 5 males, Stirling Ranges NP, Chester Pass Road: Eucalyptus open woodland 230m, C. Lambkin, J. Recsei, 3\u201315.xi.2003: Malaise ANIC Bulk Sample 2191, Western Australia: 2 males, female, Stirling Ranges NP, Chester Pass Road: dry creek, sandy soil, 270m, C. Lambkin, J. Recsei, 3\u201315.xi.2003, Malaise ANIC Bulk Sample 2193, 34\u00b023.684\u2019S, 117\u00b052.962\u2019E (GPS) .AUSTRALIA: Wing mottled; male frontal and scape setae similar length; male frons protruding slightly; two rows of postocular setae in male; femora black; tibiae dark yellow to brown; male abdomen with silver velutum; ventromedial projection absent on gonocoxites.Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with dark brown markings, profile with lower frons raised as rounded tubercle around antennal base, lower frontal markings brown medial stripe PageBreakand spot above antennal base  or brown quadrangle medially, brown mark laterally above antennal base  ; male frontal vestiture with patch of short setae above antenna, shorter than setae on scape; female frontal vestiture with more extensive short to moderate length setae , setae dark; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; postocular setae black, in male as two or more rows immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle, or as a single row, with additional setae irregularly arranged medially; occipital pubescence grey, narrow triangular marking medially; genal setae white, elongate, dense and curved anteriorly; antennal scape equal length to flagellum, densely covered with large, dark setae (longer than scape setae); flagellum brown (with grey pubescence). Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey with brown markings; vestiture as scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly; scutal markings as two dark medial stripes anteriorly, joining posteriorly, lateral markings irregularly tessellate; macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale, rarely with admixed pale and dark setae; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, coxal setae mostly pale; femora dark brown, vestiture as uniform short dark setae , or short dark setae, admixed with longer pale setae ; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with apices brown, distal segments completely brown; wingmottled infuscate (as irregular bands); scutal chaetotaxy(pairs): np, 3\u20134; sa, 1; pa, 1\u20132; dc, 6\u20138; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour brown-black, with silver velutum on tergites 2\u20137, vestiture mostly elongate pale setae, denser laterally; terminalia brown; female abdominal markings with tergites dark brown dorsally, pale grey laterally on anterior segments; female intersegmental membrane distinctly pale, well delineated. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without triangular ventromedial process, gonocoxite with extensive velutum, longer posteriorly; outer gonocoxal process relatively elongate, narrow distally.Body length= 3.0\u20133.5 mm , 4.0\u20134.5 mm . Manestella canities sp. n. is known from southwestern Western Australia and is easily diagnosed by the mottled wing, male with protruding frons with dark setae and two rows of postocular macrosetae, and the gonocoxite with extensive velutum but triangular ventromedial process absent.canus, grey to white; referring to the grey pubescent body colour.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D4B58E4A-5502-495A-85DE-73D265481F58http://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_cooloolaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Cooloola Section, Great Sandy National Park , 6\u20138.x.2002, J. Skevington .Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 2 males, 1 female, Great Sandy National Park, Cooloola Section, 05.x.1996, S. L. Winterton (CAS) (MEI091005\u201307); 2 males, 2PageBreak females, Great Sandy National Park, Cooloola Section, 01\u201305.x.1996 , D. K. Yeates, C. Lambkin, S. L. Winterton ; 1 male, 1 female, Bribie Island, QDPI Fisheries site, heathland-Acacia regrowth , Malaise trap, S. L. Winterton, N. Power, 12.ix.1997 (CAS).Wing mottled; male frontal setae slightly shorter than scape setae; male frons protruding; single row of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; male abdomen with silver velutum; triangular ventromedial projection present on gonocoxites; female frons with concentric brown spot and crescent above antennae.Head. Frontal pubescence tan-grey with brown markings, profile with lower frons raised as rounded tubercle around antennal base; lower frontal markings as brown medial stripe and spot above antennal base , or brown medial stripe, spot laterally and crescent ventrally ; frontal setae dark; male frontal vestiture with patch of short setae above antenna, shorter than setae on scape, female frontal vestiture with uniform minute setae; male eyes contiguous above antennae; male postocular setae as single row immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle; postocular setae black; occipital pubescence grey with narrow marking medially; genal setae pale; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, vestiture as numerous large dark setae; flagellum orange-yellow. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey-tan with brown markings, vestiture as scattered short dark setae  or scattered short dark setae, longer and paler posteriorly , markings as two dark medial stripes anteriorly joining posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate; scutal macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale or with admixed pale and dark setae; anepisternum with grey-brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, coxal setae mostly pale; femora dark grey-brown, apices yellow, vestiture as short dark setae, admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with apices brown; wing mottled infuscate ; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3\u20134; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour brown-black overlain with silver velutum on tergites 2\u20137, vestiture mostly elongate pale setae, denser laterally; terminalia brown; female abdominal markings with tergites dark brown dorsally, intersegmental membrane distinctly pale, well delineated; grey pubescence posterolaterally on tergites 1\u20138. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite with triangular ventromedial process distinct , gonocoxite velutum extensive, longer medially; outer gonocoxal process relatively short, triangular, narrowed distally; processes on gonocoxite yellow distally.Body length= 2.5\u20133.5 mm , 4.0\u20135.0 mm . Manestella cooloola sp. n. is an eastern species found in coastal heath habitats. This species is distinguished by the mottled wing, male gonocoxites with extensive velutum and triangular medial process, and distinctive female frontal pubescence pattern.The specific epithet is named after the Cooloola section of Great Sandy National Park (Queensland), where this species was collected.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:644126B1-9359-4FE9-B3A6-6D17642CF946http://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_fumosaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: W of Norseman, Eucalyptus woodland, dry gully to salt lake, Malaise trap, C. Lambkin et al., ANIC bulk sample 2184, 1\u201317.xi.2003 271m  (WAM).Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2 males, 2 females, W of Norseman, Eucalyptus woodland, dry gully to salt lake, Malaise trap, C. Lambkin et al., ANIC bulk sample 2184, 1\u201317.xi.2003 271m  .Wing uniform infuscate; male frontal setae minute; male frons flat in profile; two rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; male abdomen without silver velutum; acute triangular ventromedial projection present on gonocoxites; gonocoxites without velutum patch; female frontal markings as irregular brown quadrangle dorsally and brown band above antennae.Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with dark brown markings, profile flat, lower frontal markings as small brown spot medially, suffused with light brown above antennae , or irregular brown quadrangle dorsally and brown band above antennae ; male frontal vestiture with patch of short setae above antenna, shorter than setae on scape, female frontal vestiture with short to moderate length setae, frontal setae dark; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; male postocular setae as two or more rows immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle (rows well defined); postocular setae black, occipital pubescence grey, triangular marking medially (narrow); genal setae pale; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, scape vestiture as numerous large dark setae; flagellum orange-brown. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey with extensive brown markings, vestiture scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly, scutal markings as two dark medial stripes anteriorly, joining posteriorly, lateral markings broken to tessellate; scutal macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae white; anepisternum with brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale; femora dark brown with short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with brown apices; terminal segments completely dark; wing uniform smoky infuscate (slightly darker anteriorly); scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 5\u20136; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour dark brown dorsally, grey pubescent laterally, without silver velutum dorsally, vestiture as short dark setae dorsally, longer pale setae laterally; terminalia brown to dark yellow; female abdominal markings with tergites dark brown dorsally, grey laterally, intersegmental membrane pale coloured, well defined. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite with acute triangular ventromedial process; gonocoxite relatively elongate posterolaterally, narrowed distally, velutum patch absent; ejaculatory apodeme greatly enlarged.Body length= 3.0\u20134.0 mm , 4.0 mm . Manestella fumosa sp. n. is a distinctive western species with uniform smoky wings, flat male frons with setae reduced, two rows of postocular macrosetae,PageBreak male gonocoxites with velutum patch absent and triangular ventromedial process present .Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 1 male, 4 females, Walyunga National Park, [Darling Range], , 10.xi\u201316.xi.1987, 24.xi.1987, Malaise trap, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger. ; 2 males, 3 females, Kalamunda National Park, Darling Range, Helena River, , 16.xi.1987, 24.xi.1987, Malaise trap, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger .Western Australia: 2 females, Charles Darwin Reserve, 12km NE HQ, 29.509\u00b0S, 117.05\u00b0E, 325m 14\u201319.ix.2009, Malaise 18313, Jam, Acacia acuminata, flowering herbs C. Lambkin, G. Monteith ; 1 male, same except 19\u201323.ix.2009, Malaise 18436 ; 2 females, Charles Darwin Reserve, Wanarra Rd, 29.58\u00b0S, 116.996\u00b0E, 300m 19\u201323.ix.2009, Malaise 18430, York Gums, Acacia, flowering herbs C. Lambkin, G. Monteith ; 1 male, Karara, 13km SE Boiada Camp, 29.26\u00b0S, 116.628\u00b0E, 292m 15\u201324.ix.2009, FIT trap 18352, York Gum/Acacia woodland, near clay pan, G. Monteith C. Lambkin ; 1 female, Karara, 16.9 km SE Boiada Camp, 29.256\u00b0S, 116.675\u00b0E, 312m 15\u201324.ix.2009, Malaise 18359, Acacia woodland, flowering herbs, C. Lambkin G. Monteith ; 1 female, same except 18\u201324.ix.2009, Malaise 18407 ; 2 females, Lochada, 29.095\u00b0S, 116.547\u00b0E, 17.ix.2009, Sweep Net on Calycopeplus paucifolias 360, R. Leijs .AUSTRALIA: Wing dark mottled; frontal setae similar length to scape setae; male frons protruding in profile; multiple rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; abdomen grey-silver pubescent laterally, brown dorsally; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection; female frontal markings as narrow medial stripe, irregular brown quadrangle dorsally and brown band above antennae.Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with dark brown markings, lower frons raised as rounded tubercle around antennal base, lower frontal markings brown medial stripe and spot above antennal base , or brown quadrangle dorsally, brown band above antennae ; frontal setae dark, setae similar length to setae on scape ; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; male postocular setae as two or more rows immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle; postocular setae black, relatively elongate; occipital pubescence grey, narrow triangular marking medially ; genal setae white, elongate, dense and curved anteriorly; antennal scape equal length to flagellum, densely covered with large, dark setae; flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey-tan with brown markings, numerous elongate dark setae, scutal markings as two dark medial stripes anteriorly, joining posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate; scutal macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale; anepisternum with grey-brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale; femora dark brown with short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically and sometimes also basally; tarsi dark brown with yellow basally on basal segments; wing mottled infuscate, darker and more extensive in male; vein M3 often incomplete, ending before wing margin; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs) np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 5\u20136; sc, 1. Abdomen. Base colour dark brown dorsally, grey pubescent laterally; male without extensive silver velutum on tergites, vestiture mostly as elongate pale setae, denser laterally; terminalia brown; female intersegmental membranes distinctly pale, well defined, wider on posterior segments. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without ventromedial process, outer gonocoxal process relatively elongate, narrowed; gonocoxite velutum extensive, distinct; gonocoxite macrosetae dark.Body length= 3.5\u20134.5 mm , 4.0\u20135.0 mm . Manestella incompleta sp. n. is a western species distinguished by the mottled wings, male with protruding frons with dark macrosetae, two rows of postocular macrosetae in male, gonocoxites without ventromedial process and velutum patch present, and wing vein M3 terminating before wing margin.3 vein frequently exhibited by individuals of this species.The specific epithet refers to the incomplete Murn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B2CD63CE-5324-4103-A6EE-04369628CA50http://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_nubisHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Carnarvon National Park, Mount Moffatt Section, Headquarters (site 12), , 740m, 17.xi.1995, D. K. Yeates .Wing uniform infuscate; male frontal setae minute; male frons flat in profile; single row of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; male abdomen without silver velutum; triangular ventromedial projection absent on gonocoxites, velutum patch absent; distiphallus extending ventrally well beyond gonocoxites.Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with dark brown markings, frons profile flat, frontal markings as narrow brownPageBreak medial stripe and suffuse spot above antennal base, patch of short setae above antenna, shorter than setae on scape, setae dark; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; male postocular setae as a single row immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle, additional setae irregularly arranged laterally; occipital pubescence grey, narrow brown stripe medially; genal setae white, short and curved anteriorly; antenna scape shorter than flagellum with dark setae, flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey with brown markings, two dark medial stripes anteriorly joining posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate (pattern diffuse); scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly; katatergite setae uniformly pale; anepisternum uniform grey pubescent; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence; coxal setae mostly pale; femora dark grey-brown, apices paler, vestiture short dark setae, admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with brown apices, distal segments completely dark; wing uniform smoky infuscate; scutal chaetotaxy(pairs) np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4; sc, 1. Abdomen. Base colour dark brown; overlain with brown pubescence dorsally, grey pubescent laterally, without silver velutum on tergites, vestiture mostly as elongate pale setae, denser laterally; terminalia brown. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without triangular medial process, outer gonocoxal process relatively elongate, spatulate distally, gonocoxite pubescence barely evident, without velutum patch ventromedially; distiphallus elongate, curved ventrally beyond gonocoxite.Body length= 3.5 mm . Manestella nubis sp. n. is only known from a single male specimen from Queensland. This species is distinguished by the flat male frons, uniformly infuscate wings, and distiphallus projecting ventrally beyond gonocoxites.nubes, smoke; referring to the infuscate wings.The specific epithet is the Latin urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3ED49AC6-4F16-436D-AD7B-3CD3BE889CABhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_obscuraHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Brisbane Forest Park, Scrub Road, , 3.x\u201310.x.1997, Malaise trap, S. Winterton, N. Power, D. White .Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: male, 3 females, Brisbane Forest Park, Scrub Road, , 12.ix\u201310.x.1997, Malaise trap, S. Winterton, N. Power, D. White ; male, 2 females, Brisbane Forest Park, Scrub Road,  Malaise trap, 28.ix\u201315.x.2002, J. Skevington, J. M. Cumming (CAS).PageBreakmedial projection; female frontal markings as diffuse brown quadrangle medially and brown spot above antennae.Wing uniform infuscate; male frontal setae absent; male frons flat in profile; multiple rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; male abdomen with grey pubescence laterally; gonocoxites without ventroHead. Frontal pubescence grey with brown markings, profile flat, lower frontal markings as brown medial stripe and spot above antennal base , or brown quadrangle dorsomedially with diffuse brown band above antennae ; male frontal vestiture absent, female frontal vestiture as uniform small dark setae, male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus, sometimes contiguous; male postocular setae as two or more irregular rows immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle; occipital pubescence grey, narrow brown stripe medially; genal setae pale; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, numerous dark setae; flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey-tan with brown markings, scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly, scutal markings as two dark medial stripes anteriorly, joined posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate; pleuron grey pubescent, darker in female with brownish base colour; katatergite setae uniformly pale; coxae dark, overlain with grey pubescence; femora brown with yellow basally and apically, uniform short dark setae, sometimes admixed with longer white setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with apices brown; wing uniform smoky infuscate; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1, dc, 4\u20135; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour dark brown dorsally, grey pubescent laterally, with sparse silver velutum on tergites 2\u20137 , elongate pale setae, denser laterally; terminalia brown; female abdominal tergites dark brown dorsally, intersegmental membrane distinctly pale, well defined. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without ventromedial process, gonocoxite velutum barely evident; outer gonocoxal process relatively short and acuminate; gonocoxite with posterolateral process relatively short, triangular; distiphallus short, straight.Body length= 3.0\u20134.0 mm , 4.0\u20134.5 mm . Manestella obscura sp. n. is an eastern species distinguished by the uniformly infuscate wing, male with frons flat and without setae, two rows of postocular macrosetae in both sexes, gonocoxite without a triangular ventromedial process or velutum patch.obscurus, dark, indistinct; referring to the dark infuscate wings.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A92552DE-A172-4994-9CB7-09165F0215AEhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_ocellarisHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Burrum Heads, 6.ix.1987, G. & A. Daniels  (AMS).Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 6 males, 2 females, Burrum Heads, 6.ix.1987, G. & A. Daniels  .PageBreak macrosetae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown with yellow suffusion; male abdomen without silver velutum; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection, posterolateral area glossy, glabrous; female frontal markings as narrow medial stripe and two diffuse brown spots laterally along eye margin.Wing mottled infuscate, fenestrations faint in male; male frontal setae similar length to scape setae; frons protruding in profile; single row of postocularHead. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with light brown markings, lower frontal markings as a narrow brown medial stripe and diffuse spot above antennal base, an additional spot laterally in female; lower frons protruding anteriorly; male frontal vestiture with patch of dark setae above antenna, equal length to setae on scape, female frontal vestiture with uniform small setae, longer immediately above antenna; male frons width at narrowest point less than width of anterior ocellus but not contiguous; male postocular setae as single row immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle, setae black; occiput pubescence grey, narrow brown stripe medially; genal setae pale; antennal scape equal length to flagellum, numerous large dark setae; flagellum dark yellow to brown. Thorax. Scutal markings grey with dark brown pattern, two brown pubescence medial stripes anteriorly, joining posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate, scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence, anepisternum with diffuse brown marking dorsally; katatergite setae uniformly pale; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale; femora brown with yellowish suffusion (variable intensity), short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with apices brown; wing mottled infuscate, fenestrations faint; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4\u20135; sc, 1. Abdomen. Abdomen dark brown, grey pubescent laterally; male abdominal vestiture mostly elongate pale setae, denser and more elongate laterally; female intersegmental membrane distinctly pale; terminalia brown. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without triangular medial process, gonocoxite process relatively elongate and spatulate; inner gonocoxal process with strong dark setae apically, gonocoxite velutum extensive, distinct, shiny glabrous area posterolaterally.Body length= 3.0\u20134.0 mm , 4.0\u20135.0 mm . Manestella ocellaris sp. n. is an eastern species close to Manestella cooloola sp. n. and Manestella tristriata based on the mottled wing and protruding male frons with large macrosetae. This species can be distinguished by the lack of velutum on the male abdomen and by the glossy, glabrous patch posteriorly on the gonocoxite.ocellatus, eyelike spots; referring to the brown markings on the frons.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E1C521A6-A74B-43F2-8B3F-0CA02AF111C8http://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_personaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Golden Bay, -32.426, 115.771, 19.xi.2008, vegetated dunes, S. L. Winterton, S. D. Gaimari (WAM).Wing dark banded infuscate; male frontal setae similar length to scape setae; frons protruding in profile; two rows of postocular macrosetae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; head and thoracic setae relatively elongate; scutellum with two pairs of macrosetae; femora dark brown; male abdomen with dense silver velutum; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection, velutum patch present.Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with dark brown markings, lower frons profile raised around antennal base, frontal markings as brown medial stripe and spot above antennal base; frontal vestiture with small patch of dark, elongate setae above antenna, similar length to scape setae; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; male postocular setae as two or more rows immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle, setae black; occipital pubescence grey, triangular marking medially and suffuse brown along postocular ridge; genal setae white, elongate, dense and curved anteriorly; antennal scape equal length to flagellum, scape silver-grey pubescent, densely covered with large, dark setae; flagellum brown, overlain with silver pubescence. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey with brown markings, numerous relatively long, scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly; markings as two dark medial stripes anteriorly joining posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate; scutal macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale; anepisternum with grey-brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale; femora dark brown, overlain with grey pubescence, short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with apices brown; wing dark banded infuscate; vein M3 incomplete, ending before wing margin; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3\u20134; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 6; sc, 2. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour darkish, obscured by extensive silver velutum on tergites 2\u20137; vestiture mostly elongate pale setae, denser laterally; terminalia brown. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without medial process, gonocoxite posterolateral projection relatively elongate, narrowed distally; gonocoxite velutum extensive, distinct.Body length= 4.0 mm . Manestella persona sp. n. is unknown. This western species is closely related to Manestella incompleta sp. n. based on the wing mottling, male frons and gonocoxite shape and incomplete M3 vein. Manestella persona sp. n. can be easily distinguished by the two pairs of scutellar macrosetae and longer scutal macrosetae.The female of persona, mask; referring to the brown markings on the frons.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:61068214-A949-4C2F-8099-95C709C9F9D0http://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_poecilothoraxHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Golden Bay, -32.426, 115.771, 19.xi.2008, vegetated dunes, S. L. Winterton & S. D. Gaimari (WAM).Western Australia: 4 males, 3 females, Nambung National Park, 5 km S Cervantes, , 4.xi.1987, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin ; 1 male, Kalbarri, , 30.ix.1973, L. P. Kelsey; sand dunes .AUSTRALIA: Wing mostly white translucent with slight infuscation ; male frontal setae few in number, minute; male frons flat in profile; single row of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; hind femur yellow with brown patch; male abdomen with grey pubescence; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection; female frontal markings as brown medial stripe, with brown band and spot above antennae.Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with tan suffusion and brown markings, brown medial stripe and spot above antennal base , medial stripe with brown spot dorsolaterally, brown band above antenna , frons profile flat in male, slightly rounded in female, male frontal vestiture with small patch of minute setae above antenna, female with short to moderate length setae , always much shorter than setae on scape; setae on frons and scape dark, admixed with 2\u20133 white setae laterally; male frons width at narrowest point contiguous, male postocular setae as single row immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle, setae black, with occasional lighter, more elongate seta(e) dorsally; occipital pubescence grey; genal setae pale; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, scape overlain with grey pubescence; flagellum brown with grey pubescence. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey with darker grey-brown pattern; scattered short dark setae, slightly denser anteriorly; scutal markings as two brown medial stripes anteriorly, joining posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate ; scutal macrosetae dark; pleuron with grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale; femora brown with sparse grey pubescence yellow apically and basally, hind femur yellow in basal two thirds, extensive long pale setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with apices brown; wing mostly white translucent, dark markings apically in cells cu-p, bm and discal, centrally in cell br ; vein M3 incomplete; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 5\u20136; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour darkish, overlain with sparse grey pubescence on tergites 2\u20137, segments 2\u20133 with cream margin, mostly elongate pale setae, denser laterally; terminalia brown or dark yellow, female abdominal markings with tergites dark brown dorsally, intersegmental membrane distinctly pale, well defined. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without medial process, gonocoxite posterolateral process relatively short, narrowed distally, gonocoxite velutum patch extensive, distinct; patch of shorter, darker setae posteroventrally on gonocoxite.Body length= 3.0\u20133.5 mm , 4.0\u20135.0 mm . Manestella poecilothorax sp. n. is a western species with distinctive femoral, scutal and wing colouration. The pale terminalia, incomplete vein M3 and flat male frons with minute setae also differentiates this species.poekilos, spotted; referring to the brown spotted or pied markings on the thorax.The specific epithet is derived from the Greek (Mann)http://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_tristriataPsilocephala tristriata\u2013 Irwin and Lyneborg 1989: 358 [catalogue]. Mann, 1933: 331 Manestella tristriata\u2013 (Mann) Holotype male, AUSTRALIA: Victoria: Kiata , Oct. 1928, F. E. Wilson (NMV).\u2018Allotype\u2019. AUSTRALIA: Victoria: female, Kiata , Oct. 1928, F. E. Wilson (NMV).Victoria: 5 males, 5 females, Little Desert National Park, Western Block, Elliots track, 61.5km WSW Nhill , 19\u201322.xi.2002, C. Lambkin, D. Yeates, N. Starick, J. Recsei (ANIC).AUSTRALIA: Wing mottled infuscate; male frontal setae shorter than scape setae; frons protruding in profile; multiple irregular rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora dark brown; male abdomen with dense silver velutum; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection, velutum patch distinct.Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with dark brown markings, profile raised as rounded tubercle around antennal base, narrow brown medial stripe and dark spot above antennal base , or brown medial stripe, spot laterally and crescent above antennal base ; male with patch of short dark setae within dark spot above antenna, shorter than setae on scape, female with scattered short setae, longer dorsally; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; male with multiple irregular rows of black postocular setae; occipital pubescence grey, narrow triangular marking medially; genal setae pale; antennal scape almost equal length to flagellum, numerous large dark setae, flagellum brown with silver pubescence laterally and medially. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey with dark brown pattern, scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly, two dark medial stripes anteriorly, joining posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate; scutal macrosetae long and dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale; anepisternum with grey-brown marking dorsally; coxae dark or pale, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale; femora dark grey-brown, apices yellow, short dark setae, admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with apices brown; wing mottled infuscate; vein M3 complete to wing margin;scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 6; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour darkish, obscured by extensive silver velutum on tergites 2\u20137, vestiture mostly elongate pale setae, denser laterally; terminalia brown; female abdominal markings with tergites dark brown dorsally, intersegmental membrane distinctly pale, well defined. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without medial process; outer gonocoxal process relatively short, truncated, narrow distally; gonocoxite velutum extensive, distinct with prominent medial tuft.PageBreakBody length= 3.0\u20134.0 mm , 4.0\u20135.0 mm . Manestella tristriata is the type for the genus, and was originally described by Psilocephala Zetterstedt. Manestella based on this species. This species is differentiated from all other Manestella species based on the mottled wing, protruding frons, frontal setae smaller than scape setae, and the distinctive tufted velutum patch on the ventral surface of the gonocoxite.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E5205D2-2FF8-4461-8BCB-B624EA8CCB75http://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_umbrapennisHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 3 km S Dawesville, at Tim\u2019s Thicket Road, , 25.x.1987, M. E. Irwin, white sand plain .Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 2 males, 3 km S Dawesville, at Tim\u2019s Thicket Road, , 25.x.1987, M. E. Irwin, white sand plain ; 2 males, Kalbarri, Gabba Gabba Gully, , 17.ix.1981, 19.ix.1981, L. P. Kelsey, on heath ; 3 males, Kalbarri, Shore Road, , 21.ix.1981, L. P. Kelsey; heath/dunes .Wing largely uniform infuscate; male frontal setae similar size to scape setae, patch divided medially; male frons protruding in profile; two rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora dark brown; male abdomen with brown pubescence, grey laterally; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection or velutum patch.Head. Frontal pubescence silver and dark brown, lower frons protruding around antennal base, markings as brown medial stripe, suffuse brown laterally; frontal vestiture with dense covering of dark, erect elongate setae, narrowly divided medially into two patches above antennae; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; two rows of black postocular setae; occipital pubescence grey, narrow triangular marking medially; genal setae white, elongate, dense and curved anteriorly; antennal scape equal length to flagellum, densely covered with large, dark setae; flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutal pubescence extensively dark brown with light grey dorsocentral stripes and narrow medial stripe, mottled grey anterolaterally; numerous elongate dark setae, denser anteriorly; macrosetae dark, relatively elongate; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale; anepisternum with brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly pale; femora dark brown, short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae dark yellow to brown, darker brown apically; tarsi brown, basitarsis dark yellow basally; wing largely uniform smoky infuscate with very faint fenestration centrally; vein M3 complete to wing margin; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 6; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colPageBreakour dark brown, grey pubescent laterally, short dark setae dorsally, longer pale setae laterally; intersegmental membranes distinctly pale; terminalia brown. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without triangular ventromedial process, outer gonocoxal process very short, truncated, gonocoxite velutum patch not present; ejaculatory apodeme narrow.Body length= 3.0\u20133.5 mm . Manestella umbrapennis sp. n. This western species is closely related to Manestella vespera sp. n. based on the largely uniformly infuscate wing and protruding male frons with large macrosetae, and absence of ventromedial triangular process or velutum patch on the gonocoxite. This species can be distinguished by the male frontal macrosetae patch being divided medially, and by the shape of the aedeagus.The female is unknown for umbra, shadow and penna, wing; referring to the brown infuscate wings.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1A49DCA-E5CD-4889-A91A-C22DADA97382http://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_vastaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 55 km W Paynes Find , 16.ix.1983, E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin, scrub-desert with annual flowers .Paratype. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: male, 30 miles E Merredin , 375 m, 16.ix.1962, E. S. Ross, D. Q. Cavagnaro .Wing uniform pale infuscate; male frontal setae smaller than scape setae; male frons flat in profile; two rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora brown; male abdomen without silver velutum; triangular ventromedial projection absent on gonocoxites; inner gonocoxal process with dense tuft of strong macrosetae.Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with dark brown markings, profile flat, narrow brown stripe medially, light brown suffusion above antenna; patch of short black setae above antenna, shorter than setae on scape; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; male postocular setae as two rows immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle (rows well defined); postocular setae black, occipital pubescence grey, triangular marking medially (narrow); genal setae pale; antennal scape shorter than flagellum, numerous large dark setae; flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey-tan with brown markings, two dark medial stripes anteriorly, joining posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate, scattered dark setae, denser anteriorly; scutal macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale; anepisternum with grey-brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae white; femora dark brown with short black setae admixed with longer white setae; tibiae yellow, brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with brown apices; wing uniform smoky infuscate (slightlyPageBreak darker anteriorly); scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 7\u20138; sc, 1. Abdomen. male abdomen base colour dark brown, grey pubescent laterally, without silver velutum dorsally, short dark setae dorsally, longer pale setae laterally; terminalia brown. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without triangular medial process; gonocoxite relatively elongate posterolaterally, narrowed distally; gonocoxite with sparse velutum present ventrally; inner gonocoxal process with dense tuft of strong macrosetae; ejaculatory apodeme narrow.Body length= 3.0\u20133.6 mm . Manestella vasta sp. n. can be distinguished by the uniformly infuscate wing, flat male frons with macrosetae present and the inner gonocoxal process having a patch of string macrosetae apically.The female is unknown for this species. vastus, vast, empty; referring to the desolate habitat of this species.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8C9D32AC-E8C4-492A-9C95-27FF0179AC4Fhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Manestella_vesperaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Walyunga National Park, 40 km NE Perth, , 26.xi.1987, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger .Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 4 males, 4 females, Walyunga National Park, 40 km NE Perth, , 26.xi.1987, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger ; 1 female, Walyunga National Park, 40 km NE Perth, , 26\u201329.x.1987, M. E. Irwin. .Wing uniform infuscate; male frontal setae similar size to scape setae, patch not divided medially; male frons protruding in profile, rounded; two rows of postocular setae adjacent to ocellar tubercle in male; femora dark brown; male abdomen with brown pubescence, grey laterally; gonocoxites without ventromedial projection; velutum patch reduced; female frontal markings as broad brown quadrangle, silver along eye margin and brown spot above antennae; ejaculatory apodeme enlarged, distiphallus with ventral bulb.Head. Frontal pubescence silver with dark brown markings, lower frons protruding above antennal base, rounded, markings as brown medial stripe, suffuse brown laterally , or as broad brown quadrangle, silver along eye margin and brown spot above antennae ; frontal vestiture with dense covering of dark, erect elongate setae in single patch above antennae; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; two irregular rows of black postocular setae; occipital pubescence grey, narrow stripe medially; genal setae white, dense and curved anteriorly; antennal scape equal length to flagellum, densely covered with large, dark setae; flagellum brown. Thorax. Scutal pubescence extensively dark brown with light PageBreakgrey dorsocentral stripes, grey anterolaterally; numerous relatively elongate dark setae, denser anteriorly; macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale; anepisternum without brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae pale; femora dark brown, short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae brown, fore and mid tibiae suffuse with dark yellow basally; tarsi brown, basitarsis dark yellow basally; wing uniform dark smoky infuscate; vein M3 complete to wing margin; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs) np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 5\u20136; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour dark brown, grey pubescent laterally, short dark setae dorsally, longer pale setae laterally; terminalia brown. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite without ventromedial process, gonocoxal process relatively long, narrow apically; gonocoxite velutum reduced; ejaculatory apodeme enlarged; distiphallus with ventral bulb.Body length= 3.0\u20133.5 mm , 4.0\u20135.5 mm . Manestella vespera sp. n. is a western species closely related to Manestella umbrapennis sp. n. This species can be distinguished by the shape of the aedeagus and by the male frontal patch of macrosetae not being divided medially.vesper, evening, west; referring to both the brown infuscate wings and western distribution of this species.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:160AE28E-B03B-4E4A-95A3-256F6F68AAEDhttp://species-id.net/wiki/MedomegaMedomega danielsi sp. n.2+3 reflexed anteriorly with kink approximately midway; cell m3 open .PageBreakParatypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: male, female, same data as holotype ; 8 females, same data as holotype .Western Australia: male, Geraldton Dist. [District] Glenfield , 18.iv.1973, N. McFarland .AUSTRALIA: Wing white translucent with irregular brown marginal mottling; most head and body setae white; scutum with narrow medial stripe and spots laterally; scape yellow, brown laterally, longer than flagellum; posterior surface of mid coxa with setae; extensive silver setae on abdomen.Head. Male frontal pubescence silver-grey, slightly rounded in profile, patch of fine white setae between antennal base and eye margin; female frons silver-grey laterally, brown-tan medially, frons flat, short dark setae laterally, concentrated above antennal base; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus, sometimes contiguous; male with single row of white postocular macrosetae immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle, female with scattered dark and pale macrosetae; occipital pubescence grey, narrow marking medially; genal and parafacial setae white, elongate and fine; antennal scape longer than flagellum, orange-yellow, usually with dark suffusion laterally, overlain with sparse grey pubescence admixed with numerous large white setae, several dark setae dorsally; flagellum orange-yellow, distal half dark. Thorax. Scutal pubescence silver-grey with narrow brown medial stripe and irregular spots laterally; numerous elongate white setae covering scutum, macrosetae white  or black , setal bases dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly white; anepisternum with grey-brown marking; coxae overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae white, mid coxa with setae on posterior surface; fore femur dark brown-black, mid and hind femora dark yellow, black apically, dense long white setae on anterior and posterior surfaces, hind femur with single av setae apically, grey pubescence on all femora; tibiae yellow, black basally and apically; tarsi dark, basitarsus dark yellow basally; wing white translucent, faint mottled infuscation marginally and along wing veins, darker and more extensive in female;scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour darkish, obscured by dense silver velutum on tergites 2\u20137, admixed with extensive long erect or semi-appressed silver-white setae; terminalia dark yellow with grey pubescence; female abdomen brown with grey pubescence laterally and posteriorly on segments 1\u20136; terminalia dark yellow. Male genitalia. Epandrium not elongate; gonocoxite with trapezoid shaped outer gonocoxal process.Body length= 5.0\u20135.7 mm , 5.5\u20137.0 mm . Medomega averyi sp. n. can be distinguished by the extensive silver-white pile on the head and body, elongate scape, male with white macrosetae on head and thorax, wings mostly white translucent and setae on the posterior surface of the mid coxa. See additional comments under Medomega chlamydos sp. n.It is an honour to name this species after the grandfather of the senior author, Avery \u201cJoe\u201d Winterton.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:66D7D2AE-BE17-4B66-AD21-067DAB2AFC52http://species-id.net/wiki/Medomega_bailmeupHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Keep River National Park, Bail-Me-Up Creek, 23.7 km SSW Jarrnarm Camp Ground , 13\u201320.vi.2001, M.E. Irwin, F.D. Parker, C. Lambkin, Malaise in dry creek bed (ANIC).Northern Territory: 20 males, 5 females, Keep River National Park, Bail-Me-Up Creek, 23.7 km SSW Jarrnarm Camp Ground , 13\u201330.vi.2001, M.E. Irwin, F.D. Parker, C. Lambkin, Malaise in dry creek bed . ; 4 males, Hazard Creek, 23.7 km SSW Jarrnarm Camp Ground; Malaise; 3-9.vi.2001 ME Irwin, FD Parker, C Lambkin 15\u00b057'33\"S, 129\u00b001'44\"E (GPS) ; 4 males, Jarrnarm Camp Ground; pan trap; 8.vi.2001; FD Parker, ME Irwin, 15\u00b045'44\"S, 129\u00b005'55\"E (GPS) ; 4 females, 3.7 km S Jarrnarm junction; flight intercept trap; 31.v-9.vi.2001; R. Oberprieler, A. Calder, L. Boutin 15\u00b047'49\"S, 129\u00b006'31\"E (GPS) ; 2 females, Keep River Gorge; Malaise in rocky dry river bed; 11-20.vi.2001 ME Irwin, FD Parker, C Lambkin 15\u00b050'00\"S, 129\u00b006'35\"E(GPS) ; 3 males, Limestone Gorge; pan trap; 7.vi.2001; ME Irwin, FD Parker, C Lambkin 16\u00b003'01\"S, 130\u00b024'07\"E (GPS) ; 2 females, Keep River National Park; Keep River Gorge; Malaise in rocky dry river bed; 11/20-VI-2001 ME Irwin, FD Parker, C Lambkin 15\u00b050'00\"S, 129\u00b006'35\"E(GPS) .AUSTRALIA: Wing dark brown with white fenestration; head and body macrosetae black, coxal macrosetae white; frons with dark spots along eye margins; scutum with narrow medial stripe and irregular tessellate pattern laterally; scape yellow, red-brown dorsally, mostly dark setae with several pale setae basally; posterior surface of mid coxa with long pale setae; abdomen with sparse, silver pubescence admixed with sparse, erect pale setae especially laterally (darker posteriorly).Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey, suffused with tan dorsally, large dark brown spot along eye margin; frontal profile flat; numerous, slender dark setae on lower frons below and incorporating spots, setae short in female, elongate in male; male frons width at narrowest point slightly wider than ocellar tubercle, wider in female; ocellar tubercle black pubescent with dense patch of anteriorly directed setae; single row of black postocular setae, female with additional single setae posterior to row; occipital pubescence silver-grey with slight tan suffusion; parafacial and genal setae slender, admixed brown and white, elongate in male; antennal scape longer than to flagellum, bulbous, yellow with red-brown suffusion dorsally, setae black, few setae white ventrally near base; flagellum orange-yellow. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey with brown markings, narrow medial stripe, irregular tessellate pattern laterally, scattered short, black setae, longer and paler posteriorly, especially inPageBreak male; scutal macrosetae black; pleuron brown, overlain with grey pubescence; katatergite with admixed white and black setae; anepisternum with grey-brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with grey pubescence, setae white; mid coxa with slender setae on posterior surface; femora dark brown with grey pubescence, yellow apically, short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae, especially posteriorly, admixed with black setae on fore femur; tibiae yellow, dark brown bands apically and basally; tarsi dark brown, first and second segments yellow basally; wing dark brown fenestrate, fenestrations white, irregular dappled with more than one per cell; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour dark brown, grey pubescent laterally, without dense silver velutum on tergites, elongate pale setae, female abdomen dark brown, grey pubescent laterally, female intersegmental membrane distinctly pale on segments 2\u20133, setae uniformly short and dark; terminalia orange to dark yellow . Male genitalia. Gonocoxite with sparse pubescence; gonostylus not forked; outer gonocoxal process relatively short and rounded apically; dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath \u2018T\u2019-shaped; ventral apodeme subequal length to dorsal apodeme; hypandrium as a band joining to separate halves of separate gonocoxites.Body length= 5.0\u20135.5 mm , 5.0\u20136.0 mm . Medomega bailmeup sp. n. is known from a single collecting event in the Northern Territory and is morphologically similar to Medomega nebrias sp. n. based on the fenestrate wing markings, scutal markings and antennal shape. It can easily be differentiated from the latter by the dark spots laterally on the frons and setae on the posterior surface of the mid coxa.The species epithet is derived from the type locality of this species.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9851AA0D-0C52-4B9A-8D9B-0F2E31228AB9http://species-id.net/wiki/Medomega_chlamydosHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Kennedy Range N.P., Malaise at edge of Falls pool , 26.iv\u201310.v.2003, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker (WAM).Paratype. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: male, Mt. Augustus N.P., Malaise at Edney\u2019s Springs , 25.iv\u20137.v.2003, M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker (CAS).Wing white translucent with irregular apical brown mottling; all head and body setae white; scutum with narrow medial stripe; scape dark with silver-grey pubescence; posterior surface of mid coxa without setae; extensive appressed setae on abdomen.Head. Male frontal pubescence silver-grey, flat to slightly rounded in profile, strip of fine white setae along eye margin; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but not contiguous; male with single row of white postocular macrosetae immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle ; occipital pubescence grey, narrow triangular marking medially; genal and parafacial setae white; antennal scape PageBreakequal to flagellum in length, overlain with dense silver-grey pubescence admixed with numerous large white setae; flagellum orange-yellow, terminus dark. Thorax. Scutal pubescence silver-grey with narrow brown medial stripe and irregular tessellate markings laterally; numerous elongate white setae covering scutum, macrosetae white, setal bases dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly white; anepisternum with grey-brown marking; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae mostly white, mid coxa without setae on posterior surface; femora dark grey-brown, apices yellow, dense long white setae on anterior and posterior surfaces, hind femur with two av setae apically; tibiae yellow midway, dark grey-brown apically and basally; tarsi brown, basitarsus dark yellow basally; wing white translucent, faint mottled infuscation apically and along wing veins;scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour darkish, obscured by dense silver velutum on tergites 2\u20137, admixed with extensive, appressed, long silver-white setae; terminalia dark yellow. Male genitalia. Gonocoxite with membranous medial atrium and sparse pubescence laterally; outer gonocoxal process relatively broad and spatulate.Body length= 6.5\u20137.0 mm . Medomega chlamydos sp. n. can be distinguished by the extensive silver-white pile on the head and body, white macrosetae, wings mostly white translucent and lack of setae on the posterior surface of the mid coxa. The latter character is present in the closely related Medomega averyi sp. n. Both Medomega chlamydos sp. n. and Medomega averyi sp. n. share distinctive characteristics which suggest adaptation to a hot arid climate, including extensive white or silvery pile and white translucent wings, features found in other desert inhabiting species, which reflect rather than absorb solar radiation and presumably help regulate body temperature. The female is unknown for this species.chlamydos, mantle, cloak; referring to the extensive white pile on the body.The species epithet is from the Greek, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7FFF180F-3F9C-4604-BEE2-262274309ACEhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Medomega_danielsiHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Lake Broadwater, nr. Dalby, site A, 27\u00b021'S, 151\u00b006'E , 2.v.1987, G. & A. Daniels, mv lamp .Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 2 females, Lake Broadwater, nr. Dalby, site A, 27\u00b021'S, 151\u00b006'E , 2.v.1987, G. & A. Daniels, mv lamp,  ; male, 5 km N Leyburn, 27\u00b058'S, 151\u00b038'E , 2.ix.1993, 450m mv lamp, G. & A. Daniels, C. J. Burwell .PageBreak ocellus at narrowest point; scape yellow with sparse grey pubescence; posterior surface of mid coxa without setae; abdomen with silver velutum but without appressed setae.Wing brown infuscate with white fenestration; head and body macrosetae mostly black, coxal macrosetae white; scutum with broad medial stripe and irregular tessellate pattern laterally; parafacial setae absent; male frons wider than anteriorDescription. Body length= 6.0 mm , 6.0\u20136.5 mm . Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with dark brown markings, small brown spot medially and above antenna; frons profile flat; small patch of short, dark setae close to eye margin , or more scatter across upper frons ; male frons width at narrowest point slightly wider than anterior ocellus; male with single row of black postocular setae, additional setae irregularly arranged medially, white setae ventrally; occipital pubescence grey; parafacial setae absent, genal setae dark, relatively short, longer ventrally; antennal scape slightly shorter than flagellum, orange-yellow with sparse grey pubescence, black setae dorsally, yellow ventrally and laterally; flagellum orange-yellow. Thorax. Scutal pubescence silver-grey velutum with darker grey pattern and dark setal bases, broad dark medial stripe anteriorly, narrowed posteriorly, lateral stripes broken to tessellate, scattered short dark setae, longer and paler posteriorly; scutal macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniformly pale; anepisternum with brown marking dorsally and ventrally; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae pale, mid coxa without setae on posterior surface; femora dark brown, suffused yellow basally on mid and hind femora, yellow apically, uniform short dark setae; tibiae yellow, dark brown apically and basally; tarsi brown, yellow basally on basal segments; wing dark infuscate with white fenestration ; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2-3; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour darkish obscured by extensive silver velutum on tergites 2\u20137, vestiture mostly elongate pale setae, slightly denser laterally; terminalia brown or dark yellow, female abdominal markings with tergites dark brown dorsally, grey pubescent posterolaterally; intersegmental membrane between tergites 1\u20132, and 2\u20133 distinctly pale coloured, well defined. Male genitalia. Epandrium quadrangular, elongate; gonocoxite with sparse pubescence; gonocoxite fused medially with hypandrium; outer gonocoxal process very broad and spatulate; inner gonocoxal process shorter than outer gonocoxal process, apically bearing medially directed short dark setae; gonostylus forked, ventral arm with tuft of elongate macrosetae in a comb.This species is known southeastern Queensland, just west of the Great Dividing Range. The wing and scutal markings are distinctive, along with the elongate male genitalia with a forked gonostylus. The gonocoxites are fused medially, which appears to be a rare character in this genus.This species is named in honour of Greg Daniels, the collector of this species.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9851AA0D-0C52-4B9A-8D9B-0F2E31228AB9http://species-id.net/wiki/Medomega_gigasatheHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 57 km S Norseman, 32\u00b038'S, 121\u00b032'E , 30.xii.1985, G. & A. Daniels, mv lamp (AMS).Wing white with irregular brown fenestrate mottling; most head and body macrosetae black, coxal macrosetae admixed black and white; scutum dark yellow-tan with dark setal bases; scape yellow; posterior surface of mid coxa without setae; abdomen with silver velutum and numerous white, erect setae; male genitalia greatly enlarged.Head. Frontal pubescence tan-brown, small dark brown spot adjacent to eye margin, profile flat, small patch of very short, dark setae close to eye margin; male frons width at narrowest point narrower than anterior ocellus but eyes not contiguous; single row of black postocular setae immediately laterad of ocellar tubercle; occiput overlain with grey-tan pubescence; parafacial setae dark, genal setae dark ; proboscis elongate, extending anteriorly beyond antenna; antennal scape longer than flagellum, black setae dorsally, yellow ventrally and laterally; flagellum orange-yellow, distal portion dark. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey-tan with setal bases dark brown, scattered short dark setae, longer and paler posteriorly; scutal macrosetae dark; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite setae uniform white; anepisternum with grey-brown marking dorsally; coxae yellow, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, mixture of dark and pale setae, mid coxa without setae on posterior surface; femora dark yellow with brown suffusion, apices dark brown, uniform short dark setae; tibiae yellow, dark grey-brown apically; tarsi dark yellow with apices brown (tarsomeres 3-5 brown); wing white translucent, irregularly fenestrate; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour darkish, obscured by extensive silver velutum on tergites 2\u20137, admixed with elongate pale setae, denser laterally, terminalia dark yellow (greatly enlarged). Male genitalia. Greatly elongated with epandrium overhanging gonocoxites; gonocoxites fused anteriorly and with large media atrium posteriorly with velutum-covered membrane; gonostylus elongate and irregularly forked apically.Body length= 7.5 mm . Medomega gigasathe sp. n. is known from a single male specimen from Western Australia. The male genitalia are greatly enlarged, which along with the elongate mouthparts, wing markings and male abdominal velutum, are distinctive for this species.gigas giant + sathe penis; referring to the relatively large genitalic capsule of this species.The species epithet is derived from the Greek, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9851AA0D-0C52-4B9A-8D9B-0F2E31228AB9http://species-id.net/wiki/Medomega_nebriasHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Warrumbungle N.P., Wambelong Creek, 31\u00b019.377'S, 149\u00b001.652'E , 595m, 13.iii\u20138.iv.2008, S. L. Winterton, J. S. Bartlett, D. J. Tree, Malaise across [dry] creek bed (AMS).Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: 10 males, 5 females, Warrumbungle N.P., Wambelong Creek, 31\u00b019.377'S, 149\u00b001.652'E , 595m, 13.iii\u20138.iv.2008, S. L. Winterton, J. S. Bartlett, D. J. Tree, Malaise across [dry] creek bed Wing dark brown with white fenestration; most head and body macrosetae black, coxal macrosetae white; scutum with broad medial stripe and irregular tessellate pattern laterally; scape yellow with sparse grey pubescence; posterior surface of mid coxa without setae; abdomen with sparse, silver pubescence admixed with sparse, erect pale setae (darker posteriorly).Head. Frontal pubescence silver-grey with pale brown markings, small brown spot medially, suffuse light brown above antennae and along upper eye margin, female with additional brown quadrangle dorsally, incorporating ocellar tubercle; frontal profile flat; sparse, elongate patch of dark setae parallel to eye margin, male frons width at narrowest point slightly wider than ocellar tubercle; two rows of black postocular setae; occipital pubescence grey, narrow triangular marking medially; parafacial and genal setae dark (lighter posteriorly); antennal scape equal to flagellum length, yellow with grey pubescence, dark setae dorsally, pale ventrally and laterally; flagellum orange-yellow, darker patch dorsally, style dark. Thorax. Scutal pubescence grey with brown markings, broad medial stripe anteriorly, narrowed posteriorly, irregular tessellate pattern laterally, scattered short, black setae, longer and paler posteriorly; scutal macrosetae black; pleuron with silver-grey pubescence; katatergite with admixed white and black setae; anepisternum with grey-brown marking dorsally; coxae dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence, setae white; mid coxa without setae on posterior surface; femora dark brown with grey pubescence, yellow patch midway and apically on mid and hind femora, short dark setae admixed with longer pale setae; tibiae yellow, dark brown bands apically and basally; tarsi dark brown, first and second segments yellow basally; wing dark brown fenestrate, fenestrations white, dappled with one per cell; scutal chaetotaxy (pairs): np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 1. Abdomen. Male abdomen base colour dark brown dorsally, grey pubescent laterally, without dense silver velutum on tergites, elongate pale setae, denser laterally, female abdomen dark brown, grey pubescent laterally, female intersegmental membrane distinctly pale on segments 2\u20133, setae uniform short and dark; terminalia orange to dark yellow . Male genitalia. Epandrium quadrangular; gonocoxites separate medially without medial atrium, joined anteriorly by band-like hypandrium, extensive velutum ventrally; gonostylus not forked; outer gonocoxal process triangular; distiphallus relatively short and straight; dorsal apodeme length subequal to ventral apodeme.Body length= 6.6\u20137.5 mm , 7.0\u20138.0 mm . Medomega nebrias sp. n. is a relatively robust species known from Warrumbungle National Park in New South Wales. The wing and scutal markings suggest a close relationship with Medomega bailmeup sp. n.nebros, dappled, spotted like a fawn; referring to the wing markings.The species epithet is from the Greek,"}
{"text": "The third author's name is misspelled. The correct spelling is: Douglas E. Vaughan. The correct citation is: Penrod NM, Poku KA, Vaughan DE, Asselbergs FW, Brown NJ, et al. (2011) Epistatic Interactions in Genetic Regulation of t-PA and PAI-1 Levels in a Ghanaian Population. PLoS ONE 6(1): e16639. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016639"}
{"text": "The term \"mRNA\" is incorrectly capitalized in the article title. The correct title is: In Vivo.\"\"Myor/ABF-1 mRNA Expression Marks Follicular Helper T Cells but Is Dispensable for Tfh Cell Differentiation and Function In Vivo. PLoS ONE 8(12): e84415. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084415.The correct Citation is: Debuisson D, Mari N, Denanglaire S, Leo O, Andris F (2013) Myor/ABF-1 mRNA Expression Marks Follicular Helper T Cells but Is Dispensable for Tfh Cell Differentiation and Function"}
{"text": "The second author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Daisuke Hoshino. The correct citation is: Watanabe A, Hoshino D, Koshikawa N, Seiki M, Suzuki T, et al. (2013) Critical Role of Transient Activity of MT1-MMP for ECM Degradation in Invadopodia. PLoS Comput Biol 9(5): e1003086. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003086"}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Sophia J. Docherty. The correct citation is: Trzaskowski M, Eley TC, Davis OSP, Docherty SJ, Hanscombe KB, et al. (2013) First Genome-Wide Association Study on Anxiety-Related Behaviours in Childhood. PLoS ONE 8(4): e58676. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058676."}
{"text": "The authors are listed out of order. The correct author order and citation are:Pierrick Bedouch, Mohsen Sadatsafavi, Carlo A. Marra, J. Mark FitzGerald, Larry D. LyndBedouch P, Sadatsafavi M, Marra CA, FitzGerald JM, Lynd LD (2012) Trends in Asthma-Related Direct Medical Costs from 2002 to 2007 in British Columbia, Canada: A Population Based-Cohort Study. PLoS ONE 7(12): e50949. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050949"}
{"text": "The word \"Long\" in the title is misspelled. The correct title is: Changes in Innate and Permissive Immune Responses after HBV Transgenic Mouse Vaccination and Long-Term-siRNA Treatment. The correct citation is: Ren G-L, Huang G-Y, Zheng H, Fang Y, Ma H-H, et al. (2013) Changes in Innate and Permissive Immune Responses after HBV Transgenic Mouse Vaccination and Long-Term-siRNA Treatment. PLoS ONE 8(3): e57525. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057525"}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was listed incorrectly. The correct name is: Provvidenza M. Abruzzo. The correct citation is: Muehsam D, Lalezari P, Lekhraj R, Abruzzo PM, Bolotta A, et al. (2013) Non-Thermal Radio Frequency and Static Magnetic Fields Increase Rate of Hemoglobin Deoxygenation in a Cell-Free Preparation. PLoS ONE 8(4): e61752. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061752. The correct abbreviation in Contributions is: PMA."}
{"text": "The names of the fourth and sixth authors were spelled incorrectly. The correct names are: Elena Mazzotta and Ennio Polilli. The correct citation is: Parruti G, Vadini F, Sozio F, Mazzotta E, Ursini T, et al. (2013) Psychological Factors, Including Alexithymia, in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk in HIV Infected Patients: Results of a Cohort Study. PLoS ONE 8(1): e54555. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054555."}
{"text": "The correct title is: \"Diploid-Specific Genome Stability Genes of S. cerevisiae: Genomic Screen Reveals Haploidization as an Escape from Persisting DNA Rearrangement Stress.\"The correct citation is: Alabrudzinska M, Skoneczny M, Skoneczna A (2011) Diploid-Specific Genome Stability Genes of S. cerevisiae: Genomic Screen Reveals Haploidization as an Escape from Persisting DNA Rearrangement Stress. PLoS ONE 6(6): e21124. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021124"}
{"text": "Pritchardia are distinct lineages.Robust species delimitations are fundamental for conservation, evolutionary, and systematic studies, but they can be difficult to estimate, particularly in rapid and recent radiations. The consensus that species concepts aim to identify evolutionarily distinct lineages is clear, but the criteria used to distinguish evolutionary lineages differ based on the perceived importance of the various characteristics of evolving populations. We examined three different species-delimitation criteria  to determine whether currently recognized species of Hawaiian Data from plastid and nuclear genes, microsatellite loci, and morphological characters resulted in various levels of lineage subdivision that were likely caused by differing evolutionary rates between data sources. Additionally, taxonomic entities may be confounded because of the effects of incomplete lineage sorting and/or gene flow. A coalescent species tree was largely congruent with the simultaneous analysis, consistent with the idea that incomplete lineage sorting did not mislead our results. Furthermore, gene flow among populations of sympatric lineages likely explains the admixture and lack of resolution between those groups.Pritchardia species remains difficult but the ability to understand the influence of the evolutionary processes of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization allow for mechanisms driving species diversity to be inferred. These processes likely extend to speciation in other Hawaiian angiosperm groups and the biota in general and must be explicitly accounted for in species delimitation.Delimiting Hawaiian  Species are a fundamental unit in biological studies and their robust delimitation is essential to many fields of evolutionary biology, particularly systematics, biogeography, and conservation biology. Lineage separation and divergence form a temporal process that may render populations monophyletic, reproductively isolated, ecologically divergent, and/or morphologically distinctive. These properties serve as operational criteria for systematists to delimit species and they can occur at different times or orders during speciation. De Queiroz ,2 proposHylaeus bee . Pritchardia thurstonii was well supported (81% JK) as the sister species to the Hawaiian clade, which was strongly supported (97% JK) as a monophyletic group. Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii and P. remota were strongly supported as sister species (98% JK), consistent with their synonymy. Pritchardia affinis and P. maideniana were well supported (89% JK) as sister taxa, also consistent with recent synonymy, and P. hillebrandii was weakly supported (54% JK) as its sister species. Pritchardia hardyi and P. viscosa were also weakly supported (53% JK) as sister species.The 35 P. affinis into P. maideniana, P. aylmer-robinsonii into P. remota, and P. limahuliensis into P. napaliensis  and in the Ko'olau Mountains of O'ahu where three species are sympatric . Genetic subdivision and little admixture between species were detected among P. affinis, P. aylmer-robinsonii, P. beccariana, P. forbesiana, P. hardyi, P. lowreyana, P. munroi, and P. schattaueri and these eight groups meet the necessary criterion for species delimitation according to the GSC of high probability of assignment to their respective genetic groups (> 0.8 membership coefficient). However, the individual Q matrix of assignment to groups shows that P. beccariana, P. forbesiana, and P. lowreyana do not represent distinct evolutionary lineages according to the GSC because they do not group as unique clusters; with other individuals in the Q matrix having > 0.8 PP of falling within those groups. Although the 0.8 cut-off is arbitrarily defined, the maximum values from the Q matrices show a discontinuous distribution where individuals have a membership coefficient of > 0.8, while the remaining have < 0.5 with few in between. Therefore, based on our data, only P. affinis, P. aylmer-robinsonii, P. hardyi, P. munroi, and P. schattaueri meet the necessary and sufficient criteria as distinct evolutionary lineages without intermediates according to the GSC  analysis of the A1 matrix revealed support for P. affinis, P. glabrata, P. kaalae, P. perlmanii and P. remota as clades . A Bayed Figure , particuPritchardia. Furthermore, PAA can be highly sensitive where incomplete sampling of characters, individuals within populations, or populations can each lead to incorrect assessment of species . Anoth; 7.3 Ma ,15,47) atem ages ), an avePritchardia lineages from geographic regions of sympatry of Kaua'i  and O'ahu . Removing wildcard terminals through the use of Adams consensus trees may be biased towards deletion of hybrids given that they are expected to be resolved as basal lineages [P. perlmanii individuals and plastid trnD-trnT amongst P. hardyi individuals). Although widespread hybridization has been observed in cultivation [Pritchardia [We also suggest that hybridization has played a key role in the diversification of Hawaiian lineages  and our tivation ,75, it htchardia ,32.Metrosideros [Pittosporum [Pritchardia species in coastal settlements and although they had a variety of ethnobotanical uses (reviewed in [The ability to hybridize is common among island species (e.g. ) and hasosideros ,70, Pitttosporum ,23, and tosporum ). Outsidiewed in ), the leiewed in  may alsoPritchardia palms, methods that allow for simultaneously capturing vertical and horizontal inheritance of genetic information are needed, but are not yet available . -64. 62-6ailable  and four nuclear loci  were generated ([JF904936 to JF905438 (Appendix A).Total genomic DNA was extracted from silica-gel dried leaves following Alexander et al. . Sequencnerated  and three other Coryphoideae  were sampled as outgroups. The initial simultaneous analysis included 105 terminals.Two phylogenetic analyses were conducted within dangered . Based odangered  two specPreliminary nucleotide alignments were obtained independently for each of the seven loci using default parameters in MUSCLE v3.6  and manuPritchardia species. Nine discrete morphological characters of flower and fruit morphology were measured from specimens at BISH, NY, PTBG, and US and ten morphological characters were derived from species descriptions  were omitted from the A2 matrix following the iterative procedure outlined above. The two simultaneous analyses  were performed and the trees subsequently examined to determine the degree of support for monophyletic species  and for inferring robust inter-specific relationships due to decreased missing data and the use of all available characters (A2).A2 incorporated the A1, morphological, and isozyme data and was reduced to 35 composite terminals representing all putative iptions .The coalescent species tree was inferred using *BEAST in BEAST v1.6.1 ,103. *BEPritchardia species, five microsatellite markers [K populations. The admixture model was implemented with correlated allele frequencies and without the use of a priori information from populations of origin. Simulations included 10 iterations for each K value from K = 1 to 30, with a 100,000-generation burn-in and 100,000 chain length. The most probable number of genetically homogeneous groups (K) was determined by the \u0394K statistical procedure [To test for the presence of intermediates between Hawaiian  markers  were amp markers . GenoDiv markers  was used markers  was used markers ) was userocedure  as implerocedure . Multimorocedure ; the resrocedure .Mutually exclusive character states were used to test if gene flow had ceased between the sampled populations . To examCDB, MPS, and WLW designed the study; CDB and MJM generated the data; CDB, MPS, and WLW analyzed the data and wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.List of taxa sampled with taxonomic authorities, voucher information, and GenBank accession numbers for new sequences generated for this study. Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden and National Tropical Botanic Garden are abbreviated as FTBG and NTBG respectively.Pritchardia affinis Becc.- C. Gemmil 83 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1850, Hawai'i; CISP4 JF904936, CISP5 JF905062, matK JF905351, ndhF JF905121, RPB2 JF905197, trnDT JF905269. P. affinis Becc.- S. Perlman 13745 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1851, Hawai'i; CISP4 JF904937, CISP5 JF905023, matK JF905352, ndhF JF905122, RPB2 JF905198, trnDT JF905270. P. arecina Becc.- K. Wood 7991 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1853, Maui; CISP4 JF904938, matK JF905353, ndhF JF905123, RPB2 JF905199, trnDT JF905271. P. arecina Becc.-Baker 1183 (K), Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew DNA Bank 15960, Maui; CISP4 JF904939, CISP5 JF905024, matK JF905354, ndhF JF905124, RPB2 JF905200, trnDT JF905272. P. aylmer-robinsonii H.St.John- FTBG Live Collection 85184C, FTBG DNA Bank 14, Ni'ihau; CISP4 JF904940, CISP5 JF905025, matK JF905355, ndhF JF905125, RPB2 JF905201, trnDT JF905273. P. aylmer-robinsonii H.St.John-NTBG Live Collection, Ni'ihau; CISP4 JF904941, CISP5 JF905026, matK JF905356, ndhF JF905126, RPB2 JF905202, trnDT JF905274. P. bakeri Hodel-Bacon Pupukea1 SN, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904942, RPB2 JF905203. P. bakeri Hodel-Bacon Pupukea2 SN, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904943, CISP5 JF905027, RPB2 JF905204. P. bakeri Hodel-Bacon Pupukea3 SN, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904944. P. bakeri Hodel-Bacon Pupukea4 SN, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904945. P. bakeri Hodel-Bacon Kuliouou3 SN, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904989, matK JF905402, MS JF905094, ndhF JF905164, trnDT JF905316. P. bakeri Hodel-Bacon Kuliouou5 SN, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904990, matK JF905403, MS JF905095, ndhF JF905165, trnDT JF905317. P. bakeri Hodel-Bacon Kuliouou8 SN, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904991, matK JF905404, MS JF905096, ndhF JF905166, RPB2 JF905244, trnDT JF905318. P. beccariana Rock- J. Horn 4953 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1863, Hawai'i; CISP4 JF904946, CISP5 JF905063, matK JF905357, ndhF JF905127, RPB2 JF905205, trnDT JF905275. P. beccariana Rock-Wood 8911 (PTBG), Hawai'i; CISP4 JF904947, CISP5 JF905028, matK JF905358, RPB2 JF905206, trnDT JF905276. P. elliptica Rock & Caum-cultivated 320 Mahana St. Lana'i City, Lana'i; CISP4 JF904948, matK JF905361. P. elliptica Rock & Caum-cultivated 452 Lana'i St. Lana'i City, Lana'i; CISP4 JF904949, CISP5 JF905029, matK JF905362, ndhF JF905128, RPB2 JF905207, trnDT JF905277. P. elliptica Rock & Caum-cultivated 712 Puulani St. Lana'i City, Lana'i; CISP4 JF904950. P. elliptica Rock & Caum-Oppenheimer SN1, Kunoa Valley, Lana'i; CISP4 JF904951, CISP5 JF905030, matK JF905363, ndhF JF905129, RPB2 JF905208, trnDT JF905278. P. elliptica Rock & Caum-Oppenheimer SN6, Kunoa Valley, Lana'i; CISP5 JF905031, matK JF905359, ndhF JF905130, trnDT JF905279. P. elliptica Rock & Caum-Oppenheimer SN7, Kunoa Valley, Lana'i; CISP4 JF904952, CISP5 JF905032, matK JF905364, ndhF JF905131, trnDT JF905280. P. elliptica Rock & Caum-Oppenheimer SN8, Kunoa Valley, Lana'i; CISP4 JF904953, CISP5 JF905033, matK JF905360, RPB2 JF905209. P. flynnii Lorence & Gemmill-Wood 12718B (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904954, matK JF905366, MS JF905087, RPB2 JF905210. P. flynnii Lorence & Gemmill-Wood 12718C (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904955, matK JF905365. P. flynnii Lorence & Gemmill-NTBG Live Collection, Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904956, CISP5 JF905034, matK JF905367, ndhF JF905132, RPB2 JF905211, trnDT JF905281. P. flynnii Lorence & Gemmill-Tangalin 1476 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904957, matK JF905368, MS JF905097, RPB2 JF905212, trnDT JF905282. P. flynnii Lorence & Gemmill-Tangalin 1478 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904958, CISP5 JF905035, matK JF905369, ndhF JF905133, RPB2 JF905213, trnDT JF905283. P. flynnii Lorence & Gemmill-Tangalin 1480 (PTBG), Kaua'i; trnDT JF905284. P. forbesiana Rock- J. Horn 4948 (FTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1798, Maui; matK JF905370, ndhF JF905134, RPB2 JF905214, trnDT JF905285. P. forbesiana Rock-NTBG Live Collection, Maui; CISP4 JF904959, CISP5 JF905036, matK JF905371, ndhF JF905135, RPB2 JF905215, trnDT JF905286. P. glabrata Becc. & Rock-FTBG DNA Bank 824, Maui; CISP4 JF904960, CISP5 JF905037, matK JF905372, ndhF JF905136, RPB2 JF905216. P. glabrata Becc. & Rock-Oppenheimer SN1, Maui; CISP4 JF904961, CISP5 JF905038, matK JF905373, RPB2 JF905217, trnDT JF905287. P. glabrata Becc. & Rock-Oppenheimer SN4, Maui; CISP4 JF904962, CISP5 JF905039, matK JF905374, MS JF905098, ndhF JF905137, RPB2 JF905218, trnDT JF905288. P. glabrata Becc. & Rock-Oppenheimer SN5, Maui; CISP4 JF904963, CISP5 JF905040, matK JF905375, MS JF905099, ndhF JF905138, RPB2 JF905219, trnDT JF905289. P glabrata Becc. & Rock-Oppenheimer SN6, Maui; CISP4 JF904964, matK JF905376, ndhF JF905139, RPB2 JF905220, trnDT JF905290. P. hardyi Rock-Trauernicht 428 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904965, matK JF905377, RPB2 JF905221, trnDT JF905291. P. hardyi Rock-Trauernicht 429 (PTBG), Kaua'i; matK JF905378, ndhF JF905140. P. hardyi Rock-Trauernicht 430 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904966, matK JF905379, ndhF JF905141. P. hardyi Rock- J. Horn 4938 (PTBG), Kaua'i, FTBG DNA Bank 1848; CISP4 JF904967, CISP5 JF905064, matK JF905380, MS JF905088, ndhF JF905142, RPB2 JF905222, trnDT JF905292. P. hardyi Rock-J. Horn 4951 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1858, Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904968, CISP5 JF905065, matK JF905381, MS JF905089, ndhF JF905143, RPB2 JF905223, trnDT JF905293. P. hardyi Rock-Tangalin 1705 (PTBG), Kaua'i; trnDT JF905294. P. hillebrandii Becc.-FTBG Live Collection 2000301A, FTBG DNA Bank 646, Moloka'i; CISP4 JF904969, CISP5 JF905041, matK JF905382, ndhF JF905144, RPB2 JF905224, trnDT JF905295. P. hillebrandii Becc.-S. Zona 1006 (FTG), FTBG DNA Bank 834, Moloka'i; CISP4 JF904970, CISP5 JF905042, matK JF905383, ndhF JF905145, RPB2 JF905225, trnDT JF905296. P. kaalae Rock-S. Zona 1008 (FTG), FTBG DNA Bank 835, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904973, CISP5 JF905043, matK JF905386, ndhF JF905148, RPB2 JF905228, trnDT JF905299. P. kaalae Rock-K. Wood 300 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1833, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904971, CISP5 JF905066, matK JF905384, ndhF JF905146, RPB2 JF905226, trnDT JF905297. P. kaalae Rock-S. Perlman 16710 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1847, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904972, CISP5 JF905067, matK JF905385, ndhF JF905147, RPB2 JF905227, trnDT JF905298. P. kahukuensis Caum-Kawelo SN (BISH), O'ahu; CISP4 JF904974, CISP5 JF905044, matK JF905387, ndhF JF905149, RPB2 JF905229, trnDT JF905300. P. lanaiensis Becc. & Rock-Bacon 88, Lana'i; CISP4 JF904975, CISP5 JF905045, matK JF905388, ndhF JF905150, RPB2 JF905230, trnDT JF905301. P. lanaiensis Becc. & Rock-Bacon 126, Lana'i; CISP4 JF904976, CISP5 JF905068, matK JF905389, ndhF JF905151, RPB2 JF905231, trnDT JF905302. P. lanaiensis Becc. & Rock-S. Perlman 16385 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1845, Lana'i; CISP4 JF904977, CISP5 JF905069, matK JF905390, MS JF905100, ndhF JF905152, RPB2 JF905232, trnDT JF905303. P. lanaiensis Becc. & Rock-Perlman 19968 (PTBG), Lana'i; CISP4 JF904978, CISP5 JF905046, matK JF905391, ndhF JF905153, RPB2 JF905233, trnDT JF905304. P. lanigera Becc.-K. Wood 7611 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1846, Hawai'i; CISP4 JF904979, CISP5 JF905070, matK JF905392, MS JF905101, ndhF JF905154, RPB2 JF905234, trnDT JF905305. P. limahuliensis H.St.John- J. Horn 4947 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1831, Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904980, matK JF905393, MS JF905102, ndhF JF905155, RPB2 JF905236, trnDT JF905307. P. limahuliensis H.St.John-NTBG Live Collection, Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904981, CISP5 JF905071, matK JF905394, MS JF905103, ndhF JF905156, RPB2 JF905235, trnDT JF905308. P. lowreyana Rock ex Becc.- J. Horn 4943 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1794, Moloka'i; CISP4 JF904982, CISP5 JF905072, matK JF905395, ndhF JF905157, RPB2 JF905237, trnDT JF905309. P. lowreyana Rock ex Becc.-Wood 9236 (PTBG), Moloka'i; CISP4 JF904983, CISP5 JF905047, matK JF905396, ndhF JF905158, RPB2 JF905238, trnDT JF905310. P. martii (Gaudich.) H.Wendl.- Bakutis Waianae SN1, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904984, CISP5 JF905048, matK JF905397, ndhF JF905159, RPB2 JF905239, trnDT JF905311. P. martii (Gaudich.) H.Wendl.- Bakutis Waianae SN2, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904985, CISP5 JF905049, matK JF905398, MS JF905090, ndhF JF905160, RPB2 JF905240, trnDT JF905312. P. martii (Gaudich.) H.Wendl.- Bacon Waiava1, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904988, CISP5 JF905052, matK JF905401, ndhF JF905163, RPB2 JF905243, trnDT JF905315. P. martii (Gaudich.) H.Wendl.- Bacon Waiava7, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904986, CISP5 JF905050, matK JF905399, MS JF905104, ndhF JF905161, RPB2 JF905241, trnDT JF905313. P. martii (Gaudich.) H.Wendl.- Bacon Waiava15, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904987, CISP5 JF905051, matK JF905400, ndhF JF905162, RPB2 JF905242, trnDT JF905314. P. martii (Gaudich.) H.Wendl.- J. Horn 4937 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1855, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904992, CISP5 JF905073, matK JF905405, ndhF JF905167, RPB2 JF905245, trnDT JF905319. P. martii (Gaudich.) H.Wendl.- J. Horn 4954 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1859, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904993, CISP5 JF905074, matK JF905406, ndhF JF905168, RPB2 JF905246, trnDT JF905320. P. martii (Gaudich.) H.Wendl.-NTBG live collection, O'ahu; CISP4 JF904994, CISP5 JF905053, matK JF905406, ndhF JF905169. P. minor Becc.-Trauernicht 432 (PTBG), Kaua'i; matK JF905408. P. minor Becc.-Trauernicht 434 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904995, matK JF905409, ndhF JF905170. P. minor Becc.-Trauernicht 435 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904996, matK JF905410, MS JF905105, ndhF JF905171, trnDT JF905321. P. minor Becc.-J. Horn 4946 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1797, Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904997, CISP5 JF905075, matK JF905411, ndhF JF905172, RPB2 JF905247, trnDT JF905322. P. minor Becc.- S. Zona 1033 (FTG), FTBG DNA Bank 845, Kaua'i; CISP4 JF904998, CISP5 JF905054, matK JF905412, ndhF JF905173, RPB2 JF905248, trnDT JF905323. P. minor Becc.- -Tangalin 1708 (PTBG), Kaua'i; trnDT JF905324. P. mitiaroana J.Drans. & Y.Ehrh.- S. Perlman 19346 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1857, Cook Islands; CISP4 JF904999, CISP5 JF905076, matK JF905413, MS JF905091, ndhF JF905174, RPB2 JF905249, trnDT JF905325. P. mitiaroana J.Drans. & Y.Ehrh.-Perlman 19346 (PTBG), Cook Islands; CISP4 JF905000. P. cf. mitiaroana J.Drans. & Y.Ehrh.-Meyer SN 'pericularum', French Polynesia; CISP4 JF905006, CISP5 JF905057, matK JF905419, MS JF905108, ndhF JF905181, RPB2 JF905254, trnDT JF905332. P. cf. mitiaroana J.Drans. & Y.Ehrh.-Meyer SN 'vuylstekeana', French Polynesia; CISP4 JF905019, CISP5 JF905085, matK JF905434, MS JF905118, ndhF JF905193, RPB2 JF905265, trnDT JF905346. P. munroi Rock- J. Horn 4942 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1832, Moloka'i; CISP4 JF905001, CISP5 JF905077, matK JF905414, ndhF JF905175, RPB2 JF905250, trnDT JF905326. P. munroi Rock- S. Zona 1036 (FTG), FTBG DNA Bank 841, Moloka'i; CISP4 JF905002, CISP5 JF905055, matK JF905415, ndhF JF905176, RPB2 JF905251, trnDT JF905327. P. napaliensis H.St.John- S. Perlman 11297 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1860, Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905003, CISP5 JF905078, matK JF905416, MS JF905106, ndhF JF905177, RPB2 JF905268, trnDT JF905328. P. napaliensis H.St.John-Wood 9087 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905004, CISP5 JF905056, matK JF905417, MS JF905092, ndhF JF905178, trnDT JF905329. P. pacifica Seem. & H.Wendl.- FTBG Live Collection 93691D, FTBG DNA Bank 18, Fiji; CISP4 JF905005, CISP5 JF905079, ndhF JF905179, RPB2 JF905252, trnDT JF905330. P. pacifica Seem. & H.Wendl.-J. Horn 4952 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1861, Fiji; CISP5 JF905080, matK JF905418, MS JF905107, ndhF JF905180, RPB2 JF905253, trnDT JF905331. P. perlmanii Gemmill-Wood 7331 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905007, matK JF905421, MS JF905109, ndhF JF905183, trnDT JF905333. P. perlmanii Gemmill-Wood 8091 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905008, CISP5 JF905058, matK JF905422, MS JF905110, ndhF JF905184, RPB2 JF905255, trnDT JF905334. P. perlmanii Gemmill-NTBG Live Collection, Kaua'i; matK JF905420, MS JF905111, ndhF JF905182, trnDT JF905335. P. remota (Kuntze) Becc.- J. Horn 4955 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1844, Nihoa; CISP4 JF905009, CISP5 JF905081, matK JF905423, ndhF JF905185, RPB2 JF905256, trnDT JF905336. P. remota (Kuntze) Becc.-J. Horn 4936 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1865, Nihoa; CISP4 JF905010, CISP5 JF905082, matK JF905424, ndhF JF905186, RPB2 JF905257, trnDT JF905337. P. remota (Kuntze) Becc.-Montgomery Botanical Center Live Collection 29, Nihoa; CISP4 JF905011, matK JF905425, MS JF905112, RPB2 JF905258, trnDT JF905338. P. schattaueri Hodel-J. Horn 4939 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1843, Hawai'i; CISP4 JF905012, CISP5 JF905083, matK JF905426, MS JF905113, ndhF JF905187, RPB2 JF905259, trnDT JF905339. P. schattaueri Hodel- S. Zona 1001 (FTG), FTBG DNA Bank 839, Hawai'i; CISP4 JF905013, CISP5 JF905059, matK JF905427, MS JF905114, ndhF JF905188, RPB2 JF905260, trnDT JF905340. P. thurstonii F.Muell. & Drude-NTBG Live Collection, Fiji; CISP4 JF905014, CISP5 JF905060, matK JF905428, MS JF905115, ndhF JF905189, RPB2 JF905261, trnDT JF905341. P. viscosa Rock- J. Horn 4943 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1795, Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905015, CISP5 JF905084, matK JF905429, ndhF JF905190, RPB2 JF905262, trnDT JF905342. matK JF905430, ndhF JF905191. P. viscosa Rock-Tangalin 1693 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905016, matK JF905431, MS JF905116, RPB2 JF905263, trnDT JF905343. P. viscosa Rock-Tangalin 1694 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905017, matK JF905432, MS JF905117, RPB2 JF905264, trnDT JF905344. P. viscosa Rock-Perlman 16679A (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905018, matK JF905433, MS JF905093, ndhF JF905192, trnDT JF905345. P. waialealeana Read-Trauernicht 423 (PTBG), Kaua'i; matK JF905436, trnDT JF905347. P. waialealeana Read-Lorence 8446 (PTBG), Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905021, matK JF905435, ndhF JF905194, trnDT JF905348. P. waialealeana Read- J. Horn 4950 (PTBG), FTBG DNA Bank 1863, Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905020, CISP5 JF905086, matK JF905437, MS JF905119, ndhF JF905195, RPB2 JF905266, trnDT JF905349. P. waialealeana Read-NTBG Live Collection, Kaua'i; CISP4 JF905022, CISP5 JF905061, matK JF905438, MS JF905120, ndhF JF905196, RPB2 JF905267, trnDT JF905350.Figure S1. Parsimony strict consensus trees of all the sequence data summarized to show only the inter-generic relationships and Pritchardia from different island chains. Parsimony jackknife support values above, and likelihood bootstrap values below each branch of each gene individually, the plastid partition, and the simultaneous analysis.Click here for fileTable S1. Mutually exclusive character states were used to test if gene flow had ceased between the sampled populations using population aggregation analysis for each of the three datasets listed in columns with spaces between each of the independent lineages. In the sequence dataset, terminals with missing data for diagnostic characters were arbitrarily assigned to a single group rather than collapsing the otherwise diagnosable groups and are indicated with *.Click here for fileFigure S2. Parsimony simultaneous analysis and strict consensus tree of all the 105 terminals sampled for nucleotide data with parsimony jackknife values shown.Click here for fileFigure S3. The individual nuclear gene trees estimated for Pritchardia species delimitation as shown in the parsimony strict consensus with parsimony jackknife values above and likelihood bootstrap values below each branch.Click here for fileFigure S4. The individual plastid gene trees and the plastid simultaneous-analysis estimated for Pritchardia species delimitation with jackknife branch support values above and bootstrap values below each branch.Click here for file"}
{"text": "There was an error in reference 18. The correct reference 18 is: Ratinier M, Boulant C, Combet C, Targett-Addams P, McLauchlan J and Lavergne JP. (2008) Transcriptional slippage prompts recoding in alternate reading frames in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core sequence from strain HCV-1. J Gen Virol, 89: p. 1569-78."}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Maria Patrizia Carrieri. The correct citation is: Ndziessi G, Cohen J, Kouanfack C, Marcellin F, Carrieri MP, et al. (2013) Susceptibility to Transmitting HIV in Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural District Hospitals in Cameroon . PLoS ONE 8(4): e62611. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062611."}
{"text": "The order of the authors is incorrect in the byline. The correct author order is: Alexandra Alvergne, Eshetu Gurmu, Mhairi A. Gibson, Ruth MaceThe corrected citation is: Alvergne A, Gurmu E, Gibson MA, Mace R (2011) Social Transmission and the Spread of Modern Contraception in Rural Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 6(7): e22515. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022515"}
{"text": "The following reference was erroneously omitted from the published manuscript:Hemert J, Hong L, Wise RP, Dickerson JA. PLEXdb: gene expression resources for plants and plant pathogens. Nucleic Acids Res. 40(D1):D1194-D1201)"}
{"text": "There was an error in the citation. The correct citation is available below.Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Transcriptome. PLoS ONE 8(8): e72516. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072516 Ghangal R, Chaudhary S, Jain M, Purty RS, Sharma PC (2013) Optimization of De Novo Short Read Assembly of Seabuckthorn ("}
{"text": "AbstractHyleoglomeris are described from Greece: Hyleoglomerissubreducta sp.n., from Chios Island, Hyleoglomeristranslucida sp.n., from Rhodes Island, and Hyleoglomerisinsularis sp.n., from Kalymnos Island, all in the Aegean Sea.Three new cavernicolous species of  Glomerida is long known to show two main centres of generic and species diversification, one in the Mediterranean, the other in the Oriental realm  in the Southeast  in the former genus , in possessing a less strongly reduced male leg-pair 17, and usually in having no caudal tubercle at the base of the tibial outgrowth of the telopod , from a cave near Ioannina, Epirus . All samples had been taken by Petar Beron (NMNHS), an outstanding collector and researcher. Most of the types have been returned to the NMNHS collection, with only a few paratypes retained for the collection of the Zoological Museum, State University of Moscow, Russia (ZMUM), as indicated below.Golovatch, 2013sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:66006F7F-BDDD-417E-92DF-34B896F75A5BType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Beron; sex: 1 male; Location: island: Chios; country: Greece; verbatimLocality: village Haghios Galos , 65 km from town of Chios, Cave Hagiogalousaina; Event: eventDate: 1987-05-12; Record Level: institutionCode: NMNHSType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Beron; sex: 1 male, 3 female, 3 juveniles; Location: island: Chios; country: Greece; verbatimLocality: village Haghios Galos , 65 km from town of Chios, Cave Hagiogalousaina; Event: eventDate: 1987-05-12; Record Level: institutionCode: NMNHSType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Beron; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Location: island: Chios; country: Greece; verbatimLocality: village Haghios Galos , 65 km from town of Chios, Cave Hagiogalousaina; Event: eventDate: 1987-05-12; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUMLength of holotype ca 5.5 mm, width (maximum on tergum 2) ca 2.5 mm; length of paratypes ca 5.0-6.0 mm, width on tergum 2 ca 2.1-3.0 mm, or males and females, respectively. Body from nearly entirely pallid  to coloration remnants persisting on head and terga Fig. 1, c. Head111111222Differs from congeners in a partly to completely unpigmented body, coupled with sometimes still persisting remnants of a peculiar colour pattern, a rather long antennomere 6 which is ca 2.0\u20132.1 times as long as high, as well as by a narrow hyposchism which only reaches the caudal margin of tergum 2, and 7-8 transverse striae of which three cross the dorsum on tergum 2. Differs clearly from all known Greek congeners, including two new ones described below, also by a 4-segmented male telopodite 17   .Golovatch, 2013sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:85DE9877-212A-4767-87B8-90D145E27B25Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Beron; sex: 1 male; Location: island: Rhodes; country: Greece; verbatimLocality: village Archangelos, Cave Coumellos; Event: eventDate: 1987-05-02; Record Level: institutionCode: NMNHSType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Beron; sex: 2 males, 6 females, 2 juveniles; Location: island: Rhodes; country: Greece; verbatimLocality: village Archangelos, Cave Coumellos; Event: eventDate: 1987-05-02; Record Level: institutionCode: NMNHSType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Beron; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Location: island: Rhodes; country: Greece; verbatimLocality: village Archangelos, Cave Coumellos; Event: eventDate: 1987-05-02; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUMLength of holotype ca 4.1 mm, width (maximum on tergum 2) ca 1.8 mm; length of paratypes ca 4.0-4.3 mm, width on tergum 2 ca 1.8-2.0 mm, or 4.3-5.0 and 2.0-2.6 mm in males and females, respectively. Body entirely pallid  crossing the dorsum. Male anal shield regularly rounded at caudal margin.Male leg 17 Fig. a with a Male leg 18 Fig. b with a Telopods Fig. c, d withDiffers from congeners in a completely unpigmented body, coupled with a rather long antennomere 6 which is ca 2.1\u20132.2 times as long as high, as well as by a narrow hyposchism which only reaches the caudal margin of tergum 2, 6-7 transverse striae of which only 1-2 cross the dorsum on tergum 2, a 3-segmented male telopodite 17, and a caudally slightly setose distomesal process of the telopod femur.To emphasize the fully unpigmented, translucid body. An adjective.Due to such a clearly troglomorphic feature as the completely unpigmented body, this species may prove to be a troglobite.Golovatch, 2013sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:87F46896-93D4-49A2-A857-C06F44A8910AType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Beron; sex: 1 male; Location: island: K\u00e1limnos; country: Greece; verbatimLocality: village Scalia, Cave Scalia; Event: eventDate: 1987-05-04; Record Level: institutionCode: NMNHSType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Beron; sex: 2 males, 2 females; Location: island: K\u00e1limnos; country: Greece; verbatimLocality: village Scalia, Cave Scalia; Event: eventDate: 1987-05-04; Record Level: institutionCode: NMNHSType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: P. Beron; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Location: island: K\u00e1limnos; country: Greece; verbatimLocality: village Scalia, Cave Scalia; Event: eventDate: 1987-05-04; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUMLength of holotype ca 6.0 mm, width (maximum on tergum 2) ca 3.0 mm; length of paratypes ca 6.0-6.2 mm, width on tergum 2 ca 3.0-3.1 mm, or 6.2-7.5 and 3.2-3.4 mm in males and females, respectively. Body nearly entirely pallid Fig. 5.Ocelli 6+1 or perhaps 7+1, convex, completely translucid, but mostly clearly discernible due to an infuscated nearby background Fig. b. T\u00f6m\u00f6svCollum with two transverse striae. Tergum 2 with a rather broad hyposchism extending considerably behind caudal tergal margin Fig. a; 4-5 suMale leg 17 Fig. a with a Male leg 18 Fig. b with a Telopods Fig. c with a Differs from congeners in a partly unpigmented body with only the head retaining some pigment, coupled with a long antennomere 6 which is ca 2.3\u20132.4 times as long as high, as well as by a rather broad hyposchism produced considerably behind the caudal margin of tergum 2, and only 4-5 transverse striae, of which three cross the dorsum on tergum 2.To emphasize the provenance from an island. An adjective.Cordioniscuskalimnosi Andreev, 1997   ."}
{"text": "The names of multiple authors were incorrectly expressed in the Citation. The correct Citation is: Gon\u00e7alves CFL, Santos MCS, Ginabreda MG, Fortunato RS, Carvalho DP, et al. (2013) Flavonoid Rutin Increases Thyroid Iodide Uptake in Rats. PLoS ONE 8(9): e73908. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073908"}
{"text": "The name of the second author should be: Alan Yueh-Luen LeeThe correct citation is: Wang S-Y, Lee AY-L, Lai Y-H, Chen JJW, Wu W-L, et al. (2012) Spermine Attenuates the Action of the DNA Intercalator, Actinomycin D, on DNA Binding and the Inhibition of Transcription and DNA Replication. PLoS ONE 7(11): e47101. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047101"}
{"text": "International Journal of Molecular Science has instituted an annual award to recognize outstanding papers in the area of chemistry, molecular physics and molecular biology that meet the aims, scope and high standards of this journal [Since 2012, International Journal of Molecular Science Best Paper Award\u201d for 2013. Nominations were made by the Section Editor-in-Chiefs of International Journal of Molecular Science, with all papers published in 2009 eligible for consideration. The awards are issued for reviews and articles separately. We are pleased to announce that the following five papers were awarded:We are pleased to announce the second \u201cFirst PrizeGerard Giraud, Holger Schulze, Till T. Bachmann, Colin J. Campbell, Andrew R. Mount, Peter Ghazal, Mizanur R. Khondoker, Alan J. Ross, Stuart W.J. Ember, Ilenia Ciani, Chaker Tlili, Anthony J. Walton, Jonathan G. Terry and Jason CrainFluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Quantum Dot Labeled DNA MicroarraysInt. J. Mol. Sci.2009, 10, 1930-1941; doi:10.3390/ijms10041930http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/4/1930Available online: Second PrizeJohannes Ranke, Alaa Othman, Ping Fan and Anja M\u00fcllerExplaining Ionic Liquid Water Solubility in Terms of Cation and Anion HydrophobicityInt. J. Mol. Sci.2009, 10, 1271-1289; doi:10.3390/ijms10031271http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/3/1271Available online: Third PrizeSenthil Chinnasamy, Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan, Ashish Bhatnagar and Keshav C. DasBiomass Production Potential of a Wastewater Alga Chlorella vulgaris ARC 1 under Elevated Levels of CO2 and TemperatureInt. J. Mol. Sci.2009, 10, 518-532; doi:10.3390/ijms10020518http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/2/518Available online: First PrizeRonald D. Hills Jr. and Charles L. Brooks IIIInsights from Coarse-Grained G\u014d Models for Protein Folding and DynamicsInt. J. Mol. Sci.2009, 10, 889-905; doi:10.3390/ijms10030889http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/3/889Available online: Second PrizeAnna Br\u00fcckner, C\u00e9cile Polge, Nicolas Lentze, Daniel Auerbach and Uwe SchlattnerYeast Two-Hybrid, a Powerful Tool for Systems BiologyInt. J. Mol. Sci.2009, 10, 2763-2788; doi:10.3390/ijms10062763http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/10/6/2763Available online: International Journal of Molecular Science and the scientific research field. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of International Journal of Molecular Science, we would like to congratulate these five teams for their excellent work. In recognition of their accomplishment, Dr. Gerard Giraud, Dr. Johannes Ranke and Dr. Senthil Chinnasamy will receive prizes of 1000 CHF, 800 CHF, and CHF 500, respectively, and the privilege of publishing an additional paper free of charge in Open Access format in the International Journal of Molecular Science, after the usual peer-review procedure. Dr. Charles L. Brooks III and Dr. Anna Br\u00fcckner will receive the privilege of publishing an additional research article free of charge in open access format in the International Journal of Molecular Science, after the usual peer-review procedure.We believe that these five exceptional papers are valuable contributions to the Prize Awarding CommitteeEditor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Material Sciences and Nanotechnology\u2019Prof. Dr. Andreas TaubertInstitute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Building 26, Rm. 2.64, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germanyataubert@uni-potsdam.deE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Bioactives and Nutraceuticals\u2019Prof. Dr. Charles BrennanDepartment of Food and Tourism Management, Manchester Metropolitan University, Hollings Faculty, Old Hall Lane, Manchester, M14 6HR, UKcharlesbrennan1@yahoo.co.ukE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Molecular Pathology\u2019Prof. Dr. Kurt A. JellingerInstitute of Clinical Neurobiology, Kenyongasse 18, A-1070 Vienna, Austriakurt.jellinger@univie.ac.atE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics\u2019Prof. Dr. Mark L. RichterMolecular Biosciences, Haworth Hall, Room 4031, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USArichter@ku.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Molecular Diagnostics\u2019Prof. Dr. Stephen A. Bustinstephen.bustin@anglia.ac.ukCentre for Academic Surgery, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 3rd Floor, Alexandra Wing, Royal London Hospital, London E1 1BB, UK E-Mail:"}
{"text": "The first author's name contains an error in the citation. The correct citation is: Truong HM, Kellogg TA, McFarland W, Louie B, Klausner JD, et al. (2011) Sentinel Surveillance of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance, Acute Infection and Recent Infection. PLoS ONE 6(10): e25281. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025281"}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Nabeel Bardeesy.The correct citation is: Wang Z, Feng Y, Bardeesy N, Wong K-K, Liu X-Y, et al. (2012) Temporal Dissection of K-rasG12D Mutant In Vitro and In Vivo Using a Regulatable K-rasG12D Mouse Allele. PLoS ONE 7(5): e37308. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037308"}
{"text": "The name of the third author was incorrectly represented in the Citation. The correct Citation is: Ha G-H, Kim J-L, Breuer E-K (2013) TACC3 Is Essential for EGF-Mediated EMT in Cervical Cancer. PLoS ONE 8(8): e70353. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070353."}
{"text": "The word \"through\" is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: A Novel SND1-BRAF Fusion Confers Resistance to c-Met Inhibitor PF-04217903 in GTL16 Cells through MAPK Activation. The correct citation is:Lee NV, Lira ME, Pavlicek A, Ye J, Buckman D, et al. (2012) A Novel SND1-BRAF Fusion Confers Resistance to c-Met Inhibitor PF-04217903 in GTL16 Cells through MAPK Activation. PLoS ONE 7(6): e39653. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039653"}
{"text": "The name of the third author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: Thasarat S. Vajaranant. The correct citation is: Kang JJ, Allemann N, Vajaranant TS, de la Cruz J, Cortina MS (2013) Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography for the Quantitative Evaluation of the Anterior Segment Following Boston Keratoprosthesis. PLoS ONE 8(8): e70673. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070673. The correct information in the Author Contributions statement is: Conceived and designed the experiments: JJK NA TSV JDLC MSC. Performed the experiments: JJK NA TSV JDLC MSC. Analyzed the data: JJK NA TSV JDLC MSC. Wrote the paper: JJK NA TSV JDLC MSC."}
{"text": "There was an error in the title of the article, which omitted the word \"Suppression.\" The correct title should read: Mycoepoxydiene Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses through the Suppression of TRAF6 Polyubiquitination.The correct citation is: Chen Q, Chen T, Li W, Zhang W, Zhu J, et al. (2012) Mycoepoxydiene Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses through the Suppression of TRAF6 Polyubiquitination. PLoS ONE 7(9): e44890. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044890"}
{"text": "Yersinia pestis.The word \"Acyl\" was spelled incorrectly in the title. The correct title is: Transcriptome Analysis of Acyl-Homoserine Lactone-Based Quorum Sensing Regulation in Yersinia pestis. PLoS ONE 8(4): e62337. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062337 The correct citation is: LaRock CN, Yu J, Horswill AR, Parsek MR, Minion FC (2013) Transcriptome Analysis of Acyl-Homoserine Lactone-Based Quorum Sensing Regulation in"}
{"text": "The name of the third author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: N.H. van Mil. The correct Citation is: Stolk L, Bouwland-Both MI, van Mil NH, Verbiest MMPJ, Eilers PHC, et al. (2013) Epigenetic Profiles in Children with a Neural Tube Defect; A Case-Control Study in Two Populations. PLoS ONE 8(11): e78462. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078462."}
{"text": "The word \u201cEndosymbionts\u201d was used incorrectly in the title, and has been replaced with \u201cMicrobiome\u201d. The correct title is: Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Microbiome of Herbivorous Insects Reveals Eco-Environmental Adaptations: Biotechnology Applications. The correct citation is: Shi W, Xie S, Chen X, Sun S, Zhou X, et al. (2013) Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Microbiome of Herbivorous Insects Reveals Eco-Environmental Adaptations: Biotechnology Applications. PLoS Genet 9(1): e1003131. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003131"}
{"text": "Nasonia vitripennis. PLoS ONE 8(7): e68608. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068608. The correct abbreviation in the Author Contributions Statement is: MLB. The name of the third author was incorrectly given. The correct name is: Mark L. Blaxter. The correct citation is: Pannebakker BA, Trivedi U, Blaxter ML, Watt R, Shuker DM (2013) The Transcriptomic Basis of Oviposition Behaviour in the Parasitoid Wasp"}
{"text": "AbstractNeoperla are reviewed from Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve located in the Fujian Province of southeastern China, including the description of a new species, Neoperla brevistylasp. n. The new species is compared to similar taxa. The first records of five Neoperla species, Neoperla henana Li, Wu & Zhang, 2011, Neoperla similiserecta Wang & Li, 2012, Neoperla qingyuanensis Yang & Yang, 1995, Neoperla xuansongae Li & Li, 2013 and Neoperla tuberculata Wu, 1938 are given for the Wuyi Mountain. A provisional key is provided for facilitating the identification of these species.The species of the genus  Neoperla is the most species-rich genus within the subfamily Perlinae .In the present paper, the species ofthe genus Insect Collection of Henan Institute of Science and Technology (HIST), Xinxiang, and the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing. They were examined with the aid of a Motic SMZ 168 microscope and the color illustrations were captured using digitalized software Motic Images Advanced 3.2. All specimens were kept in 75% ethanol. Aedeagi were everted using the cold maceration technique of Types and other examined material are deposited in the Du, 1999http://species-id.net/wiki/Neoperla_breviscrotataNeoperla breviscrotata Du, 1999: 312. Type locality: Guizhou Province, Sandou, Chengguan.China .This species was recently described by PageBreakLi & Mur\u00e1nyisp. n.http://zoobank.org/6FB22544-4438-4E18-8E5C-4F68C9BB1498http://species-id.net/wiki/Neoperla_brevistyla27\u00b074.78'N, 117\u00b068.31'E, light trap, 12 Jul. 2009, Li Shi and Xiaoyan Liu. Paratypes: 2 males, the same data as holotype, (CAU); 6 males, the same locality, 16 Aug. 2006, Hui Dong, (HIST).1 male (CAU), China: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang, 735 m, Forewing length 15.6\u201316.0 mm. Distance between ocelli about as wide as diameter of the ocellus. Head slightly wider than pronotum, with an obscure quadrate dark stigma on frons and a brown area covering ocelli ; compounTerminalia. The posterior margin of tergum 7 with quadrate, rounded and elevated process covered with dense sensilla basiconica .Neoperla brevistyla belongs to an informal group of species including Neoperla biprojecta Du, 2001, Neoperla duratubulata Du, 1999, Neoperla qingyuanensis Yang & Yang, 1995, Neoperla yentu Cao & Bae, 2007 that bear similar terminalia, sclerotized aedeagal tube and short sac, and a pair of separate ventral lobes of aedeagal tube , China: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang, China (Fujian and Henan provinces).This species was recently described by Du, 1999http://species-id.net/wiki/Neoperla_liiNeoperla lii Du, 1999: 315. Type locality: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang.27\u00b074.78'N, 117\u00b068.31'E, light trap, 19 Aug. 2006, Xian Zhou; 4 males, same locality, 25 Sep. 2009, Tingting Zhang, (HIST).1 male, (CAU), China: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang, China (Fujian).Neoperla lii.This species was recently described by Yang & Yang, 1995http://species-id.net/wiki/Neoperla_qingyuanensisNeoperla qinyuanensis Yang & Yang, 1995b: 59; PageBreak27\u00b074.78'N, 117\u00b068.31'E, light trap, 6 Aug. 2006, Hui Dong; 1 male, same locality, 19 Aug. 2006. Xian Zhou.2 males, (CAU), China: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang, China .Neoperla qinyuanensis.This species was recently redescribed by PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakWu, 1938http://species-id.net/wiki/Neoperla_tuberculataNeoperla tuberculata Wu, 1938: 122; PageBreak27\u00b074.78'N, 117\u00b068.31'E, 9 May 2004, Xingyue Liu.4 males, (CAU), China: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang, Our specimens bear slight variation in the aedeagal sac armatures : the subLi & Wang, 2013http://species-id.net/wiki/Neoperla_similidella\\according to Qin et al 2013Neoperla similidella Li & Wang, 2013: 25. Type locality: China: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Kekao Station.27\u00b074.78'N, 117\u00b068.31'E, light trap, 27 Jun. 2009, Li Shi and Xiaoyan Liu.3 males, (CAU), China: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang, China (Fujian Province).This species was recently recognized by Wang & Li, 2012http://species-id.net/wiki/Neoperla_similiserectaNeoperla similiserecta Wang & Li, 2012: 18. Type locality: China: Guangdong Province, Xinfeng County, Mt. Yunjishan.27\u00b074.78'N, 117\u00b068.31'E, light trap, 12 Jul. 2009, Shi Li and Liu Xiao-Yan.2 males, (CAU), China: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang, China (Fujian and Guangdong provinces).This species was recently described from Guangdong by Li & Li, 2013http://species-id.net/wiki/Neoperla_xuansongaeNeoperla xuansongae Li & Li, 2013: 362. Type locality: Zhejiang Province, Li\u2019an County, Mt. Tianmushan, Sanmuping.27.7478'N, 117.6831'E, 16 Aug. 2006, Hui Dong.4 males, (CAU), China: Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan, Sangang, China (Fujian and Zhejiang provinces).PageBreakNeoperla xuansongae shows a heavier head pattern than types (One of the present fresh specimens of an types , and a san types .Neoperla from the Reserve: Neoperla breviscrotata, Neoperla duratubulata and Neoperla lii. In the present study, an additional new species is described and added to stonefly fauna of this area: Neoperla brevistyla sp. n.The first records of Neoperla henana Li, Wu & Zhang, 2011, Neoperla similiserecta Wang & Li, 2012, Neoperla qingyuanensis Yang & Yang, 1995, Neoperla xuansongae Li & Li, 2013 and Neoperla tuberculata Wu, 1938 are given for the Reserve. The present study showed that Neoperla is the most species rich genus with 10 species currently known from the reserve, 6 species added after the work of This study was at the scale of the"}
{"text": "The author list for the article should be corrected to list Dr Herrero-Fresneda as third author and Dr Goma as fifth author, the revised author list should thus read as follows:\u00c8lia Ripoll, Ana Merino, Immaculada Herrero-Fresneda, Josep M. Aran, Montse Goma, Nuria Bola\u00f1os, Laura de Ramon, Oriol Bestard, Josep M. Cruzado, Josep M. Griny\u00f3, Juan Torras.The details of authors' contributions should also be corrected to reflect the following contributions:Conceived and designed the experiments: ER, JMA, JMG, IHF, JT. Performed the experiments: ER AM MG NB IHF. Analyzed the data: ER OB JMC JMG IHF JT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MG NB LdR IHF. Wrote the paper: ER IHF JT."}
{"text": "The word \"Mortem\" in the title is spelled incorrectly. The correct title is: Profiling of RNA Degradation for Estimation of Post Mortem Interval. The correct citation is: Sampaio-Silva F, Magalh\u00e3es T, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Silvestre R (2013) Profiling of RNA Degradation for Estimation of Post Mortem Interval. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56507. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056507"}
{"text": "Katerina Vlantis should have been included as the fourth author in the byline.Her affiliation is: 4 Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyIn Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS ONE 8(2): e55620. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055620 The correct citation is: Becker S, Oelschlaeger TA, Wullaert A, Vlantis K, Pasparakis M, et al. (2013) Bacteria Regulate Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation Factors Both"}
{"text": "The name of the last author is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Reiner Schulz. The correct Citation is: Underkoffler LA, Carr E, Nelson A, Ryan MJ, Schulz R, et al. (2013) Microarray Data Reveal Relationship between Jag1 and Ddr1 in Mouse Liver. PLoS ONE 8(12): e84383. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084383."}
{"text": "The name of the first author is incorrectly represented in the citation. The correct citation is: Melo RCC, Longhini AL, Bigarella CL, Baratti MO, Traina F, et al. (2014) CXCR7 Is Highly Expressed in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Potentiates CXCR4 Response to CXCL12. PLoS ONE 9(1): e85926.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085926."}
{"text": "The 4th author's name is misspelled. The correct author name is: Julius Emons.The corrected citation is: l-Armouche A, Schwoerer AP, Neuber C, Emons J, Biermann D, et al. (2010) Common MicroRNA Signatures in Cardiac Hypertrophic and Atrophic Remodeling Induced by Changes in Hemodynamic Load. PLoS ONE 5(12): e14263. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014263"}
{"text": "The name of the first author is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Martin Baruffol. The correct Citation is: Baruffol M, Schmid B, Bruelheide H, Chi X, Hector A, et al. (2013) Biodiversity Promotes Tree Growth during Succession in Subtropical Forest. PLoS ONE 8(11): e81246. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081246."}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author in the citation line contained an error. The correct citation is: Zhang L, Reidy SP, Bogachev O, Hall BK, Majdalawieh A, et al. (2011) Lactation Defect with Impaired Secretory Activation in AEBP1-Null Mice. PLoS ONE 6(11): e27795."}
{"text": "AbstractEospilarctia species and one new subspecies from China, Myanmar and Vietnam, respectively, are described. Superficially the new species Eospilarctia maciaisp. n., Eospilarctia naumannisp. n. and Eospilarctia yuennanica fansipanassp. n. resemble related congeners but they can be distinguished by the differences in wing pattern, genitalia and distribution provided. Eospilarctia yuennanica guangdonga Dubatolov, Kishida & Wang, 2008 is upgraded to species level. A checklist of the genus Eospilarctia and a key to the Eospilarctia yuennanica  species-group, based on external characters and male genitalia, is presented.Twonew  Eospilarctia K\u00f4da, 1988 contains 13 species and two subspecies mainly distributed in China (ten species), Taiwan, Japan and Vietnam. All species of genus Eospilarctia have typical wings patterns concist from longitudinal white or yellowish streaks. Identification of species is available by compare genital structures of similar species. Comparisons of the genitalic structures of specimens found in the Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten /Museum of Thomas Witt with Eospilarctia yuennanica \u2013cotypeled to the description of the new species and subspecies.The genus Eospilarctia K\u00f4da preserved in the Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten, Munich, Germany (ZSM) and the Museum of Thomas Witt (MWM). Examined specimens were collected in China, Myanmar and Vietnam using ultraviolet light traps. 31 genital slides were prepared and 124 photos were made. Reference to relevant literature : 39\u201345Seiarctia lewisii Butler, 1885, by original designation.Species of this genus typically have a medium wingspan, long bipectinate antennae, a red patagium, a narrow red abdomen, yellow tegulae, white or yellow longitudinal fascia transversing brown forewings, pale white or yellow-white hindwings with various sized brown spots in terminal and discal areas.Male genitalia. Uncus massive, wide base abruptly narrowing at the tip; tegumen medium size; gnathos reduced; valvae simple with even edges but concave, rough orPageBreak rounded at the apex; juxta wide with wide excision; saccus short, semioval form; aedeagus straight, longer than valvae; vesica multiplex.Female genitalia. Papilla analis massive; apophysis posterioris approximately 2.5 times shorter than apophysis anterioris; ductus short; bursa bisaccate, rounded, without signum.Eospilarctia are distributed in China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Taiwan and Japan.Fourteen species of urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C97E1B9C-F2DF-4329-9243-0143C22C99D6http://species-id.net/wiki/Eospilarctia_yuennanica_fansipanaHolotype: male , (deposited in ZSM/MWM).pe: male , norther22\u00b015\"N, 103\u00b046\"E), June 1994, leg. Sinjaev & Einheim. Sammler (slide No.OP1226), (deposited in ZSM/MWM).Paratype: male, northern Vietnam, Mt. Fan-si-pan, Chapa, 1700 m NN . The pale yellow fascia of the forewings are much wider than in the nominate subspecies. Costal fascia of Eospilarctia yuennanica fansipana ssp. n. extend to the middle of discal cell and the basal fascia ends in a sharp diagonal tip. Eospilarctia yuennanica yuennanica is smaller , forewing markings are similar except that the fascia are much narrower. In the male genitalia the valvae widen without a dorsal excision at apex; juxta with big lateral protrusions, subbasal diverticulum of the vesica has a simple mammilla form; median diverticulum is gently curved, wide.The new subspeciesis larger than other Male: Forewing length of holotype and paratype 33 mm, wingspan 66 mm. Wing pattern typical of genus; forewings\u2019 pale yellow fascia very wide; costal fascia reaching middle of medium cell; basal fascia with sharp diagonal tip.Male genitalia , (deposited in ZSM/MWM).\u2642 , China, Eospilarctia guangdonga Dubatolov, Kishida & Wang, 2008 status n., Eospilarctia yuennanica yuennanica  and Eospilarctia naumanni sp. n. In Eospilarctia guangdonga ) the wing markings are noticeably paler and in the male genitalia the valvae do not widen at the excavated apex. The forewings of Eospilarctia yuennanica yuennanica have more intensive brown markings, with fascia pale white, and the male valvae widen to rough-edged apex. In Eospilarctia naumanni, the costal fascia from the forewing base do not extend to apex of medial cell. In the male genitalia the valvae are almost the same width as length, PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakslightly curved at the middle and wide at tip; saccus massive, slightly narrowing with a blunt tip; juxta \u201cX\u201d shaped, top and bottom deep, juxta lateral sides with weak excavations; aedeagus straight, longer than valva, with visible bulge at ventral tip.Externallythe new speciesis most similar to the sibling species Male: Forewing length of holotype 26 mm, wingspan 50 mm; antennae strongly bipectinate; ground color of forewings dark blackish brown, veins yellow, wing pattern typical of genus. Costal fascia from base not extending to M cell apex. Terminal streak from M2 straight, direct to termen at 45 degree angle crossing vein M1, narrow, with even edges. Hindwings whitish yellow, with brown patches, ventral pattern and color of wings similar to dorsal.Male genitalia , the famous Iberian Peninsula\u2019s urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08D02B41-D6F3-4872-B2B2-1C9CB31A86D0http://species-id.net/wiki/Eospilarctia_naumanniHolotype: \u2642  (deposited in ZSM/MWM).otype: \u2642 , Northea26.1608\u00b0N, 98.35149\u00b0E, 25 May, 2006, leg. S. Naumann, M. Langer, & S. L\u00f6ffler, ex. coll. Swen L\u00f6ffler (slide No.OP1229f), (pers. comm. S. Naumann) (deposited in ZSM/MWM).Paratype: \u2640 , NortheaEospilarctia guangdonga Dubatolov, Kishida & Wang, 2008, Eospilarctia yuennanica  andEospilarctia maciai sp. n. In Eospilarctia guangdonga thewing markings are noticeably paler and in its male genitalia the valvae are not widening at the apex, here with a noticeable excavation. Eospilarctia yuennanica forewings are intense brown with pale white markings, in male genitalia the valvae are widening with cut and rough apex. In Eospilarctia maciai, the forewingterminal streak from M2 is straight, extending to termen at about PageBreakPageBreaka 45\u00b0 angle, crossing vein M1, narrow, with even edges. The costal fascia does not extend to apex of the medial cell. In the male genitalia valvae almost the same width as long, in middle slightly curved, tip of valva wide, oval, tegumen wide narrowing, saccus with well visible blunt tip, juxta \u201cX\u201d form top and bottom wide deep, sides slightly excavated; aedeagus straight longer than valva, at the tip in ventral side with visible bulge.Externallythe new speciesis most similar to sibling species Male: Forewing length of holotype 26 mm, wingspan 54 mm; antennae strongly bipectinate; forewing veins yellow on brown background; wing pattern typical of genus. Yellow costal band extends from forewing basis to apical streak. Terminal streak from M2 straight, direct to termen 35\u00b0 angle, cross vein M1, narrow, with rough edges. Hindwing white yellow, with brown spots. Ventral wing pattern and color identical to upper side.Female. Forewing length of paratype 27 mm; wingspan 55 mm; antennae weakly bipectinate; patches on hindwings very small; other morphological feature as in male.Male genitalia . Myanmar . The newSaturniidae specialist.The new species is named after Mr Stefan Naumann , a renowned Eospilarctia yuennanica guangdonga as a new subspecies and included imago and male genitalia images, however we rise this taxa to species status, Eospilarctia guangdonga stat. nov. The Eospilarctia guangdonga forewing length is 31 mm compared to 28mm for Eospilarctia yuennanica yuennanica. In Eospilarctia guangdonga male genitalia the uncus is cruciform, valvae are not dilatable, tips of valvae are excavated, the juxta has short lateral protrusions, and aedeagus is shorter and stouter.In Eospilarctia yuennanica yuennanica male genitalia the valvae widen without excision at dorsal side of the apex, the juxta have bigger lateral extensions, and aedeagus is longer and thinner.Dubatolov, Kishida and Wang (2008) described Species distributions are given in Eospilarctia chuanxina PageBreak.Holotypus: Institute of Zoology, Academic Sinica . Type locality: Sichuan. Distribution: China: SichuanEospilarctia fangchenglaiae Dubatolov, Kishida & Wang, 2008Holotypus: Siberian Zoological Museum . Type locality: \u201cVietnam, cao Bang, Mt. Pia Oac, h=1700 m\u201d. Distribution: Northern Vietnam ; China: Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Zhejian, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan.Eospilarctia formosana Holotypus: Natural History Museum . Type locality: \u201cRantaizan, Arizan\u201d[Taiwan]. Distribution: Taiwan.Eospilarctia guangdonga Dubatolov, Kishida & Wang, 2008, stat. n.Holotypus: South China Agricultural University . Type locality: Guangdong, China. Distribution: China: Guangdong.Eospilarctia huangshanensis Fang, 2000Holotypus: Institute of Zoology, Academic Sinica . Type locality: \u201cAnhui, Huangshan\u201d [China]. Distribution: China: Anhui, Huangshan.Eospilarctia lewisii Holotypus: Natural History Museum . Type locality: [Japan]. Distribution: Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima.Eospilarctia maciai sp. n.Holotypus: Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten /Museum of Thomas Witt. Type locality: Yunnan prov. Dali Bai autonomy pref., Yulong county, Fengshuiuiny Mts., 2460 m (China). Distribution:China: Yunnan.Eospilarctia naumanni sp. n.Holotypus: Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten /Museum of Thomas Witt. Type locality: Northeast Myanmar (Burma), Kachin state, road Chibwe - Pang Wah. Distribution: Myanmar: Kachin.Eospilarctia nehallenia nehallenia Holotypus: Natural History Museum . Type locality: \u201cT\u00e2-tsien-Lou\u201d [China: Sichuan]. Distribution: China: Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan.Eospilarctia nehallenia baibarensis Holotypus: National Science Museum . Type locality: \u201cFormosa at Baibara near Horisha\u201d [Taiwan]. Distribution: Taiwan.PageBreakEospilarctia neurographa Holotypus: Natural History Museum . Type locality: \u201cFormosa, Kagi distr.\u201d [Taiwan]. Distribution: Taiwan.Eospilarctia pauper Holotypus: Natural History Museum . Type locality: \u201cSiao-Lou\u201d [China: Sichuan]. Distribution: China: Sichuan, Yunnan.Eospilarctia taliensis jordansi = Cotypus: Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten /Museum of Thomas Witt. Type locality: \u201cTali Haut, Yunnan\u201d [China]. Distribution: China: Yunnan, Sichuan (?), Shaanxi.Eospilarctia yuennanica yuennanica Cotypus: Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten /Museum of Thomas Witt. Type locality: \u201cLi-kiang (Nord Yuennan)\u201d [China]. Distribution: China: Sichuan, Yunnan.Eospilarctia yuennanica fansipana ssp.nHolotypus: Zoologische Staatssammlung der Bayerischen Staaten /Museum of Thomas Witt. Type locality: northern Vietnam, Mt. Fan-si-pan, 1600\u20131800 m near Chapa. Distribution: Vietnam: Chapa, Mt. Fan-si-pan."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Upendra K. Kar.The correct citation is: Srivastava MK, Zhu L, Harris-White M, Kar UK, Huang M, et al. (2012) Myeloid Suppressor Cell Depletion Augments Antitumor Activity in Lung Cancer. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40677. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040677"}
{"text": "There was an error in the name of the third author. The correct name is Fran\u00e7oise Daniel-Vedele. The correct citation is: Sormani R, Masclaux-Daubresse C, Daniel-Vedele F, Chardon F (2011) Transcriptional Regulation of Ribosome Components Are Determined by Stress According to Cellular Compartments in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28070. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028070"}
{"text": "The authors would like to add the following references:63. Karlin D, Ferron F, Canard B, Longhi S (2003) Structural disorder and modular organization in Paramyxovirinae N and P. J Gen Virology:84 3239-325264. Bourhis JM, Canard B, Longhi S (2006) Structural disorder within the replicative complex of measles virus: Functional implications. Virology:344 94-11065. Longhi, S. (2003). The C-terminal Domain of the Measles Virus Nucleoprotein Is Intrinsically Disordered and Folds upon Binding to the C-terminal Moiety of the Phosphoprotein. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278(20), 18638-18648.66. Jensen MR, Houben K, Lescop E, Blanchard L, Ruigrok RWH, Blackledge M (2008). Quantitative conformational analysis of partially folded proteins from residual dipolar couplings: application to the molecular recognition element of Sendai virus nucleoprotein. Journal of the American Chemical Society:130(25) 8055-8061)67. Longhi, S. (2009) Nucleocapsid structure and function. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 329: 103-128"}
{"text": "There was an error in the article title.Cnaphalocrocis medinalisThe correct title is: Transcriptome and Gene Expression Analysis of the Rice Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. PLoS ONE 7(11): e47401. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047401 The correct citation is: Li S-W, Yang H, Liu Y-F, Liao Q-R, Du J, et al. (2012) Transcriptome and Gene Expression Analysis of the Rice Leaf Folder,"}
{"text": "There is an error in the citation of the article regarding the first author's name. The correct citation is: Ruger JP, Abdallah AB, Luekens C, Cottler L (2012) Cost-Effectiveness of Peer-Delivered Interventions for Cocaine and Alcohol Abuse among Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE 7(3): e33594. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033594"}
{"text": "A Funding statement is incorrectly omitted from the article. The Funding statement should read: \"This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23689071 [grant-in-aid for Young Scientists (A) (A.T.)], Grant Number 24791859 [grant-in-aid for Young Scientists (B) (T.Y.)], Grant Number 10294943 [grants B (K-H.S.)], and Grant Number 23592573 [grants C (Y.O.)] from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan.\""}
{"text": "There was a spelling error in the fifth author's name. The correct spelling is Jennifer Uekermann. The correct citation is: Zimmermann M, Grabemann M, Mette C, Abdel-Hamid M, Uekermann J, et al. (2012) The Effects of Acute Tryptophan Depletion on Reactive Aggression in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Healthy Controls. PLoS ONE 7(3): e32023. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032023"}
{"text": "There was an error in the order of authors in the paper byline. The correct order is: Jasveer Virk, Jiong Li, Mogens Vestergaard, Carsten Obel, Jette Kolding Kristensen, J\u00f8rn OlsenThe correct citation is: Virk J, Li J, Vestergaard M, Obel C, Kristensen JK, et al. (2012) Prenatal Exposure to Bereavement and Type-2 Diabetes: A Danish Longitudinal Population Based Study. PLoS ONE 7(8): e43508. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043508"}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Great Apes and Lemurs. PLoS ONE 8(10): e78046. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078046. The name of the third author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Peter Kappeler. The correct citation is: Schaumburg F, Mugisha L, Kappeler P, Fichtel C, K\u00f6ck R, et al. (2013) Evaluation of Non-Invasive Biological Samples to Monitor"}
{"text": "AbstractEsagonatopus floridensis sp. n. is described from Florida, Oklaloosa County (USA). A revision of the three Nearctic species of Esagonatopus Olmi, 1984 is presented. New data on geographic distribution, morphologic variability and opposite sexes of Esagonatopus niger  and Esagonatopus perdebilis  are given. A key to the Nearctic species of Esagonatopus is presented. Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) are parasitoids of Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha  and Esagonatopus perdebilis .In 2009 and 2010 we have examined additional specimens of The descriptions follow the terminology used by , 1999. TEsagonatopus niger and Esagonatopus perdebilis are updated by adding new localities and morphological variations to the descriptions reported by The treatments of In the figures of male genitalia the right half was removed.In the text ! means that the specimen was examined personally by the authors.The specimens studied in this paper are deposited in the following collections:American Museum of Natural History, New York, U.S.A.AMNHBeno\u00eet Nusillard\u2019s collection, Montboucher sur Jabron (France).BNCBernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.BPBMCalifornia State Collection of Arthropods, Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A.CDAECanadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada.CNCDepartment of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.DEUKEntomology Museum, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, U.S.A.EMGNatural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.LACMMassimo Olmi\u2019s collection, c/o Department of Plant Protection, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.MOLCPageBreakZoological Institute, Lund, Sweden.MZLUProvincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.PMARobert D. Haines\u2019 collection, Visalia, California, U.S.A.RDHCNatural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A.SEMCDepartment of Entomology, Texas A. & M. University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A.TAMUDepartment of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, U.S.A.UCRNational Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.USNMGenusOlmi, 1984EsagonatopusEsagonatopus niger , orig. desig. Female: apterous; pronotum crossed by a strong transverse impression; enlarged claw with distal apex pointed, with a small subapical tooth, without lamellae, with bristles or peg-like hairs; antenna without rhinaria sensu ; palpal Nearctic, Neotropical.Cicadellidae (Fenton)Chalcogonatopus nigrus Neogonatopus niger  (Fenton): Esagonatopus niger  (Fenton): Esagonatopus perdebilis  (Perkins): Esagonatopus perdebilis  (Perkins): Esagonatopus perdebilis  (Perkins): Esagonatopus niger  (Fenton): Esagonatopus niger  (Fenton): Esagonatopus niger  (Fenton): Type: Holotype, female, USA: Iowa, Story Co., Ames, 8.vii.1923, C.J. Drake coll., ex Scaphoideus sp. probably immistus Say (USNM!). Further specimens examined: CANADA: Ontario: Marmora (CNC!); Near Windsor, Ojibway Park (PMA!); Ottawa (MZLU!); Walpole Island (MZLU!); S Minonico (CNC!); St. Davids (CNC! AMNH!). MEXICO: Mexico (New record): Chapultepec (USNM!). Morelos: Cuernavaca (USNM!). U SA.: Arizona: Johnson Co., McKay Bog, 9 mi. NE Clarksville (CNC!). California (New record): Tulare Co., Ash Mountain, Kaweah Power Station (RDHC!); Contra Costa Co., Moraga (CDAE!); Imperial Co., Niland (USNM!); Riverside Co., Menifee Valley, 33\u00b039\u2019N; 117\u00b013\u2019W (UCR!). Florida (New record): Liberty Co., Torreya State Park (CNC!). Georgia (New record): Rabun Co., Clayton (LACM!). Kentucky: Fayette Co., Lexington (DEUK!); Robertson Co. . New York: Schuyler Co., Valois (BNC!); Yates Co., Dresden (BNC!); Ontario Co., Geneva (BNC!). North Dakota: WalshPageBreak Co., Grafton (AMNH!); Ramsey Co. (AMNH!). Pennsylvania: Dauphin Co., Harrisburg (USNM!). Virginia (New record): Louisa Co., 6.5 Km S of Cuckoo (AMNH!).Female with meso-metapleural suture obsolete; metanotum with lateral rounded protrusions . Male wi. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete. Metanotum transversely striate, not hollow behind scutellum. Metathorax + propodeum shiny, granulated, with lateral rounded protrusions . Head shiny, granulated; occiput excavated; temples distinct; frontal line absent; occipital carina absent; POL = 6; OL = 2; OOL = 4. Palpal formula 6/2. Scutum shiny, granulated. Notauli complete, posteriorly separated; minimum distance between notauli shorter than greatest breadth of posterior ocelli (2:3). Scutellum and metanotum shiny, smooth, without sculpture. Propodeum completely reticulate rugose. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; stigmal vein with distal part longer than proximal part (17:8). Dorsal process of the parameres  broadeneCicadellidae (Lycioides amoenus (Van Duzee); in USA,stus Say ; in USA,sus Ball , 1985; inus Ball .(R. Perkins)Chalcogonatopus perdebilis Chalcogonatopus perdebilis  R. Perkins: Esagonatopus perdebilis  (R. Perkins): Nec Esagonatopus perdebilis  (R. Perkins): Nec Esagonatopus perdebilis  (R. Perkins): Nec Esagonatopus perdebilis  (R. Perkins): Esagonatopus perdebilis  (R. Perkins): Esagonatopus perdebilis  (R. Perkins): Types: Lectotype . Nayarit: about 10 Km S of San Blas, Matach\u00e9n, Crocodilario (MOLC!). Nuevo Leon: San Juan, R\u00edo San Juan (UCR!). USA.: Georgia (New record): Pike Co.PageBreak (EMG!). Kansas (New record): Douglas Co., University of Kansas Natural History Reserve (SEMC!). Texas: Brewster Co., Big Bend Nat. Park, Window Trail (CNC!); Presidio Co., Big Bend Ranch SNA, 2.5 mi. SE La Sauceda (TAMU!); Val Verde Co., Seminole Canyon State Park, Rio Grande Trail (TAMU!); Brazos Co., College Station (TAMU!).Female with meso-metapleural suture obsolete; metanotum laterally not protruding . Male wi. Scutellum flat, without sculpture. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete. Metanotum transversely striate, not hollow behind scutellum. Metathorax + propodeum shiny, without sculpture, without lateral rounded protrusions . Head dull, granulated, laterally with two shiny and smooth areas situated between posterior ocelli and eyes and surrounded by very low keels; frontal line absent; occipital carina absent; occiput concave; temples distinct; POL = 4.5; OL = 2; OOL = 3. Palpal formula 6/2. Scutum dull, granulated. Notauli complete, posteriorly meeting. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, very finely punctate, without sculpture among punctures. Propodeum dull, reticulate rugose, without keels. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; marginal cell open; distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part (10:6). Dorsal process of the parameres  .dellidae : in Mexi (Uhler) . QuotatiOlmi & Guglielmino sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:926B0805-93C4-4D90-B8C7-F08B8C938B26Floridensis from Florida, where this species was collected.Holotype, female, USA: Florida, Oklaloosa Co., 2 mi N Holt, 31.v.1991, J.B. Woolley coll. (TAMU (it will be transferred to USNM)!).Female with meso-metapleural suture distinct and complete; metanotum with lateral pointed protrusions. Male unknown.. Meso-metapleural suture distinct and complete. Metanotum transversely striate, not hollow behind scutellum, with sides protruding; lateral protrusions pointed (. Metathorax + propodeum (. Enlarged claw (PageBreak Segment 5 of fore tarsus (apterous; length 2.7 mm. Head brown, except anterior region of face, clypeus and mandibles testaceous; antenna brown-testaceous; mesosoma brown, except scutum testaceous-yellow; petiole and gaster black; legs testaceous, except part of coxae and clubs of femora brown. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 9:4:11:6:5:4.5:4:4:4:5. Head excavated, shiny, smooth, without sculpture, except occiput granulated; frontal line complete; occipital carina incomplete, shortly present behind and on the sides of posterior ocelli; POL = 1; OL = 2; OOL = 7; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli about as long as POL. Palpal formula 6/2. Pronotum crossed by a strong transverse impression, shiny, with anterior collar smooth and without sculpture, disc sculptured by weak longitudinal striae. Scutum shiny, with few longitudinal striae, without lateral pointed apophyses. Scutellum flat, shiny, without sculpture pointed . Metathoropodeum  dull, wiged claw  with a se tarsus  with 2 runknown.unknown."}
{"text": "The second author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Muraleedharan Parvathy.The correct citation is: Haneef J, Parvathy M, Thankayyan R SK, Sithul H, Sreeharshan S (2012) Bax Translocation Mediated Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Caspase Dependent Photosensitizing Effect of Ficus religiosa on Cancer Cells. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40055. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040055"}
{"text": "Vitamin E prevents steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits\u201d, previously published in 81(1), was incorrectly entered in place of Kock et al. \u201cBone scintigraphy after osteochondral autograft transplantation in the knee\u201d which had appeared in the print issue.The online issue of Acta Orthopaedica 81(2) initially published on 8 April 2010 contained an error in the order of contents. The article by Kuribayashi et al. \u201cTo correct this mistake the running order of the online issue was amended to match the print version on 29 June 2010.As a result of our error, citations for Acta Orthopaedica 81(2) in the National Library of Medicine's Medline Index are not correct.The correct citation for:Kuribayashi M, Fujioka M, Takahashi KA, Arai Y, Ishida M, Goto T, Kubo T. Vitamin E prevents steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 206-12. Should be:Kuribayashi M, Fujioka M, Takahashi KA, Arai Y, Ishida M, Goto T, Kubo T. Vitamin E prevents steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits. Acta Orthop. 2010 Feb; 81(1): 154-60. .The article by Kock et al. is currently not in the index, but should appear as:Kock NB, van Tankeren E, Oyen WJG, Wymenga AB, van Susante JLC. Bone scintigraphy after osteochondral autograft transplantation in the knee. Acta Orthop. 2010 Feb; 81(1): 206-10.In addition, due to the difference in the number of pages between Kuribayashi et al. and Kock et al., all subsequent papers in this issue are indexed with incorrect page numbers on Medline.Raiss P, Pape G, J\u00e4ger S, Loew M, Bitsch R, Rickert M. In vitro measurement of temperature changes during implantation of cemented glenoid components. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 213-7. PubMed PMID: 20367412; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895340.The correct citation for Raiss et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 211-5.Heineman DJ, Poolman RW, Nork Sean SE, Ponsen KJ, Bhandari M. Plate fixation or intramedullary fixation of humeral shaft fractures. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 218-25. Review. PubMed PMID: 20170424; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895341.The correct citation for Heineman et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 216-23.Karlsson MK, Herbertsson P, Nordqvist A, Besjakov J, Josefsson PO, Hasserius R. Comminuted fractures of the radial head. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 226-9. PubMed PMID: 20367419; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895342.The correct citation for Karlsson et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 224-7.Giannicola G, Sacchetti FM, Greco A, Gregori G, Postacchini F. Open reduction and internal fixation combined with hinged elbow fixator in capitellum and trochlea fractures. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 230-5. PubMed PMID: 20180722; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895343.The correct citation for Giannicola et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 228-33.Aspenberg P, Johansson T. Teriparatide improves early callus formation in distal radial fractures. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 236-8. PubMed PMID: 20367417; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895344.The correct citation for Aspenberg et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 234-6.Nilsson A, Wiig M, Alnehill H, Berggren M, Bj\u00f6rnum S, Geijer M, Kopylov P, Sollerman C. The Artelon CMC spacer compared with tendon interposition arthroplasty. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 239-46. PubMed PMID: 20180717; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895345.The correct citation for Nilsson et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 237-44.Lofter\u00f8d B, Terjesen T. Changes in lower limb rotation after soft tissue surgery in spastic diplegia. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 247-51. PubMed PMID: 20175660; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895346.The correct citation for Lofter\u00f8d et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 245-9.Paul L, Docquier PL, Cartiaux O, Cornu O, Delloye C, Banse X. Selection of massive bone allografts using shape-matching 3-dimensional registration. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 252-7. PubMed PMID: 20175643; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895347.The correct citation for Paul et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 250\u20135Slobogean GP, O'Brien PJ, Brauer CA. Single-dose versus multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for the surgical treatment of closed fractures. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 258-64. PubMed PMID: 20148647; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895348.The correct citation for Slobogean et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 256-62.Men X, Han S, Gao J, Cao G, Zhang L, Yu H, Lu H, Pu J. Taurine protects against lung damage following limb ischemia reperfusion in the rat by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 265-9. PubMed PMID: 20148646; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895349.The correct citation for Men et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 263-7Dumont CE, Schuster AJ, Freslier-Bossa M. Borggreve-Van Nes rotationplasty for infected knee arthroplasty - a case report. Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 270-2. PubMed PMID: 20170417; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2895350.The correct citation for Dumont et al. is: Acta Orthop. 2010 Apr; 81(2): 268-70.The publishers apologize to the relevant authors and our readers for these errors. We trust that, following publication of this notice, the National Library of Medicine will be willing to correct the Medline index."}
{"text": "In the citation, the name of the fifth author was presented incorrectly.The correct citation should read: Fye HKS, Wright-Drakesmith C, Kramer HB, Camey S, Nogueira da Costa, A, et al. (2013) Protein Profiling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics in Two West African Populations. PLoS ONE 8(7): e68381. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068381"}
{"text": "The name of the third author is incorrect. The correct name is: Stephanie M. Lim. The correct Citation is: Fraisier C, Camoin L, Lim SM, Bakli M, Belghazi M, et al. (2013) Altered Protein Networks and Cellular Pathways in Severe West Nile Disease in Mice. PLoS ONE 8(7): e68318. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068318. The correct abbreviation in the Author Contributions Statement is: SML."}
{"text": "The name of the third author is incorrect. The correct name is: Greg M. Harris.The correct Citation is: Cheng Q, Blais M-O, Harris GM, Jabbarzadeh E (2013) PLGA-Carbon Nanotube Conjugates for Intercellular Delivery of Caspase-3 into Osteosarcoma Cells. PLoS ONE 8(12): e81947. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081947.The correct abbreviation of the third author's name in the Author Contributions Statement is: GMH."}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author was given incorrectly. The correct name is: J\u00f8rgen J. Leisner. Dicentrarchus labrax) Larvae Correspond with Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization? PLoS ONE 8(8): e70477. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070477. The correct citation is: Frans I, Dierckens K, Crauwels S, Van Assche A, Leisner JJ, et al. (2013) Does Virulence Assessment of Vibrio anguillarum Using Sea Bass (The correct abbreviation in the Author Contributions Statement is: JJL."}
{"text": "The name of the first author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Bastien Hermant. The correct citation is: Hermant B, Gudrun A, Potopalsky AI, Chroboczek J, Tcherniuk SO (2013) Amitozyn Impairs Chromosome Segregation and Induces Apoptosis via Mitotic Checkpoint Activation. PLoS ONE 8(3): e57461. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057461."}
{"text": "The initial sample size calculation in our protocol  was base* Medical Ethics Committee, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (ref. No. MEC 09/107).The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/12/37/prepub"}
{"text": "The Atlantic Forest is considered one of the world's biological diversity hotspots, and is increasingly threatened by the rapid destruction and fragmentation of its natural areas. The caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Itatiaia massif, an Atlantic Forest highland area, are inventoried and cataloged here. The catalog is based on examination of bibliographies, field work on many localities of Itatiaia massif , and the entomological collection Professor Jos\u00e9 Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra (DZRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. A total of 92 species are recorded, representing about 17% of the known Brazilian Trichoptera fauna. Leptoceridae, Hydropsychidae, and Philopotamidae are the families most represented. The high species richness, as well as the remarkable patterns of species distribution, may be related to the characteristics of Mantiqueira mountain range. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) comprise more than 13,500 extant species described from all faunal regions, arranged in about 610 genera and 47 families . Howeversensu Wallace  and the Brazilian subregion  . de Moor Wallace  is divid Wallace . Chilean Wallace .There are about 2,200 species described from the Neotropical region, where diversity and distribution of Trichoptera are little-known . In BrazThe order Trichoptera is divided into three suborders: Annulipalpia (net-spinning or fixed-retreat makers), Integripalpia (portable-case makers), and Spicipalpia (Hydrobiosidae and Rhyacophylidae (free-living), Glossosomatidae (saddle-case makers), and Hydroptilidae (purse-case makers)) . HoweverImmature caddisflies stages are exclusively aquatic, being important in aquatic assemblages. Larvae are important components of energy flow and nutrient dynamics in freshwater environments . TrichopThe Brazilian Atlantic Forest is among the five most important biodiversity hotspots in the world. Less than 8% of the original forest now remains, and it occurs mostly in isolated topographically remnants scattered throughout a landscape dominated by agricultural uses and urbanization. Despite these disturbances, the Atlantic Forest is still extremely rich in biodiversity, sheltering a significant proportion of the Brazilian fauna and flora with high levels of endemism . The ItaThe Itatiaia massif is situated in Mantiqueira mountain range, an extensive area of highlands in southeastern Brazil. The massif is located on the border of three Brazilian states: Minas Gerais , Rio de Janeiro , and S\u00e3o Paulo .The highlands of Itatiaia massif are a Pre-Cambrian outcrop of metamorphic nephelinesyenite rocks . One of Itatiaia massif has four vegetation types that follow an altitudinal gradient: lower montane forest (from 400 to 499 MASL) montane forest  , upper mThe climate is mesothermic, markedly seasonal, with cold and dry winters and very wet summers (Cwa according K\u00f6ppen's classification). Mean annual temperature is about 14 \u00b0C, with lower temperatures falling below \u201310 \u00b0C during the rigorous winter. Annual rainfall is about 2,400 mm, concentrated in the summer months . At the Itatiaia massif is inserted between the Rio Picu gorge (MG) and Mau\u00e1 (RJ), having Para\u00edba do Sul drainage basin on the south (Rio de Janeiro State) and Rio Grande drainage basin on the north (Minas Gerais State). The three main rivers of massif which contribute to the Rio Para\u00edba do Sul basin are: Rio Preto, that drains the northeastern area; Rio Campo Belo, that flows at southeastern portion; and Rio do Salto, located at southwestern section. Rio Capivari (tributary of Rio Verde) and Rio Aiuruoca (tributary of Rio Turvo) are the main rivers that form Rio Grande basin, on northwestern portion of the massif . Rivers PNI is located on the border between Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais states, between 22\u00b0 19\u2032 \u2013 22\u00b0 45\u2032 S and 44\u00b0 15\u2032 \u2013 44\u00b0 50\u2032 W. The protected area was established in 1937 and is the oldest national park in Brazil. Currently, PNI comprises an area of 30,000 ha, covering 20% of Itatiaia massif . The parThe catalog of species is based mainly on specimens collected from many localities of the Itatiaia massif between 1990 and 2009. Additional records from previous published articles are also provided here. Sampled area was divided into five major drainage sub-basins : (1) RioLarvae and pupae were collected with Surber and Brundin nets (125 \u00b5m and 180 \u00b5m mesh), sieves, and manually in several kinds of substrate, in rapids, and pools of rivers and streams. The specimens were preserved in 80% ethanol. Adults were collected with light traps (white sheet and Pennsylvania light trap), which were placed near streams and lightened at dusk, remaining switched on during the night. At daytime the adults were collected in activity with entomological nets and aspirators. The specimens were also preserved in 80% ethanol and few ones were pinned.Immature stages were identified to generical level based on keys by Angrisano , WigginsAlisotrichia Flint, 1964, Metrichia Ross, 1938, Ochrotrichia Mosely, 1934 (Hydroptilidae), Oecetis McLachlan, 1877 (Leptoceridae), CyrnellusGrumichaItauara juliaMortoniella crescentisMortoniella latispinaMacronema partitumAustrotinodes taquaralisPolycentropus inusitatusAtopsyche acahuanaSmicridea iguazuS. radula Flint, 1974 (Hydropsychidae), and Nectopsyche pantostictaPolycentropus rosalysaePolyplectropus annulicornis Ulmer, 1905 and P. hystricosus Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal, 2010 are recorded for the first time from state of Rio de Janeiro. Dumas et al. , Hydropsychidae (16 species), and Philopotamidae (13 species). However, Leptoceridae and Hydropsychidae are represented by five genera each, whereas Philopotamidae is represented by only two genera. The least diverse families were Anomalopsychidae, Atriplectididae, Helicopsychidae, Limnephilidae, and Xiphocentronidae, which were represented by a single species each.A catalog of species from Itatiaia massif with their distribution in the study area is provided below. The catalog is organized alphabetically by family, genus, and species. Each species name is followed by its author, date, and bibliographic citation of publication and page number on which the name was formally established. Information on type locality, holotype depository, and sex of the type are given in square brackets. Citations for any significant publication - redescriptions, description of immature stages, lectotype and neotype designations, checklist, and new distribution records - are also given. Synonyms are listed below the valid species name. Sampling sites where the species were collected in Itatiaia massif are given according to the codes presented in Tables BMNH \u2014 The Natural History Museum, London, England, United Kingdom. CASC \u2014 California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA. DEIC \u2014 Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, M\u00fcncheberg, Germany. DZRJ \u2014 Cole\u00e7\u00e3o Entomol\u00f3gica Prof. Jos\u00e9 Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. DZUP \u2014 Cole\u00e7\u00e3o Entomol\u00f3gica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Paran\u00e1, Brazil. ISNB \u2014 Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium. ISMA \u2014 Instituto San Miguel, Buenos Aires, Argentina. MACN \u2014 Museo Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina. MCZN \u2014 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. MZBS \u2014 Museo de Zoologia, Barcelona, Spain. MZSP \u2014 Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. NHMW \u2014 Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria. MLUH \u2014 Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t, Wissenschaftsbereich Zoologie, Halle an der Salle, Germany. MZPW \u2014 Polish Academy of Science, Museum of the Institute of Zoology, Warsaw, Poland. UMSP \u2014 University of Minnesota insect collection, Minnesota, USA. USNM \u2014 National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA. ZMUH \u2014 Universit\u00e4t von Hamburg, Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, Germany. ZSMC \u2014 Zoologischen Staatssamlung M\u00fcnchen, Munich, Germany.Contulma tijuca: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07, and PE 01.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Neoatriplectides desiderata: Neoatriplectides sp.: N. desiderata].Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 02, AI 04, AI 11, CB 21, and PR 12.Distribution: Brazil .Phylloicus abdominalis: Homoeoplectron] \u2014 Phylloicus abdominalis] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 11, CB 12, CB 13, CB 15, CB 19, CB 20, CB 21, PE 03, PE 04, PR 02, PR 03, PR 09, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Argentina, and Brazil .Phylloicus angustior:Phylloicus hansoni: Denning, in Denning, Resh and Hogue 1983: 184  \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , Colombia, Trinidad, and Venezuela.Phylloicus bidigitatus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 06, AI 09, CB 09, and CB 11.Distribution: Brazil .Phylloicus monneorum: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 10, and CB 23.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Austrotinodes prolixus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, PE 05, PR 12, and SA 01.Distribution: Brazil .Austrotinodes taquaralis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Taquaral (22\u00b024\u203233\u2033S 44\u00b033\u203208\u2033W) \u2014 seeDistribution: Brazil .Itauara julia: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo, trail to V\u00e9u da Noiva (22\u00b025\u203242\u2033S 44\u00b037\u203210\u2033W); PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22\u00b027\u203202\u2033S 44\u00b036\u203249\u2033W); PNI, Rio Taquaral (22\u00b027\u203215\u2033S 44\u00b036\u203234\u2033W) \u2014 seeDistribution: Brazil (RJ).Mortoniella crescentis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo, trail to V\u00e9u da Noiva (22\u00b025\u203242\u2033S 44\u00b037\u203210\u2033W); PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22\u00b027\u203202\u2033S 44\u00b036\u203249\u2033W) \u2014 seeDistribution: Brazil (RJ).Mortoniella latispina: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo, trail to V\u00e9u da Noiva (22\u00b025\u203242\u2033S 44\u00b037\u203210\u2033W) \u2014 seeDistribution: Brazil (RJ).Mortoniella teutona: Mexitrichia] \u2014 M. albolineata] \u2014 Mortoniella teutona; in leroda group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, and PE 05.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Uruguay.Helicopsyche monda: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 13, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Paraguay.Atopsyche hatunpuna: longipennis group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 03, and AI 10. Distribution: Brazil .Atopsyche huamachucu: longipennis group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 02, and CB 05.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Atopsyche huanapu: longipennis group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 02, CB 21, PE 04, and PR 12.Distribution: Brazil .Atopsyche huarcu: longipennis group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 02, CB 13, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Atopsyche sanctipauli: longipennis group] \u2014 Sites in Itaiaia massif: PE 01, and PE 05.Distribution: Brazil .Atopsyche zernyi: longipennis group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 03, CB 07, CB 14, PR 09, PR 10, and SA 04.Distribution: Brazil .Centromacronema auripenne: Macronema] \u2014 Centromacronema auripenne] \u2014 C. cupreum; venation] \u2014 Macronema cupreum: Leptocerus niveistigma: Leptocerus abjurans: Leptocerus quadrifurcata: Centromacronema extensumSites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, PE 01, PE 03, and PR 06.Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil , Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.Leptonema bifurcatodes: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 11.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Leptonema pallidum: Leptonema furcatum: Hydropsyche flagellata: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, and SA 03.Distribution: Argentina and Brazil .Leptonema tridens: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 01, AI 04, AI 10, PR 02, PR 04, PR 08, PR 10, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Brazil , and Paraguay [?].Leptonema viridianum: Leptonema dissimile: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 05.Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil , Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela.Macronema bicolor: Macronema agnathum: Leptonema apicale: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 08, and AI 10.Distribution: Brazil .Macronema partitum: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Bar\u00e3o Homem de Mello [currently Itatiaia municipality] \u2014 seeDistribution: Brazil (RJ).Macrostemum hyalinum: Hydropsyche hyalina] \u2014 Macronema hyalina] \u2014 Macrostemum hyalinum] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 16, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil , Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela.Macrostemum maculatum: Phryganea maculata] \u2014 Macronema maculata] \u2014 Macrostemum maculatum] \u2014 Macronema tuberosum: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 08.Distribution: Brazil .Smicridea albosignata: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 08, CB 11, CB 09, CB 12, CB 15, PE 01, PE 04, PE 05, PR 14, SA 03, and SA 04.Distribution: Brazil .Smicridea froehlichi: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 06, CB 07, CB 12, CB 15, CB 21, PR 04, PR 06, PR 07, PR 08, PR 09, PR 10, PR 12, PR 14, PE 01, PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, SA 01, SA 02, SA 03, SA 04, and SA 05.Distribution: Brazil .Smicridea gemina: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, PR 12, PR 14, SA 03, and SA 04.Distribution: Brazil , Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.Smicridea jundiai: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, PE 05, PR 12, PR 14, and SA 01.Distribution: Brazil .Abtrichia squamosa: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, and PE 03.Distribution: Brazil .Byrsopteryx abrelata: Sites in Itatiaia massif: SA 04.Distribution: Brazil .Hydroptila argentinica: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, PE 05, PR 01, PR 05, PR 06, PR 07, PR 08, PR 09, PR 10, SA 01, SA 02, and SA 03.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Uruguay.Hydroptlia producta: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 02, and PE 03.Distribution: Brazil , and Uruguay.Neotrichia dubitans: Dolotrichia?] \u2014 Neotrichia dubitans] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07, PE 01, PE 03, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Oxyethira tica: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 03.Distribution: Brazil , Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, St. Lucia, St. Vicent, Trinidad, and Venezuela.Rhyacopsyche bulbosa: Sites in Itatiaia massif: SA 04.Distribution: Brazil .Rhyacopsyche dikrosa: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, PE 02, PE 03, PE 04, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Rhyacopsyche hagenii: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 04, CB 06, CB 07, CB 12, PE 01, PE 02, PE 04, and PE 05.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Uruguay.Grumichella rostrata: seeSites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 12, PE 02, PE 03, PE 05, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Brazil .Nectopsyche aureovittata: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PR 12, PR 14, SA 01, SA 03, and SA 04.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Paraguay.Nectopsyche bruchi: Leptocella] \u2014 Nectopsyche bruchi] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Paraguay.Nectopsyche fuscomaculata: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 12, PE 01, and PE 05.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Paraguay.Nectopsyche muhni: Leptocella] \u2014 Nectopsyche muhni] \u2014 Leptocella fulvocapilla: etodes pretiosella: Leptocella bridarollia: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 06, PE 02, and PR 12.Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil , Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela.Nectopsyche ortizi: gemma group] \u2014 N gemma, nec Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 07, CB 12, PE 02, PE 04, PE 05, and PR 09.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , Costa Rica, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela.Nectopsyche punctata: Leptocella] \u2014 Nectopsyche punctata] \u2014 Leptocella fenestrata: Leptocella spegazzinia:Leptocella ambitiosa: N. mixta] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 11, PE 03, SA 02, and SA 03.Distribution: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil , Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela.Nectopsyche separata: Leptocella] \u2014 Nectopsyche separata] \u2014 Leptocella graphica: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 15, PE 04, PR 04, PR 07, PR 08, PR 09, PR 10, and SA 02.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , and Paraguay.Neoathripsodes anomalus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 06, AI 08, CB 13, CB 20, PE 05, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Notalina hamiltoni: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Notalina morsei: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 06, CB 07, CB 11, CB 12, CB 13, CB 15, PE 01, PE 04, PE 05, PR 09, PR 12, SA 03, and SA 04.Distribution: Brazil .Triplectides gracilis: Mystacides] \u2014 Triplectides gracilis] \u2014 Mystacides princeps: Tetracentron ramulorus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, AI 06, CB 07, CB 08, CB 11, CB 12, CB 13, CB 16, CB 21, PE 01, PE 03, PE 04, PR 03, PR 05, PR 09, PR 10, PR 12, PR 14, SA 03, and SA 05.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , Paraguay, and Surinam.Triplectides itatiaia: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 08, and CB 20.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Triplectides misionensis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 06, and SA 05.Distribution: Argentina, and Brazil .Triplectides neotropicus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07.Distribution: Brazil , and Venezuela.Triplectides ultimus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, AI 08, AI 09, AI 10, CB 15, PR 03, PR 14, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Antarctoecia brasiliensis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 01, AI 02, and AI 04.Distribution: Brazil (MG).Anastomoneura guahybae: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, AI 08, AI 09, and AI 11.Distribution: Brazil (MG).Barypenthus concolor: Barypenthus rufipes: Musarna aperiens: Musarna interclusus:Musarna claudens: Barypenthus ferrugineus: Barypenthus chysopus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 11, CB 14, CB 15, CB 17, CB 18, CB 21, PR 03, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Brazil .Marilia aiuruoca:Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 03, CB 19, AI 04, AI 06, PR 09, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Brazil .Marilia huamantincoae: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, PE 04, and PR 13.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Marilia major: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 02, AI 04, PR 06, PR 09, PR 10, and PR 12.Distribution: Brazil .Alterosa beckeri: sanctipauli group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 06, CB 20, and PR 12.Distribution: Brazil .Alterosa escova: marinonii group] \u2014Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 11.Distribution: Brazil .Alterosa falcata: falcata group] \u2014 Dumas et al. 2009: 361 [checklist].Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 15, CB 21, PE 01, PE 04, PR 12, PR 14, and SA 05.Distribution: Brazil .Alterosa flinti: marinonii group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, PE 02, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Alterosa itatiaiae: sanctipauli group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07, CB 08, CB 11, CB 12, CB 20, CB 21, and PE 01.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Alterosa truncata: sanctipauli group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra beckeri: morio group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 08, CB 07, CB 08, CB 16, PE 01, PE 02, PE 03, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra camella: simpliciforma group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07, CB 15, PE 01, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra camura: simpliciforma group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07, CB 09, PE 01, PE 02, PE 05, and PR 03.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra froehlichi: morio group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 06, CB 07, CB 12, CB 16, CB 19, CB 20, CB 21, and PR 12.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra kontilos: simpliciforma group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 11, CB 12, CB 13, CB 15, CB 20, CB 22, PE 01, and PE 02.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra morio: Chimarrha] \u2014morio group] \u2014 Chimarra martinmoselyi: Chimarra moselyiChimarra moselyiSites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, and PE 05.Distribution: Brazil .Chimarra odonta: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 12, CB 20, CB 21, PE 01, PE 04, PR 03, and SA 03.Distribution: Brazil .Cernotina puri: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 05.Distribution: Brazil (RJ).Nyctiophylax neotropicalis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 06, PE 04, and PR 14.Distribution: Argentina, Brazil , Colombia, Surinam, and Uruguay.Polycentropus fluminensis: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 06, and CB 14.Distribution: Brazil .Polycentropus inusitatus: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Brejo da Lapa - seeDistribution: Brazil (MG).Polycentropus itatiaia: Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01.Distribution: Brazil .Polycentropus rosalyae: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, and CB 02.Distribution: Brazil .Polycentropus urubici: Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, and AI 08.Distribution: Brazil .Polyplectropus alatespinus: Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal 2010: 52 .Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 03, and CB 07.Distribution: Brazil .Polyplectropus annulicornis: Ulmer 1905: 91  \u2014 annulicornis group].Sites in Itatiaia massif: PE 01, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .Polyplectropus brasilensis: Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal 2010: 78 .Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 07.Distribution: Brazil .Polyplectropus hystricosus: Chamorro-Lacayo and Holzenthal 2010: 60 .Sites in Itatiaia massif: CB 04, PR 12, and PR 14.Distribution: Brazil .Xiphocentron steffeni: Melanotrichia] \u2014 Xiphocentron steffeni] \u2014 Paprocki, Holzenthal and Blahnik 2004: 16 [checklist] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: AI 04, CB 15, PE 03, and PE 04.Distribution: Brazil .The species records listed below were kindly provided by Dr. Ralph W. Holzenthal and Dr. Roger J. Blahnik, both of University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA. The specimens are deposited in the University of Minnesota Insect Collection (UMSP), Minessota, USA.Atopsyche acahuana: longipennis group] \u2014 Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22\u00b027\u203202\u2033S 44\u00b036\u203249\u2033W), 1300 m \u2014 UMSP. Distribution: Brazil .Smicridea radula: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22\u00b027\u203202\u2033S 44\u00b036\u203249\u2033W), 1300 m \u2014 UMSP. Distribution: Brazil (RJ), Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Panama.Smicridea iguazu: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Taquaral (22\u00b027\u203215\u2033S 44\u00b036\u203234\u2033W), 1300 m; PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22\u00b027\u203202\u2033S 44\u00b036\u203249\u2033W), 1300 m \u2014 UMSP.Distribution: Argentina, and Brazil .Nectopsyche pantosticta: Sites in Itatiaia massif: Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia municipality, PNI, Rio Campo Belo (22\u00b027\u203202\u2033S 44\u00b036\u203249\u2033W), 1300 m; PNI, Rio Campo Belo, trail to V\u00e9u da Noiva (22\u00b025\u203242\u2033S 44\u00b037\u203210\u2033W), 1310 m; PNI, tributary to Rio Taquaral (22\u00b026\u203241\u2033S 44\u00b036\u203228\u2033W), 1320m\u2014UMSP.Distribution: Argentina, and Brazil .Itatiaia massif caddisfly fauna represents a significant proportion of Brazilian known fauna. Considering that Brazil has approximately 550 described species , the fauSuch high species richness present in Itatiaia massif may be explained by the singular features of Mantiqueira mountain range. The mountaintops of Mantiqueira present a cold, temperate climate within a tropical zone and a temperate vegetation island surrounded by a tropical rain forest. Besides that, rocky outcrops abruptly raised from surrounding plains (inselbergs) have a strong influence on the distribution and abundance of biodiversity worldwide, being biological hotspots and supporting unique biotic communities. Moreover, these areas are characterized by high levels of endemism . This maFurthermore, 13 species are endemic to Itatiaia massif. This notable mark may reflect the fact that most distributional records of Neotropical caddisflies species are represented by incidental collections, with many species known only from the original site where they were described . HoweverA few conclusive empirical works have focused on the Southern Hemisphere biogeographical patterns . Two cliNeoatriplectidesN. desiderataN. froehlichiAtriplectidesHughscottiella Ulmer, 1910, possess representatives in Australia and the Seychelles Islands, respectively  has three species previously described for southern Chile, what may lead to think in a Temperate Gondwana pattern of distribution. However, the presence of two additional recently described species from Brazilian Amazon basin and Ecuador \u2014 N. amazonianaN.ecuadorensisSome interesting patterns of species distribution occur in Itatiaia massif and other areas of Mantiqueira mountain range. Some endemic species encountered do not seem to be related to any other species in South America, being ancient relicts of prerupture Gondwanan fauna . The genectively . TherefoAntarctoecia brasiliensisAntarctoecia Ulmer, 1907 shows a disjunct distribution, with A. nordenskioeldii , described from the Puna de Jujuy (Argentina) in elevations above 4,500 m, and A. brasiliensis, found only at Itatiaia plateau above 1,800 m. Biogeographical affinities have been recognized between the fauna and flora of southeastern Brazilian mountains and the Andean-Patagonian region , the only species within the genus, which larvae share more similarities with the North American genus Nerophilus Banks, 1899 and Namamyia Banks, 1905 (de Moor and Ivanov  propose ks, 1905 .Itatiaia massif is located in the Atlantic Forest biome, which is classified as one of the 25 biodiversity hotspots around the world. However, less than 8% of the original forest of this biome now remains, and it occurs mostly in isolated remnants scattered throughout a landscape dominated by agricultural uses. Despite these disturbances, Atlantic Forest is still extremely rich in biodiversity, sheltering a significant proportion of total national fauna and flora, with high levels of endemism . AlthougThe results of this study, allied with other faunistic and floristic works (Paper copies of this article will be deposited in the following libraries. Universitaetsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt Germany; National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA; University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington, D.C., USA; The Linnean Society, London, England. The date of publication is given in \u2018About the Journal\u2019 on the JIS website."}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Ascel Samba-Louaka. The correct citation is: Dortet L, Mostowy S, Samba-Louaka A, Gouin E, Nahori M-A, et al. (2011) Recruitment of the Major Vault Protein by InlK: A Listeria monocytogenes Strategy to Avoid Autophagy. PLoS Pathog 7(8): e1002168. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002168"}
{"text": "There was an error in the fifth author's name.The correct name is: Srdjan DjurovicThe correct citation is: Mellerup E, Andreassen O, Bennike B, Dam H, Djurovic S, et al. (2012) Connection between Genetic and Clinical Data in Bipolar Disorder. PLoS ONE 7(9): e44623. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044623"}
{"text": "There was an error in the fourth author's name. The correct spelling is Kai Hui Hu He. The correct citation is: Fomina-Yadlin D, Kubicek S, Vetere A, Hu He KH, Schreiber SL, et al. (2012) GW8510 Increases Insulin Expression in Pancreatic Alpha Cells through Activation of p53 Transcriptional Activity. PLoS ONE 7(1): e28808. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028808. The correct author contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: DF-Y SK SLS BKW. Performed the experiments: DF-Y SK AV KHHH. Analyzed the data: DF-Y SK AV KHHH. Wrote the paper: DF-Y SK SLS BKW."}
{"text": "The fifth author's first and last names were switched. The correct name is: Andrew Walker. The correct citation is: Williams C, Wilson P, Morrison J, McMahon A, Walker A, et al. (2013) Guided Self-Help Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Depression in Primary Care: A Randomised Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE 8(1): e52735. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052735The last sentence in the Results section was incorrectly stated. The sentence should read: All recordings examined were rated satisfactory against a brief adherence checklist."}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was incorrect.The correct name is: Chau-Zen WangThe correct version of the citation is: Wang H-M, Chou Y-T, Wen Z-H, Wang C-Z, Chen C-H, et al. (2013) Novel Biodegradable Porous Scaffold Applied to Skin Regeneration. PLoS ONE 8(6): e56330. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056330The correct version of the Author Contributions is: Conceived and designed the experiments: HMW YTC ZHW CHC. Performed the experiments: HMW YTC ZHW CHC. Analyzed the data: HMW YTC ZHW CZW CHC MLH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HMW YTC ZHW CHC. Wrote the paper: HMW YTC ZHW CZW CHC MLH."}
{"text": "In the Reference section, Reference 5 and 6 should be replaced with the following:http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00293.20125. Bhattacharya I, Pradhan BS, Sarda K, Gautam M, Basu S, et al. (2012) A switch in Sertoli cell responsiveness to FSH may be responsible for robust onset of germ cell differentiation during prepubartal testicular maturation in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 303: E886\u2013898. 6. Majumdar SS, Sarda K, Bhattacharya I, Plant TM (2012) Insufficient androgen and FSH signaling may be responsible for the azoospermia of the infantile primate testes despite exposure to an adult-like hormonal milieu. Hum. Reprod. 27 : 2515\u20132525"}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: M. Juliana Orejarena. The correct citation is: Mao S-C, Chang C-H, Wu C-C, Orejarena MJ, Manzoni OJ, et al. (2013) Inhibition of Spontaneous Recovery of Fear by mGluR5 after Prolonged Extinction Training. PLoS ONE 8(3): e59580. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059580."}
{"text": "The name of the fifth author was given incompletely. The correct name is: Salomon M Stemmer. The correct citation is: Amit L, Ben-Aharon I, Vidal L, Leibovici L, Stemmer SM (2013) The Impact of Bevacizumab (Avastin) on Survival in Metastatic Solid Tumors - A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 8(1): e51780. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051780. The correct abbreviation in Contributions is: SMS."}
{"text": "References 21, 51, 52, and 53 are the incorrect references. The corrected references are as follows:21. Narendra A, Raderschall CA, Robson SKA (2013) Homing abilities of the Australian intertidal ant Polyrhachis sokolova. Journal of Experimental Biology: 216, 3674-3681. doi:10.1242/jeb.08964951. Leggett LMW, Stavenga DG (1981) Diurnal changes in angular sensitivity of crab photoreceptors. Journal of Comparative Physiology 144: 99-109.52. N\u00e4ssel DR, Waterman TH (1979) Massive diurnally modulated photoreceptor membrane turnover in crab light and dark-adaptation. Journal of Comparative Physiology 131: 205-216.53. Williams DS (1982) Ommatidial structure in relation to turnover of photoreceptor membrane in the locust. Cell and Tissue Research 225: 595-617."}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Robert C. McBride. The correct citation is: Dessau M, Goldhill D, McBride RC, Turner PE, Modis Y (2012) Selective Pressure Causes an RNA Virus to Trade Reproductive Fitness for Increased Structural and Thermal Stability of a Viral Enzyme. PLoS Genet 8(11): e1003102. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003102"}
{"text": "AbstractPageBreakOdontacolus Kieffer and Cyphacolus Priesner are among the most distinctive platygastroid wasps because of their laterally compressed metasomal horn; however, their generic status has remained unclear. We present a morphological phylogenetic analysis comprising all 38 Old World and four Neotropical Odontacolus species and 13 Cyphacolus species, which demonstrates that the latter is monophyletic but nested within a somewhat poorly resolved Odontacolus. Based on these results Cyphacolussyn. n. is placed as a junior synonym of Odontacolus which is here redefined. The taxonomy of Old World Odontacoluss.str. is revised; the previously known species Odontacolus longiceps Kieffer (Seychelles), Odontacolus markadicus Veenakumari (India), Odontacolus spinosus (Dodd)  and Odontacolus hackeri (Dodd)  are re-described, and 32 new species are described: Odontacolus africanus Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus aldrovandii Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus anningae Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Cameroon), Odontacolus australiensis Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus baeri Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus berryae Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus bosei Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus cardaleae Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus darwini Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Thailand), Odontacolus dayi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Indonesia), Odontacolus gallowayi Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus gentingensis Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus guineensis Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Guinea), Odontacolus harveyi Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus heratyi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Fiji), Odontacolus heydoni Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus irwini Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Fiji), Odontacolus jacksonae Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus kiau Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Papua New Guinea), Odontacolus lamarcki Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Thailand), Odontacolus madagascarensis Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Madagascar), Odontacolus mayri Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus mot Valerio & Austin sp. n. (India), Odontacolus noyesi Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus pintoi Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus schlingeri Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Fiji), Odontacolus sharkeyi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Thailand), Odontacolus veroae Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Fiji), Odontacolus wallacei Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus whitfieldi Valerio & Austin sp. n. , Odontacolus zborowskii Valerio & Austin sp. n. , and Odontacolus zimi Valerio & Austin sp. n. (Madagascar). In addition, all species of Cyphacolus are here transferred to Odontacolus: Odontacolus asheri  comb. n. (Sri Lanka), Odontacolus axfordi  comb. n. , Odontacolus bhowaliensis (Mani & Mukerjee) comb. n. (India), Odontacolus bouceki  comb. n. , Odontacolus copelandi  comb. n. , Odontacolus diazae  comb. n. (Kenya), Odontacolus harteni  comb. n. , Odontacolus jenningsi  comb. n. , Odontacolus leblanci  comb. n. (Guinea), Odontacolus lucianae  comb. n. , Odontacolus normani  comb. n. , Odontacolus sallyae  comb. n. , Odontacolus tessae  comb. n. , Odontacolus tullyae  comb. n. , Odontacolus veniprivus (Priesner) comb. n. (Egypt), and Odontacolus watshami  comb. n. . Two species of Odontacolus are transferred to the genus Idris F\u00f6rster: Idris longispinosus (Girault) comb. n. and Idris amoenus (Kononova) comb. n., and Odontacolus doddi Austin syn. n. is placed as a junior synonym of Odontacolus spinosus (Dodd). Odontacolus markadicus, previously only known from India, is here recorded from Brunei, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. The relationships, distribution and biology of Odontacolus are discussed, and a key is provided to identify all species.The genera  Odontacolus Kieffer and Cyphacolus Priesner are easily recognized from other platygastroid wasps by the obvious lateral compression of the T1 horn in the female. Previously considered to be relatively rare based on material available in collections, recent intensive collecting using Malaise and yellow-pan traps has revealed that some species of Odontacolus are moderately common. The likely phylogenetic affinities of the genera based on morphology are somewhat equivocal , with a dark infuscate patch at the fore wing margin, and the distal venation being absent, Odontacolus does not possess any obvious synapomorphies, and thus may be paraphyletic with respect to the former genus.The taxonomic status of both genera has largely been stable since their description, in part because they have received little attention. Cyphacolus Project information. This work is a product of the Platygastroidea Planetary Biodiversity Inventory, a project funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation . One of the primary objectives of this project is to use biodiversity informatics tools to accelerate the taxonomic process and to make real-time collaboration possible within the community of researchers with appropriate expertise. Details on the data associated with these specimens may be accessed at the following link: purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/hol, and entering the identifier . All the life sciences identifiers (LSIDs) may be resolved at http://lsid.tdwg.org (i.e. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:85B4E914-30E6-481C-8678-766A449E5B62). Species descriptions were developed and generated using the cybertool vSysLabPageBreaklecting data for specimens are available at Hymenoptera On-Line (http://hol.osu.edu), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (http://www.gbif.org) and in the Darwin Core ArchiveThe specimen localities, except for the holotypes, are not included in full in the article\u2019s text to avoid repetition of the data and to save publication space. The full colTerms. Morphological terminology follows Odontacolus gentingensis sp. n. (s sp. n. . AbbreviHymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (http://glossary.hymao.org). Identifiers in the format HAO_XXXXXXX represent concepts in the HAO in August 2012 and are provided to enable readers to confirm their understanding of the concepts being referenced. The identifier can also be used as a URI  by appending the identifier to \u2018http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/\u2019 (e.g. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000124), which resolves to the HAO\u2019s community-based resource that includes additional images, notes, and other metadata. The external hyperlinks are explicitly cited in the endnotes so that users of the printed version of the paper have access to the same resources. As possible the external information conforms to standards developed and maintained through the organization Biodiversity Information Standards (Taxonomic Database Working Group). All new species have been registered with Zoobank (http://www.zoobank.org), and other taxonomic names, where appropriate, have been retrospectively registered.Appendix I list terms associated with identifiers in the Illustrations and data citation. Images were taken with a JVC 3 CCD camera (model KY-575U) attached to a Leica Z16 APO with a Planapo 1.0\u00d7 objective alone or in combination with a 2\u00d7 magnifying lens. Specimens were illuminated with a 4 channel LED dome light from Advanced Illumination. Figures were produced using Auto-Montage Pro versions 5.10 and post-processed with Adobe Photoshop CS5. All images are archived at MorphbankPhylogenetic analysis. For the phylogenetic analysis Idriss. str. , Idris (Ceratobaeus) , and Idris floris (Kononova & Fursov) were used as outgroups; Idris floris was used to root the tree. The ingroup comprised 1) all 36 species of Old World Odontacoluss.str. treated herein, 2) 13 of the 16 species of Cyphacolus treated by Valerio et al. (2011), and 3) six Neotropical species: Odontacolus flavissimus Megyaszai and Odontacolus szaboi Megyaszai and four undescribed species: Od_sp. 4 (OSUC 246525), Od_sp. 5 (OSUC 246524), Od_sp. 6 (OSUC 253001) and Od_sp. 7 (OSUC 233343).PageBreakmens for some species, and from the literature for others . Only character 9  was uninformative under the parsimony criterion. Characters 37 (ovipositor shape) and 41  where coded directly from speciers e.g. . The anaers e.g.  under thCyphacolus species (tree not shown). The dataset clearly is very homoplasious, and so to explore possible relationships further, we compared the 50% majority rule consensus (MR) tree  form a grade at the base of the tree; there is a single large clade (A) with relative low support (65%) which contains Cyphacolus and 19 Odontacolus species, while the remaining taxa form a polytomy. In the IW tree the taxa in clade B largely correspond to clade A in the MR tree but with some exceptions, and Clade C encloses Cyphacolus plus Odontacolus bouceki, Odontacolus gallowayi, Odontacolus harveyi and Odontacolus zborowskii. The six Neotropical species occur in different places between the two trees but always with some taxa occurring among the Old World Odontacolus (i.e. Odontacolus sp. 7). In the MR tree four species  are found in clade A but as a paraphyletic grade, while in the IW tree these same species are found througthout clade B, and Odontacolus sp. 6 and Odontacolus sp. 7 are found basally within Clade B next to Odontacolus sp. 4. Further, in the IW tree the Fijian species, which are among very few taxa that lack any traces of notauli, form a monophyletic group within clade B with Odontacolus kiau and Odontacolus baeri. This placement of these species would seem to make more sense biogeographically, given they are endemic to an isolated oceanic island, rather than three of them being at the base of the Odontacolus + Cyphacolus clade (as in the MR tree).Maximum parsimony analysis resulted in 10,000 trees of 348 steps . The strict consensus tree is largely unresolved except for a monophyletic group containing all 13 MR) tree  with thaMR) tree . In bothPageBreakCyphacolus, though they differ in their specific relationships. In the MR Cyphacolus seems to be the sister clade to the species Odontacolus australiensis, Odontacolus berryae, Odontacolus harveyi, Odontacolus zborowskii and Odontacolus gallowayi, while in the IW tree just Odontacolus harveyi, Odontacolus zborowskii and Odontacolus gallowayi form a paraphyletic clade being sister to Cyphacolus and Odontacolus australiensis, Odontacolus berryae are place at the base of the Cyphacolus + Odontacolus clade. Interestingly, these five species have a short stigmal vein (r-rs), the head is moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, and they have somewhat setose eyes. These characters are also shared between other Odontacolus and Cyphacolus species. One of the main characters previously used to differentiate Cyphacolus from Odontacolus was its convex distal fore wing surface and conspicuous constriction at the base of the wing. However, it is now evident that this wing shape is also found in some Odontacolus species  although not as pronounced.In both trees the same group of Australian species is sister to PageBreakPageBreakCyphacolus always being nested within Odontacolus, however the relationships among the most basal taxa for the clade Odontacolus + Cyphacolus clade varied among the trees. Also, the number of Odontacolus species placed as sister species to the Cyphacolus clade changes.Additionally, the topology of the IW trees for K=5 and K=7 were similar to that for K=3, with Odontacolus species form a monophyletic group with respect to Cyphacolus. Rather it seems highly likely that the latter genus is nested within Odontacolus and renders it paraphyletic. For this reason we place Cyphacolus as a junior synonym of Odontacolus, syn. n., and refer to it hereafter as the Odontacolus veniprivus species group. All species of Cyphacolus are here transferred to Odontacolus: Odontacolus asheri  comb. n. (Sri Lanka), Odontacolus axfordi  comb. n. , Odontacolus bhowaliensis (Mani & Mukerjee) comb. n. (India), Odontacolus bouceki  comb. n. , Odontacolus copelandi  comb. n. , Odontacolus diazae  comb. n. (Kenya), Odontacolus harteni  comb. n. , Odontacolus jenningsi  comb. n. , Odontacolus leblanci  comb. n. (Guinea), Odontacolus lucianae  comb. n. , Odontacolus normani  comb. n. , Odontacolus sallyae  comb. n. , Odontacolus tessae  comb. n. , Odontacolus tullyae  comb. n. , Odontacolus veniprivus (Priesner) comb. n. (Egypt), and Odontacolus watshami  comb. n. .Although the relationships inferred from the data are not particularly robust, it is difficult to entertain a scenario in which all Kiefferurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:846E9F7C-5402-4A83-8D9F-226A12BAEDD5urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:525http://species-id.net/wiki/OdontacolusPageBreakOdontacolusOdontacolus Kieffer and CeratobaeusAshmead]; De Santis 1980: 313 [catalog of species of Brazil]; Austin 1981: 88 ; Galloway and Austin 1984: 6, 92 ; Austin 1988: 176 [keyed]; Johnson 1992: 443 [catalog of world species]; Kononova 1992: 132 [description]; Masner and Denis 1996: 90 [keyed]; Kononova and Kozlov 2001: 340, 401 ; Loi\u00e1cono and Margar\u00eda 2002: 557 [catalog of Brazilian species]; Austin and Iqbal 2005Cyphacolus and OdontacolusKieffer 1910a: 294. Original description. Type species: : 100, 104 ; Kieffer 1912a: 54 [redescribed as new]; Kieffer 1912b: 88 [description]; Dodd 1914a: 59 [keyed]; Kieffer 1926: 132, 145 ; Muesebeck and Walkley 1956CeratobaeoidesDodd 1913: 337. Original description. Type species: : 59 [keyed]; Dodd 1914b: 125 [description]; Kieffer 1926: 264, 273 ; Muesebeck and Walkley 1956: 341 [citation of type species]; Masner 1976: 65 [taxonomic status]; Austin 1981Odontacolus urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BED2BB8F-3D3B-4D20-975E-4441CA26154FOdontacolus urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:9359Cyphacolussyn. n.Priesner 1951Odontacolus urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:85B4E914-30E6-481C-8678-766A449E5B62Odontacolus urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:468Female. Tiny to small wasps, 1.01\u20132.38 mm in length; body slightly elongate, generally moderately slight in form.Head. In anterior view varying in shape from suboval or subtriangular, to elongate and broad in buccal region. Frons smooth or sculptured, median area often defined by difference in sculpture compared to surrounding face, central keel present and often reaching almost to medial ocellus, sometimes virtually absent. Compound eyes large though appearing smaller in species with elongate buccal region, usually setose though sometimes setae tiny and eyes appearing glabrous. Mandibles with three teeth, normally subequal in size, sometimes with middle tooth slightly longer or lower tooth slightly shorter. Head in lateral view rather narrow, tapering to mouth, particularly in species with elongate malar region. Head in dorsal view curved around anterior mesosoma. Occiput well exposed. Ocelli usually large, touching or close to orbital margin. Occipital carina complete dorsally, sometimes faint because of surrounding sculpture. Antenna 7-segmented, clava large and appearing unsegmented or with distinct suture lines so that clava comprises 4 segments.Mesosoma. Mesoscutum wider than long, usually flat or virtually so, sometimes dorsally convex. Notauli usually present as distinct grooves reaching no more than about half way to anterior margin of mesoscutum, sometimes virtually absent or hidden by coarse longitudinal sculpture. Mesoscutellum either flat or transverse, with posterior margin usually straight medially, or dorsally convex and semicircular or oval in shape. Propodeum with pair of broad, elongate spines which are blunt or truncate apically and flank the T1 horn.PageBreakWings. Macropterous, never brachypterous. Fore wing narrow basally, broad in apical half, sometimes fore margin sinuate and surface of apical half convex (spoon-shaped) and molded to convex dorsal surface of metasoma (i.e. subelytriform). Fore wing venation with tubular submarginal (Sc+R) and stigmal veins (r-rs), marginal vien (C+R) very short, postmarginal vein (R1) very short or absent; in Odontacolus veniprivus species group venation lacking except for incomplete submarginal vein, with pronounced infuscate patch at position of marginal (C+R) and stigmal veins (r-rs). Fore wing color varying from hyaline to having dark infuscate bands.Metasoma in dorsal view subpedunculate. T1 square or longitudinally slightly longer than wide (rarely more transverse), with parallel or slightly curved lateral margins. Metasoma widest in posterior half; in lateral view dorsal surface slightly to strongly convex. T1 with large, laterally compressed hornlike process  which reaches to level of posterior mesocutellum or higher. T3 the largest tergite, slightly longer than T2, sometimes subequal in length with T2. Ovipositor at least 1.5\u00d7 length of metasoma, with shaft curled back on itself within rounded head of the T1 horn. Gonoplacs elongate, approximately 0.75\u00d7 length of metasoma.Male. Antenna short, 11-segmented, often appearing to be 9- or 10-segmented as distal antenomeres are closely joined, distal antenna becoming progressively broader so as to be subclavate. Metasomal horn absent, but anterior part of T1 inflected upwards.Odontacoluss.l. can be distinguished from all other genera of Platygastroidea by three unique characters: T1 of the female has a laterally compressed T1 horn ; the ovipositor is retracted within the metasoma and curled around within the curved head of the T1 horn so that it forms an elongate, U-shape ; Odontacolus whitfieldi has been reared from an unknown spider from China (specimens in UCRC), while Odontacolus harteni has also been reared from an unknown spider from Pakistan (specimens in BMNH) .Like other members of the in BMNH) . AlthougPageBreakOdontacolus species, we predict that females employ their long ovipositor to parasitize host eggs from outside the egg sac, by pushing the ovipositor through the silk wall, in a similar way as has been described for Idris (Ceratobaeus) species  during a recent visit to the UASK was able to examine a female paratype and confirm that the species does indeed belong to Idris.The previously described species  Girault  and OdonValerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B4944AC-A130-4024-846C-9FABEF79D61Aurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254265http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_africanusFemale. Body length: 1.51\u20131.85 mm (n=4). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, sparsely granulate ventrally. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout; with fan-like striae, striae not extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina; slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: anterior half coriaceous, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spines: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: with dense, well-defined longitudinally costate sculpture reaching just half of its width. Metapleuron sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: mainly smooth, with sparse, setigerous punctulae. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.Male. Body length: 1.36 \u2013 1.60 mm (n=3). Body color: head, mesoscutum, edges of T1\u2013T2, T4\u2013T6 dark brown, reminder of terga light honey yellow as remainder of mesosoma. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: upper half with transverse carinae mixed with granulae, remainder of scrobe smooth. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: large, oblong in shape. Vertex posterior area sculpture: densely granulose. Occipital carina dorsal area: cristate, conspicuously present. Netrion: well-defined, suboval. Sculpture of mesepisternum: absent (smooth). Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with thin, longitudinal carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: conspicuously elongate. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45\u00b0 with respect to anterior margin of wing. Sculpture of T2: mesal area with weal longitudinal carinae, remainder of tergum with longitudinal carinae mixed with coriaceous sculpture.Odontacolus africanus is very similar to Odontacolus anningae, but the latter species can be identified by the body being completely yellow and the mesal area of T2 with a conspicuous smooth area, and the remainder of the tergum with thin, somewhat sparse, well-defined, longitudinal costae throughout their length, and without coriaceous sculpture in the background.This species is named in reference to its broad distribution across southern and east Africa.32SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Eshowe, VI-1926, R. E. Turner, OSUC 238419 (deposited in BMNH). PageBreakParatypes:  CAMEROON: 1 female, OSUC 238442 (BMNH). CONGO: 1 female, OSUC 381663 (OSUC). GUINEA: 1 female, OSUC 238724 (CNCI). KENYA: 64 females, 2 males, OSUC 321891 (BMNH); OSUC 238444, 238447, 238519, 238550, 238572, 238576\u2013238577, 238723, 238725, 238729, 238732\u2013238733, 238735\u2013238737, 238739, 238741\u2013238742, 238747\u2013238750, 238752\u2013238755, 238758\u2013238764, 321886 (CNCI); OSUC 238522, 238555, 238565, 238567\u2013238568, 238573, 238582, 238722, 238726, 238730, 238738, 238757 (NMKE); OSUC 238520, 238740, 238745, 238751 (OSUC); OSUC 238438, 238514, 238727, 238731, 238734, 238743, 238746, 238765\u2013238766, 267295\u2013267297, 381662 (USNM); OSUC 238744, 412089 (WINC). MADAGASCAR: 12 females, 1 male, OSUC 238436\u2013238437, 321888 (BMNH); CASENT 2042644\u20132042645, 2134801, 2134824, 2135994, 2137871, 2137902 (CASC); CASENT 2042643, 2079135, 2135721 (OSUC). MOZAMBIQUE: 1 female, OSUC 339606 (CNCI). SOUTH AFRICA: 4 females, OSUC 321889\u2013321890 (BMNH); OSUC 238720\u2013238721 (CNCI). UGANDA: 2 females, OSUC 238427, 238446 (CNCI). ZIMBABWE: 2 females, OSUC 238425, 238439 (CNCI).Holotype female: The holotype has the posterior right leg detached from the body and glued to the triangle; the right side wings are detached and in a gelatin capsule; the left antenna is missing. Most of the paratypes are in perfect condition.In some female specimens the color pattern differs from that described above, the metasoma is a slightly lighter tone of dark brown compared to the head or the mesosoma (i.e. OSUC 238763). Additionally, the mesal area of T2 normally is covered by fine, dense, longitudinal costae (as in the holotype) but some specimens exhibit a smooth area with weak coriaceous sculpture in the background , or a narrow smooth area with the lateral areas of the tergite with weak, longitudinal costae mixed with weak coriaceous sculpture in the background.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:155D7A01-D442-4E06-B1FB-F36E3B5F50CCurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254276http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_aldrovandiiFemale. Body length: 1.75 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1, A5\u2013A7 light yellow, remainder of antenna light honey yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: with weak rugulose sculpture mixed with granulate sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Shape of medial area of vertexmedial area of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: present, well-defined but small . Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely granulose, ventral 1/4 with broad costae. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: finely longitudinally costate, granulate laterally. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulose. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: S3 weakly coriaceous, S4\u2013S6 mainly smooth with few, sparse, setigerous punctulae sculpture. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus known from Nepal so far. It has a small but evident lagrimal as in Odontacolus mot; however, the lagrimal is not as large as in Odontacolus gentingensis. Odontacolus aldrovandii can be distinguished from Odontacolus mot by its smaller body size and the honey yellow coloration of the metasoma. In Odontacolus mot the metasoma in mainly dark brown except for the light orange T1.This is the only species of This species is named to honor the Renaissance Italian naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi. The epithet is used as noun in the genitive case.34NEPAL nr. Birganj, Lothar, 450ft. 13\u201319.ix.1967, Malaise trap No.84, Canadian Nepal Expedition, OSUC 239210 (deposited in CNCI).Holotype female: The holotype is in good condition except that the right hind wing and right antennal clava are missing.PageBreakValerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B77B5DD6-5506-40AE-AC8E-BFA080D09E00urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:281688http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_anningaeFemale. Body length: 1.39 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: completely yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, sparsely granulate ventrally. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: coriaceous throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Shape of medial area of vertexmedial area of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly rugulose mixed with granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: longitudinally costate on weakly coriaceous background. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.PageBreakMetasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: largely coriaceous, smooth mesally. Sculpture of T3: smooth mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: S3 weakly coriaceous, S4\u2013S6 mainly smooth with few, sparse, setigerous punctulae sculpture. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus baeri is very similar to Odontacolus africanus and Odontacolus anningae but can be distinguished from them by the absence of the S2 anterior carina. Both Odontacolus africanus and Odontacolus anningae have a clearly divided S2 anterior carina, but Odontacolus anningae is mainly yellow in body color, contrasting with Odontacolus africanus which is completely dark brown.The species This species is named after the great British fossil hunter Mary Anning. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.36CAMEROON: Nkoemvom, 18.IX.1988, Malaise trap, D. Jackson, OSUC 238445 (deposited in BMNH).Holotype female: The female holotype is in perfect condition.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E7C36F8-C43C-41E8-AE10-AEDA1994DA2Furn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254263http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_australiensisFemale. Body length: 1.46 \u2013 1.62 mm (n=5). Antenna color: completely yellow except distal half of clava slightly darker than remainder of antenna. Body color: mostly dark brown except posterior edge of metasomal terga yellowish. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Shape of medial area of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: minute. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with rugulose sculpture mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: strongly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina; slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: transversely costate. Netrion: absent, obscured by longitudinal sculpture of lateral pronotum. Notaulus: present, with crenulae that extend completely through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately 2/5\u00d7 length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: midtransverse area smooth, otherwise with cristate, longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, broad. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: smooth. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: meson and posterior margin smooth, otherwise longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.Male. Body length: 1. 39 mm (n=1). Body color: Antenna yellow as legs, metasoma light brown, head dark brown as mesosoma, fore wing with light infuscate color, no dark bands present. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: mesal area smooth, remainder with weakly coriaceous sculpture mixed with weak rugulose sculpture except upper 1/6 more rugulose than coriaceous. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: minute, very round. Vertex posterior area sculpture: with dense, small granulate sculpture. Occipital carina dorsal area: well-defined, conspicuously present. Netrion: practically absent by presence of longitudinal carinae on pronotal lateral areas. Sculpture of mesepisternum: mostly weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with dense, fine, straight, transverse carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: short. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of almost 90\u00b0. Sculpture of T2: medially smooth, sublateral areas with semi-curved longitudinal carinae.PageBreakOdontacolus australiensis can be separated from Odontacolus gallowayi by the deep impressed notauli that exhibit few sparse crenulae throughout their length in combination with its brown body color; Odontacolus gallowayi has a shallow notauli with dense crenulae throughout their length, and its body color is yellow.This is one of two species within a group of taxa in which the netrion is obscured and its marginal crenulae are not well-defined, the mesoscutum is completely sculptured, the mesoscutellum is never with smooth areas, and has short, dense setation. This species is named after the collection locality of the species, Australia. The epithet is used as an adjective.38Eucalyptus stellulata Sieber .On tree trunk of AUSTRALIA: ACT, Canberra, 8.VII.1966, band trap, A. Wilson, OSUC 239116 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 22 females, 4 males, OSUC 239143 (AMSA); OSUC 239118\u2013239128, 239142 (ANIC); OSUC 239129 (BMNH); OSUC 239133\u2013239136, 239138\u2013239141 (CNCI); OSUC 239131 (QDPC); OSUC 148638, 239130, 239132 (WINC). Other material: AUSTRALIA: 1 female, OSUC 239117 (WINC).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition; all paratypes are in good condition except for specimen OSUC 239143 which is missing the metasoma.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:91C397A0-1C4B-4A32-9A55-DF5A889F3290urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:281689http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_baeriFemale. Body length: 1.44 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: mainly yellow, T1 horn dark brown, anteromesal mesoscutum honey yellow. Coxae color: whitish yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): whitish yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height). Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: coriaceous throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: smooth. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly, finely coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: densely, finely, longitudinally costate, weakly coriaceous sublaterally. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulose. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: absent.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus africanus and Odontacolus anningae but can be separated from them by the absence of the S2 anterior carina. Both Odontacolus africanus and Odontacolus anningae have a clearly divided S2 anterior carina.This species is very similar to This species is named after the amazing German biologist Karl Ernst von Baer. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.40AUSTRALIA: NT, Holmes Jungle, rainforest / litter, Q.M. Berlesate No. 93, Berrimah, 12\u00b025'S, 130\u00b055'E, 7.VII.1979, sieved litter, G. Monteith, OSUC 238430 (deposited in QMBA).Holotype female: The female holotype is in perfect condition.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A6EA78EA-F23C-4E80-ACF7-E0AA9A79E39Durn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254262http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_berryaeFemale. Body length: 1.52 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1\u2013A2 honey yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: completely dark brown, metasoma lighter in color than head or mesosoma. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with abundant areolate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: strongly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with conspicuously elongate (clearly larger than crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: transversely costate. Netrion: absent, obscured by longitudinal sculpture of lateral pronotum. Notaulus: present, with crenulae that extend completely through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately 2/5\u00d7 length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: distinctly widened . Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: midtransverse area smooth, otherwise with cristate, longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: smooth. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: meson and posterior margin smooth, otherwise longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T3: smooth mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.This species may be distinguished from all others with an obscured netrion by the combination of the very wide notauli that have a few, broad and well-defined crenulae; the mesoscutum broadly smooth in its posterior half; and the mesoscutellum mesally with a smooth patch and its conspicuously long but somewhat sparse setae.PageBreakThis species is named after our entomological colleague Dr Jo Berry from New Zealand. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.42Trite planiceps Simon  in New Zealand.Recorded as an egg parasitoid of NEW ZEALAND: Gisborne Unit. Auth., Gisborne Dist., grape vines / corrugated cardboard, Manutuke, 25.I.1990, J. G. Charles, OSUC 238563 (deposited in NZAC). Paratypes:  AUSTRALIA: 2 females, OSUC 239137 (CNCI); OSUC 238564 (QDPC). NEW ZEALAND: 9 females, OSUC 238528, 238537, 238544 (LUNZ); OSUC 238560 (OSUC); OSUC 238509, 238545, 238549, 238580, (NZAC); 238587 (WINC). NORFOLK ISLAND: 1 female, OSUC 238515 (ANIC).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition as are the remainder of the paratypes except for specimen OSUC 238564 which is covered with dust.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6E58CAAC-BF18-49F3-AE76-EF9EA9564E59urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254277http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_boseiFemale. Body length: 1.11 \u2013 1.56 mm (n=20). Antenna color: clava and A2 light honey yellow, remainder of antenna yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: with weak rugulose sculpture mixed with granulate sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with rugulose sculpture mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth, longitudinally carinate ventrally; mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: anterior half coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulate. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus markadicus, but can be distinguished by the completely dark brown body and the conspicuously crenulate lateral occipital carina. In Odontacolus markadicus the body color is yellow and the lateral occipital carina is mainly smooth.This species is very similar to This species is name after the amazing Bengali painter Nandalal Bose, recipient of the \u201cPadma Vibhushan\u201d. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.44INDIA: Karnataka St., Bangalore, 1.VII-10.VII.1988, pan trap, K. Ghorpade, OSUC 239193 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes:  INDIA: 31 females, OSUC 238773-238779, 238784-238792, 238794-238802, 238807-238808, 239194 (CNCI); OSUC 238780-238781, 238783 (OSUC). MALAYSIA: 1 female, OSUC 239158 (CNCI). SRI LANKA: 1 female, OSUC 239204 (CNCI).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition as are most of the paratypes except for specimen OSUC 238789 which has the left fore wing glued to the point, and OSUC 238790 which has the metascutellum detached from the body.PageBreakValerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A0F1D450-8E8B-46D8-B941-96FEFE39981Furn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254270http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_cardaleaeFemale. Body length: 1.65 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: mostly yellow, propodeum, propodeal anterior spines, T1 horn dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: with weak, sinuate, transverse ridges throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with abundant areolate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae sculpture. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: covered by sinuate, transverse, fine costae. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, with crenulae that extend completely through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: rugulose throughout. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 without longitudinal costae.PageBreakWings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: transversely carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus cardaleae belongs to a group having the occipital carina separated from the orbital carina, a well-defined netrion, a central keel on the frons, and well-defined notauli. However, Odontacolus cardaleae is the only species in the group that has a few broad crenulae across the notauli and the antennal scrobes with transverse sinuate ridges. Odontacolus heydoni can be separated from Odontacolus cardaleae by its large ocelli .Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:07961E9D-C67B-415A-A854-7A70FC9B8F9Furn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254272http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_darwiniFemale. Body length: 1.22 \u2013 1.78 mm (n=5). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: head dark brown, mesosoma, T1 , anterior 1/3 of T2 light orange, remainder of metasoma dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin.PageBreakterior ocellus; present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: with sparse, fine, dorsoventral carinae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, not looking - linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: densely, finely granulate, posterior 1/4 more coarsely coriaceous. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: sparsely longitudinally costate.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulose. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.This species is easily identified based on its unique color pattern; there is no other known species that has the head and metasoma black in combination with an orange mesosoma and yellow legs.This species is named after the famed British biologist Charles Robert Darwin. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.48THAILAND: Nakhon Nayok Prov., behind vegetable garden, T149, Khao Yai National Park, 14\u00b024.761'N, 101\u00b022.815'E, 19.VII\u201326.VII.2006, Malaise trap, P. Sandao, OSUC 233092 (deposited in QSBG). PageBreakParatypes:  MALAYSIA: 3 females, OSUC 239206\u2013239207 (CNCI); OSUC 239208 (WINC). THAILAND: 10 females, OSUC 247787, 339582, 339603 (OSUC); OSUC 250602, 339576, 339581, 339583, 339589 (QSBG); UCRC ENT 135102, 135138 (UCRC).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition. Paratype OSUC 250602 is smaller in size than other specimens, and also has the mesal area of T2 smooth, the anterior mesal area of T3 mainly smooth with the exception of some weak, sparse longitudinal costae contrasting with the rest of specimens in which the sculpturing of T3 is as follows: anterior third is weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally but otherwise granulose. Specimen OSUC 339589 has the metasoma lighter in color than other specimens.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1879B39-5334-4E71-A5E1-5A0082DCD8BDurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254328http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_dayiFemale. Body length: 1.68 mm (n=1). Antenna color: clava and A2 light honey yellow, remainder of antenna yellow. Body color: head and metasoma beyond T1 dark brown, mesosoma and T1 honey yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, sparsely granulate ventrally. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: with sparse, short fan-like striae, striae not extending into scrobal area, mixed with weak coriaceous sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: slightly depressed. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: coarsely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: anterior half weakly, longitudinally costate, coriaceous mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus dayi.This is the only known species that has a longitudinally depressed vertex. In the Neotropics there is one undescribed species (in CNCI) with a very conspicuous longitudinal depression on the vertex, but the general sculpture of the body is very different from This species is named after the hymenopterist M. C. Day, now retired from the Natural History Museum, London. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.50INDONESIA: Maluku Prov., Ceram (Seram) Isl., Solea, VIII\u20131987, M. C. Day, OSUC 238418 (deposited in BMNH).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E956719F-F685-4677-AEEF-F8A6E20F9B76urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254260http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_gallowayiFemale. Body length: 1.49mm (n=2). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with abundant areolate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely covered by longitudinal costae except upper 1/5 foveate. Netrion: absent, obscured by longitudinal sculpture of lateral pronotum. Notaulus: present, with low crenulae that do not extend through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: sparsely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: smooth. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: largely longitudinally costate, meson smooth, weakly granulate laterally. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus australiensis can be separated from Odontacolus gallowayi by the deep impressed notauli that exhibit few sparse crenulae throughout their length in combination with its brown body color; Odontacolus gallowayi has a shallow notauli with dense crenulae throughout its length, and its body color is yellow.This is one of two species within a group of taxa that has an obscured netrion, notaular crenulae poorly defined, and the mesoscutum completely sculptured (without smooth areas) and entirely covered by short, abundant setae. PageBreakThis species is named after the Australian hymenopterist I. D. Galloway. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case52AUSTRALIA: QLD, via Julatten, Mount Lewis, 28.III.1976, I. D. Galloway, OSUC 238000 (deposited in QMBA). Paratype: AUSTRALIA: 1 female, OSUC 237999 (QDPC).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition; the paratype has the right hind wing and metasoma detached but glued to a card point.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3ACBDD21-9C7B-4537-A2B8-875F2578D3AAurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254259http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_gentingensisFemale. Body length: 1.88 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: head yellow, mesosoma mostly yellow, mesoscutum anteromesally and posterolaterally dark honey yellow, metasoma mainly dark honey yellow, sublateral areas of T3 yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: less than 0.5\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: conspicuously present . Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: smooth or nearly so. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: anterior half coriaceous, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: transversely costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 with sparse longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate, posterior margin smooth. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus species based on the large and conspicuous lagrimal in combination with the occipital carina which is almost touching the orbital carina.This species can be easily distinguished from all other This species is named after the Genting Tea Estate, Malaysia from where the species was collected. The epithet is used as an adjective.54MALAYSIA: Pahang St., Genting Tea Estate, 2000ft, VII\u20131985\u2013VIII\u20131985, Malaise trap, W. Budenberg, OSUC 237935 (deposited in CNCI).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:29CCAAFE-F71F-44F3-89A5-D35DD067BA57urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254257http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_guineensisFemale. Body length: 2.38 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: with weak, sinuate, transverse ridges throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with abundant areolate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: weakly punctate, smooth posteroventrally. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: depressed. Lateral propodeal area: coarsely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex sharply acute. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: longitudinally costate on weakly coriaceous background. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: sparsely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 without longitudinal costae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate, posterior margin smooth. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: weakly, longitudinally costate mixed with setigerous punctulae. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus in which the netrion is present and the occipital carina almost touches the orbital carina by the interrupted S2 anterior carina, and the depressed posteromesal area of the mesoscutellum.This species can be distinguished from all other This species is named after the African country from which it was collected. The epithet is used as an adjective.56PageBreakGUINEA: Lola Pref., rainforest, Mount Nimba, 07\u00b041 \u2013 42'N, 08\u00b023'W, 514\u2013740m, XII\u20131990\u2013III\u20131991, flight intercept trap, L. Leblanc, OSUC 237933 (deposited in CNCI).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition.(Dodd)urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4FED7ED3-8261-4A5F-A3E6-BE95A8419ADEurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:4947http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_hackeriCeratobaeoides hackeriDodd 1913: 337 ; Dodd 1914aOdontacolus hackeriFemale. Body length: 1.75 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely dark brown. Body color: head and metasoma honey yellow except for T1 horn which is darker than remainder of metasoma color, mesosoma yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly rugulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height). Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: coriaceous throughout. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly rugulose mixed with granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.PageBreakWings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: transversely carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus hackeri can be distinguished from all other Australian Odontacolus species by the short, smooth notauli; a well-defined netrion; a central keel being present, sculptured antennal scrobe; a short, broad T1 horn which has conspicuously transverse carinae on its posterior face; and by the flat vertex.58Ceratobaeoides hackeri: AUSTRALIA: QLD, among undergrowth, Brisbane, 26.IV.1913, H. Hacker, QMBA HY1630 (deposited in QMBA).Holotype female, The holotype is slide mounted and partly destroyed .Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC5B30E0-0542-45AB-A6E1-13A378F1C1BAurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254264http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_harveyiFemale. Body length: 1.50 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1\u2013A5 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: head and body honey yellow, metasoma mainly dark honey yellow, T1 (except horn) and most of T3 yellow. Coxae color: honey yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): honey yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: covered by sinuate, transverse, fine costae. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae not extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: minute. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with sparse punctate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: only with weakly rugulose sculpture.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), weakly defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: transversely costate. Netrion: absent, obscured by longitudinal sculpture of lateral pronotum. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately 0.5\u00d7 length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: granulose, posteriorly with conspicuous smooth areas. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth or nearly so. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: midtransverse area smooth, otherwise with cristate, longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, broad. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: smooth. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: meson and posterior margin smooth, otherwise longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T3: coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.This species can be separated from all other species with an obscured netrion by the subtriangular area below the eyes (seen in anterior view) that narrows towards the mandibles, unsculptured notauli, and non-ornamented occipital carina.Hymenoptera. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.This species is named after our colleague and arachnologist Dr Mark Harvey from the Western Australian Museum, who also manages to collect numerous parasitic 60AUSTRALIA: WA, airport site, PA 5, Perth, 31\u00b058'03\"S, 115\u00b058'11\"E, 11.XI\u20136.I.1994, pitfall trap, J. M. Waldock, K. Goodsell & J. Webb, OSUC 237921 (deposited in WAMP). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 12 females, OSUC 237917 (OSUC); OSUC 237918\u2013237919, 237922\u2013237929 (WAMP); OSUC 237930 (WINC).Holotype female: The holotype is in good condition except for the right wings which are missing. The paratypes are in good condition except OSUC 237919 which has the metasoma detached and glued to the wings.In some female specimens the color of the mesoscutum varies from completely yellow to almost completely brown. Additionally, the color of the lateral portions of the T1 horn may vary from completely yellow to almost completely light brown.PageBreakValerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:892F4167-310A-425E-B414-C0FE8360761Durn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254268http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_heratyiFemale. Body length: 1.40 \u2013 1.82 mm (n=3). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head and mesosoma dark brown, T1 almost completely honey yellow, metasoma otherwise brown, lighter in color than head or mesosoma. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly rugulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: with weak rugulose sculpture mixed with granulate sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: less than 0.5\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with abundant areolate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: absent. Length of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Width of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly rugulose mixed with granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.PageBreakMetasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: absent.Male. Unknown.This species can be distinguished from the other species from Fiji, all of which lack notauli, by the convex mesosoma, and the short distance between the posterior ocellus and occipital carina (approximately 0.5\u00d7 the ocellar diameter).This species is named after our friend and colleague Dr John Heraty, from the University of California, Riverside. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.62FIJI: Western Div., Ba Prov., Viti Levu Isl., Eteni, FJ_11a, Navai, 17\u00b037'S, 177\u00b059'E, 700m, 15.V\u20132.VII.2003, malaise trap, M. Irwin, E. Schlinger & M. Tokota\u2019a, FBA029316 (deposited in BPBM). Paratypes: FIJI: 3 females, FBA014379, FBA041608 (BPBM); OSUC 237934 (CNCI).Holotype female: The holotype and paratypes are in perfect condition.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D42F907-EA56-4875-91C8-96330AFB3F4Burn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254271http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_heydoniFemale. Body length: 1.69 \u2013 1.98 mm (n=3). Antenna color: completely yellow except distal half of clava slightly darker than remainder of antenna. Body color: mostly yellow, distal half of T1, margins and mesal areas of T2\u2013T3, T4\u2013T6 honey yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus heydoni belongs to a group of species that has the occipital carina separated from the orbital carina, a well-defined netrion, a central keel on the frons, and well-defined notauli. Along with Odontacolus cardaleae it is the only species in the group that has a few, broad crenulae across the notauli and the antennal scrobes with transverse sinuate ridges. Odontacolus heydoni can be separated from Odontacolus cardaleae by its large ocelli . Paratypes: THAILAND: 2 females, OSUC 238768 (CNCI); OSUC 268731 (OSUC).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition as are the paratypes except for OSUC 238768 which has the right antenna missing. Some specimens have the body color completely yellow and without darker areas on the metasomal terga.PageBreakValerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FFD246F0-54BE-4DCD-92BD-1C7671D55D35urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254275http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_irwiniFemale. Body length: 1.04 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head and mesosoma dark brown, metasoma honey yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly granulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height). Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: with weak rugulose sculpture mixed with granulate sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), weakly defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, well-developed, not looking linear. Notaulus: absent. Length of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Width of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: smooth. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.PageBreakMetasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: meson and posterior margin smooth, otherwise longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: mainly smooth, with sparse, setigerous punctulae. S2 anterior carina: absent.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus veroae by the cicatrose sculpture on the posterior sublateral areas of the mesoscutum, the remainder of the sclerite having dense, weak, granulate sculpture; and the large body size (1.47\u20131.71 mm). Additionally, within the Fijian group of species, Odontacolus irwini can be separated from Odontacolus heratyi by the wider space between the occipital carina and the ocular carina, and from Odontacolus schlingeri by the convex mesosoma.This species can be distinguished from This species is named after the dipterist Dr Mike Irwin, who collected the type series. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.66FIJI: Western Div., Ba Prov., Viti Levu Isl., Eteni, FJ_11D, Navai, 17\u00b037'S, 177\u00b059'E, 700m, 24.X\u20138.XI.2003, Malaise trap, M. Irwin, E. Schlinger & M. Tokota\u2019a, FBA021030 (deposited in BPBM). Paratypes: FIJI: 3 females, FBA014433 (BPBM), FBA059072 (FNIC); FBA074688 (OSUC).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition as are the paratypes.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F80D0041-7F6D-47ED-9D3F-80007373DFB8urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254256http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_jacksonaeFemale. Body length: 1.75 \u2013 1.78 mm (n=2). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: honey yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): legs yellow with hind femora honey yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, sparsely granulate ventrally. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: with sparse, short fan-like striae, striae not extending into scrobal area, mixed with weak coriaceous sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: contiguous or nearly so, subequal to width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: dorsally punctate, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: coarsely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex sharply acute. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly, finely coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: finely longitudinally costate, granulate laterally. Sculpture of T3: smooth mesally, area flanking mesal smooth area weakly costate in anterior third, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4\u2013S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus jacksonae can be separated from Odontacolus gentingensis by having a reduced lagrimal; in Odontacolus gentingensis the lagrimal is larger and very conspicuous.Within the group of species with a netrion present, the occipital carina almost touching the orbital carina, and having a sculptured gena, Hymenoptera for the BMNH in Cameroon, including this species. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.This species is named after Ms Dorothy Jackson, who collected 68CAMEROON: Nkoemvom, IV-1980\u2013V-1980, D. Jackson, OSUC 238415 (deposited in BMNH). Paratypes:  CAMEROON: 13 females, OSUC 238414, 238416, 238432\u2013238433, 238440\u2013238441, 238443, 321892\u2013321893, 321896(BMNH); OSUC 321898(WINC); OSUC 238420, 238434 (CNCI). GUINEA: 2 females, OSUC 238417 (BMNH); OSUC 238431 (CNCI). MADAGASCAR: 2 females, CASENT 2079143 (CASC); OSUC 229796 (OSUC).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition as are the paratypes.PageBreakValerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EEC2DDAA-3DB7-4427-AF41-30B897C3BA96urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:280211http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus\u2013kiauFemale. Body length: 1.68 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: dark brown. Leg color (excluding coxae): honey yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges.Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height). Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 without longitudinal costae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.PageBreakMetasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on weak coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4\u2013S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: absent.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus kiau is very similar to Odontacolus whitfieldi, but the former lacks an anterior transverse carina on S2; Odontacolus whitfieldi has this carina complete and cristate. Thesespecies belong to a group that have short, smooth notauli, a well-defined netrion, a central keel on the frons, and the sculpture of the frons always has transverse costae. Additionally, Odontacolus kiau can be separated from Odontacolus mayri by the dark brown coxae and the slightly bulging torular triangle observed on the former; in Odontacolus mayri the coxae are yellow and the torular triangle is flat.Odontacolus. The name is used as a noun in apposition.This species is named after the East New Britain word \u2018kiau\u2019 (in Kuanua language) which means \u2018egg\u2019, and refers to the stage of the host parasitized by 70PAPUA NEW GUINEA: East New Britain Prov., DPI base camp, Baining Mountains, 04\u00b026.36'S, 151\u00b049.02'E, 28.X\u201311.XI.1999, flight intercept trap, A. Mararuai & M. Kalamen, OSUC 239159 (deposited in CNCI).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A7EDDF35-0A42-47C0-AB41-14FCA5812BBDurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:280244http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_lamarckiFemale. Body length: 1.19 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head and metasoma honey yellow except for T1 horn which is darker than remainder of metasoma color, mesosoma yellow. Coxae color: whitish yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: completely absent. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), weakly defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: smooth mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus wallacei this is the only other species without a medial facial keel in combination with a well-defined netrion, and the occipital carina being separated from the orbital carina. Odontacolus lamarcki can be separated from Odontacolus wallacei by the short distance between the occipital carina and the lateral ocellus ; in Odontacolus wallacei the distance between the occipital carina and the lateral ocellus is approximately equal to or greater than 1.2\u00d7.Along with This species is named after the great French zoologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.72THAILAND: Phetchabun Prov., mixed deciduous forest, T1398, Khao Kho National Park, 16\u00b039.589'N, 101\u00b008.185'E, 168m, 19.I\u201326.I.2007, Malaise trap, S. Chachumnan & S. Singtong, OSUC 339597 (deposited in QSBG).Holotype female: The holotype specimen is in good condition.PageBreakKiefferurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E67B7102-8BE1-4519-8509-63FAEF48E40Curn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:4948http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_longicepsOdontacolus longicepsKieffer 1910a: 294 ; Kieffer 1912aFemale. Body length: 1.29 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: mostly dark brown, head and dorsal mesosoma darker than remainder of body, T1 and anterior margin of T2 yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: completely absent. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: coriaceous. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly coriaceous. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth; with strong, oblique ridges laterally. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.PageBreakMetasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: smooth. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: mainly smooth, with sparse, setigerous punctulae. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus with smooth, short notauli and a well-developed netrion by the combination of the completely dark brown body, the nearly smooth posterior portion of the mesoscutum (between the notaulus and tegula), and the nearly smooth posterior 1/3 and mesal region of the mesoscutellum.This species can be easily separated from all other 74SEYCHELLES: Mah\u00e9 Island, 1908\u20131909, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.400 (deposited in BMNH).Holotype female: The holotype is in good condition except that the right hind wing and right antenna are detached from body and glued to the point.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8C05170C-EC87-47C4-8339-FB13F6CAD954urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254269http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_madagascarensisFemale. Body length: 1.25 mm (n=2). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: largely smooth, with sparse coriaceous sculpture close to compound eyes. Sculpture of malar space: largely smooth, coriaceous sculpture present near compound eyes (somewhat weak). Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: coriaceous. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: coriaceous dorsally, otherwise smooth.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: coriaceous. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly coriaceous. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate, posterior margin smooth. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: mainly smooth, with sparse, setigerous punctulae. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus species by the combination of the completely smooth gena, the well-defined netrion, the presence of notauli, and the confused, dense rugulose sculpture of the lateral propodeum.This species can be distinguished from all other This species is named after the island from which the species was collected, Madagascar. The epithet is used as an adjective.76MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa Auto. Prov., Belle Vue trail, Ranomafana National Park, 21\u00b015.99'S, 47\u00b025.21'E, 1070m, 10.XII\u201325.XII.1999, Malaise trap, M. E. Irwin, OSUC 238728 (deposited in CASC). Paratype: MADAGASCAR: 1 female, CASENT 2134814 (CASC).Holotype female: The holotype and paratype are in perfect condition.Veenakumariurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:200E9F3D-87EC-49AF-AEB7-7A7981B1277Aurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254255http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_markadicusPageBreakFemale. Body length: 1.15 \u2013 1.72 mm (n=15). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head, mesosoma, T1 (except horn), anterior portion of T2 yellow, metasoma otherwise dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout; weakly coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: coriaceous throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: distinctly widened; narrow. Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: finely longitudinally costate, granulate laterally. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds weakly longitudinally costate, posterior third weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4\u2013S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.PageBreakMale. Body length: 1.45 mm (n=1). Body color: completely yellow. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: with weak coriaceous sculpture except dorsal area with sinuate, transverse carina below anterior ocellus. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: large, oblong. Vertex posterior area sculpture: densely granulate. Occipital carina dorsal area: present, cristate. Netrion: well-defined, suboval. Sculpture of mesepisternum: coriaceous. Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with few, straight, fine transvers carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: conspicuously elongate. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45\u00b0. Sculpture of T2: with weak longitudinal carinae mixed with weak coriaceous sculpture.Odontacolus bosei and Odontacolus mot. Odontacolus markadicus may be distinguished from Odontacolus bosei bythe yellow body color and the lateral occipital carina which is mainly smooth; in Odontacolus bosei by the body is completely dark brown and the lateral portion of the occipital carina is conspicuously crenulate. In turn, Odontacolus markadicus may be separated from Odontacolus mot by its smaller size (1.74 mm or less vs. 1.92 mm), the different sculpture on the upper frons , and by the even distribution of setae on the metasoma.This species is very similar to 78Not examined: Holotype, female, INDIA: Karnataka: Bengaluru: Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, 29.xii.2009 at an elevation of 910m  emerged from spider eggs (ICAR); Paratypes: 8 females, data same as holotype ; 1 male Karnataka: Bengaluru: Adugodi, 23.vi. 2011  (ICAR).BRUNEI: 1 female, OSUC 321894 (BMNH). INDIA: 15 females, OSUC 238769\u2013238770, 238772, 239190\u2013239192, 239195\u2013239197, 239199\u2013239201 (CNCI); OSUC 238771, 239198, 239202 (OSUC). MALAYSIA: 3 females, OSUC 238767, 239209, 239213 (CNCI). THAILAND: 7 females, 1 male, OSUC 238803\u2013238805, 239212 (CNCI); OSUC 261831, 261852, 268732(OSUC); OSUC 321806 (WINC). VIETNAM: 2 females, OSUC 239211 (CNCI); OSUC 248896 (ROME).28 females, 1 male: Odontacolus markadicus is based on comparision of the additional material (listed above) with the images and description in We were unable to obtain any of the type series, and so our interpretation of Odontacolus markadicus in every respect.When taking all of the available material into account some variation is evident in the females of this species: the antennal clava can be completely yellow or the distal half of the clava slightly darker, and the vertex and mesoscutum vary from completely yellow to slightly honey yellow in color. In addition, the specimens: OSUC 239209, OSUC 239211\u2013 239213, OSUC 238767, OSUC 238803-238805, OSUC 248896, OSUC 250858, OSUC 261831, OSUC 261852, OSUC 268732, OSUC 321806 and OSUC 321894 differ from the remaining material by having the body completely yellow, but otherwise they match PageBreakValerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57EEE8E8-ED2D-4881-8D34-9983B683FD93urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:284013http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_mayriFemale. Body length: 1.40 \u2013 1.90 mm (n=14). Antenna color: completely yellow except distal half of clava slightly darker than remainder of antenna. Body color: mainly yellow, T5\u2013T7 slightly darker. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges.Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well-developed, not looking linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.PageBreakMetasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: largely longitudinally costate, meson smooth, weakly granulate laterally. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulose. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus mayri can be separated from Odontacolus kiau and Odontacolus whitfieldi by its completely yellow body and the weakly granulose sculpture of the mesoscutum.Thisspecies belongs to a group that has short, smooth notauli, a well-defined netrion, central keel present, and sculptured antennal scrobe always with transverse costae in the background. Within this group Etymology. This species is named after the German biologist Ernst Walter Mayr. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.80THAILAND: Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov., Laem Sala Beach, T3012, Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, 12\u00b012.234'N, 100\u00b000.767'E, 6.VII\u201313.VII.2008, Malaise trap, Amnad & Yai, OSUC 321876 (deposited in QSBG). Paratypes:  INDONESIA: 1 female, OSUC 321895 (BMNH). THAILAND: 12 females, OSUC 339596, 339599 (CNCI); OSUC 268733, 321872, 321874, 374179 (OSUC); OSUC 250611, 250857\u2013250858, 250860, 266235(QSBG); OSUC 339595 (WINC).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08D833F9-97C9-4787-BCCE-D865270E9F5Aurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:283809http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_motFemale. Body length: 1.92 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head, mesosoma, T1 (except horn), anterior portion of T2 yellow, metasoma otherwise dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: covered by sinuate, transverse, fine costae. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: present, well-defined but small . Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate, posterior margin smooth. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds weakly longitudinally costate, posterior third weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4\u2013S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus markadicus; however, Odontacolus mot differs from it by the larger body size (1.92 mm vs. 1.74 mm or less), the broader transverse sinuate carinae on the upper frons (in Odontacolus markadicus the sculpturing is completely absent or if present then the carinae are thin and straighter than in Odontacolus mot), and by the denser and less evenly distributed setae on the metasoma. Additionally, T2 in Odontacolus mot is more quadrate, while it is more elongate and less broad posteriorly in Odontacolus markadicus.This species is very similar to The name of this species is an arbitrary combination of letters and is used as a noun in apposition.82INDIA: Tamil Nadu St., Coimbatore, 7.XI.1979, Boucek, OSUC 239205 (deposited in BMNH).Holotype female: PageBreakOdontacolus mot and Odontacolus markadicus could be associated with the difference in body size. However, since Odontacolus mot also differs in metasomal setation and sculpture, we have chosen to treat them as separate species until additional material of Odontacolus mot is available.The holotype is in perfect condition. The differences between Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2323FDC8-52FD-4358-8D00-3ED8A50F7449urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254258http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_noyesiFemale. Body length: 1.54 \u2013 1.83 mm (n=2). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: mostly yellow, T1 horn and T4\u2013T6 dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.Head. Size of compound eye: reduced, approximately less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: coriaceous throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, with crenulae that extend completely through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth; longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 without longitudinal costae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: anterior half weakly longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous, microsculpture strongest medially. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus that has the compound eyes unusually small, approximately 1/3 of the height of the head.This is the only species of This species is named after our friend and colleague, the chalcid specialist and great insect collector Dr John Noyes from the Natural History Museum, London. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.84INDIA: Karnataka St., Bannerghatta National Park, 5.XI.1979, Bou\u010dek & Noyes, OSUC 237932 (deposited in BMNH). Paratype: INDONESIA: 1 female, OSUC 237931 (CNCI).Holotype female: The holotype has the left legs separate and glued to the point. Otherwise it is in good condition. The paratype in perfect condition: it has the metasoma completely honey yellow and the remainder of the body, including the legs, yellow.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E872D1A1-2C3C-4322-B08A-02957BA46B17urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254267http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_pintoiFemale. Body length: 1.06 \u2013 1.25 mm (n=7). Antenna color: antennal clava dark brown, otherwise yellow. Body color: mostly dark brown, T1 (except dark brown horn) and anterior portion of T2 yellow. Coxae color: honey yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: basal half hyaline, otherwise weakly infuscate.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: largely smooth, with sparse, weak, fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: minute. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: coriaceous dorsally, otherwise smooth.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: transversely costate. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: coriaceous. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth or nearly so. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: smooth. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: meson and posterior margin smooth, otherwise longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T3: sublaterally weakly longitudinally costate in anterior third, otherwise smooth. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.Male. Body length: 1.27 \u2013 1.30 mm (n= 3). Body color: antenna yellow as legs and T1, remainder of metasoma dark brown as dorsal mesosoma as head, remainder of body dark honey yellow. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: with weakly sinuate, fine, weak dorsoventral carinae, except area below anterior ocellus with granulate sculpture. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: minute, very round. Vertex posterior area sculpture: dense granulate sculpture. Occipital carina dorsal area: cristate, conspicuously present. Netrion: well-defined, suboval, broad longitudinal carinae present before netrion. Sculpture of mesepisternum: absent (smooth). Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with few, sinuate, transverse carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: conspicuously elongate. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45\u00b0. Sculpture of T2: mesal area smooth, remainder of tergum with weak longitudinal carinae.PageBreakOdontacolus pintoi can be distinguished from all other species that have an obscured netrion in combination with the elongate and broad ventral portion of the head (below the eyes in anterior view) (or view)  by the mThis species is named after the trichogrammatid specialist Dr John Pinto, formerly of the University of California, Riverside. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.86Clubiona cycladata Simon (Araneae: Clubionidae) under the bark of eucalypt trees . Paratypes:  AUSTRALIA: 54 females, 4 males, OSUC 239044\u2013239054, 239064\u2013239067, 239069, 239075\u2013239076, 239090, 239097, 239103 (ANIC); OSUC 239085\u2013239088 (BMNH); OSUC 238542, 239072, 239100\u2013239102 (CNCI); OSUC 239099 (OSUC); OSUC 239070\u2013239071, 239073\u2013239074, 239096, 239106\u2013239107, 239109\u2013239115 (QDPC); OSUC 239055\u2013239063, 239092\u2013239095 (WINC). NEW ZEALAND: 8 females, OSUC 239082 (LUNZ); OSUC 239077\u2013239081, 239083\u2013239084 (NZAC). NORFOLK ISLAND: 17 females, OSUC 239031\u2013239042, 239068, 239089, 239104\u2013239105 (ANIC); OSUC 239091 (QDPC). Other material: AUSTRALIA: 1 female, OSUC 239043 (ANIC).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition; the paratypes are for the most part in very good condition except for OSUC 239063 and OSUC 239074 which have the heads detached from body and glued to the point, and OSUC 239046 which is missing the metasoma. Some females have a different color pattern in that the whole body is dark brown with the anterior edge of T1 (except the horn), T2 and the legs yellow.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:016D0F23-8713-48A2-AD18-6C9D83FA1DE4urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254274http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_schlingeriFemale. Body length: 1.47 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely whitish yellow. Body color: head and mesosoma dark brown, head lighter in color than mesosoma, metasoma mostly whitish yellow, T1 dark honey yellow, T2 light honey yellow anteriorly. Coxae color: whitish yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): whitish yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly granulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height). Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: conspicuously flattened. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: absent. Length of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Width of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose, carinae thin in shape. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: rugulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: smooth. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: smooth. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: absent.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus species lacking notauli by the conspicuous dorsoventrally depressed mesosoma.This species can be distinguished from all other This species is named after the dipteran expert Dr Evert Schlinger, collector of this species. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.88FIJI: Central Div., Rewa Prov., Viti Levu Isl., 3.8km N Veisari Settlement, MT2, logging road to Waivudawa, 18.079\u00b0S, 178.363\u00b0E, 300m, 12.XII\u20133.I.2003, Malaise trap, Schlinger & Tokota\u2019a, FBA104329 (deposited in BPBM).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition.PageBreakValerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F72B6124-C01B-444F-BC75-43323B09FA8Furn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:275238http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_sharkeyiFemale. Body length: 1.28 \u2013 1.60 mm (n=9). Antenna color: A1 lighter in color than remainder of dark brown antennomeres. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: dark brown. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges.Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: present. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: coarsely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: midtransverse area smooth, otherwise with cristate, longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.PageBreakMetasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: smooth. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulose. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4\u2013S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Unknown.This is the only known species to have a furrow at the lateral areas of the antennal scrobes in combination with a completely dark brown body.This species is named after our friend and colleague, hymenopterist Dr Mike Sharkey from the University of Kentucky. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.90THAILAND: Chanthaburi Prov., Prabad Unit, 120m to bridge, T3957, Khao Khitchakut National Park, 12\u00b049.15'N, 102\u00b007.13'E, 219m, 16.X\u201323.X.2008, Malaise trap, Sutthida & Charoenchai, OSUC 321869 (deposited in QSBG). Paratypes: THAILAND: 26 females, OSUC 339587 (CNCI); OSUC 339588, 339590\u2013339592, 339598, 339600\u2013339601, 339604\u2013339605, 339607, 374180 (OSUC); OSUC 247710, 250612, 251977, 261748, 321867\u2013321868, 321870\u2013321871, 321873, 321887, 339577, 339579, 339586 (QSBG); OSUC 336787 (WINC).Holotype female: The holotype is in perfect condition except for the left antenna which is detached from the body but glued to the point; the paratype specimens are in good condition.(Dodd)urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:87C08D6D-E3EC-4FB0-B3B6-EB60BC0CC15Aurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:4951http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_spinosusCeratobaeoides spinosusDodd 1914bOdontacolus spinosusCeratobaeoides longicepsDodd 1913: 338 ; Dodd 1914aOdontacolus spinosus urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:91260D13-006C-4F64-B6EF-15C984A4EB1FOdontacolus spinosus urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:9360Odontacolus doddiSyn. n.Odontacolus spinosus urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E815E65F-BD05-4045-BEF3-4FFF3445D1CDOdontacolus spinosus urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:4946PageBreakFemale. Body length: 1.09 \u2013 1.63 mm (n=20). Antenna color: antennal clava dark brown, otherwise yellow; distal 2/3 of antennal clava dark brown, otherwise yellow. Body color: mainly yellow, except for occiput, mesoscutum midanterior and lateral areas and mesepisternum lower area dark brown, T1 horn black, and T4\u2013T6 honey yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly rugulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly rugulose mixed with granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: rugulose throughout. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly, finely coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: sparsely longitudinally costate.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: anterior half weakly, longitudinally costate, coriaceous mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.PageBreakMale. Unknown.Odontacolus spinosus can be separated from all other Australian Odontacolus species by the short and unsculptured notauli in combination with a well-defined netrion, central keel present on the frons, sculptured antennal scrobes, small lateral ocelli, and the long distance between the lateral ocellus and the occipital carina, approximately 1.2\u00d7 the ocellus diameter.92Ceratobaeoides longiceps: AUSTRALIA: QLD, among undergrowth, Brisbane, 26.IV.1913, H. Hacker, QMBA HY1631 (deposited in QMBA). Holotype female, Ceratobaeoides spinosus: AUSTRALIA: QLD, forest, Childers, 2.VII.1914, sweeping, A. P. Dodd, SAMA DB 32-001530 (deposited in SAMA). Other material: AUSTRALIA: 31 females, OSUC 239167, 239173, 239180, 239182 (ANIC); OSUC 239153, 239165\u2013239166, 239174, 239177, 239184, 339575 (CNCI); OSUC 239188 (OSUC); OSUC 238011, 239015, 239154, 239164, 239168\u2013239172, 239175\u2013239176, 239179, 239183, 239185\u2013239186 (QDPC); OSUC 239017 (QMBA); UCRC ENT 171076\u2013171077 (UCRC); OSUC 239189 (WINC).Holotype female, Odontacolus spinosus has the head and most of the wings detached from the body; the head and first pair of legs are glued to the point; the remainder of the legs has the distal tarsomeres missing. The holotype of Odontacolus doddi is slide mounted and the specimen was partly destroyed in the process.The holotype of The following color variations occur in this species: the body ranges from yellow with the tips of the propodeal spines and T1 horn dark brown to mostly dark brown with the posterior area of the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum light yellow. The occipital carina of the specimens OSUC 239180 and OSUC 239173 is present but very fine which renders it difficult to see; in all other specimens it is well developed. The sculpture also varies between the anterior propodeal spines, from being completely smooth to completely punctate in some specimens with darker color . The sculpture of the mesal portion of T2 varies from in the development of the costae. In any case there is always coriaceous background sculpture.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8C19EABF-FCA1-498D-989C-6E918DB53408urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254273http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_veroaeFemale. Body length: 1.47 \u2013 1.71 mm (n=3). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.PageBreakHead. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly granulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: contiguous or nearly so, subequal to width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: uncertain, with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: absent. Length of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Width of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Sculpture of mesoscutum: rugulose, mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 without longitudinal costae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: smooth. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: absent.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus veroae is very similar to Odontacolus irwini but can be distinguished from it by the cicatrose sculpture of the posterior sublateral portions of the mesoscutum, the remainder of the mesoscutum having dense, weak, granulate sculpture; and the large body size (1.47\u20131.71 mm) of Odontacolus irwini. Additionally, within the Fijian species, Odontacolus irwini can be separated from Odontacolus heratyi by the larger space between the occipital carina and the ocular carina, and from Odontacolus schlingeri by the convex mesosoma.The species This species is named after Veronica Valerio, sister of the first author. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.PageBreak94FIJI: Northern Div., Cakaudrove Prov., Taveuni Isl., FJ-9, Devo Forest Reserve, 16\u00b050'S, 179\u00b059'E, 800m, 3.I\u201310.I.2003, malaise trap, M. Irwin, E. Schlinger & M. Tokota\u2019a, FBA042201 (deposited in BPBM). Paratypes: FIJI: 13 females, FBA030104, FBA030106, FBA030114, FBA081512, FBA081515, FBA084170 (BPBM); FBA021043, FBA039550, FBA049221 (CNCI); FBA014430, FBA104362 (FNIC); FBA081513, FBA182160 (OSUC).Holotype female: The holotype has all but one leg missing, but otherwise is in perfect condition; the paratypes are in good condition. The color of the metasoma varies from completely dark brown (matching the color of the head and mesosoma) to being conspicuously lighter than the head and mesosoma. The color of the antenna may vary from yellow to brown.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:122C0426-04B2-4079-87AB-A532A6C126ECurn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254261http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_wallaceiFemale. Body length: 1.01 \u2013 1.64 mm (n=9). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: head and mesosoma yellow, metasoma honey yellow with T1 horn dark brown, T3 whitish yellow, T4\u2013T6 darker in color than T1\u2013T2. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: completely absent. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: coriaceous throughout. Sculpture of malar space: coriaceous throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: minute. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: with sparse, broad, smooth costate sculpture reaching just half of its width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 with sparse longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: anterior 2/3 longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.Male. Body length: 1.53 mm (n=1). Body color: yellow except anteromedian area of mesoscutum trough anterior 2/3 of its length honey-yellow. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: mainly smooth medially throughout height, remainder with coriaceous sculpture. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: large, round. Vertex posterior area sculpture: densely granulose. Occipital carina dorsal area: cristate, conspicuously present. Netrion: well-defined, suboval. Sculpture of mesepisternum: absent (smooth). Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with dense, thin longitudinal carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: conspicuously elongate. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45\u00b0 with respect to anterior margin of wing. Sculpture of T2: mesal area with weak, longitudinal carinae, sublateral areas with weak longitudinal carinae mixed with coriaceous sculpture.Odontacolus lamarcki this is the only other species without a central keel on the frons in combination with a well-defined netrion, and the occipital carina being separated from orbital carina. The species Odontacolus wallacei has the occipital carina separated from the lateral ocellus by approximately equal to or greater than 1.2\u00d7 which contrasts with the much shorter distance present on Odontacolus lamarcki .Along with This species is named after the great English naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace: long live his legacy! The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.96INDONESIA: Sulawesi Utara Prov., Kotamobagu, 1300m, V-1985, Malaise trap, J. S. Noyes, OSUC 238001 (deposited in BMNH). PageBreakParatypes:  AUSTRALIA: 11 females, OSUC 239018\u2013239022 (ANIC); OSUC 239023 (CNCI); OSUC 239014 (QDPC); OSUC 239016 (QMBA); OSUC 239024\u2013239026 (WINC). INDONESIA: 8 females, OSUC 238002, 238006, 238012 (CNCI); OSUC 148683\u2013148684, 238003\u2013238005 (WINC). MALAWI: 1 male, OSUC 238013 (BMNH). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 8 females, OSUC 238007\u2013238010, 239027, 239030 (CNCI); OSUC 239028\u2013239029 (OSUC).Holotype female: The holotype generally is in good condition: the left front and hind legs are glued to the point, and the right hind leg is covered in glue. The metasomal color pattern varies between specimens from almost completely yellow (i.e. OSUC 238004) to being mostly honey yellow with whitish areas on T3 and dark brown T4\u2013T6 (i.e. OSUC 238001). In some specimens (i.e. OSUC 239020) the upper area of the T1 horn is dark brown with the remainder of the metasoma yellow, and the mesoscutum  being a honey yellow color mesally.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A81CB2CA-F023-4392-AB4E-81C6BA9BB7B6urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:278397http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_whitfieldiFemale. Body length: 1.35 \u2013 1.97 mm (n=9). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges.Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina; slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: with sparse, broad, smooth costate sculpture reaching just half of its width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4\u2013S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.Male. Body length: 1.29 \u2013 1.37 mm (n=5). Body color: antenna yellow as legs, head, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metasoma dark brown, remainder of body light honey-yellow. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: lower mesal area smooth, remainder with weak coriaceous sculpture mixed with somewhat sinuate carinae , except area below anterior ocellus with granulose sculpture. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: small, round. Vertex posterior area sculpture: with dense, small granulae. Occipital carina dorsal area: cristate, conspicuously present. Netrion: well-defined, suboval. Sculpture of mesepisternum: with few, thin, transverse carinae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with few, thin transverse carinae, otherwise mainly smooth. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: conspicuously elongate. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45\u00b0. Sculpture of T2: mostly smooth, lateral areas with few sparse longitudinal carinae.Odontacolus whitfieldi is very similar to Odontacolus kiau but the former has a complete S2 anterior carina; Odontacolus kiau lacks this carina. Thesespecies belong to a group that have short and smooth notauli, a well-defined netrion, a central keel present on the frons and sculptured antennal scrobes always with transverse costae; within this group Odontacolus mayri can be separated from Odontacolus whitfieldi and Odontacolus kiau by its completely yellow body and the weakly granulose sculpture of the mesoscutum.This species is named after our friend and colleague, the microgastrine systematist Dr Jim Whitfield at the University of Illinois. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.98INDONESIA: Sulawesi Utara Prov., Toraut, forest edge, Bogani Nani Wartabone (Dumoga-Bone) National Park, 15.VI\u201320.VI.1985, Malaise trap, OSUC 239160 (deposited in CNCI). PageBreakParatypes:  CHINA: 13 females, 5 males, UCRC ENT 171075, 171078\u2013171094 (UCRC). INDIA: 3 females, OSUC 321899 (BMNH); OSUC 238793, 238806 (CNCI). INDONESIA: 3 females, OSUC 238423, 238426, 239181 (CNCI). MALAYSIA: 5 females, OSUC 239157, 239162, 239178 (CNCI); OSUC 239187 (OSUC); OSUC 239161 (WINC). THAILAND: 18 females, OSUC 239156 (BMNH); OSUC 261747 (CNCI); OSUC 250856, 261746, 266234, 280625 (OSUC); OSUC 239163, 247709, 250610, 250859, 321866, 321875, 339578, 339580, 339584\u2013339585, 339593, 339602 (QSBG). VIETNAM: 1 female, OSUC 278520 (RMNH).Holotype female: Holotype specimen is in perfect condition. Most of paratype specimens are in good condition.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:182717E1-B89D-494B-9708-7056A17AA949urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:254266http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus_zborowskiiFemale. Body length: 1.45 \u2013 1.52 mm (n=6). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: mostly yellow, mesopleuron, metapleuron and posterior area of T1\u2013T3 dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: largely hyaline, with transverse infumate band below stigma vein.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: with weak, sinuate, transverse ridges throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height); present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: covered by sinuate, transverse, fine costae. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae not extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with sinuate, transverse, fine ridges. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2\u00d7 width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with dense, fine transverse costae across its width. Sculpture of gena: with sinuate dorsoventral costae.PageBreakMesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: transversely costate. Netrion: absent, obscured by longitudinal sculpture of lateral pronotum. Notaulus: present, with low crenulae that do not extend through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately equal to or greater than 2/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: distinctly widened . Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose, carinae somewhat broad in shape. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: anterior 1/3 with weak granulae, otherwise with rugulae. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: midtransverse area smooth, otherwise with cristate, longitudinal carinae.Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, broad. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: anterior fourth longitudinally costate, otherwise smooth. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.Male. Body length: 1.39 \u2013 1.58 mm (n= 3). Body color: antenna light yellow as metasoma and legs, head honey-yellow; mesosoma dark brown; fore wing with a conspicuous dark band just before stigmal vein, remainder of fore wing lightly infuscate. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: lower, mesal area smooth, remainder of scrobe with weak coriaceous sculpture. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: small, very circular in shape. Vertex posterior area sculpture: with dense, setigerous punctulate sculpture. Occipital carina at dorsal area: present, not conspicuously present. Netrion: practically absent by presence of longitudinal carinae on pronotal lateral areas. Sculpture of mesepisternum; absent (smooth). Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with dense, fine, sinuate, transverse carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: short. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45\u00b0 with respect to anterior margin of wings. Sculpture of T2: mainly smooth except lateral areas with few, sparse, weak carinae.Odontacolus species with an obscured netrion by the well-defined and wide notauli with clearly defined large crenulae throughout, the broad rugulose sculpture on frons and mesoscutum, and the yellow body color.This species can be separated from all This species is named after the Australian entomologist and invertebrate photographer Paul Zborowski. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.100AUSTRALIA: QLD, Heathlands, 11\u00b045'S, 142\u00b035'E, 25.VII\u201318.VIII.1992, Malaise trap, P. Zborowski & J. Cardale, OSUC 237939 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 57 females, 3 males, OSUC 237938, 237940\u2013237943, 237945\u2013237948, 237950\u2013237956, 237958\u2013237973, 237976\u2013237998, 238424 (ANIC); OSUC 237949, 237957, 237975 (OSUC); OSUC 237944 (WINC).Holotype female: PageBreakThe holotype is in perfect condition as are the paratypes. In some specimens (e.g. OSUC 237956) the area between the propodeal anterior spines has some dark honey yellow color instead of the typical yellow.Valerio & Austinsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1347681A-D163-4666-BB0C-4F223B654C6Durn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:302168http://species-id.net/wiki/Odontacolus zimiFemale. Body length: 1.49 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head and mesosoma dark brown, head darker than mesosoma, metasoma light honey yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2\u00d7 height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate , but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: coriaceous throughout. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae not extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: minute. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5\u20131.2\u00d7 maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3\u00d7 width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: coriaceous. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: contiguous or nearly so, subequal to width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: coriaceous dorsally, otherwise weakly rugulose.Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: dorsal 2/3 punctate, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of `notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow . Sculpture of mesoscutum: anterior half coriaceous, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.PageBreakWings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: finely costate, nearly smooth laterally. Sculpture of T3: smooth mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3\u2013S6: S3 weakly coriaceous, S4\u2013S6 mainly smooth with few, sparse, setigerous punctulae sculpture. S2 anterior carina: absent.Male. Unknown.Odontacolus jacksonae, but the body of this species is completely dark brown in contrast with the honey yellow metasoma and dark brown head and mesosoma of Odontacolus zimi.This species can be separated from all the species which have the occipital carina almost touching the orbital carina by the absence of the S2 anterior carina, the posterior medial area of the mesoscutellum not depressed, and the complete absence of the lagrimal. The closest species is Odontacolus oviposit. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.This species is named after the anime character \u2018Invader Zim\u2019, in reference to the invasion of the spider egg sacs that occurs when 102MADAGASCAR: Prov. Antsiranana, Sakalava Beach, dwarf littoral for., 10m, 15.ii\u20136.iii.2001 Malaise, across sandy trail, R. Harin\u2019Hala coll. MA-01-048-03, 12\u00b015'46\"S, 49\u00b023'51\"E; CASENT 2136841 (CASC).Holotype female: Comments. The holotype is in perfect condition.PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreak"}
{"text": "The Citation is incorrect. The correct Citation is: Powers JF, Korgaonkar PG, Fliedner S, Giubellino A, Pacak K, et al. (2014) Cytocidal Activities of Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitors and 5-Azacytidine against Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Cells in Primary Human Tumor Cultures and Mouse Cell Lines. PLoS ONE 9(2): e87807. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087807"}
{"text": "There was a spelling error in the fourth author's name. The correct spelling is Anne-Marie Carey. The correct citation is: Goodin P, Ciorciari J, Baker K, Carey A-M, Harper M, et al. (2012) A High-Density EEG Investigation into Steady State Binaural Beat Stimulation. PLoS ONE 7(4): e34789. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034789"}
{"text": "The fifth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Thien-Chuong N Phung.The correct citation is: Sabri F, Marchetta JG, Sinden-Redding M, Habenicht JJ, Phung T-CN, et al. (2012) Effect of Surface Plasma Treatments on the Adhesion of Mars JSC 1 Simulant Dust to RTV 655, RTV 615, and Sylgard 184. PLoS ONE 7(10): e45719. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045719"}
{"text": "The second author's name appears incorrectly. The correct name is: Maarof Manira. The correct citation is: Seet WT, Manira M, Khairul Anuar K, Chua K-H, Ahmad Irfan AW, et al. (2012) Shelf-Life Evaluation of Bilayered Human Skin Equivalent, MyDerm\u2122. PLoS ONE 7(8): e40978. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040978"}
{"text": "The first author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Herv\u00e9 Bertin Bisseleua Daghela. The correct citation is: Bisseleua Daghela HB, Fotio D, Yede, Missoup AD, Vidal S (2013) Shade Tree Diversity, Cocoa Pest Damage, Yield Compensating Inputs and Farmers' Net Returns in West Africa. PLoS ONE 8(3): e56115. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056115. The correct abbreviation in Author Contributions is: HBBD."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Nicolas Kerckhove.The correct citation is: Noblanc A, Peltier M, Damon-Soubeyrand C, Kerckhove N, Chabory E, et al. (2012) Epididymis Response Partly Compensates for Spermatozoa Oxidative Defects in snGPx4 and GPx5 Double Mutant Mice. PLoS ONE 7(6): e38565. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038565"}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Ena Wang. The correct citation is: Unlu S, Tang S, Wang E, Martinez I, Tang D, et al. (2012) Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule-Induced microRNAs (DAMPmiRs) in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. PLoS ONE 7(6): e38899. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038899"}
{"text": "AbstractTaperus Li & Wang. A new species, Taperus daozhenensis sp. n., from Guizhou Province, China is described and new records for other Chinese species are given together with a key for their separation. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University (GUGC).                The paper deals with the species of the Oriental leafhopper genus  Taperus was established by Li and Wang in 1994 with Taperus fasciatus Li & Wang as its type species, at same time Li and Wang described two more species, Taperus albivittatus and Taperus apicalis. Subsequently, three new species were described in the genus by .Li & Wanghttp://species-id.net/wiki/TaperusTaperus Taperus fasciatus Li & Wang.                     Taperus is similar to Onukia Matsumura, it differs from this genus in having the median longitudinal carina of vertex very weak, nearly indistinct; area between median carina and submarginal carina of vertex nearly flat rather than concave and male pygofer with rows or groups of stout spine-like macrosetae marginally.                     For detailed generic description see Li & Wanghttp://species-id.net/wiki/Taperus_albivittatusTaperus albivittatus China (Sichuan).Unknown.1\u2642(Holotype): CHINA, Sichuan: Emeishan, Wanniansi, 3 August 1991, coll. Li Zizhong.After reexamining the holotype of this species, we found the count of spine-like processes on the apex of the aedeagus was wrong in the original description, we corrected it in above keys.Li & Wanghttp://species-id.net/wiki/Taperus_apicalisTaperus apicalis China (Guizhou).Unknown.1\u2642(Holotype): CHINA, Guizhou: Shuicheng, 30 September 1987, coll. Li Zizhong.Li & Wanghttp://species-id.net/wiki/Taperus_fasciatusTaperus fasciatus China ; Vietnam.Unknown.1\u2642(Holotype): CHINA, Guizhou: Daozhen, 18 September 1988, coll. Li Zizhong; 20\u2642\u2642, 17\u2640\u2640: CHINA, Guizhou: Leigongshan, Xiaodanjiang, 13~14 September 2005, coll. Li Zizhong & Zhang Bin; 6\u2642\u26427\u2640\u2640: CHINA, Guizhou: Kuankuoshui, Chachang, 10~17 August 2010, coll. Dai Renhuai, Li Hu & Fan Zhihua; 16\u2642\u26427\u2640\u2640: CHINA, Guizhou: Kuankuoshui, Chachang, 14~17 August 2010, coll. Yu Xiaofei; 3\u2642\u2642: CHINA, Guizhou: Kuankuoshui, Chachang, 12 August 2010, coll. Li Yujian; 2\u2642\u2642: CHINA, Hainan: Jianfengling, 10~12 July 2007, coll. Li Yujian; 2\u2642\u2642: CHINA, Guangxi: Huaping, 11 June 1994, coll. Du Yuzhou; 1\u2642: CHINA, Zhejiang: Longquan, 17 June 1980, coll. Tong Xuesong; 3\u2642\u2642: CHINA, Sichuan: Baishuihe, 27 August 2007, coll. Xing Jichun.(Matsumura)http://species-id.net/wiki/Taperus_flavifronsOnukia flavifrons Taperus flavifrons (Matsumura); China ; Japan.Unknown.2\u2642\u2642: CHINA, Hainan: Wuzhishan, 13~15 July 2007, coll. Zhang Bin; 1\u2642: CHINA, Hainan: Wuzhishan, 13~15 July 2007, coll. Li Yujian; 1\u2642: CHINA, Hainan: Diaoluoshan, 16~18 July 2007, coll. Zhang Bin; 1\u2640: CHINA, Hainan: Wuzhishan, 13~15 July 2007, coll. Zhang Hui; 1\u2640: CHINA, Hainan: Wuzhishan, 13~15 July 2007, coll. Song Yuehua; 1\u2640: CHINA, Hainan: Diaoluoshan, 16~18 July 2007, coll. Zhang Hui; 1\u2640: CHINA, Hainan: Diaoluoshan, 16~18 July 2007, coll. Zhang Bin.Zhang, Zhang & Weihttp://species-id.net/wiki/Taperus_bannaensisTaperus bannaensis China .Unknown.1\u2642: CHINA, Hainan: Limuling, 23 May 1997, coll. Yang Maofa.Zhang, Zhang & Weihttp://species-id.net/wiki/Taperus_quadragulatusTaperus quadragulatus China .Unknown.Zhang, Zhang & Weihttp://species-id.net/wiki/Taperus_luchunensisTaperus luchunensis China .Unknown.4\u2642\u2642, 5\u2640\u2640: CHINA, Guizhou: Leigongshan, Xiaodanjiang, 13~14 September 2005, coll. Li Zizhong & Zhang Bin; 1\u2642: CHINA, Hubei: Shennongjia, 13 August 2004, coll. Peng Jingyang.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:35578DE4-6CF7-4389-B007-F306E375AE90http://species-id.net/wiki/Taperus_daozhenensis \u2642: body length: 6.0 mm; head width (incl. eyes): 1.1mm; head length: 0.8mm.Vertex, pronotum and scutellum dark brown; pale median longitudinal band yellow, extending from apex of vertex to posterior margin of pronotum . Face neMale pygofer  nearly tOther characteristics are as shown in Figs 1Holotype: \u2642, China: Guizhou: Daozhen, 17~22 August 2004, coll. Yang Maofa; Paratypes: 2\u2642\u2642, China: Guizhou: Daozhen, 17~22 August 2004, coll. Yang Maofa.The species is named after the locality of the type specimens, Daozhen county.Taperus albivittatus Li & Wang, from which it is distinguished by: aedeagus with pair of subapical retrorse spine-like processes dorsally andPageBreak one big spine-like process on dorsal margin near base. Apex of aedeagusof Taperus albivittatus has three spine-like processes on dorsal margin and four pairs of spine-like process on ventral margin.                    This species resembles"}
{"text": "There is an error in Reference 22. The correct reference is:Chen XP, Yang W, Fan Y, Luo JS, Hong K, et al. (2010) Structural determinants in the second intracellular loop of the human cannabinoid CB(1) receptor mediate selective coupling to G(s) and G(i). Br J Pharmacol 161:1817 -1834"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name is incorrect. The correct name is: Rebecca S. Noe. The correct Citation is: Niederkrotenthaler T, Parker EM, Ovalle F, Noe RS, Bell J, et al. (2013) Injuries and Post-Traumatic Stress following Historic Tornados: Alabama, April 2011. PLoS ONE 8(12): e83038. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083038.The correct abbreviation of the fourth author's name in the Author Contributions is: RSN."}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Mark T. Hamilton. The correct citation is: Newton RL Jr, Han H, Zderic T, Hamilton MT (2013) The Energy Expenditure of Sedentary Behavior: A Whole Room Calorimeter Study. PLoS ONE 8(5): e63171. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063171. The correct abbreviation in Author Contributions is: MTH.In addition, there was an error in Reference 38. The correct reference is: 38. Nguyen T, de Jonge L, Smith SR, Bray GA (2003) Chamber for indirect calorimetry with accurate measurement and time discrimination of metabolic plateaus of over 20 min. Med Biol Eng Comput 41: 572-578."}
{"text": "The authors would like to add Matthias Gunther as the 6th author. The updated byline is: David A. Feinberg1,2,3*, Steen Moeller4, Stephen M. Smith5, Edward Auerbach4, Sudhir Ramanna1, Matthias Gunther1, Matt F. Glasser6, Karla L. Miller5, Kamil Ugurbil4, Essa Yacoub4Matthias Gunther is also affiliated with Fraunhafer-Mevis Institute, Bremen, GermanyThe updated author contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: DAF SMS KU EY. Performed the experiments: DAF SM EA SR MG EY. Analyzed the data: DAF SM SMS EY KLM MFG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DAF SM EA SR SMS MG MFG. Wrote the paper: DAF SM SMS KU EY KLM."}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Nicholas J. Osborne.The correct citation is: Melzer D, Gates P, Osborne NJ, Henley WE, Cipelli R, et al. (2012) Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration and Angiography-Defined Coronary Artery Stenosis. PLoS ONE 7(8): e43378. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043378"}
{"text": "The first author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Nathan C. Donelson. The correct citation is: Donelson NC, Kim EZ, Slawson JB, Vecsey CG, Huber R, et al. (2012) High-Resolution Positional Tracking for Long-Term Analysis of Drosophila Sleep and Locomotion Using the \u201cTracker\u201d Program. PLoS ONE 7(5): e37250. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037250"}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author is incorrect. The correct name is: Ziyan Pessetto. The correct citation is: Yew K-H, Crow J, Hirst J, Pessetto Z, Godwin AK (2013) Epimorphin-Induced MET Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cells to Platinum. PLoS ONE 8(9): e72637. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072637."}
{"text": "The second author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Benedikt Ley. The correct citation is: Thriemer K, Ley B, Ame SS, Deen JL, Pak GD, et al. (2012) Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Typhoid Fever in Pemba, Zanzibar: Assessment of the Performance of the WHO Case Definitions. PLoS ONE 7(12): e51823. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051823"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was misspelled. The correct name is Anna Ferrer-Admetlla. The correct citation is: Fumagalli M, Sironi M, Pozzoli U, Ferrer-Admetlla A, Pattini L, et al. (2011) Signatures of Environmental Genetic Adaptation Pinpoint Pathogens as the Main Selective Pressure through Human Evolution. PLoS Genet 7(11): e1002355. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002355"}
{"text": "The first author's name is misspelled. The correct spelling is: Janjira Thaipadungpanit. The correct citation is: Thaipadungpanit J, Chierakul W, Wuthiekanun V, Limmathurotsakul D, Amornchai P, et al. (2011) Diagnostic Accuracy of Real-Time PCR Assays Targeting 16S rRNA and lipl32 Genes for Human Leptospirosis in Thailand: A Case-Control Study. PLoS ONE 6(1): e16236. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016236"}
{"text": "Jill Spoerke should be included in the author byline. She should be listed as the fifth author, and her affiliation is 1: Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America. The contributions of this author are as follows: Conceived and designed the experiments, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools.The correct citation is: Patel R, Tsan A, Tam R, Desai R, Spoerke J, et al. (2012) Mutation Scanning Using MUT-MAP, a High-Throughput, Microfluidic Chip-Based, Multi-Analyte Panel. PLoS ONE 7(12): e51153. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051153"}
{"text": "AbstractListroderini LeConte, 1876 are analyzed based on 58 morphological characters. The genera are grouped in four clades, which are given subtribal status: Macrostyphlina new subtribe , Palaechthina Brinck, 1948 , Falklandiina new subtribe , and Listroderina . The subtribes are characterized and keys to identify them and their genera are provided. Listroderini have four main biogeographical patterns: Andean (Macrostyphlina), Andean-New Zealand , Andean-Neotropical-Australian (Listroderina) and Andean-Neotropical-Australian-New Zealand-Nearctic-Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands . Geographical paralogy, particularly evident in the Subantarctic subregion of the Andean region, suggests that Listroderini are an ancient Gondwanic group, in which several extinction events might have obscured relationships among the areas.The phylogenetic relationships of the genera of  Cyclominae  from Australia (Listroderini (Rhigopsidius from Rhythirrinini to Listroderini and reassigned the listroderine genus Telurus to the tribe Cylydrorhinini (Entiminae). According to the last checklist , Aphela (Notiomimetini), Rhythirrinus (Rhythirrinini) and Telurus (Cylydrorhinini). Epicthonius (Cyclomini) was used to root the cladograms.he tribe . The outThe 58 morphological characters used in the analysis were taken from external structures (53) and male and female genitalia (5). The distribution of character states is shown in the data matrix . The cha1 Body: length. (0) large to very large (> 15.0 mm); (1) medium-sized (7.1\u201314.9 mm); (2) small to very small (< 7.0 mm) [additive].2 Vestiture: scales. (0) present; (1) absent.3 Vestiture: scale shape. (0) seta-like ; (1) sub4 Vestiture: setae. (0) present; (1) absent.5 Rostrum: shape. (0) stout, very short ; (1) rel6 Rostrum: dorsal carinae. (0) present ; (1) abs7 Scrobes: shape. (0) long, deep, sharply bordered, reaching eyes; (1) short, ill-defined, broad.8 Epistome. (0) poorly demarcated; (1) raised.9 Scrobes: position. (0) dorsolateral to dorsal; (1) lateral.10 Suprascrobal keels. (0) absent; (1) present.11 Scrobes: ventral tooth. (0) absent; (1) present .12 Pterygia. (0) simple, not exposed ; (1) aur13 Mandibles. (0) with one apical cusp; (1) with two apical cusps.14 Mandible and pharyngeal processes. (0); short and strong; (1) long and narrow.15 Mandibles. (0) plurisetose (more than 4 setae); (1) paucisetose (1-4 setae).16 Maxillary malae: teeth. (0) present; (1) absent.17 Eyes: shape. (0) subcircular ; (1) tra18 Eyes: size. (0) large to medium (more than 30 facets); (1) small (10-25 facets); (2) very small (8 or fewer facets) [additive].19 Eyes: position. (0) lateral ; (1) dor20 Eyes: convexity. (0) strong; (1) slight; (2) flat [additive].21 Antennal insertions. (0) distal; (1) at the middle of the rostrum.22 Scapes: length. (0) long (surpassing posterior margin of eyes when resting in scrobe); (1) medium-sized (reaching eyes when resting in scrobe); (2) short (not reaching anterior margin of eyes when resting in scrobe) [additive].23 Funicles: segment 1. (0) elongate; (1) globose.24 Funicles: segments 2. (0) elongate; (1) globose.25 Funicles: relative lengths of segments 1 and 2. (0) 1 longer than 2 ; (1) 1 sPageBreakPageBreak26 Funicles: segments 3\u20136. (0) elongate; (1) globose ( globose .27 Clubs: shape. (0) fusiform; (1) inflated.28 Pronotum: shape. (0) subcircular; (1) transverse; (2) subtrapezoidal; (3) subquadrate; (4) subclyndrical [non-additive].29 Pronotum: width. (0) larger than that of elytra; (1) smaller than that of elytra.30 Pronotum: disc. (0) rugose; (1) smooth, polished.31 Pronotum: tubercles. (0) absent; (1) present.32 Postocular lobes. (0) present, well-developed; (1) present, slightly developed; (2) absent [additive].33 Prosternum. (0) non-excavate; (1) excavate.34 Metanepisternal sutures. (0) posteriorly fused or obliterated; (1) present, complete.35 Scutellum. (0) not visible; (1) visible.36 Elytra: shape. (0) oblong-oval ; (1) sub37 Elytra. (0) not fused; (1) fused along interelytral suture.38 Elytral disc. (0) convex; (1) slightly convex; (2) flat [additive].39 Elytral intervals. (0) convex; (1) flat.40 Elytral basal margin. (0) not raised; (1) raised, subcarinate.41 Elytral humeri. (0) rounded; (1) subquadrate.42 Elytral humeral tubercles. (0) absent; (1) present.43 Several tubercles on elytral disc. (0) present, small, rounded; (1) absent; (2) present, strong  .50 Tibiae: shape. (0) subcylindrical, laterally not expanded; (1) apically expanded.51 Tibial spurs. (0) present; (1) absent.52 Tarsomeres 3. (0) bilobed ; (1) sub53 Ventrites 3 and 4, female. (0) combined shorter than 5; (1) combined longer than 5.54 Aedeagus, lateral view. (0) robust; (1) slender.55 Distal gonocoxites. (0) strongly sclerotized; (1) membranous.56 Styli. (0) well-developed, claw-like; (1) well-developed, finger-like; (2) reduced to a few vibrissae [non-additive].57 Apodeme of female sternum 8. (0) short (< 3 times longer than plate); (1) long (> 4 times longer than plate).58 Plate of female sternum 8. (0) developed; (1) reduced.PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakThe cladograms were constructed using software TNT . Telurus, excluded from Listroderini by Listroderini. In the analyses with k=3 and 6, Aphela (Notiomimetini) is the sister taxon to Listroderini. In spite of the different results, there are some larger clades that were fairly constant.The analysis of the data matrix  under eqI consider that the results of the analysis with k= 6 are not as extreme as the others and show more clearly the four main clades, which are treated herein as subtribes :Macrostyphlina new subtribe: genera Adioristidius, Amathynetoides, Andesianellus, Macrostyphlus, Nacodius and Puranius.1 Palaechthina Brinck, 1948: genera Anorthorhinus, Gunodes, Haversiella, Inaccodes, Listronotus, Neopachytychius, Palaechthus, Palaechtodes, Steriphus and Tristanodes.2 Falklandiina new subtribe: genera Falklandiellus, Falklandiopsis, Falklandius, Gromilus, Lanteriella, Liparogetus, Nestrius and Telurus.3 Listroderina LeConte, 1876: genera Acroriellus, Acrorius, Acrostomus, Antarctobius, Germainiellus, Hyperoides, Lamiarhinus, Listroderes, Methypora, Philippius, Rupanius and Trachodema.4 PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakTribeLeConte, 1876Listroderi LeConte, 1876: 124.Listroderitos Germain, 1895: 287.Listroderina Champion, 1902: 120.Listroderini Hustache, 1926: 175.Listroderinae Thompson, 1992: 876.Listroderes Sch\u00f6nherr, 1826.Acrostomus); vestiture consisting mostly of dense scales and setae , setae on rostrum and pronotum directed anteriad or mesad, on elytra posteriad; rostrum stout and very short to slender, as long as or longer than pronotum; scrobes usually lateral; epistome poorly demarcated, rarely raised (Acrostomus); eyes usually large, flat, transverse or subcircular; mandibles with two apical cusps and paucisetose (1-4 setae); antennae with funicle 7-segmented, segments 1 and usually 2 elongate, clubs fusiform or inflated; prothorax with or without postocular lobes; prosternum long, non-excavate; elytra oblong-oval, elongate-oval or subrectangular; tibiae mucronate, generally with spurs (when present pro- and mesotibiae with 1 spur and metatibiae with 1\u20132 spurs); claws divaricate, simple or with slight basal swelling; aedeagus with tegmen lacking parameres (reduced in Methypora); distal gonocoxites membranous, generally simple, with large, apical or subapical stylus carrying a tuft of setae, but occasionally without stylus and apex of gonocoxite flattened and bent outwards.Very small to very large (1.0\u201322.8 mm); integument reddish brown  are hypothesized to be sister tribes.Listroderini were formerly considered as related to irrinini . OberpriListroderini are generally oligophagous ectophytic root-feeders .Anchadioristus Voss, 1954: 242 .Adioristidus Edwards & Hopwood, 1966: 5 (lapsus).Adioristidius Morrone, 1994c: 13.Adioristus similaris Voss, 1954.Small to very small (1.5\u20134.1 mm); vestiture consisting of seta-like scales and setae; antennal clubs fusiform; pronotum subcylindrical, disc rugose; metanepisternal sutures posteriorly fused or obliterated; elytral intervals convex.Adioristidius is the sister genus of Macrostyphlus-Andesianellus.Adioristidius anchonoideus ; Adioristidius carinicollis ; Adioristidius chilensis Morrone, 1994; Adioristidius costulatus ; Adioristidius crassirostris ; Adioristidius cuprisquameus ; Adioristidius granulatus ; Adioristidius hirsutus Morrone, 1994; Adioristidius hydanius Morrone, 1994; Adioristidius jorgei Morrone, 1994; Adioristidius lidiae Morrone, 1994; Adioristidius manu Morrone, 1994; Adioristidius morio ; Adioristidius nivalis ; Adioristidius pampaensis ; Adioristidius peruvianus ; Adioristidius puncticollis ; Adioristidius scrobicollis ; Adioristidius similaris ; Adioristidius subimpressus ; Adioristidius subtuberculatus ; Adioristidius sulcicollis ; Adioristidius tuberculatus ; Adioristidius variegatus .Adioristidius chilensis: Mulinum spp. (Apiaceae); Adioristidius tuberculatus: Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) (anaceae) .South American Transition Zone  and Central Chilean and Subantarctic subregions (Andean region), from Peru to Central Chile .Adioristidius anchonoideus , Adioristidius chilensis (MHNS), Adioristidius costulatus (DEI), Adioristidius crassirostris (DEI), Adioristidius granulatus (DEI), Adioristidius hirsutus , Adioristidius hydanius (DEI), Adioristidius jorgei , Adioristidius lidiae (CMNC), Adioristidius manu , Adioristidius morio , Adioristidius nivalis , Adioristidius puncticollis , Adioristidius similaris (DEI), Adioristidius sulcicollis (DEI), Adioristidius tuberculatus , Adioristidius variegatus (DEI).Morrone, 1994http://species-id.net/wiki/AmathynetoidesAmathynetesnon Olliff, 1891; misidentification, in part). Kuschel, 1949: 43 ; vestiture consisting of seta-like scales and setae; pronotum subcircular with subparallel flanks, disc smooth, polished; metanepisternal sutures present, complete; elytral intervals flat.Amathynetoides is the sister genus of Nacodius.Amathynetoides appendiculatus ; Amathynetoides ebeninus ; Amathynetoides intemperatus Morrone, 1994; Amathynetoides longulus ; Amathynetoides morbeamus Morrone, 1994; Amathynetoides nitidiventris ; Amathynetoides normae Morrone, 1994; Amathynetoides palustris ; Amathynetoides sparsesetosus ; Amathynetoides sundrianus Morrone, 1994.Amathynetoides nitidiventris: Ullucus tuberosus Caldas (Basellaceae) (llaceae) .South American Transition Zone , from Peru to northern Chile .Amathynetoides appendiculatus , Amathynetoides ebeninus , Amathynetoides intemperatus , Amathynetoides longulus , Amathynetoides morbeamus (FIML), Amathynetoides nitidiventris (DEI), Amathynetoides normae , Amathynetoides palustris , Amathynetoides sparsesetosus , Amathynetoides sundrianus .Anderson & Morrone, 1996http://species-id.net/wiki/AndesianellusAndesianellus Anderson & Morrone, 1996: 260.Andesianellus microphthalmicus Anderson & Morrone, 1996.Very small (1.9\u20133.3 mm); vestiture consisting of setae only; eyes very small, (8 or fewer facets), flat; postocular lobes absent; basal elytral margin raised, subcarinate.Andesianellus is the sister genus of Macrostyphlus, ashypothesizedin previous analyses , in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru .PageBreakAndesianellus carltoni (CMNC), Andesianellus cotopaxi (AMNH), Andesianellus fulgidus (CMNC), Andesianellus hermani (AMNH), Andesianellus masneri (CMNC), Andesianellus microphthalmicus , Andesianellus minutus , Andesianellus planirostris , Andesianellus tricarinatus .Kirsch, 1889http://species-id.net/wiki/MacrostyphlusMacrostyphlus Kirsch, 1889: 25.Macrostyphlus gualcalae Kirsch, 1889 .Very small (1.9\u20133.5 mm); vestiture consisting of subcircular scales and setae; pronotum subclyndrical; metanepisternal sutures posteriorly fused or obliterated; elytra with intervals convex.Macrostyphlus is the sister genus of Andesianellus, ashypothesized in a previous analysis ; Macrostyphlus frodo Morrone, 1994; Macrostyphlus gandalf Morrone, 1994; Macrostyphlus gualcalae Kirsch, 1889; Macrostyphlus howdenorum Morrone, 1994; Macrostyphlus peruvianus Morrone, 1994; Macrostyphlus sturmi Morrone, 1994; Macrostyphlus transatlanticus ; Macrostyphlus venezolanus Morrone, 1994.South American Transition Zone , from eastern Venezuela to southern Peru .Macrostyphlus bilbo (CNCI), Macrostyphlus coelorum (CWOB), Macrostyphlus frodo , Macrostyphlus gandalf , Macrostyphlus gualcalae (SMTD), Macrostyphlus howdenorum (CMNC), Macrostyphlus peruvianus (FMNH), Macrostyphlus sturmi (ICNB), Macrostyphlus transatlanticus (SMTD), Macrostyphlus venezolanus (MZFC).Morrone, 1994http://species-id.net/wiki/NacodiusNacodius Morrone, 1994e: 3.Nacodius martitae Morrone, 1994.Small (4.6\u20136.9 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; eyes large, slightly convex; pronotum lacking postocular lobes, with disc smooth, polished; elytra with intervals flat.Nacodius is the sister genus to Amathynetoides, and both are placed in Macrostyphlina. In a previous analysis (Nacodius was placed in the Antarctobius generic group (= Listroderina).analysis  NacodiusPageBreakNacodius alectrus Morrone, 1994; Nacodius brevirostris ; Nacodius martitae Morrone, 1994; Nacodius omissus .South American Transition Zone , in Ecuador and Peru .Nacodius alectrus (CWOB), Nacodius brevirostris (SMTD), Nacodius martitae  and Nacodius omissus (BMNH).Germain, 1895http://species-id.net/wiki/PuraniusPuranius Germain, 1895: 313.Puranus Germain, 1911: 205 (lapsus).ReichertiaListroderes sculpticollis Enderlein, 1907, by original designation). Enderlein, 1912: 31 .Puranius is the sister genus to Amathynetoides-Nacodius.Small to very small (1.9\u20136.5 mm); vestiture of subcircular scales and setae; pronotum transverse to strongly transverse; metanepisternal suture present, complete; elytra oblong-oval, with small, rounded tubercles.Puranius argentinensis Morrone, 1994; Puranius australis Germain, 1896; Puranius championi ; Puranius dubius ; Puranius elguetai Morrone, 1994; Puranius exsculpticollis ; Puranius fasciculiger ; Puranius hispidus ; Puranius inaequalis Germain, 1896; Puranius midas Morrone, 1994; Puranius nigrinus ; Puranius obrienorum Morrone, 1994; Puranius pusillus Morrone, 1994; Puranius scaber ; Puranius sylvanius Morrone, 1994; Puranius torosus Morrone, 1994; Puranius tothus Morrone, 1994; Puranius tuberosus Germain, 1896; Puranius verrucosus ; Puranius vulgaris Morrone, 1994.Puranius argentinensis:Mulinum sp. (Apiaceae); Puranius championi: Poa flabellata (Lam.) Raspail (Poaceae); Puranius fasciculiger: Senecio smithii DC (Asteraceae); Puranius nigrinus: Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F. H. Wigg. (Asteraceae) and Nothofagus sp. (Nothofagaceae); Puranius vulgaris: Mulinum sp. (Apiaceae); Puranius scaber: Baccharis sp. (Asteraceae) and Ephedra sp. (Ephedraceae) .Andean region  and South American Transition Zone, from southern Argentina, including the Falkland Islands , to Peru , 2012.Puranius argentinensis , Puranius australis , Puranius championi , Puranius dubius , Puranius elguetai , Puranius exsculpticollis (BMNH), Puranius fasciculiger , PageBreakPuranius hispidus , Puranius inaequalis , Puranius midas (AMNH), Puranius nigrinus , Puranius obrienorum , Puranius pusillus , Puranius scaber , Puranius sylvanius , Puranius torosus , Puranius tothus (MHNS), Puranius tuberosus , Puranius verrucosus  and Puranius vulgaris .SubtribeBrinck, 1948stat. n. 43; Palaechthus C. O. Waterhouse, 1884 .Listronotus where the rostrum is shorter than pronotum); scrobes long, deep, sharply bordered, reaching eyes; scape usually short (not reaching anterior margin of eye when resting in scrobe); pronotum usually subclyndrical or subcircular; elytra oblong-oval to elongate-oval.Rostrum slender, as long as or longer than pronotum .Most of the species of nditions . In contAnorthorhinus, Gunodes, Haversiella, Inaccodes, Listronotus, Neopachytychius, Palaechthus, Palaechtodes, Steriphus and Tristanodes. Anorthorhinus and Steriphus are Australian; Gunodes, Inaccodes, Palaechthus, Palaechtodes and Tristanodes are distributed in the Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands; and the remaining three genera are found in the Americas: Haversiella and Neopachytychius in South America and Listronotus has a disjunct distribution in South and North America.This subtribe includes the genera Blackburn, 1890http://species-id.net/wiki/AnorthorhinusAnorthorhinus Blackburn, 1890: 327.Anorthorrhinus Sharp, 1892: 148 (lapsus).Anorthorhinus pictipes Blackburn, 1890 .Small to very small (2.5\u20136.0 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; funicular segments 3-6 elongate; club fusiform; pronotum subclyndrical; elytra with intervals convex.Anorthorhinus is the sister genus to the clade comprising Haversiella, Neopachytychius and the five genera from the Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands.Anorthorhinus apicalis Lea, 1899; Anorthorhinus brevicornis Lea, 1899; Anorthorhinus pictipes Blackburn, 1890.Australia .Anorthorhinus apicalis (MZFC) and Anorthorhinus pictipes (MZFC).PageBreakBrinck, 1948http://species-id.net/wiki/GunodesGunodes Brinck, 1948: 55.Gunodes major Brinck, 1948.Medium-sized (7.5 mm); vestiture of subcircular scales and setae; pronotum subcircular; elytra oblong-oval.Gunodes is the sister genus to Palaechthus-Paleachtodes-Tristanodes. Gunodes and Tristanodes is not without doubt.Gunodes major Brinck, 1948.Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands .Schweiger, 1959http://species-id.net/wiki/HaversiellaHaversianon R\u00f6wer, 1913). Champion, 1918a: 185 (HaversiellaHaversia). Schweiger, 1959: 42 .Haversiella is the sister genus to Neopachytychius, andboth constitute the sister group to the five genera from the Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands.Very small (3.0\u20133.9 mm); vestiture of subcircular scales only; maxillary mala lacking teeth; antennal insertion at the middle of the rostrum; pronotum subcircular; elytra elongate-oval; tibiae lacking spurs; plate of female sternum 8 reduced.Haversiella albolimbata .Bryophytes .Southern Argentina, including the Falkland Islands , and southern Chile , 2012.Haversiella albolimbata .Brinck, 1948http://species-id.net/wiki/InaccodesInaccodes Brinck, 1948: 52.Inaccodes oblongus Brinck, 1948.Small (4.5 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; funicular segments 3-6 globose; club inflated; pronotum subcircular; elytra with intervals flat.PageBreakInaccodes is the sister genus to the clade comprising the four remaining genera from the Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands. Inaccodes and Tristanodes is not without doubt.Inaccodes oblongus Brinck, 1948.Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands .Jekel, 1865http://species-id.net/wiki/ListronotusMacropsnon Wagler 1830, nec Burmeister 1835) (type species: not designated). Kirby, 1837: 199 . Jekel, 1865: 566 . LeConte, 1876: 182 . Desbrochers des Loges, 1898: 52 . Br\u00e8thes, 1910: 209 . Br\u00e8thes, 1926: 415 .PseudhyperodesPseudhyperodes elongatus Hustache, 1939). Hustache, 1939a: 49 ; vestiture of subcircular scales and setae; antennal insertion distal; funicular segment 1 subequal to or shorter than 2; postocular lobes present, well-developed; elytra oblong-oval to elongate-oval, with intervals convex.Listronotus is the sister genus to Steriphus . In a previous analysis based only on American taxa ; Listronotus americanus LeConte, 1876; Listronotus angustatus ; Listronotus annulipes ; Listronotus anthracinus ; Listronotus apicalis ; Listronotus appendiculatus ; Listronotus argentinensis ; Listronotus arizonicus O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus blandus Henderson, 1940; Listronotus blatchleyi Henderson, 1940; Listronotus bonariensis ; Listronotus borrichiae O\u2019Brien, PageBreak1981; Listronotus bosqi ; Listronotus breyeri ; Listronotus burkei O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus californicus ; Listronotus callosus LeConte, 1876; Listronotus carinatus ; Listronotus carinicollis ; Listronotus caudatus ; Listronotus cinnamoneus ; Listronotus conabilis O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus crypticus O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus cryptops ; Listronotus cyrticus ; Listronotus dauci ; Listronotus debilis Blatchley, 1916; Listronotus deceptus ; Listronotus delumbis ; Listronotus dietrichi ; Listronotus dietzi O\u2019Brien, 1979; Listronotus distinctus Henderson, 1940; Listronotus dorsalis ; Listronotus dorytomoides ; Listronotus durangoensis O\u2019Brien, 1977; Listronotus echinatus ; Listronotus echinodori O\u2019Brien, 1977; Listronotus elegans Van Dyke, 1929; Listronotus elegantulus O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus elongatus ; Listronotus fasciatus O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus filiformis ; Listronotus frontalis LeConte, 1876; Listronotus geminatus ; Listronotus griseus ; Listronotus grypidioides ; Listronotus haldemani ; Listronotus hirtellus ; Listronotus hoodi ; Listronotus hornii ; Listronotus hubbardi ; Listronotus humilis ; Listronotus hyperodes ; Listronotus incompletus ; Listronotus ingens Henderson, 1940; Listronotus insignis Henderson, 1940; Listronotus laevis ; Listronotus laramiensis ; Listronotus latinasus ; Listronotus lineolaticollis ; Listronotus lodingi ; Listronotus lucens ; Listronotus lutulentus ; Listronotus maculatus ; Listronotus maculicollis ; Listronotus manifestus Henderson, 1940; Listronotus marginalis O\u2019Brien, 1977; Listronotus marginicollis ; Listronotus marshalli O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus meridionalis O\u2019Brien, 1977; Listronotus minutus ; Listronotus montanus ; Listronotus nebulosus LeConte, 1876; Listronotus neocallosus O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus nevadicus LeConte, 1876; Listronotus nigropunctatus ; Listronotus novellus ; Listronotus obscurellus ; Listronotus obtectus ; Listronotus oregonensis ; Listronotus ornatipennis ; Listronotus pallidus O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus palustris Blatchley, 1916; Listronotus pampaensis ; Listronotus peninsularis ; Listronotus plumosiventris O\u2019Brien, 1977; Listronotus porcellus ; Listronotus poseyensis ; Listronotus pseudosetosus O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus puncticollis ; Listronotus punctiger LeConte, 1876; Listronotus pusillus ; Listronotus rotundicollis LeConte, 1876; Listronotus rubtzoffi O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus rufomarginatus ; Listronotus salicorniae O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus scapularis Casey, 1895; Listronotus setosipennis ; Listronotus setosus LeConte, 1876; Listronotus similis Henderson, 1940; Listronotus sondondoanus ; Listronotus sordidus ; Listronotus sparsus ; Listronotus squamiger ; Listronotus sulcipennis ; Listronotus suturalis O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus teretirostris ; Listronotus testaceipes ; Listronotus texanus ; Listronotus truncatus ; Listronotus tuberosus LeConte, 1876; Listronotus turbatus O\u2019Brien, 1981; Listronotus vitticollis ; Listronotus vulgaris ; Listronotus wallacei ; Listronotus weiseri .Listronotus appendiculatus: Sagittaria latifolia Willdenow (Alismataceae); Listronotus argentinensis: Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae); Listronotus blandus : Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. (Polygonaceae); Listronotus bonariensis: Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreber, Hordeum vulgare L., Lolium multiflorum L., Lolium perenne L., Poa annua L., Triticum aestivum L., Zea mays L. (Poaceae) and Trifolium repens L. (Fabaceae); Listronotus borrichiae: Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC (Asteraceae) and Salvinia sp. ; Listronotus caudatus: Polygonum bicorne Raf. (Polygonaceae); Listronotus cinnamoneus: Limnobium stoloniferum (G. PageBreakF. W. Meyer) Griseb. (Hydrocharitaceae); Listronotus cryptops: Sagittaria lancifolia L. (Alismataceae); Listronotus dauci: Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae); Listronotus dietrichi: Dahlia sp. (Asteraceae), Gossypium sp. , Persus sp. (Lauraceae), Phaseolus sp. (Fabaceae), Cenchrus sp., Chloris sp., Cynodon sp., Eleusine sp., Zea sp. (Poaceae), Coffea sp. (Rubiaceae), Lycopersicum sp. (Solanaceae) and Menta sp. (Lamiaceae); Listronotus echinodori: Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. and Sagittaria latifolia Willdenow (Alismataceae); Listronotus elongatus: Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. (Apiaceae); Listronotus haldemani: Juncus nodatus Coville in N. L. Britton and A. Brown (Juncaceae); Listronotus maculicollis: Agrostis palustris Huds. and Poa annua L. (Poaceae); Listronotus manifestus: Sagittaria longiloba Engelm. ex J. G. Sm. (Alismataceae); Listronotus marginicollis: Myriophyllum aquaticum (Velloso) Verde ; Listronotus montanus: Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae); Listronotus neocallosus: Sagittaria engelmanniana J. G. Smith, Sagittaria graminea Michaux and Sagittaria stagnorum Small (Alismataceae); Daucus carota L. and Petroselinum crispum (Miller) A. W. Hill. (Apiaceae) (Listronotus oregonensis); Listronotus plumosiventris: Sagittaria latifolia Willdenow (Alismataceae); Listronotus rotundicollis: Crinum sp. (Amaryllidaceae); Listronotus rubtzoffi: Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon (Alismataceae); Listronotus salicorniae: Salicornia virginica L. (Amaranthaceae); Listronotus scapularis: Sagittaria longiloba Engelm. ex J. G. Sm. and Sagittaria sp. (Alismataceae); Listronotus setosipennis: Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae); Listronotus similis: Paspalum distichum L. (Poaceae) and Polygonum bicorne Raf. (Polygonaceae); Listronotus teretirostris: Eleocharis macrostachya Britton (Cyperaceae); Listronotus texanus: Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae); Listronotus turbatus: Sagittaria sp. (Alismataceae) (ataceae) .Listronotus bonariensis.Widespread in the Americas, from Canada to Argentina and Chile . This diListronotus americanus (BMNH), Listronotus apicalis (MLP), Listronotus appendiculatus , Listronotus argentinensis , Listronotus bonariensis , Listronotus bosqi , Listronotus breyeri , Listronotus californicus (AMNH), Listronotus callosus , Listronotus caudatus , Listronotus cinnamoneus (MLP), Listronotus cryptops , Listronotus cyrticus , Listronotus dauci (MACN), Listronotus debilis (AMNH), Listronotus delumbis , Listronotus dietzi (AMNH), Listronotus distinctus (BMNH), Listronotus durangoensis , Listronotus echinatus (AMNH), Listronotus echinodori , Listronotus elongatus , Listronotus filiformis , Listronotus frontalis , Listronotus geminatus , Listronotus griseus , Listronotus grypidioides (AMNH), Listronotus haldemani (BMNH), Listronotus hornii (AMNH), Listronotus hubbardi (BMNH), Listronotus humilis (AMNH), Listronotus hyperodes (AMNH), Listronotus incompletus (AMNH), Listronotus ingens (AMNH), Listronotus lineolaticollis (MLP), Listronotus lutulentus (BMNH), Listronotus maculicollis (AMNH), PageBreakListronotus manifestus , Listronotus marginalis (BMNH), Listronotus marginicollis , Listronotus meridionalis (BMNH), Listronotus minutus (AMNH), Listronotus nebulosus (AMNH), Listronotus novellus (AMNH), Listronotus oregonensis , Listronotus ornatipennis (MHNS), Listronotus palustris , Listronotus plumosiventris (BMNH), Listronotus porcellus (AMNH), Listronotus puncticollis (MLP), Listronotus punctiger , Listronotus pusillus , Listronotus rotundicollis , Listronotus rubtzoffi (AMNH), Listronotus rufomarginatus (MLP), Listronotus scapularis (AMNH), Listronotus setosipennis (MLP), Listronotus setosus (AMNH), Listronotus similis , Listronotus sordidus , Listronotus sparsus , Listronotus squamiger , Listronotus teretirostris , Listronotus texanus (AMNH), Listronotus truncatus (AMNH), Listronotus tuberosus , Listronotus vitticollis (AMNH) and Listronotus vulgaris (MLP).Hustache, 1939http://species-id.net/wiki/NeopachytychiusNeopachytychius Hustache, 1939b: 55.PernotarisPernotaris squamiger Voss, 1943 ). Voss, 1943: 232 ; vestiture of subcircular scales and setae; mandible and pharyngeal process long and narrow; rostral dorsal carinae present; antennal insertion distal; postocular lobes slightly developed; elytra oblong-oval.Neopachytychius is the sister genus to Haversiella, andboth constitute the sister group to the five genera from the Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands. In a previous analysis based only on American genera .C. O. Waterhouse, 1884http://species-id.net/wiki/PalaechthusPalaechthus C. O. Waterhouse, 1884: 277.Palaechtus Brinck, 1948: 47 (lapsus).Palaechthus glabratus Waterhouse, 1884 (subsequent designation by PageBreakMedium-sized (11.0\u201312.0 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; rostral dorsal carinae absent; pronotum subtrapezoidal.Palaechthus is the sister genus to both Paleachtodes and Tristanodes. Palaechthus and Palaechtodes needs to be reevaluated.Palaechthus glabratus C. O. Waterhouse, 1884.Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands .Palaechthus glabratus (BMNH).Brinck, 1948http://species-id.net/wiki/PalaechtodesPalaechtodes Brinck, 1948: 50.Palaechthus cossonoides C. O. Waterhouse, 1884 .Medium-sized (7.0\u20137.5 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; rostral dorsal carinae present; pronotum subclyndrical.Palaechtodes is the sister genus to both Paleachthus and Tristanodes. Palaechtodes and Palaechthus needs to be reevaluated.Palaechtodes cossonoides .Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands .Palaechtodes cossonoides (BMNH).Erichson, 1842http://species-id.net/wiki/SteriphusSteriphus Erichson, 1842: 190.DesianthaDesiantha caudata Pascoe, 1870, subsequent designation by  Pascoe, 1870: 193 . Broun, 1885: 387 . Broun, 1903: 79 .Small to very small (3.0\u20136.5 mm); vestiture of subcircular scales and setae; scape long (surpassing posterior margin of eye when resting in scrobe); elytra with anteapical tubercle.PageBreakSteriphus is the sister genus to the American genus Listronotus.Steriphus albidoparsus ; Steriphus alpinus ; Steriphus angusticollis ; Steriphus ascitus ; Steriphus binodulus Broun, 1903; Steriphus caudatus ; Steriphus curvisetosus ; Steriphus diversipes ; Steriphus humeralis ; Steriphus incotaminatus ; Steriphus inermis ; Steriphus irrasus ; Steriphus longus ; Steriphus major ; Steriphus mecaspis ; Steriphus metallicus ; Steriphus mucronatus ; Steriphus murinus ; Steriphus parvicornis ; Steriphus parvonigrus ; Steriphus parvus ; Steriphus pullus ; Steriphus sericeus ; Steriphus solidus Erichson, 1842; Steriphus stenoderes ; Steriphus variabilis ; Steriphus vittatus .Steriphus ascitus: Baumea articulata (R. Br.) Blake, Baumea rubiginosa (Spreng.) Boeck., Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) Sojak (Cyperaceae) and Typha orientalis C. B. Presl. (Typhaceae); Steriphus diversipes: Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) and Rumex acetosella L. (Polygonaceae); Steriphus variabilis: Cotula spp. (Asteraceae), Dichondra sp. (Convolvulaceae) and Myriophyllum sp.  .Steriphus ascitus, Steriphus caudatus, Steriphus diversipes and Steriphus variabilis .Australia and New Zealand .Steriphus ascitus (MZFC) and Steriphus variabilis (MZFC).Brinck, 1948http://species-id.net/wiki/TristanodesTristanodes Brinck, 1948: 58.Tristanodes craterophilus Brinck, 1948.Small to very small (3.7\u20136.5 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; pronotum subcylindrical.Tristanodes is the sister genus to both Palaechthus and Palaechtodes. Tristanodes, Gunodes and Inaccodes is not without doubt.Tristanodes attai Brinck, 1948; Tristanodes conicus Brinck, 1948; Tristanodes craterophilus Brinck, 1948; Tristanodes echinatus Brinck, 1948; Tristanodes insolidus Brinck, 1948; Tristanodes integer Brinck, 1948; Tristanodes medius Brinck, 1948; Tristanodes minor Brinck, 1948; Tristanodes reppetonis Brinck, 1948; Tristanodes scirpophilus Brinck, 1948; Tristanodes sivertseni Brinck, 1948.Tristanodes scirpophilus .Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands .Tristanodes attai (BMNH) and Tristanodes spp. (BMNH).PageBreakFalklandius Enderlein, 1907.Liparogetus and some species of Gromilus, which are medium-sized); rostrum stout, shorter than pronotum ; pterygiae auriculate, exposed ; pronotum usually subcircular or subcylindrical; metanepisternal suture usually posteriorly fused or obliterated; elytra oblong-oval.Small to very small .This new subtribe, which basically corresponds to the Kuschel, 1950http://species-id.net/wiki/FalklandiellusFalklandiellus Kuschel, 1950: 14.Falklandius suffodens Enderlein, 1907 .Very small (2.6\u20133.5 mm); vestiture of subcircular scales and setae; rostrum lacking dorsal carinae; antennal insertion distal; club fusiform; pronotum transverse; metanepisternal suture posteriorly fused or obliterated; elytra with series of declivital tubercles; tibiae with spurs.Falklandiellus is the sister genus to Telurus-Nestrius-Falklandius-Lanteriella.Falklandiellus suffodens .Bryophytes .Andean region (Subantarctic subregion), in southern Argentina, including the Falkland Islands , and southern Chile , 2012.Falklandiellus suffodens .PageBreakMorrone and Anderson, 1995http://species-id.net/wiki/FalklandiopsisFalklandiopsis Morrone and Anderson, 1995: 5.Falklandius magellanicus Morrone, 1992.Very small (3.5\u20134.0 mm); vestiture of setae only; rostrum very short, stout; rostral dorsal carinae absent; scrobes short, ill-defined; eyes dorsal; scape medium-sized (reaching eye when resting in scrobe); funicular segments 3-6 globose; pronotum subcircular; elytra with humeral tubercles; femora subcylindrical, markedly clavate.Falklandiopsis is the sister genus to both Liparogetus and the clade Falklandiellus-Telurus-Nestrius-Falklandius-Lanteriella.Falklandiopsis magellanica .Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Oerst. (Nothofagacae) (fagacae) .Andean region (Subantarctic subregion), in southern Chile .Falklandiopsis magellanica .Enderlein, 1907http://species-id.net/wiki/FalklandiusFalklandius Enderlein, 1907: 65.Falklandius brachyomma Enderlein, 1907  .Small to very small (1.9\u20136.1 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; eyes small; club inflated; pronotal disc rugose; elytra with intervals convex.Falklandius is the sister genus to Lanteriella, asfound in a previous analysis .Falklandius antarcticus ; Falklandius chilensis Morrone and Anderson, 1995; Falklandius goliath Morrone, 1992; Falklandius kuscheli Morrone, 1992; Falklandius peckorum Morrone and Anderson, 1995; Falklandius turbificatus Enderlein, 1907.Falklandius antarcticus: Callitriche sp. , Myrteola nummularia (Poir.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae), Nothofagus antarctica (G. Forster) Oerst. (Nothofagacae) and Poa flabellata (Lam.) Raspail (Poaceae) ; Falklandius turbificatus: Myrteola nummularia (Poir.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae) .Andean region (Subantarctic subregion), in southern Argentina, including the Falkland Islands  and southern Chile , 2012.PageBreakFalklandius antarcticus , Falklandius chilensis , Falklandius goliath (BMNH), Falklandius kuscheli (BMNH), Falklandius peckorum , Falklandius turbificatus (BMNH) and Falklandius spp. (MZFC).Blanchard, 1853http://species-id.net/wiki/GromilusGromilus Blanchard, 1853: 208.ClypeorhynchusClypeorhynchus gracilipes Sharp, 1883, by indication, monotypy). Sharp, 1883: 26 .DacnophyllaDacnophylla setosa Broun, 1893a, by indication, monotypy). Broun, 1893a: 1471 . Broun, 1905: 545 . Broun, 1909: 117 . Broun, 1913: 117  . Broun, 1913: 120 . Brookes, 1951: 57 .Small to medium-sized (3.5\u20137.5 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; rostrum medium-sized, relatively stout; rostral dorsal carinae present; scrobes long, deep, sharply bordered, reaching eyes; eyes lateral; scape long (surpassing posterior margin of eye when resting in scrobe); funicular segments 3-6 elongate; pronotum subcylindrical; elytra lacking humeral tubercles.Gromilus is the sister genus to the remaining genera of Falklandiina. Gromilus with Nestrius, Liparogetus and Falklandius.Gromilus anthracinus ; Gromilus aucklandicus Kuschel, 1971; Gromilus bicarinatus ; Gromilus bifoveatus ; Gromilus brevicornis ; Gromilus brounii Morrone, 2011; Gromilus calvulus ; Gromilus caudatus ; Gromilus clarulus ; Gromilus cockaynei ; Gromilus cordipennis ; Gromilus cristatus ; Gromilus dorsalis ; Gromilus exiguus ; Gromilus fallai ; Gromilus foveirostris ; Gromilus furvus ; Gromilus gracilipes ; Gromilus granissimus ; Gromilus halli ; Gromilus impressusPageBreak ; Gromilus inophloeoides ; Gromilus insularis Blanchard, 1853; Gromilus kuschelii Morrone, 2011; Gromilus laqueorum Kuschel, 1964; Gromilus majusculus ; Gromilus merus ; Gromilus narinosus Kuschel, 1971; Gromilus nitidellus ; Gromilus nitidulus ; Gromilus nodiceps ; Gromilus philpotti ; Gromilus setosus ; Gromilus sparsus ; Gromilus striatus ; Gromilus sulcicollis ; Gromilus sulcipennis ; Gromilus tenuiculus ; Gromilus thoracicus ; Gromilus variegatus ; Gromilus veneris .Gromilus fallai: Blechnum capense Burm. f. (Blechnaceae); Gromilus insularis: Colobanthus sp. (Caryophyllaceae), Pleurophyllum sp. (Asteraceae), Poa litorosa Cheeseman (Poaceae), Polystichum vestitum (G. Forst.) C. Presl. (Dryopteridaceae), Pleurophyllum criniferum Hook. f. (Asteraceae), Stilbocarpa polaris (Homb. and Jacq.) Gray  and Tillaea moschata DC (Crassulaceae); Gromilus setosus: Blechnum sp. (Blechnaceae) and Gahnia sp. (Cyperaceae); Gromilus veneris: Blechnum capense (L.) Schlecht. (Blechnaceae), Polystichum sp. (Dryopteridaceae) and Pteris sp. (Pteridaceae); Gromilus thoracicus: Anisotome latifolia Hook. f. (Apiaceae), Bulbinella sp. (Liliaceae), Cotula plumosa Hook. f. and Pleurophyllum criniferum Hook. f. (Asteraceae) and Poa litorosa Cheeseman (Poaceae) (Poaceae) , 1990.Immature stages.Gromilus exiguus, Gromilus insularis, Gromilus thoracicus and Gromilus veneris .New Zealand , 1990.Gromilus gracilipes (MZFC), Gromilus insularis (MZFC), Gromilus laqueorum (MZFC). Gromilus merus (MZFC), Gromilus nitidellus (MZFC) and Gromilus veneris (MZFC).Morrone, 1992http://species-id.net/wiki/LanteriellaLanteriella Morrone, 1992b: 167.Lanteriella microphtalma Morrone, 1992.Very small (3.4\u20133.8 mm); vestiture of setae only; eyes very small, microphthalmic; pronotal disc smooth, polished; femora dorsoventrally compressed; tibiae apically expanded.Lanteriella is the sister genus to Falklandius, asfound in a previous analysis .The only species of this genus was hypothesized to live in litter or soil .Lanteriella microphtalma Morrone, 1992.Andean region (Subantarctic subregion), in the Falkland Islands  .Lanteriella microphtalma (BMNH).PageBreakPageBreakBroun, 1915http://species-id.net/wiki/LiparogetusLiparogetus Broun, 1915: 331.Liparogetus sulcatissimus Broun, 1915 .Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (6.0\u201310.0 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; rostrum with dorsal carinae; antennal insertion at the middle of the rostrum; club inflated; pronotum subquadrate; metanepisternal suture complete; tibiae lacking spurs.Liparogetus is the sister genus to both Falklandiopsis and the clade Falklandiellus-Telurus-Nestrius-Falklandius-Lanteriella.Liparogetus sulcatissimus Broun, 1915.New Zealand .Liparogetus sulcatissimus (MZFC).Broun, 1893http://species-id.net/wiki/NestriusNestrius Broun, 1893a: 1480.Phyllodytesnon Wagler 1830, nec Gistel 1848, nec Finsch 1873) . Broun, 1893a: 1479 . Broun, 1893a: 1481 . Broun, 1909: 55 . Broun, 1909: 56 (type species: PhyllodytesiusPhyllodytes Broun). Schenkling & Marshall, 1929: 57 .Small to very small (2.8\u20135.0 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; rostrum relatively stout, medium-sized, with dorsal carinae; eyes lateral; funicular segment 2 elongate; pronotum subcylindrical; scutellum not visible.Nestrius is the sister genus to Falklandius-Lanteriella, confirming Kuschel\u2019s ; Nestrius hudsoni Marshall, 1953; Nestrius irregularis ; Nestrius laqueorum Kuschel, 1964; Nestrius ovithorax ; Nestrius prolixus Broun, 1917; Nestrius serripes Broun, 1893; Nestrius sculpturatus ; Nestrius simmondsi Broun, 1921; Nestrius sulcirostris Broun, 1917; Nestrius zenoscelis Broun, 1921.New Zealand , 1971.Nestrius foveatus (MZFC) and Nestrius sculpturatus (MZFC).PageBreakKuschel, 1955rev. placementhttp://species-id.net/wiki/TelurusTelurus Kuschel, 1955: 288.Antarctobius laticauda Champion, 1918  .Small (3.9\u20136.5 mm); vestiture of setae only; eyes subcircular, slightly convex; female elytral apex produced; female ventrites 3 and 4 combined longer than 5.Telurus is closely related to Falklandius-Lanteriella, as found in a previous analysis  on the mandibles of Telurus caudiculatus, Listroderini and transferred it to Cylydrorhininae (Entiminae). Future molecular analyses are required to corroborate its precise placement.analysis , and to Telurus caudiculatus Morrone and Anderson, 1995; Telurus dissimilis .Andean region (Subantarctic subregion), in southern Chile .Telurus caudiculatus  and Telurus dissimilis .SubtribeLeConte, 1876Listroderes Sch\u00f6nherr, 1826.Lamiarhinus and Philippius), with intervals convex and with anteapical tubercle (except for Rupanius).Rostrum relatively stout, medium-sized, shorter than pronotum; scrobes short, ill-defined, broad; funicular segmen 1 longer than 2; elytra usually oblong-oval ; vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; elytra with small, rounded tubercles and series of three tubercles on interval 3.Acroriellus is the sister genus to Acrostomus-Hyperoides. Originally, it was suggested that it was close to Acrorius , in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru .Acroriellus bobi , Acroriellus carinatus (CMNC), Acroriellus similaris (CMNC), Acroriellus tuberculosus (CMNC), Acroriellus viridisquamosus  and Acroriellus vittetae .Kirsch, 1889http://species-id.net/wiki/AcroriusAcrorius Kirsch, 1889: 25.Ocromis Sharp, 1890: 152 (lapsus).Acrorius puncticollis Kirsch, 1889 .Small (4.0\u20136.8 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; scape medium-sized (reaching eye when resting in scrobe); elytra with small, rounded tubercles.Acrorius is the sister genus to Trachodema-Lamiarhinus-Philippius, taxa that in a previous analysis , Acrorius bolivianus , Acrorius cuprinus (CMNC), Acrorius nymphalis (CMNC), Acrorius otramas (CMNC), Acrorius papallacta , Acrorius pillahuata , Acrorius plicatifrons (FMNH) and Acrorius sisyphus .PageBreakKuschel, 1955http://species-id.net/wiki/AcrostomusAcrostomus Kuschel, 1955: 287.Adioristus bruchi Hustache, 1926 .Medium-sized (7.3\u201313.8 mm); integument black; vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; epistome raised; scrobal ventral tooth usually present; pronotum subquadrate.Acrostomus is the sister genus to Hyperoides.Acrostomus bruchi ; Acrostomus cruralis Kuschel, 1958; Acrostomus foveicollis Kuschel, 1958; Acrostomus griseus ; Acrostomus magellanicus Kuschel, 1958; Acrostomus mordor Morrone, 1994; Acrostomus vianai Kuschel, 1958.Acrostomus magellanicus and Acrostomus vianai: Azorella trifurcata (Gaertner) Pers., Bolax gummifera (Lam.) Spreng. and Mulinum spinosum (Cav.) Pers. (Apiaceae) .Andean region (Patagonian subregion), in southern Argentina and southern Chile .Acrostomus bruchi , Acrostomus cruralis , Acrostomus foveicollis , Acrostomus griseus , Acrostomus magellanicus , Acrostomus mordor  and Acrostomus vianai .Fairmaire, 1885http://species-id.net/wiki/AntarctobiusAntarctobius Fairmaire, 1885: 58.Antarctobius lacunosus Fairmaire, 1885 .Small to medium-sized (3.7\u20139.5 mm); vestiture of seta-like or subcircular scales and setae; pronotum subcircular; postocular lobes absent.Antarctobius is closely related to Germainiellus, Listroderes and the clade Methypora-Rupanius-Acrorius-Trachodema-Lamiarhinus-Philippius. The distinction between Antarctobius, Germainiellus and Listroderes is not without doubt , and future analyses may determine if they are merged into a single genus.Antarctobius abditus ; Antarctobius bidentatus ; Antarctobius falklandicus ; Antarctobius germaini ; Antarctobius hyadesii Fairmaire, 1885; Antarctobius lacunosus Fairmaire, 1885; Antarctobius malvinensis Posadas and Morrone, 2004; Antarctobius rugirostris Champion, 1918; Antarctobius vulsus ; Antarctobius yefacel Morrone, 1992.PageBreakAntarctobius abditus: Senecio candidans DC (Asteraceae); Antarctobius hyadesii: Senecio alloeophyllus O. Hoffm. and Senecio candidans DC (Asteraceae) .Antarctobius abditus and Antarctobius falklandicus .Argentina, including the Falkland Islands  (Andean region (Subantarctic subregion), in southern Chile and southern alvinas) , 2012.Antarctobius abditus (BMNH), Antarctobius bidentatus (BMNH), Antarctobius falklandicus , Antarctobius germaini , Antarctobius hyadesii , Antarctobius lacunosus , Antarctobius rugirostris (BMNH), Antarctobius vulsus  and Antarctobius yefacel (AMNH).Morrone, 1993http://species-id.net/wiki/GermainiellusGermainiellus Morrone, 1993a: 125.Listroderes dentipennis Germain, 1895 .Small to medium-sized (6.0-8.4 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; pronotum transverse; postocular lobes present.Germainiellus is closely related to Antarctobius, Listroderes and the clade Methypora-Rupanius-Acrorius-Trachodema-Lamiarhinus-Philippius. It was originally described as intermediate between Antarctobius and Listroderes . The distinction between Antarctobius, Germainiellus and Listroderes is not without doubt , and future analyses may determine if they are merged into a single genus.Germainiellus angulipennis ; Germainiellus attenuatus ; Germainiellus dentipennis ; Germainiellus fulvicornis ; Germainiellus laevirostris ; Germainiellus lugens ; Germainiellus ovatus ; Germainiellus philippii ; Germainiellus planipennis ; Germainiellus punctiventris ; Germainiellus rugipennis ; Germainiellus salebrosus ; Germainiellus spp. (MZFC).Germainiellus dentipennis and Germainiellus fulvicornis: Nothofagus sp. (Nothofagaceae); Germainiellus laevirostris: Senecio smithii DC (Asteraceae); Germainiellus planipennis: Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst. (Nothofagaceae) and Peumus boldus Mol. (Monimiaceae); Germainiellus salebrosus: Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd. (Empetraceae) .Argentina, including the Falkland Islands  (Andean region (Subantarctic subregion), in southern Chile and southern alvinas) , 2012.PageBreakGermainiellus angulipennis (MHNS), Germainiellus attenuatus , Germainiellus dentipennis , Germainiellus fulvicornis , Germainiellus laevirostris , Germainiellus lugens , Germainiellus ovatus , Germainiellus philippii , Germainiellus planipennis , Germainiellus punctiventris (MHNS), Germainiellus rugipennis  and Germainiellus salebrosus (BMNH).Marshall, 1914http://species-id.net/wiki/HyperoidesHyperoides Marshall, 1914: 236.Hyperoides fragariae Marshall, 1914 .Small to medium-sized (5.1\u20137.5 mm); vestiture of lanceolate scales and setae; postocular lobes present; elytra lacking anteapical tubercle.Hyperoides is the sister genus to Acrostomus, contrasting with its more isolated position in a previous analysis .Hyperoides balfourbrownei ; Hyperoides fragariae Marshall, 1914; Hyperoides murinus ; Hyperoides subcinctus ; Hyperoides victus .Hyperoides fragariae: Fragaria vesca L. (Rosaceae); Hyperoides subcinctus: Senecio sp. (Asteraceae); Hyperoides murinus: Citrulus vulgaris Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae), Phaseolus sp. (Fabaceae) and Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae); Hyperoides victus: Senecio bahioides Hook. et Arn. (Asteraceae) (eraceae) .Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, and introduced into South Africa , in h Africa .Hyperoides balfourbrownei , Hyperoides fragariae , Hyperoides murinus , Hyperoides subcinctus  and Hyperoides victus .Morrone, 1992http://species-id.net/wiki/LamiarhinusLamiarhinus Morrone, 1992c: 419.Lamiarhinus aelficus Morrone, 1992.PageBreakSmall to medium-sized (5.7\u20136.8 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; funicular segments 3-6 elongate; pronotum with tubercles; elytra subrectangular, fused along interelytral suture.Lamiarhinus is the sister genus to Philippius. In a previous analysis .Lamiarhinus aelficus: Podanthus ovatifolius Lag. (Asteraceae) (eraceae) .Andean region  .Lamiarhinus aelficus  and Lamiarhinus horridus (MHNS).Sch\u00f6nherr, 1826http://species-id.net/wiki/ListroderesListroderesnom. nud.). Sch\u00f6nherr, 1823: col. 1142 .Listoderes Kuschel, 1990: 71 (lapsus).Listroderes costirostris Sch\u00f6nherr, 1826 .Small to medium-sized (3.9\u201312.5 mm); vestiture of subcircular scales and setae; scrobal ventral tooth usually present.Listroderes is closely related to Antarctobius, Germainiellus and the clade Methypora-Rupanius-Acrorius-Trachodema-Lamiarhinus-Philippius. The distinction between Antarctobius, Germainiellus and Listroderes is not without doubt ; Listroderes hoffmanni Germain, 1895; Listroderes howdenae Morrone, 1993; Listroderes leviculus Kuschel, 1952; Listroderes montanus Germain, 1895; Listroderes nodifer Boheman, 1842; Listroderes obliquus Klug, 1829; Listroderes obrieni Morrone, 1993; Listroderes paranensis Hustache, 1926; Listroderes punicola Kuschel, 1949; Listroderes pusillus Hustache, 1926; Listroderes robustior Schenkling and Marshall, 1931; Listroderes robustus Waterhouse, 1841; PageBreakListroderes scylla Morrone, 1993; Listroderes trivialis Germain, 1895; Listroderes tuberculifer Blanchard, 1851; Listroderes uruguayensis Kuschel, 1952; Listroderes wagneri Hustache, 1926; Listroderes wittei Hustache, 1926.Listroderes apicalis: Betavulgaris L. (Chenopodiaceae), Helianthus annus L. (Asteraceae) and Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae); Listroderes bimaculatus: Baccharis linearis (Ruiz and Pav.) Pers. (Asteraceae) and Puya chilensisMolina (Bromeliaceae); Listroderes bruchi: Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz and Pav\u00f3n) Pers. and Senecio subulatus Don Hooker et Arnott (Asteraceae); Listroderes cinerarius: Atriplex sp. (Chenopodiaceae); Listroderes costirostris, Listroderes difficilis and Listroderes obliquus: Apium graveolens L. and Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae), Brassica rapa L., Listroderes oleracea L. and Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith (Brassicaceae), Rumex altissimus Wood (Polygonaceae), Nicotiana tabacum L. and Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae) and Stellaria spp. (Caryophyllaceae); Listroderes robustus: Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. (Chenopodiaceae); Listroderes uruguayensis: Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam. (Apiaceae) (piaceae) .Listroderes bruchi, Listroderes delaiguei and Listroderes difficilis , South American Transition Zone and Neotropical region, in  and USA .Listroderes affinis , Listroderes angusticeps , Listroderes annulipes , Listroderes apicalis , Listroderes bimaculatus , Listroderes brevirostris (MHNS), Listroderes brevisetis , Listroderes bruchi , Listroderes charybdis , Listroderes cinerarius , Listroderes confusus , Listroderes costirostris complex , Listroderes curvipes , Listroderes delaiguei , Listroderes desertorum , Listroderes elegans , Listroderes erinaceus (MHNS), Listroderes fallax , Listroderes foveatus , Listroderes hoffmanni , Listroderes howdenae , Listroderes leviculus (BMNH), Listroderes montanus , Listroderes nodifer , Listroderes obrieni , Listroderes paranensis , Listroderes punicola , Listroderes pusillus , Listroderes robustior , Listroderes robustus , Listroderes scylla , Listroderes trivialis (MHNS), Listroderes tuberculifer , Listroderes uruguayensis , Listroderes wagneri  and Listroderes wittei .PageBreakPascoe, 1865http://species-id.net/wiki/MethyporaMethypora Pascoe, 1865: 416.Methypora postica Pascoe, 1865 .Small (4.0\u20137.0 mm); vestiture of subcircular scales and setae; pronotum subcylindrical, lacking tubercles; scutellum visible; elytra not fused along interelytral suture, lacking series of declivital tubercles; female elytral apex produced; tibiae with spurs.Methypora is the sister genus to Rupanius.Methypora postica Pascoe, 1865 and Methypora tibialis Lea, 1911.Australia .Methypora postica (BMNH).Germain, 1895http://species-id.net/wiki/PhilippiusPhilippius Germain, 1895: 314.Listroderes superbus Reed, 1872 (subsequent designation by Large to very large (17.5\u201322.8 mm); vestiture of scales with finger-like processes and setae; mandible with 3-4 setae; pronotum wider than elytra; scutellum not visible; elytra subrectangular, fused along interelytral suture; tibiae lacking spurs; tarsomeres 3 subcylindrical.Philippius is the sister genus to Lamiarhinus.Philippius superbus .Andean region (Subantarctic subregion), in southern Argentina and southern Chile .Philippius superbus .Morrone, 1995http://species-id.net/wiki/RupaniusRupanius Morrone, 1995c: 604.Rupanius carinatus Morrone, 1995c.PageBreakSmall (5.3\u20136.6 mm); vestiture of seta-like scales and setae; pronotum transverse; elytra subrectangular, with carina on apical declivity, disc slightly convex, lacking anteapical tubercle.Rupanius is the sister genus to Methypora , and both are placed in Listroderina. In a previous analysis (Rupanius was placed in the Macrostyphlus generic group (= Macrostyphlina).analysis  RupaniusRupanius carinatus Morrone, 1995.South American Transition Zone , in Colombia .Rupanius carinatus (CMNC).Blanchard, 1849http://species-id.net/wiki/TrachodemaTrachodema Blanchard, 1849: pl. 24.Trachodema tuberculosa Blanchard, 1849 .Small to very small (2.5\u20135.3 mm); vestiture of scales with finger-like processes and setae; scape long (surpassing posterior margin of eye when resting in scrobe); pronotum transverse.Trachodema is the sister genus to Lamiarhinus-Philippius.Trachodema paolae Alonso-Zarazaga, 2012 and Trachodema tuberculosa Blanchard, 1849.Trachodema tuberculosa: Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. (Chenopodiaceae) (diaceae) .Andean region  .Trachodema paolae (MHNS) and Trachodema tuberculosa .Cryptorhynchus bicallosus Boheman, 1859: 139.Listroderes bicallosus ; Wibmer and O\u2019Brien, 1986: 113.Ecuador and Peru .PageBreakGermain, 1895Listroderes mus Germain, 1895: 102.Chile .Listroderini are basically a Gondwanan taxon, with Listronotus being the only genus distributed in North America. All the subtribes have Andean representatives , each showing a different pattern:The geographical distribution of the genera analysed indicates that Macrostyphlina: exclusively Andean, in both the Andean region  and the South American Transition Zone.1 Falklandiina: distributed in the Andean region (Subantarctic subregion) and New Zealand.2 Listroderina: distributed in the Andean region , the South American and Mexican Transition Zones and the Neotropical and Australian Temperate regions.3 Palaechthina: distributed in the Andean , Neotropical and Nearctic regions, the South American Transition Zone, the Tristan da Cunha-Gough islands, New Zealand and the Australian Temperate region.4 Listroderini are an ancient Gondwanan group. Several extinction events might have obscured the relationships among the areas.By replacing the genera for the areas where they are distributed, a taxon-area cladogram was obtained . The parPageBreak"}
{"text": "AbstractCossidae (Lepidoptera) of the Socotra Archipelago is revised. Five species are recognized, including two new species (Mormogystia brandstetteri and Meharia hackeri), and dubious identifications and records are discussed. Adults and genitalia are illustrated and bionomic details, DNA barcodes and a synonymic checklist for Socotran cossids are provided. A review of their distribution reveals that at least 80 percent of Socotra\u2019s cossids are unique to the archipelago, which is renowned for its endemism. A checklist listing all the species from generas Meharia, Mormogystia, Aethalopteryx, Azygophleps, as well as the synonymy and distribution is provided.The faunistic composition of the family  Lepidoptera of Socotra Islands/Yemen \u2013 an integrative study of the fauna for reconstruction of evolutionary scenarios and for determination of conservation needs\u201d, between the Zoologische Staatssammlung, , the Nature Research Centre  and Museum of Socotra Archipelago Conservation & Development Programme .This paper results from a collaborative project \u201cThe Lepidoptera conservation issues of the Socotra Archipelago, but was based primarily on information gained during those earlier expeditions. Collaboration of one of us (AS) with the SCDP, collecting from late February to early March and November 2008, March 2009 and January provided new data contributing to the understanding of Socotra\u2019s Cossidae fauna.Socotra, which lies 240 km east of the Horn of Africa and 380 km south of the Arabian Peninsula, is a well-known source of material for biogeography and evolution studies \u2013 a living laboratory with a high degree of endemism. It was explored by both English (described by Hampson 1899) and Austrian (described by The Socotra Archipelago consists of four islands with Socotra (130 kilometres in length and 30\u201340 kilometres in width) accounting for 95% of the archipelago\u2019s land mass. Socotra, regarded as one of the most alien looking places on earth, has three main geographical features: (1) narrow coastal plains, (2) a limestone plateau extending across most of the island with karst caves, deep valleys and steep escarpments from 300 to 700 m, and (3) the Haghier Mountains in the centre of the island, which rise to 1,519 m Socotra is a tropical desert with average highs between 27oC and 34oC and annual rainfall of only 130\u2013170 mm. Rain is more intense in the higher mountains, which form the most important watershed and where many periodical watercourses run to the north and south. Permanent springs can also be found there, especially on the northern side. Otherwise, springs and streams are sporadic relying on rainfall. Climate conditions, rainfalls and major wind systems are dominated by seasonal monsoons of the Indian Ocean with most rain occurring during the Northern Hemisphere winter. The monsoon season causes strong winds and high seas, which cut off the island completely during the time of the southwest monsoon from May to September .PageBreak animals are found nowhere else. Botanists rank Socotra\u2019s flora, including the extraordinary dragon\u00b4s blood tree Dracaena cinnabari,to be among the most important and endangered island floras of the world. It is generally suggested that the endemic plants and animals are relicts and descendants of ancient flora and fauna, which have survived since the Mesozoic era  and Azygophleps inclusa  which were mistakenly attributed to Socotra by Eremocossus proleuca which was erroneously synonymized by Eremocossus reibellii  does not occur on Socotra but was probably confused with one of the two new Cossidae species described in this paper. Azygophleps inclusa is distributed only in tropical Africa and differs from the similar Azygophleps larseni which is distributed in the Arabian peninsula and Socotra island.We present five Material was collected in February through early March and November 2008, March 2009 and January 2010 using artificial light.Cossidae specimens.DNA barcodes  were sequenced by Paul Hebert\u2019s laboratory at the University of Guelph for 15 \tlocus typus LT\tprivate collection of Aidas Saldaitis ASV\tNatural History Museum BMNH\tprivate collection of Johann Brandstetter JBW\tprivate collection of Lutz Lehmann LLE\tMus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle MNHN\tMuseum Thomas Witt /Zoologische Staatssammlung, M\u00fcnchen (Germany)MWM/ZSM\tNature Research Centre NRCV\tprivate collection of Roman Yakovlev RYB\tMuseum of Socotra Archipelago Conservation & Development ProgrammeSCDPGenusSchoorl, 1990http://species-id.net/wiki/MormogystiaMormogystiaCossus reibellii Oberth\u00fcr, 1876.  Schoorl, 1990, Zool. Verhandelingen 263: 75\u201378. Type species \u2013 Mormogystia is distinguished from all other Cossidae genus by having large silvery areas on the forewing. Cossidae genus to have such a high contrast pattern. Hindwings are uniform. Medium sized, brightly coloured moths. Male antennae bipectinate with very short processes; female antennal pecten much reduced. Large silvery areas on the forewing forming fasciae make this the only Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, with tapering or rounded broad apex; arms of gnathos short, fused to form a medium-size gnathos densely covered with small spines; valvae shovel-shaped, with pronounced sacculus and a large triangular costal projection; transtilla projections short, thick and uncinate; juxta saddle-shaped, with long lateral projections directed upwards; saccus massive, semicircular; aedeagus short, straight, thick; vesica opening located dorsoapically, its edges with short, spiny processes; vesica without cornutus.Female genitalia. Short oviductus; papillae anales wide, elliptic; apophyses posteriores \u2153 longer than apophyses anteriores; ostium broad, covered with falciform postvaginal plate; ductus wide, sclerotised; bursa membranous, sack-shaped, without signa.This small genus includes four species distributed in north Africa, Levante, Arabian peninsula and Kenya  .Saldaitis, Ivinskis & Yakovlev sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:48E8D1AE-EAD6-4DBD-AA0A-AC40BB375524http://species-id.net/wiki/Mormogystia_brandstetteriHolotype \u2642 . Slide No. BJ 1532 . lotype \u2642 , central \u2642 and \u2640 , with saMormogystia reibellii     , Mormogyn, 1896)  and Mormrf 1933)  in extereibellii and Mormoproleuca  uncus ap basally  unlike iMormogystia brandstetteri is endemic to the Socotra Archipelago while Mormogystia reibellii is distributed in North Africa and the northern part of the Arabian peninsula, Mormogystia proleuca is found in the southern part of the peninsula, and Mormogystia equatorialis is widespread in Kenya. Mormogystia proleuca to be endemic to the Socotra Archipelago and later Mormogystia reibellii from Socotra, but the new species described herein was probably implied. Mormogystia brandstetteri from Mormogystia proleuca, they help corroborate the morphological evidence. Evolutionary distances using the Kimura two-parameter model for comparing four specimens of Mormogystia brandstetteri to four Mormogystia proleuca and to three Mormogystia reibellii specimens, was at least 1.55% and 5.65%, respectively. While molecular results alone are insufficient to definitively separate Male: Forewing costal margin length of holotype 15 mm, wingspan 33 mm; mean forewing length of paratypes 16 mm, wingspan 35 mm; head, thorax, abdomen and tegulae grey; antennae bipectinate, \u00bd the length of forewing; ground colour of forewing black, with white silvery pattern. Three white silvery patches form the pattern: fascia of even width runs along the entire costal margin, median fascia widening medially reaches the outer margin of forewing; lower silver patch originates at basal edge and extends along dorsal wing margin to middle. This patch enclosed by ground colour; adterminal line white; fringe grey. Dorsal surface of forewing greyish-white; costal, outer and dorsal margins greyish-black. Hindwing uniform, white, with greyish black spot at costal margin. Female , Pelosia sokotrensis , Siccia butvilai Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2008, (Arctiidae), Cerocala socotrensis Hampson, 1899, Agrotis brachypecten Hampson, 1899, Leucania diopsis Hampson, 1905 and Mythimna sokotrensis Hreblay, 1996 (Noctuidae). Both males and females of the new species were strongly attracted to light and were distributed in almost all habitats of Socotra Island as well as the smaller islands of the archipelago \u2013 Samha and Abd al Kuri. m canyon , a primerohensis . Mormogy The new species is dedicated to our good friend Johann Brandstetter, an eminent German painter and entomologist.GenusChr\u00e9tien, 1915http://species-id.net/wiki/MehariaMehariaMeharia incurvariella Chr\u00e9tien, 1915.  Chr\u00e9tien, 1915, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 84: 367. Type \u2013 species: BlaliaBlalia vittata Rungs, [1943]. [Synonymy]  Rungs, 1943; Rungs, [1943], 1942, Bull. Soc. Sc. Nat. Maroc. 22: 174. Type species \u2013 Meharia is distinguished from all other Cossidae genus by a number of apomorphous characters: the specific \u201ctineoid appearance\u201d, the reduction of the lateral processes of the juxta, the specific dorsolateral sclerotization of the asymmetric aedeagus and the specific ribbon \u2013 like epiphysis. These are small to medium sized moths, females larger; eyes naked; male and female antennae bipectinate along their length; proboscis reduced; legs long, slender; foretibia bearing a ribbon-like epiphysis; forewing elongate, rounded on the outer margin; forewing pattern has alternate dark and pale spots and bands transversely; hindwing uniform.Male genitalia. Simple; uncus unpaired, short, beak-shaped; tegumen massive; arms of gnathos short, slightly broadened distally, fused to form small gnathos; valvae short, broad, with no harpe and processes costally; juxta without lateral processes, simple; saccus protruding backwards, small; aedeagus rather long, slightly curved and asymmetical due to dorsoapical sclerotisation.Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes short, slightly acute apically, covered with relatively short, thick bristles, in the shape of triangular sclerites, with long and rather wide apophyses posteriores on the lower part, strongly widening oar-like in PageBreakthe cranial fourth and bearing a slender membranous-like border; tergite and sternite of the 8th segment fused to form a complete circle; sternite slightly swollen, membranous caudally; tergite strongly elongate, bearing a pair of apophyses anteriores, widening oar-like cranially, approximately as long as \u00bd the length of apophyses posteriores; opening of ostium strongly protruding cranially, located on membrane between the 7th and 8th segments; ostium membranous, with poorly sclerotized lateral bands; antrum membranous, tube-shaped, 1\u00bd times longer than the 8th tergite, narrowing sharply, separate form membranous ductus bursae; corpus bursae membranous, saccular, without signa.Meharia have been reported so far , Pelosia sokotrensis , (Arctiidae),Cerocala socotrensis Hampson, 1899, Agrotis brachypecten Hampson, 1899, Plecoptera butkevicii Hacker & Saldaitis, 2010, Acantholipes canofusca Hacker & Saldaitis, 2010, Stenosticta wiltshirei Hacker, Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2010 (Noctuidae). Known only from the central part of Socotra Island. a Valley . The newm obesum . It flie The new species name is dedicated to Hermann Hacker, a prominent German lepidopterist, who has contributed much to the investigation of macro-moths of the Arabian peninsula and Africa.Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2010http://species-id.net/wiki/Meharia_yakovleviMeharia yakovlevi  Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2010a, Esperiana 15: 379.Male genitalia ; forewing long, with rounded Male genitalia. Uncus medium-sized, apically hooked; arms of gnathos absent; tegumen medium sized, usually wider than basal part of uncus; valvae with almostPageBreak straight margins and wide rounded apex; juxta medium-sized, with long, narrow, well-sclerotised lateral processes; saccus semicircular, massive; aedeagus thick, with long sclera forming aedeagus wall.Female genitalia. Forming long ovipositor; papilla analis stretched, slightly tapering towards apex; apophyses posteriores more than twice as long as apophyses anteriores which are forked basally; ductus short, wide, sclerotised at base; corpus sac-shaped, with a small star-like signum; bulla located on the apical part of bursa.Azygophleps have been reported    to SocotMale genitalia . er plants.Mormogystia reibellii , Hypopta reibellii Oberth\u00fcr, 1876, Et. Ent. 1: 40, pl. 4: fig. 1. LT: Biskra [Algeria]. Distribution: North part of Saudi Arabia, North Oman, UAE, Israel, Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Mauritania, Niger, Chad.Hypopta mussolinii Turati, 1927, Atti Soc. Ital. Scienze Naturali 66: 322, fig. 5. LT: Giarabub [NE Libya].= Hypopta cognata Kr\u00fcger, 1939, Ann. Mus. Libico Storia Nat. V. 1: 331\u2013332, Tav. 13: fig. 13\u201314. LT: Beni Ulid [Libya].= Hypopta reibelli \u2013 Wiltshire, 1980b, Jour. Oman Stud. Special report 2: 189; An incorrect subsequent spelling of reibellii Oberth\u00fcr, 1876.=Mormogystia proleuca , stat. n., Eremocossus proleuca Hampson in Walsingham et Hampson, 1896, Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 276, pl. 10: 24. LT: Aden, Yerbury [South Yemen]. Distributuion: Southern Saudi Arabia (Asir Mountains), South Oman (Dhofar), Yemen.Mormogystia equatorialis , Hypopta reibeli (sic!) Obt. ssp. equatorialis Le Cerf, 1933, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France: 158. LT: Lokitang, dans les monts Lubur, au Nord du lac Rodolphe . Distribution: N Kenya.Mormogystia brandstetteri Saldaitis, Ivinskis & Yakovlev sp. n.Meharia philbyi Bradley, 1952, Entomologist, LXXXXV (1074): 241\u2013242: LT: Arabia, Kashabiya [Saudi Arabia]. Distribution: Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman.Meharia acuta Wiltshire, 1982, Fauna Saudi Arab., 4:276, pl. 1: fig. 3, 3a. LT: wadi Hanaka [Saudi Arabia]. Distribution: Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen.Meharia hackeri Saldaitis, Ivinskis & Yakovlevsp. n.Meharia tanganyikae Bradley, 1952, Entomologist, LXXXXV (1074): 242\u2013244. LT: Tanganyika, Ngaruka. Distribution: E Africa.Meharia semilactea , Novit. zool., 12: 32, pl. 4 (12). LT: Nakheila, R. Atbara [NW Sudan]. Distribution: Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, UAE, Yemen, Egypt (Sinai peninsula), N Sudan, Morocco, Mauritania.Meharia yakovlevi Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2010a, Esperiana 15: 379. LT: hills near Hadibu, Socotra Island [Yemen]. N [North]. Distribution: Yemen (Socotra Isl.).Meharia incurvariella incurvariella Chr\u00e9tien, 1915, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1915: 368. LT: Biskra [Algeria]. Distribution: Algeria, Morocco.Blalia vittata Rungs, [1943], 1942, Bull. Soc. Sc. Maroc. 22 (1942): 174, pl. 1: fig. 17. LT: Maroc, Saharien, Od Khiruf [Morocco].= Meharia incurvariella persica ; Blalia vittata persica Wiltshire, 1946a, Proc. R. Ent. Soc. London, Ser. B, 15: 120. LT: Shiraz . Distribution: Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan.Meharia tancredii Sutton, 1963, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6 (13): 365\u2013366, fig. 1\u20132, 6. LT: Meyan Kaleh peninsula, N Iran. Distribution: N Iran.Meharia scythica D. Komarov et Zolotuhin, 2005. Nota lepid. 28 (1): 52\u201353, fig. 1\u20134. LT: [Russia] Astrakhan Prov., Akhtuba Distr., passing-track Martovsky, outsk. Bolshoe Bogdo Mt. Distribution: Russia, Volgograd and Astrakhan regions.Meharia fischeri Yakovlev & Saldaitis, 2008b, Eversmannia 15\u201316: 49. LT: Marokko [Morocco], Jbel Bani, 3 km S Tiggane, 18 km SW Tata. Distribution: Morocco.Meharia avicenna Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Iran, Hashtijan, 90 km S Gom. Distribution: Iran.Aethalopteryx atrireta , Phragmatoecia atrireta Hampson, 1910a, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 (6): 129; LT: Bechuanaland, Lake N\u2019gami [Botswana]. Distribution: Botswana, S Africa.Aethalopteryx obscurascens , Xyleutes obscurascens Gaede, 1930, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 14: 547, Taf. 79h; LT: Maraquo, Centr. Abyss. [Central Ethiopia]. Distribution: Ethiopia.Aethalopteryx obsolete , Xyleutes obscurascens obsolete Gaede, 1930, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 14: 547, Taf. 79g; LT: White Nile [Central Sudan]. Distribution: Sudan, Tanzania, Swaziland.PageBreakAethalopteryx steniptera , Duomitus pindarus Fawcett, 1916: 733; LT: Kenya, Kedai. Distribution: Kenya, Uganda, S Africa.Aethalopteryx wiltshirei Yakovlev, 2009, Euroasian Entomol. J; LT: Saudi Arabia, Azir, Al Foqa, Olea-Dodonea Zone. Distribution: Saudi Arabia.Aethalopteryx simillima , Xyleutes grandiplaga Gaede, 1930: 547; LT: Chad, Oubangui, Chari, Bangui [Central African Rep.]. Distribution: Central African Rep., Congo.Aethalopteryx tristis , Hyleutes tristis Gaede, 1915, D. Ent. Ztschr. Iris, 28: 147\u2013148.LT: Nama-Land [Namibia]. Distribution: Namibia, Kenya, S Africa.Aethalopteryx mesosticta , Duomitus squameus Distant, 1902, Entomologist, 35: 213; LT: Transvaal, Pretoria (S Africa). Distribution: South Africa, Botswana, Mozambique, Malawi, Ghana, Angola, Tanzania.Azygophleps atriplaga Le Cerf, 1919b, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 25: 30; LT: Rivi\u00e8re Kuando, fronti\u00e8re Sud-Est Angola-Rhodesia .= Aethalopteryx dictyotephra , Kyleutes (sic!) dictyotephra Clench, 1959, Ver\u00f6ff. zool. St. Samml. M\u00fcnch. 6: 13\u201314, pl. II: fig. 6\u20137; LT: SW Africa, Okahandja [Namibia]. Distribution: SW Africa.Aethalopteryx nilotica Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Sudan, Blue Nile Prov., Wadi Medani. Distribution: Sudan.Aethalopteryx anikini Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: S Africa, Free State, 15 km S Bloemhof, Sandveld N.R., S 27\u00b043'55\", E 25\u00b045'06\". Distribution: S Africa.Aethalopteryx forsteri , Xyleutes forsteri Clench, 1959, Ver\u00f6ff. zool. St. Samml. M\u00fcnch. 6: 14\u201315, pl. II: fig. 8\u20139; LT: SW Africa, Okahandja [Namibia]. Distribution: SW Africa.Aethalopteryx gyldenstolpei , Xyleutes gyldenstolpei Aurivillius, 1925, Ark. Zoology, 17A (32): 20; LT: Ituri . Distribution: Congo.Aethalopteryx masai Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Kenya, Kibwezi; Distribution: Kenya.Aethalopteryx elf Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Somalia m., Kisimayo. Distribution: Somalia.PageBreakAethalopteryx politzari Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Somalia m., Caanole Fluss. Distribution: Somalia, Tanzania, Kenya.Aethalopteryx gazelle Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Kenya, South Coast, Marenche forest. Distribution: Kenya.Aethalopteryx rudloffi Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Swaziland, Ndzevane area, Matala near Nsogo, 240 m, Akazien, Agaven Buscland, S 26\u00b058'; E 031\u00b058'. Distribution: Swaziland.Aethalopteryx kisangani Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Rep. Congo (Zaire), 17 km N Kisangani, Masako Field Stat., 388 m, N 00\u00b036'; E 25\u00b015', 02\u201308.02.2008. Distribution: Zaire.Aethalopteryx sulaki Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Kenya, Eastern Province, Umg. Meru, 2 km NE Isiolo, S 00\u00b021.623; E 37\u00b036.231. Distribution: Kenya.Azygophleps liturata , Zeuzera liturata Aurivillius, 1879, \u00d6fversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens 7: 48\u201349 LT: Damara [Namibia]. Distribution: Namibia, Botswana, S Africa .Zeuzera aurivillii Kirby, 1892, Cat. Lep. Het. 1: 872; Replacement name for Zeuzera liturata Aurivillius, 1879.= Azygophleps leopardina Distant, 1902, Entomologist 35: 213\u2013214; LT: Transvaal, Pretoria. Distribution: S Africa, Zambia, Namibia, Kenya.Azygophleps borchmanni Gr\u00fcnberg, 1910, Denkschriften Med.-Naturwiss. Ges. Jena. Vierter Bd.: 140; LT: Rietfontein [E Namibia].= Azygophleps leopardinae \u2013 Dalla-Torre, 1923, Lep. Cat.: 43; An incorrect subsequent spelling of Azygophleps leopardina Distant, 1902.= Azygophleps nubilosa Hampson, 1910; 1910a, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 (6): 129. LT: Uganda. Distribution: Uganda, Tanzania, S Africa.Azygophleps atrifasciata Hampson, 1910; 1910b, Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 481; LT: NE Rhodesia, Kalungwisi distr., High Plateau [Zambia]. Distribution: Zimbabwe, Zambia, Uganda, Kenya, Angola, Malawi, S Africa.Azygophleps regia , Zeuzera (?) regia Staudinger, 1891, Dtsch. Entomol. Ztschr. Iris 4: 253; LT: Hadjin [Turkey]. Distribution: Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq.Zeuzera regina \u2013 Wiltshire, 1957, Lep. Iraq: 146; An incorrect subsequent spelling of regia Staudinger, 1891.= Azygophleps afghanistanensis , Zeuzera regia afghanistanensis Daniel, 1964, Opuscula Zool. 77: 6; LT: O-Afghanistan, Sarobi, Gulbahar [E Afghanistan]. Distribution: Afghanistan.Azygophleps albofasciata , Zenzera (sic!) albofasciata Moore, 1879a, Descr. of new ind. lep. ins. from the coll. of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, M.A., F.L.S. & C.,PageBreak director of the Public Instruction, Bengal: 87; LT: Darjiling [India]. Distribution: India, Pakistan.Azygophleps confucianus Yakovlev, 2006; 2006b, Tinea 19(3): 205\u2013207, figs, 18\u201319, 54; LT: China, SE Tibet, Markam; Distribution: China .Azygophleps inclusa , Zeuzera inclusa Walker, 1856, List. Spec. Lepid. Ins. Brit. Mus. 7: 1534; LT: Port Natal . Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola, Malawi, Mosambique, Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho, Uganda, Congo, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Republic of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.Zeuzera petax Wallengren, 1860, Wien. Entomol. Monatshcr 4 (2): 43; LT: Caffraria orientali [S Africa].= Azygophleps larseni Yakovlev & Saldaitis, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: S. [South] Oman, Dhofar, Rakyut. Distribution: Iraq, Iran, Oman, Yemen, Socotra island.Azygophleps kovtunovitchi Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Lesotho, 45 km Mokhothand. Distribution: Lesotho.Azygophleps sheikh Yakovlev & Saldaitis, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 66: 1\u2013129. LT: W Saudi Arabia, N-Asir, 40 km W Taif, Distribution: Saudi Arabia, Yemen.Azygophleps sponda , Zeuzera sponda Walengren, 1875, \u00d6fver. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akad. F\u00f6rh. 32 (1): 96; LT: Transvaalia . Distribution: S Africa.Azygophleps cooksoni Pinhey, 1968; 1968, Ann. Transvaal Mus. 25 (9): 156, pl. 13: fig. 2; LT: Muden, Natal. Distribution: Southern Africa .Azygophleps melanophele Hampson, 1910; 1910a, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 (6): 130; LT: S Nigeria, Sapele [Kenya]. Distribution: Central Africa.Azygophleps ganzelkozikmundi Yakovlev, 2009, Euroasian Entomol. J. 8 (3): 359\u2013360; LT: Uele, Paulis [Congo]. Distribution: Camerun, Congo.Azygophleps asylas , Phalaena asylas Cramer, 1779, De uitlandsche kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America, by een verzameld en beschreeven: 61\u201362, pl. CXXXVII (C); LT: Cape [S Africa]. Distribution: Central to Southern Africa.Zeuzera strigulosa Walker, 1856, List Spec. Lep. Ins. Brit. Museum 7: 1534;LT: Cape [S Africa].= Zeuzera canadensis Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, [1854], Sammlung aussereurop\u00e4scher Schmetterlinge: 58, Fig. 168; LT: Quebec (error).= Azygophleps pusilla , Zeuzera pusilla Walker, 1856, List Spec. Lep. Ins. Brit. Museum 7: 1538; LT: North India. Distribution: India.Azygophleps albovittata Bethune-Baker, 1908, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2: 263; LT: N Nigeria, Lokoja District; Distribution: Nigeria, Ghana, Uganda, Congo, Kenya, Guinea, Zimbabwe.Azygophleps pallens , Phragmataecia pallens Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, [1854], Samml. aussereurop. Schmett. 1 (1), Taf. [35]: 169; LT: Guinea. Distribution: Sierra-Leone, Uganda, Nigeria, Cameroon, Kenya, Sudan.Azygophleps simplex Aurivillius, 1905, Owk. f. Zool. 2 (12): 42; LT: [Nigeria]. Distribution: Nigeria.PageBreakAzygophleps liliyae Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Tanzania, Mbulu in town, 1800 m, S 03\u00b052'00\", E 035\u00b032'17\". Distribution: Tanzania.Azygophleps legraini Yakovlev & Saldaitis, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Cameroon, Adamaoua, nr. Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Ngaoundaba; Distribution: Cameroon.Azygophleps godswindow Yakovlev & Saldaitis, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66: 1\u2013129. LT: RSA [Republic South Africa], Mpumalanga, nr. Graskop, 1750 m, God\u2019s Window Rd. Distribution: S Africa.Azygophleps otello Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66: 1\u2013129. LT: Mauritania, Boghe. Distribution: Mauritania.Azygophleps equatorialis Yakovlev, 2011, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66: 1\u2013129. LT: \u2642, Congo, Odzala NP, 0,23N; 14,50E. Distribution: Congo.Azygophleps scalaris , Phalaena  scalaris Fabricius, 1775, Syst, Ent.: 590; LT: China; Distribution: Pakistan, India, China, Sri-Lanka, Maynmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Mauritania, Somali, Senegal, Republic of C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Congo, Kenya, Angola, Namibia, Tanzania, Sudan.Zeuzera bivittata Walker, 1865, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. 32 (suppl. 2): 586\u2013587; LT: North Hindostan.= Azygophleps aburae , Zeuzera aburae Pl\u00f6tz, 1880, Ent. Zeit. Stetting: 77; LT: Bei Aburi [Ghana]. Distribution: Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ghana, Cameroon, Sudan.Azygophleps boisduvalii , Zeuzera boisduvalii Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1854, Samml. aussereurop. Schmett., 1 (1): 58, Taf. 35: 167; LT: Gatam (Sierra Leone). Distribution: Africa .PageBreak"}
{"text": "The name of the fourth author was incompletely given. The correct name is: Francesc Sard\u00e0-Palomera. The correct citation is: Moreno R, Jover L, Diez C, Sard\u00e0-Palomera F, Sanpera C (2013) Ten Years after the Prestige Oil Spill: Seabird Trophic Ecology as Indicator of Long-Term Effects on the Coastal Marine Ecosystem. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77360. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077360. The correct abbreviation in the Author Contributions statement is: FSP."}
{"text": "International Journal of Molecular Science is instituting an annual award to recognize outstanding papers in the area of chemistry, molecular physics and molecular biology published in International Journal of Molecular Science.International Journal of Molecular Science Best Paper Award\u201d for 2014 [International Journal of Molecular Science from all papers published in 2010. The awards are issued to reviews and articles separately. We are pleased to announce that the following five papers have been chosen:We are pleased to announce the third \u201cParul Vatsa, Lisa Sanchez, Christophe Clement, Fabienne Baillieul and Stephan DoreyDietary Protection Against Free Radicals: A Case for Multiple Testing to Establish Structure-activityRelationships for Antioxidant Potential of Anthocyanic Plant SpeciesInt. J. Mol. Sci.2010, 11(12), 5095\u20135108; doi:10.3390/ijms11125095http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/11/12/5095Available online: Junko Okuda-Shimazaki, Saiko Takaku, Koki Kanehira, Shuji Sonezaki and Akiyohshi TaniguchiEffects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Aggregate Size on Gene ExpressionInt. J. Mol. Sci.2010, 11(6), 2383\u20132392; doi:10.3390/ijms11062383http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/11/6/2383Available online: Giuseppe Calogero, Gaetano Di Marco, Silvia Cazzanti, Stefano Caramori, Roberto Argazzi, Aldo Di Carlo and Carlo Alberto BignozziEfficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Red Turnip and Purple Wild Sicilian Prickly Pear FruitsInt. J. Mol. Sci.2010, 11(1), 254\u2013267; doi:10.3390/ijms11010254http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/11/1/254Available online: Kati Hanhineva, Riitta T\u00f6rr\u00f6nen, Isabel Bondia-Pons, Jenna Pekkinen, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Hannu Mykk\u00e4nen and Kaisa PoutanenImpact of Dietary Polyphenols on Carbohydrate MetabolismInt. J. Mol. Sci.2010, 11(4), 1365\u20131402; doi:10.3390/ijms11041365http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/11/4/1365Available online: Sonia De Pascual-Teresa, Diego A. Moreno and Cristina Garc\u00eda-VigueraFlavanols and Anthocyanins in Cardiovascular Health: A Review of Current EvidenceInt. J. Mol. Sci.2010, 11(4), 1679\u20131703; doi:10.3390/ijms11041679http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/11/4/1679Available online: International Journal of Molecular Science and the scientific research field. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of International Journal of Molecular Science, we would like to congratulate these three teams for their excellent work. In recognition of their accomplishment, Dr. Stephan Dorey, Dr. Akiyohshi Taniguchi and Dr. Carlo Alberto Bignozzi will receive prizes of CHF 1000, CHF 800, and CHF 500, respectively, and the privilege of publishing an additional paper free of charge in Open Access format in International Journal of Molecular Science, after the usual peer-review procedure. Dr. Kati Hanhineva and Dr. Diego A. Moreno will receive the privilege of publishing an additional research article free of charge in Open Access format in International Journal of Molecular Science, after the usual peer-review procedure.We believe that these five exceptional papers are valuable contributions to Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Molecular Diagnostics\u2019Prof. Dr. Stephen A. BustinPostgraduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UKstephen.bustin@anglia.ac.ukE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Molecular Recognition\u2019Prof. Dr. Ian A. NichollsBioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory Linn\u00e6us University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry and School of Chemistry & Biomedicine Linn\u00e6us University, Kalmar SE-39182, Swedenian.nicholls@lnu.seE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Molecular Toxicology\u2019Dr. Michael IbaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USAiba@eohsi.rutgers.eduE-Mail:"}
{"text": "The second author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Aref Bin Abdulhak. The correct citation is: Tleyjeh IM, Bin Abdulhak A, Riaz M, Garbati MA, Al-Tannir M, et al. (2013) The Association between Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonist Use and Clostridium difficile Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 8(3): e56498. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056498"}
{"text": "Marine Drugs, we would like to start an annual \u201cBest Paper Award\u201d. To recognize the most outstanding papers in the area of research, development and production of drugs from the sea, including marine natural product chemistry, that have been published in Marine Drugs Best Paper Award\u201d for 2013. Nominations were selected by the Editor-in-Chief and Associate Editors of Marine Drugs from all papers published in 2009; reviews and articles being evaluated separately. The following three papers have won this award: We are therefore pleased to announce the first \u201cJason C. Kwan, Kanchan Taori, Valerie J. Paul and Hendrik Luesch * Lyngbya semiplenaLyngbyastatins 8\u201310, Elastase Inhibitors with Cyclic Depsipeptide Scaffolds Isolated from the Marine Cyanobacterium Mar. Drugs2009, 7(4), 528-538; doi:10.3390/md7040528http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/7/4/528Available online: Sigrid Hakv\u00e5g, Espen Fj\u00e6rvik, Geir Klinkenberg, Sven Even F. Borgos, Kjell D. Josefsen, Trond E. Ellingsen and Sergey B. Zotchev *Collimonas sp. from the Sea Surface Microlayer of Coastal Waters in Tr\u00f8ndelag, Norway Violacein-Producing Mar. Drugs2009, 7(4), 576-588; doi:10.3390/md7040576http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/7/4/576Available online: Barbara Forte, Beatrice Malgesini, Claudia Piutti, Francesca Quartieri, Alessandra Scolaro and Gianluca Papeo * A Submarine Journey: The Pyrrole-Imidazole Alkaloids Mar. Drugs2009, 7(4), 705-753; doi:10.3390/md7040705http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/7/4/705Available online: Marine Drugs and drug discovery research. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of Marine Drugs, we would like to congratulate these three teams for their excellent work. In recognition of their accomplishment, Dr. Hendrik Luesch and Dr. Sergey B. Zotchev will receive a prize of 600 CHF and 400 CHF, respectively, and the privilege to publish an additional paper free of charge in open access format in Marine Drugs, after the usual peer-review procedure. Dr. Gianluca Papeo will also be awarded the privilege of publishing an additional research paper free of charge in open access format in Marine Drugs, after the usual peer-review procedure. We believe these three exceptional papers are valuable contributions to Editor-in-Chief\u00a0Prof. Dr. Hartmut LaatschInstitute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of G\u00f6ttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germanyhlaatsc@gwdg.deE-Mail: Associate\u00a0EditorProf. Dr. Guido CiminoIstituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (CNR) Via Campi Flegrei, 84, I-80078 Pozzuoli Napoli, Italyguido.cimino@icb.cnr.itE-Mail: Associate\u00a0EditorProf. Dr. Jordan K. ZjawionyDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USAjordan@olemiss.eduE-Mail: Associate\u00a0EditorProf. Dr. Nobuhiro FusetaniGraduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-8611, Japananobu@fish.hokudai.ac.jpE-Mail: Associate\u00a0EditorProf. Dr. Alejandro M. MayerProfessor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CCOM, Midwestern University, 555 31st. Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USAamayer@midwestern.eduE-Mail:"}
{"text": "The second author's name was misspelled. The correct name is Frederik Staikowsky.The correct citation is: Schilte C, Staikowsky F, Couderc T, Madec Y, Carpentier F, et al. (2013) Chikungunya Virus-associated Long-term Arthralgia: A 36-month Prospective Longitudinal Study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(3): e2137. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002137"}
{"text": "Corrigendum to Simic P, Zainabadi K, Bell E, Sykes DB, Saez B, Lotinun S, Baron R, Scadden D, Schipani E, Guarente L (2013) SIRT1 regulates differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by deacetylating \u03b2-catenin. EMBO Mol Med DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201606The authors of the above research article regret that an error occurred during selection of images shown in The conclusions of the article remain unchanged."}
{"text": "There is an error in the third author's name. The correct spelling is Andres E. Carrillo. The correct citation is: Flouris AD, Metsios GS, Carrillo AE, Jamurtas AZ, Stivaktakis PD, et al. (2012) Respiratory and Immune Response to Maximal Physical Exertion following Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Healthy Adults. PLoS ONE 7(2): e31880. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031880"}
{"text": "This article was republished on January 27th, 2014 to correct an error in the title. Please see the correct citation here:Y. pestis Activates a Potent Innate Immune Response Affording Cross-Protection against Yersiniosis and Tularemia. PLoS ONE 8(12): e83560. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083560Zauberman A, Flashner Y, Levy Y, Vagima Y, Tidhar A, et al. (2013) YopP-Expressing Variant of"}
{"text": "AbstractAcupalpa Kr\u00f6ber, 1912 and Pipinnipons Winterton, 2001 (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae) are revised. Twelve new species of Acupalpa are described, while Acupalpa imitans , comb. n. is transferred from Pipinnipons and Acupalpa albimanis , comb. n. is transferred from Ectinorhynchus Macquart as a senior synonym of Acupalpa pollinosa Mann. The total number of species of Acupalpa is therefore increased to 19: Acupalpa albimanis (Kr\u00f6ber), comb. n., Acupalpa albitarsa Mann, Acupalpa bohartisp. n., Acupalpa divisa , Acupalpa dolichorhynchasp. n., Acupalpa glossasp. n., Acupalpa imitans (White), comb. n., Acupalpa irwini Winterton, Acupalpa melanophaeossp. n.,Acupalpa miaboolyasp. n., Acupalpa minutasp. n., Acupalpa minutoidessp. n., Acupalpa notomelassp. n., Acupalpa novayamarnasp. n., Acupalpa rostrata Kr\u00f6ber, Acupalpa semirufa Mann, Acupalpa westralicasp. n., Acupalpa yalgoosp. n. and Acupalpa yanchepsp. n. Three new species of Pipinnipons are described, increasing the total number of species to five: Pipinnipons chauncyvallissp. n., Pipinnipons fascipennis (Kr\u00f6ber), Pipinnipons kampmeieraesp. n., Pipinnipons kroeberi Winterton, and P. sphecodasp. n.Pipinnipons and Acupalpa are rediagnosed in light of the new species presented herein and revised keys to species are included. A dichotomous key to genera of Australasian Therevidae is included. As an empirical example of cybertaxonomy, taxonomic descriptions were composed using a character matrix developed in Lucid Builder (in Structured Descriptive Data (SDD) format) to generate natural language descriptions supplemented by online specimen and image databases. Web resources are provided throughout the document including: a) links to high resolution colour images of all species on Morphbank, b) registration of authors, publications, taxon names and other PageBreaknomenclatural acts in Zoobank, with assignment of Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) for each, c) links to Genbank accession records for DNA sequences, and d) assignment of LSIDs to specimen records with links to respective records in an online Therevidae specimen database.Australian stiletto flies of the sister-genera  Agapophytinae is comprised of 23 described genera restricted in the Australasia region, yet with three additional described genera endemic to Chile and Argentina , comb. n. , Acupalpa albitarsa Mann, 1929, Acupalpa divisa , Acupalpa imitans , comb. n., Acupalpa irwini Winterton, 2000, Acupalpa rostrata Kr\u00f6ber, 1912, and Acupalpa semirufa Mann, 1929. Pipinnipons includes two previously described species: Pipinnipons fascipennis  and Pipinnipons kroeberi Winterton, 2001.The stiletto fly subfamily rgentina . Acupalplagellum . AgapophAcupalpa are described herein: Acupalpa boharti sp. n., Acupalpa dolichorhyncha sp. n., Acupalpa glossa sp. n., Acupalpa melanophaeos sp. n., Acupalpa miaboolya sp. n., Acupalpa minuta sp. n., Acupalpa minutoides sp. n., Acupalpa notomelas sp. n., Acupalpa novayamarna sp. n., Acupalpa westralica sp. n., Acupalpa yalgoo sp. n., and Acupalpa yanchep sp. n. Many of these species are from Western Australia, indicating a rich diversity of this genus in the western region of the continent. Addition of these new species significantly broadens the concept of Acupalpa beyond the characters defining the genus in previous treatments , comb. n. is transferred from Pipinnipons based on the discovery of new material matching the original description, while Acupalpa albimanis , comb. n. is transferred from Ectinorhynchus Macquart, 1850 as the latter is a senior subjective synonym of Acupalpa pollinosa. Three new species of Pipinnipons are described, increasing the total number of species to five: Pipinnipons chauncyvallis sp. n., Pipinnipons fascipennis, Pipinnipons kampmeierae sp. n., Pipinnipons kroeberi, and Pipinnipons sphecoda sp. n. A key to Australasian stiletto fly genera is also included.Twelve new species of nts i.e. , therefoPageBreak The concept itself is not new, with single zoological registries , with increased efficiency in data handling through the use of online databases for information such as label metadata, specimen images, name registration, semantic mark-up and natural language descriptions from character matrices . The conies e.g.  and rapiies e.g.  espousedies e.g. . The metsensusensuAdult morphological terminology follows QM), Australian Museum (Sydney) (AMS), Australian National Insect Collection (Canberra) (ANIC), Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, M\u00fcncheberg, Germany (DEI), University of Queensland Insect Collection (Brisbane) (UQIC), University of California, Davis, Bohart Museum (UCDC), Western Australian Museum (Perth) (WAM), Michael E. Irwin private collection [to be ultimately housed in the California Academy of Sciences] (MEIC/CAS), Greg Daniels private collection [to be ultimately housed in the Australian Museum] (GDCB/AMS), Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, (NMW), Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH), University of California, Riverside (UCR), Universit\u00e4t von Hamburg Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum (ZMUH). All types have been examined. Numbers quoted with individual specimens as MEI000000 are unique identifiers in the therevid database MANDALA and are attached to each specimen as a yellow or white label (Therevidae specimen database and Discover Life (http://www.discoverlife.org). Note that PageBreaksome web browsers are not able to read and format RSS  feeds and/or XML without additional software extensions or plug-ins. Details of current issues with select web browsers and LSID resolvers can be found on the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) LSID resolver website (http://lsid.tdwg.org/). Material examined lists were exported from MANDALA. Descriptions were constructed using Lucid Builder 3.5, using a matrix database of character states, which were then exported using a natural language function into XML and a text document. Links are provided to Genbank accession records for DNA sequences where available. Specimen images were taken using a digital camera with a series of images montaged using Helicon Focus (\u00a9HeliconSoft). Descriptions are aided by the provision of embedded URL links in the document to high-resolution digital images of all species in Morphbank. All nomenclatural acts are registered in Zoobank as per the recent proposed amendment to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature for a universal register for animal names (Types are deposited in the following institutions and collections: Queensland Museum Brisbane) , comb. n., Acupalpa albitarsa Mann, Acupalpa boharti sp. n., Acupalpa divisa , Acupalpa dolichorhyncha sp. n., Acupalpa glossa sp. n., Acupalpa imitans (White), comb. n., Acupalpa irwini Winterton, Acupalpa melanophaeos sp. n., Acupalpa miaboolya sp. n., Acupalpa minuta sp. n., Acupalpa minutoides sp. n., Acupalpa notomelas sp. n., Acupalpa novayamarna sp. n., Acupalpa rostrata Kr\u00f6ber, Acupalpa semirufa Mann, Acupalpa westralica sp. n., Acupalpa yalgoo sp. n., Acupalpa yanchep sp. n.(Kr\u00f6ber)comb. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:911E11F8-66AF-41CF-9B32-8C4B4D744C6Ahttp://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_albimanisEctinorhynchus albimanus-nec. Acupalpa pollinosaAcutipalpa polinosa]; Ectinorhynchus albimanus Kr\u00f6ber, 1914 -Holotype female \u2018N. Holl. [Neu Holland] 878 IV/ TYPE (ANIC29_003432) (NMW).Acupalpa pollinosa Mann, 1929 -Holotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Brisbane, 18.ix.1914, H. Hacker (MEI029468) [D3283] (QM). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 2 males, Brisbane, 24.ix.1914, 24.ix.1923, H. Hacker  (QM).Frons profile concave above antenna; antenna black; wing dark banded; legs black with basitarsus and second tarsomere white; abdomen black, overlain with silver velutum in male.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile transversely concave above antennae, pubescence as two silver patches along eye margin, vestiture as minute setae; frons surface texture as irregular longitudinal striations; face projecting anteriorly, vestiture with dark to pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts relatively short ; palpus brown-black, acuminate; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape brown to black, length much shorter than flagellum, with sparse black setae ventrally; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short, dark setae. Thorax. Scutum uniform grey-black; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings dark banded infuscate; haltere knob white, stem dark brown; coxae and femora brown to black; tibia dark; tarsi dark, basal \u00be of fore-basitarsus and entire second PageBreaktarsomere cream to white. Scutal chaetotaxy (macrosetae pairs): np , 4; sa , 1; pa , 1; dc , 2\u20133; sc (scutellar), 1. Abdomen. Black, covered with silver velutum dorsally on tergites ; terminalia pale.Body length= 6.9\u20139.3 mm. Ectinorhynchus albimanis is herein transferred to Acupalpa with Acupalpa pollinosa becoming a junior synonym of Acupalpa albimanis comb. n. Ectinorhynchus albimanis based on a series of specimens, but clearly did not examine the type, as his redescription does not match that in Acupalpa albimanis is morphological similar to Acupalpa albitarsa and Acupalpa yanchep sp. n. The colouration of abdomen and tarsi is diagnostic for this species.Mannurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:44480644-4D44-460F-9092-7E610A4767F0Genbank Accession: AF150967http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_albitarsaAcupalpa albitarsaPageBreakHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Brisbane, 24.ix.1914, H. Hacker  (MEI029448) [D3282] (QM). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 4 males, same data as holotype,  (QM).Frons profile rounded above antenna; antenna black, scape sometimes brown; wing irregularly banded; pleuron black; tarsi white with brown to black basitarsus; abdomen with sparse silver velutum on anterior segments .Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle; profile rounded above antenna, pubescence sparse silver-grey; frontal vestiture as minute setae, texture verrucous; face shape broadly rounded, vestiture with dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts elongate and projecting anteriorly, or relatively short; palpus brown-black, acuminate; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised; antenna longer than head; scape brown or black, length approximately equal to flagellum, with sparse black setae; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short, dark setae. Thorax. Scutum light grey to black, setal bases glossy black; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence; wing markings irregularly banded; haltere knob white; coxae black; femora brown to black; tibia dark, lighter basally; tarsi white with basitarsi dark. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 3\u20134; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2\u20133; sc, 1. Abdomen. Entirely black, segments 5\u20138 sometimes orange dorsally; silver velutum dorsally on tergites (1\u20133), bronze medially; terminalia dark  or pale .Body length= 7.4\u20139.7 mm. Acupalpa albitarsa and the closely related Acupalpa yanchep sp. n., separates these species from all other Acupalpa. Acupalpa albitarsa is an eastern species while Acupalpa yanchep sp. n. is western. Females are difficult to distinguish but males differ in the shape of the frons and in general body shape and size. The white patterning of the scutum is less pronounced in this species.The distinctive tarsal colouration of urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8F89524D-85C5-4332-86AC-D278AB724C1Dhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_bohartiHolotype female, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Norseman, , 24.xi.1979, R. M. Bohart (MEI029500) (UCDC). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: male, female, Norseman, , 24.xi.1979, R. M. Bohart  (UCDC).Body size relatively small; frons rounded above antenna; scutum glossy black with bronze pubescence; tibia yellow with dark apices, fore tibia white-cream; abdomen black, without velutum.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded above antenna, glabrous; frontal vestiture as minute setae, texture smooth; face broadly rounded, glabrous; gena with pale setae; parafacial PageBreakPageBreakglabrous; mouthparts elongate, projecting anteriorly, or sometimes relatively short; palpus brown-black, acuminate; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base flat; frons roughly level with eye in profile; antenna longer than head; scape brown or black, length shorter than flagellum, with sparse black setae; flagellum black or brown, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum glossy black, overlain with sparse bronze pubescence; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence; wing markings weakly infuscate with pale band midway, hyaline ocellations basally; haltere knob orange-yellow; coxae black; femora brown to black; tibia yellow, apices dark on mid and hind tibia, fore tibia white-cream; tarsi black; mid and hind basitarsi pale basally. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 4\u20136; sc, 1. Abdomen. Black, silver velutum absent, terminalia dark.Body length= 5.0\u20136.0 mm. Acupalpa boharti sp. n. is a small, dark species similar to Acupalpa miaboolya sp. n. This species is known only from the type series collected in southwestern Australia. The small body size and leg and body colouration are diagnostic for this species.This species is named in honour of the collector, R. M. Bohart.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:318DBAA4-B88A-4276-897B-643F78FA4AA5Genbank Accession: AF150966http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_divisaDimassus divisusEctinorrhynchus divisus  - Acupalpa semiflavaAcupalpa divisa  - Dimassus divisus-Holotype female, AUSTRALIA (OUMNH).Acupalpa semiflava- Holotype female, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Brisbane, 24.ix.1914, H. Hacker (MEI029471) (QM). Paratypes:Queensland: 3 females, Brisbane, 24.ix.1912, 14.x.1913, 10.x.1916, H. Hacker  (QM).Queensland: male, Barakula State Forest, Hellhole Creek, Auburn Rd., 52062, 13.x.2004, Queensland Museum party, open forest, hand collected  (ANIC29_016460) (QM).AUSTRALIA: PageBreak.Frons profile concave above antenna; antenna black; pleuron black; wing dark banded; femora and tibia black; abdomen black, segments 1\u20133 yellow at least laterally; abdominal velutum present in maleHead. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile transversely concave above antennae, pubescence as silver patches along eye margin, frontal vestiture as minute setae, texture as irregular longitudinal striations; face produced anteriorly, vestiture with dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts elongate, projecting anteriorly, or sometimes relatively short; palpus brown-black, acuminate; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised, antennal length approximately equal to head; scape black, length approximately equal to flagellum, with sparse black setae; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum uniform grey-black, sometimes with faint white stripes; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings dark banded infuscate; haltere knob white; coxae black; femora brown to black; tibia black; tarsi black; fore basitarsus white distally, 2nd tarsomere basally, remaining basitarsi yellowish. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3\u20134; sc, 1. Abdomen. Segments 2\u20133 yellow, remaining segments black , silver velutum dorsally on tergites  or absent ; terminalia dark.Body length= 6.5\u20138.0 mm. Acupalpa divisa has long been unknown, and herein described for the first time. Acupalpa pollinosa, but has been subsequently proved incorrect as corresponding sexes of both species are now known.The male of urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:56FF95E1-D936-4DBA-8EBF-3A6E79B24116http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_dolichorhynchaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 11 km N Cataby, 29.x.1987, M. E. Irwin & E. I. Schlinger, sweeping Leptospernum flowers  (MEI029507) (ANIC). Paratype. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: female, same data as holotype (MEI029506) (ANIC).Mouthparts elongate; frons profile rounded above antenna; antenna black; scutum glossy black; pleuron black; wing dark banded; abdominal segments 1\u20133 orange, rest black; abdominal velutum absent.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle , profile rounded above antenna, pubescence absent, glabrous, frontal vestiture glabrous or as minute setae, surface texture smooth; face shape broadly rounded, expansive, vestiture with dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts elongate, projecting anteriorly; palpus brown-black, narrowly cylindrical; occiput overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence; antennal base flat, frons roughly level with eye in profile; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape black with sparse black setae, length shorter than flagellum; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum glossy black, overlain with faint stripes of grey pubescence; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black,PageBreak overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings faintly banded infuscate; haltere knob white; coxae black; femora brown to black; tibia brown or black; tarsi dark, basitarsi pale, dark distally, fore-basitarsus entirely white. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. Segments 1-3 orange, remaining segments black, silver velutum absent; terminalia dark.Body length= 7\u201310 mm. Acupalpa dolichorhyncha sp. n. is a distinctive species with elongate mouthparts and orange-banded abdominal segments 1\u20133. This western species is morphologically similar to Acupalpa melanophaeos sp. n., also from Western Australia, and Acupalpa glossa sp. n. from Victoria.dolichos, long; rhynchus, snout, referring to the elongate mouthparts.The specific epithet is derived from Gr. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:60BC378C-1247-4CB5-A194-755C00BC5567http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_glossaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Victoria: 5 km S Rocket Lake, Murray-Sunset N.P., 34.39\u00b0S, 141.49\u00b0E, 25.xi.1992, swept, McEvey, Moulds, McAlpine (MEI165183) (AMS). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Victoria: male, 2 females, Murray-PageBreakSunset N.P., Millewa South Bore track, 20.7 km S Shearers Quarters, 17\u201323.xi.2002, C. Lambkin, D. Yeates, N. Starick, J. Recsei, 34\u00b045'02\"S, 141\u00b003'56\"E [Malaise trap]  (ANIC).Frons profile rounded above antenna; antenna black; scutum glossy black; pleuron orange to brown, darker posteriorly; wing banded infuscate; femora orange; tibia black; abdomen black, without velutum.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded above antenna, glabrous, sometimes with silver patches of pubescence along eye margin, frontal vestiture as minute setae, surface texture smooth; face broadly rounded, vestiture as dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts elongate, projecting anteriorly; palpus brown-black, narrowly cylindrical; occiput overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence; antennal base flat; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape brown, shorter than flagellum, with sparse black setae; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum black, overlain with grey pubescence; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron dark, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence, denser anteriorly and posteriorly, sparse around midway; wing banded infuscate; haltere knob white; coxae dark, overlain with dense silver pubescence; femora orange; tibia orange, darker distally; fore basitarsus white, 2nd tarsomere white basally, remaining basitarsi cream, darker distally. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. Segments 2\u20133 orange, rest black, intersegmental membranes white on segments 2\u20133, silver velutum absent; terminalia dark.Body length= 7.0\u20139.0 mm. Acupalpa glossa sp. n. is similar to Acupalpa dolichorhyncha sp. n. in colour pattern and elongated mouthparts, but is easily differentiated based on leg colour. This species is known only from the type series collected in Victoria.glossa, tongue, referring to the elongate mouthparts.The specific epithet is derived from Gr. (White)comb. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:749A106A-0357-4AAF-A88B-E2E46ECA7B9Ahttp://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_imitansPhycus imitansAgapophytus imitans : 28 - MaPipinnipons imitans : 28 - WiAcupalpa imitans : 28, comType female, AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: Wedge Bay, 3.i.1914, G.H. Hardy [lost].Neotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Indooroopilly, Long Pocket , 22.viii\u20137.ix.2007, S. L. Winterton, Malaise trap (MEI165187) (QM).PageBreakQueensland: female, Brisbane Forest Park, Scrub Road, crossing at Enoggera Creek, , 200m, 10\u201314.xi.1995, malaise trap, M.E. Irwin. (MEI140857) (QM); male, Tambourine, , 12.vi.1925 (\u201cAllotype\u201d of MEI023602) (QM); female, Mount Tamborine, , 29.xi.1925, hand netted, H. Hacker (MEI108898) (QM).AUSTRALIA: Frons profile rounded above antenna; antenna dark yellow; pleuron black; wing dark banded; femora orange to yellow; tibia yellow; abdomen dark, segments 2\u20133 red-brown laterally, without silver velutum.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle  or narrower , profile rounded above antenna, pubescence as silver patches along eye margin, frontal vestiture glabrous, surface texture as irregular longitudinal striations or smooth; face as narrow strip below antennal base, vestiture glabrous; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts relatively short ; palpus brown-black, narrowly cylindrical; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base flat, frons roughly level with eye in profile (or near so); antenna longer than head; scape dark yellow, length approximately equal to flagellum, scape with sparse black setae; flagellum dark yellow, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum black, overlain with grey pubescence, brown stripes of pubescence more expansive posteriorly; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings banded infuscate; haltere knob white; coxae black; femora orange or yellow; tibia yellow, apices sometimes dark; tarsi yellow, fore-basitarsus white. Scutal chaetotaxy: PageBreaknp 4\u20135; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. Dark, segments 2\u20133 red-brown medially, orange laterally, silver velutum absent  or small triangular patches on tergites 2\u20133 ; terminalia pale.Body length= 6.3\u20137.0 mm. Phycus imitans was kept in the G.H. Hardy collection, which was moved from Brisbane to Katoomba, but is now apparently lost or destroyed by pests. While not stating whether he actually examined the type, Agapophytus based on an unjustified allotype designation and associated female from southeast Queensland. Pipinnipons based on the description of Acupalpa imitans were located in the QM collection and no further material has been collected from Tasmania. Based on the discovery of new material from southeast Queensland more closely matching the original description by MEI165187) is herein designated as a Neotype to stabilise the concept of the species. This problematic species has characteristics that indicate a closer relationship to species of Acupalpa  and is herein transferred from Pipinnipons.The type of Wintertonurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6C3A49B8-6E77-4C55-B5D9-C77636280ECBhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_irwiniAcupalpa irwiniHolotype female, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 7.5 km WSW Lake Cronin, 32\u00b023\u2019S, 119\u00b046\u2019E, 19\u201326.ix.1978, T. F. Houston et al. (MEI029876) (WAM). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: female, same data as holotype, (MEI029877) (WAM); male, 3 females, 53 km E Hyden nr. Emu Rock, 24\u201327.x.1985, R. W. Thorpe  (UCDC).Frons profile rounded above antenna; face projecting anteriorly; antenna black; scutum grey to black; pleuron black; wing dark banded; femora brown to black; abdomen black, segments 1\u20133 orange; abdominal velutum absent.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded above antenna, pubescence sparse silver-grey, frontal vesiture small dark setae, surface texture verrucous; face projecting anteriorly, vestiture with dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous or with pale setae; mouthparts elongate, projecting anteriorly; palpus brown-black, narrowly cylindrical; occiput overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence; antennal base raised; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape black, length approximately equal to flagellum, scape with pale setae ventrally, shorter dark setae dorsally; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum light grey to black, setal bases glossy black; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with silver-grey pubescence; wing markings dark banded infuscate; haltere knob brown; coxae black; femora brown to black; tibia yellow-orange, darker distally; tarsi black, basitarsi pale, dark distally. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2\u20133; sc, 1. Abdomen. Segments 1\u20133 orange, remaining segments black, silver velutum absent; terminalia dark.Body length= 7.0\u201310.0 mm. Acupalpa irwini is a relatively large species differentiated by the characteristic leg and abdomen colouration. This species is known only from the type series collected in Western Australia.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:32E2D131-5108-46B5-B330-ABEAAC192948http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_melanophaeosHolotype female, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Drummond Cove, Geraldton, 16.xi.1973, N. McFarland  (MEI029498) (ANIC). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: female, same data as holotype (MEI029496) (WAM); male, Bunbury, 3.i.1957, A. Snell  (MEI029509) (ANIC); female, Cape Le Grand Nat. Park , 12.i.1987, G. & A. Daniels (MEI029494) (GDCB/AMS).PageBreakinfuscate; coxae orange; legs orange to yellow, tarsi dark distally and fore-basitarsus white; abdomen black, segments 1\u20133 orange to yellow; abdominal velutum absent.Frons profile rounded above antenna; scape yellow, flagellum dark; scutum grey to black; pleuron black ; wing banded Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle  or narrower , profile rounded above antenna, pubescence absent, frontal vestiture glabrous or with minute setae, surface texture smooth; face shape broadly rounded, expansive, vestiture glabrous; gena with dark setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts elongate, projecting anteriorly, or sometimes relatively short; palpus brown-black, narrowly cylindrical; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised  or flat, frons roughly level with eye in profile ; antenna longer than head; scape yellow, length much shorter than flagellum, scape with short, black setae; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short, dark setae. Thorax. Scutum light grey to black, setal bases glossy black; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black  or darker anteriorly with dark orange posteroventrally , overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings banded infuscate; haltere knob brown; coxae orange; femora orange or dark yellow; tibia orange; tarsi yellow orange, dark distally, fore-basitarsus white. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 1\u20132; sc, 1. Abdomen. Segments 1\u20133 yellow or orange, remaining segments black, silver velutum absent; terminalia dark.Body length= 7.1\u20139.6 mm. Acupalpa melanophaeos sp. n.is a relatively large species from Western Australia with distinctive leg and abdomen colouration. It is morphologically similar to Acupalpa novayamarna sp. n. and Acupalpa notomelas sp. n. The coxae are pale in this species along with a rounded face, rather than protruding anteriorly in similar species .PageBreakmelanos, black; phaeos, light, shiny, referring to the scutum colouration.The specific epithet is derived from theGr. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:31A86965-E8AB-4D6C-9252-FE42BAC3269Ahttp://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_miaboolyaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 14.5 km N Carnarvon, Miaboolya Beach, , 4.x.1969, H. E. Evans, R. W. Matthews. (MEI080305) (ANIC). Paratype. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: female, same data as holotype (MEI080301) (MCZ).Frons profile rounded above antenna; antenna brown to black; scutum glossy black with pubescent stripes of grey and brown; pleuron black; wing faintly infuscate; femora and tibia dark, fore tibia pale distally; abdomen black, without silver velutum.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded above antenna, pubescence sparse silver-grey, without setae, surface texture smooth; face broadly rounded, glabrous; gena with pale setae  or dark setae ; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts relatively short , or elongate and projecting anteriorly; palpus brown-black, acuminate; PageBreakocciput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base flat; frons roughly level with eye in profile; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape light brown to black, length approximately equal to flagellum, scape with sparse black setae; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short, dark setae. Thorax. Scutum black, overlain with stripes of grey and brown pubescence; scutellum overlain with sparse grey pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing largely hyaline, faint band midway  or infuscate with pale band midway, hyaline ocellations basally ; haltere knob white; coxae black, overlain with silver pubescence; femora brown to black; tibia brown; fore tibia pale distally; tarsi black, mid and hind basitarsi pale basally. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 3; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 1. Abdomen. Black, overlain with bronze pubescence, silver velutum absent; terminalia dark.Body length= 5.0\u20136.5 mm. Acupalpa miaboolya sp. n. is a relatively small, dark species from Western Australia very similar to Acupalpa boharti sp. n. This species can be differentiated from the latter based on scutal pattern; the scutum has grey and brown stripes in Acupalpa miaboolya sp. n. while the scutum of Acupalpa boharti sp. n. has more uniform brown-bronze pubescence.This species is named after the region in which the specimens were collected, Miaboolya beach, on the north-central coast of Western Australia.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C2B0BF78-A250-4F9E-B23C-44533147EFA5http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_minutaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Kalbarri, , 23.ix.1974, N. McFarland (MEI021410) (ANIC).Very small sized species; setae on coxae pale; flagellum greatly elongate; scape relatively short; frons equal to width of ocellar tubercle; tibia dark; two notopleural setae; abdomen dark, velutum absent.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded, level with eye, pubescence sparse silver-grey; frontal vestiture glabrous, texture smooth; lower frons and face broadly rounded, expansive; face vestiture glabrous; gena with pale setae; parafacia overlain with silver pubescence; mouthparts elongate, projecting anteriorly; palpus brown-black; occiput overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence; antennal base flat; antennal length longer than head; scape colour black, length much shorter than flagellum, with sparse black setae; flagellum colour brown, base of flagellum without setae. Thorax. Scutum glossy black-brown with sparse grey pubescence and small brown setae; scutellum overlain with dense matt black pubescence; pleuron glossy black-brown with longitudinal stripe of silver velutum; wing markings dark banded infuscate; haltere knob orange-yellow; coxae brown, overlain with dense pubescence and pale setae; femora brown to black; tibia brown; tarsi brown. Scutal chaetotaxy (macrosetae pairs): np, 2; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3, sc, 1. Abdomen. Colouration brown, tergites 2-4 with bronze pubescence, silver velutum absent; terminalia dark.Body length= 3.0 mm. Acupalpa minuta sp. n. is closely related to Acupalpa minutoides sp. n., sharing characteristics such as very small size, two notopleural setae and an antenna with a short scape and a greatly elongate flagellum. It can be differentiated based on the colour of the setae on the coxae and by the width of the frons. This species is known only from a single male individual from Western Australia.minutus, small, little, referring to the diminutive body size.The specific epithet is derived from the L. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2429322A-907F-4330-8BF5-0F1C34FBFAD7http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_minutoidesHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Geraldton, Drummond\u2019s Cove, , 29.ix.1972, N. McFarland (MEI021412) (ANIC). Paratypes. Western Australia: male, Geraldton, Drummond\u2019s Cove, , 29.ix.1972, N. McFarland, on Calandrinia flowers (MEI029995) (CSCA); male, Geraldton, Drummond\u2019s Cove, , 18.ix.1972, N. McFarland, on Calandrinia flowers (MEI021411) (CSCA).Very small sized species; setae on coxae black; flagellum greatly elongate; scape relatively short; frons slightly wider than width of ocellar tubercle; wing veins M1 and M2 fused and petiolate basally from discal cell; tibia pale basally; two notopleural setae; abdomen dark, velutum absent.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded, level with eye, pubescence sparse silver-grey; frontal vestiture glabrous with minute setae laterally, texture smooth; lower frons and face shape broadly rounded, expansive; face vestiture glabrous; gena with pale setae; parafacia overlain with silver pubescence; mouthparts elongate, projecting anteriorly; palpus brown-black; occiput overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence; antennal base flat; antennal length longer than head; scape black, length much shorter than flagellum, with sparse black setae; flagellum black or brown, base of flagellum without setae. Thorax. Scutum glossy black-brown with sparse grey pubescence and small brown setae; scutellum overlain with dense matt black pubescence; pleuron glossy black-brown with longitudinal stripe of silver velutum; wing markings dark banded infuscate; haltere knob orange-yellow; coxae brown, overlain with dense pubescence and dark setae; femora brown to black; tibia black, yellow-orange basally; tarsi brown. Scutal chaetotaxy (macrosetae pairs): np, 2, sa, 1, pa, 1, dc, 2, sc, 1. Abdomen. Colouration brown, tergites 2-4 with bronze pubescence, silver velutum absent; terminalia dark.Body length= 3.0\u20134.0 mm. Acupalpa minuta sp. n. This species is known only from three male specimens from Western Australia.See comments under minutus, small, little; -oides, like, referring to the similarity of this species to Acupalpa minuta sp. n.PageBreakThe specific epithet is derived from the L. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68193274-CA84-43A8-A35A-6E819DE50B46http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_notomelasHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 22 km W Waroora Homestead , 25.x.1987, sand plain, M. E. Irwin (MEI029510) (ANIC). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: female, Melaleuca Park, 38 km N Perth , 29.x.1987, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger (MEI029512) (ANIC); male, Yanchep National Park , 22\u201326.x.1985, truck trap, A. Dyce, W. Wirth (MEI029514) (ANIC).Frons profile rounded above antenna; mouthparts elongate; antenna dark; scutum dark; pleuron orange ventrally; wing banded; legs dark yellow to orange [fore femur darker]; abdomen black without silver velutum.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded above antenna, glabrous or silver pubescent patches along eye margin [some sparse pubescence dorsally], frontal vestiture as small dark setae, surface texture smooth, face broadly rounded, vestiture as dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae or with dark setae ; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts elongate, projecting anteriorly; palpus brown-black, narrowly cylindrical; occiput overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence, antennal base flat; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape brown, length shorter than flagellum, scape with sparse black setae; flagellum dark, PageBreakbase of flagellum without setae. Thorax. Scutum light grey to glossy black, setal bases glossy black, overlain with faint stripes of grey pubescence; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron yellow-orange in lower 2/3, upper 1/3 concolourous with scutum, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings banded infuscate; haltere knob white, dark basally; coxae yellow-orange; femora with darker fore femur, rest yellow-orange; tibia and tarsi dark yellow; fore-basitarsus white, darker basally, 2nd tarsomere white basally, remaining basitarsi yellow-brown. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. black, silver velutum absent; terminalia pale.Body length= 6.2\u20138.0 mm. Acupalpa notomelas sp. n. is similar to Acupalpa melanophaeos sp. n. and Acupalpa novayamarna sp. n., but can be differentiated based on abdomen colouration. The palpi are very slender and elongate.noto, back; melas black, dark, referring to the scutal colouration.The specific epithet is derived from the Gr. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0BEA372-6953-43E4-B957-0A521FD8D83Bhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_novayamarnaHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: 25 km E New Yamarna Homestead, , 21.ix.1982, T. F. Houston, B. Hanich (WAM872128) (WAM).Frons profile rounded to slightly concave above antenna; mouthparts short; antenna dark; scutum dark; pleuron dark dorsally, orange ventrally; wing banded; legs orange, tarsi dark distally, fore-basitarsus white; abdomen orange, segments 1\u20132 black medially, velutum absent.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded to slightly concave above antenna, pubescence absent or as silver patches along eye margin, frontal vestiture glabrous, surface texture smooth, face as narrow strip below antennal base, glabrous; gena with pale setae; parafacial overlain with silver pubescence; mouthparts relatively short ; palpus brown-black, narrowly cylindrical; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised, antennal length approximately equal to head; scape orange-brown, length much shorter than flagellum, scape with sparse black setae; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum light grey to black, setal bases glossy black; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron orange, upper 1/3 concolourous with scutum, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings banded infuscate, dark yellow basally; haltere knob orange-yellow; coxae orange; femora orange; tibia orange; tarsi yellow orange, dark distally, fore-basitarsus white. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. Orange, segments 1\u20132 black medially, silver velutum absent; terminalia pale.Body length= 7.2 mm. Acupalpa melanophaeos sp. n., but can be differentiated by the pale genal setae, larger proportion of the pleuron being orange, and male frons slightly wider. Only the male is known for this western species.This species is very similar to This species is named after the type locality of New Yamarna Homestead, Western Australia.Kr\u00f6berurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4FFB52C9-C88E-426B-BB46-B2CF1EC04C9Fhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_rostrataAcupalpa rostrataHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Sydney (ZMUH) [destroyed]. Neotype male, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Kosciusko National Park, Round Mountain, Olgives Creek,  1400m, 28.xii.1977, E. I. Schlinger. (MEI029931) (ANIC).PageBreaksilver pubescence; wing banded; femora yellow-orange [hind femur dark]; tibia yellow-orange; abdomen black, overlain with silver velutum in male.Frons profile concave above antenna; scape and pedicel yellow-orange, flagellum black; scutum black, overlain with silver pubescence; pleuron black with Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile transversely concave above antennae, pubescence as silver patches along eye margin, frontal vestiture as numerous elongate setae, surface texture smooth; face projecting anteriorly, vestiture as dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts relatively short ; palpus brown-black, acuminate; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape and pedicel yellow-orange, length approximately equal to flagellum, with pale setae ventrally, shorter dark setae dorsally; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum uniform grey-black; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with silver pubescence; wing markings banded infuscate; haltere knob white, dark basally; coxae black; femora yellow with hind femur dark; tibia yellow-orange, apices dark; tarsi yellow-orange, distal segments darker, basitarsus and second tarsomere on foreleg white. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. Black, silver velutum dorsally on tergites  or absent ; terminalia pale.Body length= 7.0\u20138.0 mm. Acupalpa rostrata is apparently destroyed. PageBreak of confusion in the future. Acupalpa rostrata is differentiated from other Acupalpa species by the unique leg and antennal colouration.The type of Mannurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CF947CED-BCB0-4A62-AFDF-433DDBF3E1D3http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_semirufaAcupalpa semirufa Holotype male, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Blackheath, Hardy[not examined-location unknown]. Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: \u2018Allotype\u2019 female, Bribie Island, 12.ix.1918, H. Hacker (MEI029439) (QM). New South Wales: 2 females, Sydney, Manly, 20.xi.1923  (QM).Frons profile concave above antenna; antenna dark; scutum dark; pleuron black; wing dark banded; femora orange to yellow; tibia yellow, darker distally; abdomen black with segments 2\u20133 yellow-orange, overlain with silver velutum in male.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile transversely concave above antennae, pubescence as silver patches along eye margin, sparse silver-grey dorsally, frontal vestiture as small dark setae, PageBreaksurface texture verrucous; face projecting anteriorly with dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts short , or elongate, projecting anteriorly; palpus brown-black, acuminate; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape brown, length shorter than flagellum, scape with pale setae ventrally, shorter dark setae dorsally; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum uniform grey-black or light grey to black, setal bases glossy black; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings dark, banded infuscate; haltere knob white, dark basally; coxae black; femora orange or yellow; tibia yellow-orange, darker distally; basitarsi yellow-orange, rest black, fore-basitarsus white distally, 2nd tarsomere basally. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 1. Abdomen. Segment 2 in male, or segments 2\u20133 in female orange with black medial patch, rest of segments black, silver velutum dorsally on tergites  or absent ; terminalia pale.Body length= 6.0\u20139.0 mm. Acupalpa semirufa is a common species in south-eastern Queensland and northern New South Wales. It is similar to Acupalpa divisa and Acupalpa yalgoo sp. n., but can be differentiated easily from the former by the orange leg colour  and from the latter by the projecting face  and two wing bands .PageBreakurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C2BCA147-940D-42D1-AB6C-0A106BF6709Ahttp://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_westralicaHolotype female, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Stirling Ranges N.P., Chester Pass Rd., Eucalyptus open woodland, 230m; C. Lambkin, J. Recsei, 3\u201315.xi.2003; Malaise, ANIC bulk sample 2191  (MEI165188) (ANIC).Frons profile rounded above antenna; scape yellow-brown, flagellum black; scutum grey-black with dark and pale stripes; pleuron black; wing dark banded; femora yellow with extensive dark suffusion dorsally [hind femur dark]; tibia brown; abdomen black with brown pubescence, silver velutum absent.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded above antenna, glabrous or with minute setae, surface texture smooth; face broadly rounded, expansive, with dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial glabrous; mouthparts elongate, projecting anteriorly; palpus brown-black, narrowly cylindrical; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base flat; frons roughly level with eye in profile; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape yellow-brown, shorter than flagellum, scape with sparse black setae; flagellum black, base of flagellum without setae. Thorax. Scutum uniform grey-black with diffuse brown and cream stripes; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings dark banded infuscate; haltere knob white, dark basally; coxae yellow; hind femur dark, rest yellow with extensive dark suffusion dorsally; tibia and tarsi brown, fore-basitarsus white. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. Black with brown pubescence, silver velutum absent; terminalia dark.Body length= 8.0 mm. Acupalpa westralica sp. n. is known only from the holotype female from southern Western Australia. This species superficially resembles Acupalpa rostrata in colouration, but the head shape suggests a close relationship to Acupalpa notomelas sp. n.The specific epithet is derived from the western distribution of this species.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA49E372-62DF-4607-9C4E-77CCE53D9CC4http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_yalgooHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, 28 km W Yalgoo, , 2.ix.1981, G. A. Holloway (MEI029508 ) (AM). Paratype. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: male, Great Victoria Desert, Officer Basin, NE Streich Mound, 24\u201328.ix.1991, McMillan (MEI165193) (WAM).Frons profile rounded above antenna; antenna black; scutum grey to black; pleuron black; wing dark banded; femora black; tibia yellow in basal half; abdomen black, segments 1\u20133 orange, silver velutum absent.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded above antenna, pubescence sparse silver-grey, frontal vestiture as small dark setae, surface texture as irregular longitudinal striations, face broadly rounded, expansive, with dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial with short setae towards gena; mouthparts elongate; palpus brown-black, narrowly cylindrical; occiput overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence; antennal base flat; frons roughly level with eye in profile; antennal length shorter than head; scape black, length approximately equal to flagellum, scape with sparse black setae; flagellum black. Thorax. Scutum light grey to black, setal bases glossy black; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings dark banded [discal band broad], dark yellow basally; haltere knob orange-yellow; coxae black; femora brown to black; tibia yellow in basal 1/2, dark in distal 1/2; tarsi black, basitarsi pale, dark distally, rest of tarsomeres dark. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4\u20135; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 2. Abdomen. Segments 1\u20133 orange, remaining segments black, silver velutum absent; terminalia dark.Body length= 9.0\u201310.0 mm. Acupalpa yalgoo sp. n. is a western species similar to Acupalpa semirufa and Acupalpa glossa sp. n., but differs from both in leg colouration and wing patterning.PageBreakThe specific epithet is derived from the type locality of this species, near the Western Australian township of Yalgoo.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A3312038-6598-4C6A-BBA4-09CFF0E002F0http://species-id.net/wiki/Acupalpa_yanchepHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Yanchep N.P., Malaise trap,  18\u201329.xii.1999; J. & A. Skevington, C. Lambkin, P. Bouchard (MEI165189) (ANIC). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: male, female, same data as holotype  (ANIC); female, Yanchep , 21.xi.2008, fore-dune, S. L. Winterton & S. D. Gaimari (MEI165192) (QM).Frons profile rounded above antenna; antenna dark; scutum black with irregular brown and white pubescent markings; pleuron black; wing irregularly banded; legs dark, tibia pale basally; abdomen black [sometimes orange apically in female], silver velutum present in male.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle  or narrower , profile rounded above antenna  or transversely concave above antennae , pubescence as silver patches along eye margin, frontal vestiture as small dark setae, surface texture as irregular longitudinal striations  or smooth ; face broadly rounded with dark or pale setae; gena with pale setae; parafacial overlain with silver pubescence; mouthparts length variable, but usually relatively short; palpus brown-black, acuminate; occiput overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence; antennal base raised; antenna longer than head; scape brown, length approximately equal to flagellum, scape with sparse black setae; flagellum black, base of flagellum with short, dark setae. Thorax. Scutum dark, overlain with pubescence of irregular brown to grey markings with pale broken lines and spots, setal bases glossy black; scutellum overlain with grey and matte black pubescence; pleuron dark, overlain with silver-grey pubescence; wing markings irregularly banded to apparently fenestrate; haltere knob white; coxae black, overlain with silver pubescence; femora brown to black; tibia black, yellow-orange dorsal stripe in basal 1/2; tarsi white, basitarsi dark in basal 3/4. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 3\u20135; sa, 1 [rarely 2\u20133]; pa, 1; dc, 2\u20133; sc, 1. Abdomen. Black , silver velutum dorsally on tergites  or absent ; terminalia pale.Body length= 6.0\u201310.0 mm. Acupalpa yanchep sp. n. is morphologically similar to Acupalpa albitarsa, with females difficult to separate except for more pronounced white scutal patterning in many individuals. This species is found in western Australia while Acupalpa albitarsa is found in eastern and southern regions. There is a pronounced size difference in the sexes of Acupalpa yanchep sp. n. with males considerably smaller than females. The leg colouration and scutal patterning is distinctive for this species.This species is named after the type locality, the township of Yanchep, Western Australia.Wintertonurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:157A683F-6C11-4309-A7F5-5B5C4C37E47Chttp://species-id.net/wiki/PipinniponsPipinniponsPipinnipons kroeberi Winterton, 2001: 206. Winterton, 2001: 205. Type species: PageBreak gonocoxites with velutum patch on ventral surface , the mouthparts of Pipinnipons are always relatively short. As stated in the comments under Acupalpa, Agapophytus is separated from Pipinnipons and Acupalpa by the length of the scape ranging from relatively equal length, to significantly longer than the flagellum. The modified setae patch on abdominal tergite 2 mentioned by Pipinnipons is not present in all the new species described here, and is no longer considered diagnostic for the genus as it is also found sporadically in other, unrelated genera such as Neodialineura Mann, 1928 and Bonjeania Irwin and Lyneborg, 1989. The male terminalia are relatively conserved throughout the genus, and species identification is more easily done using external characters of both sexes. Pipinnipons is distributed along coastal eastern Australia from northern Queensland to Tasmania.ed wings . It can Pipinnipons chauncyvallis sp. n., Pipinnipons fascipennis (Kr\u00f6ber), Pipinnipons kampmeierae sp. n., Pipinnipons kroeberi Winterton, Pipinnipons sphecoda sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:718CB653-E72C-4333-A6C0-C54249CFDAEEhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Pipinnipons_chauncyvallisHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: Bagdad, Chauncyvale Wildlife Sanctuary , 18\u201319.xii.1998, D. Yeates, S. Winterton (ANIC29_021139) (ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: 3 females, same data as holotype  (ANIC).Wing banded; pleuron black; femora yellow [hind femur dark]; tibia yellow, darker apically]; abdomen black, segments 6\u20138 orange [female].Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle in female, equal in male, profile flat to rounded above antenna, pubescence absent, frontal vestiture as numerous elongate setae , surface texture as irregular longitudinal striations or transverse striations; gena with pale setae; parafacial overlain with silver pubescence; palpus yellow-orange; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised; antenna longer than head; scape yellow, length shorter than flagellum, with sparse black setae; flagellum dark yellow , base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum uniform grey-black with white pile and overlain with sparse grey pubescence; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings banded infuscate; haltere knob white, dark basally; coxae black; hind femur dark, rest yellow with dark patch; tibia yellow (apices sometimes darker); tarsi yellow orange, dark distally, fore-basitarsus white. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 3\u20134; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. Black, segments 6\u20138 orange in female; terminalia pale.Body length= 7.0\u201310.0 mm. Pipinnipons chauncyvallis sp. n. is known only from a small conservation area near Bagdad, Tasmania. This species differs from all other Pipinnipons by the body colouration and the numerous pale setae on the frons.PageBreakThis species is named after the type locality, Chauncyvale Wildlife Sanctuary, owned by the Chauncy family who established and maintain the sanctuary.(Kr\u00f6ber)urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:336E5D1F-DAAF-4532-BFFB-1CAFD12670E8Genbank Accession: AF150979http://species-id.net/wiki/Pipinnipons_fascipennisSquamopygia fascipennisPipinnipons fascipennis (Kr\u00f6ber) - Type male. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Kuranda , Lichtwardt (MEI090896) (DEI).Other material examined- AUSTRALIA: Queensland: male, Indooroopilly, Long Pocket, 22.viii\u20137.ix.2007, S. L. Winterton, Malaise trap (UQIC) (MEI165213).Wing dark banded; pleuron orange to maroon; legs orange to maroon, tarsi lighter; abdomen dark red, tergite 2\u20133 red-brown, gold-bronze velutum on segments 4\u20137.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle  or narrower , profile rounded above antenna, pubescence matte black and bronze, surface texture smooth or striated; gena with pale setae; parafacial overlain with silver pubescence; palpus brown-black; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape orange to brown, shortPageBreaker than flagellum, with sparse black setae; flagellum orange to brown, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum dark with irregular brown and grey pubescent markings, setal bases glossy black; scutellum overlain with sparse grey pubescence; pleuron orange to maroon, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing markings dark banded infuscate; haltere knob white; coxae, femora and tibia orange-maroon; tarsi lighter orange, foreleg with basitarsus dark, white apically, rest of foretarsi white with slightly darker apex. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4\u20135; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 1; sc, 1. Abdomen. Dark, tergites 2\u20133 red-brown laterally, gold-bronze velutum on tergites 4\u20137; terminalia pale.Body length= 7.0\u20139.0 mm. Pipinnipons fascipennis easily recognisable. This species is found in closed forest areas, including rainforest.The gold-bronze abdominal velutum covering in both sexes and the dark orange pleuron and leg colouration make urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F4F235B-49AE-431B-A79C-041BB73DE633http://species-id.net/wiki/Pipinnipons_kampmeieraeHolotypemale, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Jimmy\u2019s Scrub State Forest, nr. Goomeri, 22.xi.1985, M. De Baar (MEI165194) (QM). Paratype. AUSTRALIA: Queensland: male, Bribie Island, DPI Fisheries site, , 7.x.1997, S. L. Winterton, N. Power, D. White, heathland- Acacia regrowth, Malaise trap (MEI090764) (QM).Wing mostly hyaline; pleuron black; coxae, femora and tibia orange; abdomen black, segments 2\u20133 orange with dark medial patch.Head. Frons narrower than ocellar tubercle, profile rounded above antenna, surface texture smooth, glabrous; gena with pale setae; parafacial overlain with silver pubescence; palpus brown-black; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape orange-yellow, much shorter than flagellum, scape with sparse dark setae dorsally; flagellum orange-yellow, base of flagellum without setae. Thorax. Scutum glossy black, overlain with sparse yellow setae, grey pubescence laterally; scutellum overlain with sparse grey pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing largely hyaline, faint band midway; haltere knob white; coxae, femora and tibia orange; tarsi white, fore-basitarsus dark, rest of basitarsi orange. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 5; sa, 1\u20132; pa, 1; dc, 2; sc, 1. Abdomen. Segments 2\u20133 orange with black medial patch, remaining segments black; terminalia pale.Body length= 6.0\u20137.0 mm. Pipinnipons kampmeierae sp. n. is very similar to Pipinnipons kroeberi, but can be differentiated based on coxae and abdomen colouration. The wings are only weakly infuscate rather than strongly banded infuscate as in most other species of Pipinnipons and Acupalpa. The female is unknown for this species.Therevidae bioinformatics.PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakThis species is named in honour of Gail Kampmeier, in recognition of her excellent work on Wintertonurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:97517024-09B0-41E4-8E27-DA0D8A8155CFGenbank Accession: AF150980http://species-id.net/wiki/Pipinnipons_kroeberiPipinnipons kroeberi  Winterton, 2001: 205.Holotypemale,AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Warrumbungle N.P., Buckleys Creek, 1.7 km N Camp Blackman, 23.xii.1992 M. E. Irwin (MEI027580) (ANIC). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: female, Warrumbungle N.P., Browns Creek, 2.5 km N Woolshed, 13.i.1994, M. E. Irwin (MEI039303) (ANIC). Queensland: male, female, Lake Broadwater, 25 km SW Dalby, on Leptospermum flavescens blossom, 18.x.1985, D. K. Yeates  (GDCB/AMS).Wing hyaline; pleuron black; femora and tibia orange to yellow; abdomen orange, segments 1\u20133 sometimes black medially.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle , profile rounded or transversely concave above antennae , pubescence as silver patches along eye margin, frons otherwise glabrous, surface texture as irregular longitudinal striations  or smooth ; gena with dark setae; parafacial overlain with silver pubescence; palpus yellow-orange; occiput glabrous, glossy black; PageBreakantennal base raised; antenna longer than head; scape yellow, length much shorter than flagellum, scape with sparse pale setae; flagellum yellow, base of flagellum with short, dark setae. Thorax. Scutum uniform grey-black; scutellum overlain with sparse, grey pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse, silver-grey pubescence; wing hyaline, orange suffusion along costal margin; haltere knob orange-yellow; coxae orange-yellow (hind coxa dark); femora and tibia orange or yellow, fore tibia apex dark; tarsi yellow, fore-basitarsus dark basally, rest of foreleg tarsomeres white. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4; sa, 1; pa, 1; dc, 3; sc, 1. Abdomen. Orange, segments 1\u20132 black medially; terminalia pale.Body length= 8.0\u20139.5 mm. Pipinnipons kroeberi is similar to Pipinnipons kampmeierae sp. n. and can be differentiated based on the body colouration. This speciesis found in southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:329B77AF-DF06-4FB5-9E0C-0EEB79F1638Fhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Pipinnipons_sphecodaHolotypefemale,AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: Claytons , Jan.1991, E. D. Edwards, E. S. Nielsen (MEI027583) (ANIC). Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: Tasmania: female, Lake St. Clair, , 25.i.1949, E. F. Riek (MEI027585) (ANIC); female, 10 km ENE Nunamara , 12.i.\u2013 7.ii.1983, malaise trap, I. D. Naumann, J. C. Cardale (MEI027586) (ANIC).Wing with yellow and black irregular banding; pleuron black; femora and tibia yellow, sometimes with dark suffusion midway along femur; abdomen black, bright yellow-orange markings on tergites 1\u20134 and 7\u20138.Head. Frons wider than ocellar tubercle, profile slightly transversely concave above antennae, pubescence absent, frontal vestiture as minute setae, surface texture as irregular longitudinal striations and transverse striations; gena with dark setae; parafacial overlain with silver pubescence; palpus yellow-orange; occiput glabrous, glossy black; antennal base raised; antennal length approximately equal to head; scape yellow, shorter than flagellum, scape with sparse black setae; flagellum yellow, base of flagellum with short dark setae. Thorax. Scutum glossy black, overlain with sparse yellow setae, sparse grey pubescence laterally; scutellum overlain with dense, matt-black pubescence; pleuron black, overlain with sparse silver-grey pubescence; wing with dark band midway, pale yellow suffusion basally and in discal area; haltere knob white to yellow; coxae black, overlain with silver pubescence; femora yellow-orange, sometimes with dark patch midway; tibia yellow-orange; tarsi yellow, fore leg with basitarsus and second tarsomere white, rest of tarsomeres dark. Scutal chaetotaxy: np, 4\u20135; sa, 1; pa, 2; dc, 1; sc, 1. Abdomen. Black, bright yellow-orange markings on tergites 1\u20134 and 7\u20138; terminalia pale.PageBreakBody length= 10.0\u201314.0 mm. Pipinnipons sphecoda sp. n. is a relatively large, apparently wasp-mimicking species known only from female specimens collected from various sites in Tasmania. The dramatic colouration of species makes it quite unlike any other stiletto fly species.sphekodos, wasp-like.The species epithet is derived from the Gr."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Hande Asimgil.The correct citation is: Kizilel R, Demir E, Azizoglu S, Asimgil H, Kavakli IH, et al. (2012) Investigation of Real-Time Photorepair Activity on DNA via Surface Plasmon Resonance. PLoS ONE 7(8): e44392. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044392"}
{"text": "The name of the third author was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: E. Susan Amirian. The correct citation is: Kowalkowski MA, Mims MP, Amirian ES, Lulla P, Chiao EY (2013) Effect of Immune Reconstitution on the Incidence of HIV-Related Hodgkin Lymphoma. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77409. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077409."}
{"text": "AbstractDolabraulax Quicke and Scutibracon Quicke of Braconinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from China are studied for the first time, and four new species, namely Dolabraulax jigongshanus Wang & Chen, sp. n., Dolabraulax flavus Wang & Chen, sp. n., Dolabraulax brevivena Wang & Chen, sp. n. and Scutibracon  fujianensis Wang & Chen, sp. n. are fully described and illustrated. The examined specimens are deposited in the Parasitic Hymenoptera Collection, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (ZJUH).Two genera, namely  Braconinae is one of the largest and the most diverse cosmopolitansubfamiliesof Braconidae with about 2900 described species of about 180 genera worldwide, and mainly occurring in tropical and subtropical regions but particularly rich in the Indo-PageBreakAustralian and Afrotropical regions . The vast majority of species are ectoparasitoids principally of coleopterous and lepidopterous hosts although a few attack Diptera, Hymenoptera-Symphyta and possibly Homoptera, and one group, Aspidobraconina, are endoparasitic on pupa. Some species may be effective biocontrol agents to suppress agro-forestry insect pest populations .China is among the most diverse regions for braconids in the world because of large variation in climate, and its vast area, but unfortunately its fauna is poorly known. This is part of our on-going study of the subfamily aconinae , 2009b. The morphological terminology used in this paper follows that of GenusQuicke, 1986DolabraulaxDolabraulax implicatus Braconinae by the combination of the following characters: scapus small, ventrally shorter than dorsally with dorso- and medio-basal expansions; propodeum posteriorly with a mid-longitudinal carina; and first metasomal tergite with the median area formed into a transverse ridge.This genus may be separated from all other Dolabraulax is a small genus with only one species known from Java and the biology is unknown . In this study, three new species of this genus are recognized, i.e. Dolabraulax jigongshanus sp. n., Dolabraulax brevivena sp. n. and Dolabraulax flavus sp. n., which are fully described and illustrated.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0C84C65B-4AE3-4AA3-9249-60F483729D64Holotype: \u2640, Jigongshan, Henan, 12-VII-1997, Chen Xue-xin, No. 974960. Paratypes: 1\u26401\u2642, Jigongshan, Henan, 12-VII-1997, Chen Xue-xin, No. 974894, 974881.3.8 mm, fore wing 3.4 mm, and ovipositor sheath 5.5 mm.PageBreakPageBreakdiameter of posterior ocellus: shortest distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 2: 1: 7; vertex smooth and shiny, with sparse long setae medially.: Antenna: Mesosom: Length Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 23: 26: 34; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 25: 43: 9, and 3.9, 10.0 and 8.0 times their maximum width, respectively; tibia of hind leg with weakly longitudinal groove medially; spurs of hind leg 0.35 and 3.1 times as long as its basitarsus; tarsal claws simple but with basal lobe.: MetasomHead dark yellow; antenna yellowish brown; face dark yellow; frons and vertex brown; mesosoma black; fore leg pale yellow, middle and hind legs dark yellow; pterostima yellowish brown; wings membrane pale grey, and veins dark yellow; metasomal tergites yellowish brown dorsally and pale yellow ventrally; ovipositor sheath yellowish brown.Similar to the female, but relatively small, length of body 3.5 mm, metasoma black.Unknown.China (Henan).The new species is named after the type locality, Jigongshan in Henan .Dolabraulax implicatus Quicke, but differs from the latter by the characters listed in the key abovePageBreak.This species is similar to urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2AE73720-FF4D-4E89-91D0-215C8CDF352BHolotype: \u2640, Guan Xian, Sichuan, 4-VIII-1980, He Jun-hua, No. 802020. Paratypes: 1\u2640, Guan Xian, Sichuan, 4-VIII-1980, He Jun-hua, No. 802020; 1\u2642, Emeishan, Sichuan, 7-VIII-1980, He Jun-hua, No. 802092; 1\u2640, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 12-V-1992, Chen Xue-Xin No. 921492; 1\u2640, Meifeng, Fujian, 27-VI-1962, Zhao Xiu-fu, No. 20004179.2.3 mm, fore wing 3.0 mm, and ovipositor sheath 4.1 mm.: Antenna: Mesosom: Length Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 20: 24: 29; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 25: 38: 15, and 3.9, 10.5 and 7.0 times their maximum width, respectively; tibia of hind leg with weakly longitudinal groove medially; spurs of hind leg 0.34 and 3.0 times as long as its basitarsus; tarsal claws simple but with basal lobe.PageBreakPageBreakthree-fifths of its entire length; second tergite with medio-basal glabrous band hardly reaching the suture between second and third tergites, and lateral depressed longitudinal grooves crenulate laterally, the remainder with rugulose sculpture; suture between second and third tergites deep and crenulate, wide medially and narrow laterally; third tergite with distinct raised areas antero-laterally, smooth and shiny, with sparse setae apically; fourth tergite with transversal impressed groove basally; fourth-seventh tergites uniformly smooth and shiny, with sparse short setae apically; hypopygium acute apically, distinctly extending beyond apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 1.8 times as long as fore wing, with dense setae; ovipositor with teeth apico-ventrally and without dorsal notch pre-apically.: MetasomHead dark yellow; antenna yellowish brown; face yellow; frons and vertex yellowish brown; mesosoma blackish brown; fore leg pale yellow, middle and hind legs dark yellow; pterostima yellowish brown; wings membrane pale grey, and veins dark yellow; metasomal tergites yellowish brown dorsally and pale yellow apically and ventrally; ovipositor sheath yellowish brown.Similar to the female, but relatively small, length of body 2.2 mm, metasoma dark yellow.Unknown.China .The new species is named after the colour of body, which is largely yellowish.Dolabraulax implicatus Quicke, but differs from the latter by characters listed in the key above.This species is similar to urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7F7F9C17-B822-409E-8A71-2A973ECD58A0Holotype: \u2640, Tianmushan, Zhejiang, 10\u201312, IX-1983, He Jun-hua, No. 83215. Paratypes: 3\u2640\u2640, Tianmushan, Zhejiang, 10\u201312, IX-1983, He Jun-hua, No. 832137, 832141, 832142; 1\u2642, west Tianmushan, Zhejiang, 16-V-1988, Lou Xiao-ming, No. 883232; 1\u2640, West Tianmushan, Zhejiang, 25-VI-1984, Zhu Xi-liang, No. 842055; 1\u2640, Longwangshan, Anji, Zhejiang, 31- VIII-1993, He Jun-hua, No. 9310586; 1\u2640, Si\u2019an, Changxing, Zhejiang, 1-V-1984, Yuan Rong-lan, No. 940522.3.0\u20134.5 mm, fore wing 3.5\u20134.0 mm, and ovipositor sheath 5.0\u20135.5 mm.PageBreakPageBreaks long as its basal width; medio-transversal clypeal carina without a row sparse short setae; height of clypeus: inter-tentorial distance: tentorio-ocular distance =2.5: 6: 4; malar space 0.36 times as long as height of eye; face with sparse long setae, relatively dense laterally; height of face: width of face: width of head = 10: 11: 23; frons smooth and shiny, weakly impressed, without longitudinal ridge medially; shortest distance between posterior ocelli: diameter of posterior ocellus: shortest distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 2.5: 1: 7; vertex smooth and shiny, with sparse long setae laterally.: Antenna: Mesosom: vein r Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 21: 23: 29; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 12: 11: 6, and 4.1, 10.0 and 7.5 times their maximum width, respectively; tibia of hind leg with weakly longitudinal groove medially; spurs of hind leg 0.36 and 3.3 times as long as its basitarsus; tarsal claws simple but with basal lobe.: MetasomHead reddish yellow; antenna dark yellow; face reddish yellow; frons and vertex yellowish brown; mesosoma dark brown; fore leg pale yellow, middle and hind legs dark yellow; pterostima yellowish brown; wings membrane pale grey, and veins dark yellow; metasomal tergites yellowish brown dorsally and pale yellow apically and ventrally; ovipositor sheath yellow brown.Similar to the female, but relatively small, length of body 3.2 mm, metasoma dark yellow.Unknown.China (Zhejiang).The new species is named after the character of vein r of fore wing, which is relatively shorter.Dolabraulax implicatus Quicke, but differs from the latter by characters listed in the key above.This species is similar to GenusQuicke, 1989ScutibraconMicrobracon hispae Viereck 1913. Hispa armigera Olivier (Coleoptera: Hispidae) and Acrocercops cramerella Snellen (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae).This genus can be recognized by the following characters: small wasps with body length less than 3.0 mm;all flagellomeres more than twice times longer than wide; scapus small, shorter ventrally than dorsally in lateral view; face largely densely short-setose, smooth and shiny; frons distinctly impressed behind each antennal socket, short setose; scutellum densely and evenly setose; propodeum rather flat, with a complete mid-longitudinal carina; marginal cell of fore wing long, second submarginal cell of fore wing short, parallel-sided and robust, vein cu-a of fore wing distinctly postfurcal; claws with pointed basal lobes; first metasomal tergite with distinctly dorso-lateral carinae, second and third metasomal tergites enlarged, broad and short, and the third metasomal tergite more than 3.0 times wider than long medially. Species of this genus have been reared from Scutibracon is a small genus with only one known species from Indo-Australian . In this study, one new species of this genus is added, Scutibracon fujianensis sp. n., which is described and illustrated below.Microbracon hispae Bracon hispae : Scutibracon  hispae Quicke and Walker 1989: Ent. Mon. Mag. 125 (1): 19\u201320; Hispa armigera Olivier (Coleoptera: Hispidae), mostly on rice , India and Java.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:56D83B91-84B3-479D-92B7-4F41304924F2Acrocercops cramerella Snellen, No. 832849. Paratype: 1\u2640, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 9-X-1983, Wu Huang-quan, No. 881417.: Holotype: \u2640, small Wuyishan, Fujian, 26\u201329-VII-1983, He Jun-hua, Ex. 2.6 mm, fore wing 2.7 mm, and ovipositor sheath 0.7 mm.: Antenna: Mesosom: Length Length of fore femur: tibia: tarsus = 15: 19: 23; length of hind femur: tibia: basitarsus = 22: 28: 12, and 3.2, 4.7 and 4.2 times their maximum width, respectively; tibia of hind leg without longitudinal groove medially; spur of hind leg 0.36 and 3.2 times as long as its basitarsus; tarsal claws simple and without basal lobe.PageBreakPageBreaksecond and third tergites deep and crenulate, moderately wide; four tergite 0.5 times as long as third tergite medially; sixth-seventh tergites invisible, hypopygium short, acute apically, hardly extending beyond apex of metasoma; ovipositor sheath 0.25 times as long as fore wing, with dense setae; ovipositor without teeth apico-ventrally and dorsal notch pre-apically.: MetasomHead yellow except for interocellar area black; mesosoma orange yellow but media and lateral lobes of mesoscutum with blackish spots; fore leg pale yellow, middle and hind legs dark yellow; wings membrane smokish grey, and veins yellowish brown; propodeum pale brown; metasomal tergites largely pale yellow but second metasomal tergite with blackish spots mid- apically, third metasomal tergite with black medially, four metasomal tergite with blackish spots sub-laterally; ovipositor sheath blackish brown.Acrocercops cramerella Snellen (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae).Based on labels of type specimens, the host of this species is China (Fujian).The new species is named after the name of Fujian province, where the type specimens are collected.Scutibracon hispae (Viereck), but distinctly differs from the latter by having the vein r of fore wing longer, 0.6 times as long as vein 3-SR (This species is similar toein 3-SR ; the secein 3-SR ; the intein 3-SR ; the midein 3-SR ; the secein 3-SR  and the"}
{"text": "The title of the article is incorrect. The correct title is: \"Expression of IL-27 by Tumor Cells in Invasive Cutaneous and Metastatic Melanomas.\" The correct citation is: Gonin J, Carlotti A, Dietrich C, Audebourg A, Radenen-Bussi\u00e8re B, et al. (2013) Expression of IL-27 by Tumor Cells in Invasive Cutaneous and Metastatic Melanomas. PLoS ONE 8(10): e75694. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075694."}
{"text": "In Vivo.The word \"Plasticity\" is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Muscarinic and Nicotinic Modulation of Thalamo-Prefrontal Cortex Synaptic Plasticity In Vivo. PLoS ONE 7(10): e47484. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047484 The correct citation is: Bueno-Junior LS, Lopes-Aguiar C, Ruggiero RN, Romcy-Pereira RN, Leite JP (2012) Muscarinic and Nicotinic Modulation of Thalamo-Prefrontal Cortex Synaptic Plasticity"}
{"text": "The name of the first author is incorrect. The correct name is: Jianwei Wang. The correct Citation is: Wang J, Wang K, Xu J, Huang J, Zhang T (2013) Prognostic Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 8(11): e78070.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078070. The correct abbreviation in the Author Contributions Statement is: JW."}
{"text": "AbstractLygistorrhina  from South Africa is described and a key for Afrotropical species of the genus is provided.A new species of  Lygistorrhinidae is a small family of fungus gnats  represented by 15 genera and 41 species (http://sciaroidea.info/taxonomy/41555). The genus Lygistorrhina includes 21 species which are distributed worldwide in tropical and warm temperate regions. Twelve species of the subgenus Lygistorrhina (Lygistorrhina) are known from the Old World . In addition, an undescribed species of the subgenus was reported from Mexico (Lygistorrhina (Lygistorrhina) were described from Kenya, Uganda, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Central African Republic, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Comoros . Paratypes were originally pinned; one of them was dissected, its wings mounted without media on a microscope slide, and the body was cleared in KOH and stored in glycerol. Details of the paratype were imaged in the Sackler Biodiversity Imaging Lab at the Natural History Museum, London by us of a Canon 450D camera attached to Zeiss Axioskop compound microscope. Additional images and materials are available at the Fungus Gnats Online web-site. All types are held in the HMNH.Descriptive terminology follows Blagoderov, Papp & Hippa, 2013sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FA4CBFA7-1879-43C4-B277-74490A772FDDhttp://sciaroidea.info/taxonomy/term/50837Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: FGO50909; recordedBy: L. Papp & M. F\u00f6ldv\u00e1ri; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: South Africa; stateProvince: Eastern Cape Province; verbatimLocality: Bloukrans Pass, in a side valley; verbatimElevation: 70 m; verbatimLatitude: 33\u00b0 57'09.6\" S; verbatimLongitude: 23\u00b0 37' 59.4\" E; Event: eventDate: 2007-01-14/16; Record Level: institutionCode: HMNH; collectionCode: DipteraType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: FGO50910; recordedBy: L. Papp & M. F\u00f6ldv\u00e1ri; individualCount: 2; sex: male; Location: country: South Africa; stateProvince: Eastern Cape Province; verbatimLocality: Bloukrans Pass, in a side valley; verbatimElevation: 70 m; verbatimLatitude: 33\u00b0 57'09.6\" S; verbatimLongitude: 23\u00b0 37' 59.4\" E; Event: eventDate: 2007-01-14/16; Record Level: institutionCode: HMNH; collectionCode: DipteraType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: FGO50911; recordedBy: L. Papp & M. F\u00f6ldv\u00e1ri; individualCount: 2; sex: male; Location: country: South Africa; stateProvince: Eastern Cape Province; verbatimLocality: Bloukrans Pass, in a side valley; verbatimElevation: 70 m; verbatimLatitude: 33\u00b0 57'09.6\" S; verbatimLongitude: 23\u00b0 37' 59.4\" E; Event: eventDate: 2007-01-14/16; Record Level: institutionCode: HMNH; collectionCode: DipteraMale. Measurements (mm). Head height 0.38, palpi 0.65, proboscis 1.05, antenna 0.9, thorax length 0.63, thorax height 0.71, metepisternum anterior margin 0.15, posterior margin 0.25; coxa 1 0.53; coxa 2 0.47; coxa 3 0.4; wing 1.9.Colouration. Body, head and antennae entirely dark brownish-grey, almost black, halters yellowish, legs yellowish-brown.Head Fig.  rounded,Thorax, legs, and abdomen uniformly dark brown Fig. . Scutum 5 and M1. Sc ending at C. R1 and R5 slightly sinusoid, setose dorsally and ventrally. Crossveins r-m and tb weak but distinct. M1 and M2 straight, the base of their fork is reduced, M2 begins more proximally than M1. M3+4 and CuA evenly curved caudally, slightly diverging.Wing Fig.  hyaline,Legs Fig. . Fore coTerminalia Figs , 8. Terg66Female. Unknown.Lygistorrhina in being smaller (wing length <2 mm), uniformly coloured very dark brownish-grey to black, and having shorter proboscis, which is at most 2x the length of coxa 1. Lygistorrhinaaustroafricana is most similar to Lygistorrhinaedwardsina Grimaldi & Blagoderov, 2001 (Lygistorrhinaedwardsina) with shorter Sc (0.24x the wing length vs 0.33x) and shorter and wider tergite 9, with stronger anterior arms of apodeme. Lygistorrhinamagna Matile, 1996 (The species differs from all Afrotropical species of ov, 2001 , but difle, 1996  also hasThe specific epithet is an adjective in reference to the place of origin of the specimens.South Africa: Eastern Cape."}
{"text": "PLoS ONE 9(12): e114630. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114630The fifth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Sanne E. de Jong. The correct citation is: Ateba-Ngoa U, Mombo-Ngoma G, Zettlmeissl E, van der Vlugt LEPM, de Jong SE, Matsiegui PB, et al. (2014) CD4+CD25"}
{"text": "PLoS ONE 9(4): e93200. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093200The third author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Maral Budak. The correct citation is: Alkoby D, Rimon A, Budak M, Patino-Ruiz M, C\u0103linescu O, et al. (2014) NhaA Na"}
{"text": "The first and fifth author\u2019s names are spelled incorrectly. The first author\u2019s correct name is: Alejandra Rodriguez Celin. The fifth author\u2019s correct name is: Sara Fiszer de Plazas.10.1371/journal.pone.0116343The correct citation is: Rodriguez Celin A, Rapacioli M, Gonzalez MA, Ballarin VL, Fiszer de Plazas S, L\u00f3pez-Costa JJ, et al. (2015) Temporal-Spatial Correlation between Angiogenesis and Corticogenesis in the Developing Chick Optic Tectum. PLoS ONE 10(1): e0116343. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Antonios Chrysargyris. The correct citation is: Pavlidi N, Dermauw W, Rombauts S, Chrysargyris A, Van Leeuwen T, Vontas J, et al. (2013) Analysis of the Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae Transcriptome and Phylogenetic Classification of the Major Detoxification Gene Families. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66533."}
{"text": "The fourth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Johannes Grueneisen.10.1371/journal.pone.0116277The correct citation is: Schaarschmidt BM, Buchbender C, Nensa F, Grueneisen J, Gomez B, K\u00f6hler J, et al. (2015) Correlation of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) with the Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) in Lymph Node Metastases of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Using Hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI. PLoS ONE 10(1): e0116277. doi:"}
{"text": "In the Author Contributions section, Nathalie J. M. van Hees (NH), Erik J. Giltay (EG), Thomas Puvill (TP), Nadine Janssen (NJ), and Willem van der Does (WD) all should be listed as one of the persons who wrote the paper. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: NH EG WD. Performed the experiments: NH TP NJ. Analyzed the data: NH EG TP NJ WD ST. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ST JG. Wrote the paper: NH EG WD TP NJ ST JG."}
{"text": "PLoS ONE 9(6): e97930. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097930The third, fourth, and fifth authors\u2019 names are spelled incorrectly. The correct names are: Nuala M Byrne, Rachel E Wood, and Ingrid J Hickman. The correct citation is: Croci I, Borrani F, Byrne NM, Wood RE, Hickman IJ, et al. (2014) Reproducibility of FatThere are a number of errors in the legend for"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Afef Lemhemdi. The correct citation is: Girard C, Chelysheva L, Choinard S, Froger N, Macaisne N, Lemhemdi A, et al. (2015) AAA-ATPase FIDGETIN-LIKE 1 and Helicase FANCM Antagonize Meiotic Crossovers by Distinct Mechanisms. PLoS Genet 11(7): e1005369. doi:"}
{"text": "Following publication of the original version  of the aPlease see updated references below:32. Gomez-Gallego C, Collado MC, Perez G, Ilo T, Jaakkola UM, Bernal MJ et al. Resembling breast milk: influence of polyamine-supplemented formula on neonatal BALB/cOlaHsd mouse microbiota. Br J Nutr 2014;111:1050-8.33. Gomez-Gallego C, Collado MC, Ilo T, Jaakkola UM, Bernal MJ, Periago MJ et al. Infant formula supplemented with polyamines alters the intestinal microbiota in neonatal BALB/cOlaHsd mice. J Nutr Biochem 2012;23:1508-13.34. Gomez-Gallego C, Frias R, Perez-Martinez G, Bernal MJ, Periago MJ, Salminen S et al. Polyamine supplementation in infant formula: Influence on lymphocyte populations and immune system-related gene expression in a Balb/cOlaHsd mouse model. Food Research International 2014;59:8-15.The above references should be cited in the following text as below:Bifidobacterium group, and Lactobacillus Enterococcus group were observed with infant formula supplemented with polyamines in comparison to formula alone and, polyamines supplementation in formula influences lymphocyte populations and immune system related gene expression [32-34]\u201d.\u201cPolyamines appear to change the gut microbiota composition and influence the gut immune system. In neonatal BALBc mice higher levels of"}
{"text": "This article has been retracted by the authors after discovering an error in the data. The two CATIE-AD articles included in the systematic review , 2 shoul[1] Schneider LS, Tariot PN, Dagerman KS, Davis SM, Hsiao JK, Ismail MS, et al. Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1525-38.[2] Sultzer DL, Davis SM, Tariot PN, Dagerman KS, Lebowitz BD, Lyketsos CG, et al. Clinical symptom responses to atypical antipsychotic medications in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: phase 1 outcomes from the CATIE-AD effectiveness trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:844-54."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Duncan A. Meiklejohn. The correct citation is: Willberg CB, Garrison KE, Jones RB, Meiklejohn DA, Spotts G, Liegler TJ, et al. (2010) Rapid Progressing Allele HLA-B35 Px Restricted Anti-HIV-1 CD8+ T Cells Recognize Vestigial CTL Epitopes. PLoS ONE 5(4): e10249. doi:"}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name is displayed incorrectly. The correct display is: Jusop Shamshuddin. The correct citation is: Panhwar QA, Naher UA, Shamshuddin J, Othman R, Latif MA, et al. (2014) Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of Potential Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Acid Sulfate Soils and Their Beneficial Effects on Rice Growth. PLoS ONE 9(10): e97241. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097241"}
{"text": "The correct abbreviation is: Ben Maamar M. The correct citation is: Ben Maamar M, Lesn\u00e9 L, Desdoits-Lethimonier C, Coiffec I, Lassurgu\u00e8re J, et al. (2015) An Investigation of the Endocrine-Disruptive Effects of Bisphenol A in Human and Rat Fetal Testes. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0117226. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct reference is: Bender ME, Edwards S, von Philipsborn P, Steinbeis F, Keil T, Tinnemann P (2015) Using Co-authorship Networks to Map and Analyse Global Neglected Tropical Disease Research with an Affiliation to Germany. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(12): e0004182. doi:"}
{"text": "The word \u201cAssociate\u201d is incorrect in the article title. The correct title is: Genetic Variants in MicroRNA Machinery Genes Are Associated with Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Risk. The correct citation is: Jung YW, Jeon YJ, Rah H, Kim JH, Shin JE, et al. (2014) Genetic Variants in MicroRNA Machinery Genes Are Associated with Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Risk. PLoS ONE 9(4): e95803. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095803"}
{"text": "The correct names are: Khanh Dao Duc and Chun-Yao Lee. The publisher apologizes for these errors. The correct citation is: Dao Duc K, Lee CY, Parutto P, Cohen D, Segal M, Rouach N, et al. (2015) Bursting Reverberation as a Multiscale Neuronal Network Process Driven by Synaptic Depression-Facilitation. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0124694. doi:There are errors in In addition, the captions for Figs"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Rohan K. Achar. The correct citation is: Blair JA, Wang C, Hernandez D, Siedlak SL, Rodgers MS, Achar RK, et al. (2016) Individual Case Analysis of Postmortem Interval Time on Brain Tissue Preservation. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0151615. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Shaifulizan Abdul Rahman. The correct citation is: Alam MK, Rahman SA, Basri R, Sing Yi TT, Si-Jie JW, Saha S (2015) Dental Implants\u2013Perceiving Patients\u2019 Satisfaction in Relation to Clinical and Electromyography Study on Implant Patients. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0140438. doi:"}
{"text": "We apologize for the incorrect citations of certain references that occurred in the reference list of our original article.We have corrected the references below.J Hepatol (1999) 31 (Suppl 1):17\u201324.8. Alberti A, Chemello L, Benvegnu L. Natural history of hepatitis C. N Engl J Med (1987) 317:1125\u201335. doi:10.1056/NEJM1987102931718069. Friedland GH, Klein RS. Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS (2000) 14:2751\u20137.10. Quinn TC, Brookmeyer R, Kline R, Shepherd M, Paranjape R, Mehendale S, et al. Feasibility of pooling sera for HIV-1 viral RNA to diagnose acute primary HIV-1 infection and estimate HIV incidence. Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Vet Parasitol (2008) 158:239\u201355. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.01511. Pereira BA, Alves CR. Immunological characteristics of experimental murine infection with N Engl J Med (1970) 283:739\u201346. doi:10.1056/NEJM19701001283140612. Hornick RB, Greisman SE, Woodward TE, DuPont HL, Dawkins AT, Snyder MJ. Typhoid fever: pathogenesis and immunologic control. 2. Tuber Lung Dis (1997) 78:57\u201366.23. Rhoades ER, Frank AA, Orme IM. Progression of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis in mice aerogenically infected with virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis (2011) 15:1478\u201384. doi:10.5588/ijtld.11.001224. de Steenwinkel JE, ten Kate MT, de Knegt GJ, Verbrugh HA, van Belkum A, Hernandez-Pando R, et al. Course of murine tuberculosis and response to first-line therapy depends on route of infection and inoculum size. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis (2007) 11:282\u20138.39. Radhakrishna S, Frieden TR, Subramani R, Santha T, Narayanan PR. Additional risk of developing TB for household members with a TB case at home at intake: a 15-year study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis (2002) 6:851\u20137.51. Rathi SK, Akhtar S, Rahbar MH, Azam SI. Prevalence and risk factors associated with tuberculin skin test positivity among household contacts of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Umerkot, Pakistan. The original article has been updated.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Stefan Klein. The correct citation is: Plenge E, Klein S, Niessen WJ, Meijering E (2015) Multiple Sparse Representations Classification. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0131968. doi:"}
{"text": "Published 25 September 2014LeBon L, Lee TV, Sprinzak D, Jafar-Nejad H, Elowitz MB. 2014. Fringe proteins modulate Notch-ligand Hamed Jafar-Nejad and David Sprinzak were incorrectly listed as third and fourth authors respectively. The correct author order is: Lauren LeBon, Tom V Lee, David Sprinzak, Hamed Jafar-Nejad and Michael B Elowitz.The article has been corrected accordingly."}
{"text": "The fourth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Gregor Gryglewski. The correct citation is: Kraus C, Baldinger P, Rami-Mark C, Gryglewski G, Kranz GS, et al. (2014) Exploring the Impact of BDNF Val66Met Genotype on Serotonin Transporter and Serotonin-1A Receptor Binding. PLoS ONE 9(9): e106810. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106810"}
{"text": "It has come to the attention of the PLOS ONE Editors that there are substantial overlaps between the text of this article and a number of previously published works by other authors, particularly in the Introduction and Discussion sections. Text was duplicated verbatim or with minor modifications from the sources listed below:Farrell C, McAvoy H, Wilde J 2008) Tackling health inequalities: An all-Ireland approach to social determinants. Islandbridge, Dublin: Combat Poverty Agency Publication. (Reference 1 in the published article) [008 Tackl10.1016/j.brainres.2004.10.016 (Reference 5 in the published article) [Vendruscolo LF, Pamplona FA, Takahashi RN (2004) Strain and sex differences in the expression of nociceptive behavior and stress-induced analgesia in rats. Brain Res 1030: 277\u2013283. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.11.026 (Reference 17 in the published article) [Racine M, Tousignant-Laflamme Y, Kloda LA, Dion D, Dupuis G, et al. (2012) A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex/gender and pain perception\u2013Part 2: Do biopsychosocial factors alter pain sensitivity differently in women and men? Pain 153: 619\u201335. doi: article) Sex differences in opioid-mediated pain inhibitory mechanisms during the interphase in the formalin test. 2007. Neuroscience. Volume 146, Issue 1, 25 April 2007, Pages 366\u2013374 (uncited in the published article) [The formalin test: a dose\u2013response analysis at three developmental stages. 1998. Pain Volume 76, Issue 3, June 1998, Pages 337\u2013347 (uncited in the published article) [10.1136/thx.54.1.51 (Reference 35 in the published article) [Glynn P, Coakley R, Kilgallen I, Murphy N, O'Neill S (1999) Circulating interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 in community acquired pneumonia. Thorax 54: 51\u201355. doi: article) 10.1371/journal.pone.0004143 (Reference 34 in the published article) [Gioiosa L, Chiarotti F, Alleva E, Laviola G (2009) A trouble shared is a trouble halved: social context and status affect pain in mouse dyads. PloS one 4: e4143. doi: article) 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.04.003 (Reference 18 in the published article) [Butler RK, Finn DP 2009) Stress-induced analgesia. Prog Neurobiol 88: 184\u2013202. doi:  Stress-iInstitute for Laboratory Animal Research (2009) Recognition and alleviation of pain in laboratory animals. In: Recognition and Assessment of Pain. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press. pp. 47\u201370. (Reference 16 in the published article) 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.09.037 (Reference 40 in the published article) [Spooner MF, Robichaud P, Carrier JC, Marchand S (2007) Endogenous pain modulation during the formalin test in estrogen receptor beta knockout mice. Neuroscience 150: 675\u2013680. doi: article) 10.1016/j.pain.2010.07.022 (Reference 42 in the published article) [Borsook TK, MacDonald G (2010) Mildly negative social encounters reduce physical pain sensitivity. Pain 151: 372\u2013377. doi: article) 10.1016/j.pain.2008.09.023 (Reference 38 in the published article) [Ford GK, Finn DP (2008) Clinical correlates of stress-induced analgesia: evidence from pharmacological studies. Pain 140: 3\u20137. doi: article) 10.1007/978-88-470-0552-5_31 (uncited in the published article) [Cachexia in chronic kidney disease: malnutrition-inflammation complex and reverse epidemiology. 2006. DOI article) 10.1189/jlb.0405223 (uncited in the published article) [Leukocytes in the regulation of pain and analgesia. 2005. doi: article) 10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00164-x (Reference 22 in the published article) [Sternberg WF (1999) Sex differences in the effects of prenatal stress on stress-induced analgesia. Physiol Behav 68: 63\u201372. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.01.002 (Reference 57 in the published article) [Klatzkin RR, Mechlin B, Girdler SS (2010) Menstrual cycle phase does not influence gender differences in experimental pain sensitivity. Eur J Pain 14: 77\u201382. doi: article) 10.1007/s11916-011-0207-1 (uncited in the published article) [Pain Perception during Menstrual Cycle. 2011. DOI article) In view of the extensive verbatim use of text from other sources, the PLOS ONE Editors retract this article.The authors wish to acknowledge that such re-use of text is not appropriate and would like to apologize."}
{"text": "AbstractElasmobranchii recorded in Mexico is composed of 132 (110 named species and 22 not assigned to species), which belong to 70 genera included in 27 families (plus 4 incertae sedis families of cestodes). These data represent 7.2% of the worldwide species richness. Platyhelminthes is the most widely represented, with 128 taxa: 94 of cestodes, 22 of monogeneans and 12 of trematodes; Nematoda and Annelida: Hirudinea are represented by only 2 taxa each. These records come from 54 localities, pertaining to 15 states; Baja California Sur  and Baja California (10), are the states with the highest species richness: 72 and 54 species, respectively. Up to now, 48 elasmobranch species have been recorded as hosts of helminths in Mexico; so, approximately 82% of sharks and 67% of rays distributed in Mexican waters lack helminthological studies. The present list provides the host, distribution , site of infection, accession number in scientific collections, and references for the parasites. A host-parasite list is also provided.A comprehensive and updated summary of the literature and unpublished records contained in scientific collections on the helminth parasites of the elasmobranchs from Mexico is herein presented for the first time. At present, the helminth fauna associated with  According to Staphylorchispacifica  from the body cavity of an undetermined shark in the Pacific slope of this country. Since then, a great amount of information has been generated, most of it in the last 2 decades, particularly in the Gulf of California. The main goal of this checklist is to compile and discuss all these data and to establish some patterns of richness, geographical distribution and host spectrum.Elasmobranchs  are host to a great variety of parasites in nature, particularly helminths. Up to now, more than 1500 helminth species have been recorded in association with these hosts worldwide; cestodes represent the most diverse group, with approximately 1133 species, followed by monogeneans with 226, nematodes with 83, digeneans with 50-60, leeches with 23, and aspidogastreans with 2 . In addiColecci\u00f3n Nacional de Helmintos (CNHE), Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico] and international  parasite collections.This checklist contains information updated until December, 2015, and comes from two different sources: 1) retrospective bibliographical search, using different databases such as CAB Abstracts, Biological Abstracts, and Zoological Record; 2) Search in databases of national [Platyhelminthes , and followed by the phyla Nematoda and Annelida (Hirudinea). Each phylum contains families, genera, and species in alphabetical order. The nomenclature and classification for each metazoan group is based on the following references: Trematoda  Collection at the Natural History Museum, London, UK BMNHUNAM, Mexico City, M\u00e9xico  Colecci\u00f3n Nacional de Helmintos, Instituto de Biolog\u00eda, CNHE Colecci\u00f3n Parasitol\u00f3gica del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico CPMHN-UABCSEl Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico ECOPA Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, United States HWML Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, \u010ceske Bud\u011bjovice, Czech Republic IPCAS Lawrence R. Penner Collection, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA LRP Museum of Natural History, Geneva, SwitzerlandMNHG-INV or PLATSanta Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, United States SBMNH Pacific Fisheries Research Center, Vladivostok, Russian Federation TINRO Helminthological Collection, Zoology Department, University of California at Los Angeles UCLANational Museum of Natural History (USMN), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA  Accession numbers used in this work correspond to those given by United States National Parasite Collection, Beltsville, Maryland, USA, which was recently transferred to the USNPCtype locality (TL), type host (TH), and original reference (OR) of the new species described from elasmobranchs recorded in Mexico are indicated with abbreviations of these words in superscript.The name of the PageBreakentific names of the species of helminths are listed in alphabetical order, indicating in parentheses the parasite group to which they belong. The scientific names of elasmobranchs were updated following The host-parasite list is ordered alphabetically by families of elasmobranchs; each family includes the scientific name of the host and the authority name. Then, the sciincertae sedis). Platyhelminthes is represented by 128 taxa: 94 taxa of cestodes, 22 taxa of monogeneans and 12 taxa of trematodes; for both Nematoda and Annelida (Hirudinea) only 2 species have been recorded. The 54 sampled sites for helminths are located in 15 states; Baja California Sur  and Baja California (10), are the states with the highest species richness   have been recorded as host of 132 taxa of helminths (110 named species and 22 not assigned to species); these parasite species belong to 70 genera included in 27 families .usTH see OR.Specimens in collections.UCLA.Azygiidae L\u00fche, 1909Otodistomumveliporum  Stafford, 1904Site of infection. Body cavity, stomach.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Santa Rosal\u00eda: Heterodontusfrancisci, Heterodontusmexicanus, Mustelushenlei, Squatinacalifornica (see nica see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (3852).Bucephalidae Poche, 1907Prosorhynchustruncatus Verma, 1936Site of infection. Intestine.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: El Comit\u00e1n: Dasyatisbrevis (see evis see .Specimens in collections. CPMHN-UABCS (20).Gorgoderidae Looss, 1899Anaporrhutumeuzeti Curran, Blend & Overstreet, 2003Site of infection. Pericardial and body cavities.PageBreakLocality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Dasyatisbrevis (see TL: MyliobatislongirostrisTH (see OR). NA: Golfo de California: Dasyatislonga, Diplobatisommata, Mobulamunkiana, Myliobatiscalifornica, Narcineentemedor, Rhinobatosproductus, Urolophushalleri, Urolophusmaculatus, Zapteryxexasperata evis see . BAJA CAisTH see OR. NA: GSpecimens in collections.CNHE (4499); HWML (16702); SBMNH (345780).Nagmiacisloi Curran, Blend & Overstreet, 2009Site of infection. Body cavity.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de La PazTL: MobulathurstoniTH (see OR).niTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (6198).Nagmiarodmani Curran, Blend & Overstreet, 2009Site of infection. Body cavity.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Loreto TL: NarcineentemedorTH (see OR).rTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (6199); HWML (48889); SBMNH (423115).Probolitremarichiardii  Looss, 1902Site of infection. Body cavity.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Isla San Esteban: Urobatis sp. ; HWML (48890); SBMNH (423116); USNPC (49354).Notes. The specimens of Bah\u00eda de Santa In\u00e9s were identified as Probolitremamexicana, but this species is a synonym of Probolitremarichiardi according to Staphylorchispacifica  Campbell, 2008Site of infection. Body cavity.Locality. COLIMA: Manzanillo TL: \u201cTibur\u00f3n no determinadoTH\u201d (see OR). JALISCO: Puerto Vallarta: \u201cElasmobranchii\u201d (CNHE); NAPageBreakYARIT: Punta Mita: \u201cTibur\u00f3n no determinado\u201d .Notes. The original description of this species was made under the name Petalodistomumpacificum . Currently, this trematode species is accepted as Staphylorchispacifica  L\u00fche, 1900Site of infection. Stomach.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Musteluscalifornicus .Syncoeliidae Loos, 1899Paronatremavaginicola Dollfus, 1937Site of infection. Buccal cavity, cloaca, gills.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Boca de \u00c1lamo: Alopiaspelagicus, Prionaceglauca ; HWML .Syncoeliumvermilionensis Curran & Overstreet, 2000Site of infection. Gills.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Puntarena: Mobulajapanica (see TL: MobulathurstoniTH (see OR).nica see ; Santa MiTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (3850); HWML (15261).Monogenoidea Bychowsky, 1937Capsalidae Baird, 1853Benedeniellaposterocolpa  Yamaguti, 1963Site of infection. Skin.Locality. CAMPECHE: Estuario Champot\u00f3n: Rhinopterabonasus (see asus see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (4370).Listrocephalosguberleti  Bullard, Payne & Braswell, 2004Site of infection. Gills, skin.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Urolophushalleri .leri see ; Isla Sa sp. see . SONORA:iTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (34-5); USNPC (94826-8).Notes. This species was described as Entobdellaguberleti . BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Santa Rosal\u00eda: Dasyatisbrevis (see sTH see OR. BAJAevis see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (5021-2); USNPC (94829-34).PageBreakListrocephaloswhittingtoni Bullard, Payne & Braswell, 2004Site of infection. Skin.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL: DasyatislongaTH (see OR). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de La Paz: Dasyatislonga (see aTH see OR. BAJA onga see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (5023-4); USNPC (94835-9).Hexabothriidae Price, 1942Dasyonchocotyledasyatis  Boeger & Kritsky, 1989Site of infection. Gills.Locality. SINALOA: Mazatl\u00e1n: Dasyatislonga (see onga see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (9361).Loimoidae Price, 1936Loimoswinteri Caballero y Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1961Site of infection. Gills.Locality. SONORA: Bah\u00eda de GuaymasTL: CarcharhinusbrachyurusTH (see OR).usTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (86-7).Loimosinaparawilsoni Bravo-Hollis, 1970Site of infection. Gills.Locality. SINALOA: Mazatl\u00e1nTL: SphyrnalewiniTH (see OR).iTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (153-4).Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879Anoplocotyloidespapillatus  Young, 1967Site of infection. Gills.Locality. SINALOA: Mazatl\u00e1n: Rhinobatosglaucostigma (see igma see .Specimens in collection.CNHE (178).Notes. Based on the morphology of the posterior hooks of the haptor, PageBreakCalicotylecaliforniensis Bullard & Overstreet, 2000Site of infection. Body cavity.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL: MusteluscalifornicusTH (see OR).usTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (3907).Calicotylekroyeri Diesing, 1850Site of infection. Cloaca, rectum.Locality. CAMPECHE: Bancos de Campeche: Anacanthobatisfolirostris, Dipturusolseni ; Bah\u00eda de San Francisquito: Urolophushalleri ; HWML (15365-6); USNPC (89777-8).Dasybatotreminae gen. sp.Site of infection. Gills.Locality. GUERRERO: Acapulco: Rhinopterasteindachneri (see neri see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (8287-8).Decacotylefloridana  Chisholm & Whittington, 1998Site of infection. Gills.Locality. CAMPECHE: Ciudad del Carmen: Aetobatusnarinari (CNHE); Estuario Champot\u00f3n: Aetobatusnarinari .PageBreakNotes. Specimens from Ciudad del Carmen were identified as Heterocotyleaetobatis Hargis, but this species was considered a synonym of Decacotylefloridana by Denarycotylegardneri Pulido-Flores, Monks & Violante-Gonz\u00e1lez, 2015Site of infection. Gills.Locality. GUERRERO: AcapulcoTL: RhinopterasteindachneriTH (OR).chneriTH OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (9558-9); HWML (75364-7).Dendromonocotylecortesi Bravo-Hollis, 1969Site of infection. Skin.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL, Isla Rasa: \u201cMantarraya grisTH\u201d (see OR) .sTH\u201d see OR .Specimens in collections.CNHE (149-50).Notes. Valid species according to Dendromonocotyleoctodiscus Hargis, 1955Site of infection. Skin.Locality. GOLFO DE MEXICO (Mexico): Dasyatisamericana, Urobatisjamaicensis ; ECOPA (001); USNPC (90353).Notes. Valid species accordig to Euzetialamothei Pulido-Flores & Monks, 2008Site of infection. Gills.Locality. CAMPECHE: Ciudad del CarmenTL: RhinopterabonasusTH (see OR). QUINTANA ROO: Isla Contoy: Rhinopterabonasus (see usTH see OR. QUINTasus see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (6067-8); HWML (48817); CHE (P00056).PageBreakHeterocotyle sp.Site of infection. Gills.Locality. GUERRERO: Acapulco: Rhinopterasteindachneri .maTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (151-2).Spinuriszapterygis G\u00f3mez del Prado-Rosas & Euzet, 1999Site of infection. Gills.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda AlmejasTL: ZapteryxexasperataTH (see OR).taTH see OR.Specimens in collections. BM(NH) (1997.1.28.1); CNHE (2975-6); CPMHN-UABCS (54); MNHN (547HF Tk80); USNPC (87037).PageBreakCestoda Rudolphi, 1808Anthocephaliidae Ruhnke, Caira & Cox, 2015Anthocephalumcurrani Ruhnke & Seaman, 2009Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles, Puertecitos: Dasyatisbrevis (see Dasyatisdipterura (see TL: DasyatisbrevisTH (see OR).evis see ; Bah\u00eda drura see . BAJA CAisTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (6234-5); USNPC (100993).Notes. This species was identified as Anthocephalum n. sp. 2. in Anthocephalumduszynskii Ruhnke, 1994Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Puerto Pe\u00f1asco (Bah\u00eda Cholla)TL: UrolophushalleriTH (see Ruhnke 1994 OR).Specimens in collections.HWML (37095); USNPC (83437).Anthocephalumlukei Ruhnke & Seaman, 2009Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles, PuertecitosTL: DasyatislongaTH (see OR). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de La Paz: Dasyatislonga (see gaTH see OR. BAJA onga see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (6232-3); USNPC (100995).Notes. This species was identified as Anthocephalum n. sp. 1. in the Anthocephalummichaeli Ruhnke & Seaman, 2009Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Dasyatislonga .onga see ; Isla Saatus see . BAJA CAgaTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (6230-1); LRP (4232); USNPC .PageBreakNotes. Specimens from Isla San Esteban, identified as Anthocephalumduszynskii by Anthocephalummichaeli by Cathetocephalidae Dailey & Overstreet, 1973Cathetocephalusresendezi Caira, Mega & Ruhnke, 2005Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL: CarcharhinusleucasTH (see OR).asTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (5300).Cathetocephalusthatcheri Dailey & Overstreet, 1973Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. VERACRUZ: Playa Chachalacas: Carcharhinusleucas (see ucas see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (6860).Echeneibothriidae de Beauchamp, 1905Echeneibothrium sp.Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Santa Rosal\u00eda: Myliobatiscalifornicus .Notes. This material was recorded as Discobothrium sp., but according to Echeneibothrium.Echinobothriidae Perrier, 1897Echinobothriumfautleyae Tyler & Caira, 1999Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL: RhinopterasteindachneriTH (see OR); Puertecitos: Myliobatescalifornica, Rhinopterasteindachneri ; HWML (33910-11); USNPC (88217-19).Echinobothriumhoffmanorum Tyler, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de San Francisquito: Urolophushalleri, Urolophusmaculatus (see TL: UrolophusmaculatusTH (see OR). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Puntarena: Urobatisconcentricus .Echinobothriummexicanum Tyler & Caira, 1999Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL: MyliobatislongirostrisTH, Myliobatiscalifornica (see OR); Puertecitos: Myliobatiscalifornica ; HWML (33912-14); USNPC (88220-21).Echinobothriumrayallemangi Tyler, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL: RhinobatosleucorhynchusTH (see OR). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Santa Rosal\u00eda: Rhinobatosleucorhynchus (see usTH see OR. BAJA chus see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (3920-22).Escherbothriidae Ruhnke, Caira & Cox, 2015Escherbothriummolinae Berman & Brooks, 1994Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. GUERRERO: Bah\u00eda de Acapulco: Urotrygon sp. (see  sp. see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (8513-4); HWML (49850-3).PageBreakEutetrarhynchidae Guiart, 1927Dollfusiellalitocephalus  Beveridge, Neifar & Euzet, 2004Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de San Quint\u00edn: Triakissemifasciata (see iata see .Specimens in collections.USNPC (072672).Notes. The original denomination of this species was Eutetrarhynchuslitocephalus, but it was transferred to the genus Dollfusiella by Dollfusiellacortezensis  Schaeffner, 2014Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Puerto Pe\u00f1ascoTL: UrolophushalleriTH (see OR).riTH see OR.Specimens in collections.USNPC (92215).Notes. Notes. Published as Eutetrarhynchus sp. in Eutetrarhynchuscortezensis, but it was transferred to the genus Dollfusiella by Fellicocestusmobulae Campbell & Beveridge, 2006Site of infection. Gall bladder.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de la Paz: Mobula sp. (see TL: MobulajapanicaTH (see OR). sp. see ; PuntarecaTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (5452); USNPC .Eutetrarhynchidae gen. sp.Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. VERACRUZ: Playa de Chachalacas: Carcharhinusleucas (see ucas see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (6169).Hemionchosmaior Campbell & Beveridge, 2006Site of infection. Spiral valve.PageBreakLocality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de la PazTL: MobulajapanicaTH (see OR).caTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (5466-7).Hemionchosmobulae Campbell & Beveridge, 2006Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de la PazTL, Puntarena: MobulajapanicaTH (see OR): Loreto, Santa Rosal\u00eda: Mobulamunkiana (see caTH see OR: Loretiana see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (5465-6); LRP (3961); USNPC (97908-9).Hemionchosstriatus Campbell & Beveridge, 2006Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de la PazTL: Mobulajapanica, MobulathurstoniTH (see OR); Loreto: Mobulathurstoni, Myliobatiscalifornica ; LRP (3948); USNPC (97904-6).Mecistobothriummyliobati Heinz & Dailey, 1974Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Puerto Pe\u00f1asco: Urolophushalleri .niTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (5458); USNPC (97902).Mobulocestusmollis Campbell & Beveridge, 2006Site of infection. Cloaca.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de la PazTL: MobulathurstoniTH (see OR).niTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (5456).PageBreakMobulocestusnephriditis Campbell & Beveridge, 2006Site of infection. Nephridial system.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de la PazTL: MobulathurstoniTH (see OR).niTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (5454); USNPC (97901).Oncomegaspaulinae Toth, Campbell & Schmidt, 1992Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Puerto Pe\u00f1ascoTL: UrolophushalleriTH (see OR).riTH see OR.Specimens in collections.BMNH (1991.10.30.1-3); USNPC (082186).Parachristianelladimegacantha Krause, 1959Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de la Paz: Dasyatislonga .Parachristianellaparva Campbell & Beveridge, 2007Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Santa Rosal\u00edaTL: UrolophusmaculatusTH (see OR).usTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (5472).Parachristianellatrygoni Dollfus, 1946Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL: DasyatisbrevisTH (see OR). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Loreto: Mobulamunkiana (see isTH see OR. BAJA iana see .Specimens in collections.USNPC (97923-4).PageBreakProchristianellaminima Hainz & Daily, 1974Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Puerto Pe\u00f1asco: Urolophushalleri .Prochristianellamultidum Friggens & Duzynski, 2005Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Puerto Pe\u00f1ascoTL: UrolophushalleriTH (see OR).riTH see OR.Specimens in collections.USNPC (92218-9).Pseudochristianellaelegantissima Campbell & Beveridge, 2006Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Puertecitos: Dasyatisbrevis (see TL: DasyatisbrevisTH (see OR); San Jos\u00e9 del Cabo: Dasyatislonga ; USNPC (97915-6).Pseudochristianellanudiscula Campbell & Beveridge, 2006Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Myliobatislongirostris, Rhinobatosproductus ; San Jos\u00e9 del Cabo: Dasyatislonga ; USNPC .Lacistorhynchidae Guiart, 1927Callitetrarhynchusgracilis Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. VERACRUZ: Playa Chachalacas: Carcharhinusleucas (see ucas see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (6867).PageBreakFloricepscaballeroi Cruz-Reyes, 1977Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Laguna de AgiabampoTL: NegaprionbrevirostrisTH (see OR).isTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (479-80).Notes. According to Floricepssaccatus. However, the poor condition of the type material re-examined during the present study precludes any conclusion about the taxonomic status of this species.Floricepssaccatus Cuvier, 1817Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: NA: Notorhynchuscepedianus .usTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (8941-4).Litobothriumamplifica  Euzet, 1994Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Alopiaspelagicus (see Alopiaspelagicus (see TL: AlopiassuperciliosusTH (see OR).icus see . BAJA CAicus see . OAXACA:usTH see OR.Specimens in collections.BMNH (2000.3.7.8.10); CNHE (4051); TINRO (72020).Notes. This species was described as a member of the genus Renyxa, but Renyxa as a synonym of Litobothrium.Litobothriumdaileyi Kurochkin & Slankis, 1973Site of infection. Spiral valve.PageBreakLocality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Alopiaspelagicus (see Alopiaspelagicus (see TL: AlopiassuperciliosusTH (see OR).icus see . BAJA CAicus see . OAXACA:usTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4050); TINRO (72012).Litobothriumjanovyi Olson & Caira, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Santa Rosal\u00edaTL: AlopiassuperciliosusTH (see OR).usTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4052-3).Litobothriumnickoli Olson & Caira, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL: AlopiaspelagicusTH (see OR). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Santa Rosal\u00eda: Alopiaspelagicus (see usTH see OR. BAJA icus see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (4054-55); LRP (8321).Lecanicephalideaincertae sedis (Family)Aberrapexsenticosus Jensen, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Santa Rosal\u00edaTL: MyliobatiscalifornicaTH (see OR).caTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4188); HWML (16374); USNPC (91208).Notes. This species appears as Discobothrium n. sp. in Healyumharenamica Jensen, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Punta ArenaTL: MobulajapanicaTH (see OR).caTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4186); HWML (16376); USNPC (91212).PageBreakHealyumpulvis Jensen, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Punta ArenaTL: MobulajapanicaTH (see OR).caTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4184); HWML (16377); USNPC (91213).Notes. This taxon appears as New genus 3 n. sp., in the phylogenetic analysis done by Paraberrapexmanifestus Jensen, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Santa Rosal\u00edaTL: SquatinacalifornicaTH (see OR).caTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4179); HWML (16375); USNPC (91209).Notes.Paraberrapexmanifestus was referred to as New genus 2 n. sp. in the phylogenetic analysis done by Quadcuspibothriumfrancisi Jensen, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Punta ArenaTL: MobulajapanicaTH (see OR).caTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4182); HWML (16378); USNPC (91214).Notes. This species was referred to as New genus 4 n. sp. in the phylogenetic analysis done by Tetragonocephalidae Yamaguti, 1959Tylocephalum sp.Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Rhinopterasteindachneri (see Rhinopterasteindachneri (see neri see . GUERRERneri see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (8295-8296).PageBreakOnchoproteocephalideaincertae sedis (Family)Acanthobothriumbajaensis Appy & Dailey, 1973Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de San Quint\u00ednTL: HeterodontusfrancisciTH (see OR).ciTH see OR.Specimens in collections.USNPC (72567-8).Acanthobothriumbullardi Goshroy & Caira, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL, Puertecitos: DasyatisbrevisTH (see Goshroy and Caira 2001OR). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Santa Rosal\u00eda: Dasyatisbrevis (see Goshroy and Caira 2001).Specimens in collections.CNHE (4045-6); LRP (2060\u20132062); USNPC (90466-8).Acanthobothriumcleofanus Monks, Brooks & P\u00e9rez-Ponce de Le\u00f3n, 1996Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. JALISCO: Bah\u00eda de ChamelaTL: DasyatislongaTH (see OR).gaTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (2670-1); HWML; MNHG INV.Acanthobothriumdasi Goshroy & Caira, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: PuertecitosTL: DasyatisbrevisTH (see Goshroy and Caira 2001OR).Specimens in collections.CNHE (4043-4); HWML (15549-51); LRP (2051-4); USNPC (90463-5).Acanthobothriumdollyae Caira & Burge, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL, Isla San Esteban: DiplobatisommataTH (see OR). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Punta Arena: Diplobatisommata (see taTH see OR. BAJA mata see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (4169-70); LRP (2097-2101); USNPC (90837-9).PageBreakAcanthobothriummaryanskii Caira & Burge, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: LoretoTL, Punta Arena: DiplobatisommataTH (see OR).taTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4171-2); LRP (2012-3); USNPC (90840-1).Acanthobothriumolseni Dailey & Mudry, 1968Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. Sonora: Puerto Pe\u00f1asco: Urolophushalleri ; LRP (2012-3); USNPC (90840-1).Acanthobothriumpuertecitense Caira & Zahner, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Puertecitos: Heterodontusfrancisci (see isci see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (4175-6); LRP (2105-6); USNPC (90843).Notes.Acanthobothrium n. sp. 1.Acanthobothriumrajivi Goshroy & Caira, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: PuertecitosTL: DasyatisbrevisTH (see Goshroy and Caira 2001OR).Specimens in collections.CNHE (4043-4); HWML (15552); LRP (2055-6); USNPC (90461).PageBreakAcanthobothriumroyi Caira & Burge, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Loreto, Punta ArenaTL: DiplobatisommataTH (see OR).taTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4173-4); LRP (2014); USNPC (90842).Acanthobothriumsantarosaliense Caira & Zahner, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Santa Rosal\u00edaTL: HeterodontusfrancisciTH (see OR).ciTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4177-78); LRP (2107); USNPC (90844).Acanthobothriumsoberoni Goshroy & Caira, 2001Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles, PuertecitosTL: DasyatisbrevisTH (see Goshroy and Caira 2001OR). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Loreto: Dasyatisbrevis (see Goshroy and Caira 2001).Specimens in collections.CNHE (4040-1); HWML (15548); LRP (2057-9); USNPC (90462).Acanthobothrium sp.Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Urolophushalleri . BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: San Jos\u00e9 del Cabo: Dasyatisbrevis (see Goshroy and Caira 2001).PageBreakSpecimens in collections.CNHE (4048); USNPC (90439).Notes. This material probably represents a new species as it differs from both Acanthobothroidesthorsoni and Acanthobothroidespacificus (see Goshroy and Caira 2001).Onchobothrium sp.Site of infection. Intestine.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Ensenada: Urolophushalleri (HWML).Specimens in collections.HWML (31324).Phoreibothrium sp.Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Carcharhinusleucas (see Sphyrnamokarran (see Carcharhinusleucas (see ucas see . NA: Golrran see . VERACRUucas see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (6866).Platybothriumangelbahiense Healy, 2003Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngelesTL: CarcharhinusleucasTH (see OR).asTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (4727-9); LRP (3213-3215); USNPC (92236).Platybothriumauriculatum Yamaguti, 1952Site of infection. Intestine, spiral valve, stomach.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bah\u00eda de La Paz, San Isidro: Prionaceglauca .Platybothrium sp.Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Carcharhinusleucas .Prosobothriumarmigerum Cohn, 1902Site of infection. Intestine, stomach.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Punta Abreojos, Punta Belcher: Prionaceglauca .aena see . VERACRUSpecimens in collections.CNHE (6863-3).Phyllobothriidae Braun, 1900Orygmatobothrium sp.Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Puertecitos: Mustelushenlei .Notes. This material was recorded as Paraorygmatobothrium sp. 1 and sp. 2.Phyllobothriumhallericola Church & Schmidt, 1990Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Puerto Pe\u00f1ascoTL: UrolophushalleriTH (see OR).riTH see OR.Specimens in collections.USNPC (81051-2).Notes. The accession number published by Phyllobothrium sp.Site of infection. Intestine, spiral valve, stomach.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Las Barrancas, Punta Abreojos, Punta Belcher: Prionaceglauca ; USNPC (81053).Notes. The accession number published by Pterobothriidae Pintner, 1931Pterobothrioidescarvajali Campbell & Beveridge, 1997Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: PuertecitosTL: DasyatislongaTH (see OR).gaTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (3142); USNPC (85472).PageBreakRhinebothriideaincertae sedis (Family)Serendipdanbrooksi Monks, Zaragoza-Tapia, Pulido-Flores & Violante-Gonz\u00e1lez, 2015Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. GUERRERO: Bah\u00eda de AcapulcoTL: RhinopterasteindachneriTH (OR). SINALOA: Mazatl\u00e1n: Rhinopterasteindachneri ; HWML (75091-104); MNGH-PLAT (90513-5).Notes. This species appears as Serendip sp. in Serendip is clearly a candidate for membership in the Rhinebothriidea; a molecular analysis will be necessary to assign it to family level.Rhinebothriidae Euzet, 1953Glyphobothriumzwerneri Williams & Campbell, 1977Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. CAMPECHE: Ciudad del Carmen: Rhinopterabonasus (see asus see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (8838).Notes. The inclusion of this cestode species in Rhinebothriidae follows Appeltans et al. (2012).Rhinebothriumchollaensis Friggens & Duszynski, 2005Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Puerto Pe\u00f1asco (Bah\u00eda Cholla)TL: UrolophushalleriTH (see OR).riTH see OR.Specimens in collections.USNPC (92213-4).Notes. Published as Rhinebothrium sp. in Rhinebothriumgravidum Friggens & Duszynski, 2005Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Puerto Pe\u00f1ascoTL: UrolophushalleriTH (see OR).riTH see OR.Specimens in collections.USNPC (92212).Notes. Published as Rhinebothrium sp. in PageBreakRhinebothriummaccallumi Linton, 1924Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. NA: NA: Dasyatisamericana .Notes. The records of Dasyatisbrevis and Dasyatislonga were made as Rhinebothrium sp.5 and Rhinebothrium sp.6, respectively.Rhinebothriumurobatidium  Appy & Dailey, 1977Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. SONORA: Puerto Pe\u00f1asco: Urolophushalleri (see leri see .Specimens in collections.USNPC (92202-5).Scalithrium sp.Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: San Jos\u00e9 del Cabo: Dasyatislonga (see onga see .Specimens in collections.LRP (3895).Notes. This record appears as Scalithrium n. sp. in Rhinoptericolidae Carvajal & Campbell, 1975Rhinoptericolamegacantha Carvajal & Campbell, 1975Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. GUERRERO: Bah\u00eda de Acapulco: Rhinopterasteindachneri (see neri see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (8297-8).PageBreakRhinoptericola sp.Site of infection. Stomach.Locality. GUERRERO: Bah\u00eda de Acapulco: Rhinopterasteindachneri (see neri see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (8299-8300).Nybeliniaanthicosum Heinz & Dailey, 1974Site of infection. Spiral valve, stomach.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Playa Mar\u00eda: Heterodontusfrancisci (see Heterodontusfrancisci (see isci see . SONORA:isci see .Specimens in collections.USNPC (72675).Nybelinia sp.Site of infection. Stomach.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Las Barrancas: Prionaceglauca (see auca see .No specimens in collections.Tetraphyllidea\u201d incertae sedis (Family)\u201cAnthobothrium sp.Site of infection. Intestine, stomach.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Punta Abreojos, Punta Belcher, Las Barrancas: Prionaceglauca .PageBreakCaulobothrium sp.Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Myliobatiscalifornicus (see icus see .Specimens in collections.LRP (3012).Notes. According to Caulobothrium n. sp. 1 in Duplicibothriumcairae Ruhnke, Curran & Holbert, 2000Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de los \u00c1ngeles, Puertecitos: Rhinopterasteindachneri (see TL: RhinopterasteindachneriTH (see OR).neri see . BAJA CAriTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (3846-7); HWML ; USNPC (89726-7).Notes. This species was reported as Duplicibothrium n. sp. 1 in the phylogenetic analysis done by Duplicibothriumpaulum Ruhnke, Curran & Holbert, 2000Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de los \u00c1ngeles, PuertecitosTL: RhinopterasteindachneriTH (see OR).riTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (3848); HWML ; USNPC (89728-9).Notes. This species was reported as Duplicibothrium n. sp. 2 in the phylogenetic analysis done by Pedibothriumbrevispine Linton, 1909Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: San Jos\u00e9 del Cabo: Ginglymostomacirratum (see atum see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (4191).Pedibothriummanteri Caira, 1992Site of infection. Spiral valve.PageBreakLocality. BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: San Jos\u00e9 del Cabo: Ginglymostomacirratum (see atum see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (4190).Symcallioevani  Bernot, Caira & Pickering, 2015Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda de Los \u00c1ngeles: Musteluslunulatus (see TL: MusteluslunulatusTH (see OR). BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: San Jos\u00e9 del Cabo, Santa Rosal\u00eda: Musteluslunulatus ; USNPC .Notes. This species was described as Calliobothriumevani and recently transferred to Symcallio by Symcallioevani was determined by Carcharhinidae\u201d; its accurate specific identity was established by Symcallioriseri  Bernot, Caira & Pickering, 2015Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Puertecitos: Mustelushenlei (see TL: MustelushenleiTH (see OR).nlei see . BAJA CAeiTH see OR.Specimens in collections.CNHE (3068-70); HWML (22537).Notes. Specimens from Puertecitos were identified by Calliobothriumlintoni Euzet, 1954 and re-identified by Calliobothriumriseri. This species was recently transferred to Symcallio by Nematoda Cobb, 1932Gnathostomatidae Lane, 1923Echinocephalusjenzeni Hoberg, Brooks, Molina & Erbe, 1998Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. CHIAPAS: Laguna Mar Muerto: Himanturapacifica (see fica see .Specimens in collections.CNHE (2642).PageBreakEchinocephaluspseudouncinatus Millemann, 1951Site of infection. Spiral valve.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Bah\u00eda San Francisquito, Isla \u00c1ngel de la Guarda (Puerto Refugio): Heterodontusfrancisci ; USNPC .Annelida Lamarck 1809Hirudinea Lamarck, 1818Piscicolidae Johnston, 1865Piscicolidae gen. sp.Site of infection. Skin.Locality. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Isla San Esteban: Zapteryxexasperata (CNHE).Specimens in collections.CNHE (4027).Notes. This specimen was deposited at the CNHE by Steve Curran as the holotype of the new species Pseudaustrobdellacairae, but their description was not published.Stibarobdellamacrothela  Llewellyn, 1966Site of infection. Skin.Locality. TAMAULIPAS: Matamoros: Ginglymostomacirratum (CNHE). VERACRUZ: Isla de Sacrificios: Elasmobranquio no determinado (CNHE).Specimens in collections.CNHE .SelachiiALOPIIDAEAlopiaspelagicus NakamuraLitobothriumaenigmaticum (C)Litobothriumamplifica (C)Litobothriumdaileyi (C)Litobothriumnickoli (C)Paronatremavaginicola (T)PageBreakAlopiassuperciliosus LoweLitobothriumamplifica (C)Litobothriumdaileyi (C)Litobothriumjanovyi (C)CARCHARHINIDAECarcharhinusbrachyurus G\u00fcntherLiomoswinteri (M)Carcharhinusleucas (M\u00fcller & Henle)Cathetocephalusresendezi (C)Cathetocephalusthatcheri (C)Callitetrarhynchusgracilis (C)Eutetrarhynchidae gen. sp. (C)Phoreiobothrium sp. (C)Platybothriumangelbahiense (C)Platybothrium sp. (C)Otobothrium sp. (C)Paraorygmatobothrium sp. (C)Carcharhinuslimbatus M\u00fcller & HenleStaphylorchispacifica (T)Negaprionbrevirostris (Poey)Floricepscaballeroi (C)Prionaceglauca (Linnaeus)Anthobothrium sp. (C)Helicometrinanimia (T)Nybelinia sp. (C)Paronatremavaginicola (T)Phyllobothrium sp. (C)Platybothriumauriculatum (C)Prosobothriumarmigerum (C)GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAEGinglymostomacirratum (Bonnaterre)Pedibothriumbrevispine (C)Pedibothriummanteri (C)Stibarobdellamacrothela (H)HETERODONTIDAEHeterodontusfrancisci (Girard)Acanthobothriumbajaensis (C)Acanthobothriumpuertecitense (C)Acanthobothriumsantarosaliense (C)Acanthobothrium sp. (C)Echinocephaluspseudouncinatus (N)Nybeliniaanthicosum (C)PageBreakOtodistomumveliporum (T)Heterodontusmexicanus Taylor & Castro-AguirreOtodistomumveliporum (T)HEXANCHIDAENotorynchuscepedianus (P\u00e9ron)Floricepssaccatus (C)SPHYRNIDAESphyrnalewini (Griffith & Smith)Loimosinaparawilsoni (M)Platybothriumtantulum (C)Sphyrnamokarran (R\u00fcppell)Phoreiobothrium sp. (C)Sphyrnazygaena (L.)Otobothrium sp. (C)Parachristianelladimegacantha (C)Platybothriumtantulum (C)SQUATINIDAESquatinacalifornica AyresOtodistomumveliporum (T)Paraberrapexmanifestus (C)TRIAKIDAEGaleorhinusgaleus (Linnaeus)Staphylorchispacifica (T)Musteluscalifornicus GillCalicotylecaliforniensis (M)Ptychogonimusmegastomum (T)Mustelushenlei (Gill)Calliobothriumevani (C)Calliobothriumriseri (C)Orygmatobothrium sp. (C)Otodistomumveliporum (T)Musteluslunulatus Jordan & GilbertCalliobothriumevani (C)Probolitremarichiardii (T)Ptychogonimusmegastomum (T)Triakissemifasciata GirardDollfusiellalitocephalus (C)Undetermined sharkStaphylorchispacifica (T)ElasmobranchiiUndetermined Staphylorchispacifica (T)Stibarobdellamacrothela (H)PageBreakBatoideaANACANTHOBATIDAEAnacanthobatisfolirostris Bigelow & SchroederCalicotylekroyeri (M)DASYATIDAEDasyatisamericana Hildebrand & SchroederDendromonocotyleoctodiscus (M)Rhinebothriummaccallumi (C)Dasyatisbrevis (Garman)Acanthobothriumbullardi (C)Acanthobothriumdasi (C)Acanthobothriumrajivi (C)Acanthobothriumsoberoni (C)Acanthobothroides sp. (C)Anaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Anthocephalumcurrani (C)Listrocephaloskearni (M)Parachristianellatrygonis (C)Probolitremarichiardii (T)Prosorhynchustruncatus (T)Pseudochristianellaelegantissima (C)Rhinebothrium sp. (C)Dasyatisdipterura (Jordan & Gilbert)Anthocephalumcurrani (C)Dasyatislonga (Garman)Acanthobothriumcleofanus (C)Acanthobothrium sp. (C)Anaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Anthocephalumlukei (C)Anthocephalummichaeli (C)Dasyonchocotyledasyatis (M)Listrocephaloswittingtoni (M)Parachristianelladimegacantha (C)Probolitremarichiardii (T)Pseudochristianellaelegantissima (C)Pseudochristianellanudiscula (C)Pterobothrioidescarvajali (C)Rhinebothrium sp. (C)Scalithrium sp. (C)Himanturapacifica Beebe & Tee-VanEchinocephalusjenzeni (N)PageBreakMYLIOBATIDAEAetobatusnarinari EuphrasenDecacotylefloridana (M)Mobulajapanica (M\u00fcller & Henle)Fellicocestusmobulae (C)Healyumharenamica (C)Healyumpulvis (C)Hemionchosmaior (C)Hemionchosmobulae (C)Hemionchosstriatus (C)Quadcuspibothriumfrancisi (C)Syncoeliumvermilionense (T)Mobulamunkiana Notarbartolo-di-SciaraAnaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Hemionchosmobulae (C)Parachristianellatrygonis (C)Mobula sp.Fellicocestusmobulae (C)Mobulathurstoni (Lloyd)Hemionchosstriatus (C)Mobulocestuslepidoscolex (C)Mobulocestusmollis (C)Mobulocestusnephriditis (C)Nagmiacisloi (T)Syncoeliumvermilionense (T)Myliobatiscalifornica GillAberrapexsenticosus (C)Anaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Caulobothriumopisthorchis (C)Caulobothrium sp. (C)Echeneibothrium sp. (C)Echinobothriumfautleyae (C)Echinobothriummexicanum (C)Echinocephaluspseudouncinatus (N)Hemionchosstriatus (C)Probolitremarichiardii (T)Myliobatislongirostris Applegate & FitchAnaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Echinobothriummexicanum (C)Probolitremarichiardii (T)Pseudochristianellanudiscula (C)PageBreakRhinopterabonasus (Mitchill)Benedeniellaposterocolpa (M)Euzetialamothei (M)Glyphobothriumzwerneri (C)Rhinopterasteindachneri Evermann & JenkinsDasybatotreminae gen. sp. (M)Denarycotylegardneri (M)Duplicibothriumcairae (C)Duplicibothriumpaulum (C)Echinobothriumfautleyae (C)Heterocotyle sp. (M)Monocotylidae gen. sp. (M)Phyllobothrium sp. (C)Rhinoptericolamegacantha (C)Rhinoptericola sp. (C)Serendipdanbrooksi (C)Tylocephalum sp. (C)NARCINIDAEDiplobatisommata (Jordan & Gilbert)Acanthobothriumdollyae (C)Acanthobothriummaryanskii (C)Acanthobothriumroyi (C)Anaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Narcineentemedor Jordan & StarksAnaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Nagmiarodmani (T)RAJIDAEDipturusolseni Bigelow & SchroederCalicotylekroyeri (M)Rajavelezi ChirichignoEcheneibothrium sp. (C)RHINOBATIDAERhinobatosglaucostigma Jordan & GilbertAnoplocotyloidespapillatus (M)Spinurismexicana (M)Rhinobatoslentiginosus GarmanParamonilicaecum gen. sp. (T)Rhinobatosleucorhynchus G\u00fcntherEchinobothriumrayallemangi (C)Probolitremarichiardii (T)Rhinobatosproductus AyresAnaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Pseudochristianellanudiscula (C)PageBreakSpinurislophosoma (M)Zapteryxexasperata (Jordan & Gilbert)Anaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Piscicolidae gen. sp. (H)Pseudochristianellanudiscula (C)Spinuriszapterygis (M)UROTRYGONIDAEUrobatisconcentricus Osburn & NicholsListrocephalosguberleti (M)Echinobothriumhoffmanorum (C)Urobatisjamaicensis CuvierDendromonocotyleoctodiscus (M)Urobatis sp.Listrocephalosguberleti (M)Probolitremarichiardii (T)Urolophushalleri CooperAcanthobothriumolseni (C)Acanthobothriumparviuncinatum (C)Acanthobothrium sp. (C)Anaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Anthocephalumduszynskii (C)Calicotyleurobati (M)Dollfusiellacotezensis (C)Echinobothriumhoffmanorum (C)Listrocephalosguberleti (M)Mecistobothriummyliobati (C)Onchobothrium sp. (C)Oncomegaspaulinae (C)Phyllobothriumhallericola (C)Phyllobothrium sp. (C)Prochristianellaminima (C)Prochristianellamultidum (C)Rhinebothriumchollaensis (C)Rhinebothriumgravidum (C)Rhinebothriumurobatidium (C)Urolophusmaculatus (Garman)Acanthobothrium sp. (C)Anaporrhutumeuzeti (T)Anthocephalummichaeli (C)Calicotyleurobati (M)Echinobothriumhoffmanorum (C)Listrocephalosguberleti (M)Parachristianellaparva (C)PageBreakPleorchismagniporus (T)Probolitremarichiardii (T)Rhinebothrium sp. (C)Urotrygonsimulatrix Miyake & EachranParachristianelladimegacantha (C)Urotrygon sp.Escherbothriummolinae (C)\u201cMantarraya gris\u201dDendromonocotylecortesi (M)To date, 132 helminth taxa (110 named species and 22 taxa not assigned to species) have been reported as parasites of elasmobranch species in Mexico. Seventy-three of these taxa are represented by holotypes from Mexican waters. All of these taxa have been collected in the adult stage (132). Thus, the richness of helminth species parasitizing elasmobranchs distributed in Mexican waters represents 7.2% of the worldwide species richness for this group see .Myliobatidae (8 species) and Urotrygonidae (6) being the families with the highest number of species sampled, due to the fact that100% and 60% respectively of the species of these two families recorded in Mexico, have been studied for helminths. In addition, helminths have been reported from 9 of the 12 orders of elasmobranchs in Mexican waters; no records are available for Squaliformes, Orectolobiformes (Selachii) or Rhinobatiformes (Batoidea). Fifteen of the 23 families of sharks have not been reported as hosts of helminths, as well as half of the families of rays. From the 204 known species of elasmobranchs recorded in Mexican waters, only 26% of them have been studied for helminths; thus, only 18.3% and 32.6% of shark and ray species, respectively, have been examined for, and found to host, helminths (Table The 132 taxa parasitize 48 taxa of elasmobranchs (4 of them not assigned to species), within 15 families; Urolophushalleri (with 19 taxa), Dasyatislonga (14) and Dasyatisbrevis (13). However, 8 shark and 9 ray species have been recorded only once as hosting helminths. In total, Batoidea is parasitized by 109 taxa of helminths and Selachii by 52, of which 56% and 61%, respectively, are cestode species. The mean value of species harbored by a host is 2.8 for sharks and 3.8 for rays; these traits are in accordance with the findings reported by The species of elasmobranchs with the higher parasite species richness are Anaporrhutumeuzeti and Probolitremarichardii (Trematoda) are the species with the broadest host spectrum; the former species is associated with 11 species of rays PageBreakPageBreakfrom three localities, and the latter has been found in 7 species of rays and one shark from three localities. Higher host specificity was shown by cestodes; 62 of the 76 nominal species of this group were specialists for a particular species of elasmobranch. These results are in accordance with Dendromonocotyleoctodiscus had the widest geographic distribution, being found in 7 localities; this monogenean is followed by Echinobothriumfautleyae, Anthocephalummichaeli and Staphylorchispacifica, which are distributed in 5 localities each, as well as Symcallioevani and Calicotyleurobati, recorded in 4 locations each. Acanthobothrium is the most specious genus, as it is represented by 14 species parasitizing 6 species of elasmobranchs.PageBreakStaphylorchispacifica). Between 1945 and 1994, only 20 species were reported in this group of hosts in the country. From 1995 to the present, this number increased more than 400%, rising to 107 species  and Baja California (54), both located in the Gulf of California, up to now, the most intensively sampled region of Mexico.The helminthological record of elasmobranchs distributed in Mexico is asymmetrically constituted in terms of the helminth groups represented, the hosts studied and the geographical distribution of the sampling sites. Cestodes are the most widely represented group, with 76 named species and 18 not assigned to species. The main reasons that explain this asymmetry can be summarized in two points: 1) the great diversity of cestodes associated with elasmobranchs, as nine of the 19 orders included in this Class infect this group of hosts, and eight are even exclusive parasites of them ; cestodeCorynosoma sp. (Gorgorhynchoidesbullocki (Anisakissimplex, Hedruris sp. (Anisakis sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Terranova sp. (Mexiconemacichlasomae (In addition to the 132 helminth taxa recorded so far in elasmobranchs inhabiting Mexican waters, another 8 taxa of helminths were found in this group of hosts: 2 acanthocephalans, soma sp.  and Gorgbullocki , and 6 nuris sp. , Anisakinova sp. , and Mexhlasomae . Howeverhlasomae .Elasmobranchii in Mexico remain scarce and fragmentary. To date, 81.7% of sharks and 67.4% of rays distributed in Mexican waters lack helminthological studies. Completing the helminthological inventory for this group of vertebrates is a major challenge, as recent estimates establish the number of species to be described associated with these hosts at approximately 3600, considering only the tapeworms (In spite of the great amount of information generated in the last 20 years, new records of the helminth fauna of apeworms . Only th"}
{"text": "In the title of this article, the word \u201cHigher\u201d should be \u201cLower.\u201d The correct title is: Androgenic Alopecia Is Associated with Less Dietary Soy, Lower Blood Vanadium and rs1160312 1 Polymorphism in Taiwanese Communities. The correct citation is: Lai C-H, Chu N-F, Chang C-W, Wang S-L, Yang H-C, et al. (2013) Androgenic Alopecia Is Associated with Less Dietary Soy, Lower Blood Vanadium and rs1160312 1 Polymorphism in Taiwanese Communities. PLoS ONE 8(12): e79789. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079789"}
{"text": "Some errors were introduced in the ordering of the references in the published paper. References 1\u20135 were listed out of order and therefore also caused errors within the in-text citations, as detailed below:1. In the first paragraph of the section titled \u2018Principles of Diffusion MRI and Key Concepts\u2019, the third sentence should have cited reference 2, instead of 1. The correct sentence should read:Unexpectedly, diffusion (a visible phenomenon) was linked by Einstein to Brownian motion in the context of the theory of heat to prove the existence of (invisible) atoms and molecules [2].2. In the second paragraph, titled \u2018Principles of Diffusion MRI and Key Concepts\u2019, the third to last sentence should have cited reference 3, instead of 2. The correct sentence should read:Diffusion-driven displacements of water molecules are encoded in the MRI signal by spatial and temporal variation of the magnetic field (see [3] for a review of the history and the principles of diffusion MRI) generated by magnetic field gradient pulses.3. In the second paragraph of the section titled \u2018Principles of Diffusion MRI and Key Concepts\u2019, the last sentence should have cited references 4 and 5 respectively, rather than 3 and 4. The correct sentence should read:The observation of non-Gaussian diffusion and the related modeling of diffusion effects was investigated by pioneers such as Stejskal and Tanner (see [4] for a review), well before the advent of MRI, but this issue remains a complex and hot topic of investigation today for diffusion MRI [5].4. In the third paragraph of the section titles \u2018Principles of Diffusion MRI and Key Concepts\u2019, the first sentence should have cited reference 1 rather than 5. The correct sentence should read:The \u201capparent diffusion coefficient\u201d (ADC) concept was introduced along with the diffusion MRI concept [1] to avoid the difficulties of non-Gaussian diffusion and facilitate clinical application of the technique.5. In the first paragraph of the section titled \u2018Applications of Diffusion MRI; Acute Brain Ischemia\u2019 the last sentence cited reference 3 rather than 4. The correct sentence should read:Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this sharp, counterintuitive decrease in water diffusion, but the exact mechanisms linking the ADC decrease with cell swelling still remain today to be clarified [4].6. In the section titled \u2018Wiring of the Brain\u2019, the third from last sentence cited reference 2 rather than 3. The correct sentence should read:The potential of diffusion MRI to probe human brain connectivity has attracted worldwide interest and is now widely used in clinical practice. Recent results from the European FP7 CONNECT project [42] and the Human Connectome Project [43] have clearly underlined the enormous potential of this approach, yielding insight into how brain connections underlie function and opening up new lines of inquiry for human neuroscience and brain dysfunction in aging, mental health disorders, addiction, and neurological disease [3].The full corrected list of references is also provided here:Le Bihan D, Breton E, Lallemand D, Grenier P, Cabanis E, Laval-Jeantet M. MR imaging of intravoxel incoherent motions: application to diffusion and perfusion in neurologic disorders. Radiology. 1986; 161 (2):401\u20137. doi: 10.1148/radiology.161.2.3763909 PMID: 3763909Einstein A. Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement: Courier Dover Publications; 1956.Le Bihan D, Johansen-Berg H. Diffusion MRI at 25: exploring brain tissue structure and function. Neuroimage. 2012; 61(2):324\u201341. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.006 PMID: 22120012Le Bihan D. The 'wet mind': water and functional neuroimaging. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 2007; 52(7):R57\u201390. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/52/7/r02 PMID: 17374909Yablonskiy DA, Sukstanskii AL. Theoretical models of the diffusion weighted MR signal. NMR in biomedicine. 2010; 23(7):661\u201381. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1520 PMID: 20886562Le Bihan D. Apparent diffusion coefficient and beyond: what diffusion MR imaging can tell us about tissue structure. Radiology. 2013; 268(2):318\u201322. doi: 10.1148/radiol.13130420 PMID: 23882093Pyatigorskaya N, Le Bihan D, Reynaud O, Ciobanu L. Relationship between the diffusion time and the diffusion MRI signal observed at 17.2 tesla in the healthy rat brain cortex. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2014; 72(2):492\u2013500. doi: 10.1002/mrm.24921 PMID: 24022863Grinberg F, Farrher E, Ciobanu L, Geffroy F, Le Bihan D, Shah NJ. Non-Gaussian Diffusion Imaging for Enhanced Contrast of Brain Tissue Affected by Ischemic Stroke. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(2):e89225. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089225 PMID: 24586610Anderson SW, Barry B, Soto J, Ozonoff A, O'Brien M, Jara H. Characterizing non\u2010gaussian, high bvalue diffusion in liver fibrosis: Stretched exponential and diffusional kurtosis modeling. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014; 39(4):827\u201334. doi: 10.1002/jmri.24234 PMID: 24259401Yuan J, Yeung DKW, Mok GS, Bhatia KS, Wang Y-XJ, Ahuja AT, et al. Non-Gaussian Analysis of Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Head and Neck at 3T: A Pilot Study in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(1):e87024. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087024 PMID: 24466318Iima M, Yano K, Kataoka M, Umehana M, Murata K, Kanao S, et al. Quantitative non-gaussian diffusion and intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging: differentiation of malignant and benign breast lesions. Invest Radiol. 2015; 50(4):205\u201311. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000094 PMID: 25260092Iima M, Reynaud O, Tsurugizawa T, Ciobanu L, Li J-R, Geffroy F, et al. Characterization of Glioma Microcirculation and Tissue Features Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Rat Brain Model. Invest Radiol. 2014; 49(7):485\u201390. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000040 PMID: 24619211Assaf Y, Basser PJ. Composite hindered and restricted model of diffusion (CHARMED) MR imaging of the human brain. Neuroimage. 2005; 27(1):48\u201358. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.03.042 PMID: 15979342Assaf Y, Blumenfeld\u2010Katzir T, Yovel Y, Basser PJ. AxCaliber: a method for measuring axon diameter distribution from diffusion MRI. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 2008; 59(6):1347\u201354. doi: 10.1002/mrm.21577 PMID: 18506799Zhang H, Schneider T, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Alexander DC. NODDI: Practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain. Neuroimage. 2012; 61(4):1000\u201316. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072 PMID: 22484410Moseley M, Cohen Y, Mintorovitch J, Chileuitt L, Shimizu H, Kucharczyk J, et al. Early detection of regional cerebral ischemia in cats: comparison of diffusion and T2\u2010weighted MRI and spectroscopy. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 1990; 14(2):330\u201346. doi: 10.1002/mrm.1910140218 PMID: 2345513Turner R, Le Bihan D, Maier J, Vavrek R, Hedges LK, Pekar J. Echo-planar imaging of intravoxel incoherent motion. Radiology. 1990; 177(2):407\u201314. doi: 10.1148/radiology.177.2.2217777 PMID: 2217777Warach S, Chien D, Li W, Ronthal M, Edelman RR. Fast magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging of acute human stroke. Neurology. 1992; 42(9):1717\u201323. doi: 10.1212/wnl.42.9.1717 PMID: 1513459Warach S, Boska M, Welch KM. Pitfalls and potential of clinical diffusion-weighted MR imaging in acute stroke. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. 1997; 28(3):481\u20132. PMID: 9056599Warach S, Dashe JF, Edelman RR. Clinical outcome in ischemic stroke predicted by early diffusion weighted and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: a preliminary analysis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 1996; 16(1):53\u20139. doi: 10.1002/mrm.1910390605 PMID: 8530555Dreher W, Kuhn B, Gyngell ML, Busch E, Niendorf T, Hossmann KA, et al. Temporal and regional changes during focal ischemia in rat brain studied by proton spectroscopic imaging and quantitative diffusion NMR imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 1998; 39(6):878\u201388. doi: 10.1002/mrm.1910390605 PMID: 9621911Gonzalez RG, Schaefer PW, Buonanno FS, Schwamm LH, Budzik RF, Rordorf G, et al. Diffusion weighted MR imaging: diagnostic accuracy in patients imaged within 6 hours of stroke symptom onset. Radiology. 1999; 210(1):155\u201362. doi: 10.1148/radiology.210.1.r99ja02155 PMID: 9885601Lovblad KO, Baird AE, Schlaug G, Benfield A, Siewert B, Voetsch B, et al. Ischemic lesion volumes in acute stroke by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging correlate with clinical outcome. Annals of neurology. 1997; 42(2):164\u201370. doi: 10.1002/ana.410420206 PMID: 9266725Guo Y, Cai YQ, Cai ZL, Gao YG, An NY, Ma L, et al. Differentiation of clinically benign and malignant breast lesions using diffusion\u2010weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002; 16 (2):172\u20138. doi: 10.1002/jmri.10140 PMID: 12203765Humphries PD, Sebire NJ, Siegel MJ, Olsen \u00d8E. Tumors in Pediatric Patients at Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Tumor Cellularity Radiology. 2007; 245(3):848\u201354. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2452061535 PMID: 17951348Sugahara T, Korogi Y, Kochi M, Ikushima I, Shigematu Y, Hirai T, et al. Usefulness of diffusion weighted MRI with echo\u2010planar technique in the evaluation of cellularity in gliomas. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999; 9(1):53\u201360. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2586(199901)9:1<53::aid-jmri7>3.0.co;2\u20132 PMID: 10030650Fan G, Zang P, Jing F, Wu Z, Guo Q. Usefulness of Diffusion/Perfusion-weighted MRI in Rat Gliomas: Correlation with Histopathology. Academic Radiology. 2005; 12(5):640\u201351. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2005.01.024 PMID: 15866139Nakajo M, Kajiya Y, Kaneko T, Kaneko Y, Takasaki T, Tani A, et al. FDG PET/CT and diffusion weighted imaging for breast cancer: prognostic value of maximum standardized uptake values and apparent diffusion coefficient values of the primary lesion. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 2010; 37(11):2011\u201320. doi: 10.1007/s00259-010-1529-7 PMID: 20607535Turkbey B, Shah VP, Pang Y, Bernardo M, Xu S, Kruecker J, et al. Is apparent diffusion coefficient associated with clinical risk scores for prostate cancers that are visible on 3-T MR images? Radiology.2011; 258(2):488\u201395. doi: 10.1148/radiol.10100667 PMID: 21177390Cui Y, Zhang X-P, Sun Y-S, Tang L, Shen L. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient: Potential Imaging Biomarker for Prediction and Early Detection of Response to Chemotherapy in Hepatic Metastases Radiology. 2008; 248(3):894\u2013900. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2483071407 PMID: 18710982Koh D-M, Scurr E, Collins D, Kanber B, Norman A, Leach MO, et al. Predicting response of colorectal hepatic metastasis: value of pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficients. American Journal of Roentgenology.2007; 188(4):1001\u20138. doi: 10.2214/ajr.06.0601 PMID: 17377036Sun Y-S, Zhang X-P, Tang L, Ji J-F, Gu J, Cai Y, et al. Locally Advanced Rectal Carcinoma Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy: Preliminary Analysis of Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging for Early Detection of Tumor Histopathologic Downstaging Radiology. 2009; 254(1):170\u20138. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2541082230 PMID: 20019139Filli L, Wurnig M, Nanz D, Luechinger R, Kenkel D, Boss A. Whole-Body Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging: Initial Experience on Non-Gaussian Diffusion in Various Organs. Investigative Radiology. 2014; 49 (12):773\u20138. doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000082 PMID: 24979203Patterson DM, Padhani AR, Collins DJ. Technology insight: water diffusion MRI\u2014a potential new biomarker of response to cancer therapy. Nature Clinical Practice Oncology. 2008; 5(4):220\u201333. doi: 10.1038/ncponc1073 PMID: 18301415Padhani AR, Liu G, Mu-Koh D, Chenevert TL, Thoeny HC, Takahara T, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a cancer biomarker: consensus and recommendations. Neoplasia. 2009;11(2):102\u201325. PMID: 19186405Takahara T, Imai Y, Yamashita T, Yasuda S, Nasu S, Van Cauteren M. Diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS): technical improvement using free breathing, STIR and high resolution 3D display. Radiation Medicine. 2004; 22(4):275\u201382. PMID: 15468951Basser PJ, Mattiello J, LeBihan D. MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging. Biophysical Journal.1994; 66(1):259\u201367. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3495(94)80775-1 PMID: 8130344Douek P, Turner R, Pekar J, Patronas N, Le Bihan D. MR color mapping of myelin fiber orientation. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1991; 15(6):923\u20139. doi: 10.1097/00004728-199111000-00003 PMID: 1939769Mori S, Crain BJ, Chacko VP, van Zijl PC. Three-dimensional tracking of axonal projections in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging. Annals of neurology. 1999; 45(2):265\u20139. doi: 10.1002/1531-8249(199902)45:2<265::aid-ana21>3.0.co;2\u20133 PMID: 9989633Conturo TE, Lori NF, Cull TS, Akbudak E, Snyder AZ, Shimony JS, et al. Tracking neuronal fiber pathways in the living human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96(18):10422\u20137. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10422 PMID: 10468624Poupon C, Clark CA, Frouin V, Regis J, Bloch I, Le Bihan D, et al. Regularization of diffusion-based direction maps for the tracking of brain white matter fascicles. Neuroimage. 2000; 12(2):184\u201395. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0607 PMID:10913324Assaf Y, Alexander DC, Jones DK, Bizzi A, Behrens TE, Clark CA, et al. The CONNECT project: combining macro-and micro-structure. Neuroimage. 2013; 80:273\u201382. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.055 PMID: 23727318McNab JA, Edlow BL, Witzel T, Huang SY, Bhat H, Heberlein K, et al. The Human Connectome Project and beyond: Initial applications of 300mT/m gradients. Neuroimage. 2013; 80:234\u201345. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.074 PMID: 23711537Shizukuishi T, Abe O, Aoki S. Diffusion tensor imaging analysis for psychiatric disorders. Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences. 2013; 12(3):153\u20139. doi: 10.2463/mrms.2012-0082 PMID: 23857149Ogawa S, Lee T-M, Kay AR, Tank DW. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1990; 87(24):9868\u201372. 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9868Le Bihan D, Urayama S-i, Aso T, Hanakawa T, Fukuyama H. Direct and fast detection of neuronal activation in the human brain with diffusion MRI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006;103(21):8263\u20138. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600644103Aso T, Urayama S-i, Poupon C, Sawamoto N, Fukuyama H, Le Bihan D. An intrinsic diffusion response function for analyzing diffusion functional MRI time series. Neuroimage. 2009; 47(4):1487\u201395. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.027 PMID: 19450693Tsurugizawa T, Ciobanu L, Le Bihan D. Water diffusion in brain cortex closely tracks underlying neuronal activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2013; 110(28):11636\u201341. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1303178110Crick F. Do dendritic spines twitch? Trends in Neurosciences. 1982; 5:44\u20136. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(82)90020-0Ramon Y, Cajal S. Textura del Sistema Nervioso del Hombre y de los Vertebrados: Madrid, Nicolas Moya; 1899\u20131904.Legon W, Sato TF, Opitz A, Mueller J, Barbour A, Williams A, et al. Transcranial focused ultrasound modulates the activity of primary somatosensory cortex in humans. Nature Neuroscience. 2014; 17(2):322\u20139. doi: 10.1038/nn.3620 PMID: 24413698Pauling L. A Molecular Theory of General Anesthesia is attributed to the formation in the brain of minute hydrate crystals of the clathrate type. Science. 1961; 134(3471):15\u201321. doi: 10.1126/science.134.3471.15Jelescu IO, Nargeot R, Le Bihan D, Ciobanu L. Highlighting manganese dynamics in the nervous system of Aplysia californica using MEMRI at ultra-high field. Neuroimage. 2013; 76:264\u201371. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.022 PMID: 23523801Zilles K, Amunts K. Centenary of Brodmann's map\u2014conception and fate. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2010;11(2):139\u201345. doi: 10.1038/nrn2776. PMID:20046193"}
{"text": "The author middle initials were omitted from the published byline. The complete names are: Brandi M Dupervil, Scott D Grosse, Arthur L Burnett, Christopher S Parker.10.1371/journal.pone.0153257The correct citation is: Dupervil BM, Grosse SD, Burnett AL, Parker CS (2016) Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Admissions Associated with Priapism among Males with Sickle Cell Disease in the United States, 2006\u20132010. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0153257. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Robert van de Weerd. The correct citation is: Ates LS, Ummels R, Commandeur S, van de Weerd R, Sparrius M, Weerdenburg E, et al. (2015) Essential Role of the ESX-5 Secretion System in Outer Membrane Permeability of Pathogenic Mycobacteria. PLoS Genet 11(5): e1005190. doi:"}
{"text": "Marine Drugs began a \u201cBest Paper Award\u201d in 2013 [Marine Drugs Best Paper Award\u201d for 2015. Nominations were selected by the Editor-in-Chief and Associate Editors of Marine Drugs from all papers published in 2011; reviews and articles being evaluated separately. The following five papers have won a \u201cBest Paper Award\u201d:Article Award:First Prize\u00a0Gu-Ping Hu, Jie Yuan, Li Sun, Zhi-Gang She, Jue-Heng Wu, Xiu-Jian Lan, Xun Zhu, Yong-Cheng Lin * and Sheng-Ping Chen *Statistical Research on Marine Natural Products Based on Data Obtained between 1985 and 2008Mar. Drugs2011, 9(4), 514-525; doi:10.3390/md9040514http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/4/514Available online: Second Prize\u00a0Yi Wang, Jinkai Zheng, Peipei Liu, Wei Wang and Weiming Zhu *Aspergillus terreus PT06-2 Grown in a High Salt MediumThree New Compounds from Mar. Drugs2011, 9(8), 1368-1378; doi:10.3390/md9081368http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/8/1368Available online: Third Prize\u00a0Maria Mansson *, Anita Nielsen, Louise Kj\u00e6rulff, Charlotte H. Gotfredsen, Matthias Wietz, Hanne Ingmer, Lone Gram and Thomas O. LarsenStaphylococcus aureus by Novel Depsipeptides from a Marine PhotobacteriumInhibition of Virulence Gene Expression in Mar. Drugs2011, 9(12), 2537-2552; doi:10.3390/md9122537http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/12/2537Available online: Review Award:First Prize\u00a0Guangling Jiao, Guangli Yu *, Junzeng Zhang and H. Stephen Ewart *Chemical Structures and Bioactivities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine AlgaeMar. Drugs2011, 9(2), 196-223; doi:10.3390/md9020196http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/2/196Available online: Second Prize\u00a0Sin\u00e9ad Lordan, R. Paul Ross and Catherine Stanton *Marine Bioactives as Functional Food Ingredients: Potential to Reduce the Incidence of Chronic DiseasesMar. Drugs2011, 9(6), 1056-1100; doi:10.3390/md9061056http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/9/6/1056Available online: Marine Drugs, as well as global marine drug discovery research, and, thus, together with the Editorial Board of Marine Drugs, we would like to congratulate the authors of these five articles for the significance of their scientific contributions. In recognition of their accomplishments, Dr. Sheng-Ping Chen, Dr. Weiming Zhu, and Dr. Maria Mansson will receive a prize of 600 CHF, 400 CHF, and 200 CHF, respectively, as well as the privilege to publish an additional paper free of charge in open access format in Marine Drugs, after the standard peer-review procedure. Dr. H. Stephen Ewart and Dr. Catherine Stanton will also be awarded the privilege of publishing an additional research paper, free of charge, in open access format in Marine Drugs, after the standard peer-review procedure has been completed.The Prize Awarding Committee has concluded that the five papers selected have become valuable contributions to Prize Awarding Committee\u00a0Editor-in-Chief\u00a0Prof. Dr. Alejandro M. S. MayerDepartment of Pharmacology, CCOM, Midwestern University, 555 31st. Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USAamayer@midwestern.eduE-Mail: Associate Editor\u00a0Prof. Dr. Jordan K. ZjawionyDepartment of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USAjordan@olemiss.eduE-Mail: Associate Editor\u00a0Prof. Dr. Orazio Taglialatela-ScafatiDipartimento di Farmacia, Universita' di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italyorazio.taglialatelascafati@unina.itE-Mail: Associate Editor\u00a0Dr. Keith B. GlaserAbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USAkeith.glaser@abbvie.comE-Mail: Associate Editor\u00a0Dr. Peer B. JacobsonAbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 6004-6099, USA peer.b.jacobson@abbvie.comE-Mail:"}
{"text": "From 2007 to 2012, the birth rate for females aged 15\u201319 years in the United States overall declined by 29%, from 41.5 to 29.4 births per 1,000 females in that age group. Among racial/ethnic populations, declines ranged from 25% for non-Hispanic white females to 39% for Hispanics. Rates decreased 29% for non-Hispanic black females and American Indian/Alaska Natives and 34% for Asian/Pacific Islanders.Source: Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman JK, et al. Births: final data for 2012. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2013; 62(9). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr62/nvsr62_09.pdf.Reported by: Brady E. Hamilton, PhD, bhamilton@cdc.gov, 301-458-4653."}
{"text": "The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Noureddine Idris-Khodja. The correct citation is: Rashid SK, Idris-Khodja N, Auger C, Alhosin M, Boehm N, et al. (2014) Probiotics (VSL#3) Prevent Endothelial Dysfunction in Rats with Portal Hypertension: Role of the Angiotensin System. PLoS ONE 9(5): e97458. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097458"}
{"text": "The first author\u2019s surname is: Zito Marino. The correct citation is: Zito Marino F, Liguori G, Aquino G, La Mantia E, Bosari S, Ferrero S, et al. (2015) Intratumor Heterogeneity of ALK-Rearrangements and Homogeneity of EGFR-Mutations in Mixed Lung Adenocarcinoma. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0139264. doi:"}
{"text": "Several figures in the article included the wrong blots. The authors apologize for these errors and are providing corrected figures as well as the underlying raw blots.The p-JNK blots in 10.2337/db09-1907.Diabetes. 2011 Mar;60(3):784\u201396. doi: Physical exercise reduces circulating lipopolysaccharide and TLR4 activation and improves insulin signaling in tissues of DIO rats.Oliveira AG, Carvalho BM, Tobar N, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, Bagarolli RA, Guadagnini D, Carvalheir JB, Saad MJ.In Fig. In Fig. S1 File(DOCX)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Sutherland KA, Parry CM, McCormick A, Kapaata A, Lyagoba F, Kaleebu P, et al. (2015) Evidence for Reduced HIV-1 Drug Susceptibility without Emergence of Major Protease Mutations following Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy Failure in the SARA Trial. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0137834. doi:"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Vijayalakshmi Ranjithkumar. The correct citation is: Anthony J, Kelkar A, Wilankar C, Ranjithkumar V, Bhumra SK, et al. (2013) Discovery of P1736, a Novel Antidiabetic Compound That Improves Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Mice Models. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77946. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077946"}
{"text": "The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Mingxi Cheng. The correct citation is: You Z, Cheng M, Yang S, Zhou Z, Qin P (2014) Childhood Adversity, Recent Life Stressors and Suicidal Behavior in Chinese College Students. PLoS ONE 9(3): e86672. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086672"}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Chanthel Kokoy-Mondragon. The correct citation is: RamachandraRao SP, Matthias MA, Kokoy-Mondragon C, Aghania E, Park C, et al. (2015) Proteomic Analysis of Urine Exosomes Reveals Renal Tubule Response to Leptospiral Colonization in Experimentally Infected Rats. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(3): e0003640. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Maya M. Jeyaraman. The correct citation is: Thomas S-M, Jeyaraman MM, Hodge WG, Hutnik C, Costella J, Malvankar-Mehta MS. (2014) The Effectiveness of Teleglaucoma versus In-Patient Examination for Glaucoma Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 9(12): e113779. doi:"}
{"text": "Ferroproteins arose early in Earth\u2019s history, prior to the emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis and the subsequent reduction of bioavailable iron. Today, iron availability limits primary productivity in about 30% of the world\u2019s oceans. Diatoms, responsible for nearly half of oceanic primary production, have evolved molecular strategies for coping with variable iron concentrations. Our understanding of the evolutionary breadth of these strategies has been restricted by the limited number of species for which molecular sequence data is available. To uncover the diversity of strategies marine diatoms employ to meet cellular iron demands, we analyzed 367 newly released marine microbial eukaryotic transcriptomes, which include 47 diatom species. We focused on genes encoding proteins previously identified as having a role in iron management: iron uptake  permease); iron storage (ferritin); iron-induced protein substitutions  and defense against reactive oxygen species (superoxide dismutases). Homologs encoding the high-affinity iron uptake system components were detected across the four diatom Classes suggesting an ancient origin for this pathway. Ferritin transcripts were also detected in all Classes, revealing a more widespread utilization of ferritin throughout diatoms than previously recognized. Flavodoxin and plastocyanin transcripts indicate possible alternative redox metal strategies. Predicted localization signals for ferredoxin identify multiple examples of gene transfer from the plastid to the nuclear genome. Transcripts encoding four superoxide dismutase metalloforms were detected, including a putative nickel-coordinating isozyme. Taken together, our results suggest that the majority of iron metabolism genes in diatoms appear to be vertically inherited with functional diversity achieved via possible neofunctionalization of paralogs. This refined view of iron use strategies in diatoms elucidates the history of these adaptations, and provides potential molecular markers for determining the iron nutritional status of different diatom species in environmental samples. Earth\u2019s early oceans were rich in dissolved ferrous iron, which fostered the evolution of catalytic proteins that relied upon the redox potential of iron . The onsApproximately 20% of global photosynthesis is carried out by marine diatoms . As membThe high-affinity reductive uptake system for iron was initially described in yeast \u201314 and cFTN in a subset of diatoms led to the hypothesis that acquisition of this gene may have facilitated expansion of diatoms into the low-iron environment of the open ocean  motifs as defined for  (ScFTR) . These rnscripts . Transcr species . Diatom symbiont .P. multiseries FTN by Marchetti et al.  an an39] anparalogs . Transcrbranches .Spinacia oleracea) has been attributed to Cu ligands His46, His48, His63, His120 and Zn ligands His63, His71, His80, and Asp83  and the NADPH-adenine binding motif (C-G-P) that were observed in the four FRE sequences from T. pseudonana and P. tricornutum ; TpFRE1, Thalassiosira pseudonana, [JGI:11375]; PtFRE2, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, [JGI:54486]; ScFRE2, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, [GenBank:6322629]; ScFRE1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, [GenBank:6323243]; TpFRE2, Thalassiosira pseudonana, [JGI:261641].Midpoint-rooted approximately-maximum-likelihood tree of putative and known FRE amino acid sequences. Node support values are calculated from 1,000 resamples, only values over 0.5 are shown. One representative is shown from groups sharing greater than 95% similarity in unaligned sequence identity. Branches colored by organismal phylogeny: diatoms, orange; chlorophytes, green; rhodophytes, red; haptophytes and cryptophytes, purple; non-diatom stramenopiles, magenta; alveolates, blue; opisthokonts and amoebozoa, brown; excavates, pale blue; rhizaria, grey. Legend, species, and PID, from top to bottom: PtFRE1, (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S3 FigSaccharomyces cerevisiae  marked with red arrows. Deviations from S. cerevisiae residues are boxed. Highlighted top rows, fungal MCOs with ferroxidase activity. Roman numerals above columns represent regions in S. cerevisiae Fet3p: I, T78 to L85; II, G121 to H128; III, H413 to H420; IV, G478 to H489.Residues responsible for metal coordination in (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S4 FigThalassiosira pseudonana FET3, [JGI:5574]; ScFET3, Saccharomyces cerevisiae FET3p, [GenBank:CAA89768.1]; BaAFET3, Blastobotrys adeninivorans, [GenBank:CAB90817.1]; CnCNLAC1, Cryptococcus neoformans CNLAC1, [GenBank:EAL19727.1]; PcMCO-4, Phanerochaete chrysosporium MCO-4, [GenBank:AAS21672.1].Midpoint-rooted approximately-maximum-likelihood tree of putative and known MCO amino acid sequences. Node support values are calculated from 1,000 resamples, only values over 0.5 are shown. Green highlighted box indicates homologs with proposed ferroxidase activity. One representative is shown from groups sharing greater than 95% similarity in unaligned sequence identity. Branches colored by organismal phylogeny: diatoms, orange; chlorophytes, green; haptophytes and cryptophytes, purple; non-diatom stramenopiles, magenta; alveolates, blue; opisthokonts and amoebozoa, brown; excavates, pale blue; rhizaria, grey. Confidence values shown for deep branches, other omitted for clarity. Accession IDs: (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S5 FigIron permeation motifs (IPM) I and II correspond to necessary functional motifs in yeast Ftr1p  One representative is shown from groups sharing greater than 95% similarity in unaligned sequence identity.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S6 FigThalassiosira pseudonana, [JGI:268009]; TpFTR2, [JGI:10180]; ScFTR1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, [GenBank:6320993].Midpoint-rooted approximately-maximum-likelihood tree of putative and known FTR amino acid sequences. Node support values are calculated from 1,000 resamples, only values over 0.5 are shown. One representative is shown from groups sharing greater than 95% similarity in unaligned sequence identity. Branches colored by organismal phylogeny: diatoms, orange; chlorophytes, green; haptophytes and cryptophytes, purple; non-diatom stramenopiles, magenta; alveolates, blue; opisthokonts and amoebozoa, brown; rhodophytes, red; rhizaria, grey. Legend, species, and accession numbers: TpFTR1, (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S7 FigPseudo-nitzschia multiseries. Red arrowhead marks the ambiguous positions at Glu130 and Glu131 of PmFTN, where either residue may function in ferroxidase activity. Blue arrows show conserved sites for iron release in Rana catesbeiana.Red arrows show ferroxidase residue sites in (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S8 FigpetF. Branches colored by organismal phylogeny: diatoms, orange; chlorophytes, green; rhodophytes, red; haptophytes and cryptophytes, purple; non-diatom stramenopiles, magenta; alveolates, blue; excavates, pale blue; rhizaria, grey. Top to bottom, accession numbers: Cyanidioschyzon merolae, [PDB:3AB5]; Pyropia yezoensis, [GenBank:YP_537001]; Thalassiosira pseudonana, [GenBank:YP_874492]; Odontella sinensis, [Swiss-Prot:P49522]; Durinskia baltica, [GenBank:YP_003734995]; Thalassiosira weissflogii, [Swiss-Prot:O98450]; Spinacia oleracea, [Swiss-Prot:P00224]; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, [Swiss-Prot:P07839]; Dunaliella salina, [Swiss-Prot:P00239]; Pisum sativum, [Swiss-Prot:P09911]. Black dots indicate diatom sequences with known  and putative transit peptides . Top to bottom: Thalassiosira sp, MMETSP1071, [CAMERA:0181112606]; Thalassiosira miniscula, MMETSP0737, [CAMERA:0183726686]; Skeletonema menzelii, MMETSP0603, [CAMERA:0183647566]; Thalassionema frauenfeldii, MMETSP0786, [CAMERA:0178916612]; Grammatophora oceanica, MMETSP0009 [CAMPEP:0194032050]; Thalassiosira oceanica, [GenBank:EJK54785]; Skeletonema costatum, MMETSP0013, [CAMERA:0113387486]; Skeletonema marinoi, MMETSP0320, [CAMERA:0115946752]; Minutocellus polymorphus, MMETSP1070, [CAMERA:0181038080]; Odontella aurita, MMETSP0015, [CAMERA:0113537566]; Thalassiosira miniscula, MMETSP0737, [CAMERA:0183720344]; Thalassionema frauenfeldii, MMETSP0786, [CAMERA:0178915392].Node support values are calculated from 1,000 resamples, only values over 0.5 are shown. Gray dots indicate positions of a selection of known, chloroplast-encoded (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S9 FigThalassiosira pseudonana [JGI:19141]; TwFLAV-II, Thalassiosira weissflogii MMETSP0879 [CAMERA:0171358606]. Accession numbers for species with two or more copies of clade II FLAV: PiFLAV-IIa, Proboscia inermis MMETSP0816 [CAMERA:0171295654]; PiFLAV-IIb, Proboscia inermis MMETSP0816 [CAMERA:0171313668]; PifLAV-IIc, Proboscia inermis MMETSP0816 [CAMERA:0171319130], Proboscia inermis MMETSP0816 [CAMERA:0171292874] and Proboscia inermis MMETSP0816 [CAMERA:0171292998]; SrFLAV-IIa, Synedropsis recta MMETSP1176 [CAMERA:0119013084]; SrFLAV-IIb, Synedropsis recta MMETSP1176 [CAMERA:0119018232]; FkFLAV-IIa, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis MMETSP0735 [CAMERA:0170933076], Fragilariopsis kerguelensis MMETSP0733 [CAMERA:0170785742], and Fragilariopsis kerguelensis MMETSP0735 [CAMERA:0170936014]; FkFLAV-IIb, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis MMETSP0736 [CAMERA:0171020946], Fragilariopsis kerguelensis MMETSP0735 [CAMERA:0170914250], Fragilariopsis kerguelensis MMETSP0736 [CAMERA:0170997016], and Fragilariopsis kerguelensis MMETSP0735 [CAMERA:0170928162].Midpoint-rooted approximately-maximum-likelihood tree of putative and known flavodoxin amino acid sequences. Node support values are calculated from 1,000 resamples, only values over 0.5 are shown. Branch labels hidden for clarity. Branches colored by organismal phylogeny: diatoms, orange; chlorophytes, green; rhodophytes, red; haptophytes and cryptophytes, lavender; non-diatom stramenopiles, magenta; alveolates, blue; excavates, pale blue; rhizaria, gray. Accession numbers for reference sequences: TpFLAV-I, (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S10 FigP. nigra indicated with red arrows. Alignment starts from G51 of P. nigra plastocyanin a. Starting from top, ID and accession numbers: Populus nigra, [GenBank:CAA90564.1]; Populus nigra, [GenBank:1402239A]; Thalassiosira oceanica, [Swiss-Prot:D2Z0I2]; Fragilariopsis cylindrus [JGI:272258]; Pseudo-nitzschia granii deg7180000014200 frame0; Corethron hystrix, MMETSP0010, [CAMERA:0113306274]; Coscinodiscus wailesii, MMETSP1066, [CAMERA:0172483904]; Ditylum brightwellii, MMETSP1063, [CAMERA:0180970060]; Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, MMETSP0733, [CAMERA:0170771410]; Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, MMETSP0733, [CAMERA:0170793268]; Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, MMETSP0734, [CAMERA:0170902168]; Proboscia inermis, MMETSP0816, [CAMERA:0171306160]; Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis, MMETSP0329, [CAMERA:0116141514]; Pseudo-nitzschia heimii, MMETSP1423, [CAMPEP:0197183406]; Rhizosolenia setigera, MMETSP0789, [CAMERA:0178972290]; Striatella unipunctata, MMETSP0800, [CAMERA:0118690216]; Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, MMETSP0734, [CAMERA:0170889260]; Pseudo-nitzschia heimii, MMETSP1423, [CAMPEP:0197180752]; Pseudo-nitzschia heimii, MMETSP1423, [CAMPEP:0197182106].Cu-coordinating residues from (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S11 FigAsterionellopsis glacialis, MMETSP1394, [CAMPEP:0197135456]; Odontella sinensis, MMETSP0160, [CAMERA:0183305568]; Extubocellulus spinifer, MMETSP0696, [CAMERA:0178491238]; Ditylum brightwellii, MMETSP1062, [CAMERA:0180922322]; Chaetoceros cf, MMETSP1336, [CAMERA:0119456406]; Skeletonema costatum, MMETSP0013, [CAMERA:0113409648]; Thalassiosira oceanica, [GenBank:EJK73388]; Thalassiosira pseudonana, [JGI:263062]; Thalassiosira punctigera, MMETSP1067, [CAMERA:0172528302]; Detonula confervacea, MMETSP1058, [CAMERA:0172326082]; Stephanopyxis turris, MMETSP0794, [CAMPEP:0195508046]. Putative MnSODs accession numbers: Amphora coffeaeformis, MMETSP0316, [CAMERA:0170658046]; Phaeodactylum tricornutum, [JGI:42832]; Nitzschia sp, MMETSP0014, [CAMERA:0113451442]; Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, MMETSP0735, [CAMERA:0170940508]; Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis, MMETSP0329, [CAMERA:0116142848]; Asterionellopsis glacialis, MMETSP1394, [CAMPEP:0197142074]; Thalassionema frauenfeldii, MMETSP0786, [CAMERA:0178920282]; Nanofrustulum sp, MMETSP1361, [CAMPEP:0202481740]; Odontella aurita, MMETSP0015, [CAMERA:0113546944]; Minutocellus polymorphus, MMETSP1070, [CAMERA:0181044600]; Ditylum brightwellii, MMETSP1062, [CAMERA:0180939824]; Skeletonema costatum, MMETSP0013, [CAMERA:0113403410]; Cyclotella meneghiniana, MMETSP1057, [CAMERA:0172267766]; Detonula confervacea, MMETSP1058, [CAMERA:0172309720]; Chaetoceros sp, MMETSP0200, [CAMERA:0176485652]; Stephanopyxis turris, MMETSP0794, [CAMPEP:0195522388]; Rhizosolenia setigera, MMETSP0789, [CAMERA:0178949314]; Leptocylindrus CCMP1586, MMETSP1362, [CAMPEP:0196811398].Metal binding residues differentiating Fe and Mn SOD activity marked with red boxes. Putative FeSOD accession numbers: (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S12 FigS. oleracea. Reference sequences (top), diatom sequences that maintain all binding residues (middle) and other diatom homologs (bottom), separated by horizontal black lines. Key Cu and Zn binding residues marked with red arrows. MMETSP and accession IDs: Spinacia oleracea, [PDB:1SRD]; Saccharomyces cerevisiae, [PDB:1SDY]; Rhizosolenia setigera, MMETSP0789, [CAMERA:0178950748]; Stephanopyxis turris, MMETSP0794, [CAMPEP:0195542640]; Stephanopyxis turris, MMETSP0794, [CAMPEP:0195519432]; Nitzschia punctata, MMETSP0747, [CAMERA:0178859982]; Nanofrustulum sp, MMETSP1361, [CAMPEP:0202480120]; Rhizosolenia setigera, MMETSP0789, [CAMERA:0178941642]; Stephanopyxis turris, MMETSP0794, [CAMPEP:0195524364]; Thalassiosira weissflogii, MMETSP0879, [CAMERA:0171359706]; Thalassionema frauenfeldii, MMETSP0786, [CAMERA:0178894792]; Grammatophora oceanica, MMETSP0009, [CAMPEP:0194033848]; Synedropsis recta, MMETSP1176, [CAMERA:0119013068]; Amphiprora sp, MMETSP0724, [CAMERA:0168741714]; Amphiprora paludosa, MMETSP1065, [CAMERA:0172471802]; Amphora coffeaeformis, MMETSP0316, [CAMERA:0170661724]; Phaeodactylum tricornutum, [JGI:15852]; Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries, [JGI:220645]; Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, MMETSP0735, [CAMERA:0170910884]; Fragilariopsis cylindrus [JGI:269494]; Nitzschia punctata, MMETSP0747, [CAMERA:0178882228]; Nitzschia sp, MMETSP0014, [CAMERA:0113522044]; Cylindrotheca closterium, MMETSP0017, [CAMERA:0113603408]; Stauroneis constricta, MMETSP1352, [CAMERA:0119562388]; Nanofrustulum sp, MMETSP1361, [CAMPEP:0202482534]; Striatella unipunctata, MMETSP0800, [CAMERA:0118702026]; Extubocellulus spinifer, MMETSP0698, [CAMERA:0178620380]; Minutocellus polymorphus, MMETSP1070, [CAMERA:0181043470]; Proboscia inermis, MMETSP0816, [CAMERA:0171322060]; Aulacoseira subarctica, MMETSP1064, [CAMERA:0172423284]; Rhizosolenia setigera, MMETSP0789, [CAMERA:0178948996]; Odontella sinensis, MMETSP0160, [CAMERA:0183307194]; Odontella aurita, MMETSP0015, [CAMERA:0113536162]; Ditylum brightwellii, MMETSP1063, [CAMERA:0180987508]; Coscinodiscus wailesii, MMETSP1066, [CAMERA:0172489328]; Stephanopyxis turris, MMETSP0794, [CAMPEP:0195518104].N-terminus sequence trimmed to aligned region at position 14 of (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S13 FigMidpoint-rooted approximately-maximum-likelihood tree of putative NiSOD amino acid sequences. Node support values are calculated from 1,000 resamples, only values over 0.5 are shown. One representative is shown from groups sharing greater than 95% similarity in aligned sequence identity. Sequences with an UBQ-coding region on the N-terminus are indicated by red squares. UBQ and other residues preceding the Ni-hook were trimmed from NiSOD-coding region prior to phylogenetic analyses to reflect relationship of NiSOD only. Branches colored by organismal phylogeny: diatoms, orange; chlorophytes, green; haptophytes and cryptophytes, lavender; non-diatom stramenopiles, magenta; alveolates, blue; unikonts, brown; excavates, pale blue; rhizaria, gray.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S1 TableFor each gene investigated, this table lists the organism, source repository, accession #, experimental support if any, and PDB structure accession number if available.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Errors were introduced during the production process for this manuscript. The Model columns in Tables 1 and 2 are incorrect. The correct versions of the Tables can be viewed here:Table 1: Table 2: There are errors in References 3, 6, 7, and 8. The correct references are:3. Nakayama M, Suzuki K, Toda M, Okubo S, Hara Y, et al. (1993) Inhibition of the infectivity of influenza virus by tea polyphenols. Antiviral Research 21: 289-299.6. Hertog M, Feskens E, Hollman P, Katan M, Kromhout D (1992) Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the zutphen elderly study. Lancet 339: 1523-1526.7. Riemersma R, Rice-Evans C, Tyrrell R, Cliord M, Lean M (2001) Tea flavonoids and cardiovasular health. Q J Med 94: 277.8. Hodgson M (2008) Tea flavonoids and cardiovascular disease. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 17: 288{290."}
{"text": "Erratum: Glycolysis, tumor metabolism, cancer growth and dissemination. A new pH-based etiopathogenic perspective and therapeutic approach to an old cancer questionKhalid O. Alfarouk, Daniel Verduzco, Cyril Rauch, Abdel Khalig Muddathir, Adil H. H. Bashir, Gamal O. Elhassan, Muntaser E. Ibrahim, Julian David Polo Orozco, Rosa Angela Cardone, Stephan J. Reshkin, and Salvador Harguindey777\u2013802.Oncoscience. 2014; 1(12): PMCID: PMC4303887 PMID: 25621294In Figure 5 the depicted molecules do not correspond to the legend.The corrected Figure is provided here."}
{"text": "The term Cushing's syndrome (SC) describes a condition resulting from prolonged exposure to excessive glucocorticoids. The routine use of abdominal image procedures has significantly increased the incidental finding of adrenal masses. A documentation of the presence of endogenous hypercortisolism is made with salivary, urinary or serum cortisol measurements, using samples collected with appropriate timing and/or after the use of low doses (1mg) of dexamethasone.2, WC: 116cm, Blood pressure: 200x120mmHg, HR: 104bpm. Proximal muscle weakness, abdominal striae, moon face, hump back, blurred vision, neurological, musculoskeletal, skin and hearing alterations. Results: A1c: 8%( N<5.7), TSH: 0,7mUI/L , ACTH: 18,8pg/mL , basal cortisol: 24,5mcgmL (N: 7-28), Aldosterone: 7ng/dl(4-31), androstenidione: 1,5ng/dl , catecolamins: 319mcg/24hs (N: 190-450), urinary cortisol: 1089mcg/24hs(N: 10-90), DHEA: <15mmol/L , estradiol: 19,6ng/dl (N: <3), renine: 4,9ng/mL/h , testosterone total: <12pgmL , FSH: 11mUImL (menopause N: >30), LH: 12,1mUImL (N: >15), prolactin: 10,3mcg/L (N: 2-15), supression test after 1mg of dexamethasone->cortisol: 22,48mcg/dl . We started Metformin 1700mg/day, Cetoconazol 800mg/dia and Insulin NPH 40UI/day. Referred to surgery.E.A.R, 45 yrs. old, female, referred to our Service in 2013, due to the presence of a tumor in right adrenal discovered in abdominal TC. This exam was realized as a routine AFTER bariatric surgery (BS) in 2004. She told us that she lost 40 Kg after surgery. However, in 6 months her weight gained 20Kg with no clear reason. Increased blood pressure and hyperglycemia appeared. She related pain in limbs, alopecy and amenorrheia, a year ago. In use of: Losartan 100mg/day, Spironolactone 200mg/day, Carvedilol 25mg/day, Aspirin 100mg/day, Simvastatin 20mg/day, Omeprazol 20mg/day, Furosemide 40mg/day. Physical exam: Weight: 89Kg, heigh: 1,58m, BMI: 35,6Kg/mSince undiagnosed CS might result in severe perioperative complications in patients already at increased risk, this case report underlines the importance of a careful endocrine evaluation of morbidly obese patients. Obese subjects scheduled for BS may reveal undiagnosed dysfunctions that require specific therapy and/or contraindicate the surgical treatment. Such Results may help to define the extent of the endocrinological screening to be performed in obese patients undergoing BS."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Xenia Crespo-Yanez. The correct citation is: Almuedo-Castillo M, Crespo-Yanez X, Seebeck F, Bartscherer K, Sal\u00f2 E, et al. (2014) JNK Controls the Onset of Mitosis in Planarian Stem Cells and Triggers Apoptotic Cell Death Required for Regeneration and Remodeling. PLoS Genet 10(6): e1004400. doi:"}
{"text": "There is an error in reference 3. The correct reference is: WHO, UNICEF, World Bank (2012) Level & Trends in Child Malnutrition. UNICEF-WHO-The World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends.There is an error in reference 40. The correct reference is: Poterico JA, Stanojevic S, Ruiz-Grosso P, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Miranda JJ (2012) The association between socioeconomic status and obesity in Peruvian women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 20: 2283-2289."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Falk F.R. Buettner. The correct citation is: Damerow S, Hoppe C, Bandini G, Zarnovican P, Buettner FFR, L\u00fcder CGK, et al. (2015) Depletion of UDP-Glucose and UDP-Galactose Using a Degron System Leads to Growth Cessation of Leishmania major. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(11): e0004205. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Petar Penchev. The correct citation is: Nasirudin RA, Mei K, Penchev P, Fehringer A, Pfeiffer F, Rummeny EJ, et al. (2015) Reduction of Metal Artifact in Single Photon-Counting Computed Tomography by Spectral-Driven Iterative Reconstruction Technique. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0124831. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Xiuqing Li. The correct citation is: Liang M, Adisetiyo H, Li X, Liu R, Gill P, Roy-Burman P, et al. (2015) Identification of Androgen Receptor Splice Variants in the Pten Deficient Murine Prostate Cancer Model. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0131232. doi:"}
{"text": "The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Nad\u00e9ra Mansouri-Attia. The correct citation is: Oliveira LJ, Mansouri-Attia N, Fahey AG, Browne J, Forde N, et al. (2013) Characterization of the Th Profile of the Bovine Endometrium during the Oestrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy. PLoS ONE 8(10): e75571. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075571"}
{"text": "The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Peter I. Miller. The correct citation is Navas JM, Miller PI, Henry L-A, Hennige SJ, Roberts JM (2014) Ecohydrodynamics of Cold-Water Coral Reefs: A Case Study of the Mingulay Reef Complex (Western Scotland). PLoS ONE 9(5): e98218. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098218"}
{"text": "In preparing this article for publication, the CD206-Saline panel in 10.1111/jnc.12817Han Z, Li L, Wang L, Degos V, Maze M, Hua S (2014) Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist treatment reduces neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and brain injury in mice with ischemic stroke and bone fracture. Journal of Neurochemistry 131: 498\u2013508. doi: https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/Han). The authors confirm that this error does not alter their results.The authors have provided corrected versions of Figs"}
{"text": "There is an error in reference 29. The correct reference is: Mo W, Zhang J, Li X, Meng D, Gao Y, Yang S, et al. (2013) Identification of Novel AR-Targeted MicroRNAs Mediating Androgen Signalling through Critical Pathways to Regulate Cell Viability in Prostate Cancer. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56592."}
{"text": "AbstractLarentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) comprises over 45 genera with about 270 species described so far. However, life histories of the Australian larentiine moths have barely been studied.In Australia, the subfamily The current paper presents a list of larval food plants of 51 Australian larentiine species based on literature references, data from specimen labels and own observations. Some Australian habitats are shown. Possible relationships among the taxa based on food preference of the larvae are discussed. Additionally, a list of Australasian larentiine species from the genera occurring in Australia and their food plants is presented. Larentiinae  have received little attention in the past and our knowledge of host plant affiliations of the Australian species is remaining scarce. Larentiinae. Larentiinae. Some data on the larvae and food plants of the species Anachloris Meyrick, Chaetolopha Warren, Scotocyma Turner and Visiana Swinhoe are given in the reviews of these genera  , \"Chloroclystis\"approximata  , \"Chloroclystis\"insigillata  , Epicymerubropunctaria (Doubleday) , Epyaxasodaliata  , Gymnoscelislophopus Turner , Phrissogonuslaticostata  , Scotocymaalbinotata  , Visianabrujata (Guen\u00e9e) , V.incertata  . Additionally, data were taken from labels of specimens deposited in the Australian Na\u00adtional Insect Collection, CSIRO, Ecosystem Sciences, Canberra (ANIC).The present report is based on literature references and personal observations. The following material has been used: Larentiinae and their larval food plants is available under \u201cSupplementary Materials\u201d EpicymerubropunctariaAsthenini Tribe Geranium sp. (Geraniaceae)Geranium sp. .Fig. E.rubropunctaria is presented on Fig. Habitat of Haloragisalata Haloragisglauca S. Williams, pers. comm., in: Haloragisheterophylla Leptospermummyrtifolium (Myrtaceae)P.schistaria  feed on Leptospermum sp. (Myrtaceae) (rtaceae) .Turner, 1941Leptospermummyrtifolium (Myrtaceae)Turner, 1941Leptospermummyrsinoides (Myrtaceae)Macropiperexcelsum (Piperaceae)Monotoca?scoparia (Epacridaceae)Monotocaglauca (Epacridaceae)C. Byrne, pers. comm., 2008.Epacris sp. (Epacridaceae)Leucopogonjuniperinus (Epacridaceae)Leptospermumscoparium (Myrtaceae)C. Byrne, pers. comm., 2008.Astrolomahumifusum (Ericaceae)Brachyloma sp. (Ericaceae)Leptospermumscoparium (Myrtaceae)ANIC label, C. Byrne, pers. comm., 2008.BosaraminimaEupitheciini Tribe Glochidionferdinandi (Euphorbiaceae)Phyllanthusferdinandi. An Indian larentiine species, Bosaraemarginaria  is known to feed on Breynia sp. (Euphorbiaceae) Malusdomestica (Rosaceae)Fig. C.approximata is presented on Fig. Habitat of Prunusavium (Rosaceae)Acaciaterminalis (Fabaceae)Acacia sp. The foodplant is known as Acaciabotrycephala.Bertyamitchellii (Euphorbiaceae)Acacia sp. (Fabaceae)Clematismicrophylla (Ranunculaceae)Solidago sp. (Asteraceae)Pultenaealargiflorensvar.latifolia (Fabaceae)Hebe sp. (Plantaginaceae)Macadamia sp. (Proteaceae)Macadamia sp.Acacia sp. (Fabaceae)Bertya sp. (Euphorbiaceae)Clematis sp. (Ranunculaceae)Solidago sp. (Asteraceae)ScrophulariaceaeArdisia sp. (Primulaceae)Collixghosha. The foodplant Ardisia sp. was in the former Myrsinaceae. A south-east Asian species C.griseipalpis Wileman, 1916 has been reared from Allophylus sp. (Sapindaceae). A subspecies C.g.phaeochiton Prout, 1932 has been reared from Ardisia sp. and Trigonostemon sp. (Euphorbiaceae)  .Embelia sp. (Primulaceae)Collixghosha. The foodplant Embelia sp. was in the former Myrsinaceae.P. Bell, pers. comm., in: Turner, 1904Scyphiphorahydrophyllaceae (Rubiaceae)Gymnoscelispseudotibialis Holloway, 1997 apparently feed on Hevea sp. (Euphorbiaceae) and Mangifera sp. (Anacardiaceae) Macadamia sp. (Proteaceae)Gymnoscelissubrufata Warren, 1898.Turner, 1904Acaciaaulacocarpa (Fabaceae)Fig. Gymnoscelislophopus is presented on Fig. Habitat of Turner, 1904Lantanacamara (Verbenaceae)Schmidt, unpubl. data. Larvae feed on the flowers of the foodplant.Turner, 1904Lantana sp. (Verbenaceae)Turner, 1904Macadamia sp. (Proteaceae)Macadamia sp.Pittosporumvenulosum (Pittosporaceae)D. Herbison-Evans, pers. comm., 2015.Turner, 1922Oleariaramulosa (Asteraceae)Guen\u00e9e, 1858Acaciabaileyana (Fabaceae)Guen\u00e9e, 1858Acaciabuxifolia (Fabaceae)Guen\u00e9e, 1858Acaciadealbata (Fabaceae)Guen\u00e9e, 1858Acaciadecurrens (Fabaceae)Guen\u00e9e, 1858Acaciamearnsii (Fabaceae)Guen\u00e9e, 1858Acacia sp. (Fabaceae)Malusdomestica (Rosaceae)P.chloerata , P.debiliata  and P.rectangulata  feed on Prunus spp. (Rosaceae), Vaccinium spp. (Ericaceae) and Malus sp., Pyrus sp., Prunus spp., Crataegus sp. and Amelanchier sp. (Rosaceae)  feed on Urticaferox (Urticaceae).osaceae) . A New ZPrunusavium (Rosaceae)P.testulata is known as Chloroclystistestulata (Guen\u00e9e).Acaciaterminalis (Fabaceae)Acacia sp. The foodplant is known as Acaciabotrycephala.Acacia sp. (Fabaceae)Acacia.Clematis sp. (Ranunculaceae)Cosmos sp. (Asteraceae)Cosmos sp. from a garden in Brisbane.Schmidt, unpubl. data. Larvae readily accepted flowers of Helianthusannuus (Asteraceae)Hypericum sp. (Hypericaceae)Malusdomestica (Rosaceae)Medicagosativa (Fabaceae)Prunusavium (Rosaceae)Prunuscerasus (Rosaceae)Rosaodorata (Rosaceae)Rosa sp.D. Herbison-Evans, pers. comm., 2015. Captured larvae readily accepted the flower petals from Aglaia sp. (Meliaceae)SauriscirrhigeraTrichopterygini Tribe Cinnamomum sp. (Lauraceae)Sauriseupitheciata  was reared from the folliage of Loranthus sp. (Loranthaceae)  and Lagerstroemia sp. (Lythraceae)  on Cinnamomum sp. (Lauraceae) Ficusprolixa (Moraceae) (thaceae) , of Sauroraceae) .Dugdale, 1980Exocarposlatifolius Exocarposlatifolia.ANIC label. One larva was beaten from Litchichinensis (Sapindaceae)Litchi sp.Toonaciliata (Meliaceae)Toona sp. The foodplant is known as Toonaaustralis.Podocarpuslawrencei (Podocarpaceae)ANIC label, Acodiasp.Xanthorhoini Tribe Coprosma sp. (Rubiaceae)Coprosma sp. (Rubiaceae)Myrsine sp. and Rapaneacrassifolia (Myrsinaceae) (inaceae) .Pelargoniumrodneyanum (Geraniaceae)Ranunculusprasinus (Ranunculaceae)Plantagolanceolata (Plantaginaceae)Plantagolanceolata (Plantaginaceae)Hibbertia sp. (Dilleniaceae)Lythrum sp. (Lythraceae)Malva sp. Mentha sp. (Lamiaceae)Polygonum sp. (Polygonaceae)Centaurium sp. (Gentianaceae)Chenopodium sp. (Chenopodiaceae)Medicago sp. (Fabaceae)Plantago sp. (Plantaginaceae)Solidago sp. (Asteraceae)Stellaria sp. (Caryophyllaceae)Anagallisarvensis (Primulaceae)Anagallisarvensis but refused to feed on Plantago. A New Zealand species E.rosearia  feeds on Nasturtiumofficinale (Brassicaceae) (icaceae) .Fig. Epyaxasodaliata is presented on Fig. Habitat of Primula sp. (Primulaceae)Primula sp. from a garden in Brisbane.Schmidt, unpubl. data. Larvae were feeding on Myosotisarvensis (Boraginaceae)D. Herbison-Evans, pers. comm., 2015.Medicagopolymorpha var. vulgaris (Fabaceae)Hydrocotylesibthorpioides Plantagolanceolata (Plantaginaceae)Epyaxa species is known to feed on Rumex sp. (Polygonaceae) and Tropaeolummajus (Tropaeolaceae) (olaceae) .Coprosmarepens (Rubiaceae)Fig. Scotocymaalbinotata is presented on Fig. Habitat of Medicagopolymorpha var. vulgaris (Fabaceae)Xanthorhoeliwagu Holloway, 1997 were feeding on Brassica sp. (Cruciferae) and Mentha sp. (Labiatae) (abiatae) .(Doubleday)Anachlorissubochraria Unplaced to tribeEpilobium?ciliatum (Onagraceae)S. Williams, unpubl. data.Schmidt, 2001Hibbertiavirgata (Dilleniaceae)(Guen\u00e9e)Hibbertiaobtusifolia (Dilleniaceae)Fig. A.uncinata is presented on Fig. Habitat of (Guen\u00e9e)Hibbertiariparia (Dilleniaceae)S. Williams, unpubl. data.Hibbertiastricta (Dilleniaceae)Pteridiumesculentum (Polypodiaceae)ANIC label, Medicagopolymorpha var. vulgaris (Fabaceae)Leptospermumscoparium (Myrtaceae)C. Byrne, pers. comm., 2008.Melaleucasquamea (Myrtaceae)C. Byrne, pers. comm., 2008.Monotocaglauca (Epacridaceae)C. Byrne, pers. comm., 2008.Astrolomahumifusum (Ericaceae)S. Williams, pers. comm., in: Leptospermumscoparium (Myrtaceae)\"Euphyia\"nr.severata. The collection details are: Cape Bruny, Tasmania, 28/10/99, C. Byrne.C. Byrne, pers. comm., 2016. The species is recorded as Oleariaramulosa (Asteraceae)Hibbertiascandens (Dilleniaceae)Hibbertiascandens.ANIC label. Larvae feed on leaves and shoots of FabaceaeCasuarinapaludosa var. robusta (Casuarinaceae)Horisme\u201d sp.? has been reared. The specimen apparently represents an undescribed species .Guen\u00e9e, 1858Ficus sp. (Moraceae)Urticaincisa (Urticaceae)ANIC label, Urticaincisa (Urticaceae)Schmidt, unpubl. data. Larvae were reared from eggs.Fig. Visianaincertata is presented on Fig. Habitat of Urticadioica (Urticaceae)Urticadioica (flowers and buds were not offered).Schmidt, unpubl. data. Final instar larvae readily accepted the leaves of Asthenini (5 species), Eupitheciini (17 species), Trichopterygini (4 species) and Xanthorhoini (10 species). Additionally, food plants of 15 species unplaced to tribe are listed. The larvae are recorded to feed on 36 plant families (Table Lantanacamara (Verbenaceae) and Acaciamearnsii (Fabaceae) are recorded as invasive species.Larval food plants of 51 Australian larentiine species from the following tribes are presented, including \"Chloroclystis\"approximata, \"C.\"insigillata, Gymnoscelislophopus, G.derogata, Pasiphilatestulata, Phrissogonuslaticostata and Saurismalaca are known as minor pests of cultivated plants.The food plants are recorded for about 20% of Australian species therefore conclusions about food preference are rather preliminary. Moreover, the larentiine larvae are often polyphagous, hence the assumptions that taxa are closely related based solely on food preference of the larvae should not be overestimated.Eupitheciini are mostly polyphagous or oligophagous, tending to feed on flowers and buds of various plants. The tribes Eupitheciini and Asthenini are often considered closely related   accepted Dracophyllum sp. (Epacridaceae), whereas A.synclinalis  was feeding on Empodismaminus (Restionaceae)  feed on Mallotus sp. (Euphorbiaceae)   are food plants of the Indo-Australian eupitheciine larvae, which would indicate an affinity of Eois with Eupitheciini. However, larvae of one asthenine species feed on Piperaceae, like Poecilasthenapulchraria  that is placed in Asthenini. Adult morphological characters indicate a close relationship of the Australasian Eois to Eupitheciini .Larvae of an Indo-Pacific species eraceae) . Eois H\u00fch tribes . GlochidSupplementary material 1Larentiinae (Geometridae) and their food plantsList of the Australian Data type: food plantsFile: oo_81963.xlsO. SchmidtSupplementary material 2Larentiinae (Geometridae) and their food plantsList of the Australasian Data type: food plantsFile: oo_72989.xlsO. Schmidt"}
{"text": "The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct author name is Ryan C. Murray. The correct citation is: Elman JS, Murray RC, Wang F, Shen K, Gao S, et al. (2014) Pharmacokinetics of Natural and Engineered Secreted Factors Delivered by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. PLoS ONE 9(2): e89882. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089882"}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct name is: Jeffrey W. Fisher. The correct citation is: Fisher JW, Wang J, George NI, Gearhart JM, McLanahan ED (2016) Dietary Iodine Sufficiency and Moderate Insufficiency in the Lactating Mother and Nursing Infant: A Computational Perspective. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0149300. doi:"}
{"text": "V. cholerae in Resource-Limited Settings. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(1): e0004307. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004307The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Etienne Guenou. The correct citation is: Debes AK, Ateudjieu J, Guenou E, Lopez AL, Bugayong MP, Retiban PJ, et al. (2016) Evaluation in Cameroon of a Novel, Simplified Methodology to Assist Molecular Microbiological Analysis of"}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for this error. The correct name is: Majid Laassri. The correct author byline is: Majid Laassri, Tatiana Zagorodnyaya, Ewan P. Plant, Svetlana Petrovskaya, Bella Bidzhieva, Zhiping Ye, Vahan Simonyan, Konstantin Chumakov. The correct citation is: Laassri M, Zagorodnyaya T, Plant EP, Petrovskaya S, Bidzhieva B, Ye Z, et al. (2015) Deep Sequencing for Evaluation of Genetic Stability of Influenza A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) Vaccine Viruses. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0138650. doi:"}
{"text": "AbstractAnthomyiidae (Diptera) found in Finland is provided.An updated checklist of the the genera and species of  Anthomyiidae is a large and taxonomically difficult group of flies that has for the same reason suffered from unstable taxonomy and nomenclature. A checklist of the anthomyiid species known from pre-war Finland was compiled by their leading regional specialist of calyptrate flies Lauri Tiensuu (1906\u22121980) and published in Anthomyiidae were then not recognized as a separate family but combined with the fanniid and true muscid flies in a comprehensive Muscidae family equivalent of the present Muscoidea less Scathophagidae. Tiensuu\u2019s list included confirmed records of 199 anthomyiid species classified in 41 genera and subgenera. No less than 34% of the species names and 58% of the genus-group names in that list are PageBreakpresently replaced by other names for taxonomic and/or nomenclatorial reasons. Most changes were introduced by The family Anthomyiidae by Anthomyiidae had resulted in numerous name changes and redefinitions of both species and genera. Hackman\u2019s list was updated according to Hennig\u2019s proposals except for the splitting of newly recognized species complexes.The next Finnish checklist of Diptera altogether, although he stayed active all his life as a skilled collector of Finnish Diptera. Apart from W. Hennig\u2019s study of some type specimens in the Helsinki Museum and a project on mushroom feeding Pegomya  provided most of the data on the Finnish anthomyiid fauna. After several updates, most recently ver. 2.4 from January 2011, the Finnish list of Anthomyiidae (http://www.faunaeur.org/). The anthomyiid checklist given below has been further expanded and now contains 289 species. Comparisons with the better known anthomyiid fauna of Sweden and the presence of some species awaiting description suggest that the anthomyiid fauna of Finland may totally comprise 315\u2212325 species.The web-based database ecklists  for all omyiidae  had growFauna Europaea the genera are listed alphabetically, as existing attempts to split the family into subfamilies and tribes are preliminary and in part poorly substantiated.All nomenclatorial and taxonomic adjustments  made since the appearance of Number of described species:c. 2000.World: Presently Europe: 508 Finland: 289 (present paper)Faunistic knowledge level in Finland: averagePageBreakMuscoidea Latreille, 1802superfamily ANTHOMYIIDAE Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830family ADIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Paregle auct. p. p.= Adiacinerella ALLIOPSIS Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911Paraprosalpia Villeneuve, 1922= Alliopsisalbipennis Alliopsisaldrichi Alliopsisatronitens Alliopsisbenanderi Alliopsisbillbergi Alliopsisbrunneigena incisa Ringdahl, 1926= Alliopsisconifrons Alliopsisdenticauda Alliopsisdentiventris Alliopsisfractiseta Alliopsisglacialis Alliopsislongipennis Alliopsismaculifrons Alliopsismoerens Alliopsissepiella Alliopsissilvestris Alliopsisteriolensis borealis Stein, 1916= ANTHOMYIA Meigen, 1803Craspedochoeta Macquart, 1851= Craspedochaeta Scudder, 1884 (emend.)= Chelisia Rondani, 1856= Anthomyiacanningsi Griffiths, 2001Anthomyiaconfusanea Michelsen in Michelsen & B\u00e1ez, 1985pullula auct. p. p.= Anthomyiaimbrida Rondani, 1866pluvialis auct. p. p.= Anthomyialiturata pullula Zetterstedt, 1845= Anthomyiamimetica angulata Tiensuu, 1938= Anthomyiamonilis PageBreakAnthomyiaplurinotata Brull\u00e9, 1832Anthomyiapluvialis Anthomyiaprocellaris Rondani, 1866pluvialis auct. p. p.= BOREOPHORBIA Michelsen, 1987Boreophorbiahirtipes BOTANOPHILA Lioy, 1864Pegohylemyia Schnabl, 1911= Botanophilaapiciseta Botanophilabetarum macra Karl, 1940= Botanophilabiciliaris Botanophilabidens Botanophilabrunneilinea Botanophilacognata Suwa, 2011subnitida Malloch, 1920?= Botanophiladiscreta striolata auct. p. p.= Botanophiladissecta Botanophilaestonica varicolor auct. p. p.= Botanophilafugax Botanophilagemmata Botanophilagnava Botanophilahucketti Botanophilaimpudica varicolor auct. p. p.= Botanophilalaterella Botanophilalatifrons humeralis Hennig, 1970= Botanophilalobata Botanophilamaculipes pseudomaculipes Strobl, 1893= Botanophilaminiatura Botanophilanigra Michelsen, 2009Botanophilapetrophila Botanophilaphrenione Botanophilaprofuga Botanophilarelativa Botanophilarubrifrons Botanophilarubrigena Botanophilasalicis Botanophilasericea PageBreakobscura auct. nec Macquart, 1835= Botanophilasilvatica Botanophilasonchi Botanophilaspinosa Botanophilastriolata Botanophilatrapezina varicolor auct. p. p.= Botanophilaunicolor Botanophilavaricolor Botanophilaverticella lineatula Karl, 1928= CALYTHEA Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911Calytheanigricans CHIASTOCHETA Pokorny, 1889Chiastochetadentifera Hennig, 1953Chiastochetainermella trollii auct. p. p.= Chiastochetamacropyga Hennig, 1953Chiastochetatrollii CHIROSIA Rondani, 1856Craspedochaeta auct. p. p.= Chirosiaalbitarsis Chirosiabetuleti Chirosiabisinuata Chirosiacinerosa Chirosiacrassiseta Stein, 1908Chirosiaflavipennis Chirosiagriseifrons Chirosiagrossicauda Strobl, 1901parvicornis auct. nec Zetterstedt, 1845= Chirosiahistricina hystrix Brischke, 1880= Chirosianigripes Bezzi, 1895albifrons Tiensuu, 1938= Chirosiasimilata DELIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Deliaabruptiseta Deliaalbula Deliaangustaeformis Deliaangustifrons Deliaantiqua Deliabrassicaeformis Deliabrunnescens PageBreakDeliacardui Deliacarduiformis Deliacoarctata Deliacoarctoides Michelsen, 2007Deliacregyoglossa turcica Hennig, 1974= Deliacriniventris Deliacuneata Tiensuu, 1946Deliadiluta Deliaechinata Deliafabricii Deliaflavogrisea Deliafloralis Deliaflorilega Deliafrontella Deliahirtitibia Deliajudicariae flavifrons auct. p. p.= Delialamelliseta Delialinearis flabellifera Pandell\u00e9, 1900= Delialineariventris Delialongicauda Delialophota nuda Strobl, 1901= Deliamartini Griffiths, 1993Delianigrescens Delianudicosta Deliapallipennis candens Zetterstedt, 1845= Deliapenicilliventris Ackland, 2010penicillaris auct. nec Rondani, 1866= Deliapilifemur Deliapiliventris Deliaplanipalpis Deliaplatura Deliapruinosa flavifrons Zetterstedt, 1860= Deliaradicum brassicae Wiedemann, 1817= Deliarimiventris Michelsen, 2007Deliarondanii Deliasetigera PageBreakDeliasileni Michelsen, 2012flavifrons auct. p. p.= Deliasubalpina Deliatarsata Deliatenuiventris angustitarsis Malloch, 1920= Deliatumidula Deliauniseriata EGLE Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Egleatomaria Eglebrevicornis Egleciliata muscaria auct. nec Fabricius, 1794= Egleconcomitans Egleignobilis Michelsen, 2009Egleinermis Ackland, 1970Eglelyneborgi Ackland & Griffiths in Griffiths, 2003Egleminuta Egleparva Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Egleparvaeformis Schnabl in Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911Eglepilitibia Eglerhinotmeta Eglesteini Schnabl in Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911Eglesubarctica EMMESOMYIA Malloch, 1917Emmesomyiagrisea socia auct. p. p.= Emmesomyiasocia EUSTALOMYIA Kowarz, 1873Eustalomyiafestiva Eustalomyiahilaris Eustalomyiahistrio Eustalomyiavittipes EUTRICHOTA Kowarz, 1893Eremomyia Stein, 1898= Pegomyza Schnabl & Dziezicki, 1911= Arctopegomyia Ringdahl, 1938= Eutrichotafrigida Eutrichotalabradorensis Eutrichotalongimana Eutrichotapilimana Eutrichotapraepotens Eutrichotaschineri PageBreaksocculata auct. nec Zetterstedt, 1845= Eutrichotasocculata consanguinea Tiensuu, 1938= Eutrichotatunicata FUCELLIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1842Fucelliafucorum Fucelliagriseola Fucelliatergina HETEROSTYLODES Hennig, 1967Heterostylodesmacrura Heterostylodesnominabilis pratensis auct. p. p.= Heterostylodesobscura pratensis auct. p. p.= Heterostylodespilifera pratensis auct. p. p.= Heterostylodespratensis HYDROPHORIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Hydrophorialancifer conica Wiedemann, 1817= Hydrophorialinogrisea Hydrophoriasilvicola annulata auct. nec Pandell\u00e9, 1899= HYLEMYA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Hylemyanigrimana Hylemyaurbica Wulp, 1896latifrons Schnabl in Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911= Hylemyavagans strenua Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830= Hylemyavariata HYLEMYZA Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911Hylemya auct. p. p.= Hylemyzapartita LASIOMMA Stein, 1916Crinurina Karl, 1928= Acrostilpina Ringdahl, 1929= Lasiommaanthomyinum Lasiommaatricauda Lasiommacollini Lasiommacraspedodontum Lasiommacuneicorne Lasiommaiwasai Suwa, 1978Lasiommajaponicum Suwa, 1971PageBreakLasiommalatipenne Lasiommamonticola Suh & Kwon, 1985Lasiommamorionellum Lasiommapicipes octoguttata Zetterstedt, 1845= Lasiommaquinquelineatum Lasiommaseminitidum Lasiommastrigilatum nitidicauda Zetterstedt, 1855= LEUCOPHORA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Leucophoracinerea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Leucophoragrisella Hennig, 1967Leucophoraobtusa Leucophorasericea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Leucophoratavastica Leucophoraunilineata Leucophoraunistriata MYCOPHAGA Rondani, 1856Mycophagatestacea MYOPINA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Myopinamyopina reflexa Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830= Myopinascoparia PARADELIA Ringdahl, 1933Pseudonupedia Ringdahl, 1959 (nomen nudum)= Pseudonupedia Huckett, 1971= Paradeliabrunneonigra Paradeliaintersecta Paradelialunatifrons Paradelialundbeckii PAREGLE Schnabl, 1911Chionomyia Ringdahl, 1933= Paregleatrisquama Paregleaudacula radicum auct. nec Linnaeus, 1758= Pareglevetula PEGOMYA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Pegomyaatricauda Ringdahl, 1944Pegomyaavida Hennig, 1973Pegomyabetae hyoscyami auct. p. p.= Pegomyabicolor Pegomyacaesia Stein, 1906PageBreakPegomyacalyptrata Pegomyacircumpolaris Ackland & Griffiths in Griffiths, 1983Pegomyaconformis Pegomyacunicularia hyoscyami auct. p. p.= Pegomyacurviphallis Michelsen, 2006Pegomyadeprimata Pegomyaexilis hyoscyami auct. p. p.= Pegomyaflavifrons Pegomyaflavoscutellata Pegomyafulgens Pegomyafurva Ringdahl, 1938Pegomyafuscinata Tiensuu, 1939Pegomyageniculata Pegomyagrahami Michelsen & Ackland, 2009Pegomyahaemorrhoum haemorrhoa (misspelling)= Pegomyaholmgreni Pegomyaholosteae Pegomyahyoscyami Pegomyaincisiva Stein, 1906Pegomyainterruptella Pegomyalurida Pegomyamaculata Stein, 1906atricauda auct. p. p.= Pegomyameridiana Pegomyanotabilis zonata auct. nec Zetterstedt, 1838= Pegomyapallidoscutellata Pegomyapulchripes flavipes Fall\u00e9n, 1825= Pegomyarubivora Pegomyaruficeps Pegomyarufina Pegomyascapularis pilosa Stein, 1900= Pegomyaseitenstettensis Pegomyasetaria Pegomyasolennis nigritarsis Zetterstedt, 1838= Pegomyasteini Hendel, 1925PageBreakPegomyatabida Pegomyatenera Pegomyatestacea silacea Meigen, 1830= Pegomyatransgressa Pegomyavanduzeei Malloch, 1919versicolor auct. nec Meigen, 1826= Pegomyavittigera Pegomyawinthemi Pegomyazonata tenera auct. nec Zetterstedt, 1838= PEGOPLATA Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911Nupedia Karl, 1930= Pegoplataaestiva Pegoplataannulata virginea auct. nec Meigen, 1826= Pegoplatainfirma Pegoplatanigroscutellata Pegoplatapalposa Pegoplatapatellans Pegoplatatundrica PHORBIA Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Phorbiaatrogrisea Tiensuu, 1936Phorbiacurvicauda Phorbiafascicularis Tiensuu, 1936Phorbiafumigata securis Tiensuu, 1936= Phorbiagenitalis Phorbialongipilis Phorbiamelania Ackland & Michelsen, 1987Phorbiamoliniaris Phorbiapenicillaris Phorbiasingularis Tiensuu, 1938Ringdahlia Michelsen, 2014Ringdahliacurtigena STROBILOMYIA Michelsen, 1988Lasiomma auct. p. p.= Strobilomyiaanthracina Strobilomyiainfrequens Strobilomyialaricicola Strobilomyiasibirica Michelsen, 1988Strobilomyiasvenssoni Michelsen, 1988PageBreakSUBHYLEMYIA Ringdahl, 1933Subhylemyialongula ZAPHNE Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Acroptena Pokorny, 1893= Hydrophoria auct. p. p.= Zaphneambigua Zaphnebarbiventris Zaphnebrunneifrons Zaphnecaudata Zaphnedivisa Zaphnefasciculata Zaphnefrontata Zaphneignobilis Zaphneinuncta hyalipennis Zetterstedt, 1855= Zaphnelineatocollis laticornis Ringdahl, 1916= Zaphnenuda Zaphneproxima Zaphneverticina Zaphnewierzejskii Zaphnezetterstedtii Botanophilarotundivalva . Misdentification of closely related, still undescribed species first recorded from Ks by Deliaangustiventris . Misdentification of Delianudicosta (Ringdahl) by Deliafloricola Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. An erroneous record introduced by Hennig (1974).Deliapenicillosa Hennig, 1974. An erroneous record introduced by Lasiommamultisetosum . According to Pegomyaglabroides Michelsen, 2008. Listed from Finland (Kuusamo: Kuolaj\u00e4rvi) by Pegomyalaticornis  . Identification inferred by Arctium by Pegomya-leaf mines on Arctium have been reported from Finland several times since then, but no flies have been recovered so far.PageBreakPegomyanigrisquama . Identification inferred by Solidagovirgaurea by Pegomyasociella Stein, 1906. Only recorded from Le: Kilpisj\u00e4rvi (pisj\u00e4rvi . ProbablPhorbiabartaki Ackland & Michelsen, 1987. Records by Phorbiamelania Ackland & Michelsen."}
{"text": "The fifth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Christophe Antoniewski. The complete, correct citation is as follows:Drosophila Argonaute-2 Protein. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0120205. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120205Besnard-Gu\u00e9rin C, Jacquier C, Pidoux J, Deddouche S, Antoniewski C (2015) The Cricket Paralysis Virus Suppressor Inhibits microRNA Silencing Mediated by the The publisher apologizes for the error."}
{"text": "The first author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Dr. Luca Gianaroli, and the correct citation is:Gianaroli L, Luiselli D, Crivello AM, Lang M, Ferraretti AP, et al. (2014) Mitogenomes of Polar Bodies and Corresponding Oocytes. PLoS ONE 9(7): e102182. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102182"}
{"text": "The correct title is: Neonatal Periostin Knockout Mice Are Protected from Hyperoxia-Induced Alveolar Simplification. The correct citation is: Bozyk PD, Bentley JK, Popova AP, Anyanwu AC, Linn MD, Goldsmith AM, et al. (2012) Neonatal Periostin Knockout Mice Are Protected from Hyperoxia-Induced Alveolar Simplification. PLoS ONE 7(2): e31336. doi:"}
{"text": "After publication of the original article , Additio\u201cReproduced with permission from: Mannino DM, Higuchi K, Yu T-C, Zhou H, Li Y, Tian H, et al. Economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by presence of comorbidities. CHEST Journal. Published online February 12, 2015. doi:10.1378/chest.14-2434.\u201dThis is to credit an earlier publication in which the same additional file was used. The updated additional file (Additional file"}
{"text": "The correct reference is: Doostmohammadi A, Monshi A, Salehi R, Fathi MH, Karbasi S, Pieles U, Daniels AU (2012) Preparation, chemistry and physical properties of bone-derived hydroxyapatite particles having a negative zeta potential. Mater Chem Phys 132: 446\u2013452 doi:"}
{"text": "Ceracris kiangsu and Inferences for the Impact of Human Activity. PLoS ONE 9(3): e89873. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089873There are errors in the author list. Benjamin Blanchard and Qi-Xin He should not be listed as authors on this article. The correct author list is: Zhou Fan, Guo-Fang Jiang, Yu-Xiang Liu. The correct citation is: Fan Z, Jiang G-F, Liu Y-X (2014) Population Explosion in the Yellow-Spined Bamboo Locust"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Cem Meydan. The correct citation is: Dubchak I, Balasubramanian S, Wang S, Meydan C, Sulakhe D, Poliakov A, et al. (2014) An Integrative Computational Approach for Prioritization of Genomic Variants. PLoS ONE 9(12): e114903. doi:"}
{"text": "AbstractAnthomyiidae attempts to list all species (173) described or recorded from mainland China (165) and Taiwan (8) that for various reasons are not treated in \u201cFlies of China\u201d from 1998. The catalogue further lists Chinese species that are presently standing in new generic combinations compared to those of \u201cFlies of China\u201d, species that have changed name because of synonymy or misidentification, and species upgraded from subspecies to species. Regional distribution by province is specified for all species. Literature sources to descriptions or records of anthomyiid species from China are only given for those 173 species not covered by \u201cFlies of China\u201d. Four new combinations are proposed: Enneastigmafulva , Enneastigmahenanensis , Enneastigmalengshanensis  and Hylemyaqinghaiensis . Eremomyiaturbida Huckett, 1951 is revived from synonymy with Chortophilatriticiperda Stein, 1900 (current name Eutrichotaturbida). One subspecies is upgraded to species: Adiaasiatica Fan, 1988. The following eight new synonymies are proposed: Deliapectinatorfuscilateralis Fan in Fan & Zheng, 1992 with Deliapectinator Suwa, 1984; Eremomyiapilimanapilimarginata Fan & Qian in Fan, Chen, Ma & Ge, 1982 with Eremomyiaturbida Huckett, 1951 (current name Eutrichotaturbida); Lopesohylemya Fan, Chen & Ma, 1989 with Hylemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; Deliomyia Fan in Fan et al., 1988 with Subhylemyia Ringdahl, 1933; Hydrophoriadisticrassa Xue & Bai, 2009 with Hydrophoriapullata Wu, Liu & Wei, 1995 (current name Zaphnepullata); Heteroterma Wei, 2006 with Scathophaga Meigen, 1803; Heterotermafanjingensis Wei, 2006 with Scathophagacurtipilata Feng, 2002; Scatomyzafansipanicola Ozerov in Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011 with Scathophagacurtipilata Feng, 2002. The genus Heteroterma Wei, 2006 and species Heterotermafanjingensis Wei, 2006 are reassigned from Anthomyiidae to Scathophagidae.The present catalogue of PageBreak Anthomyiidae are a large and diverse family of muscoid Diptera with c. 2000 described species worldwide. Anthomyiid flies are most diverse under temperate to subarctic conditions in the Northern Hemisphere. Accordingly, the Chinese anthomyiid fauna is exceedingly rich, including about one-third of the known world fauna, but still far from exhaustively investigated despite the voluminous literature on the subject.China is a huge country of 9.6 million square kilometres in eastern Asia supporting a rich Palaearctic biota supplemented with a smaller Oriental biota in the southern areas. The Anthomyiidae in China is that of The first comprehensive revision of the The notable increase in number of anthomyiid species presently recognized from mainland China (675) compared to \u201cFlies of China\u201d (511) reflects on one hand the high activity level of taxonomic and faunistic investigation of anthomyiid flies that has taken place in China since 1992/93 (the approximate deadline for \u201cFlies of China\u201d). However, our catalogue includes 25 species described as new and 17 species recorded from China or Taiwan before 1992 that for unknown reasons are omitted from \u201cFlies of China\u201d. These aspects emphasize the strong need of the present supplementary list.The following catalogue is primarily a compilation of all anthomyiid species recorded from mainland China and Taiwan but for various reasons omitted from consideration in \u201cFlies of China\u201d , b. ThesPageBreakThe arrangement of the species is alphabetical by genus and by species. The generic classification follows the most recent update of the family in \u201cFauna Europaea\u201d . AccordiAdia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Genus Adiaasiatica Fan in Fan et al., 1988, STAT. REV.Adiagrisellaasiatica Fan. Distribution in China. Neimenggu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan.Adiagrisella (Rondani) in the structure of the male terminalia. It also has a distribution overlapping with Adiagrisella in Central Asia (DM Ackland in litt.).Taxonomic note. The present taxon differs significantly from Alliopsis Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911Genus Paraprosalpia Villeneuve, 1922.Syn.: Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Alliopsisbillbergi Paraprosalpiabillibergi [misspelling of billbergi] shanghaina Fan in Fan, Chen, Cui & Wang, 1983.Paraprosalpiabillergi [misspelling of billbergi] shanghaina Fan. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Shanghai.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Alliopsisdenticauda Paraprosalpiadenticauda (Zetterstedt). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang.Alliopsisflavipes Paraprosalpiaflavipes Fan & Cui. Distribution. China: Heilongjiang.PageBreakAlliopsismaculifrons Paraprosalpialutebasicosta Fan in Fan, Chen, Cui & Wang, 1983.Alliopsislutebasicosta (Fan). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Michelsen (2004)Alliopsismagnilamella Paraprosalpiamagnilamella Fan. Distribution. China: Qinghai.Alliopsismoerens Paraprosalpiamoerens (Zetterstedt). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Neimenggu.Alliopsispilitarsis Paraprosalpiapilitarsis (Stein). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Xinjiang.Alliopsissepiella Paraprosalpiasepiella (Zetterstedt). Distribution in China. Xinjiang.Alliopsistibialis Paraprosalpiatibialis Fan.Parprosalpia [misspelling of Paraprosalpia] tibialis Fan & Wang. Distribution. China: Shanxi.Anthomyia Meigen, 1803Genus Craspedochoeta Macquart, 1851.Syn.: Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Anthomyiaalishana Ackland & Suwa in Ackland, 1987*Distribution in China. Taiwan : 46.Anthomyiacannabina Craspedochoetacannabina (Stein). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Liaoning.Anthomyiaconfusanea Michelsen in Michelsen & B\u00e1ez, 1985Craspedochoetaliturata  [misidentification]. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Neimenggu, Shanxi, Xinjiang.Anthomyialiturata  is known exclusively from Europe, whereas Anthomyiaconfusanea is a more widespread Palearctic species.Taxonomic note. PageBreakAnthomyiahirsuticorpa *Craspedochoetahirsuticorpa Feng & Fan.Distribution. China: Sichuan : 321.Anthomyialasiommata Fan & Chen, 1992*Distribution. China: Hainan : 197.Anthomyialatifasciata Suwa, 1987*Distribution in China. Guizhou : 525.Anthomyiamimetica Craspedochoetaangulata . Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Liaoning.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Anthomyiaoculifera Bigot, 1885Anthomyiakoreana Suh & Kwon, 1985. Distribution in China. Liaoning.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Anthomyiapsilommata Fan & Chen, 1992*Distribution. China: Hainan : 198.Anthomyiapullulula Craspedochoetapullulula Fan. Distribution in China. Shanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang.Anthomyiasinensis Zhang & Sun, 1997*Distribution. China: Liaoning : 23.Boreophorbia Michelsen, 1987Genus Boreophorbiahirtipes *Chirosiahirtipes Stein.Distribution in China. Qinghai : 63.Botanophila Lioy, 1864Genus Monochrotogaster Ringdahl, 1932; Pseudomyopina Ringdahl, 1933.Syn.: Monochrotogaster and by Pseudomyopina.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by PageBreakBotanophilaalcaecerca *Pegohylemyiaalcaecerca Deng.Distribution. China: Shandong, Sichuan : 201.Botanophilaalishana Suwa, 1996*Distribution. China: Taiwan : 147.Botanophilaangulisurstyla Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 168.Botanophilaangustisilva Xue & Yang, 2002*Distribution. China: Shaanxi, Gansu : 73.Botanophilaatricornis Monochrotogasteratricornis Fan & Wu. Distribution. China: Qinghai, Sichuan.Botanophilabicoloripennis Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Hebei, Sichuan : 169.Botanophilacaligotypa *Pegohylemyiacaligotypa Zheng & Fan.Distribution. China: Qinghai : 181.Botanophilacercodiscoides Pegohylemyiaokaicercodiscoides Fan, Zhong & Deng.Botanophilaokaicercodiscoides . Distribution. China: Sichuan.Taxonomic note. First ranked as species by Botanophilachelonocerca Xue & Yang, 2002*Distribution. China: Gansu : 74.Botanophilachoui *Pegohylemyiachoui Fan, Chen & Ma.Distribution. China: Qinghai : 130.Botanophilachui Suwa, 1996*Distribution. China: Taiwan : 140.Botanophilaclavata *Distribution in China. Qinghai, Yunnan : 158.PageBreakBotanophilaconvexifrons *Pegohylemyiaconvexifrons Fan, Chen & Chen.Distribution. China: Henan, Xinjiang : 59.Botanophilacornuta *Pegohylemyiacornuta Deng.Distribution. China: Sichuan : 202.Botanophilacuneata *Pegohylemyiacuneata Deng, Li & liu.Distribution. China: Jiangxi, Sichuan : 427.Botanophilacurvimargo *Pegohylemyiacurvimargo Zheng & Fan.Distribution. China: Qinghai : 181.Botanophiladensispinula Xue & Song, 2007*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 25.Botanophiladepressa Chortophiladepressa Stein.Botanophilaoraria . Distribution in China. Qinghai, Gansu, Xizang : 158.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first suggested by Botanophiladianisenecio Xue & Wang, 2010*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 457.Botanophiladolichocerca *Pegohylemyiadolichocerca Zheng & Fan.Distribution. China: Heilongjiang, Qinghai : 182.Botanophilaendotylata *Pegohylemyiaendotylata Deng, Li & Liu.Distribution. China: Henan, Sichuan : 426.Botanophilaeuryisurstyla *Pegohylemyiaeuryisurstyla Deng, Liu & Li.Distribution. China: Sichuan : 375.Botanophilafanjingensis Wei, 2006*Distribution. China: Guizhou : 528.PageBreakBotanophilaflavibellula *Pegohylemyiaflavibellula Deng Geng, Liu & Li.Distribution. China: Jilin, Sichuan : 58.Botanophilafulgicauda *Pegohylemyiafulgicauda Deng, Liu & Li.Distribution. China: Sichuan : 375.Botanophilafumidorsis Pseudomyopinafumidorsisprobola Fan in Ye, Ni & Fan, 1982. Distribution in China. Shandong, Gansu, Xinjiang.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Botanophilagnava *Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Xinjiang : 159.Botanophilagnavoides *Distribution in China. Gansu, Xinjiang : 159.Botanophilaguizhouensis Wei, 2006*Distribution. China: Guizhou : 529.Botanophilahiguchii *Pegohylemyiahiguchii Suwa.Distribution in China. Shaanxi, Gansu : 348.Botanophilahohxiliensis Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Jilin, Qinghai : 170.Botanophilakanmiyai Suwa, 1996*Distribution. China: Taiwan : 144.Botanophilalatigena *Chortophilalatigena Stein.Pegohylemyialatigena (Stein). Botanophilalatigena (Stein). Distribution in China. Qinghai, Gansu, Hebei : 159.Botanophilalatispinisternata Xue & Wang, 2010*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 461.PageBreakBotanophilaligoniformis *Pegohylemyialigoniformis Deng.Distribution. China: Sichuan, Xizang : 58.Botanophilalongibarbata Xue & Wang, 2010*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 455.Botanophilamaculipes Botanophilapseudomaculipes . Distribution in China. Sichuan, Xizang : 159.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Botanophilamediotubera *Pegohylemyiamediotubera Deng, Li & Liu.Distribution. China: Jiangxi, Sichuan : 428.Botanophilamelametopa Pegohylemyiamelametopa Fan.Pegohylemyianigrifrontata Fan & Zheng, 1992.Botanophilamelametopa (Fan). Botanophilanigrifrontata (Fan & Zheng). Distribution. China: Sichuan.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Botanophilamenyuanensis *Pegohylemyiamenyuanensis Zheng & Fan.Distribution. China: Qinghai : 182.Botanophilamonacensis *Pegohylemyiamonacensis Hennig.Distribution in China. Hebei : 24.Botanophilamonoconica *Pegohylemyiamonoconica Chen & Fan.Distribution. China: Qinghai : 492.Botanophilanigribella *Pegohylemyianigribella Deng, Geng, Liu & Li.Distribution. China: Henan, Sichuan : 58.Botanophilapamirensis Pseudomyopinapamirensis Ackland. Distribution in China. Henan, Xinjiang.PageBreakBotanophilapapiliocerca *Pegohylemyiapapiliocerca Deng.Distribution. China: Shanxi, Sichuan : 201.Pegohylemyiapapiliocera is an incorrect original spelling in the English summary (p. 204) by Taxonomic note. Botanophilapeltophora *Pegohylemyiapeltophora Li, Cui & Fan.Distribution. China: Neimenggu, Henan : 129.Botanophilapeninsularis Suh & Kwon, 1986*Distribution in China. Liaoning : 160.Botanophilapilicoronata Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 171.Botanophilaplatysurstyla Xue & Song, 2007*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 26.Botanophilaprenochirella *Pegohylemyiaprenochirella Zheng & Fan.Distribution. China: Qinghai : 182.Botanophilarotundivalva *Distribution in China. Shandong, Shaanxi : 160.Botanophilarubrigena *Distribution in China. Qinghai, : 160.Botanophilarufifrons Monochrotogasterrufifrons Fan & Chen. Distribution. China: Qinghai.Botanophilasanctiforceps Xue & Yang, 2002*Distribution. China: Gansu : 76.Botanophilasericea *Botanophilasericea . Distribution in China. Not given.Botanophilaspinisternatodea Xue & Wang, 2010*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 460.PageBreakBotanophilastenocerca *Pegohylemyiastenocerca Zheng & Fan.Distribution. China: Qinghai : 182.Botanophilastrictistriolata Xue & Zhang, 2005*Distribution. China: Gansu : 789.Botanophilasubmontivaga Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Gansu, Xinjiang : 199.Botanophilasubobscura Xue & Yang, 2002*Distribution. China: Gansu : 77.Botanophilasubspinulibasis Xue & Song, 2007*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 28.Botanophilatetracrula *Pegohylemyiatetracrula Deng.Distribution. China: Sichuan : 203.Botanophilatortiforceps *Pegohylemyiatortiforceps Deng.Distribution. China: Sichuan : 58.Botanophilatrifurcata *Distribution in China. Qinghai, Sichuan : 161.Botanophilatrifurcatoides Xue & Song, 1992*Pegohylemyiatrifurcata Hennig, 1976 [preoccupied in Botanophila].Distribution. China: Heilongjiang : 953.Botanophilatrinivittata *Pegohylemyiatrinivittata Zheng & Fan.Distribution. China: Qinghai : 182.Botanophilaunicolor Monochrotogasterunicolor Ringdahl. Distribution in China. Xinjiang.Botanophilaunicrucianella *Pseudomyopinaunicrucianella Xue & Zhang.Distribution. China: Qinghai : 186.PageBreakBotanophilaunimacula Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 172.Botanophilavicariola *Pegohylemyiavicariola Fan.Distribution. China: Xizang : 300.Botanophilazhuoniensis Pegohylemyiazhuoniensis Jin.Botanophilazhuouniensis [misspelling of zhuoniensis] (Jin). Distribution. China: Gansu.Chirosia Rondani, 1856Genus Meliniella Suwa, 1974; Shakshainia Suwa, 1974.Syn.: Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Chirosiabisinuata Meliniellabisinuata (Tiensuu). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang.Chirosiaforcipispatula Xue, 2001*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 307.Chirosiagriseifrons Meliniellagriseifrons (S\u00e9guy). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Liaoning.Chirosiagrossicauda Strobl, 1899Chirosiaparvicornis  [misidentification]. Distribution in China. Liaoning, Fujian.Taxonomic note. The valid name for the present species first proposed by Chirosianodula *Meliniellanodula Li, Cui & Fan.Distribution. China: Henan : 129.Chirosiarametoka Shakshainiarametoka Suwa. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Liaoning.Chirosiaspatuliforceps Meliniellaspatuliforceps Fan & Chu. Distribution. China: Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan.PageBreakChirosiastrigilliformis Meliniellastrigilliformis Deng & Li. Distribution. China: Sichuan.Chirosiastyloplasis *Meliniellastyloplasis Zheng & Fan.Distribution. China: Xizang : 181.Delia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Genus Deliaabsidata Xue & Du, 2008*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 114.Deliaancylosurstyla Xue, 2002*Distribution. China: Gansu : 73.Deliaangustaeformis *Distribution in China. Xinjiang : 75.Deliaapicifloralis Xue, 2002*Distribution. China: Gansu : 74.Deliabrevipalpis Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 174.Deliaconjugata Deng & Li, 1994*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 20.Deliaconversatoides Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 175.Deliadiluta Deliadiluta (Stein). Deliasegmentata  [misidentification]. Distribution in China. Qinghai.Deliadiluta as a junior synonym of the Nearctic Deliasegmentata.Taxonomic note. Deliadovreensis Ringdahl, 1953*Distribution in China. Shanxi : 412.Deliafalciforceps Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Xinjiang : 204.PageBreakDeliafimbrifascia Xue & Du, 2009*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 155.Deliaflavicommixta Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Xinjiang : 206.Deliaflavipes Tian & Ma, 1999*Distribution. China: Neimenggu : 217.Deliaflavogrisea *Distribution in China. Heilongjiang (Hennig 1974: 814).Deliafloricola Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Deliafloricola Robineau-Desvoidy. Deliacardui  [misidentification]. Distribution in China. Xinjiang.Deliafloricola as a junior synonym of Deliacardui.Taxonomic note. Deliaformosana Suwa, 1994*Distribution. China: Taiwan : 63Deliahohxiliensis Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 176.Delialinearis Deliaflabellifera . Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Neimenggu, Hebei, Shanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Delialongiarista Xue, 2002*Distribution. China: Gansu : 77.Delialongimastica Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 177.Deliamadoensis Fan in Fan et al., 1988.Deliarondaniimadoensis Fan in Fan et al. Distribution in China. Gansu, Qinghai.Taxonomic note. First ranked as species by Deliamastigella Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 178.PageBreakDeliaminutigrisea Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 179.Delianigriabdominis Xue, 2001*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 306.Deliaparvicanalis Fan in Fan, Chen, Ma & Wu, 1984*Distribution. China: Qinghai, Sichuan : 243.Deliapectinator Suwa, 1984Deliapectinatorfuscilateralis Fan in Fan & Zheng, 1992, syn. n. Distribution in China. Sichuan.Deliapectinator described from Japan is widely distributed in northern North America. His redescription suggests that ssp. fuscilateralis Fan falls within the variation of Deliapectinator.Taxonomic note. Deliapenicilliventris Ackland, 2010Deliapenicillaris  [misidentification]. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang.Deliapenicillaris auct. consists of two different species of which true Deliapenicillaris (Rondani) is only found in Central and South Europe.Taxonomic note. Deliapersica Hennig, 1974*Distribution in China. Hebei : 24.Deliapodagricicauda Xue, 1997*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 1493.Deliascrofifacialis Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 180.Deliastenostyla Deng & Li, 1994*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 20.Deliasubatrifrons Xue & Du, 2009*Distribution. China: Sichuan, Yunnan : 157.Deliasubinterflua Xue & Du, 2008*Distribution. China: Sichuan, Yunnan : 116.Deliataonura Deng & Li, 1994*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 18.PageBreakDeliatenuiventris Deliaconversata . Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Xinjiang.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Deliaturcmenica Hennig, 1974*Distribution in China. Qinghai : 201.Deliaunguitigris Xue, 1997*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 1494Deliauralensis Hennig, 1974*Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai : 166.Egle Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Genus Egleciliata Eglemuscaria  [misidentification]. Distribution in China. Liaoning, Neimenggu.Taxonomic note. The valid name for the present species was first proposed by Egleinermis Ackland, 1970Eglesteini Schnabl, 1911 [misidentification]. Distribution in China. Liaoning.Taxonomic note. Misidentification first noted by Eglelongirostris *Chortophilalongirostris Stein.Lasiommalongirostris (Stein). Eglelongirostris (Stein). Distribution. China: Qinghai : 366.Egleminuta Eglekorpokkur Suwa, 1974. Eglegracilior Zheng & Fan, 1990. Distribution in China. Liaoning, Shanxi, Gansu, Sichuan.Eglekorpokkur and by Eglegracilior.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by PageBreakEglesubarctica Eglecyrtacra Fan & Wang in Fan, Chen, Ma & Ge, 1982. Distribution in China. Shanxi.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Emmesomyia Malloch, 1917Genus Emmesomyiadorsalis *Chortophiladorsalis Stein.Distribution in China. Taiwan : 16, 55.Emmesomyiaovata *Chortophilaovata Stein.Distribution in China. Taiwan : 29, 56.Emmesomyiaroborospinosa Cui, Li & Fan, 1993*Distribution. China: Heilongjiang : 137.Emmesomyiasimilata Suwa, 1991*Distribution in China. Guizhou : 533.Emmesomyiasuwai Ge & Fan, 1988Emmesomyiasociasuwai Ge & Fan. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Henan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan.Taxonomic note. First ranked as species by Enneastigma Stein, 1916Genus Enneastigma rather than Pegoplata, because the male cerci that are not forming a projecting lobe between the surstyli, a derived character state only defining the genera Pegoplata and Myopina within the Myopina group of genera. In that respect Enneastigma agrees with Calythea Schnabl & Dziedzicki.Taxonomic note. The following two species are presently referred to Enneastigmafulva , COMB. NOV.Nupediafulva . Distribution in China. Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan.Enneastigmahenanensis , COMB. NOV.Nupediahenanensis Ge & Fan. Distribution. China: Henan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan.PageBreakEnneastigmalengshanensis Xue, 2001, COMB. NOV.*Pegoplatalengshanensis Xue, 2001.Distribution. China: Yunnan : 486.Eutrichota Kowarz, 1893Genus Eremomyia Stein, 1898; Pegomyza Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911; Arctopegomyia Ringdahl, 1938; Parapegomyia Griffiths, 1984.Syn.: Eremomyia, by Pegomyza and Arctopegomyia, and by Parapegomyia.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Eutrichotaapiciserpenta Xue & Dong in Xue, Dong & Bai, 2012*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 81.Eutrichotabreviungula Xue & Dong in Xue, Dong & Bai, 2012*Distribution. China: Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang : 83.Eutrichotafanjingensis Wei, 2006*Distribution. China: Guizhou : 531.Eutrichotagansuensis *Parapegomyiagansuensis Xue & Zhang.Distribution. China: Gansu : 796.Eutrichotalatimana Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 181.Eutrichotaminutiungula Xue & Bai in Xue, Dong & Bai, 2012*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 84.Eutrichotanigriceps Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai (Xue & Zhang 1996b: 182).Eutrichotapalaestinensis *Distribution in China. Shaanxi : 348.Eutrichotapraepotens Distribution in China. Only record from northern China : 472 in Eutrichotaruficeps Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 183.PageBreakEutrichotaturbida , SP. REV.Eremomyiatriticiperda  [misidentification]. Eutrichotatriticiperda (Stein) [misidentification]. Eremomyiapilimanapilimarginata Fan & Qian in Fan, Chen, Ma & Ge, 1982, syn. n.Eutrichotapilimarginata (Fan & Qian). Distribution in China. Xinjiang.Eutrichotatriticiperda (Stein) from Central Europe is different from the species identified by that name from Central Asia (Eutrichotaturbida (Huckett). It differs from Eutrichotatriticiperda by the absence of a shiny area on the antenna and, in males only, by a different shape of sternite V and presence of a broad, shiny black median field on sternites II\u2013IV.Taxonomic note. Comparative study has convinced one of us (VM) that ral Asia : 462 andral Asia : 446. ThHydrophoria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Genus Hydrophoria in the present narrow sense follows upon the recognition of Zaphne (q.v.) as a separate genus.Taxonomic note. Hydrophoriaaberrans Stein, 1918*Distribution. China: Taiwan : 6Hydrophoriafanjingensis Wei, 2006*Distribution. China: Guizhou : 525.Hydrophorialushiensis Ge & Li, 1985*Distribution. China: Henan : 242.Hydrophorianigrinitida Feng, 2006*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 1.Hydrophoriarobustisurstylus Feng, 2006*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 1.Hydrophoriasilvicola Hydrophoriaannulata  [misidentification]. Hydrophoriasilvicola (Robineau-Desvoidy). Distribution in China. Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang.Taxonomic note. The valid name for the present species was first proposed by PageBreakHylemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Genus Lopesohylemya Fan, Chen & Ma, 1989, syn. n.Syn.: Lopesohylemya with the new species Lopesohylemyaqinghaiensis (see below) as type species. They further suggested that their new genus should also accommodate the histrio species group of the genus Eustalomyia Kowarz. As noted in the discussion by Lopeshylemyia and Eustalomyia are closely related taxa. Instead, we propose that Lopeshylemyiaqinghaiensis is closely related to Hylemyaflavicruralis Suwa, 1989 described from Nepal. The distal articles of both antennae are missing in the holotype and only known specimen of Lopesohylemyaqinghaiensis. Accordingly, the authors were unable to observe the plumose condition of the arista, a prime characteristic of the genus Hylemya.Taxonomic note. Hylemyateinosurstylia Xue & Zhang, 2004*Distribution. China: Guangxi, Yunnan : 546.Hylemyaqinghaiensis , COMB. NOV.Lopesohylemyaqinghaiensis Fan, Chen & Ma. Distribution. China: Qinghai.Hylemyaurbica Wulp, 1896Hylemyalatifrons Schnabl. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first published in Hylemyza Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911Genus Hylemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 by Taxonomic note. First revived from synonymy with Hylemyzapartita Hylemyapartita (Meigen). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Qinghai.Hyporites Pokorny, 1893Genus Engyneura Stein, 1907Syn.: Engyneura agree closely with those of Hyporites, and together they constitute a well defined, clearly monophyletic entity of anthomyiid flies. This was realized by Engyneura was available to him. This synonymy was first proposed by Taxonomic note. Species of PageBreakHyporitescurvostylata Engyneuracurvostylata Fan & Chen. Distribution. China: Qinghai.Hyporitesgracilior Engyneuragracilior Fan & Zhong. Distribution. China: Qinghai, Xizang.Hyporitesleptinostylata Engyneuraleptinostylata Fan, Van & Ma. Distribution. China: Qinghai.Hyporitespilipes Engyneurapilipes Stein. Distribution. China: Gansu, Qinghai.Hyporitessetigera Engyneurasetigera Stein. Distribution in China. Gansu, Qinghai.Hyporitessetifemorata Engyneurasetifemorata Fan. Distribution. China: Sichuan.Hyporitesyuanyea *Engyneurayuanyea Xue & Liu.Distribution. China: Yunnan : 147.Lasiomma Stein, 1916Genus Acrostilpna Ringdahl, 1929; Sinohylemya Hsue, 1980.Syn.: Acrostilpna and by Sinohylemya.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first established by Lasiommacraspedodontum Sinohylemyacraspedodonta Hsue. Distribution in China. Jilin, Liaoning, Sichuan.Lasiommalatipenne Acrostilpnalatipennis (Zetterstedt). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang.PageBreakLasiommamonticola Suh & Kwon, 1985Sinohylemyactenocnema Hsue, 1980 [preoccupied in Lasiomma]. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Liaoning.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Lasiommapicipes Lasiommaoctoguttatum . Distribution in China. Xizang.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Lasiommareplicatum Acrostilpnamontana Ma, 1988. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Leucophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Genus Leucophoradasyprosterna Fan & Qian in Fan et al. 1988Leucophorabrevifronsdasyprosterna Fan & Qian. Distribution. China: Xinjiang.Taxonomic note. First ranked as species by Leucophoraliaoningensis Zhang & Zhang, 1998*Distribution. China: Liaoning : 103.Leucophoraobtusa *Distribution in China. Liaoning : 1140.Leucophoraxinjiangensis Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Xinjiang : 209.Mycophaga Rondani, 1856Genus Mycophagatestacea *Distribution in China. Sichuan : 35.Myopina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Genus Myopinamyopina *Distribution in China. Shanxi : 94.PageBreakParadelia Ringdahl, 1933Genus Pseudonupedia Ringdahl, 1959.Syn.: Pseudonupedia Ringdahl is unavailable, as no type species was designated. The name was first made available by Anthomyiaintersecta Meigen, 1826 as type species.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Paradeliabrunneonigra *Pseudonupediabrunneonigra (Schnabl). Distribution in China. Shaanxi, Gansu.Paradeliaintersecta Pseudonupediaintersecta (Meigen). Distribution in China. Jilin, Shanxi, Gansu.Paradelialundbeckii *Distribution in China. Sichuan : 9.Paradeliapalpata Pseudonupediatrigonalis (Karl). Distribution in China. Qinghai.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Paregle Schnabl, 1911Genus Chionomyia Ringdahl, 1933.Syn.: Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Pareglevetula Chionomyiavetula (Zetterstedt). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Neimenggu, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan.Pegomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Genus Pegomyaacisophalla Xue, 2003*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 80.Pegomyaagilis Wei, 2006*Distribution. China: Guizhou : 286.Pegomyabasichaeta Li, Liu & Fan in Li, Liu, Fan & Cui, 1999*Distribution. China: Henan : 244.PageBreakPegomyacalyptrata *Distribution in China. Qinghai : 26.Pegomyachaetostigmata Zheng & Fan, 1990*Distribution. China: Xizang : 182.Pegomyacricophalla Xue, 2003*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 81.Pegomyadeprimata *Distribution in China. Jiangxi : 349.Pegomyadiplothrixa Li, Liu & Fan in Li, Liu, Fan & Cui, 1999*Distribution. China: Henan : 243.Pegomyaflavifrons *Distribution in China. Shanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang : 230Pegomyaheteroparamera Zheng & Fan, 1990*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 184.Pegomyahohxiliensis Xue & Zhang, 1996*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 185.Pegomyahuanglongensis Deng & Li, 1993*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 8.Pegomyaincrassata Stein, 1907*Pegomyiaincrassata Stein.Distribution in China. Guangdong, Qinghai : 230.Pegomyajaponica Suwa, 1974Pegomyajaponicajaponica Suwa. Pegomyajaponicamokanensis Fan, 1982. Distribution in China. Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Pegomyalageniforceps Xue, 2003*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 82.Pegomyalurida Pegomyavalgenovensis Hennig. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Sichuan.Taxonomic note. Synonomy first proposed by PageBreakPegomyamediarmata Zheng & Xue, 2002*Distribution. China: Liaoning : 159.Pegomyamirabifurca Cui, Li & Fan, 1993*Distribution. China: Heilongjiang, Henan, Neimenggu : 230.Pegomyanigripraepeda Feng, 2006*Distribution. China: Sichuan : 2.Pegomyanudapicalis Li & Deng in Fan et al., 1988Pegomyadichaetomyiolanudapicalis Li & Deng. Distribution. China: Sichuan.Pegomyadichaetomyiolanudicpiculis and Pegomyadichaetomyiolanudiapicalis are incorrect original spellings in the Index (p. 391) and in the English summary (p. 396) by Taxonomic note. Pegomyapulchripes *Distribution in China. Hebei, Sichuan : 24.Pegomyarevolutiloba Zheng & Fan, 1990*Distribution. China: Xizang : 184.Pegomyarhagolobos Li, Deng, Zhu & Sun, 1984Pegomyarhagolobs [misspelling of rhagolobos] Li, Deng, Zhu & Sun. Distribution. China: Sichuan.Pegomyarufina *Distribution in China. Shaanxi : 349.Pegomyasemicircula Li, Liu & Fan, 1999*Distribution. China: Henan : 243.Pegomyasetaria *Distribution in China. Shanghai : 635.Pegomyaspiraculata Suwa, 1974*Distribution in China. Liaoning : 230.Pegomyasublurida Hsue, 1981*Distribution. China: Liaoning : 89.Pegomyatabida *Distribution in China. Shaanxi : 349.PageBreakPegomyaunilongiseta Fan & Huang in Fan, Huang, Zou & Wu, 1984*Distribution. China: Fujian : 220.Pegomyayunnanensis Xue, 2001*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 487.Pegoplata Schnabl & Dziedzicki, 1911Genus Nupedia Karl, 1930.Syn.: Pegoplata to include species previously recognized in Nupedia.Taxonomic note. Griffiths (1986: 610) first proposed a wider concept of Pegoplataaestiva Nupediaaestiva (Meigen). Distribution in China. Shanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang.Pegoplataannulata Pegoplatajuvenilis  [misidentification]. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang.Pegoplatajuvenilis , of which the nominal subspecies is Nearctic in distribution and its Palearctic counterpart was named as Pegoplatajuvenilisnitidicauda . Pegoplataannulata .Taxonomic note. Griffiths (1986: 622) recognized two subspecies under Pegoplatainfirma Nupediainfirma (Meigen). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang.Pegoplatalaotudingga Zheng & Xue, 2002*Distribution. China: Liaoning : 158.Pegoplatalinotaenia Nupedialinotaenia Ma. Distribution. China: Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Neimenggu.Pegoplatanigroscutellata Nupedianigroscutellata (Stein). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Qinghai.Pegoplatapatellans Nupediapatellans (Pandell\u00e9). Distribution in China. Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan.PageBreakPegoplataplicatura Nupediaplicatura Hsue. Distribution. China: Liaoning.Pegoplataqiandianensis Wei, 2006*Distribution. China: Guizhou : 534.Phorbia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Genus Phorbiafani Xue, 2001*Distribution. China: Sichuan, Yunnan : 485.Phorbiagenitalis Phorbiasecurisxibeina Wu, Zhang & Fan in Fan et al., 1988. Distribution in China. Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Phorbialobata Phorbiaperssoni Hennig, 1976. Distribution in China. Xinjiang.Taxonomic note. Synonymy first proposed by Phorbialongipilis *Distribution in China. Heilongjiang : 950.Phorbiamorulella Fan, Li & Cui, 1993*Distribution. China: Henan : 133.Phorbiapolystrepsis Fan, Chen & Ma, 2000*Distribution. China: Qinghai : 130.Phorbiasimplisternita Fan, Li & Cui, 1993*Distribution. China: Henan : 133.Phorbiasinosingularis Zhang, Fan & Zhu, 2011*Distribution. China: Shanxi : 298.Phorbiasubcurvifolia Zhang, Fan & Zhu, 2011*Distribution. China: Heilongjiang : 297.Phorbiasubfascicularis Suwa, 1994Phorbiafascicularis Tiensuu, 1936 [misidentification]. Distribution in China. Heilongjiang.Taxonomic note. Misidentification first noted by PageBreakRingdahlia Michelsen, 2014Genus Ringdahliacurtigena Lasiommacurtigena (Ringdahl). Distribution in China. Gansu.Ringdahlia was established by Lasiomma Stein or Chirosiomima Hennig.Taxonomic note. The genus Sinophorbia Xue, 1997Genus Sinophorbia Xue in Wei et al., 1998Syn.: Sinophorbiatergiprotuberans Xue, 1997Sinophorbiatergiprotuberans Xue in Wei et al., 1998b: 2301.Distribution. China: Sichuan : 1496.Note. The present genus and species, intended for publication in \u201cFlies of China\u201d , were accidentally published by Strobilomyia Michelsen, 1988Genus Strobilomyialijiangensis Roques & Sun in Roques, Sun, Zhang, Pan, Xu & Delplanque, 1996*Distribution. China: Yunnan : 421.Strobilomyiaoriens *Lasiommaabietes [misspelling of abietis]  [misidentification].Distribution in China. Liaoning : 52.Strobilomyiaabietis is a Nearctic species and replaced by Strobilomyiaoriens in East Asia.Taxonomic note. Strobilomyiasanyangi Roques & Sun in Sun, Roques, Zhang & Xu, 1996]. Zaphneverticina (Zetterstedt) [misidentification]. Distribution in China. Xinjiang.Taxonomic note. Misidentification first noted by Zaphnevenatifurca Hydrophoriavenatifurca Zhong. Zaphnevenatifurca (Zhong). Distribution. Xizang.Zaphneventribarbata Hydrophoriaventribarbata Hsue. Zaphneventribarbata (Hsue). Distribution. Jilin.Zaphnewierzejskii Hydrophoriawierzejskii (Mik). Zaphnewierzejskii (Mik). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Neimenggu, Shanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang.PageBreakZaphnezetterstedtii Hydrophoriazetterstedti [misspelling of zetterstedtii] (Ringdahl). Zaphnezetterstedti [misspelling of zetterstedtii] (Ringdahl). Distribution in China. Heilongjiang, Sichuan.AnthomyiidaeValid species removed from the list of Chinese Eutrichotaschineri Eutrichotasocculata (Zetterstedt).A record from NE China by Lasiommaseminitidum Lasiommacraspedodontum (Xue) as clarified by Recorded from NE China by Heterotermafanjingensis WeiIdentity of Anthomyiidae a new genus Heteroterma for a new species fanjingensis based on 1 male, 1 female from Guizhou, China. On inspection of the original illustrations of the male and female terminalia it occurred to one of us (VM) that they might belong to a species of Scathophagidae rather than Anthomyiidae. Dr AL Ozerov, Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, was consulted and he immediately identified this nominal species that he did not know about beforehand. The nomenclatorial implications are summarized below.Scathophaga Meigen, 1803Genus Heteroterma Wei, 2006, syn. n.Syn.: Heteroterma Gabb, 1869 in Tudiclidae, a fossil gastropod family][name preoccupied by Scathophagacurtipilata Feng, 2002Heterotermafanjingensis Wei, 2006, syn. n.Scatomyzafansipanicola Ozerov in Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011, syn. n.Distribution. China: Sichuan, Guizhou; Vietnam : 5.Scatomyza Fall\u00e9n for a group of species previously recognized in Scathophaga Meigen. This is not followed here, as this may well result in a paraphyletic Scatophaga s. str.Taxonomic note. PageBreakAnthomyiidae in the preparation of the above supplementary catalogue of Anthomyiidae covering both mainland China and Taiwan. The anthomyiid fauna of mainland China comprises 675 species in 37 genera which corresponds to more than one-third of the known world fauna and 84% of the currently recognized anthomyiid genera. One genus  and c. 425 species of Anthomyiidae are presently regarded as endemic to mainland China; other 6 species are endemic to Taiwan. However, a revisional study of the difficult and species rich genus Botanophila in North America is still pending and may expectedly show that a substantial number of the species currently listed as endemic to China in reality are more widespread, northern Holarctic species.We have attempted to consult all relevant publications on Chinese As shown in the bar graph Fig. , species"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Won-Jae Chi. The correct citation is: Kim YP, Park D, Kim JJ, Chi W-J, Lee SH, et al. (2014) Effective Therapeutic Approach for Head and Neck Cancer by an Engineered Minibody Targeting the EGFR Receptor. PLoS ONE 9(12): e113442. doi:"}
{"text": "Muy-Teck Teh should not be listed in the author byline. The correct citation is: Schmidt BL, Kuczynski J, Bhattacharya A, Huey B, Corby PM, et al. (2014) Changes in Abundance of Oral Microbiota Associated with Oral Cancer. PLoS ONE 9(6): e98741. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098741"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Helen P. Makarenkova. The correct citation is: Collins-Hooper H, Sartori R, Giallourou N, Matsakas A, Mitchell R, Makarenkova HP, et al. (2015) Symmorphosis through Dietary Regulation: A Combinatorial Role for Proteolysis, Autophagy and Protein Synthesis in Normalising Muscle Metabolism and Function of Hypertrophic Mice after Acute Starvation. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0120524. doi:"}
{"text": "MycN Is Critical for the Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Crest Stem Cells. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0148062. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148062The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Zhihui Weng. The correct citation is: Zhang JT, Weng Z, Tsang KS, Tsang LL, Chan HC, Jiang XH (2016)"}
{"text": "A column is missing from Please see the additional references here.35. Haft DH, Selengut JD, Richter RA, Harkins D, Basu MK, et al. (2013) TIGRFAMs and Genome Properties in 2013. Nucleic Acids Res 41: D387-395.36. de Jong A, van Heel AJ, Kok J, Kuipers OP (2010) BAGEL2: mining for bacteriocins in genomic data. Nucleic Acids Res 38: W647-651."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Claire L. Alvim-Kamei. The correct citation is: Mansoori N, Timmers J, Desprez T, Alvim-Kamei CL, Dees DCT, Vincken J-P, et al. (2014) KORRIGAN1 Interacts Specifically with Integral Components of the Cellulose Synthase Machinery. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112387. doi:"}
{"text": "AbstractLuzonichthysseaver, n. sp., is described from two specimens, 42-46 mm standard length (SL) collected from Pohnpei, Micronesia. Collections were made by divers on mixed-gas closed-circuit rebreathers using hand nets at depths of 90-100 m. Luzonichthysseaver is distinct from all other species of the genus in the characters of lateral line scales, gill rakers, pelvic fin length, caudal concavity and coloration. Of the six species of Luzonichthys, it appears to be morphologically most similar to L.earlei and L.whitleyi. LuzonichthysAnthiinae, distributed throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific. The genus is distinguished from other anthiine genera in general body size and shape, and in possessing two fully separated dorsal fins, two opercular spines, and 11+15 vertebrae  within Naurua, also placing M.waiteiN.waiteiM.waiteiN.whitleyi as a replacement for Whitley and Colefax's species. Luzonichthys and suggested the two other species of Naurua may also belong to that genus. L.robustus from seven specimens taken from Mare, Loyalty Islands and one specimen from Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. L.earlei from specimens taken off Oahu, Hawaii and suggested that L.addisi and L robustus were junior synonyms of L.waitei, noting the type series of robustus included 4 different species of Luzonichthys, the holotype being L.waitei. Finally, in a revision of the genus Luzonichthys, L.taeniatus and L.williamsi. With the description of the new species, L.seaver herein, the number of recognized species within Luzonichthys is raised to seven.The genus ertebrae . The curcrolepis , L.taen.waitei , L.whitwhitleyi , and L.t as did  within tLuzonichthysseaver, were collected at Pohnpei, Micronesia by hand net from depths of 90-100 m and deposited in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu (BPBM). Measurements and counts given here follow the methods outlined in (Luzonichthys: L. earlei (n= 26), L. microlepis (n= 13), L. taeniatus (n= 8), L. waitei (n= 57), L. whitleyi (n=33), and L. williamsi (n= 8).Type specimens of the new species, lined in . Proportlined in  for the L.seaver. Total genomic DNA was extracted from both samples using the 'HotSHOT' protocol (\u200bhttp://www.geneious.com/\u200b\u200b). CO1 haplotypes were deposited in GenBank (accession numbers KP110513 and KP110514) and BOLD (dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-LSE001).Tissue samples were obtained from the two individuals of protocol . A 690-bprotocol \u200b: Fish-BCopus, Ka'apu-Lyons, and Pyle 2015sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:68D04709-50C1-48D5-820C-FA4EC1BEF301Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: 41205; recordedBy: Richard L. Pyle; individualID: afba0d7b-3eba-43a3-98a5-8edf341836d2; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; preparations: 55% Isopropyl; disposition: in collection; Taxon: taxonID: 68d04709-50c1-48d5-820c-fa4ec1bef301; scientificNameID: 68d04709-50c1-48d5-820c-fa4ec1bef301; acceptedNameUsageID: 68d04709-50c1-48d5-820c-fa4ec1bef301; parentNameUsageID: 5b101671-671b-4200-8b57-17c8548a7180; originalNameUsageID: 68d04709-50c1-48d5-820c-fa4ec1bef301; nameAccordingToID: edb2b394-7d15-42a5-ac89-d979af29aaa7; namePublishedInID: edb2b394-7d15-42a5-ac89-d979af29aaa7; scientificName: Luzonichthysseaver Copus, Ka'apu-Lyons and Pyle; acceptedNameUsage: Luzonichthysseaver Copus, Ka'apu-Lyons and Pyle sec Copus, Ka'apu-Lyons and Pyle; parentNameUsage: Luzonichthys Herre 1936; originalNameUsage: Luzonichthysseaver Copus, Ka'apu-Lyons and Pyle; nameAccordingTo: Luzonichthysseaver, a new species of Anthiinae  from Pohnpei, Micronesia. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4902.Copus J, Ka'apu-Lyons C, Pyle R (2015) ; namePublishedIn: Luzonichthysseaver, a new species of Anthiinae  from Pohnpei, Micronesia. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4902.Copus J, Ka'apu-Lyons C, Pyle R (2015) ; higherClassification: Animalia, Deuterostomia, Chordata, Craniata, Gnathostomata, Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Percoidei, Serranidae, Anthiinae, Luzonichthys; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Serranidae; genus: Luzonichthys; specificEpithet: seaver; taxonRank: species; verbatimTaxonRank: Species; scientificNameAuthorship: Copus, Ka'apu-Lyons and Pyle; vernacularName: Seaver Splitfin; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: higherGeography: Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean, Micronesia, Caroline Islands, Senyavin (Pohnpei) Islands; waterBody: Pacific Ocean; islandGroup: Caroline Islands; island: Ahnd (Ant) Atoll; country: Federated States of Micronesia; countryCode: FM; stateProvince: Pohnpei; locality: southwest end; verbatimLocality: Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean, Micronesia, Caroline Islands, Senyavin (Pohnpei) Islands, southwest end of Ahnd (Ant) Atoll; verbatimDepth: 90-100m; minimumDepthInMeters: 90; maximumDepthInMeters: 100; decimalLatitude: 6.79018; decimalLongitude: 158.034245; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 30; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Richard L. Pyle; dateIdentified: 08/01/2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Hand net; eventDate: 07/10/2014; year: 2014; month: 7; day: 10; habitat: rock outcrop along steep slope at top of drop-off; Record Level: modified: 2014-10-29T23:30:00Z; language: en; collectionID: http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1001; institutionCode: BPBM; collectionCode: I; ownerInstitutionCode: BPBM; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: 41206; recordedBy: Richard L. Pyle; individualID: ff70b774-16f8-4469-8229-b2e0a9b655fa; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; preparations: 55% Isopropyl; disposition: in collection; Taxon: taxonID: 68d04709-50c1-48d5-820c-fa4ec1bef301; scientificNameID: 68d04709-50c1-48d5-820c-fa4ec1bef301; acceptedNameUsageID: 68d04709-50c1-48d5-820c-fa4ec1bef301; parentNameUsageID: 5b101671-671b-4200-8b57-17c8548a7180; originalNameUsageID: 68d04709-50c1-48d5-820c-fa4ec1bef301; nameAccordingToID: edb2b394-7d15-42a5-ac89-d979af29aaa7; namePublishedInID: edb2b394-7d15-42a5-ac89-d979af29aaa7; scientificName: Luzonichthysseaver Copus, Ka'apu-Lyons and Pyle; acceptedNameUsage: Luzonichthysseaver Copus, Ka'apu-Lyons and Pyle sec Copus, Ka'apu-Lyons and Pyle; parentNameUsage: Luzonichthys Herre 1936; originalNameUsage: Luzonichthysseaver Copus, Ka'apu-Lyons and Pyle; nameAccordingTo: Luzonichthysseaver, a new species of Anthiinae  from Pohnpei, Micronesia. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4902.Copus J, Ka'apu-Lyons C, Pyle R (2015) ; namePublishedIn: Luzonichthysseaver, a new species of Anthiinae  from Pohnpei, Micronesia. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4902.Copus J, Ka'apu-Lyons C, Pyle R (2015) ; higherClassification: Animalia, Deuterostomia, Chordata, Craniata, Gnathostomata, Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Percoidei, Serranidae, Anthiinae, Luzonichthys; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Serranidae; genus: Luzonichthys; specificEpithet: seaver; taxonRank: species; verbatimTaxonRank: Species; scientificNameAuthorship: Copus, Ka'apu-Lyons and Pyle; vernacularName: Seaver Splitfin; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: higherGeography: Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean, Micronesia, Caroline Islands, Senyavin (Pohnpei) Islands; waterBody: Pacific Ocean; islandGroup: Caroline Islands; island: Ahnd (Ant) Atoll; country: Federated States of Micronesia; countryCode: FM; stateProvince: Pohnpei; locality: southwest end; verbatimLocality: Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean, Micronesia, Caroline Islands, Senyavin (Pohnpei) Islands, southwest end of Ahnd (Ant) Atoll; verbatimDepth: 90-100m; minimumDepthInMeters: 90; maximumDepthInMeters: 100; decimalLatitude: 6.79018; decimalLongitude: 158.034245; geodeticDatum: WGS84; coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: 30; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Richard L. Pyle; dateIdentified: 08/01/2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Hand net; eventDate: 07/10/2014; year: 2014; month: 7; day: 10; habitat: rock outcrop along steep slope at top of drop-off; Record Level: modified: 2014-10-29T23:30:00Z; language: en; collectionID: http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:1001; institutionCode: BPBM; collectionCode: I; ownerInstitutionCode: BPBM; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenDorsal rays X,16, the first two soft rays simple; anal rays III,7, the first spine very small and difficult to detect; first ray simple; pectoral rays 21 (19), the upper most and lower most rays simple; branched pelvic rays I,5; branched caudal rays 13; simple upper and lower segmented caudal rays 4; upper and lower procurrent caudal rays 13; lateral line scales 63 (64); scales above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 5; scales below lateral line to origin of anal fin 12; gill rakers 8+19 (8 +18)  in SL, and compressed, the width 1.83 1.25) in BD; head length 3.54 (3.41) in SL; snout short and bluntly rounded, 4.0 (3.86) in HL. Orbit diameter 3.43 (3.8) in HL; the least width of interorbital space 3.0 (3.38) in HL; caudal peduncle depth 2.4 (2.45) in HL; caudal peduncle length about twice its depth, 1.09 (1.23) in HL. Mouth terminal and oblique, the maxilla reaching posterior to rear edge of pupil but not posterior to rear edge of orbit; the upper jaw length 1.6 (1.93) in HL; corners of maxilla rounded, its greatest depth about equal to pupil diameter. Opercle with 2 flat spines, the lower acute, in line with center of eye and opercular flap, the upper spine at dorsal end of gill opening poorly developed. Lateral line only slightly arched above pectoral fin, gradually descending below soft portion of dorsal fin, straightening toward the peduncular region; scales on body ctenoid; head scaled except snout; dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins naked; caudal fin with small scales extending about three-fourths distance to posterior margin; basal fifth of pectorals with small scales. Origin of dorsal fin above eighth lateral-line scale; first dorsal spine short, 8.0 (9.0) in head; fourth dorsal spine longest, 2.4 (2.45) in HL; longest dorsal soft ray 2.4 (2.45) in HL; origin of anal fin below base of sixth dorsal soft ray; first anal spine very short, about 12(13.5) in HL; second anal spine 6.0 (6.75) in HL; first anal soft ray very slender and only partly segmented, 2.4 (2.7) in HL; longest anal soft ray 2.0 (2.45) in HL; caudal fin forked, with filamentous rays, the fin length 4.05 (3.83) in SL, the caudal concavity 8.5 (8.36) in SL; middle pectoral rays longest, 3.86 (4.38) in SL; origin of pelvic fins below lower base of pectorals; second pelvic soft ray longest, 5.67 (6.57) in SL , yellow extending posteriorly on upper half of body from a line starting at approximately the tip of the opercular flap and top of pectoral fins to the eighth dorsal ray, fading to bright pink posteriorly. Operculum to lower half of body salmon pink. Pectoral and pelvic fins pale. Dorsal fins yellow with bases of rear dorsal rays pink. Anal fin rays yellow with pale membranes. Upper and lower base of caudal fin pink, extending posteriorly to approximately halfway to the tips; center of base of caudal fin white, fading to pale; posterior half of caudal fin yellow. Lower base of caudal peduncle with yellow band Fig. .Color of holotype in alcohol: Pale, all fins colorless except the caudal which has purple spots on the base of each of the upper and lower segments, the upper extending anteriorly, dorsally on the caudal peduncle.Dorsal rays X,16; anal rays III,7; pectoral rays 19-21; lateral line scales 63-54; gill rakers 8+18-19; Body moderately elongate, the depth 3.86-4.6 in SL; head length 3.41-3.54 in SL; snout 3.86-4.0 in HL; caudal fin forked, with filamentous rays, caudal concavity 8.36-8.5 in SL; pectoral fins 3.86-4.38 in SL; pelvic fins 5.67-6.54 in SL.seaver, as a noun in apposition, for the Seaver family in recognition of support from the Seaver Institute for marine research.Named L.seaver were collected from Pohnpei, Micronesia. A single larva of what may be this species (98.2-99.5% similarity at CO1) was collected in Moorea, French Polynesia , and in the distinctive color pattern on the caudal fin . We have examined enough individuals of L.earlei from many localities to confirm that these color characteristics do not vary signigicantly within that species. Morphologically, it differs from all other species except L.earlei in number of lateral line scales , and from all other species except L.whitleyi in caudal concavity . It further differs from all other species except L.earlei, L.waitei and L.taeniatus in number of gill rakers , and from L.williamsi and L.microlepis in number of anal-fin spines and rays , as well as snout length, orbit diameter, and caudal peduncle depth  snout length (L.whitleyi), and head length (L.earlei) (Table Luzonichthys. The CO1 barcodes produced in this study represent the first sequences publicly available for this genus, aside from the afore mentioned and previously unclassified larval specimen from Moorea.lei Fig. ; however"}
{"text": "The second author\u2019s name is listed incorrectly in the citation of the article. The correct name is: Annie Elong Ngono. The correct citation is: Degauque N, Elong Ngono A, Akl A, Lepetit M, Crochette R, et al. (2013) Characterization of Antigen-Specific B Cells Using Nominal Antigen-Coated Flow-Beads. PLoS ONE 8(12): e84273. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084273"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: van Bracht E, Versteegden LRM, Stolle S, Verdurmen WPR, Woestenenk R, Raav\u00e9 R, et al. (2014) Enhanced Cellular Uptake of Albumin-Based Lyophilisomes when Functionalized with Cell-Penetrating Peptide TAT in HeLa Cells. PLoS ONE 9(11): e110813. doi:"}
{"text": "The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Renata Schama. The correct citation is: Monteiro FA, Schama R, Martins AJ, Gloria-Soria A, Brown JE, et al. (2014) Genetic Diversity of Brazilian Aedes aegypti: Patterns following an Eradication Program. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(9): e3167. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003167"}
{"text": "Children with chronic diseases and parents often perceive disease impact differently. We previously found moderate correlations between child-parent reports of Simple Measure of Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters (SMILEY).To examine the correlation between child and parent health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores in an expanded sample from the United States (US) and Latin America (LA).A cross-sectional multicenter cohort of children (\u2264 18 years) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and parents completed the specific translation of SMILEY and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic scales. Higher scores indicate better HRQOL for both scales. Independent and paired samples t-test were used to compare scores. We examined Spearman's correlation (rho) and intra-class correlation (ICC) between child and parent scores.Mean child-  and parent-report  total SMILEY scores were higher for LA subjects. Some SMILEY domain scores ; and child-report PedsQL total scores were also higher for LA subjects. US and LA child-report scores of SMILEY and PedsQL were higher (p < 0.05) compared to corresponding parent-report scores. For child-parent pairs, correlatons ranged from 0.3-0.7  Pfizer (2012) (not related to current study), R. Cuttica: None declared, C. Magalhaes: None declared, J. Sato: None declared, S. Appenzeller Grant/Research Support from: Fundacao de Amparo de Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2008/02917-0, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Pesquisa CNPQ (not related to current study), R. Marini: None declared, C. Len: None declared, M. Vasco: None declared, S. Oliveira Grant/Research Support from: Roche and Novartis (not related to current study), M. Rodrigues: None declared, R. Almeida: None declared, F. Sztajnbok: None declared, L. Campos: None declared, A. Jesus: None declared, C. Silva: None declared, E. Faugier: None declared, L. Cobian: None declared, A. Quintero-Del-Rio: None declared, A. Adams Grant/Research Support from: Spoke once for Abbot in 2009 (not related to the current study), L. Barinstein: None declared, E. Chalom: None declared, K. Onel: None declared, J. Lopez-Benitez: None declared, L. Ray: None declared, K. Haines: None declared, P. Hashkes: None declared, V. Cartwright: None declared, D. Kingsbury: None declared, N. Singer: None declared, I. Tomanova-Soltys: None declared, S. Hong: None declared, A. Reiff: None declared, T. Lehman: None declared."}
{"text": "There is an error in reference 22. The correct reference is: Peeters M, Price TJ, Cervantes A, Sobrero AF, Ducreux M, Hotko Y, et al. Randomized phase III study of panitumumab with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan(FOLFIRI) compared with FOLFIRI alone as second-line treatment in patients with metastaticcolorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Nov 1;28(31):4706-13."}
{"text": "Metabolites is instituting annual awards to recognize the most outstanding papers in metabolism and metabolomics published in Metabolites.Metabolites Best Paper Awards\u201d. Nominations were selected by the Editor-in-Chief and several Editorial Board members of Metabolites from all original research articles published in 2013 or 2014.We are pleased to announce the recipients of the first \u201cMetabolites Best Paper Awards\u201d for 2015. I congratulate all of the authors and thank them for their significant and important contributions to the field of metabolism and metabolomics. In recognition of their accomplishment, Dr. Larissa Stanberry, Dr. Royston Goodacre and Dr. Anne-Christin Hauschild will receive the privilege of publishing a paper free of charge in open access format in Metabolites, respectively, after the usual peer-review procedure. I also thank the members of the Selection Committee for their efforts.We are pleased to announce that the following three papers were chosen to receive \u201cArticle AwardFirst PrizeLarissa Stanberry, George I. Mias, Winston Haynes, Roger Higdon, Michael Snyder and Eugene KolkerIntegrative Analysis of Longitudinal Metabolomics Data from a Personal Multi-Omics ProfileMetabolites2013, 3(3), 741-760; doi:10.3390/metabo3030741http://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/3/3/741/htmAvailable online: Second PrizePiotr S. Gromski, Yun Xu, Helen L. Kotze, Elon Correa, David I. Ellis, Emily Grace Armitage, Michael L. Turner and Royston GoodacreInfluence of Missing Values Substitutes on Multivariate Analysis of Metabolomics DataMetabolites2014, 4(2), 433-452; doi:10.3390/metabo4020433http://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/4/2/433/htmAvailable online: Third PrizeAnne-Christin Hauschild, Dominik Kopczynski, Marianna D\u2019Addario, J\u00f6rg Ingo Baumbach, Sven Rahmann and Jan BaumbachPeak Detection Method Evaluation for Ion Mobility Spectrometry by Using Machine Learning ApproachesMetabolites2013, 3(2), 277-293; doi:10.3390/metabo3020277http://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/3/2/277/htmAvailable online: Award Selection CommitteeEditor-in-ChiefDr. Peter MeikleMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australiapeter.meikle@bakeridi.edu.auE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberDr. Jan BaumbachComputational Biology Department, Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense C, Denmarkjan.baumbach@imada.sdu.dk E-Mail: Editorial Board MemberDr. Aalim WeljieDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, 10-113 Translational Research Center, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USAaalim@mail.med.upenn.eduE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberProf. Dr. Pollen K.F. YeungPharmacokinetics and Metabolism Laboratory, 5968 College Street, Burbidge Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, CanadaPollen.Yeung@Dal.CaE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberDr. Wolfgang EisenreichTechnische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Department Chemie, Lichtenbergstra\u00dfe 4, 85747 Garching, Germanywolfgang.eisenreich@mytum.deE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberProf. Dr. Monica ColittiDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISA) via delle Scienze, 206 - 33100 Udine Italymonica.colitti@uniud.itE-Mail:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Toshiaki A. Furukawa. The correct citation is: Tomitaka S, Kawasaki Y, Ide K, Yamada H, Miyake H, Furukawa TA (2016) Distribution of Total Depressive Symptoms Scores and Each Depressive Symptom Item in a Sample of Japanese Employees. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0147577. doi:"}
{"text": "PLoS ONE 11(6): e0157583. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157583The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Amanda J. Scopelliti. The correct citation is: Subramanian N, Scopelliti AJ, Carland JE, Ryan RM, O\u2019Mara ML, Vandenberg RJ (2016) Identification of a 3"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Abdhalah Ziraba. The correct citation is: Kerubo G, Khamadi S, Okoth V, Madise N, Ezeh A, Ziraba A, et al. (2015) Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1 Coinfection in Two Informal Urban Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0129247. doi:"}
{"text": "We would like to request a correction to the author listing. The following changes should be made in respect to the original publication of this article .\u2020\u2021 Furen Zhuang \u2020 and Charlotte A. E. Hauser *Kamila Ogl\u0119cka kamila.oglecka@ntu.edu.sg (K.O.); fz230@cam.ac.uk (F.Z.)Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04\u201301, Singapore 138669; Email: \u2020 These authors contributed equally to this work.\u2021 Present address: Nanyang Technological University, SBS-02s-85, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551.chauser@ibn.a-star.edu.sg; Tel.: +65-6824-7108; Fax: +65-6478-9080.* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Email:"}
{"text": "There is an error in the spelling of the third author\u2019s name. The correct name is: Liqun Yu.The correct citation is: Liu R, Jin P, Yu L, Wang Y, Han L, et al. (2014) Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics in Diabetic Skeletal Muscle. PLoS ONE 9(3): e92810. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092810"}
{"text": "Bacillus anthracis Diversity and Geographic Potential across Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad: Further Support of a Novel West African Lineage. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(8): e0003931. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003931The sixth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct spelling is: Vincent Perreten. The correct citation is: Blackburn JK, Odugbo MO, Van Ert M, O\u2019Shea B, Mullins J, Perreten V, et al. (2015)"}
{"text": "AbstractHymenoptera listed 1169 species and subspecies of aculeate wasps, including 173 species of Pompilidae, seven of Scoliidae, 39 of Sphecidae and 403 of Vespidae. Herein are reported 32 species as new for Peru based mainly on the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. The loss of the endemic status of two species is also reported: Entypusperuvianus (Rohwer) (Pompilidae: Pepsinae) and Omicronruficolleschunkei Giordani Soika (Vespidae: Eumeninae).The first checklist of the Peruvian  Pompilidae, Scoliidae and Vespidae together with other seven families have been included in Vespoidea, while Sphecidae has been positioned in Apoidea, both included in HymenopteraAculeata  of them belonging to Pompilidae, Scoliidae, Sphecidae and Vespidae. In addition, it included 226 endemic species for Peru, with 50 Pompilidae, one Scoliidae, two Sphecidae and 67 Vespidae.Aculeata . RasmussPompilidae includes approximately 5,000 species worldwide, with 850 neotropical species among 56 genera  larvae, while species of Chloriontinae have been recorded as predators of Gryllidae (Orthoptera) and Blattaria, Sceliphrinae as predator of Araneae and Blattaria, and Sphecinae as predators of Orthoptera  and Dr. Gavin Broad (curator of the Vespoidea collection)), with some sporadic records from other institutions, as follows: American Museum of Natural History , Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Letras e Ci\u00eancias Exatas da Universidade Estadual de S\u00e3o Paulo , Instituto Fundaci\u00f3n Miguel Lillo , Museu Paraense Em\u00edlio Goeldi , Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia  and Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History . Species identification of Pompilidae and Sphecidae deposited in the NHM and included herein were confirmed. Dubious identification were not included in the present list. For Scoliidae and Vespidae, only specimens labeled with specialist\u2019s identification were included. In this way, only species of Scoliidae determined by the Dr. James Chester Bradly (1884\u20131975) or Dr. Johan George Betrem (1899-1980) were considered. These two entomologists were the two main specialists in Scoliidae. All identification deposited in AMNH, IBILCE-UNESP, IFML, MPEG, MSNVE, MZUSP and USMN was confirmed. In addtition,The checklist of Pompilidae, Scoliidae and Vespidae are placed in Vespoidea and Sphecidae in Apoidea with three subfamilies, differing from Sphecidae. For Pompilidae, Epipompilus in Epipompilinae and Notocyphus in Notocyphinae. The Vespidae tribe classification was based on Hermes et al. (2014).The present checklist is organized alphabetically, following , AmazonasAM; , AncashAN; , Apur\u00edmacAP; , ArequipaAR; , CajamarcaCA; , CallaoCL; , CuscoCU; , Hu\u00e1nucoHU; , HuancavelicaHV; , Jun\u00ednJU; , LambayequeLA; , LimaLI; , La LibertadLL; , LoretoLO; , Madre de DiosMD; , PascoPA; , PiuraPI; , San MartinSM; , UcayaliUC.All new records are assigned a cross (\u2020). Abbreviations for the departments of Peru used in the present checklist are the same as in Pompilidae, three of Scoliidae, five of Sphecidae and four of Vespidae, and more than 250 records are new for Peruvian departments or lacalities. Moreover, seven species of Vespidae have been described by Protopolybiadiligens (Smith). Based on the taxonomic update and the present compilation, 1196 species of HymenopteraAculeata are now known PageBreakfor Peru  rufiventris (Fabricius), is recorded for the first time for Peru.In total, 32 species are recorded for the first time from Peru, 20 species of NHM\u2019s collection includes specimens of Entypusperuvianus (Rohwer) from Argentina and Bolivia, indicating that it is not a Peruvian endemic species. Another taxon that has lost its endemic status is Omicronruficolleschunkei Giordani Soika, which has been recorded in Brazil in this work.In addition, the Specimen data. ARGENTINA: 1\u2640, S. de Estero, 37-47k. S.e. Anatuya, 20.xi.1979, C. & M. Vardy [NHM]. 1\u2640 and 1\u2642, Salta, Or\u00e1n, Abra Grande, x.18\u201325 1968, C. Porter [NHM]. 1\u2640 and 1\u2642, Salta, Or\u00e1n, Abra Grande, x.18\u201325 1968, C. Porter [NHM]. BOLIVIA: 1\u2640, La Paz, Zongo Valley, Cahua, 1400m, 22\u201323.vi.1979, M. Cooper, B.M. 1979-397 [NHM]. 3\u2640\u2640, La Paz, Coroico, 20.v.1989, 1200m, M. Cooper, 1979-216 [NHM]. 1\u2640, La Paz, Chulumani, 1700m, 25.iii.1979, M. Cooper, B.M. 1979-216 [NHM].Specimen data. BRAZIL: 5\u2640\u2640, SP, Pindorama, 21\u00b013'27\"S 48\u00b055'35\"W, 08/viii/2014, Soleman, R.A. col. [IBILCE-UNESP]Pompilidae from Colombia  cuzco Evans), and Polistinae (Vespidae) from Brazil (Protopolybiachanchamayensis Bequaert) that were regarded as endemic by Polistinae , and Eumeninae (Pararhaphidoglossacarpenteri Cooper) that are known only from Peru. These aspects indicate the hymenopteran fauna of several South American regions are still poorly sampled, and new collecting efforts and identification efforts of already collected material should increase the number of species recorded for Peru.Futhermore, PageBreakChloriontinaeChlorion Latreille, 1802viridicoeruleum Lepeletier & Seville, 1828\u2020: UC SceliphrinaePenepodium Menke in Bohart & Menke, 1976gorianum : UC romandinum : UC Podium Fabricius, 1804 [Kohl 1902]agile Kohl, 1902\u2020: UC denticulatum Smith, 1856: UC kohlii Zavattari, 1908: UC rufipes Fabricius, 1804\u2020: UC SphecinaeSphex Linnaeus, 1758Sphex Linnaeus, 1758Subgenus: nitidiventris Spinola, 1853\u2020: UC tinctipennis Cameron, 1888\u2020: CU , HU (Previsto), UC (B. Abad)CeropalinaeCeropales Latreille, 1796Bifidoceropales Priesner, 1969Subgenus: isoldesubsp.isolde \u2020: LL (Trujillo)Irenangelus Schulz, 1906reversus : UC (B. Abad)EpipompilinaeEpipompilus Kohl, 1884williamsi \u2020: PA (Oxapampa)PepsinaeAgenielliniAgeniella Banks, 1912Alasagenia Banks, 1944Subgenus: fortipes  \u2020: UC PageBreakpilifrons  \u2020: HU (Monz\u00f3n-Rondos River), JU (Chanchamayo), UC Ageniella Banks, 1912Subgenus: ruficeps  \u2020: UC Auplopus Spinola, 1841deceptor  \u2020: HU (Cord. Azul)Priocnemella Banks, 1925hexagonasubsp.omissa Banks, 1946: HU (Tingo Mar\u00eda), JU (Chanchamayo), UC PepsiniCaliadurgus Pate, 1946pretiosus \u2020: PA (Oxapampa)Entypus Dahlbom, 1843decoloratus \u2020: HU (Monz\u00f3n)dumosus \u2020: LA (Jayanca), LI (Matucana), LL gigas \u2020: UC molestus : Endemic, LA (Lambayeque), LI (Matucana), LL nitidus : HU (Cayumba)peruvianus : CU PompilinaeAporiniAporus Spinola, 1808Aporus Spinola, 1808Subgenus: cuzco Evans, 1973: CU (Urubamba River)Neoplaniceps Bradley, 1944Subgenus: umbratilis Evans, 1966: CU (Urubamba), HU (Tingo Mar\u00eda)Notoplaniceps Bradley, 1944Subgenus: canescens Smith, 1873: MD (Pantiacolla)Euplaniceps Haupt, 1930varia Bradley, 1944: CU , UC (B. Abad)PompiliniAnoplius Dufour, 1834Anopliodes Banks, 1939Subgenus: varius : HU , UC (B. Abad)PageBreakAnoplius Dufour, 1834Subgenus: ambatoensis \u2020: CU (Urubamba), LI (Chosica)Arachnophroctonus Howard, 1901Subgenus: inculcatrix : JU (Chanchamayo), LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera)Austrochares Banks, 1947elsinore Banks, 1947: Endemic, CL (Ventanilla), LA , LL Balboana Banks, 1944auripennis : CU (Quincemil), HU (Tingo Mar\u00eda), UC manifestata  \u2020: LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera)Evagetes Lepeletier, 1845copiosus Banks, 1947\u2020: CU (Cusco)Paracyphononyx Gribodo, 1884unicolor  \u2020: CU , HU (Tingo Mar\u00eda), JU (Chanchamayo)Poecilopompilus Howard, 1901rubricatus : LA , LI , LL Priochilus Banks, 1944captivum \u2020: LO , PA (Pichis), UC formosus Banks, 1944: CU (Quincemil), JU (Chanchamayo), SM (Nuevo Progreso)gloriosumsubsp.gloriosum \u2020: JU (Chanchamayo), UC gracillimus  ): HU (Tingo Mar\u00eda), UC pectoralis  : CA (Ja\u00e9n), LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera), MD , UC .regiussubsp.regius : HU , JU (Chanchamayo), UC ruficoxalis \u2020: UC sericeifrons : CU (Quincemil), HU , UC .splendidulumsubsp.splendidulum : HU , LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera), UC .veraepascis : LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera).PageBreakTachypompilus Ashmead, 1902pallidus Banks, 1947: Endemic, LI (Chosica), LL NotocyphinaeNotocyphus Smith, 1855crassicornis Smith, 1864\u2020: JU (Chanchamayo), LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera), UC .laetabilis \u2020: UC .multipicta Smith, 1873\u2020: LO (Est. Jenaro Herrera), UC saevissimus Smith, 1855\u2020: UC thetis Banks, 1945\u2020: CU , UC CampsomerinaeCampsomeris Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1839Aelocampsomeris Bradley, 1957Subgenus: variegata Fabricius, 1793: JU (Chanchamayo)Lissocampsomeris Bradley, 1957Subgenus: arneohirta \u2020: JU (Chanchamayo), UC (B. Abad)wesmaeli \u2020: CU , HU (Monz\u00f3n \u2013 Rondos River), JU (Chanchamayo), UC ScoliinaeScolia Fabricius, 1775Hesperoscolia Bradley, 1974Subgenus: rufiventris \u2020: JU (Chanchamayo), UC .EumeninaeEumeniniBrachymenes Giordani Soika, 1961wagnerianus : UC (Cord. Azul).Eumenes Latreille, 1802Zeteumenoides Giordani Soika, 1972Subgenus: filiformis : MDPageBreakOmicron de Saussure, 1855paranymphum : UC (Previsto)Pachymenes de Saussure, 1852consuetus Giordani Soika, 1990: MD, JU (Chanchamayo) ghilianii Spinola, 1851: MD ; =peruanus Schrottky, 1911 \u2013 see Grandinete et al. 2014)orellanae : HU (Tingo Mar\u00eda), LO (Iquitos), MD (Res. Nac. Tambopata), UC (B. Abad) , = orellanaesubsp.vardyi Giordani Soika, 1990 \u2013 see Grandinete et al. 2014)Pararhaphidoglossa von Schulthess, 1910carpenteri Cooper, 2013: Endemic, LO (Iquitos) flavicornis Zik\u00e1n, 1949 , JU (Satipo) [(Satipo) flavoniger Zik\u00e1n, 1949: JU (Chanchamayo) [chamayo) tayacaja Silveira, 2013: HV (Campo Armi\u00f1o) [ Armi\u00f1o) PolistiniPolistes Latreille, 1802Aphanilopterus Meunier, 1888Subgenus: claripennis Ducke, 1904: UC deceptor Schulz, 1905: JU (Chanchamayo), SM (Rioja), UC maranonensis Willink, 1964: AM (Utcubamba)pacificussubsp.modestus Smith, 1868\u2020: HU (Tingo Mar\u00eda)testaceicolor Bequaert, 1937: UC"}
{"text": "PLoS ONE 9(4): e95149. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095149The fifth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Wenzheng Zhang. The correct citation is: Berrout J, Mamenko M, Zaika OL, Chen L, Zhang W, Pochynyuk O, et al. (2014) Emerging Role of the Calcium-Activated, Small Conductance, SK3 K"}
{"text": "The correct name is Lars Melholt Rasmussen. The correct citation is: Aune Westergaard Hansen G, Ludvigsen M, Jacobsen C, Cangemi C, Rasmussen LM, Vorum H, et al. (2015) Fibulin-1C, C1 Esterase Inhibitor and Glucose Regulated Protein 75 Interact with the CREC Proteins, Calumenin and Reticulocalbin. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0132283. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Abraham Aseffa. The correct citation is: Manigart O, Trotter C, Findlow H, Aseffa A, Mihret W, Moti Demisse T, et al. (2016) A Seroepidemiological Study of Serogroup A Meningococcal Infection in the African Meningitis Belt. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0147928. doi:"}
{"text": "The fourth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Travor Mabugu. The correct citation is: Phillips A, Cambiano V, Nakagawa F, Mabugu T, Miners A, et al. (2014) Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Drug Resistance Testing to Inform Switching to Second Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Low Income Settings. PLoS ONE 9(10): e109148. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109148."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Appolinaire Djikeng. The correct citation is: Ndunguru J, Sseruwagi P, Tairo F, Stomeo F, Maina S, Djikeng A, et al. (2015) Analyses of Twelve New Whole Genome Sequences of Cassava Brown Streak Viruses and Ugandan Cassava Brown Streak Viruses from East Africa: Diversity, Supercomputing and Evidence for Further Speciation. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0139321. doi:"}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name is incorrect in the citation. The correct name is: Villena JA. The correct citation is: Bogdanov P, Corraliza L, Villena JA, Carvalho AR, Garcia-Arum\u00ed J, et al. (2014) The db/db Mouse: A Useful Model for the Study of Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration. PLoS ONE 9(5): e97302. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097302"}
{"text": "During 2006\u20132013, the percentage of physicians using any EHR system increased 168%, from 29.2% in 2006 to 78.4% in 2013. Nearly half of physicians (48.1%) were using the more comprehensive \u201cbasic system\u201d by 2013, up from 10.5% in 2006.Source: Hsiao CJ, Hing E. Use and characteristics of electronic health record systems among office-based physician practices: United States, 2001\u20132013. NCHS data brief no. 143. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2014. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db143.pdf.Reported by: Esther Hing, MPH, ehing@cdc.gov, 301-458-4271; Chun-Ju Hsiao, PhD."}
{"text": "After the publication of , the autIn the introduction and conclusion sections, there are references to using IGF-1 in human neuronal models of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. The correct reference for this study is:Shcheglovitov A, Shcheglovitova O, Yazawa M, Portmann T, Shu R, Sebastiano V, Krawisz A, Froehlich W, Bernstein JA, Hallmayer JF, Dolmetsch RE. SHANK3 and IGF1 restore synaptic deficits in neurons from 22q13 deletion syndrome patients. Nature. 2013 Nov 14;503(7475):267\u201371. doi: 10.1038/nature12618. Epub 2013 Oct 16. PubMed PMID: 24132240"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Lucile Mercadal. The correct citation is: Mercadal L, Metzger M, Haymann JP, Thervet E, Boffa J-J, Flamant M, et al. (2014) The Relation of Hepcidin to Iron Disorders, Inflammation and Hemoglobin in Chronic Kidney Disease. PLoS ONE 9(6): e99781. doi:"}
{"text": "T2Rax-CreER Knock-In Mice: A Tool for Selective and Conditional Gene Deletion in Progenitor Cells and Radial Glia of the Retina and Hypothalamus. PLoS ONE 9(4): e90381. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090381The third author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Ana L. Miranda-Angulo. The correct citation is: Pak T, Yoo S, Miranda-Angulo AL, Wang H, Blackshaw S (2014)"}
{"text": "Pinctada fucata. PLoS ONE 9(11): e113150. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113150The third, fifth, sixth, and seventh author\u2019s names are displayed incorrectly. The correct author list should display as follows: Liang Xiang, Wei Kong, Jing-Tan Su, Jian Liang, Gui-You Zhang, Li-Ping Xie and Rong-Qing Zhang. The correct citation is: Xiang L, Kong W, Su J-T, Liang J, Zhang G-Y, et al. (2014) Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Precipitation by Cellular Biomineralization in Mantle Cell Cultures of"}
{"text": "The third author's name is incorrectly missing her middle initial. The correct name is: Joanna M Davies. The correct citation is: Koffman J, Ho YK, Davies JM, Gao W, Higginson IJ (2014) Does Ethnicity Affect Where People with Cancer Die? A Population-Based 10 Year Study. PLoS ONE 9(4): e95052. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095052"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Nadia A. Longo Carbajosa. The correct citation is: Longo Carbajosa NA, Corradi G, Verrilli MAL, Guil MJ, Vatta MS, Gironacci MM (2015) Tyrosine Hydroxylase Is Short-Term Regulated by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in PC12 Cells and Hypothalamic and Brainstem Neurons from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Possible Implications in Hypertension. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0116597. doi:"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports5: Article number: 9886; 10.1038/srep09886 published online: 05282015; updated: 01202016.This Article contains an error in Affiliation 1. The correct affiliation is listed below:College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China"}
{"text": "The correct name is Maria D. Giraldez. The correct citation is: Schummer M, Thorpe J, Giraldez MD, Bergan L, Tewari M, Urban N (2015) Evaluating Serum Markers for Hormone Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer. PLoS ONE 10(11): e0142911. doi:"}
{"text": "The first author\u2019s name is listed incorrectly. The first author\u2019s correct name is You Li.Ambrosiodmus Ambrosia Beetles. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0137689. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137689The correct citation is: Li Y, Simmons DR, Bateman CC, Short DPG, Kasson MT, Rabaglia RJ, et al. (2015) New Fungus-Insect Symbiosis: Culturing, Molecular, and Histological Methods Determine Saprophytic Polyporales Mutualists of"}
{"text": "The fourth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Guillaume Chapelet.Additionally, Dr. Gilles Berrut should be included in the author byline. He should be listed as the fifth author, and his affiliation is 1: Department of Geriatrics, EA 1156\u201312, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.10.1371/journal.pone.0119043The correct citation is: Rouaud A, Hanon O, Boureau A-S, Chapelet G, Berrut G, de Decker L (2015) Comorbidities against Quality Control of VKA Therapy in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A French National Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0119043. doi:The publisher apologizes for the error."}
{"text": "There is an error in the title where Hepatoblastoma was misspelled. The correct title is: Hesperidin Induces Paraptosis Like Cell Death in Hepatoblastoma, HepG2 Cells: Involvement of ERK1/2 MAPK.The correct citation is: Yumnam S, Park HS, Kim MK, Nagappan A, Hong GE, et al. (2014) Hesperidin Induces Paraptosis Like Cell Death in Hepatoblastoma, HepG2 Cells: Involvement of ERK1/2 MAPK. PLoS ONE 9(6): e101321. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101321"}
{"text": "Three references are omitted from the References list, but are cited in the text of the article. The authors have provided the references here:. Antiviral Res 100(1): 286-295. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.015. [Epub ahead of print]Hilgenfeld R, Peiris M (2013) From SARS to MERS: 10 years of research on highly pathogenic human coronavirusesHosseini A, Campbell G, Prorocic M, Aitken R (2004) Duplicated copies of the bovine JH locus contribute to the Ig repertoire. Int Immunol 16: 843\u2013852.Sano A, Matsushita H, Wu H, Jiao J-A, Kasinathna P, Sullivan EJ, Wang Z, Kuroiwa Y (2013) Physiological Level Production of Antigen-Specific Human Immunoglobulin in Cloned Transgenic Cattle. PLoS ONE 8(10): e78119, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078119"}
{"text": "AbstractManual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas, the Flora of North America, and Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States; relevant voucher information; and, for most taxa, line drawings and/or photographs. For taxa collected from SCP, community types in which the taxa occur and estimates of abundance on site are also provided.Shaken Creek Preserve (\u201cSCP\u201d) is a 2,448 ha  natural area in Pender and Onslow Counties, North Carolina (U.S.A). Best known for its high-quality longleaf pine savanna habitat, the site contains seven savanna or savanna-like plant community types , three of which are globally critically imperiled (G1): Sandy Pine Savanna (Rush Featherling subtype), Wet Loamy Pine Savanna, and Very Wet Loamy Pine Savanna. SCP hosts three Federally Endangered plant species and six Federal Species of Concern. Formerly a private hunting club, the site was virtually unknown to scientists until the 1990s; consequently, few biological inventories of SCP have been conducted. In particular, no systematic floristic inventories of the species-rich savannas have been undertaken, despite the fact that floristic data is critical to the effective management of any natural area. The goals of this study were to (1) inventory the vascular flora of the savannas, flatwoods, and sandhill community types on site through the collection of voucher specimens; (2) provide a comprehensive checklist of the flora based on collections and reports made from the site and from the same or similar habitats in the vicinity ; and (3) create an illustrated guide based on the checklist. In order to increase the usefulness of the guide, taxa not currently known from SCP but collected or reported from the same or similar habitats within two miles of SCP, are included in the guide. Eighty-three families containing 450 taxa, including thirty-two Significantly Rare and thirty-eight Watch List taxa, were collected or reported from SCP; an additional seven families containing a total of 102 taxa, including eighteen Significantly Rare and seven Watch List taxa, were collected or reported from the vicinity. In total, ninety families containing 552 taxa, including fifty Significantly Rare and forty-five Watch List taxa, are treated in the guide. Dichotomous keys are provided to all vouchered or reported families, genera, and species. The following features are provided for all species and infraspecific taxa: flowering and fruiting phenology; synonymy with  Pinuspalustris Mill.) ecosystems (Shaken Creek Preserve (\u201cSCP\u201d) contains among the highest-quality savanna and flatwoods habitats known throughout the range of longleaf pine  tract located between 34.566\u00b0 and 34.611\u00b0N and 77. 614\u00b0 and 77.720\u00b0W in northeastern Pender County, North Carolina, with a small portion extending approximately 0.3 km into Onslow County Fig. .A small portion of SCP extends to the south of Shaken Creek, which otherwise forms the southern boundary of the property. The northeastern boundary follows Shelter Swamp Creek, while Flo Road west of its intersection with Williams Road forms the northwestern boundary Fig. . With a Sandy Run Savannas State Natural Area (\u201cSandy Run\u201d) is a 1,214 ha  site north of SCP  property south of SCP Fig. . It is oPrior to its purchase by The Nature Conservancy, the land comprising SCP was owned mostly by members of the Wallace Deer Club, a private hunting group established in the 1920s. The site was virtually unknown to scientists until 1997, when William Blanchard, a member of the Wallace Deer Club and part owner of the land, introduced it to Hervey McIver, a land manager and project coordinator with The Nature Conservancy. With permission from Blanchard, McIver and Richard LeBlond, then a botanist with the NC Natural Heritage Program, undertook the first preliminary surveys of the area and realized quickly that the site contained exceptionally high-quality savannas and numerous rare species. At the time, McIver was working with Blanchard to complete a deed to The Nature Conservancy for fifty acres Blanchard owned in the nearby Neck Savanna, now a tract within Sandy Run Savannas State Natural Area. Blanchard suggested that the land now comprising SCP should also be permanently conserved and eventually agreed to sell his shares of the property. However, purchasing SCP required not just the approval of Blanchard, but of all the approximately fifty landowners who inherited or purchased property rights to the site. After three years of negotiations, The Nature Conservancy closed on the property in 2007. Members of the Wallace Deer Club retained hunting rights to the property, but the site is now owned and managed by The Nature Conservancy.The excellent quality of many of the savannas on site, as evidenced by the abundance of rare species, the high species richness, and the absence of invasive species, can be directly attributed to the Wallace Deer Club, whose members frequently burned particular areas in order to maintain both the hunting quality and the aesthetic of the land. Evidence of disturbances other than fire in the savannas and flatwoods on site is limited to a few ditches and occasional \u201cborrow pits\u201d, relatively small holes dug to \u201cborrow\u201d the soil in order to regrade and maintain the dirt roads on the property. Based on the size of the canopy trees, many savannas and flatwoods appear to have been logged as recently as the 1980s, though few or no effects on the ground layer are apparent today. Overall, the habitat quality of the site  remains excellent .34.7\u00b0N, 77.383\u00b0W) at 4.9 m above sea level. Over the thirty-year period from 1971 to 2000, the average annual temperature was 17.1 \u00b0C, with a mean annual precipitation of 1,397 mm. Average daily maximum temperature was 23.1 \u00b0C, and average daily minimum temperature was 11 \u00b0C  at 16.7 m above sea level. Over the thirty-year period from 1971 to 2000, the average annual temperature was 17.7 \u00b0C, with a mean annual precipitation of 1,377 mm. Average daily maximum temperature was 24.2 \u00b0C, and average daily minimum temperature was 11.1 \u00b0C , is 235 days in Pender County and 210 days in Onslow County .Elevation at SCP ranges from 4 m (13 ft) to 12.9 m (42 ft) above sea level  loam, frequently flooded Poorly-drained soils on floodplains. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is loam in the upper 30 cm and sandy loam with thin strata of loamy sand or sand from 30 cm to 150 cm. These soils have a seasonal high water table between 15 cm and 46 cm below the soil surface and are frequently flooded for brief periods . This isPactolus (PaA) fine sand Moderately well-drained or somewhat poorly-drained soils in slight depressions in uplands and on low ridges on terraces. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is fine sand to 200 cm below the soil surface. These soils have a seasonal high water table between 46 cm and 76 cm below the soil surface and are not subject to flooding . This maHistosolsCroatan (Ct) muck Very poorly-drained soils on interstream divides. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is muck in the upper 89 cm, fine sandy loam between 89 cm and 114 cm, sandy clay loam between 114 cm and 191 cm, and fine sandy loam between 191 cm and 200 cm. These soils have a seasonal high water table at or near the soil surface for about six months and are rarely flooded for brief periods . This maInceptisolsTorhunta (To) mucky fine sandy loam Very poorly-drained soils on interstream areas and on stream terraces. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is mucky fine sandy loam in the upper 8 cm, fine sandy loam between 8 cm and 152 cm, and sandy loam and sand to 200 cm. These soils have a seasonal high water table between 15 cm and 46 cm below the soil surface and are rarely flooded for brief periods . This maSpodosolsLeon (LnA) fine sand Poorly-drained soils on interstream areas. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is fine sand to 200 cm below the soil surface. These soils have a seasonal high water table less than 30 cm below the soil surface and are not subject to flooding . This isMandarin (Ma) fine sand Somewhat poorly-drained soils on moderately elevated areas in interstream divides. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is fine sand in the upper 101 cm and sand between 101 cm and 200 cm. These soils have a seasonal high water table between 46 cm and 107 cm below the soil surface and are not subject to flooding . This maMurville (Mu) muck Very poorly-drained soils on interstream areas and in depressions. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is muck in the upper 8 cm, mucky fine sand between 8 cm and 28 cm, fine sand between 28 cm and 124 cm, loamy fine sand between 124 cm and 140 cm, and fine sand between 140 cm and 200 cm. These soils have a seasonal high water table less than 30 cm below the soil surface and are not subject to flooding . This maUltisolsBaymeade (BaB) fine sand Well-drained soils on low ridges and convex slopes in uplands. Slopes are 1\u20134%. Typical soil texture is fine sand in the upper 64 cm, fine sandy loam between 64 cm and 148 cm, and fine sand between 148 cm and 200 cm. These soils have a seasonal high water table between 122 cm and 152 cm below the soil surface and are not subject to flooding . The smaForeston (Fo) loamy fine sand Moderately well-drained soils on slightly convex interstream divides near shallow drainageways. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is loamy fine sand in the upper 33 cm, fine sandy loam between 33 cm and 102 cm, fine sandy loam with pockets of loamy fine sand between 102 cm and 140 cm, fine sandy loam with strata of loamy sand between 140 cm and 168 cm, and sandy clay loam with strata of sand and sandy loam between 168 cm and 200 cm. These soils have a seasonal high water table between 76 cm and 107 cm below the soil surface and are not subject to flooding . ScatterPantego (Pn) mucky fine sandy loam Very poorly-drained soils on interstream areas. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is mucky fine sandy loam in the upper 25 cm, fine sandy loam between 25 cm and 61 cm, sandy clay loam between 61 cm and 150 cm, clay loam with strata of sandy clay loam between 150 cm and 183 cm, and sandy clay loam with thin strata of loamy sand between 183 cm and 200 cm. These soils have a seasonal high water table within 46 cm of the soil surface and are rarely flooded for brief periods . This maStallings (St) loamy fine sand Somewhat poorly-drained soils on interstream areas and in shallow depressions on convex divides. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is loamy fine sand in the upper 30 cm, fine sandy loam between 30 cm and 114 cm, fine sandy loam with pockets of sandy clay loam between 114 cm and 168 cm, and sandy clay loam with thin layers of fine sandy loam between 168 cm and 200 cm. These soils have a seasonal high water table between 46 cm and 76 cm below the soil surface and are not subject to flooding . As withWoodington (Wo) fine sandy loam Poorly-drained soils on interstream areas and in depressions near drainageways. Slopes are 0\u20132%. Typical soil texture is fine sandy loam in the upper 43 cm and fine sandy loam with pockets or strata of loamy fine sand between 43 cm and 200 cm. These soils have a seasonal high water table between 15 cm and 30 cm below the soil surface and are not generally subject to flooding, though low areas may be subject to ponding for brief periods . This maSeven savanna, flatwoods, or sandhill plant community types were distinguished at SCP following As is true of most longleaf pine-dominated communities, all the community types treated herein are dependent on frequent, low-intensity fires to maintain their integrity Figs , 7.Though this work examines only savanna or savanna-like community types, it is worth noting that numerous other plant community types are present at SCP. Examples include Blackwater Bottomland Hardwoods (High subtype) along Shaken Creek and Shelter Swamp Creek, High Pocosin (Typic subtype) along the domed west-central portion of the property, and Pond Pine Woodland (Typic subtype and Canebrake subtype) along portions of Williams Road and Half Moon Road Fig. .In the following discussion community types are presented in order from driest to wettest . For each community type the most similar NatureServe association see  is proviPine/Scrub Oak Sandhill  [Pinuspalustris / Quercusincana / Aristidastricta - Sorghastrumnutans - Anthaenantiavillosa Woodland (CEGL003578)]. This community type is somewhat common in the Sandhills and outer Coastal Plain of North Carolina but is rare at SCP. Areas of this community type in which collection efforts have been made comprise approximately 4 ha (10 ac), all in the western portion of the property, particularly along Mule Pen Road. Associated soil series are Baymeade (Arenic Hapludult), Foreston , and Pactolus  Small, and QuercusmarilandicaM\u00fcnchh.var.marilandica. Understory species include Diospyrosvirginiana L., Gaylussaciadumosa (Andrews) Torr. & A. Gray, Gaylussaciafrondosa (L.) Torr. & A. Gray ex Torr., Sassafrasalbidum J. Presl, and Vacciniumtenellum Aiton. Vines are not abundant, but Gelsemiumsempervirens J. St.-Hil. and Smilaxglauca Walter are occasionally present. In the herb layer, Aristidastricta Michx. is abundant, and several dry-mesic species that are not found in the other communities ) occur, including Euphorbiaipecacuanhae L., Lespedezahirta(L.) Hornem.var.curtissii (Clewell) Isely, and Tragiaurens L.The canopy is dominated by This community type is similar to and grades into Mesic Pine Savanna , from which it is distinguished by a substantial component of scrub oaks and by a less diverse herbaceous layer that generally contains fewer legume species. Most examples on site are fire-suppressed; in some cases, fire has not occurred in at least twenty years. To what extent the abundance of oaks in these cases is due simply to fire suppression rather than other environmental factors is unclear. Overall, this community type is not degraded as quickly in the absence of fire as other, wetter community types, which are subject to more rapid shrub invasion.Mesic Pine Savanna  [Pinuspalustris / Amorphaherbaceavar.herbacea / Aristidastricta - Sorghastrumnutans Woodland (CEGL003569)]. This community type is uncommon in North Carolina and rare at SCP. Areas of this community type in which collection efforts have been made comprise approximately 3.6 ha (9 ac), with the largest tract along Indian Grave Road and smaller tracts north of Alligator Lake Road. Sporadic examples of this community type occur in slightly elevated areas within Wet Loamy Pine Savannas and Very Wet Loamy Pine Savannas; however, due to their small size, such examples are not mapped. The soil series most commonly associated with this community type is Pactolus (Aquic Quartzipsamment), though small areas of this commuity type are mapped as Woodington  Benth., which are generally absent in other communities. The diverse ground layer includes several species not known from other community types, including Danthoniasericea Nutt., Lecheaminor L., Lespedezaangustifolia (Pursh) Elliott, and Stylosanthesbiflora (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.The canopy is dominated by Pine/Scrub Oak Sandhill (Mesic Transition subtype), from which it is best distinguished by the absence of scrub oaks or their presence combined with wetland species, and a more diverse herbaceous layer that contains a relatively abundant and diverse component of legume species. It is distinguished from the Wet Pine Savanna community types by the lack of carnivorous plants species, the relative abundance and diversity of legume species, and the dominance of only one bunchgrass species, Aristidastricta, with little or no Sporoboluspinetorum Weakley & P.M. Peterson, no Cteniumaromaticum, and no Muhlenbergiaexpansa (Poir.) Trin.This community type is similar to Wet Pine Flatwoods  [Pinuspalustris / Ilexglabra / Aristidastricta Woodland (CEGL003648)] ] Fig. Pinuspalustris and Pinusserotina Michx., with occasional Pinustaeda L. In addition to those species listed for the preceding community types, the sometimes-dense shrub layer also contains species characteristic of wetter soils, such as Ilexglabra (L.) A. Gray, Kalmiacarolina Small, Lyoniamariana (L.) D. Don, Morellapumila (Michx.) Small, Rhododendronatlanticum (Ashe) Rehder, and Rhododendronviscosum (L.) Torr. Few vine taxa are present, though Smilaxlaurifolia L. is sometimes abundant. The dense herbaceous layer is dominated by Aristidastricta, usually with Vacciniumcrassifolium Andrews codominant. Pyxidantherabarbulata Michx. and Pteridiumaquilinum(L.) Kuhnvar.pseudocaudatum (Clute) A. Heller are often subdominant and, when abundant, are good indicators of this community type.The canopy consists of Pyxidantherabarbulata, Pteridiumaquilinumvar.pseudocaudatum, and Vacciniumcrassifolium; the absence or near-absence of bunchgrass species characteristic of wetter sites, particularly Cteniumaromaticum and Muhlenbergiaexpansa; the absence of carnivorous species (with the exception of species of Drosera L.); and an overall lower small-scale species richness. In fire-suppressed areas, it is often difficult to determine whether the natural community type is Wet Pine Flatwoods (Typic subtype) or one of the Wet Pine Savannas, though some insight can be obtained by searching for remnant bunchgrasses and carnivorous plants, particularly species of Sarracenia L.The use of the terms \u201cflatwoods\u201d and \u201csavannas\u201d is notoriously variable, and sometimes contradictory, from person to person. In general \u201cflatwoods\u201d has been used to designate savanna-like areas that are shrubbier and/or less floristically diverse than true savannas. This work follows Sandy Pine Savanna  [Pinuspalustris - Pinusserotina / Cteniumaromaticum - Muhlenbergiaexpansa - Carphephorusodoratissimus Woodland (CEGL003658)]. Relatively common in North Carolina, this community type is the most common Wet Pine Savanna community at SCP. It often occurs in a mosaic with the closely related Wet Pine Flatwoods (Typic subtype). In areas where these two community types co-occur, Wet Pine Flatwoods (Typic subtype) generally occurs on slightly-elevated, drier sites and Sandy Pine Savanna (Typic subtype) on sites that are somewhat lower and wetter. The total area occupied by this community type at SCP is estimated at 13 ha (33 ac), with another 24 ha (60 ac) existing in a mosaic with Wet Pine Flatwoods (Typic subtype). Associated soil series are Leon (Aeric haplaquod) and Mandarin , though shrub density is often somewhat lower. As above, vines are sparse, but Smilaxlaurifolia is sometimes abundant, particularly in unburned areas. The species-rich herbaceous layer usually contains all the species present in Wet Pine Flatwoods (Typic subtype) plus many more, including several grasses  Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb., Sporoboluspinetorum, and, less commonly, Cteniumaromaticum), carnivorous plants (Dionaeamuscipula J. Ellis and Sarraceniaflava L.), and other herbs (Osmundastrumcinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl and Polygalalutea L.).Canopy species are Pleeatenuifolia Michx. is often found in Sandy Pine Savanna (Typic subtype), occurrences are scattered, and the species as a whole comprises only a minor component of the flora. In the closely-related Sandy Pine Savanna (Rush Featherling subtype), Pleeatenuifolia is a dominant species, generally as or more abundant than any single bunchgrass species. Sandy Pine Savanna (Typic subtype) can be distinguished from Wet Loamy Pine Savanna and Very Wet Loamy Pine Savanna by its coarser-textured soils and by the absence of a suite of species characteristic of wetter, richer sites, including Chaptaliatomentosa Vent., Cirsiumvirginianum (L.) Michx., Eryngium spp., Lysimachialoomisii Torr., Polygalahookeri Torr. & A. Gray, Polygalaramosa Elliott, and many species of Rhynchospora Vahl.While Sandy Pine Savanna  [Pinuspalustris - Pinusserotina / Pleeatenuifolia - Aristidastricta Woodland (CEGL003661)] ] Fig. Pleeatenuifolia, whose abundant white flowers in early autumn give rise to the colloquial community name \u201cSnow in September.\u201d The thick rhizomes of Pleeatenuifolia produce dense, broad clumps that create a somewhat hummocky topography. Species richness and diversity are sometimes lower in the Rush Featherling subtype than in the Typic subtype due to the sheer dominance of Pleeatenuifolia. The environmental factors responsible for this community type are unclear. At SCP both the Rush Featherling and Typic subtypes occur on Leon soils and in close proximity to one another. However, the author has noticed that Pleeatenuifolia is sometimes abundant in local depressions within the Typic subtype, an observation that suggests that Pleeatenuifolia possibly favors wetter soils. Perhaps, then, the Rush featherling subtype has a somewhat higher water table than the Typic subtype, though this hypothesis has not been tested.This community type is very similar to Sandy Pine Savanna (Typic subtype); both share the same canopy and vine species and most of the same herb species. However, the Rush Featherling subtype is distinguished by the dominance of Wet Loamy Pine Savanna  [Pinuspalustris - Pinusserotina / Cteniumaromaticum - Muhlenbergiaexpansa - Rhynchosporalatifolia Woodland (CEGL003660)] ] Fig. aPinuspalustris and Pinusserotina, with occasional Pinustaeda. The sparse to nearly absent understory consists of species similar to other Wet Pine Savanna community types. Vines are scarce, though several Smilax species treated in this work have been collected in thickets along the roadside edge of Wet Loamy Pine Savannas. The herbaceous layer is very diverse and generally includes all taxa present in the Sandy Pine Savanna communities plus many other taxa. Among bunchgrasses, Cteniumaromaticum, Muhlenbergiaexpansa, and Sporoboluspinetorum dominate or co-dominate with Aristidastricta. Herbs that are often present in Wet Loamy Pine Savannas but not in Sandy Pine Savannas include Chaptaliatomentosa, Cirsiumvirginianum, Eryngium L. spp., Lysimachialoomisii, Polygalahookeri, Polygalaramosa, and many Rhynchospora spp.The canopy is dominated by EriocaulondecangulareL.var.decangulare, Lachnocaulonanceps  Morong, and Taxodiumascendens Brongn.) and by the absence of a suite of rare species .As their names imply, both Loamy Pine Savanna community types are distinguished from Sandy Pine Savanna community types by somewhat finer-textured soils. In general, finer-textured soils are more fertile than and have a higher water-holding capacity than coarser-textured soils\u2014conditions that would seem to be favorable to the growth of most plant species. These environmental factors may explain, at least partially, the exceptionally high species richness of the Loamy Pine Savanna communities . Wet LoaVery Wet Loamy Pine Savanna  [Pinuspalustris - Pinusserotina / Magnoliavirginiana / Sporobolusteretifolius - Carexstriata Woodland (CEGL004500)] ] Fig. bPinuspalustris is often less abundant. Taxodiumascendens, not usually found in the other communities, also frequently occurs. Shrub species that are more common in this community type than in others include Morellacerifera (L.) Small and Ilexmyrtifolia Walter. Vines are generally uncommon, though Mikaniascandens (L.) Willd. and Toxicodendronradicans(L.) Kuntzevar.radicans are more likely to be found in this community type, particularly along swampy margins or in unburned sites, than in other community types. The herbaceous layer may include all taxa present in other Wet Pine Savannas plus an additional suite of rare species: Allium species 1, Carexlutea, and Thalictrumcooleyi, all of which are strong indicators for this community type. Aristidastricta is often scarce or even entirely absent, replaced by other bunchgrass species, particularly Muhlenbergiaexpansa. Many wetland herbs that are sometimes found in Wet Loamy Pine Savannas are often much more abundant in Very Wet Loamy Pine Savannas. Examples inlcude Carexstriata Michx., Chaptaliatomentosa, and Eryngium spp. Boggy species, like Eriocaulondecangularevar.decangulare and Lachnocaulonanceps, which are restricted to borrow pits and depressions in other community types, are also more likely to occur in the savannas proper of this community type.Canopy species include those of other Wet Pine Savannas, though Globally, Very Wet Loamy Pine Savannas have a small, patchy distribution, and the environmental factors responsible for their occurrence are unclear. As noted by either reported by the various sources in habitats other than those studied in the present thesis or, in the case of the county records obtained through the Southeastern Flora Atlas, taxa whose habitat description in A preliminary list of plant taxa reported from SCP by herbarium.ncsu.edu), where available for use by the scientific community. Specimen determinations were made by Robert Thornhill and were verified by the following: Richard LeBlond (Dichanthelium), Dr. Jon Stucky , and Dr. Alexander Krings . A list of all voucher specimens and associated data (except location data for rare or over-collected taxa) can be found in Suppl. material Field work began in August 2010 and continued through October 2012. In order to capture the floristic diversity of SCP throughout the growing season, collecting trips (N=81) were made approximately weekly from mid-March 2011 through November 2011, biweekly from December 2011 to February 2012, weekly from early March 2012 through early September 2012, and biweekly from early September 2012 through mid-October 2012. Collecting efforts in 2011 centered on the extensive Wet Pine Savanna and Wet Pine Flatwoods community types along Flo Road and Half Moon Road Fig. . VoucherFollowing the completion of field work, herbarium research, and a digital querying of rare taxa reports within 2 miles of SCP , -T = Throughout, -P = Periphery of Range, -O = Other; W = Watch List: W1 = rare but relatively secure, W2 = rare but taxonomically questionable, W5B = exploited plants, W7 = rare and poorly known. FEDERAL STATUS: E = Endangered; FSC = Federal Species of Concern. STATE RANK: SH = historical ; S1 = Critically imperiled, 1\u20135 populations in state; S2 = Imperiled, 6\u201320 populations in state; S3 = Vulnerable, 21\u2013100 populations in state; S4 = Apparently secure, 101\u20131000 populations in state; S5 = Secure, 1001+ populations in state. GLOBAL RANK: G1 = Critically imperiled, 1\u20135 populations in world; G2 = Imperiled, 6\u201320 populations in world; G3 = Vulnerable, 21\u2013100 populations in world; G4 = Apparently secure, 101\u20131000 populations in world; G5 = Secure, 1001+ populations in world; T# = Global rank of a subspecies or variety; Q = Questionable taxonomy; ? = Uncertain. ; MPS-CP = Mesic Pine Savanna ; WPF-T = Wet Pine Flatwoods (Typic subtype); SPS-T = Sandy Pine Savanna (Typic subtype); SPS-RF = Sandy Pine Savanna (Rush Featherling subtype); WLPS = Wet Loamy Pine Savanna; VWLPS = Very Wet Loamy Pine Savanna. For taxa not collected or reported from SCP but collected in the vicinity by es sensu  in whiches sensu : PSOS-MTNotes: Within each \"notes\" section, several bits of information are provided in the following order: 1) an estimate of abundance adadpted from Flora of North America Project, and Allium species 1, Coreopsis species 1, Scleria species 1, and Xyris species 1. The remaining two taxa\u2013Dichanthelium species 3 and Dichanthelium species 12\u2013were recognized by previous authors (see synonymy for those taxa in the checklist); however, the appropriate combination has yet to be made within Dichanthelium.Based on field observations by the senior author, instances of known hybridization appear to be rare in the flora.  One notable exception, however, is Sarracenia\u00d7catesabaei Elliott (= Sarraceniaflava L. \u00d7 Sarraceniapurpurea L.). (See the key to Sarracenia for a discussion of hybridization within that genus.) Hybrids are nottreated as separate taxa in this guide.Six taxa included in this guide bear numeric \"placeholder\" epithets, as currently listed in Poaceae); a key to herbaceous eudicotyledonous taxa with simple, opposite, more-or-less ovate leaves ; and a vegetative key to frequently confused ericaceous subshrubs (following the key to genera of Ericaceae). Keys were adapted from Flora of North America treatments, Dichotomous keys were created to all taxa collected or reported from savannas, flatwoods, or sandhill community types in SCP and the vicinity . The order of the keys follows that of the checklist . In addition, three \u201cauxiliary keys\u201d are provided: a vegetative key to common savanna bunchgrasses  symbol. These taxa are not, however, formally treated in this work  and are not included in summary statistics. Additionally, forty-four taxa that are not known from the habitats treated in this work but that often occur in roadsides or other disturbed areas immediately adjacent to such habitats, are also included in the keys, where indicated by a double-dagger (\u2021) symbol. These taxa, too, are neither formally treated in this work nor included in the summary statistics. Finally, though only one exotic taxon is reported in this work, several of the forty-four aforementioned taxa (those strictly of roadsides or disturbed areas) are exotic  MooreWet pine savannas , borrow pits, ditches.Occasional. May-Sep. Thornhill 752, 876 (NCSU). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 78 (WNC!). .(L.) Sm.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , borrow pits, ditches, roadsides.Frequent. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 570, 597, 616, 798 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 149 (WNC!). (Clute) A. HellerPine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , roadsides.Pteridiumaquilinum(L.) Kuhnssp.pseudocaudatum (Clute) Hult\u00e9n sensu Weakley]Abundant. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 836, 1425 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 148 (WNC!). Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 232, 785, 850 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 509 (WNC!). Occasional. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 810, 851 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 515 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 508 (WNC!).Willd.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , ditches.OsmundaregalisL.var.spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray sensu RAB, FNA; = Weakley]Occasional. Mar\u2013Jun. Thornhill 202, 300 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 112 (WNC!). Frequent. Mar\u2013May. Thornhill 201, 223, 255 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 75 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 67806  C. MorrenWet pine savannas .Infrequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1480 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 124 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Sorrie 6385 (NCU!). (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.Depressions in pine savannas, ditches, borrow pits.Rare. Mar\u2013Apr; Oct\u2013Nov. Thornhill 757 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Sieren 3676 (WNC!), Taggart SARU 69 (WNC!); Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Weakley 7219 (NCU!). L.Thickets along roadside edges of wet pine savannas.Juniperusvirginiana L. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Rare. Jan\u2013Feb; Oct\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1381 (NCSC). Frequent. Mar\u2013Apr; Oct. Thornhill 474 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53703 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 245 (WNC!). Infrequent. Jan\u2013Feb.; Oct\u2013Nov. Planted on site as a timber tree prior to site\u2019s purchase by The Nature Conservancy. Thornhill 1554 (NCSC). : Taggart SARU 20 (WNC!). Michx.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Abundant. Apr; Aug (or any time of the year in response to fire). Thornhill 472 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 63779 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 18 (WNC!). L.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Mar\u2013Apr; Oct\u2013Nov. Thornhill 471, 1026 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 53 (WNC!). L.Mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP).YuccafilamentosaL.var.filamentosa sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. Late Apr\u2013early Jun; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1011 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 157 (WNC!). (L.) L.Swampy margins of wet pine savannas .Infrequent. Apr\u2013Jun. Thornhill 190 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 436 (WNC!).  Mart.Depressions in wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (WLPS), borrow pits, roadsides.Infrequent. Jul\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1472 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 651 (WNC!). Michx.Pine savannas.Uvulariapuberulavar.nitida). Early Apr\u2013early May; Aug\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 46  C.B. ClarkePine savannas.Jul\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53633 (DUKE!). Steud.W1; S3, G3.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Apr\u2013May. Reported from Sandy Run by Schwein. & Torr.Depressions in wet pine savannas (SPS-T), borrow pits, ditches.Infrequent. May\u2013Jun. Thornhill 532, 1271 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 275 (WNC!). ElliottWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , borrow pits, ditches.Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 12, 620, 692, 1100 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 486 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53685 (DUKE!).  Calder & Roy L. TaylorWet pine savannas (VWLPS).Carexleptalea Wahlenb. sensu RAB; = FNA; = CarexleptaleaWahlenb.var.harperi  sensu Weakley]May\u2013Jun. Reported from Sandy Run [Watkins] by Willd. ex Spreng.Wet pine savannas .CarexfolliculataL.var.australis L.H. Bailey sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. May\u2013Jul. Thornhill 369, 456, 462, 463, 1395 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 606 (WNC!). Liebm. ex Steud.W1; S2S3, G5T5.Dry woodlands.CarexalbicansWilld. ex Spreng.var.australis (L.H. Bailey) Rettig sensu FNA; = Weakley]Late Mar\u2013May. Reported from Sandy Run by Michx.Wet pine savannas , borrow pits, ditches.Carexstriatavar.brevis). Occasional. May\u2013Jun. Thornhill 1272, 1280, 1290 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 607 . May\u2013Jun. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve (in pertinent habitats) by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Sorrie 6395 .Infrequent. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1361 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 575 (WNC!). (Muhl.) Torr.SR-O; S3, G5.Wet pine savannas (WLPS).Rare. Jul\u2013Sep. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by L.Pine savannas.Jul\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve (in perintent habitats) by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 659 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53635 (DUKE!). (L.) BrittonDepressions in wet pine savannas (WLPS), ditches.Dulichiumarundinaceum (L.) Britton sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1387, 1532 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 232 (WNC!). (Elliott) Torr.W1; S3, G4.Borrow pits.Rare. Jun\u2013Sep. LeBlond 4988 (NCU!), Thornhill 279 (NCSC). Torr.Depressions in wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T) and wet pine savannas , borrow pits, ditches.Eleocharismicrocarpa Torr. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 18, 505, 723, 1432 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 621 (WNC!). Jun\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55285 (DUKE!). : Taggart SARU 555 (WNC!). (Michx.) VahlWet pine savannas .Fimbristylisspadicea (L.) Vahl sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 326, 373, 518 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 194 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Levy s.n. (DUKE!). Infrequent. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 736, 737, 852 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 381 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53687  Spreng.Wet pine savannas (WLPS).Rare. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1533 (NCSC). Hook. & Arn. ex Torr.SR-P; S1, G5.Wet pine savannas (SPS-T), adjacent roadsides.Scirpuskoilolepis (Steud.) Gleason sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Rare. May\u2013Jun. Thornhill 1263 (NCSC). Infrequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1363 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 442 (WNC!). ElliottWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 729, 733, 868, 959, 1345 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 369 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53656, 53657, 53683 (DUKE!). A. GrayWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , ditches.Rhynchosporacephalanthavar.pleiocephala); Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart 81 ; Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 635 (WNC!). Frequent. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 9, 661, 721, 735, 783, 796, 822 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 385 , adjacent roadsides.Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 15, 814, 901 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 505 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57612, 57615 (DUKE!). M.A. CurtisWet pine savannas .Occasional. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 777, 809, 1505 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 518 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57616, 57622 (DUKE!). (Michx.) C. MohrWet pine savannas , wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 397, 506, 511, 654 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 386 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57609 (DUKE!). (L.) H. Pfeiff.Wet pine savannas .Dichromenacolorata (L.) H. Pfeiff. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. May\u2013Sep. Thornhill 319, 328, 441, 484, 684 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 173 (WNC!). Jul\u2013Sep. Reported from Sandy Run [Neck] by GalePine savannas.Jul\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: LeBlond 2260 (NCU!). Chapm.State T, FSC; S1S2, G3G4.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Rare. Jul\u2013Aug. Thornhill 1390 (NCSC). (Michx.) VahlWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (SPS-RF).Rhynchosporafascicularisvar.distans). Infrequent. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 659 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 516 , Taggart SARU 612 (WNC!). (Michx.) VahlWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Jun\u2013Sep. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by A. GrayWet pine savannas .Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 396, 635, 697, 727, 811 (NCSC). Naczi, W.M. Knapp & G. MoorSR-P; S2S3, G3G4.Wet pine savannas (SPS-RF).Rhynchosporabreviseta). Infrequent. Jul\u2013Sep. LeBlond 6111 (NCU); Thornhill 784 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 666  SmallWet pine savannas (VWLPS), adjacent roadsides.Rhynchosporaglobularis(Chapm.) Smallvar.globularis sensu FNA; = Weakley]Infrequent. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 252 (NCSC). Jul\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 533 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 473 (WNC!). (Michx.) VahlWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 633, 645, 652, 655, 695 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53640, 53670 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 519 (WNC!).  W.W. ThomasWet pine savannas , ditches, borrow pits.Dichromenalatifolia), Wilbur 53697 . Occasional. May\u2013Sep. Thornhill 11, 356, 451, 529 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 185 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Levy s.n. , borrow pits.Rhynchosporamacrostachyavar.macrostachya); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53684 (DUKE!). Infrequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 918 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 256 .Infrequent. Jul\u2013Aug. Thornhill 517, 731 (NCSC). (Britton) Britton ex SmallPine savannas.Jul\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: LeBlond 2387 (NCU!). BrittonDepressions in wet pine savannas (VWLPS), ditches.Rhynchosporamixta was reported from savannas in Sandy Run by Rare. Jun\u2013Aug. More commonly a species of swamps and marshes, (Vahl) A. GrayW1; S3, G4?.Wet pine savannas (WLPS), ditches, borrow pits.Psilocaryanitens (Vahl) Alph. Wood sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Jul\u2013Aug. Thornhill 17, 931 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 415 (WNC!). M.A. CurtiW1; S3, G3.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Infrequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 14, 663 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 215 (WNC!). Britton & SmallSR-T; S2, G5?T3?.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Rhynchosporaglobularis (Chapm.) Small sensu RAB; = Rhynchosporaglobularis(Chapm.) Smallvar.pinetorum  Gale sensu FNA; = Weakley]Infrequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 515 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 473 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 239 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart 27 (NCU!); Wilbur 57623 (DUKE!). Chapm. ex M.A. CurtisWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Rhynchosporaintermixta C. Wright sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 24, 504, 507, 566, 860 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 372 (WNC!). (Torr.) Griseb.W1; S3, G4.Pine savannas.Psilocaryascirpoides Torr. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Jul\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Wilbur 57613 (DUKE!), Wilbur 57619 (DUKE!). A. GrayWet pine savannas .Occasional. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 8, 775, 779 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 317 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53638, 53646, 53647 (DUKE!). Boeck.W1; S3, G5.Wet pine savannas (SPS-T).Infrequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 16 (NCSC). (Vahl) PallaWet pine savannas (WLPS), adjacent roadsides.Scirpusamericanus (Pers.) sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. Mid-May\u2013Jun; Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 767 (NCSC). : Taggart SARU 313 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53662 (DUKE!). Michx.State T; S2, G4.Pine savannas.Scirpusfontinalis R.M. Harper sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]May\u2013Jul. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 670 (WNC!). Michx.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Scleriaciliata Michx. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. May\u2013Aug. Thornhill 1138, 1318, 1514 (NCSC). May\u2013Aug. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by CoreW1; S3, G4.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Jun\u2013Aug. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by (Britton) W. StoneWet pine savannas .Infrequent. Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 786, 1406, 1582 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 253 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: LeBlond 2058 (NCU!). Steud.Wet pine savannas .Scleriareticularis Michx. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 927, 939, 1107 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 667 (WNC!). Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1413 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 370 (WNC!). Michx.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Scleriatriglomerata Michx. sensu RAB, FNA; = Weakley]Occasional. May\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1321, 1322, 1323, 1360 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 329 (WNC!). L.Swampy margins of wet pine savannas (VWLPS).DioscoreavillosaL.var.villosa, DioscoreavillosaL.var.hirticaulis (Bartlett) H.E. Ahles sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Rare. Apr\u2013Jun; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 975 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 501 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 165 (WNC!). Frequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 437, 466, 499, 512, 634, 660, 662, 717, 802 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55306  MorongDepressions in wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T) and pine savannas .Lachnocaulonbeyrichianum). Frequent. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 338, 438, 446, 452, 464, 498, 586 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 120 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55298 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 217  RuhlandW1; S3, G5.Pine savannas, flatwoods, and adjacent ditches.May\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Holly Shelter: LeGrand s.n. (NCU!). (Lam.) DandyDepressions in wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T) and pine savannas , ditches.Frequent. Jun\u2013early Sep; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 370, 447, 493, 494, 495, 496 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Wyland s.n. (NCSC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53676 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 221 (WNC!). (L.) A. GrayW5B; S5, G5.Ecotone between mesic pine savanna (MPS-CP) and pond pine woodland.Rare. Mar\u2013May; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1274 (NCSC). RoseWet pine savannas .Hypoxishirsuta(L.) Covillevar.leptocarpa (Engelm. & A. Gray) Brackett sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Mar\u2013Jun; May\u2013Jul. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by (L.) CovilleWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Hypoxishirsuta(L.) Covillevar.hirsuta sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Frequent. Mar\u2013Jun; May\u2013Jul. Thornhill 105, 140, 254 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 34 (WNC!). Occasional. Apr; May. The specimens collected by the author lack seeds, which are the most accurate means of distinguishing this species from (Baker) BrackettWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Hypoxismicrantha Pollard sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Mar\u2013Apr; Apr\u2013May. Thornhill 36, 157, 244 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 255 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 175 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Levy s.n. (DUKE!), Wilbur 55316 (DUKE!). L.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Mar\u2013May; May\u2013Jun. Thornhill 76, 77, 89, 99, 100 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 45 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 60085 (DUKE!). L.Margins of wet pine savannas  and adjacent swamps, borrow pits, ditches.Irisvirginica L. sensu RAB, FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Apr\u2013May; Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 241 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 110 (WNC!).  by Mill.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Occasional. Mar\u2013Jun; May\u2013Jul. Thornhill 195, 1401 (NCSC). E.P. BicknellPine savannas and adjacent roadsides.Sisyrinchiumfuscatum E.P. Bicknell sensu FNA; = Weakley]Mar\u2013Jun; Jun\u2013Aug.). Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55244, 55281, 55323, 55324 (DUKE!). Occasional. Mar\u2013Jun; Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 187, 196, 221, 372, 394 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 74 (WNC!). Occasional. Mar\u2013Jun; May\u2013Jun. Thornhill 111, 127, 138, 191, 192, 194, 208 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 178 (WNC!). [< Michx.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).May\u2013Aug. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55304 (DUKE!). ElliottWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Juncusmarginatus). Frequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 455, 461, 627, 853, 1372 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 318 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 632  and adjacent roadsides.Juncusbufoniusvar.bufonius); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55313 (DUKE!). Occasional. Jun\u2013Nov. Thornhill 297 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 300 .Rare. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 19 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 618 (WNC!). Mack.Wet pine savannas (SPS-RF), adjacent roadsides.Infrequent. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 957 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 610 (WNC!). ElliottWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Juncusdichotomus Elliott, Juncusplatyphyllus (Wiegand) Fernald sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Frequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 286, 339, 340, 453, 575 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 259 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53663 (DUKE!). [> BuckleyWet pine savannas (VWLPS).May\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55286 (DUKE!).  H\u00e4met-AhtiDisturbed areas in wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), adjacent roadsides.Juncuseffusus L. sensu RAB, FNA; = Weakley]Rare. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1339 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 257 (WNC!). Rostk.Depressions in wet pine savannas (WLPS).Juncusmarginatus Rostk. sensu FNA; = Weakley]Infrequent. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1374 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53693, 57628 (DUKE!). : Taggart SARU 298 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53666, 55284 (DUKE!). E. Mey.Depressions in wet pine savannas (VWLPS), borrow pits.Juncusabortivus). Infrequent. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 854, 933, 1125, 1191 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57693 .Juncuspolycephalus Michx. sensu RAB, FNA; = Weakley]Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 247, 344, 780 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 167 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53714 (DUKE!). : Taggart SARU 229 (WNC!). R.M. HarperWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Juncusscirpoides Lam. sensu RAB, FNA; = Weakley]Infrequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 934 (NCSC). Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 781 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 633 (WNC!). CovilleDisturbed, wet areas in wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), roadsides, ditches.Juncusvalidus Covile sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 465, 856 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57630 (DUKE!). Occasional. Mid Jun\u2013mid Sep; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 664, 673 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 463 (WNC!). Rare. May\u2013Jul; Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1400 (NCSC). Frequent. Apr\u2013early Jun; late May\u2013Jul. Thornhill 275, 354, 487, 492 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 174 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Levy s.n.  W.T. AitonWet pine savannas .Melanthiumvirginicum L. sensu RAB, FNA; = Weakley]Infrequent. Jun\u2013Aug; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1010 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 646 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57658 (DUKE!). : Taggart SARU 365 (WNC!), Wilbur 53706, 57661 (DUKE!). WalterWet pine savannas .Occasional. Mid May\u2013Jul; Aug. Thornhill 426, 535, 536 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 309 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck] Wilbur 53674 (DUKE!). L.W5B; S5, G5.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Late Apr\u2013early Jun; Jul\u2013Aug. Thornhill 248, 274, 291, 324, 382, 385 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 121 (WNC!), Wilbur 55294 (DUKE!). SmallWet pine savannas (VWLPS).Rare. Apr\u2013mid Jun; May\u2013Jul. Thornhill 556 (NCSC).  AmesWet pine savannas .Occasional. Apr\u2013early May. Thornhill 162, 188, 189, 193, 206 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 105 (WNC!). Chapm.Wet pine savannas .Occasional. May\u2013Jul. Thornhill 322, 399, 408 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 179 (WNC!). (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.Wet pine savannas .Calopogonpulchellus R. Br. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. Apr\u2013Jul. Thornhill 421 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 187 (WNC!). Infrequent. May\u2013mid Jun. Thornhill 386 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 587 .Cleistesbifaria  Catling & Gregg), but no specimens have been seen by the senior author. May\u2013Jul. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by LeBlond  Lindl.W1; S3?, G4G5.Wet pine savannas (SPS-RF).Habenariablephariglottis(Willd.) Hook.var.blephariglottis sensu RAB; = Platantherablephariglottis(Willd.) Lindl.var.blephariglottis sensu FNA; = Weakley]Rare. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1521 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: Wilbur 9425 (DUKE!); Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 424 (WNC!). Jul\u2013Sep. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by (Michx.) Lindl.Wet pine savannas (SPS-RF).Habenariacristata); Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 360 (WNC!). Rare. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1448 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: Wilbur 9438  A. Gray ex L.C. BeckSC-V; S2, G3G4.Wet pine savannas (SPS-RF).Habenariaintegra). Jul\u2013Sep. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by (Nutt.) LuerState T; S1, G5.Pine savannas.Habenarianivea (Nutt.) Spreng. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]May\u2013Sep. Reported from Sandy Run by (L.) Ker Gawl.Wet pine savannas .Rare. Mar\u2013Jun. Thornhill 1286 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 190 (WNC!). (L.) Rich.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Spiranthescernua(L.) Rich.var.cernua sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Jul\u2013Nov. Thornhill 489, 1173, 1356 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 543 (WNC!). (Bigelow) LuerPine savannas.Spiranthesgracilis(Bigelow) Beckvar.gracilis sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Aug\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 285 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 177 (WNC!). Lindl.State E; S1, G3.Pine savannas.Late Oct\u2013Dec. Reported within a two-mile radius of Shaken Creek Preserve by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program   S. WatsonPine savannas .Spiranthespraecox  S. Watson sensu RAB, FNA; = Weakley]Rare. Mar\u2013Jul. Thornhill 1301 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 589 (WNC!).  Tuck.SR-T; S2, G4.Wet pine savannas .Agrostisperennans  Tuck. sensu RAB, FNA; = Weakley]Occasional. Oct\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1060, 1076, 1132, 1164, 1192 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: LeBlond 2595, 4655, 4672 (NCU!), Taggart SARU 550 (WNC!). Occasional. Mar\u2013Jul. Thornhill 226, 287, 299, 332, 406, 413 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Old Maple Hilll Road: Wilbur 55268 (DUKE!). Infrequent. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1021 (NCSC). Occasional. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 23, 821 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 538 (NCU!). Occasional. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1113, 1118, 1196 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 647 .Occasional. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 690, 848, 1040, 1098 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 408 (WNC!), Wilbur 8391 (DUKE!). Steud.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Andropogonvirginicus L. sensu RAB; = Andropogonglomeratusvar.glaucopsis (Elliott) C. Mohr sensu FNA; = Weakley]Occasional. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 21, 1119, 1160 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 489 (WNC!). Frequent. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1064, 1151, 1157, 1162, 1218, 1219, 1241, 1243, 1244 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 541 (WNC!). Occasional. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1065, 1154, 1165, 1200 (NCSC). Sep\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 539 (WNC!). Infrequent. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1051, 1246 (NCSC). Infrequent. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1193, 1247 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57638 , adjacent roadsides.Andropogonvirginicus L. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 20, 1112, 1194, 1195, 1217 (NCSC). Occasional. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 808, 1216, 1245 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 3 (WNC!). Frequent. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 53, 687, 812, 857, 878, 981 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 433 (WNC!). Occasional. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 631, 776, 788, 1059 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: LeBlond 2586 (NCU!). Abundant. Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 653, 820, 1020, 1072 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: Wilbur 9429 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 1 (WNC!). Frequent. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 641, 787, 858, 912, 913, 964 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 451 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 551  Muhl.Wet pine flatwoods.Apr\u2013Jul. AI199Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve (in the relevant habitats) by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 564 (WNC!).  Muhl.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Arundinariagigantea  Muhl. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Frequent. Apr\u2013Jul. Thornhill 916, 917, 1281 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 161 (WNC!). : LeBlond 1937 . Occasional. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 865, 973, 1033, 1094, 1242 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 432  Hack. ex Scribn. & Southw.W1; S3, G4.Wet pine savannas (SPS-RF).Infrequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 640, 648, 963, 1063 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: Wilbur 9424 (DUKE!). (L.) YatesWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Uniolalaxa (L.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 647, 738, 774, 1198 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 273 (WNC!). Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 813, 877 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 490 (WNC!), Wilbur 57655  SorengWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.PanicumancepsMichx.var.anceps). Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 962, 1108, 1474 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 435  SorengWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.PanicumancepsMichx.var.rhizomatum (Hitchc. & Chase) Fernald sensu RAB; = PanicumancepsMichx.ssp.rhizomatum (Hitchc. & Chase) Freckmann & Lelong sensu FNA; = Weakley]Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 782, 1054, 1110 (NCSC). Occasional. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 980, 1107, 1127, 1152 (NCSC). Frequent. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 13, 26, 936, 1126, 1159, 1221 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 540  Alph. WoodWet pine savannas .Abundant. Jun\u2013Aug(\u2013later in response to fire). Thornhill 318, 449, 539, 649, 877 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: Wilbur 9430 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Hancock]: Ahles 58375 (NCU!), Taggart SARU 242 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Levy s.n. (DUKE!), Wilbur 53694 (DUKE!). Nutt.Mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP).DanthoniasericeaNutt.var.sericea sensu RAB; < FNA; = Weakley]Infrequent. Apr\u2013Jun. Thornhill 1288 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Old Maple Hill Road: Wilbur 67108 (DUKE!). May\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 653 (WNC!). Infrequent. May\u2013Aug. Thornhill 272 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55307  Gould & C.A. ClarkBorrow pits within and roadsides adjacent to wet pine savannas.Panicumlanuginosum Elliott sensu RAB; = Dichantheliumacuminatum(Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clarkssp.lindheimeri (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong sensu FNA; = Weakley]May\u2013Sep. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by (Hack. ex Hitchc.) CorrellState E; S1S2, G2G3.Wet pine savannas .Panicumdichotomum L. sensu RAB; < Dichantheliumdichotomum(L.) Gouldssp.roanokense (Ashe) Freckmann & Lelong sensu FNA; = Weakley]Rare. Jun\u2013Oct. LeBlond 4851 (NCU); Thornhill 1308 (NCSC). Infrequent. Apr\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1297 (NCSC). Rare. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1494 (NCSC). Occasional. Apr\u2013Sep. Thornhill 246, 285, 296, 1295 (NCSC). Infrequent. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 312 (NCSC). Occasional. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 273, 347, 960 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Sorrie 6381 (NCU!), Taggart SARU 609 (WNC!). May\u2013Oct. Reported from near Sandy Run by  GouldPine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , roadsides.Panicumensifolium Baldwin ex Elliott sensu RAB; = Dichantheliumensifolium Gouldssp.ensifolium sensu FNA; = Weakley]Frequent. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 276, 288, 361, 400, 1161, 1294 (NCSC). Frequent. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 268, 402, 928, 1293, 1309 (NCSC). Occasional. May\u2013Sep. Thornhill 250, 401, 440, 1220, 1306, 1310, 1347 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 654 (WNC!). Occasional. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 257, 279, 289, 1313, 1506 (NCSC). May\u2013Oct. Reported from Sandy Run [Neck] by (Elliott) Gould & C.A. ClarkW1; S2S3, G5T5.Wet pine savannas (WLPS).Panicumovale Elliott sensu RAB; = Dichantheliumovale(Elliott) Gould & C. A. Clarkssp.ovale sensu FNA; = Weakley]Rare. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1401 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 537 (WNC!). Frequent. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 407, 618, 688, 691, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 544 (WNC!). Occasional. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 571, 643, 791 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53642 (DUKE!). May\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 609 .Panicumlancearium). Occasional. May\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1298, 1315, 1325 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55275  GouldWet pine savannas (VWLPS), adjacent roadsides.Panicumsphaerocarpon). Infrequent. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 773, 1416 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 542 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: LeBlond 2262 (NCU!), Wilbur 55280  FreckmannWet pine savannas (WLPS).Panicumciliatum Elliott sensu RAB; = Dichantheliumstrigosum(Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmannssp.leucoblepharis (Trin.) Freckmann & Lelong sensu FNA; = Weakley]May\u2013Oct. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by (Muhl. ex Elliott) FreckmannWet pine savannas (WLPS).Panicumstrigosum Muhl. ex Elliott sensu RAB; = Dichantheliumstrigosum(Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmannssp.strigosum sensu FNA; = Weakley]Infrequent. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1414 (NCSC). Occasional. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 301, 1307, 1326, 1411, 1415 (NCSC). Infrequent. Apr\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1324 (NCSC). Occasional. May\u2013Aug. Thornhill 961, 1314, 1316 (NCSC). : Taggart SARU 524 (WNC!). (Muhl. ex Elliott) Scribn.Wet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Frequent. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 22, 815, 816, 862 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 416 (WNC!). Trin.Wet pine savannas .Infrequent. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1056, 1071, 1153, 1156 (NCSC). (Lam.) Trin.Roadside immediately adjacent and scraped area within wet pine savanna (VWLPS).Rare. Late Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1114, 1199 (NCSC). (Poir.) Trin.Wet pine savannas .Abundant. Late Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 771, 864, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 434 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57656, 57666 (DUKE!). (Schult.) Hitchc.SC-V; S2, G3.Wet pine savannas (WLPS).Rare. Aug\u2013Nov. LeBlond 4859 (NCU!), Sorrie 9501 (NCU!), Thornhill 1053 (NCSC). SvensonSR-P; S1, G5T4.Wet pine savannas (SPS-T).PanicumdichotomiflorumMichx.subsp.puritanorum (Svenson) Freckmann & Lelong sensu FNA; = Weakley]Rare. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 935 (NCSC). Occasional. Jun\u2013Jul. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 241 (WNC!). Though reported by Muhl.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Occasional. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1062, 1109, 1124 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 611 (WNC!). L.Wet pine savannas , ditches.Panicumvirgatumvar.virgatum); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53711 (DUKE!). Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 789, 790, 866, 869 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 248 . (Steud.) VaseyW1; S2S3, G4 (as P. praecox)Wet pine savannas .Paspalumpraecox Walter sensu FNA; = Weakley]Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 403, 434, 450, 572, 577, 1055, 1088, 1099, 1163 (NCSC). Rare. May\u2013Jul. Thornhill 734 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 195 (WNC!). Jun\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 545 (WNC!). Infrequent. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 646, 1077 (NCSC). Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 549, 1531 (NCSC). Infrequent. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1111, 1189 (NCSC). Late Jul\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 477 (WNC!). Occasional. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1019, 1249 (NCSC). Occasional. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1023, 1187, 1188, 1215 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 4 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57647, 57670  NashPine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Andropogonscoparius Michx. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Frequent. (Jun\u2013)Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 769, 849, 863, 867, 914, 926, 1248 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: Wilbur 9431 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 536 (WNC!). Infrequent. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 711, 768, 855, 1373 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 240 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 465 (WNC!), Wilbur 57654 (DUKE!). Weakley & P.M. PetersonW1; S3, G3.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Sporobolusteretifolius); Sandy Run: Sorrie 5889 (NCU!), Taggart SARU 560 (WNC!). Abundant. Jun\u2013Sep(\u2013later in response to fire). Thornhill 651, 656, 694, 699, 724, 770, 818, 1018 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: Wilbur 9430 , wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), adjacent roadsides.Rare (in pertinent habitats). Late Apr\u2013May; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1409, 1485 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 414 (WNC!). WalterPine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), wet pine savannas .Occasional. Late Apr\u2013early Jun; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 294, 395, 837, 1052, 1235 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 282 (WNC!). L.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Jul\u2013Aug; Sep\u2013Oct. (of 2nd year). Thornhill 168, 181, 262 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 159 (WNC!). L.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Infrequent. Apr\u2013May; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1359 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 170 (WNC!). MorongMargins of wet pine savannas (VWLPS) and swamp forests.Occasional. Jun\u2013Jul; Apr\u2013Jun (of 2nd year). Thornhill 1182, 1492 (NCSC). Michx.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent (abundant in SPS-RF). Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 27 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 469 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57623A (DUKE!). Nutt.Wet pine savannas .Infrequent. (Late Aug\u2013)late Sep\u2013Oct; Oct\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1121, 1202, 1208 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 507 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57649 (DUKE!).  SmallWet pine savannas .Tofieldiaracemosavar.racemosa); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53692 . Occasional. Jun\u2013early Aug; late Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 551, 604, 667, 682 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 348 (WNC!), Wyland s.n.  and borrow pits.Frequent. Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 573, 588, 628, 669, 685, 708, 719, 801 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 384 (WNC!). Schult.Wet pine savannas (SPS-T).Rare. Jun\u2013Jul. Thornhill 528 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 236 (WNC!). Michx.W1; S3, G4G5.Wet pine savannas .Infrequent. Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 37, 800 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 350 (WNC!). WalterPine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , roadsides.Frequent. Jun\u2013Jul. Thornhill 578, 587, 677 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 303 (WNC!). MalmeWet pine savannas .XyrisdifformisMalmevar.curtissii  Kral sensu FNA; = Weakley]Occasional. Jul\u2013Aug. Thornhill 748, 793, 1507 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 649 (WNC!). Chapm.W1; S1, G4.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).May\u2013Jun. Reported from Sandy Run by  E.L. Bridges & OrzellSR-P; S1, G5T4T5.Pine savannas, flatwoods, and adjacent ditches.XyrisdifformisChapm.var.floridana Kral sensu FNA; = Weakley]Aug. Reported from Sandy Run by Chapm.W7; S2, G4G5T4T5.Borrow pits and local depressions within pine savannas, ditches.Xyrisdifformis Chapm.). Jul\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 658 . W2; S2, G2.Wet pine savannas (SPS-T).Xyriscurtissii Malme sensu RAB; < XyrisdifformisMalmevar.curtissii  Kral sensu FNA; = Weakley]Rare. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 902 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 650 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 91 (WNC!). L.Mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Occasional (frequent only in areas not recently burned). Apr\u2013May; Aug\u2013Sep. Thornhill 346, 432 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Old Maple Hill Road: Wilbur 55264 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 164 (WNC!). L.Pine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Rhuscopallina); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 412 (WNC!). Infrequent. Jul\u2013Sep; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 329, 954 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Levy s.n.  KuntzeSwampy margins of wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T) and wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Rhusradicans L. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Infrequent. Late Apr\u2013May; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 136 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 199 (WNC!). Frequent. Jun\u2013Aug; Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 832, 879 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 450 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 661 (WNC!). (A. Gray) Mathias & ConstanceSR-P; S1, G4T2T4Q.Pine savannas.Eryngiumaquaticum). Jul\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: LeBlond 5425 (NCU!), Taggart SARU 411 (WNC!), Wilbur 57680 .Occasional. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 7, 951 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 421 (WNC!); Sandy Run[Neck]: Wilbur 57676 (DUKE!). A. Gray ex J.M. Coult. & RoseW2; S2, G5T5.Wet pine savannas .Eryngiumyuccifolium), Taggart SARU 280 (WNC!), Wilbur 53709 . Infrequent. Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 689, 703 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Levy s.n. .Infrequent. Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 830 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 340 (WNC!). (L.) Raf.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Rare. Aug\u2013Oct; Oct\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1043 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 484 (WNC!). (Nutt.) A. HellerWet pine savannas (VWLPS).Oxypolisdenticulata). Rare. Sep\u2013Oct; Oct\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1070, 1128 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 494  Raf.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS), adjacent ditches.Rare. Jun\u2013Aug; Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 622 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 346 (WNC!).  Feist & S.R. DownieWet pine savannas , ditches, borrow pits.Oxypolisfiliformis). Occasional. Jul\u2013Aug; Aug\u2013Sep. Thornhill 742, 833, 983, 1039 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 347 .Infrequent. Jun\u2013Aug; Aug\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1, 378, 423 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 150 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55303 (DUKE!). Michx.W1; S2S3, G4G5.Wet pine savannas .Infrequent. May\u2013Jun; Jun\u2013Jul. Thornhill 249, 278, 355 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 137 (WNC!). WalterSC-V; S3, G4.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Rare. Jul\u2013Aug. L.Wet pine flatwoods.Jun\u2013Jul; Jul\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 277 (WNC!), Wilbur 55302, 55326 (DUKE!). (Pursh) Chapm.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Apr\u2013May; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 261, 309 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53668, 63782 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 104 (WNC!). (L.) A. GrayMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Abundant. May\u2013Jun; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 43, 135, 171, 186, 237 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53701 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 50 (WNC!). WalterWet pine savannas .IlexcassineL.var.myrtifolia  Sarg. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Occasional. May\u2013Jun; Oct\u2013Nov. Thornhill 271, 284, 435, 1185 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 131 (WNC!). Rare. Apr\u2013Jun; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 97 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 102 (WNC!). [< L.Mesic pine savannas.Jun\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 428 (WNC!).  Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.Pine savannas, sandhills, sandy woodlands, and disturbed areas.Late Mar\u2013early Jun. Reported from Sandy Run [Neck] by (Nutt.) D.B. WardSR-P; S2, G4G5.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Cacalialanceolata Nutt. sensu RAB; < Arnoglossumovatum  H. Rob. sensu FNA; Weakley]Rare. Late Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 943 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 376 (WNC!). Nutt.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , roadsides.Heleniumpinnatifidum). Occasional. Late Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 870 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 409 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53637  DC.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Chondrophoranudata (Michx.) Britton sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 750, 967, 1081, 1082 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 418 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57614, 57667 (DUKE!). [< (Michx.) Torr. & A. GrayMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP).Rare. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1542 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 491 (WNC!). (Michx.) Torr. & A. GrayMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (SPS-T).Occasional. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1000, 1120, 1519 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 461 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57620 (DUKE!). Vent.Pine savannas .Infrequent. Feb\u2013May. Thornhill 87, 94 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 9 (WNC!). (L.) ElliottPine savannas.Heterothecamariana (L.) Shinners sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Late Jun\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 495 (WNC!). Rare. Late Mar\u2013early Jun. Thornhill 245 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 24 (WNC!). Infrequent. May\u2013Jul. Thornhill 377 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: LeBlond 4252 (NCU!); Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 592 (WNC!). Rare. Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 1454 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 250 (WNC!). Feb\u2013May. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 342 (WNC!). Occasional. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 923, 945 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 455 (WNC!), Wilbur 57657 (DUKE!). Occasional. Early May\u2013early Jul(\u2013later). Thornhill 219, 352, 367, 368, 392 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 145 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55321 (DUKE!). Frequent. Early Jul\u2013late Oct. Thornhill 6, 38, 841, 875, 976, 978, 979, 1044 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 456 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57677 . Sep\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 422 , adjacent roadsides.Rare. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1171 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: LeBlond 4600, 4654, 5424 (NCU!), Taggart SARU 504 (WNC!). [= Weakley]A. GrayMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), adjacent roadsdies.Occasional. Late Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1045, 1086 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 398 (WNC!). (L.) Raf. ex DC.Disturbed areas in pine savannas, dry edges of borrow pits, roadsides.Erechtiteshieraciifolius(L.) Raf. ex DC.var.hieraciifolius sensu FNA; = Weakley]Rare. Late Jul\u2013Nov. Thornhill 938, 1370 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 407 (WNC!). : Taggart 185 (NCU!), Wilbur 55318, 67091 (DUKE!). (Lam.) SmallDisturbed (sometimes only slightly so) areas in wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T) and wet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Eupatoriumcapillifolium(Lam.) Smallvar.capillifolium sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Rare (frequent in more disturbed areas). Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 952, 1143 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart 503 (NCU!). Late Jul\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 639 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57618 (DUKE!). Frequent. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 828, 925, 982, 1213 (NCSC). Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 357 (WNC!). Aug\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 403 (WNC!). [< L.Pine savannas.Aug\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 466 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57642, 57657 (DUKE!). WalterWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Occasional. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 947, 1520 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 356 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53712 (DUKE!). SmallW7; S1?, G3G4Q.Wet pine savannas .Eupatoriummohrii Greene sensu FNA; = Weakley]Infrequent. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1122, 1146, 1206, 1237 (NCSC). Rare. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 759 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 349 (WNC!). Infrequent. Late Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 50, 969, 1522 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 448 (WNC!). Frequent. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 102, 924, 969, 1041, 1209, 1522 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 347 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57664  Greene ex Porter & BrittonWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Euthamiaminor). Occasional. Sep\u2013Dec. Thornhill 1123, 1129, 1144 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 480 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57634 , adjacent roadsides.Heleniumpinnatifidum), 57674 (DUKE!). Infrequent. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1029, 1087, 1550 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 460 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57631 (as (Schwein. ex Nutt.) Rydb.SR-P; S2, G4.Pine savannas and adjacent ditches.Apr\u2013May. Reported from Sandy Run by L.Wet pine savannas .Occasional. (Jul\u2013)Sep\u2013Oct(\u2013frost). Thornhill 51, 1140, 1141 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 405 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57668 (DUKE!). Nutt.Depressions in wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Infrequent. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 989, 1090 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 459 (WNC!). L.Mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP).Rare. Jul\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1549 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 397 (WNC!). (L.) GreeneMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Asterlinariifolius L. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. Aug\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1186 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 492 (WNC!). Infrequent. (Aug\u2013)Sep\u2013Oct(\u2013Nov). Thornhill 52, 1176, 1545 (NCSC). : Taggart SARU 410 (WNC!).  SmallWet pine savannas .Marshalliagraminifolia  Small sensu FNA; = Weakley]Occasional. Late Jul\u2013mid Oct. Thornhill 5, 701, 741, 807 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 362 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 312 (WNC!). (Michx.) \u00c1. L\u00f6ve & D. L\u00f6vePackeracrawfordii (Britton) A.M. Mahoney & R.R. Kowal).SR-T; S1, G2G3 (as Pine savannas.Packeracrawfordii), Taggart SARU 10 , and Weakley 7216 . Whether the entity treated as Packeracrawfordii deserves recognition as distinct  from Packerapaupercula s.l. is still unclear. Apr\u2013May. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: LeBlond 6409  Semple & F.D. BowersMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Heterothecanervosa(Willd.) Shinnersvar.nervosa  Shinners ex Ahles, Heterothecacorrellii  H.E. Ahles sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 761, 922, 985, 1145 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 363 (WNC!). Jun\u2013Jul. Reported from Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry Tract] by (L.) DC.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS), borrow pits.Infrequent. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 672, 686, 955 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 354 (WNC!), Wilbur 53659 (DUKE!). WalterWet pine savannas .Rare. Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1174, 1232 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 549 (WNC!). (L.) Hilliard & BurttMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), adjacent roadsides and disturbed areas.Gnaphaliumobtusifolium L. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1530 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 566 (WNC!). : Levy s.n. (DUKE!), Taggart SARU 278 (WNC!), Wilbur 53637, 55274 (DUKE!).  DC.Roadside margins of wet pine savannas (VWLPS) and roadsides.Pyrrhopappuscarolinianus DC.var.carolinianus sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Occasional. Mar\u2013Jun. Thornhill 481, 657 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 63 (WNC!). Rare. Jun\u2013Jul. Thornhill 1003 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 264 . May\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 470 (WNC!). [< Mill.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Aug\u2013Nov. Reported from Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry Tract] by Torr. & A. GrayW1; S3, G4?.Wet pine savannas .SolidagostrictaAitonssp.gracillima (Torr. & A. Gray) Semple sensu FNA; = Weakley]Occasional. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 942, 1078, 1130, 1236 (NCSC). Jul\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 476 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 496 (WNC!). (Nutt.) Chapm.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (WLPS).SolidagopuberulaNutt.var.pulverulenta (Nutt.) Chapm. sensu FNA; = Weakley]Infrequent. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1038 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 354 (WNC!). Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 39, 40, 909, 1036, 1495 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 401 (WNC!), Wilbur 57672 (DUKE!). Infrequent. Late Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1136 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 512 (WNC!). Occasional. Late Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 46, 1131, 1170, 1184, 1210, 1211, 1212 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 391 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57673  \u00c1. L\u00f6ve & D. L\u00f6veIn a wide variety of dry to moist habitats.Symphyotrichumlateriflorumvar.lateriflorum). Sep\u2013Nov. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: LeBlond 2590  G.L. NesomPine savannas and marshes.Asternovi-belgii L. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Late Sep\u2013Nov. Reported from Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run] by (Willd.) G.L. NesomWoodland borders, old fields, disturbed areas.Asterpilosus Willd.). Sep\u2013Nov. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57641, 57643  G.L. NesomMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Astersquarrosus Walter sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. Oct\u2013Dec. Thornhill 971 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 552 (WNC!). Frequent. Late Jul\u2013Oct; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1518 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 497  Cass.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (SPS-RF).Carphephoruspaniculatus). Infrequent. Aug\u2013Oct; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1540 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 530  S.B. Jones & W.Z. Faust sensu RAB; = FNA; > Vernoniaangustifolia Michx. various varieties sensu Weakley]Late Jun\u2013early Sep; Sep\u2013Oct. Reported from Sandy Run [Neck] by (L.) Michx.Pine savannas.Jul\u2013Sep; Aug\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 355 (WNC!). L.Margins of wet pine savannas (WLPS) and adjacent swamps.Anisostichuscapreolata (L.) Bureau sensu RAB; = Weakley]Infrequent. Apr\u2013May; Jul\u2013Aug. Thornhill 1148 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 323 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 198 (WNC!). A. GrayWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Jul\u2013Nov. Thornhill 34, 49, 740, 804, 840, 873 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 446 (WNC!). WalterWet pine savannas .Occasional. Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 35, 921 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 478 (WNC!). Schult.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. May\u2013Nov. Thornhill 3, 337, 427, 479, 488, 526 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 152 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53644, 55299 (DUKE!). L.Dry forests and woodlands.Mar\u2013Jul(\u2013Nov); Jul\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53654 (DUKE!). L.Mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP).Rare. Jul\u2013Aug; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1551 (NCSC). (Hodgdon) Sorrie & WeakleyWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Lechealeggettii Britton & Hollick sensu RAB; = Weakley]Infrequent. Jun\u2013Aug; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 623, 751 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 364 (WNC!). Frequent. Jun\u2013Jul; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 585, 613, 670, 715 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 258 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53648, 53702 (DUKE!). : Wilbur 53653, 53655, 67087 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 211 (WNC!). L.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. May\u2013Jul; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 430, 448, 540, 614 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53681 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 229 (WNC!). Michx.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .PyxidantherabarbulataMichx.var.barbulata sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Frequent. Mar\u2013Apr; May\u2013Jun. Thornhill 81, 83 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 19 (WNC!). PurshWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Droseraleucantha Shinners sensu RAB; = Weakley]Abundant. Apr\u2013May. Thornhill 104, 159 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 82 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 172 (WNC!). HayneWet pine savannas , borrow pits, ditches.Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 29, 161, 666 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 144 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55301 (DUKE!). L.Pine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. May\u2013Jun; Sep\u2013Dec. Thornhill 283, 709 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 213 (WNC!). (L.) MoenchPine savannas.Cassandracalyculata (L.) D. Don sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Mar\u2013Apr; Jun\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Holly Shelter: Fox 158 (NCSC!); Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 15 (WNC!). :Taggart SARU 93 (WNC!). Occasional. Late Mar\u2013early Jun; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1291, 1471, 1511, 1546 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55259  Torr. & A. GrayMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Abundant. Mar\u2013Jun; Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 165, 197, 210, 214, 228, 233, 258, 592, 806 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 113 (WNC!). (L.) Torr. & A. Gray ex Torr.Pine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Gaylussaciafrondosavar.frondosa sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Abundant. Late Mar\u2013May; Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 120, 146, 204, 212, 215, 229, 234, 290 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53650, 55288, 55291, 63768, 63781, 67097 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 106 (WNC!). Frequent. Apr\u2013May(\u2013Sep); Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 164, 182 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 68 (WNC!), Weakley 7218 (NCU!). Late Mar\u2013May; Sep\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 669 (WNC!). : Wilbur 53649, 53704, 55305, 55320 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 92 , Taggart SARU 226 . Frequent. Late Apr\u2013Jul; Sep\u2013Oct. If one chooses to recognize varieties, the material collected by the author would generally be referable to var. (Lam.) K. KochWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Apr\u2013early Jun; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 116, 133, 167, 180 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Holly Shelter: Fox 160 (NCSC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53667, 63770, 63783, 63784, 63785, 67088 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 71 (WNC!), Weakley 7221 (NCU!). (L.) D. DonWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Apr\u2013May; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 118, 178, 236 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 96 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55308, 63766, 67096 (DUKE!). (Ashe) RehderWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Occasional. Apr\u2013May(\u2013later). Thornhill 113, 179 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 62 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Levy s.n. (DUKE!), Wilbur 63767, 67098 (DUKE!). (L.) Torr.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Rhododendronviscosumvar.serrulatum); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 596 (WNC!). Occasional. Late May\u2013Jul; Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 225, 266, 308 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: LeBlond 4972 . AndrewsWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Abundant. Apr\u2013May; Jun\u2013Jul. Thornhill 117, 153, 160, 185 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 76 (WNC!). AndrewsWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Vacciniumcorymbosum L. sensu RAB, FNA; = Weakley]Occasional. Late Feb\u2013May; Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 147, 150, 166, 173, 183, 264, 303, 305 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 23 (WNC!). Frequent. Late Feb\u2013May; Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 78, 79, 82, 92, 101, 267, 277, 302, 763 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 216 (WNC!). Apr\u2013Jun; Aug\u2013Oct. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by AitonPine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Abundant. Late Mar\u2013early May; Jun\u2013Jul. Thornhill 145, 184, 755, 1222, 1423, 1424 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Holly Shelter: Fox 161 (NCSC!); Sandy Run [Hancock]: Ahles 28232 (NCU!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 63769, 63775 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 73 (WNC!). (W. Bartram ex Willd.) PollardWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Apr\u2013Jun; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 231, 259, 307, 508 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 181 (WNC!). (Michx.) Engelm. & A. GrayPine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Occasional. Late Mar\u2013Aug; May\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1275 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 220 (WNC!). L.Pine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP).Infrequent. Feb\u2013May. Thornhill 1418 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55277 (DUKE!). L.Pine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT).Tragialinearifolia Elliott). Rare. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1419 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Ahles 28231A .Rare. Apr\u2013Jun; Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1073, 1239 (NCSC); Thornhill 1177 (NCU). WalterMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP).Amorphaherbacea Walter sensu RAB; = Weakley]Rare. May\u2013Jul; Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1541 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55279 (DUKE!). (Raf.) Fernald & B.G. Schub.Pine savannas.Late Apr\u2013Jun; Jun\u2013Jul. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 129 (WNC!). (L.) Vent.Pine savannas and wet pine flatwoods.Apr\u2013Aug; Jul\u2013Nov. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 176 (WNC!). (L.) Benth.Mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP).Occasional. Jun\u2013Aug; Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 972 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 423 (WNC!). (Michx.) GreenePine savannas, wet pine flatwoods.Cassiafasciculata Michx. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Jun\u2013Sep; Jul\u2013Nov. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 406 (WNC!). Infrequent. Jun\u2013Oct; Jul\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1172 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 643 (WNC!).  by (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.Fields, woodland borders, disturbed areas.Jun\u2013Sep; Aug\u2013Oct. Reported from Sandy Run [Neck] by (Michx.) DC.Sandhills and other dry forests and woodlands.Jun\u2013Sep; Aug\u2013Oct. Reported from Sandy Run [Neck] by (L.) DC.Pine savannas and flatwoods, fields, woodland borders, disturbed areas.Desmodiumpaniculatumvar.epepetiolatum B.G. Schub, Desmodiumpaniculatumvar.paniculatum sensu Weakley]Jun\u2013Sep; Aug\u2013Oct. Reported from Sandy Run [Neck] by Torr. & A. GrayWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Occasional. Jul\u2013Aug; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 827, 1046, 1084 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Ahles 32702 (NCU!), Taggart SARU 447 (WNC!). (L.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Galactiamacreei M.A. Curtis, Galactiavolubilis (L.) Britton sensu RAB; = Weakley]Jul\u2013Sep; Aug\u2013Oct. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by Mill.Mesic pine savannas.Jun\u2013Aug; Jul\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 389 (WNC!). (Pursh) ElliottMesic pine savannas (MPS-CP).Rare. Aug\u2013Oct; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1553 (NCSC). Michx.Pine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine savannas (WLPS), roadsides.Infrequent. Aug\u2013Oct; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1031, 1075 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 467 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57632 (DUKE!). (Clewell) IselyPine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT).Lespedezahirta (L.) Hornem. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Rare. Aug\u2013Oct; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1539 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 475 (WNC!).  by (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.Mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP).Rare. Jun\u2013Aug; Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1473 (NCSC). (F. Dietr.) C.E. WoodWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).May\u2013Jul; Jun\u2013Sep. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by (Michx.) Pers.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (WLPS).Occasional. May\u2013Aug; Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 416, 553, 602, 702 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 321 (WNC!).  Torr. & A. GrayWoodlands and roadsides.Jun\u2013Aug; Jul\u2013Oct. Reported from Sandy Run [Neck] by J.F. Gmel.Flatwoods, sandhills, sandy roadsides.Jun\u2013Aug; Jul\u2013Oct. Reported from Sandy Run [Neck] by M\u00fcnchh.Pine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT).Infrequent. Apr; Sep\u2013Nov (of second year). Thornhill 1543 (NCSC). Michx.Pine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT).Quercusfalcatavar.falcata sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. Apr; Sep\u2013Nov (of second year). Thornhill 1329 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 297, (WNC!), Wilbur 55278 (DUKE!). : Taggart SARU 295 (WNC!). Michx.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Mar\u2013Apr; Sep\u2013Nov (of second year). Thornhill 429, 1022 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 206 (WNC!). (Ashe) SmallPine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT).Quercusmargaretta Ahles ex Small sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Infrequent. Apr; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1328 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 296 (WNC!). Infrequent. Apr; Sep\u2013Nov (of second year). Thornhill 1317 (NCSC). : Wilbur 55257 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 212 (WNC!). Wangenh.Upland forests and woodlands.Apr; Sep\u2013Nov (of same year). Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55283 (DUKE!). Lam.Wet pine flatwoods.Apr; Sep\u2013Oct (of second year). Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 584 (WNC!). J. St.-Hil.Pine/scrub oak sandhills (PSOS-MT), mesic pine savannas (MPS-CP), wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Occasional. Mar\u2013early May; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 84 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 11 (WNC!). Raf. ex BartonW1; S2, G5?.Wet pine savannas (SPS-T).Infrequent. (Nov\u2013)Feb\u2013Apr(\u2013Jun); Apr\u2013Jun. Thornhill 1250 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 572 (WNC!). (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.Wet pine savannas .Infrequent. Jul\u2013Oct; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 749, 907 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 493 (WNC!). L.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Occasional. Late Sep\u2013mid Jan. Thornhill 47, 1234 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 510 (WNC!). WalterWet pine savannas .Infrequent. Late Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1204, 1230, 1233 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 548 (WNC!). L.Wet pine savannas .Rare. Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1183, 1231 (NCSC). (L.) PurshForests, woodlands, marshes, fields.Jul\u2013Aug; Sep\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53669, 53672 (DUKE!). ElliottPine savannas and flatwoods.Late May\u2013Jul; Aug\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Ahles 28234 (NCU!), Taggart SARU 260 (WNC!). (L.) Torr.Wet pine savannas .Occasional. Jun\u2013Aug; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 550, 560, 609, 619 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 314 (WNC!). (L.) DruceWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. May\u2013Sep; Sep\u2013Dec. Thornhill 420, 485, 521, 525, 555, 582, 583, 584, 706 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 247 (WNC!), Wilbur 53689 (DUKE!). ElliottWet pine savannas (VWLPS).Rare. Jul\u2013Aug; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1450 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 375 (WNC!). Lam.Depressions in pine savannas (WLPS), borrow pits, ditches.Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 358, 509, 621 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 271 (WNC!). L.Margins of wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T) and pocosins.Infrequent. Mar\u2013May; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1273 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 51 (WNC!). (Spach) Steud.SC-V; S1S2, G5.Wet pine savannas .Frequent. Jul\u2013Sep. LeBlond 4989, 5736A (NCSC!); Thornhill 415, 478, 527, 606, 615, 716 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: LeBlond 5771 (NCSC!), Taggart SARU 247 (WNC!). [= Weakley]L.Wet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Infrequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 707, 720, 795, 803, 904, 940 (NCSC). Lam.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 459, 607, 683, 718, 799, 805, 843 (NCSC). (L.) CrantzWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Hypericumstans (Michx. ex Willd.) W.P. Adams & N. Robson sensu RAB; = Weakley]Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 700, 746 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 308 (WNC!). Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 910, 953, 1205 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 325 , wet pine savannas (WLPS).Hypericumdenticulatumvar.denticulatum sensu RAB; = Weakley]Infrequent. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 762, 9665 (NCSC). : Taggart SARU 628 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: LeBlond 2252 (NCU!), Sorrie 5884 (NCU!). (L.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Occasional. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 513, 599, 636 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 246 (WNC!). Engelm. & A. GrayWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (VWLPS), adjacent roadsides.Hypericummutilumvar.mutilum). Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1278, 1453 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 292  CrantzWet pine savannas .Infrequent. May\u2013Aug. Thornhill 460, 846, 1147 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 103 (WNC!). (Svenson) W.P. AdamsPine savannas.Hypericumgalioides). Jun\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 378 .Hypericummutilum L. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1340, 1461, 1464, 1487 (NCSC). : Taggart SARU 420 (WNC!). PurshWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Hypericumreductum (Svenson) W.P. Adams sensu RAB; = Weakley]Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1312, 1319 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 261 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53686 (DUKE!). (Poir.) Nutt.Mesic pine savannas.Caryaalba). Apr\u2013May; Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 223 .Occasional. Late Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 705, 826, 946 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 404 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57669 (DUKE!). Raf.W1; S3, G5.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Rare. Jun\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1089 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: LeBlond 4848, 5069 (NCU!), Taggart SARU 468 (WNC!). MoenchWet pine savannas (WLPS).LycopusrubellusMoenchvar.rubellus sensu RAB; = Weakley]Rare. Jun\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1150 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 498 . : Levy s.n. (DUKE!); Wilbur 53695 (DUKE!). Infrequent. Late May\u2013early Aug; Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 419, 422, 425, 564 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 238  Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb.Wet pine savannas .Frequent. Jun\u2013Sep; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 603, 679, 704, 948, 1547 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 191 (WNC!), Wilbur 53641, 53699 (DUKE!). Nutt.SR-T; S2, G4.Dry pinelands.Pycnanthemumsetosum. However, based on comparisons to specimens at NCSC and NCU and following the advice of better botanists ), the specimen seems at least to align most closely with Pycnanthemumsetosum. More study is needed to clarify the taxonomy of this genus. Pycnanthemumsetosum is also reported within a 2-mile radius of Shaken Creek Preserve by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program , which was collected by the author at the edge of a dirt road and powerline savanna in Shaken Creek Preserve, has calyx lobes somewhat shorter and leaves somewhat narrower than is typical for  Program  .ScutellariaintegrifoliaL.var.integrifolia, ScutellariaintegrifoliaL.var.hispida Benth. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Frequent. May\u2013Jul; Jul\u2013Aug. Thornhill 316, 363 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 117 (WNC!), Wilbur 55319 (DUKE!). Frequent. May\u2013Jun; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 497, 542 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 154 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 222 (WNC!). WalterWet pine savannas .Occasional. Apr\u2013May. Thornhill 103, 126, 141 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 55 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 63790, 67099 (DUKE!). Michx.State E; S2, G4.Wet pine savannas .Infrequent. Apr\u2013May. Thornhill 108, 125, 143, 163 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 574 (WNC!). VahlWet pine savannas (SPS-T), borrow pits.Rare. Jul\u2013Sep. Thornhill 32 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 645 (WNC!). L.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Mar\u2013Jul(\u2013later). Thornhill 107, 158, 216 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 143 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 63791 (DUKE!). C.M. RogersState T; S1S2, G5?T3?.Pine savannas.LinumvirginianumL.var.floridanum Planch. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Jun\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: LeBlond 2536 (NCU!), Taggart SARU 565 (WNC!). Occasional. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 374, 569, 605, 753, 823 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 525 (WNC!). Infrequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 486 (NCSC). : Taggart SARU 47 , Wilbur 55267 . Infrequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 568 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: Wilbur 8390 .Infrequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 970 (NCSC). (Michx.) Cooperr.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Linderniaanagallidea (Michx.) Pennell sensu RAB; = Weakley]Rare. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1510 (NCSC). : Taggart SARU 374 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53688 (DUKE!). (J.F. Gmel.) G. DonWet pine savannas (VWLPS), ditches.Cynoctonumsessilifolium J.F. Gmel. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Infrequent. Late Jun\u2013Aug; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 558, 681 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 334 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53700 (DUKE!). : LeBlond 2831 (NCU!), Wilbur 57640 (DUKE!). L.Pine savannas, wet pine flatwoods.Liriodendrontulipifera var. 1), Weakley 7217 . Apr\u2013Jun; Sep\u2013Oct. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 162 , wet pine savannas .Magnoliavirginianavar.australis), Taggart SARU 553 . Frequent. Apr\u2013Jul; Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 235, 263 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 160 , wet pine savannas .Frequent. May\u2013Sep. Thornhill 524, 557, 580 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 263 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53691 (DUKE!). WalterWet pine savannas .Occasional. Apr\u2013Jul(\u2013later in response to fire). Thornhill 311, 320, 353, 393 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 188 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Levy s.n. (DUKE!), Wilbur 53679, 55314 (DUKE!). Michx.Wet pine savannas .Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 501, 520, 567, 593, 668 (NCSC). L.Wet pine savannas (WLPS).Rare. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 617 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 224 (WNC!). SmallWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Rhexiamarianavar.purpurea Michx. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Frequent. May\u2013Oct. Thornhill 595, 739, 794, 906 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 429 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53643 (DUKE!). : Taggart SARU 414 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53675 (DUKE!). (Mill.) SmallWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Myricaheterophylla); Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 180 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 67095 (DUKE!). Frequent. Apr; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 121, 134, 149, 154, 169 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: Wilbur 8388  SmallWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .MyricaceriferaL.var.cerifera sensu RAB; < Myricacerifera L. sensu FNA; = Weakley]Frequent. Apr; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 131, 132, 148, 170 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 16 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53682 (DUKE!). : Taggart SARU 302 (WNC!). Frequent. Apr; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 119, 152, 172 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 60088 , wet pine savannas .NyssasylvaticaMarshallvar.biflora  Sarg. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Occasional. Apr\u2013Jun; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 230, 256 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 235 (WNC!). Apr\u2013Jun; Aug\u2013Oct. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by Mill.Swampy margins of wet pine savannas (VWLPS), borrow pits, ditches.Infrequent. May; Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 242 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 155 (WNC!). Raf.Wet pine savannas .Infrequent. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1446 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 306 (WNC!). WalterWet pine savannas , borrow pits.Ludwigialinearislinearis, with the cells of the seed surface oriented parallel to the long axis of the seed, and var. Ludwigialinearispuberula Engelm. & A. Gray, with the cells of the seed surface oriented irregularly or elongated perpendicularly to the long axis of the seed. This character, best seen at \u2265 20\u00d7 magnification, is the only non-overlapping morphological character that distinguishes the two varieties. If varieties are recognized, the specimens collected by the senior author would be referable to var. Ludwigialinearislinearis. A specimen collected from Sandy Run [Hancock]  has been reported as var. Ludwigialinearispuberula , adjacent roadsides.Rare. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 1207 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 652 (WNC!). Michx.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS), adjacent roadsides.Occasional. Jul\u2013Oct. Thornhill 559, 845, 1440, 1524 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53660, 53690, 57653, 57665 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 417 (WNC!). Michx.Wet pine savannas .Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 546, 554, 608, 624, 674 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53677 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 304 (WNC!). FernaldW7; S2S3, G5T2T3.Wet pine savannas .Oenotherafruticosa L. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Occasional. Apr\u2013Aug. LeBlond 4976 (NCU!); Thornhill 364, 376, 424, 480, 565, 1050 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: LeBlond 4575, 4978 (NCU!); Taggart SARU 95 (WNC!). (Elliott) Raf.Wet pine savannas (SPS-RF).Rare. Aug\u2013Oct; Oct. Thornhill 1544 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 521 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: LeBlond 2587 (NCU!), Wilbur 57627 (DUKE!). (Nutt.) BrittonW1; S3, G4?.Wet pine savannas .Occasional. Aug\u2013Sep; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 965, 977, 1037 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 454 (WNC!). Raf.W1; S2S3, G4G5Q.Wet pine savannas .Infrequent. Sep\u2013Oct; Oct\u2013Nov. Thornhill 1083, 1264 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 471 (WNC!). (L.) PennellWet pine savannas .Frequent. Aug\u2013Oct; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 45, 1116, 1134, 1139, 1201 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 522 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 57644, 57662 (DUKE!). (J.F. Gmel.) Raf.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T).Sep\u2013Oct; Oct\u2013Nov. Reported from Shaken Creek by Raf.SR-P; S2, G3G4Q.Pine savannas.Sep\u2013Oct; Oct\u2013Nov. Reported from Sandy Run by L.Pine savannas.Apr\u2013May; May\u2013Jul. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 577 (WNC!). (J.F. Gmel.) S.F. BlakeWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Frequent. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 28, 33, 1048 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Taggart SARU 502 (WNC!); Wilbur 57650 (DUKE!). Michx.State T, FSC; S2, G3.Wet pine savannas , particularly along margins of adjacent swamps.Frequent. Sep\u2013Nov(\u2013Dec). Thornhill 48, 1175 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 529 (WNC!). L.Pine savannas.Mimulusringens L. sensu RAB; = Weakley]Jun\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 453 (WNC!). Infrequent. Mar\u2013May. Thornhill 224 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 42 (WNC!). AitonWet pine savannas (VWLPS).Penstemonaustralis); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55254, 55292 (DUKE!). May\u2013Jun; Jul\u2013Aug. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 118 ; Leonard 8428 (NCU!); Leonard 8515 ; Levy s.n. (DUKE!); Taggart SARU 108 (WNC!); Wilbur 53777, 55315 (DUKE!). (Michx.) SmallWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Gratiolapilosa). Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 538, 1304 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 648 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53645, 53671, 53680, 57636 .Infrequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 712, 908 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 400 (WNC!). L.Wet pine savannas .Polygalacruciatavar.cruciata); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53678 (DUKE!). Frequent. Jun\u2013Oct. Thornhill 414, 552, 598, 680, 744 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Highway 50: Wilbur 9427 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 266 .Occasional. Jun\u2013Aug. Thornhill 4, 476, 612 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 322 (WNC!). L.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Occasional. Jun\u2013Jul. Thornhill 544, 710, 760 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 184 (WNC!), Wilbur 53705 (DUKE!). L.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Abundant. Apr\u2013Oct. Thornhill 2, 199, 260, 315, 321, 412 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 80 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53707 (DUKE!), Wyland s.n. (NCSC!). ElliottWet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Occasional. Jun\u2013Sep. Thornhill 365, 404, 610, 671 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 135 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53715 (DUKE!). L.Dry woodlands, woodland borders, and openings.Polygalaverticillatavar.verticillata sensu RAB; > Polygalaverticillatavar.isocycla Fernald, Polygalaverticillatavar.verticillata sensu Weakley]Jun\u2013Sep. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Bradley 3388 (NCU!). Rare. May\u2013Jun; Aug\u2013Oct. Since only sterile individuals were seen on site by the senior author, no vouchers specimens were taken. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Holly Shelter: Sorrie 8452 (NCU!). L.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS), adjacent swamp margins.Infrequent. Apr\u2013Aug. Thornhill 561, 838 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 66 (WNC!). H.E. AhlesState E, Fed E; S2, G2.Wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Infrequent. Late Jun\u2013early Jul; Aug\u2013Oct. LeBlond 474 , Sorrie 9502 (NCU!). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Ahles 58369 (NCU!), Gardner s.n. (NCU!), Taggart SARU 193 (WNC!). (Hill) K. KochWet pine savannas (VWLPS), adjacent swamp margins.Infrequent. Apr\u2013May; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 950, 1137 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 171 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 67085 (DUKE!). (L.) Medik.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T) and adjacent roadsides.Rare. Mar\u2013Apr; May\u2013Jun. Thornhill 1258 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 111 (WNC!). (Lam.) K. KochDry, acidic, rocky sites.Mar\u2013Apr; May\u2013Jun. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 60087 (DUKE!). (L.) Pers.Wet pine savannas .Sorbusarbutifolia(L.) Heynh.var.arbutifolia sensu RAB; = Weakley]Frequent. Mar\u2013May; Sep\u2013Nov. Thornhill 93, 96, 155 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [O\u2019Berry]: Taggart SARU 17 (WNC!). : Taggart SARU 83 (WNC!). Ehrh.Mesic pine savannas.Apr\u2013May; Jul\u2013Aug. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 558 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 63776 (DUKE!). MarshallWet pine savannas (VWLPS), particularly along margins of adjacent swamps.Rare. May\u2013Jul; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 1251 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 330 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55296 (DUKE!). PurshWet pine flatwoods, mesic pine savannas.Late Apr\u2013early Jun; Jun\u2013Jul. Not seen in Shaken Creek Preserve by the senior author. Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 227 (WNC!). Poir.Pine savannas , particularly along roadsides or disturbed areas.Rubusargutus Link, Rubusbetulifolius Small sensu RAB; = Weakley]Infrequent. Apr\u2013May; late May\u2013Jul. Thornhill 200, 220, 1285, 123, 198, 444 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 335 . : Taggart SARU 351 (WNC!). L.Wet pine savannas , particularly along or near adjacent roadsides.Frequent. Jun\u2013Dec. Thornhill 280, 596, 984 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 136 (WNC!), Wilbur 53698 (DUKE!). L.Margins of wet pine savannas (VWLPS) and adjacent swamps.Infrequent. May\u2013Jun; Jun\u2013Jul. Thornhill 835, 1262 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [RMK]: Taggart SARU 133 (WNC!). L.Wet pine savannas (SPS-RF), adjacent roadsides, margins of borrow pits.Infrequent. Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 903, 1115 (NCSC). Michx.Borrow pits within and roadside thickets adjacent to wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Rare. Mar\u2013Apr. Thornhill 243 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 254 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 63778, 63786, 63789, 67090 (DUKE!). (Raf.) Reveal & M.C. Johnst.Acerrubrum) along margins of wet pine savannas (WLPS) and swamps.Parasitic on various trees (frequently on Phoradendronserotinum(Raf.) M. C. Johnst.ssp.serotinum). Infrequent. Oct\u2013Nov(\u2013Mar); Nov\u2013Jan(\u2013May). Thornhill 90 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 562 , wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas , roadsides.Acerrubrum, the specimens collected by the senior author are referable to var. Acerrubrumtrilobum Torr. & A. Gray ex K. Koch. Thornhill 80, 265, 281 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 8 ; Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 67089 (DUKE!). Abundant. Jan\u2013Mar; Apr\u2013Jul. If one chooses to recognize varieties within L.W5B; S3S4, G5?.Wet pine savannas .Frequent Mar\u2013Apr; May\u2013Jun. Thornhill 115, 137, 342, 343, 359, 391 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run: Taggart SARU 56 (WNC!), Wyland s.n. (NCSC!). (Raf.) FernaldWet pine savannas .Sarraceniapurpurea L. sensu RAB; = FNA, Weakley]Frequent. Apr\u2013May; Jun\u2013Jul. Thornhill 114, 130, 174 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 81 (WNC!), Wyland s.n. (NCSC!). Apr\u2013May; Jun\u2013Jul. Reported from Shaken Creek Preserve by (L.) L\u2019H\u00e9r.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Occasional. Mar\u2013May; Aug\u2013Sep. Thornhill 144, 765 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 55258 (DUKE!); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 52 (WNC!). L.Wet pine savannas , adjacent roadsides.Frequent. Late May\u2013Sep; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 482, 547, 594, 949 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 373 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Wilbur 53634, 57633 (DUKE!). (L.) J. EllisWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Occasional. Jul\u2013Sep; Sep\u2013Oct. Thornhill 306 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 214 (WNC!). PollardW7; S2?, G4G5.Margin of pine savanna (VWLPS) and adjacent swamp.Violabrittonianavar.brittoniana, Violabrittonianavar.pectinata (E.P. Bicknell) Alexander sensu RAB; = Weakley]Rare. Apr\u2013May. Thornhill 1261 (NCSC). Occasional. Mar\u2013May. Thornhill 109, 1254 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 109 (WNC!). Infrequent. Feb\u2013May. Thornhill 85 (NCSC). : Taggart SARU 5 (WNC!). AitonWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (VWLPS).Violasagittata). Infrequent. Apr. Thornhill 86, 88, 106, 110 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Haw\u2019s Run]: Taggart SARU 54 .Infrequent. Late Mar\u2013early May. Thornhill 95, 139 (NCSC). (Greene) L.E. McKinneyWet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas .Violaaffinis); Sandy Run [Patterson]: Taggart SARU 573 . Occasional. Mar\u2013May. Thornhill 122, 1257, 1260 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Neck]: LeBlond 1938  Planch.Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), margins of wet pine savannas (VWLPS) and adjacent swamps.Infrequent. May\u2013Jul; Jul\u2013Aug. Thornhill 974 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 200 (WNC!). Michx.Wet pine savannas , particularly along swamp margins or near roadsides.Vitisrotundifolia sensu RAB; = Muscadiniarotundifolia(Michx.) Smallvar.rotundifolia sensu Weakley]Infrequent. May\u2013Jun; Aug\u2013Oct. Thornhill 331, 1092, 1240 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 203 (WNC!). [< Carexlutea, Lysimachiaasperulifolia, and Thalictrumcooleyi), and six are Federal Species of Concern .The flora of the savannas, flatwoods, and sandhills of SCP proper, based on vouchered specimens and reports i.e., , consistPlantagosparsiflora Michx., Scleria species 1, TrilliumpusillumMichx.var.pusillum, and Xyrisscabrifolia R.M. Harper).An additional 102 taxa in twenty-seven genera and seven families were collected or reported from savannas or flatwoods in the vicinity of SCP , Fabaceae (24 taxa), Ericaceae (18 taxa), Hypericaceae (15 taxa), Apiaceae (10 taxa), and Gentianaceae , Quercus L. (9 taxa), Eupatorium L. (8 taxa), Agalinis Raf. (7 taxa), Polygala L. (7 taxa), Solidago L. (7 taxa), and Viola L. , Cyperaceae (72 taxa), Juncaceae (18 taxa), Orchidaceae (18 taxa), and Xyridaceae , Dichanthelium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould (26 taxa), Juncus L. (18 taxa), Xyris L. (12 taxa), Andropogon L. (10 taxa), and Scleria P.J. Bergius , Cyperaceae (72 taxa), and Asteraceae (66 taxa) are the richest families, followed by Fabaceae (18 taxa), Juncaceae (18 taxa), and Orchidaceae (18 taxa). The richest family of trees and shrubs is Ericaceae (18 taxa), followed by Fagaceae (9 taxa), Hypericaceae (8 taxa), Rosaceae (7 taxa), Aquifoliaceae (4 taxa), and Pinaceae (4 taxa). The richest families of vines are Smilacaceae (5 taxa) and Fabaceae (4 taxa), followed by Bignoniaceae (2 taxa), Convolvulaceae (2 taxa), and Vitaceae , followed by trees and shrubs (83 taxa), and vines (22 taxa). Among the herbs, Among the community types included in this work, the most species-rich is Very Wet Loamy Pine Savanna; the least species-rich is Pine/Scrub Oak Sandhill  has been removed. The list is currently sorted to match the order of the checklist in the manuscript but can easily be resorted any number of ways, including alphabetically by taxon.Brief description: This spreadsheet lists all specimecns (and associated data) collected by the senior author from throughout Shaken Creek Preserve, including specimens collected from the community types treated in this manuscript and from several other community types not treated here . Location data for rare taxa  and for File: oo_7003.xlsRobert ThornhillSupplementary material 7Checklist of TaxaData type: occurenceBrief description: This file is simply a spreadsheet of the data presented in the checklist portion of the manuscript.File: oo_7004.xlsRobert Thornhill"}
{"text": "The correct name is: A. Siebe de Boer. The correct citation is: Nijhuis THJ, de Boer AS, Wahegaonkar AL, Bishop AT, Shin AY, Hovius SER, et al. (2013) A New Approach to Assess the Gastrocnemius Muscle Volume in Rodents Using Ultrasound; Comparison with the Gastrocnemius Muscle Index. PLoS ONE 8(1): e54041. doi:"}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Toru Takeshita. The correct citation is: Ieda S, Moriyama M, Takeshita T, Maehara T, Imabayashi Y, et al. (2014) Molecular Analysis of Fungal Populations in Patients with Oral Candidiasis Using Internal Transcribed Spacer Region. PLoS ONE 9(6): e101156. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101156"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Orkhon Tsogtbaatar. The correct citation is: Won J-H, Tsogtbaatar O, Son W, Singh A, Choi K-W, Cho K-O (2015) Cell Type-Specific Responses to Wingless, Hedgehog and Decapentaplegic Are Essential for Patterning Early Eye-Antenna Disc in Drosophila. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0121999. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Carl-Gustaf Laurell. The correct citation should be: Dom\u00ednguez-Vicent A, Birkeldh U, Laurell CG, Nilson M, Brautaset R (2016) Objective Assessment of Nuclear and Cortical Cataracts through Scheimpflug Images: Agreement with the LOCS III Scale. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149249. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Maryam Rahimi-Balaei. The correct citation is: Mazloom R, Eftekhari G, Rahimi-Balaei M, Khori V, Hajizadeh S, Dehpour AR, et al. (2013) The Role of \u03b17 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Modulation of Heart Rate Dynamics in Endotoxemic Rats. PLoS ONE 8(12): e82251. doi:"}
{"text": "Bullera species in the Trichosporonales  are phylogenetically distinct from Bullera alba , the type species of Bullera that belongs to Tremellales. In the present study, the three Bullera species, namely Bullera formosensis, Bullera koratensis and Bullera lagerstroemiae, and Cryptococcus tepidarius belonging to the Trichosporonales are transferred into a new genus Takashimella gen. nov. (MycoBank No. MB 810672) based on sequence analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, the D1/D2 domains of large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and the ITS+5.8S rRNA gene sequences. In addition, the genus Cryptotrichosporon is emended to accommodate a novel ballistoconidium-forming species of the Trichosporonales, which is named as Cryptotrichosporon tibetense (type strain CGMCC 2.02614T = CBS 10455T). The MycoBank number of this new species is MB 810688. Bullera was established by Derx , MycoBank MB 810672Etymology: This genus is named in honor of Masako Takashima, Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Japan, for her numerous contributions to the taxonomy of yeasts.Cryptotrichosporon can not use either of the two carbon sources. The genera Takashimella and Cryptotrichosporon can be well distinguished from each other by the above physiological tests as well as by the phylogenetic analysis of three ribosomal gene regions  Q.M.Wang comb. nov.Type species: [urn:lsid:indexfungorum.org:names: 810673], MycoBank MB 810673Bullera formosensis Nakase, Tsuzuki & Takashima, J Gen Appl Microbiol, 48: 345, 2002[MB#484489].Basionym: comb. nov. Q. M. Wang [urn:lsid:indexfungorum.org:names: 810674], MycoBank MB 810674Bullera koratensis Fungsin, Takashima, Sugita & Nakase, J Gen Appl Microbiol, 52: 73, 2006 [MB#510194].Basionym: comb. nov. Q. M. Wang [urn:lsid:indexfungorum.org:names: 810686], MycoBank MB 810686Bullera lagerstroemiae Fungsin, Takashima, Sugita & Nakase, J Gen Appl Microbiol, 52: 73, 2006[MB#510193].Basionym: comb. nov. Q. M. Wang [urn:lsid:indexfungorum.org:names: 810687], MycoBank MB 810687Cryptococcus tepidarius Takashima, Sugita, Toriumi & Nakase, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 59: 181, 2009 [MB#514899].Basionym: Cryptotrichosporon clade of Trichosporonales  reaction and urea hydrolysis are positive. The major ubiquinone is CoQ 10. Production of starch-like compounds is variable, which is different from the original diagnosis by Okoli et al. . Sexual [urn:lsid:indexfungorum.org:names: 810688], MycoBank MB 810688tibetense .Etymology: The specific epithet After culturing for 7 days at 17\u00b0C in YM broth, the cells are ovoid or ellipsoidal and are 2.5\u20135.2 \u00d7 4.8\u20138.0 \u03bcm in dimension . The budT is from China: Tibet, Bomi county, from 29\u00b042\u203245\u2032\u2032N 95\u00b035\u203225\u2032\u2032E, 2822 m. Specimens were collected from leaves of Rhododendron aganniphum in July of 2004: coll. Feng-Yan Bai, leaf sample no. XZ20. The additional culture CGMCC 2.02667 is from China: Tibet, Bomi county, 29\u00b040\u203214\u2032\u2032N 95\u00b029\u203249\u2032\u2032E, 2150 m, from leaves of Quercus aquifolioides, July, 2004, coll. Feng-Yan Bai, leaf sample no. XZ25.The type culture CGMCC 2.02614S1 DatasetThe alignment of the combined SSU, D1/D2 domains of LSU and ITS+5.8S rRNA sequences.(TXT)Click here for additional data file.S1 FigThe maximum-likelihood analysis of the D1/D2 domains of LSU rRNA, depicting the relationships of these taxa in the Trichosporonales. Bootstrap percentages over 50% from the 1000 bootstrap replicates are shown. Bar = 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide position.(TIF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The correct name is Else Jacobson. The correct citation is: Jacobson E, Dart AJ, Mondori T, Horadogoda N, Jeffcott LB, Little CB, et al. (2015) Focal Experimental Injury Leads to Widespread Gene Expression and Histologic Changes in Equine Flexor Tendons. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0122220. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct reference is: Mejia N, Lightstone AS, Basurto-Davila R, Morales DM, Sturm R. Neighborhood food environment, diet, and obesity among Los Angeles County adults, 2011. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:150078. DOI: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/15_0352.htm. We regret any confusion or inconvenience this error may have caused.The corrections were made to our website September 4, 2015, and appear online at"}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for these errors.Hyphens were incorrectly omitted from the first three authors\u2019 first names. The correct names are: Jheng-Jie Jiang, Chon-Lin Lee, and Meng-Der Fang. The correct citation is: Jiang J-J, Lee C-L, Fang M-D, Boyd KG, Gibb SW (2015) Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminants: An Approach of Pharmaco-Signature in Water Systems. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0122813. doi:"}
{"text": "Errors occurred during the production of this article in the References section. References 23, 25, 30, 42, and 72 are incorrect. The publisher apologizes for these errors. Please see the corrected version of these references here.23. Johnson JS, Newport EL (1989) Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology 21: 60\u201399. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(89)90003-025. Bialystok E, Miller B (1999) The problem of age in second-language acquisition: Influences from language, structure, and task. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2: 127\u2013145. doi: 10.1017/s136672899900023130. McDonald JL (2000) Grammaticality judgments in a second language: Influences of age of acquisition and native language. Applied Psycholinguistics 21: 395\u2013423. doi: 10.1017/s014271640000306442. Simmons JP, Nelson LD, Simonsohn U (2011) False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science 22: 1359\u20131366. doi: 10.1177/095679761141763272. Koehler JJ (1993) The influence of prior beliefs on scientific judgments of evidence quality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 56: 28\u201355. doi: 10.1006/obhd.1993.1044"}
{"text": "The incorrect reference is given in the References 22\u201335 are missing. Please view these references below.+, K+ and Ca2+ lag growth pulses of Lilium longiflorum pollen tubes. J Cell Sci 1999; 112: 1497\u20131509.22. Messerli MA, Danuser G, Robinson KR. Pulsative influxes of H23. Messerli MA, Creton R, Jaffe LF, Robinson KR. Periodic increases in elongation rate precede increases in cytosolic Ca2+ during pollen tube growth. Dev Biol 2000; 222: 84\u201398.24. Holdaway-Clarke TL, Feij\u00f3 JA, Hackett GR, Kunkel JG, Hepler PK. Pollen tube growth and the intracellular cytosolic calcium gradient oscillate in phase while extracellular calcium influx is delayed. Plant Cell 1997; 9: 1999\u20132010.25. Cardenas L, McKenna ST, Kunkel JG, Hepler PK. NAD(P)H oscillates in pollen tubes and is correlated with tip growth. Plant Physiol 2006; 142: 1460\u20131468.26. Cardenas L, Lovy-Wheeler A, Kunkel JG, Hepler PK. Pollen tube growth oscillations and intercellular calcium levels are reversibly modulated by actin polymerization. Plant Physiol 2008; 146: 1611\u20131621.27. Kroeger JH, Daher FB, Grant M, Geitmann A. Microfilament orientation constrains vesicle flow and spatial distribution in growing pollen tubes. Biophys J 2009; 97: 1822\u20131831.28. Michard E, Alves F, Feijo JA. The role of ion flues in polarized cell growth and morphogenesis: the pollen tube as an experimental paradigm. Int J Dev Biol 2009; 53: 1609\u20131622.29. Liu J. Piette BMAG, Deeks MJ, Franklin-Tong VE, Hussey PJ. A compartmental model analysis of integrative and self-regulatory ion dynamics in pollen tube growth. PLoS ONE 2010; 5: e13157.30. Chavarria-Krauser A,Yejie D. A model of plasma membrane flow and cytosis regulation in growing pollen tubes. J Theor Biol 2011; 285: 10\u201324.10.1371/journal.pone.0018549.31. Kroeger JH, Zerzour R, Geitmann A. Regulator or driving force? The role of turgor pressure in oscillatory plant cell growth. PLoS ONE 2011; 6: e1854. doi:32. Kochian LV, Shaff JE, K\u00fchtreiber WM, Jaffe LF, Lucas WJ. Use of an extracellular, ion-selective, vibrating microelectrode system for the quantification of K+, H+, and Ca2+ fluxes in maize roots and maize suspension cells. Planta 1992; 12: 601\u2013610.33. Shabala SN, Newman IA, Morris J. Oscillations in H+ and Ca2+ ion fluxes around the elongation region of corn roots and effects of external pH. Plant Physiol 1997; 113: 111\u2013118.34. Shabala S, Newman I, Whittington J, Juswono U. Protoplast ion fluxes: their measurement and variation with time, position and osmoticum. Planta 1998; 204: 146\u2013152.http://www.calctool.org/CALC/phys/electromagnetism/solenoid (Date access: 15/05/2014).35. Shipway A, Shipway S. Solenoid properties. Inductance and magnetic B-field. 2008. S4 FigThe elongating zone of the coleoptile is shown in green. The figure is based on the Shipway and Shipway [35] solenoid properties calculator.(TIF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Helge Bruelheide. The correct citation is: Felsmann K, Baudis M, Gimbel K, Kayler ZE, Ellerbrock R, Bruelheide H, et al. (2015) Soil Bacterial Community Structure Responses to Precipitation Reduction and Forest Management in Forest Ecosystems across Germany. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0122539. doi:"}
{"text": "There is an error in the sixth author\u2019s name. Ana Faustino Carlos Rocha should be two separate authors. The correct names are: Ana Faustino-Rocha and Carlos Lopes.Ana Faustino-Rocha should be affiliated with 7 Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001\u2013911, Vila Real, Portugal. Carlos Lopes should be affiliated with 4 Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, CI-IPOP, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200\u2013072 Porto, Portugal.10.1371/journal.pone.0116868The correct citation is: Paiva I, Gil da Costa RM, Ribeiro J, Sousa H, Bastos M, Faustino-Rocha A, et al. (2015) A Role for MicroRNA-155 Expression in Microenvironment Associated to HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis in K14-HPV16 Transgenic Mice. PLoS ONE 10(1): e0116868. doi:The publisher apologizes for the error."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Dirk Spitzer. The correct citation is: Zhong H, Sanchez C, Spitzer D, Plambeck-Suess S, Gibbs J, Hawkins WG, et al. (2013) Synergistic Effects of Concurrent Blockade of PI3K and MEK Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer Preclinical Models. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77243. doi:"}
{"text": "Ks and Ca2+ Cycling. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0122754. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122754The sixth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Zhen Song. The correct citation is: Lau E, Kossidas K, Kim TY, Kunitomo Y, Ziv O, Song Z, et al. (2015) Spatially Discordant Alternans and Arrhythmias in Tachypacing-Induced Cardiac Myopathy in Transgenic LQT1 Rabbits: The Importance of I"}
{"text": "The fifth author\u2019s name is misspelled. The correct name is Kyeong Hyeon Chun. The correct citation is:Jung KS, Kim BK, Kim SU, Chon YE, Chun KH, et al. (2014) Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) in Assessing Hepatic Steatosis in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. PLoS ONE 9(6): e98689. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098689"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Wittenberg Dreazen A, Azar S, Klochendler A, Stolovich-Rain M, Avraham S, Birnbaum L, et al. (2016) Phosphorylated Ribosomal Protein S6 Is Required for Akt-Driven Hyperplasia and Malignant Transformation, but Not for Hypertrophy, Aneuploidy and Hyperfunction of Pancreatic \u03b2-Cells. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149995. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Antonio Reverter. The correct citation is: Kong B-W, Lassiter K, Piekarski-Welsher A, Dridi S, Reverter A, Hudson NJ, et al. (2016) Proteomics of Breast Muscle Tissue Associated with the Phenotypic Expression of Feed Efficiency within a Pedigree Male Broiler Line: I. Highlight on Mitochondria. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0155679. doi:"}
{"text": "The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Ashton Shiraz. The correct citation is: Gershon TR, Shiraz A, Qin L-X, Gerald WL, Kenney AM, et al. (2009) Enteric Neural Crest Differentiation in Ganglioneuromas Implicates Hedgehog Signaling in Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumor Pathogenesis. PLoS ONE 4(10): e7491. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007491"}
{"text": "Accessed 5/21/2015.There is an error in reference 13. The correct reference is: Whelton AJ, Rosen JS, Clancy J, Clancy T, Ergul A (2014) The Crude MCHM Chemical Spill 10\u2010Home Study: Tap Water Chemical Analysis. Available:"}
{"text": "Pathogens is instituting annual awards to recognize the most outstanding papers in the areas of all aspects of pathogens and pathogen-host interactions published in Pathogens.Pathogens Best Paper Awards\u201d. Nominations were selected by the Editor-in-Chief and several Editorial Board members of Pathogens from all original research articles published in 2013 or 2014.We are pleased to announce the recipients of the first \u201cPathogens Best Paper Awards\u201d for 2015. I congratulate all of the authors and thank them for their significant and important contributions to the field of pathogens. I also thank the members of the Selection Committee for their efforts.We are pleased to announce that the following three papers were chosen to receive \u201cArticle AwardFirst PrizeEric W. Rogier, Aubrey L. Frantz, Maria E. C. Bruno and Charlotte S. KaetzelSecretory IgA is Concentrated in the Outer Layer of Colonic Mucus along with Gut BacteriaPathogens2014, 3(2), 390-403; doi:10.3390/pathogens3020390http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/3/2/390Available online: Second PrizeAnthony F. Barbet, Basima Al-Khedery, Snorre Stuen, Erik G. Granquist, Roderick F. Felsheim and Ulrike G. MunderlohAn Emerging Tick-Borne Disease of Humans Is Caused by a Subset of Strains with Conserved Genome StructurePathogens2013, 2(3), 544-555; doi:10.3390/pathogens2030544http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/2/3/544Available online: Third PrizePhilippe G\u00e9rardMetabolism of Cholesterol and Bile Acids by the Gut MicrobiotaPathogens2014, 3(1), 14-24; doi:10.3390/pathogens3010014http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/3/1/14Available online: Award Selection CommitteeEditor-in-ChiefProf. Dr. Lawrence S. YoungPro-Vice Chancellor, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKL.S.Young@warwick.ac.ukE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberDr. Jean-Pierre GorvelCentre d'immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille, CEDEX 09, Francegorvel@ciml.univ-mrs.frE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberProf. Dr. Moriya TsujiHIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Affiliate of The Rockefeller University, 455 First Ave, Room 747, New York, NY 10016, USAmtsuji@adarc.orgE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberProf. Dr. Howard F. JenkinsonUniversity of Bristol, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UKHoward.Jenkinson@bristol.ac.ukE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberProf. Dr. Jean E. CrabtreeMolecular Gastroenterology Section, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UKJ.Crabtree@leeds.ac.ukE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberDr. Frank LafontCenter of Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille-CNRS UMR8204-INSERM U1019- 1 rue du Prof Calmette, F-59021 Lille, Francefrank.lafont@pasteur-lille.frE-Mail:"}
{"text": "This erratum corrects article: \u201cMaternal mortality in Cameroon: a university teaching hospital report.\u201d The Pan African Medical Journal. 2015;21:16. doi:10.11604/pamj.2015.21.16.3912 These have been corrected.The original version of this article [Pierre-Marie Tebeu, Gregory Halle-Ekane, Maxwell Da Itambi, Robinson Mbu Enow, Yvette Mawamba, Joseph Nelson Fomulu.The authors\u2019 names of have been changed to:"}
{"text": "The correct name is Yu Cui. The correct citation is: Wang S, Cui Y, Wang C, Xie W, Ma L, Zhu J, et al. (2015) Protective Effects of Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Nutrients in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. PLoS ONE 10(11): e0143135. doi:"}
{"text": "SCOP2 prototype: a new approach to protein structure mining.Antonina Andreeva, Dave Howorth, Cyrus Chothia, Eugene Kulesha and Alexey G. MuzinNucl. Acids Res. (2014) 42 (D1): D310-D314. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt1242.In the above article one relevant funding source mistakenly has been omitted. The correct funding statement is below.Medical Research Council (MRC) [MC_U105192716]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (in part) [BB/I024917/1]; National Institutes of Health [R01-GM073109] through the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 . Funding for open access charge: The MRC core funding."}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name is misspelled. The correct name is: W. Michael Hooten.10.1371/journal.pone.0126351The correct citation is: Kadimpati S, Zale EL, Hooten WM, Ditre JW, Warner DO (2015) Associations between Neuroticism and Depression in Relation to Catastrophizing and Pain-Related Anxiety in Chronic Pain Patients. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0126351. doi:"}
{"text": "Opuntia ficus-indica L.) Generates Flavonoid Derivatives with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0152575. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152575The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Nadia Thligene. The correct citation is: Filannino P, Cavoski I, Thligene N, Vincentini O, De Angelis M, Silano M, et al. (2016) Lactic Acid Fermentation of Cactus Cladodes ("}
{"text": "The correct name is: Nazim Benzerdjeb. The correct citation is: Ay A-S, Benzerdjeb N, Sevestre H, Ahidouch A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H (2013) Orai3 Constitutes a Native Store-Operated Calcium Entry That Regulates Non Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation. PLoS ONE 8(9): e72889. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Amelia Carminha-Silva. The correction citation is: Witzig M, Camarinha-Silva A, Green-Engert R, Hoelzle K, Zeller E, Seifert J, et al. (2015) Spatial Variation of the Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens as Affected by Dietary Available Phosphorus and Assessed by T-RFLP Analysis and 454 Pyrosequencing. PLoS ONE 10(11): e0143442."}
{"text": "The following information is missing from the Acknowledgments section: We thank Patrick O\u2019Hara and his colleagues in the Oil-in-Canadian-Waters research group  for extensive analysis of vessel count, speed and location data to facilitate our acoustic analyses.There are several errors in the References section. References 3, 4, 28, 29, 30, 36, 37, 38, 39, and 55 are incorrect. The correct references are as follows:3. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2011) Recovery Strategy for the Northern and Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Ottawa: Fisheries and Oceans Canada.4. National Marine Fisheries Service (2008) Recovery Plan for Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca). Seattle, WA, USA: National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Region. 251 p.28. Donovan CR, Harris C, Harwood J, Milazzo L. A Simulation-Based Method for Quantifying and Mitigating the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals; 2012; Edinburgh, Scotland. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics.29. Federal Court (2010) Northern and Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in Canada: Critical Habitat Protection Statement. In: Ecojustice, editor. 2010 FC 1233 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Federal Court of Appeal. pp. 127.30. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (2010) Recovery Strategy for the North Pacific Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Canada [DRAFT]. In: Canada FaO, editor. Ottawa: Government of Canada. pp. x + 51 pp.36. Williams R, Thomas L (2007) Distribution and abundance of marine mammals in the coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 9: 15-28.37. Williams R, Ashe E, O'Hara PD (2011) Marine mammals and debris in coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62: 1303-1316.38. Williams R, O'Hara P (2010) Modelling ship strike risk to fin, humpback and killer whales in British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 11: 1-8.39. Williams R, Grand J, Hooker SK, Buckland ST, Reeves RR, et al. (2014) Prioritizing global marine mammal habitats using density maps in place of range maps. Ecography 37: 212\u2013220.55. Breeding JE, Pflug LA, Bradley M, Walrod MH, McBride W (1996) Research Ambient Noise Directionality (RANDI) 3.1 Physics Description. Planning System Incorporated."}
{"text": "AbstractVigna Savi, subgenus Ceratotropis (Piper) Verdc., Vignayadavii S.P. Gaikwad, R.D. Gore, S.D. Randive & K.U. Garad, sp. nov. is described and illustrated here. It is morphologically close to Vignadalzelliana (Kuntze) Verdc. but differs in its underground obligate cleistogamous flowers on positively geotropic branches, hairy calyx, small corolla, linear style beak and dimorphic seeds with shiny seed coat.A new species of  Vigna Savi is a large pantropical genus of the tribe Phaseoleae with 90 species distributed in six subgenera (Vigna only the subgenus Ceratotropis (Piper) Verdc. has its center of species diversity in Asia and it is popularly known as Asian Vigna  Verdc.  Verdc. . HoweverLeguminosae \u2013 Papilionoideae in Western Ghats of India, the authors collected an interesting species of Vigna on hill slopes at about 1200 m elevation above mean sea level in Nasik and Satara districts of Maharashtra, India. It interestingly possesses underground cleistogamous flowers on positively geotropic branches. This unusual character of Vigna species encouraged its detailed study, which revealed that it represents an un-described species of the genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis. It has been confirmed by the perusal of relevant literature ; Identification: identifiedBy: S.P. Gaikwad; R.D. Gore; Event: eventDate: 9-11-2012; habitat: Western Ghats; fieldNumber: RD Gore 1040; fieldNotes: Twining herbs; flowers both chasmogamous (yellow) and cleistogamous ; Record Level: language: English; institutionID: Walchand College of Arts & Science, SolapurType status:Other material. Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Nasik District; locality: Kasara-Ghat near Igatpuri; Identification: identifiedBy: S.P. Gaikwad; R.D. Gore; Event: eventDate: 10-11-2012; habitat: Western Ghats; fieldNumber: SD Randive 322; fieldNotes: Twining herbs; flowers yellow; pods slightly hairy; Record Level: language: English; institutionID: Walchand College of Arts & Science, SolapurType status:Other material. Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Karnataka; municipality: Chickmanglur District; locality: Bhabathi\u2013Gangamula; Event: eventDate: 8-10-1979; fieldNumber: KFP 9702; Record Level: language: English; institutionID: St. Joseph College, BangaloreType status:Other material. Location: continent: Asia; country: India; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Satara District; locality: Pasarnighat; Event: eventDate: 21-10-2011; fieldNumber: SP Sutar 156; Record Level: language: English; institutionID: SUKType status:Other material. Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Pune District; locality: Parvati; Event: eventDate: 5-8-1960; fieldNumber: KNS 64502; fieldNotes: Common; Record Level: language: English; institutionID: BSI, PuneType status:Other material. Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Pune district; locality: Shivneri fort; Event: eventDate: 10-10-1962; fieldNumber: Rolla Rao 83523; Record Level: language: English; institutionID: BSI, PuneType status:Other material. Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Sangli District; locality: Dandoba hills (Miraj); Event: eventDate: 28-9-1989; fieldNumber: AN Londhe 170037; Record Level: language: English; institutionID: BSI, PuneChasmogamous flowers 2\u20136 in axillary or terminal, lax racemes, yellow, 4.5\u20136 x 7\u20139 mm; peduncle slender, 1.5\u20133 cm long, densely covered with retrose whitish-brown hairs as young branches; pedicels short, 2\u20132.5 mm long, densely covered with whitish-brown hairs; bracts linear-lanceolate, 3\u20134 mm long, herbaceous, densely covered with 1\u20132 mm long hairs; bracteoles inserted just above the bract, linear, 3\u20133.5 mm long, acute at apex, densely hairy as bract. Calyx campanulate, hairy; tube c. 3 mm long; teeth triangular, 1.2 x 1 mm, sparsely hairy along margins. Standard yellow, asymmetrical, broadly ovate, 4.5\u20136 x 7\u20139 mm, emarginate at apex, central protuberance (up to 1 mm long) inside; claw c. 3 mm long. Wing petals yellow at upper portion and whitish below, 5\u20136 x 2.5\u20133 mm, membranous; right wing half concealing the upper portion of keel petals; left wing spreading horizontally and supported by a pocket on left hand keel petal. Keel petals yellowish, 5\u20136 mm long, spirally incurved with horn-like 1.6\u20132 mm long pocket, obtuse at apex. Stamens 9+1, included; staminal tube 5\u20136 mm long; filaments of staminal tube c. 5 mm long; free filament c. 10 mm long; anthers basifixed, 0.2\u20130.3 mm long. Style filiform 7\u20139 mm long, bearded at apex, broadly \u2018S\u2019 shaped before stigma, shortly beaked beyond the stigma; the beak linear, 0.4\u20130.5 mm long; ovary linear, 4.5\u20135 x 1\u20131.4 mm, minutely hairy. Pods cylindrical, 3\u20136 x 0.3\u20130.4 cm, apex acute slightly curved, sparsely hairy. Seed 6\u201312, rectangular, 2.5\u20133 x 2\u20132.2 mm, dark brown, mottled with black patches; seed coat shiny; hilum protruded out and well developed, elliptic, 0.9\u20131 mm long, white. Germination hypogeal; the first and second leaves simple, petiolate, ovate, base rounded, apex acute, sparsely hairy. Cleistogamous flowers 2\u20134 on 2\u20135 cm long peduncles, white , 4\u20134.5 x 2\u20132.5 mm, remain closed; pedicels 1\u20131.2 mm long, minutely hairy; bracts elliptic\u2013lanceolate, 1\u20132 mm long, acute at apex, hairy along margins with bulbous based, 0.4\u20130.7 mm long hairs, 1-nerved; bracteoles linear, 0.7\u20131.2 mm long, covered with white spreading, 0.3\u20130.5 mm long hairs. Calyx campanulate, membranous, c. 2.5 mm long; teeth triangular, c. 0.7 mm long, glabrescent. Standard, wing and keel petals are similar to that of chasmogamous flowers except smaller in size. Stamens 9+1, filiform; filaments 3.2\u20133.5 mm long; anthers basifixed, yellowish, 0.2\u20130.25 mm long. Style filiform, 3.2\u20133.9 mm long, shortly beaked beyond the stigma; beak linear, 0.2\u20130.3 mm long. Pods cylindrical, 1.5\u20132.5 cm long, usually curved, white , glabrescent, apex acuminate. Seeds 3\u20135, whitish brown, oblong or sub-cylindric, 2.5\u20133 x 2\u20132.2 mm; seed coat shiny; hilum poorly developed, not protruded out, linear, 1\u20131.1 mm long, yellowish-white. Germination hypogeal; the first and second leaves simple, petiolate, ovate, elliptic, base rounded, apex acute, sparsely hairy.  Verdc. but differs in its underground obligate cleistogamous flowers on positively geotropic branches, hairy calyx, small corolla, linear style beak and dimorphic seeds.The species is named in honor of Prof. S.R. Yadav, Department of Botany, Shivaji University Kolhapur, India (MS), in recognition of his valuable contribution to taxonomy of flowering plants of Western Ghats of India.India, Maharashtra, Nasik Dist., Kasara-Ghat near Igatpuri and Kalvan, Saptashrungi hills; Satara Dist., Thoseghar.Vignayadavii is a twining annual herb, which grows on hill slopes in grasses and herbs at about 1200 m elevation from above sea level in Western Ghats of India. The common associates of the species are Abelmoschusmanihot (L.) Medik., Apludamutica L., Carissacongesta Wt., Crotalariapallida Ait., C.mysorensis Roth., C.leptostachya Benth., Cymbopogonmartinii (Roxb.) Wats., Elephantopusscaber L., Eragrostis spp., Flemingiastrobilifera (L.) R.Br. ex Ait., Hemidesmusindicus (L.) R.Br. ex Shult., Themeda spp. and Urenalobata L.Vignayadavii shows morphological similarities with Vignadalzelliana (Kuntze) Verdc. but differs from the latter species by the characters given in Table V.yadavii. In addition to this, dimorphic seeds and differences in hilum, aril, style beak and corolla are also useful distinguishing characteristics of the new species. Vignadalzelliana has a unique flattened style beak but that of V.yadavii is linear. The poorly developed aril of seeds of the cleistogamous flowers is also diagnostic feature of V.yadavii.During rainy season (August\u2013November), the species produces chasmogamous flowers on aerial branches and underground obligate cleistogamous flowers on positively geotropic branches. The cleistogamous flowers are much smaller than chasmogamous flowers and white-albino in color. They remain closed. The pods of cleistogamous flowers are colorless, short, curved and 3\u20135-seeded. There are no structural differences in chasmogamic and cleistogamic flowers except for the smaller size and white albino color of the latter."}
{"text": "Pseudomonas Pneumonia. PLoS ONE 9(3): e90232. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090232The third author\u2019s name is incorrect. The correct name is David Nobuhiro Douda. The correct citation is: Mehl A, Ghorbani P, Douda DN, Huang H, Palaniyar N, et al. (2014) Effect of Arginase Inhibition on Pulmonary L-Arginine Metabolism in Murine"}
{"text": "In Vivo Current Source Density Analysis. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0132630. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132630The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Sylvain Barriere. The fourth author\u2019s name also contains an additional space. The correct name is: Pierre-Pascal Lenck-Santini. The correct citation is: Flynn SP, Barriere S, Scott RC, Lenck-Santini P-P, Holmes GL (2015) Status Epilepticus Induced Spontaneous Dentate Gyrus Spikes:"}
{"text": "The third author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Asokan Devarajan. The correct citation is: Farooq SM, Boppana NB, Devarajan A, Sekaran SD, Shankar EM, et al. (2014) C-Phycocyanin Confers Protection against Oxalate-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in MDCK Cells. PLoS ONE 9(4): e93056. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093056"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1786010.1038/srep17860; published online: 12112015; updated: 03042016In this Article, an additional affiliation for Gl\u00edcia Maria de Almeida was omitted. The correct affiliation is listed below:Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in India. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149156. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149156.There are errors in the second and eighth authors\u2019 names. Their names should read: Anamika Ghose and Atanu Chakravarty. The corrected citation is: Choudhury D, Ghose A, Dhar Chanda D, Das Talukdar A, Dutta Choudhury M, Paul D, et al. (2016) Premature Termination of MexR Leads to Overexpression of MexAB-OprM Efflux Pump in"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Tobias Pflugshaupt. The correct citation is: Ottiger B, Vanbellingen T, Gabriel C, Huberle E, Koenig-Bruhin M, Pflugshaupt T, et al. (2015) Validation of the New Lucerne ICF Based Multidisciplinary Observation Scale (LIMOS) for Stroke Patients. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0130925. doi:"}
{"text": "Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from the Mexican Northeastern Region. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0148430. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148430The first author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Maria Teresa Garza-Gonzalez. The correct citation is: Garza-Gonzalez MT, Barboza Perez D, Vazquez Rodriguez A, Garcia-Gutierrez DI, Zarate X, Cant\u00fa Cardenas ME, et al. (2016) Metal-Induced Production of a Novel Bioadsorbent Exopolysaccharide in a Native"}
{"text": "The class Chlorophyceae (Chlorophyta) includes morphologically and ecologically diverse green algae. Most of the documented species belong to the clade formed by the Chlamydomonadales  and Sphaeropleales. Although studies based on the nuclear 18S rRNA gene or a few combined genes have shed light on the diversity and phylogenetic structure of the Chlamydomonadales, the positions of many of the monophyletic groups identified remain uncertain. Here, we used a chloroplast phylogenomic approach to delineate the relationships among these lineages.Jenufa) that was suspected to be sister to the Golenkiniaceae, and two sphaeroplealeans. Using Bayesian and/or maximum likelihood inference methods, we analyzed an amino acid data set that was assembled from 69 cpDNA-encoded proteins of 73 core chlorophyte (including 33 chlorophyceans), as well as two nucleotide data sets that were generated from the 69 genes coding for these proteins and 29 RNA-coding genes. The protein and gene phylogenies were congruent and robustly resolved the branching order of most of the investigated lineages. Within the Chlamydomonadales, 22 taxa formed an assemblage of five major clades/lineages. The earliest-diverging clade displayed Hafniomonas laevis and the Crucicarteria, and was followed by the Radicarteria and then by the Chloromonadinia. The latter lineage was sister to two superclades, one consisting of the Oogamochlamydinia and Reinhardtinia and the other of the Caudivolvoxa and Xenovolvoxa. To our surprise, the Jenufa species and the two spine-bearing green algae belonging to the Golenkinia and Treubaria genera were recovered in a highly supported monophyletic group that also included three taxa representing distinct families of the Sphaeropleales .To generate the analyzed amino acid and nucleotide data sets, we sequenced the chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs) of 24 chlorophycean taxa; these included representatives from 16 of the 21 primary clades previously recognized in the Chlamydomonadales, two taxa from a coccoid lineage  contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. The Chlorophyceae occupies the crown of the Chlorophyta, one of the two divisions of the Viridiplantae . This moatpB, psaB, rbcL) ; Pedinomonas tuberculata SAG 42.84, [GenBank:KM462867]; Marsupiomonas sp. NIES 1824, [GenBank:KM462870]; Pseudochloris wilhelmii SAG 1.80, [GenBank:KM462886]; Chlorella variabilis NC64A, [GenBank:NC_015359]; Chlorella vulgaris C-27, [GenBank:NC_001865]; Dicloster acuatus SAG 41.98, [GenBank:KM462885]; Marvania geminata SAG 12.88, [GenBank:KM462888]; Parachlorella kessleri SAG 211-11\u00a0g, [GenBank:NC_012978]; Botryococcus braunii SAG 807\u20131, [GenBank:KM462884]; Choricystis minor SAG 17.98, [GenBank:KM462878]; Coccomyxa subellipsoidea NIES 2166, [GenBank:NC_015084]; Elliptochloris bilobata CAUP H7103, [GenBank:KM462887]; Paradoxia multiseta SAG 18.84, [GenBank:KM462879]; Trebouxiophyceae sp. MX-AZ01, [GenBank:NC_018569]; Geminella minor SAG 22.88, [GenBank:KM462883]; Geminella terricola SAG 20.91, [GenBank:KM462881]; Gloeotilopsis sterilis UTEX 1704, [GenBank:KM462877]; Fusochloris perforata SAG 28.85, [GenBank:KM462882]; Microthamnion kuetzingianum UTEX 318, [GenBank:KM462876]; Oocystis solitaria SAG 83.80, [GenBank:FJ968739]; Planctonema lauterbornii SAG 68.94, [GenBank:KM462880]; \u201cChlorella\u201d mirabilis SAG 38.88, [GenBank:KM462865]; Koliella longiseta UTEX 339, [GenBank:KM462868]; Pabia signiensis SAG 7.90, [GenBank:KM462866]; Stichococcus bacillaris UTEX 176, [GenBank:KM462864]; Prasiolopsis sp. SAG 84.81, [GenBank:KM462862]; Myrmecia israelensis UTEX 1181, [GenBank:KM462861]; Trebouxia aggregata SAG 219-1D, [GenBank:EU123962-EU124002]; Dictyochloropsis reticulata SAG 2150, [GenBank:KM462860]; Watanabea reniformis SAG 211-9b, [GenBank:KM462863]; Pleurastrosarcina brevispinosa UTEX 1176, [GenBank:KM462875]; \u201cKoliella\u201d corcontica SAG 24.84, [GenBank:KM462874]; Leptosira terrestris UTEX 333, [GenBank:NC_009681]; Lobosphaera incisa SAG 2007, [GenBank:KM462871]; Neocystis brevis CAUP D802, [GenBank:KM462873]; Parietochloris pseudoalveolaris UTEX 975, [GenBank:KM462869]; Xylochloris irregularis CAUP H7801, [GenBank:KM462872]; Oltmannsiellopsis viridis NIES 360, [GenBank:NC_008099]; Pseudendoclonium akinetum UTEX 1912, [GenBank:NC_008114]; Oedogonium cardiacum SAG 575-1b, [GenBank:NC_011031]; Floydiella terrestris UTEX 1709, [GenBank:NC_014346]; Stigeoclonium helveticum UTEX 441, [GenBank:NC_008372]; Schizomeris leibleinii UTEX LB 1228, [GenBank:NC_015645]; Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX 393, [GenBank:NC_008101]; Chlamydomonas moewusii UTEX 97, [GenBank:EF587443-EF587503]; Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/18, [GenBank:NC_016732]; Volvox carteri f. nagariensis UTEX 2908, [GenBank:GU084820]; and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, [GenBank:NC_005353].The chloroplast genomes of 73 core chlorophyte taxa were used to generate the analyzed amino acid and nucleotide data sets. The GenBank accession numbers of the genomes sequenced in this study are presented in Table\u00a0atpA, B, E, F, H, I, ccsA, cemA, chlB, L, N, clpP, ftsH, infA, petA, B, D, G, L, psaA, B, C, J, M, psbA, B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, T, Z, rbcL, rpl2, 5, 12, 14, 16, 20, 23, 32, 36, rpoA, B, C1, C2, rps2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 18, 19, tufA, ycf1, 3, 4, 12. This data set was prepared as follows: the deduced amino acid sequences from the 69 individual genes were aligned using MUSCLE 3.7 [A total of 69 protein-coding genes were used to construct the amino acid data set (PCG-AA): SCLE 3.7 , the ambSCLE 3.7  with theSCLE 3.7 .Phylogenies were inferred from the PCG-AA data set using the ML and Bayesian methods. ML analyses were carried out using RAxML 8.1.14  and the rrf, rrl, rrs, trnA (ugc), C (gca), D (guc), E (uuc), F (gaa), G (gcc), G (ucc), H (gug), I (cau), I (gau), K (uuu), L (uaa), L (uag), Me (cau), Mf (cau), N (guu), P (ugg), Q (uug), R (acg), R (ucu), S (gcu), S (uga), T (ugu), V (uac), W (cca), Y (gua). The latter genes were aligned using MUSCLE 3.7 [Two DNA datasets were constructed: PCG123degenRNA  and PCG12RNA (first and second codon positions of the 69 protein-coding genes plus three rRNA genes and 26 tRNA genes). The PCG123degenRNA data set was prepared as follows. The multiple sequence alignment of each protein was converted into a codon alignment, the poorly aligned and divergent regions in each codon alignment were excluded using Gblocks 0.91b  with theSCLE 3.7 , the ambSCLE 3.7  with theSCLE 3.7 . To obtaSCLE 3.7  and the ML analyses of the PCG12RNA and PCG123degenRNA nucleotide data sets were carried out using RAxML 8.1.14  and the Nucleotide substitution saturation for each of the three codon positions of concatenated chlorophycean protein coding genes was assessed using the test of Xia et al.  implemenThe sequence data generated in this study are available in GenBank under the accession numbers KT624630 - KT625422 (see Table"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Lei Jia. The correct citation is: Liu Z, Ding S, Kropachev K, Jia L, Amin S, Broyde S, et al. (2015) Resistance to Nucleotide Excision Repair of Bulky Guanine Adducts Opposite Abasic Sites in DNA Duplexes and Relationships between Structure and Function. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0137124. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: C. Noel Bairey Merz. The correct citation is: Jeon CY, Pandol SJ, Wu B, Cook-Wiens G, Gottlieb RA, Bairey Merz CN, et al. (2015) The Association of Statin Use after Cancer Diagnosis with Survival in Pancreatic Cancer Patients: A SEER-Medicare Analysis. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0121783. doi:"}
{"text": "The fifth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Flore Amat. The correct citation is: Moussu L, Saint-Pierre P, Panayotopoulos V, Couderc R, Amat F, et al. (2014) Determinants of Allergic Rhinitis in Young Children with Asthma. PLoS ONE 9(5): e97236. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097236"}
{"text": "Clarifying the Mechanisms of Antidepressants. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 19(1). doi: The International Journal of Neurop sychopharmacology, the Focus Paper DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv104 was published without its related research article. The research article is:In Volume 19, Issue 1 of Domschke K, Zwanzger P, Rehbein MA, Steinberg C, Knoke K, Dobel C, Klinkenberg I, Kugel H, Kersting A, Arolt V, Pantev C, Junghofer M. Magnetoencephalographic Correlates of Emotional Processing in Major Depression Before and After Pharmacological Treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv093.It will publish in Volume 19, issue 2."}
{"text": "The sixth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Gloria Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza.10.1371/journal.pone.0082597The correct citation is: Montenegro-Miranda PS, Pa\u00f1eda A, ten Bloemendaal L, Duijst S, de Waart DR, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G, et al. (2013) Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Serotype 5 Poorly Transduces Liver in Rat Models. PLoS ONE 8(12): e82597. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Maria Yadira Hurley. The correct citation is: Greenberg RN, Hurley MY, Dinh DV, Mraz S, Vera JG, von Bredow D, et al. (2015) A Multicenter, Open-Label, Controlled Phase II Study to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of MVA Smallpox Vaccine (IMVAMUNE) in 18\u201340 Year Old Subjects with Diagnosed Atopic Dermatitis. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0138348. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Rajasekaran Bhavna. The correct citation is: Bhavna R, Uriu K, Valentin G, Tinevez J-Y, Oates AC (2016) Object Segmentation and Ground Truth in 3D Embryonic Imaging. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0150853. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is Maria del sol Granados. The correct citation is: Herrador Z, Gherasim A, Jimenez BC, Granados M, San Mart\u00edn JV, Aparicio P (2015) Epidemiological Changes in Leishmaniasis in Spain According to Hospitalization-Based Records, 1997\u20132011: Raising Awareness towards Leishmaniasis in Non-HIV Patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(3): e0003594. doi:"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Marco G. Cecchini. The correct citation is: Rossnagl S, von Au A, Vasel M, Cecchini MG, Nakchbandi IA (2014) Blood Clot Formation Does Not Affect Metastasis Formation or Tumor Growth in a Murine Model of Breast Cancer. PLoS ONE 9(4): e94922. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094922"}
{"text": "The reference is: Silal, S. P., Little, F., Barnes, K. I., & White, L. J. (2014) Towards malaria elimination in Mpumalanga, South Africa: a population-level mathematical modelling approach. Malaria Journal, 3:297.The reference Silal The caption of Fig 1 is incomplete in the published article. Please see"}
{"text": "AbstractDidelphis sp., 40 Didelphisvirginiana, 15 Didelphismarsupialis, and 5 Philanderopossum) were collected in 18 localities from 12 Mexican states. A total of 12,188 helminths representing 21 taxa were identified . Sixty-six new locality records, 9 new host records, and one species, the trematode Brachylaimadidelphus, is added to the composition of the helminth fauna of the opossums in Mexico. These data, in conjunction with previous records, bring the number of taxa parasitizing the Mexican terrestrial marsupials to 41. Among these species, we recognized a group of helminths typical of didelphids in other parts of the Americas. This group is constituted by the trematode Rhopaliascoronatus, the acanthocephalan Oligacanthorhynchusmicrocephalus and the nematodes Cruziatentaculata, Gnathostomaturgidum, and Turgidaturgida. In general, the helminth fauna of each didelphid species showed a stable taxonomic composition with respect to previously sampled sites. This situation suggests that the rate of accumulation of helminth species in the inventory of these 3 species of terrestrial marsupials in the Neotropical portion of Mexico is decreasing; however, new samplings in the Nearctic portion of this country will probably increase the richness of the helminthological inventory of this group of mammals.From August 2011 to November 2013, 68 opossums (8  Didelphisvirginiana Kerr, the common opossum Didelphismarsupialis Linnaeus, and the Gray four-eyed opossum Philanderopossum Linnaeus) from this country. However, the knowledge of the helminth richness associated with this host group is incomplete due to the wide distribution of these mammals in Mexico. Didelphismarsupialis occurs from Tamaulipas State and west San Luis Potos\u00ed until the Yucat\u00e1n peninsula. Didelphisvirginiana inhabits almost all of Mexico, except for the central Plateau and Baja California peninsula. Philanderopossum occurs from south Tamaulipas State along the Gulf of Mexico coast and Chiapas State  were collected in 18 localities from 12 Mexican states Site of infection. Intestine.Present records. CHIAPAS: Agua Fr\u00eda\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana, Didelphis sp., Philanderopossum; Finca Brasil\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana, Philanderopossum. OAXACA: Cerro del Tepezcuintle\u2020, San Miguel Soyaltepec\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. TABASCO: Cunduac\u00e1n\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana; Grutas de Cocon\u00e1\u2020, Teapa\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis. VERACRUZ: Los Tuxtlas: PageBreakDidelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana, Philanderopossum; Tlacotalpan\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphis sp. YUCAT\u00c1N: M\u00e9rida\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis.Specimens deposited. CNHE 9488\u20139504.Previous records in Mexico. CHIAPAS: Motozintla: Didelphis sp. . OAXACA: Cuicatl\u00e1n: Didelphis sp. . QUINTANA ROO: Rancho La Ceiba: Didelphismarsupialis Phylum Oligacanthorhynchidae Southwell & Macfie, 1925Family Oligacanthorhynchusmicrocephalus  Schmidt, 1972Site of infection. Intestine.Present records. HIDALGO: Tianguistengo\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana.Specimens deposited. CNHE 9510.Previous records in Mexico. CAMPECHE: Esc\u00e1rcega: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana . COLIMA: Tecom\u00e1n: Didelphisvirginiana ; Cascadas de Agua Azul: Didelphisvirginiana (Prado-Ancona 1993); Finca Brasil: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana, Philanderopossum . MICHOAC\u00c1N: Agua Blanca: Didelphisvirginiana (Prado-Ancona 1993). GUANAJUATO: Rinc\u00f3n de Mart\u00ednez: Didelphisvirginiana . MORELOS: Progreso: Didelphisvirginiana ; Temascal: Didelphisvirginiana ; Rancher\u00eda el Boquer\u00f3n: Didelphismarsupialis (Philanderopossum (Prado-Ancona 1993). VERACRUZ: Los PageBreakTuxtlas: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana, Philanderopossum . YUCAT\u00c1N: M\u00e9rida: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana .rginiana . CHIAPASrginiana . OAXACA:rginiana . TABASCOsupialis ; R\u00edo OxoRemarks. With the exception of records made by L\u00f3pez-Caballero et al. (2015) all other previous records were listed as Oligacanthorhynchustortuosa, but this species is a junior synonym of Oligacanthorhynchusmicrocephalus  Schmidt, 1972Site of infection. Intestine.Present records. VERACRUZ: Los Tuxtlas: Didelphismarsupialis*.Specimens deposited. CNHE 9511\u201312.Previous records in Mexico. VERACRUZ: Los Tuxtlas: Didelphisvirginiana , as well as its size and arrangement fits to the morphology mentioned by Machado (1950).Plagiorhynchidae Golvan, 1960Family Porrorchisnickoli Salgado-Maldonado & Cruz-Reyes, 2002Site of infection. Intestine.Present records. VERACRUZ: Los Tuxtlas: Didelphisvirginiana.Specimens deposited. CNHE 9513.Previous records in Mexico. CHIAPAS: Cascadas de Agua Azul: Didelphisvirginiana . GUERRERO: Laguna de Tres Palos, Taxco: Didelphisvirginiana  Travassos, 1917Site of infection. Caecum.Present records. CAMPECHE: Esc\u00e1rcega\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana. CHIAPAS: Arriaga\u2020: Didelphis sp., Didelphisvirginiana; Tapachula\u2020: PageBreakDidelphis sp., Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana. COLIMA: Colima\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Pedregal de San \u00c1ngel\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. GUANAJUATO: Irapuato\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. HIDALGO: Tianguistengo\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. MORELOS: Tepoztl\u00e1n\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. OAXACA: Soyaltepec\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. PUEBLA: Carretera Coapan-Huajuapan de Le\u00f3n\u2020: Didelphis sp.; Coapan\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana; Zapotitl\u00e1n Salinas\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. TABASCO: Teapa\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis; Villahermosa\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. VERACRUZ: Los Tuxtlas: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana, Philanderopossum; Tlacotalpan\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana, Philanderopossum. YUCAT\u00c1N: M\u00e9rida\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana; Tzucacab\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis.Specimens deposited. CNHE 8999, 9000\u201317, 9533\u20139540, 9557, 9563.Previous records in Mexico. CHIAPAS: Motozintla: Didelphis sp. . NUEVO LE\u00d3N: San Nicol\u00e1s de los Garza: Didelphisvirginiana ; liver (sub-adult).Present records. CHIAPAS: Arriaga\u2020: Didelphis sp. COLIMA: Colima\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. OAXACA: Soyaltepec\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. TABASCO: Teapa\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis. VERACRUZ: Tlacotalpan: Didelphisvirginiana.Specimens deposited. CNHE 8979\u201386, 9548\u20139549.Previous records in Mexico. CHIAPAS: Jaltenengo: Didelphismarsupialis  and Gongylonemapulchrum (in Chiapas) (Chiapas) . The spePhysalopteridae Railliet, 1893Family Turgidaturgida Rudolphi, 1819Site of infection. Stomach.Present records. CAMPECHE: Esc\u00e1rcega\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana. CHIAPAS: Arriaga\u2020: Didelphis sp.; Tapachula\u2020: Didelphis sp.; Didelphismarsupialis. COLIMA: Colima: Didelphisvirginiana. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Pedregal de San \u00c1ngel: Didelphisvirginiana. GUANAJUATO: Irapuato\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. HIDALGO: Tianguistengo\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. OAXACA: Soyaltepec\u2020: PageBreakDidelphisvirginiana. PUEBLA: Coapan\u2020: Didelphisvirginiana. TABASCO: Teapa: Didelphismarsupialis; Villahermosa: Didelphisvirginiana. VERACRUZ: Los Tuxtlas: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana; Tlacotalpan\u2020: Didelphismarsupialis, Didelphisvirginiana, Philanderopossum.Specimens deposited. CNHE 9018\u201323, 9025\u201336, 9541\u20139543.Previous records in Mexico. CHIAPAS: Motozintla: Didelphis sp. .phis sp. , 388; Toopossum . COLIMA:rginiana ; Comala:rginiana , Didelphsupialis ; Dos Amarginiana ; La Espesupialis ; Madrid:supialis , Didelphrginiana ; ND: Didrginiana . DISTRITphis sp. , Didelphsupialis ; Pedregarginiana ; Chapultsupialis . ESTADO phis sp. : Tequesqrginiana . GUERRERrginiana ; Carreterginiana ; Taxco Erginiana . HIDALGOphis sp. . JALISCOsupialis . MICHOACrginiana . MORELOSrginiana . NAYARITrginiana . NUEVO Lsupialis . OAXACA:alis see ; Nizandarginiana . VERACRUopossum ; Medell\u00edRemarks. These specimens were identified based on the re-description of this species  and bursal ray arrangement 2-1-2 type.Travassostrongylus sp.Site of infection. Intestine (Adult).Present records. CHIAPAS: Arriaga\u2020: Didelphis sp.Specimens deposited. CNHE 8987.PageBreakRemarks. To date, 12 species of the genus Travassostrongylus have been described, all parasitizing New World marsupials; Travassostrongylusorloffi Travassos, 1935 is the only species of this genus recorded in Mexico as parasite of Didelphismarsupialis; however, the finding of only 8 females make species identification difficult, because taxonomy of this group is based on male characteristics , followed by Didelphismarsupialis (11 species) and Philanderopossum (8 species). The digestive tract had the highest number of helminth species ; only 2 of the 21 taxa, Didelphostrongylushayesi and Capillariinae gen. sp. were found in another site of infection (lungs). The geographic distribution of the helminth species was heterogeneous. The nematode Cruziatentaculata was the only species found in all localities. Other helminth species were collected from 7 (Trichurisdidelphis), 8  and 9 (Viannaiaviannai) localities; however, most taxa (12) were found in only one locality.As a result of this study, we reported 66 new locality records, 9 new host records, and added one species to the composition of the helminth fauna of the opossums in Mexico: the trematode ntry see . A totalDidelphisvirginiana, Didelphismarsupialis, and Philanderopossum to 37, 21 and 20, respectively . Other states, as Campeche and Quintana Roo, have been sampled once. Moreover, most of the species that have been found parasitizing these didelphid species represent point locality records in only one study about its parasites cover states or regions, particularly Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. However, the host\u2019s collections were made along 13 years, in different year season and with a very distinct sample size , five are transmitted directly by eggs ingestion  and for Philandrophilusmagnacirrus, Rhopaliasbaculifer, Rhopaliascoronatus, Rhopaliasmacracanthus, Rhopaliascaballeroi, Viannaiadidelphis and Viannaiaviannai, the life cycle is unknown ; however, the helminth fauna of each didelphid species showed a stable taxonomic composition with respect to previously sampled sites. Only one species of trematode not previously found in this group of hosts in the country was added to their parasitological record as results of our samples. In spite of the reduced scope of our samplings, this situation suggests that the rate of accumulation of helminth species in the inventory of the 3 species of terrestrial marsupials distributed in the Neotropical portion of Mexico included in this study is decreasing; however, new samplings in the Nearctic portion of this country will probably increase the richness of the helminthological inventory of this group of mammals.PageBreak"}
{"text": "The correct name is Tae-Wook Chun. The correct citation is: Serrano-Villar S, Sainz T, Ma Z-M, Utay NS, Chun T-W, Mann S, et al. (2016) Effects of Combined CCR5/Integrase Inhibitors-Based Regimen on Mucosal Immunity in HIV-Infected Patients Na\u00efve to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Trial. PLoS Pathog 12(1): e1005381. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct title is: A Cytosine Methyltransferase Modulates the Cell Envelope Stress Response in the Cholera Pathogen. The correct citation is: Chao MC, Zhu S, Kimura S, Davis BM, Schadt EE, Fang G, et al. (2015) A Cytosine Methyltransferase Modulates the Cell Envelope Stress Response in the Cholera Pathogen. PLoS Genet 11(11): e1005666. doi:"}
{"text": "Diabrotica virgifera virgifera). PLoS ONE 9(10): e109825. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109825The first author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Rodrigues TB, Khajuria C, Wang H, Matz N, Cunha Cardoso D, Valicente FH, et al. (2014) Validation of Reference Housekeeping Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Western Corn Rootworm ("}
{"text": "The correct name is: Claus-Christian Carbon. The correct citation is: Belke B, Leder H, Carbon C-C (2015) When Challenging Art Gets Liked: Evidences for a Dual Preference Formation Process for Fluent and Non-Fluent Portraits. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0131796. doi:"}
{"text": "The authors would like to include an Acknowledgements section in the article and thank Drs Claudia Cascio, Parvez Haris and Richard Jenkins from the De Montfort University, Leicester (UK), for their contribution in the generation of the original hypothesis on the possible link between the volcanogenic trace element and multiple sclerosis. The present epidemiological study has been developed from a previous collaborative research project (1-3).1. Cascio C, Rodriguez-Lado L, Polya DA, Zappia M, Patti F, Nicoletti A, Jenkins RO, Haris PI. Geogenic trace elements in groundwaters in the Mt Etna region: Geostastistical, proteomic and epidemiological approaches to assessing human exposure and health risks GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA Volume: 73 Issue: 13 Pages: A197-A197 Published: JUN 2009.https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/5411).2. Cascio C. (2011) PhD thesis: A multidisciplinary study of human exposure to arsenic and other trace elements . Volcanogenic trace elements and MS: a case control study on the Linguaglossa cluster in the Mount Etna region. NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES, In: Neurological sciences. vol. 33 (supp), p. S152-S153, ISSN: 1590-3478)."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Rowe EK, Leo Y-S, Wong JGX, Thein T-L, Gan VC, et al. (2014) Challenges in Dengue Fever in the Elderly: Atypical Presentation and Risk of Severe Dengue and Hospital-Acquired Infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(4): e2777. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002777The word \u201cHospital-Acquired\u201d is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Challenges in Dengue Fever in the Elderly: Atypical Presentation and Risk of Severe Dengue and Hospital-Acquired Infection"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Eva C. Anrspang. The correct citation is: Arnspang EC, Kulatunga P, Lagerholm BC (2012) A Single Molecule Investigation of the Photostability of Quantum Dots. PLoS ONE 7(8): e44355. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Hang Wun Raymond Li. The correct citation is: Chai J, Lee VC-Y, Yeung TW-Y, Li HWR, Ho P-C, Ng EH-Y (2015) Live Birth and Cumulative Live Birth Rates in Expected Poor Ovarian Responders Defined by the Bologna Criteria Following IVF/ICSI Treatment. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0119149. doi:"}
{"text": "The fifth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Alexander Ischchenko. The correct citation is: Joldybayeva B, Prorok P, Grin IR, Zharkov DO, Ishchenko AA, et al. (2014) Cloning and Characterization of a Wheat Homologue of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease Ape1L. PLoS ONE 9(3): e92963. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092963"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports5: Article number: 8618; 10.1038/srep08618published online: 03022015; updated: 08252016In this Article, A. Sokolov & F. Sch\u00e4fers are incorrectly listed as being affiliated with \u2018Indus Synchrotrons Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452013 (M P), India\u2019. The correct affiliation is listed below:Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) BESSY II, Institute f. Nanometre Optics and Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany."}
{"text": "The correct title is: RNA-Seq Analysis of Transcriptome and Glucosinolate Metabolism in Seeds and Sprouts of Broccoli .The word \u201cBrassica oleracea var. italica). PLoS ONE 9(2): e88804. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088804The correct citation is: Gao J, Yu X, Ma F, Li J (2014) RNA-Seq Analysis of Transcriptome and Glucosinolate Metabolism in Seeds and Sprouts of Broccoli ("}
{"text": "Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). PLoS ONE 10(11): e0142752. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142752The first author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Fei Lyu. The correct citation is: Lyu F, Hai X, Wang Z, Yan A, Liu B, Bi Y (2015) Integration of Visual and Olfactory Cues in Host Plant Identification by the Asian Longhorned Beetle,"}
{"text": "AbstractMelaloncha is a large group of species of parasitoid phorid flies that attack Hymenoptera, mostly stingless bees  in the Neotropical Region.The genus Melaloncha  peacockorum sp. n. and Melaloncha (Udamochiras) nielsi sp. n., are described and their identification clarified.Two new Brazilian species,  Melaloncha are small (1.5-4.5 mm) fast, agile parasitoids, mostly of stingless bees, bumble bees, and honey bees, but with records also from orchid bees, sweat bees, and vespid wasps  and the Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil. Photographs were taken using a Keyence V5000 digital microscope.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FE39F86E-1F6C-4A29-8F8E-A8A6B9F4A49CType status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: LACM ENT 335990; recordedBy: Amorim, Ribeiro, Berbert; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Brazil; stateProvince: SP; locality: Reserva Biol\u00f3gica Borac\u00e9ia; verbatimLatitude: 23\u00b039'S; verbatimLongitude: 45\u00b053'W; verbatimCoordinateSystem: degrees minutes; Event: samplingProtocol: Shannon trap; eventDate: 2009-11-20/25; verbatimEventDate: 20-25 November 2009; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; institutionCode: LACM; collectionCode: ENT; ownerInstitutionCode: MZSP; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenFemale Figs , 2, 3, 4Melaloncha  with wide, orange, punctate frons, and oviscape with blunt, dorsal, median lobe plus more ventral, bifurcate lobe. In the most recent key to Melaloncha  species .Brazil.Melaloncha species, this fly is probably a parasitoid of stingless bees. It was collected with a Shannon trap, whose operation I have observed in Brazil. The trap is a large structure consisting of a square of black netting, about 3 m in length on each side, with outer walls of the same material. In construction it is like a large box missing the bottom side. The trap is suspended so that the sides are about 0.3 m above the ground, allowing insects access to the bait. Many insects attempt to escape by flying upwards, rather than using the small opening at ground level, and thus get caught in the top of the trap.Like most The bait used by the researchers is placed in a shallow pit near the center, and consists of a couple of fish, chicken meat, various vegetables, a bag of oatmeal, some mushrooms, human feces, and urine. This smorgasborg \"ripens\" over several days and attracts hordes of flies, but also other insects including stingless bees, which are frequently attracted to protein . Probablurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D20C44D2-00C4-457F-945A-95461C290F15Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: LACM ENT 335989; recordedBy: A. Henriques; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Brazil; stateProvince: AM; verbatimLocality: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, Igarap\u00e9 Barro Branco; locationRemarks: 20m above forest floor; Event: samplingProtocol: Arm. Suspensa; eventDate: 2004-11-8/18; verbatimEventDate: 08-18.xi.2004; Record Level: institutionID: INPA; ownerInstitutionCode: INPA; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenFemale Figs , 6, 7. BM.nielsi comes closest to M.valeria Brown, from which it differs by the dense black setae  and greatly compressed structure of the oviscape. It does not resemble any of the more recently described species of Melaloncha (Udamochiras)  .Named for Niels Jensen at the request of Sara Jensen, a supporter of the Entomology Department of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.BrazilMelaloncha species.Unknown, but presumably parasitoids of stingless bees like most other"}
{"text": "Syntheses of qualitative studies can inform health policy, services and our understanding of patient experience. Meta-ethnography is a systematic seven-phase interpretive qualitative synthesis approach well-suited to producing new theories and conceptual models. However, there are concerns about the quality of meta-ethnography reporting, particularly the analysis and synthesis processes. Our aim was to investigate the application and reporting of methods in recent meta-ethnography journal papers, focusing on the analysis and synthesis process and output.Methodological systematic review of health-related meta-ethnography journal papers published from 2012\u20132013. We searched six electronic databases, Google Scholar and Zetoc for papers using key terms including \u2018meta-ethnography.\u2019 Two authors independently screened papers by title and abstract with 100% agreement. We identified 32 relevant papers. Three authors independently extracted data and all authors analysed the application and reporting of methods using content analysis.Meta-ethnography was applied in diverse ways, sometimes inappropriately. In 13% of papers the approach did not suit the research aim. In 66% of papers reviewers did not follow the principles of meta-ethnography. The analytical and synthesis processes were poorly reported overall. In only 31% of papers reviewers clearly described how they analysed conceptual data from primary studies  and in only one paper (3%) reviewers explicitly described how they conducted the analytic synthesis process (phase 6). In 38% of papers we could not ascertain if reviewers had achieved any new interpretation of primary studies. In over 30% of papers seminal methodological texts which could have informed methods were not cited.We believe this is the first in-depth methodological systematic review of meta-ethnography conduct and reporting. Meta-ethnography is an evolving approach. Current reporting of methods, analysis and synthesis lacks clarity and comprehensiveness. This is a major barrier to use of meta-ethnography findings that could contribute significantly to the evidence base because it makes judging their rigour and credibility difficult. To realise the high potential value of meta-ethnography for enhancing health care and understanding patient experience requires reporting that clearly conveys the methodology, analysis and findings. Tailored meta-ethnography reporting guidelines, developed through expert consensus, could improve reporting.The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-119) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Evidence-based health care requires robust, synthesised evidence of all types in combination with clinical judgment and information on patient preferences. Quantitative evidence syntheses are now routinely used internationally to inform clinical guidelines, health technology assessment and intervention development . The synThere are many possible approaches that can be used to synthesise qualitative research \u201310 some Noblit and Hare  describea interpretations  of the research participants\u2019 experiences in published primary qualitative studies S11. Furuta M, Sandall J, Bick D: Cultivating Nursing Leadership for Our Envisioned Future. Advances in Nursing Science 2012, 35(4):333\u2013345.S12. Galuska LA: Using meta-ethnography to understand the emotional impact of caring for people with increasing cognitive impairment. Nursing & health sciences 2013, 15(1):113\u2013123.S13. Grose J, Frost J, Richardson J, Skirton H: Immigrant women\u2019s experience of maternity services in Canada: A meta-ethnography. Midwifery 2014, 30(5): 544\u2013559.S14. Higginbottom G, Hadziabdic E, Yohani S, Paton P: Recognition by family members that relatives with neurodegenerative disease are likely to die within a year: A meta-ethnography. Palliative Medicine 2012, 26(2):108\u2013122.S15. Hubbard G, McLachlan K, Forbat L, Munday D: The school environment and student health: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research. BMC public health 2013, 13(1):798.S16. Jamal F, Fletcher A, Harden A, Wells H, Thomas J, Bonell C: The psychological experience of living with head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta\u2012synthesis. Psycho\u2012Oncology 2013, 22(12):2648\u20132663.S17. Lang H, France E, Williams B, Humphris G, Wells M: \u2018Groping through the fog\u2019: a metasynthesis of women\u2019s experiences on VBAC . BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2012, 12(1):85.S18. Lundgren I, Begley C, Gross MM, Bondas T: What lies behind the wish to hasten death? A systematic review and meta-ethnography from the perspective of patients. PloS one 2012, 7(5):e37117.S19. Monforte-Royo C, Villavicencio-Ch\u00e1vez C, Tom\u00e1s-S\u00e1bado J, Mahtani-Chugani V, Balaguer A: A systematic review of qualitative findings on factors enabling and deterring uptake of HIV testing in Sub-Saharan Africa. BMC public health, 13(1):220.S20. Musheke M, Ntalasha H, Gari S, Mckenzie O, Bond V, Martin-Hilber A, Merten S: A Meta-Synthesis Related to Infant Feeding Decision Making. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 2012, 37(4):247\u2013252.S21. Nelson AM: Women\u2019s experiences following severe perineal trauma: a meta\u2012ethnographic synthesis. Journal of advanced nursing 2013. 69(4):748\u2013759.S22. Priddis H, Dahlen H, Schmied, V: Nursing students\u2019 perceptions on the patient and the impact of the nursing culture: a meta-synthesis. J Ng Management 2012, 20 771\u2013781.S23. Rudolfsson G, Berggern I: Contradictions and conflict: A meta-ethnographic study of migrant women\u2019s experiences of breastfeeding in a new country. BMC Pregnancy and child health, 2012, 12(1):c163.S24. Schmied V, Olley H, Burns E., Duffy M, Dennis CL, Dahlen H: GPs\u2019 perspectives on the management of patients with multimorbidity: systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research. BMJ open 2013, 3(9):e003610.S25. Sinnott C, Mc Hugh S, Browne J, Bradley C: Attitudes of people with osteoarthritis towards their conservative management: systematic review and meta-ethnography. Rheumatol Int, 2013 Dec.S26. Smith T, Purdy R, Lister S, Salter C, Fleetcroft R, Conaghan P: Not patient and not visitor: a meta-synthesis fathers\u2019 encounters with pregnancy, birth and maternity care. Midwifery 2012, 28:422\u2013431S27. Steen M, Downe S, Bamford N, Edozien L: Patients\u2019 experiences of chronic non-malignant musculosketal pain. BJGP 2013, e829.S28. Toye F, Andrews J, Barker K, Seers K, Allcock N, Briggs M, Carr E: Dignity preserving dementia care: a meta synthesis. Nursing Ethics 2013, 20:861.S29. Tranvag O, Petersen K, Naden D: Commonalities and differences in infant feeding attitudes and practices in the context of HIV in Sub-Saharan africa: a meta synthesis. AIDS care 2014, 26(2):214\u2013225. First published online 23 July 2013.S30. Tuthill E, McGrath J, Young S: Integrating HIV care into nurse led primary health care services in S. Africa: a synthesis of three linked studies. BMC health services research 2013, 13:171.S31. Uebel K, Guise A, Georgey D, Colvin C, Lewin S: Supporting \u2018work\u2012related goals\u2019 rather than \u2018return to work\u2019 after cancer? A systematic review and meta\u2012synthesis of 25 qualitative studies. Psycho\u2012Oncology 2013, 22(6):1208\u20131219.S32. Wells M, Williams B, Firnigl D, Lang H, Coyle J, Kroll T, MacGillivray, S: EF  is a lecturer in the NMAHP Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling. NR  is a senior lecturer in the School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling who conducts and teaches QES. RT (RM) is a practising midwife and part-time final year student on the Masters in Health Research programme in the School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling. MM  is Professor of Health Services and Mental Health Research and the deputy director of the NMAHP Research Unit, University of Stirling and Glasgow Caledonian University. RJ  is a former Cochrane Collaboration systematic reviewer who conducts and teaches QES. JN  is co-chair of the Cochrane Methods Executive, lead convenor of the Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods group, editor of the Journal of Advanced Nursing, and member of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) methodological hub consortium.Additional file 1: Figure S1: PRISMA 2009 Flow Diagram. (DOC 29 KB)Additional file 2: Table S1: Papers excluded from the review with reasons. (DOCX 24 KB)Additional file 3: Figure S2: Data extraction items and questions. (DOCX 19 KB)Additional file 4: Table S2: Summary of characteristics of papers included in the review. (DOCX 24 KB)Additional file 5: Table S3: Characteristics of individual included papers and reporting of meta-ethnography Phases 1 and 2. (DOCX 38 KB)Additional file 6: Table S4: Reporting of meta-ethnography analytic phases 3 to 7 in included papers. (DOCX 29 KB)Additional file 7: Table S5: Illustrative examples of analysis and synthesis process reporting in papers included in review. (DOCX 30 KB)"}
{"text": "Retraction: Domestic violence and mental health: a cross-sectional survey of women seeking help from domestic violence support services.Giulia Ferrari, Roxane Agnew-Davies, Jayne Bailey, Louise Howard, Emma Howarth, Tim J. Peters, Lynnmarie Sardinha, Gene FederRetraction to: Global Health Action (2014) 7: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.25519http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.29890This article has been retracted by the authors following a revision of the numerical results. It is superseded by an article by the same title with the DOI: On behalf of the authorsGiulia FerrariJanuary 10, 2016"}
{"text": "Epub 2015 Sep 7. PubMed PMID: 26480902.There is an error in reference 28. The correct reference is: Kum RO, Ozcan M, Baklaci D, Yurtsever Kum N, Yilmaz YF, Unal A, Avci Y. Investigation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in sudden hearing loss. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Nov-Dec; 81(6): 636\u201341. doi:"}
{"text": "Overall, in 2012, non-Hispanic white adults were more likely to report having trouble hearing compared with Hispanic adults and non-Hispanic black adults. Men (18%) were more likely to report having trouble hearing than women (12%). Among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adults, men were more likely to report having trouble hearing; however, this pattern was not observed for non-Hispanic black adults, among whom no statistically significant difference was observed between men and women.Source: Blackwell DL, Lucas JW, Clarke TC. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2012. Vital Health Stat 2014;10(260). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_260.pdf.Reported by: Jacqueline W. Lucas, MPH, jacqueline.lucas@cdc.hhs.gov, 301-458-4355; Tainya C. Clarke, PhD; Debra Blackwell, PhD."}
{"text": "Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 18(8). The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv039, the following corrections were not made:In Volume 18, Issue 8 of 1. Drs Alonso, Romero, and Ma\u00f1anas are all affiliated with CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Spain.2. On page 3 in the Statistical Analysis section, the following sentence did not include the correct in-text citation, Verfu\u00df et al. 2007, but instead listed the year as 2006: \u201cThis omnibus test has been widely used in many studies in several fields such as primatology , ecology , neurology, and pharmacology , among others. This statistic followed a binomial distribution under the null hypothesis of no changes anywhere .\u201d3. The following references were not included:Cebus capucinus) at Lomas Barbudal, Costa Rica. Am J Primatol 72(12). doi: 10.1002/ajp.20876.Muniz L, Perry S, Manson JH, Gilkenson H, Gros-Louis J, Vigilant L (2010) Male dominance and reproductive success in wild white-faced capuchins (\u2019s disease. J Neurol 258(5). doi: 10.1007/s00415-010-5852-5.Painold A, Anderer P, Holl AK, Letmaier M, Saletu-Zyhlarz GM, Saletu B, Bonelli RM (2011) EEG low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) in HuntingtonSaletu M, Anderer P, Saletu-Zyhlarz GM, Mandl M, Arnold O, Zeitlhofer J, Saletu B (2004) EEG-tomographic studies with LORETA on vigilance differences between narcolepsy patients and controls and subsequent double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with modafinil. J Neurol 251(11). doi: 10.1007/s00415-004-0543-8.Saletu MT, Anderer P, Saletu-Zyhlarz GM, Mandl M, Arnold O, Nosiska D, Zeitlhofer J, Saletu B (2005) EEG\u2013mapping differences between narcolepsy patients and controls and subsequent double\u2013blind, placebo\u2013controlled studies with modafinil. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 255(1). doi: 10.1007/s00406-004-0530-1.Phocoena phocoena) presence in the German Baltic Sea revealed by passive acoustic monitoring. J Mar Biol Assoc U.K. 87(1). doi: 10.1017/S0025315407054938.Verfu\u00df UK, Honnef, CG, Meding A, D \u00e4 hne M, Mundry R, Benke H (2007) Geographical and seasonal variation of harbour porpoise (4. The study was support by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n under contracts DPI 2011\u201322680 and DPI2014-59049-R.The publisher regrets this error."}
{"text": "The correct name is: C. Raina MacIntyre. The correct citation is: MacIntyre CR, Stein A, Harrison C, Britt H, Mahimbo A, Cunningham A (2015) Increasing Trends of Herpes Zoster in Australia. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0125025. doi:"}
{"text": "Lethrinus nebulosus: Implications for Spatial Management. PLoS ONE 9(9): e105507. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105507There is an error in the fourth author\u2019s name. The correct name is Ryan A. Downie. The correct citation is: Pillans RD, Bearham D, Boomer A, Downie RA, Patterson TA, Thomson DP, et al. (2014) Multi Year Observations Reveal Variability in Residence of a Tropical Demersal Fish,"}
{"text": "AbstractThis is the very first checklist of the terrestrial gastropods of Nepal. It includes 138 species and six subspecies, of which 22 species are endemic and four are introduced. It highlights 34 species recorded for the first time in Nepal and provides new distribution records for another 30 species. However, as foreigners were restricted from entering Nepal until 1951, the Nepalese malacofauna remained poorly known. PageBreakPupaeurina Benson, 1864 (now Pupillaeurina) may have been the first land snail recorded from Nepal , a new genus  and a new enid subfamily (Pseudonapaeinae) from hills surrounding Kathmandu Valley. In addition, they described the reproductive anatomy of Oxytestaorobia . Since then, several occasional papers on the Nepalese terrestrial gastropods have been published , Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. The list provides taxonomic notes where needed, as well as distribution ranges of genera and species. The original names of the type species of genera and subgenera are provided. An attempt was made to standardize the use of geographical place names and local features but, owing to the nature of this data, it was not always possible to do so. The district name is mentioned for all species from Nepal with particular locations such as hill, forest, and village names wherever data are available. National park or conservation areas are given without district names because most national parks extend across more than one district. Particular locations within national parks are given where known. Indian states are given with particular location(s) wherever data are available. The systematic arrangement at family and more inclusive levels is based on Gastropoda Cuvier, 1795Class: Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960Clade: Cyclophoroidea J.E. Gray, 1847Superfamily: Cyclophoridae J.E. Gray, 1847Family: Cyclophorinae J.E. Gray, 1847Subfamily: PageBreakCyclophorus Montfort, 1810Genus: Distribution: Subtropical and tropical Asia .Helixvolvulus O.F. M\u00fcller, 1774Type species: Glossostylus Kobelt & M\u00f6llendorff, 1897Subgenus: Distribution: India; Sri Lanka; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; Taiwan; Malaysia; Philippines .Cyclostomavalidum Sowerby, 1842Type species: Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) fulguratus Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam .Nepal: Ilam, Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Dharan, Udayapur and Gulmi Districts .Kobeltostylus Egorov, 2006Subgenus: Distribution: Bangladesh; India; Sri Lanka; Myanmar; Philippines .Helixinvolvulus O.F. M\u00fcller, 1774Type species: Cyclophorus (Kobeltostylus) pyrotrema Benson, 1854Distribution: Bangladesh; India; Myanmar .Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill .Annularia Schumacher, 1817Subgenus: Distribution: India; Sri Lanka; Myanmar; Philippines .Annulariaaurantiaca Schumacher, 1817Type species: Cyclophorus (Annularia) aurantiacus Distribution: Thailand; Myanmar; W Malaysia .Nepal: Ilam, Morang, Sunsari, Dharan and Udayapur Districts .Theobaldius Nevill, 1878Genus: Distribution: Sri Lanka; S and NE India; Myanmar .Cyclophorusannulatus L. Pfeiffer, 1847Type species: Theobaldius sp.New species record for Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Scabrina W.T. Blanford, 1863Genus: Distribution: S and SE Asia .Cyclophoruscalyx Benson, 1847.Type species: PageBreakScabrinaphaenotopicus Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling, Sikkim .Nepal: New distribution records from Nepal: Chitwan National Park, Tanahu District-Shiddha Cave area and Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill.Pterocyclos Benson, 1832Genus: Distribution: India; Sri Lanka; SE Asia .Pterocyclosrupestris Benson, 1832Type species: Pterocycloscf.brahmakundensis Godwin-Austen, 1915Distribution: India: Assam-Brahmakund .New species record for Nepal: Langtang National Park.Alycaeinae W.T. Blanford, 1864Subfamily: Alycaeus J.E. Gray, 1850Genus: Distribution: India; Nepal; Myanmar; China; Japan; Taiwan; Korea; Thailand; Vietnam; Laos; Philippines; Indonesia; Malaysia; Australia .Alycaeuseydouxi Venmans, 1956Type species: Alycaeus J.E. Gray, 1850Subgenus: Distribution: India; Myanmar; China; Malaysia; Japan .Alycaeuseydouxi Venmans, 1956Type species: Alycaeus (Alycaeus) burti Godwin-Austen, 1874Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Mizoram-Akha Hills, Dihiri Parbat; Bhutan .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .New distribution records from Nepal: Kathmandu District-Champadevi Hill, Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill and Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park.Alycaeus (Alycaeus) lohitensis Godwin-Austen, 1914Distribution: India: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh .Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill .Alycaeus (Alycaeus) yamneyensis Godwin-Austen, 1914Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh-Yamne Valley, Abor Hills .Nepal: PageBreakChamalycaeus Kobelt & M\u00f6llendorff, 1897Genus: Distribution: India; Nepal; Myanmar; China; Taiwan; Korea; Thailand; Vietnam; Laos; Philippines; Indonesia; Malaysia; Australia .Alycaeusandamaniae Benson, 1861Type species: Dicharax Kobelt & M\u00f6llendorff, 1900Subgenus: Distribution: NE India; Myanmar; China; Malaysia .Alycaeushebes Benson, 1857Type species: Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) bicrenatus Distribution: NE India: Assam, Nagaland-Naga Hill .Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill .Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) digitatus Distribution: NE India: W Bengal-Darjeeling, Sikkim-Richila Peak; W Bhutan .New species record for Nepal: Kathmandu District-Champadevi Hill, Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill, Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park.Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) inflatus Distribution: NE India: Nagaland-Naga Hills .Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park-Nagarjun Forest .Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) notatus Distribution: NE India: Nagaland-Naga Hills, Arunachal Pradesh-Dafla Hills .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) plectochilus Distribution: NE India: W Bengal-Darjeeling, Sikkim-Damsang Peak; W Bhutan .New species records for Nepal: Kathmandu District-Champadevi Hill, Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) strangulatus Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) recorded from the W Himalaya, NW India: Himachal Pradesh-Simla, Uttarakhand-Kumaon, Nainital  stylifer Distribution: NE India: W Bengal-Darjeeling and Sikkim; Bhutan .New species records for Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill, Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Cycloryx Godwin-Austen, 1914Subgenus: Distribution: NE India to Myanmar .Alycaeusconstrictus Benson, 1851Type species: Chamalycaeus (Cycloryx) otiphorus Distribution: NE India: W Bengal-Darjeeling, Sikkim-Pankhabari, Meghalaya, Nagaland .Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill .New distribution record from Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park.Chamalycaeus (Cycloryx) summus Distribution: NE India: Sikkim-Richila Peak; W Bhutan .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .Diplommatinidae L. Pfeiffer, 1856Family: Diplommatininae L. Pfeiffer, 1856Subfamily: Diplommatina Benson, 1849Genus: Distribution: India; Nepal; China; Indonesia; Vietnam; Singapore; Malaysia; Japan; Philippines; Taiwan; Papua New Guinea; Fiji .Bulimusfolliculus L. Pfeiffer, 1846Type species: Diplommatina Benson, 1849Subgenus: Distribution: N India; Nepal; China; Malaysia; Philippines; Japan; Taiwan; Papua New Guinea; Fiji .Bulimusfolliculus L. Pfeiffer, 1846Type species: Diplommatina (Diplommatina) exserta Godwin-Austen, 1886Distribution: Myanmar: Damotha Cave, etc., Moulmein, now Mawlamyine .New species record for Nepal: Tanahu District-Siddha Cave area.Diplommatina (Diplommatina) folliculus Distribution: NW India: Himachal Pradesh-Landour, Simla, Uttarakhand-Nainital .New species records for Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill, Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.PageBreakDiplommatina (Diplommatina) munipurensis Godwin-Austen, 1892Distribution: NE India: Manipur; Myanmar .New species records for Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill, Langtang National Park.Diplommatina (Diplommatina) oviformis Fulton, 1901Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .New distribution records from Nepal: Hills surrounding Lalitpur and Kathmandu Districts, Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Diplommatina (Diplommatina) pachychilus Benson, 1857Distribution: NE India: W Bengal-Darjeeling .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .New distribution records from Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Diplommatina (Diplommatina) regularis Fulton, 1901.Distribution: NE India: W Bengal-Darjeeling .New species record for Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park-Baghdwar.Diplommatina (Diplommatina) silvicola Godwin-Austen, 1886Distribution: NE India: Assam-North Cachar, Jenta Hajuma Peak .New species record for Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park-Balaju, Pani Tanki.Diplommatina (Diplommatina) sperata W.T. Blanford, 1862Distribution: Myanmar .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .Metadiancta M\u00f6llendorff, 1898Subgenus: Distribution: NE India: Assam, Manipur, Nagaland; Myanmar; Vietnam .Diplommatinadohertyi Godwin-Austen, 1892Type species: Diplommatina (Metadiancta) miriensis Godwin-Austen, 1917Distribution: NE India: Arunachal Pradesh-Miri Hills .New species records for Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Sinica M\u00f6llendorff, 1885Subgenus: Distribution: India; Nepal; Myanmar; China; Japan; Philippines; Indonesia; Malaysia; Papua New Guinea; Taiwan .Diplommatinacollarifera Schmacker and Boettger, 1877Type species: PageBreakDiplommatina (Sinica) canarica Beddome, 1875Distribution: India: Western Ghats, Karnataka, Maharashtra .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .Pupinidae L. Pfeiffer, 1853Family: Pupininae L. Pfeiffer, 1853Subfamily: Schistoloma Kobelt, 1902Genus: Distribution: Indian Himalaya; Nepal; China; Thailand; W Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Philippines .Cyclostomaaltum Sowerby, 1842Type species: Schistolomacf.funiculalum Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling .New species records for Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill, Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Ellobioidea L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)Superfamily: Ellobiidae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)Family: Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830Subfamily: Carychium O.F. M\u00fcller, 1773Genus: Distribution: Very widely distributed from N and C America, Europe to S and SE Asia .Carychiumminimum O.F. M\u00fcller, 1774Type species: Carychiumminusculum Gredler, 1888Distribution: China \"aus Hope\" .Nepal: Langtang National Park-Syabru , Kavre DCarychium sp.New species records for Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill, Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Systellommatophora Pilsbry, 1948Clade: Veronicelloidea J.E. Gray, 1840Superfamily: Veronicellidae J.E. Gray, 1840Family: Laevicaulis Simroth, 1913Genus: Distribution: Pantropical .Vaginulusalte F\u00e9russac, 1822Type species: PageBreakLaevicaulisalte Laevicaulisalte is uncertain, but it has been widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries through human agency .Succineinae H. Beck, 1837Subfamily: Succinea Draparnaud, 1801Genus: Distribution: Nearly circumglobal , the NorSuccineaamphibia Draparnaud, 1801 Type species: Succinea sp.New species records for Nepal: Kathmandu and Lalitpur Districts.Pupilloidea Turton, 1831Superfamily: Pupillidae Turton, 1831Family: Pupillinae Turton, 1831Subfamily: Pupilla Fleming, 1828Genus: Distribution: Temperate N America; Europe; Africa; Asia; Australia .Pupamarginata Draparnaud, 1801.Type Species: Pupillaannandalei Pilsbry, 1921Distribution: Pakistan.Nepal: PageBreakPupillaeurina Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Tribeni Ghat , AnnapurNew distribution record from Nepal: Langtang National Park-Gosainkund.Pupillatriplicata Distribution: Europe and C Asia .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area-Tukuche .Pyramidulidae Kennard & Woodward, 1914Family: Pyramidula Fitzinger, 1833Genus: Distribution: Holarctic and S Asia .Helixrupestris Draparnaud, 1801Type species: Pyramidulahumilis Distribution: NW India: Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park-Nagarjun Forest .Pyramidulakuznetsovi Schileyko & Balashov, 2012Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Mustang District-Muktinath .Valloniidae Morse, 1864Family: Vallonia Risso, 1826Genus: Distribution: Holarctic .Valloniarosalia Risso, 1826 Type species: Valloniacostohimala Gerber & B\u00f6ssneck, 2009Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Northern districts from Darchula to Panchthar .Valloniahimalaevi Gerber & B\u00f6ssneck, 2009Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Northern districts from Darchula to Panchthar .Valloniakathrinae Gerber & B\u00f6ssneck, 2009Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Mugu and Mustang Districts .PageBreakVallonialadacensis Distribution: India: Western Ghats, Jammu and Kashmir; Nepal; Tibet; Tianshan Turkey .Nepal: Bajura, Darchula, Humla and Mustang Districts .Valloniatenuilabris Distribution: Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; NW India: Jammu and Kashmir; Tibet; Siberia; N China; Mongolia to Russia .Nepal: Solukhumbu and Taplejung Districts .Vertiginidae Fitzinger, 1833Family: Vertigininae Fitzinger, 1833Subfamily: Truncatellina Lowe, 1852Genus: Distribution: Holarctic .Pupalinearis Lowe, 1852Type species: Truncatellina sp.Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area-Khobang .Gastrocoptinae Pilsbry, 1918Subfamily: Gastrocopta Wollaston, 1878Genus: Distribution: Almost cosmopolitan extending to all tropical and warm temperate continents but extinct in Europe .Pupaacarus Benson, 1856Type species: Gastrocoptahuttoniana Distribution: India: Western Ghats, Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Maharashtra .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area .Enoidea Woodward, 1903Superfamily: Enidae Woodward, 1903Family: Pseudonapaeinae Schileyko, 1978Subfamily: Pupinidius M\u00f6llendorff, 1901Genus: Distribution: W China; Nepal .Buliminuspupinidius M\u00f6llendorff, 1901Type species: Pupinidiushimalayanus Kuznetsov & Schileyko, 1999Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Mustang District, Tukuche to Muktinath trekking route .PageBreakPupinidiussiniayevi Kuznetsov & Schileyko, 1999Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Mustang District-Tukuche to Muktinath trekking route .Pupinidiustukuchensis Kuznetsov & Schileyko, 1997Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Mustang District-Tukuche .Laevozebrinus Lindholm, 1925Genus: Distribution: Afghanistan; Iran; mountain regions of C Asia; N Pakistan and adjacent territories of India .Buliminusurgutensis Kobelt, 1902Type species: Laevozebrinusmustangensis Kuznetsov & Schileyko, 1997Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Mustang District-Tukuche to Muktinath trekking route .Laevozebrinusnepalensis Schileyko & Frank, 1994Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area and hills surrounding Kathmandu District .nepalensis Schileyko & Frank, 1994Subspecies: Distribution: Mustang District-Khobang, Tukuche, Marpha, Jomsom .myagdiensis Kuznetsov & Schileyko, 1997Subspecies: Distribution: Myagdi District-Sukebagar, Titre, Dana .Mirus Albers, 1850Genus: Distribution: India; Sri Lanka; Myanmar; E Asia; Japan .Bulimuscantorii Philippi, 1844Type species: Mirus(?)nilagiricus Distribution: India: Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu-Nilgiris, Arunachal Pradesh-Dafla Hill, Meghalaya-Khasi Hills; Myanmar .Nepal: Solukhumbu District-Khari Khola .PageBreakNepaliena Schileyko & Frank, 1994Genus: Distribution: Endemic to Nepal .Bulimusceratinus Benson, 1849Type species: Nepalienaceratina Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Kathmandu and Myagdi Districts, Annapurna Conservation Area .Subzebrinus Westerlund, 1887Genus: Distribution: SE Kazakhstan and adjacent territories of China; India; Japan; Nepal .Buliminuslabiellus Martens, 1881Type species: Subzebrinusrufistrigatus Distribution: India: Kashmir between Jamuna and Sutlej River, Jhelum Valley New species record for Nepal: Mugu District-Rogumba.Cerastidae Wenz, 1923Family: Darwininitium Budha & Mordan, 2012Genus: Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Darwininitiumshiwalikianum Budha & Mordan, 2012Type species: Darwininitiumshiwalikianum Budha & Mordan, 2012Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Shiwalik range of C Nepal, Chitwan National Park and Makwanpur District-Taubas, Bhaise .Clausilioidea J.E. Gray, 1855Superfamily: Clausiliidae J.E. Gray, 1855Family: Phaedusinae A.J. Wagner, 1922Subfamily: Cylindrophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877Genus: Distribution: Pakistan; India; Nepal; Bhutan; Myanmar .Clausiliacylindrica L. Pfeiffer, 1846Type species: Cylindrophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877Subgenus: Distribution: India: Punjab, W Bengal , 2002.Clausiliacylindrica L. Pfeiffer, 1846Type species: PageBreakCylindrophaedusa (Cylindrophaedusa) cylindrica Distribution: India: Punjab-Muree, W Bengal-Darjeeling , 2002.New species record for Nepal: Dadeldhura District.Montiphaedusa Nordsieck, 2002Subgenus: Distribution: N Pakistan; Nepal; NE India; Bhutan; Myanmar .Clausiliaioes Benson, 1852Type species: Cylindrophaedusa (Montiphaedusa) ioes Distribution: N Pakistan; Nepal; NE India; Bhutan; Myanmar .jiriensis Subspecies: Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Dolakha District-Jiri .Cylindrophaedusa (Montiphaedusa) kathmandica Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Hills surrounding Kathmandu Valley .New distribution records from Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill, Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Cylindrophaedusa (Montiphaedusa) martensiana Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Lamjung, Myagdi and Mustang Districts .martensiana Subspecies: Distribution: Myagdi and Mustang Districts-Dhorpatan, Thakkhola, Lete, Gorepani .dhaulagirica Subspecies: Distribution: Lamjung District-Jaljala, Myagdi Khola, Muri .Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840Superfamily: Achatinidae Swainson, 1840Family: Lissachatina Bequaert, 1950Genus: Distribution: Originally from E Africa but now globally distributed in tropical to warm temperate areas, i.e. W Africa; N and S America; S and SE Asia; China; Japan; Caribbean countries; Oceania .Achatinafulica Bowdich, 1822Type species: PageBreakLissachatinafulica Lissachatina.Distribution: See distribution of Nepal: Probably introduced into Nepal in the 1930s-40s . It is nNew distribution records from Nepal: Dang, Surkhet, Banke, Bardia, Kailali and Kanchanpur Districts.Ferussaciidae Bourguignat, 1883Family: Cecilioides F\u00e9russac, 1814Genus: Distribution: Europe; Africa; S Asia; Philippines; Oceania; American tropics .Buccinumacicula O.F. M\u00fcller, 1774Type species: Cecilioidescf.minuta Mousson, 1874Distribution: Drift debris of the Euphrates , Sarus River near Adana, SE Asia Minor .New species record for Nepal: Baitadi District, Far W Nepal.Subulinidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877Family: Subulininae P. Fischer and Crosse, 1877Subfamily: Allopeas H.B. Baker, 1935Genus: Distribution: Tropical, subtropical, and many temperate regions of Africa, S and SE Asia .Bulimusgracilis Hutton, 1834 )Type species: Allopeasclavulinum Distribution: Bourbon Island , other islands of the Indian Ocean; Japan .New species records for Nepal: Kathmandu, Kaski and Kailali Districts.Allopeasgracile Distribution: Tropics of both hemispheres, abundant in cultivated districts, perhaps the most widely ranging of all land snails .New species records for Nepal: Chitwan and Dhading Districts.Curvella Chaper, 1885Genus: Distribution: S Africa; India; China; SE Asia .Curvellasulcata Chaper, 1885Type species: PageBreakCurvellasikkimensis Gude, 1914Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling, Sikkim .New species record for Nepal: Ilam District-Maipokhari.Paropeas Pilsbry, 1906Genus: Distribution: Widespread in the tropical Indo-Pacific regions .Bulimusacutissimum Mousson, 1857Type species: Paropeasachatinaceum Distribution: Widespread in disturbed habitats in tropical Indo-Pacific regions .Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park-Nagarjun Forest .New distribution record from Nepal: Ramechhap District.Opeatinae Thiele, 1931Subfamily: Opeas Albers, 1850Genus: Distribution: Worldwide in tropical, subtropical and many temperate regions .Helixgoodallii Miller, 1822Type species: Opeas sp.Nepal: Morang District .Glessulinae Godwin-Austen, 1920Subfamily: Bacillum Theobald, 1870Genus: Distribution: NE India: W Bengal-Darjeeling, Sikkim, Assam-North Cachar, Meghalaya-Khasi Hill, Nagaland-Naga Hills .Achatinacassiaca Reeve, 1849Type species: Bacillum sp.Nepal: Ilam and Panchthar District .Glessula Martens, 1860Genus: Distribution: India; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Malaysia; Vietnam .Nepal: Kathmandu District .Achatinaceylanica L. Pfeiffer, 1845Type species: Glessulaorobia Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling .New species record for Nepal: Ilam District-Maipokhari.PageBreakGlessulasubjerdoni Beddome, 1906Distribution: S India: Western Ghats, Andhra Pradesh-Golconda Hill, Orissa-Jaypore .Nepal: Kathmandu District-Nagarjun Forest .Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920Genus: Distribution: India; Sri Lanka; Nepal; Myanmar; W Bhutan 36.Glessula (Rishetia) longispira Godwin-Austen, 1920Type species: Rishetiahastula Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling .New species record for Nepal: Chitwan National Park.Rishetiatenuispira Distribution: India: Western Ghats, W Bengal, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Maharastra; Myanmar; Bangladesh Distribution: Sri Lanka; throughout India; Myanmar ; Brazil New species record for Nepal: Chitwan District.PageBreakDiapheridae Panha & Naggs, 2010Family: Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883Subfamily: Sinoennea Kobelt, 1904Genus: Distribution: Japan; China; Vietnam; Malaysia; Sumatra; India .Pupastrophioides Gredler, 1881Type species: Indoennea Kobelt, 1904Subgenus: Distribution: India; Malaysia; Sumatra .Enneablanfordiana Godwin-Austen, 1872Type species: Sinoennea (Indoennea) blanfordiana Godwin-Austen, 1872Distribution: India: Assam-North Cachar .New species record for Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill.Sinoennea Kobelt, 1904Subgenus: Distribution: Foothills of Himalaya; S India; China; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Japan; S Korea .Pupastrophioides Gredler, 1881Type species: Sinoennea (Sinoennea) stenopylis Distribution: NE India: Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .Plectopyloidea M\u00f6llendorff, 1898Superfamily: Plectopylidae M\u00f6llendorff, 1898Family: Endothyrella Zilch, 1960Genus: Distribution: Nepal; NE India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Sikkim .Helixplectosoma Benson, 1836Type species: Endothyrellaaffinis Distribution: NE India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya-Khasi Hill, Mizoram .Nepal: Kathmandu District-Swoyambhunath Temple Forest .Endothyrellaminor Distribution: India: Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, W Bengal .New species records for Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill, Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park-Chisapani, Baghdwar, Langtang National Park-Golphubhanjyang.PageBreakGastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866Superfamily: Chronidae Thiele, 1931Family: Kaliellinae Thiele, 1931Subfamily: Kaliella W.T. Blanford, 1863Genus: Distribution: Indo-Malayan .Helixbarrakporensis L. Pfeiffer, 1853Type species: Kaliellabarrakporensis Distribution: India; Sri Lanka; Pakistan; Madagascar; Myanmar; Tropical E Africa and Eastern S Africa , hot-houNepal: Annapurna Conservation Area (Kuznetsov and Schileyko 1977).New distribution records from Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill, Kathmandu District-Champadevi Hill, Kirtipur.Kalielladikrangensis Godwin-Austen, 1883Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh .Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park .Kaliellafastigiata Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, W Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland; Madagascar; Myanmar .Nepal: Kathmandu District-Champadevi Hill .New distribution record from Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill.Kaliellanana Distribution: India: Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, W Bengal .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area , ShivapuNew distribution records from Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill and Kathmandu District-Champadevi Hill.Kaliellanongsteinensis Godwin-Austen, 1883Distribution: India: Meghalaya-Khasi Hill .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .PageBreakEuconulidae H.B. Baker, 1928Family: Euconulinae H.B. Baker, 1928Subfamily: Euconulus Reinhardt, 1883Genus: Distribution: Holarctic .Helixfulva O.F. M\u00fcller, 1774Type species: Euconulusfulvus Distribution: Holarctic .Nepal: Hills surrounding Kathmandu Valley .New distribution records from Nepal: Langtang National Park and Mustang District.Pristilomatidae Cockerell, 1891Family: Hawaiia Gude, 1911Genus: Distribution: N America from Alaska and Maine to Florida and south to Costa Rica, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands; Europe; Japan; Australia .Helixkawaiensis Reeve, 1854 Type species: Hawaiia sp.Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area .Helicarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877Superfamily: Helicarionidae Bourguignat, 1877Family: Durgelinae Godwin-Austen, 1888Subfamily: Durgella W.T. Blanford, 1863Genus: Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim, W Bengal; Myanmar .Helixlevicula Benson, 1859Type species: Durgella sp.New species records for Nepal: Chitwan National Park; Kathmandu and Pokhara Districts.Sitala H. Adams, 1865Genus: Distribution: India; Sri Lanka; Andaman Islands; SE Asia .Helixinfula Benson, 1848Type species: PageBreakSitalarimicola Distribution: India: Uttarakhand, W Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland .Nepal: Mustang District .New distribution records from Nepal: Dadeldhura, Kathmandu, Rasuwa and Mustang Districts.Cryptaustenia Cockerell, 1891Genus: Distribution: India; Nepal; Bhutan; Myanmar; Thailand .Vitrinaplanospira Benson, 1859 Type species: Cryptausteniacf.globosa Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh .Nepal: Kathmandu District, Annapurna Conservation Area .Cryptausteniaovata Distribution: India: W Bengal .Nepal: Kathmandu, Panchthar, Taplejung, Morang and Terhathum Districts , AnnapurGirasia J.E. Gray, 1855Genus: Distribution: India: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Sikkim; Myanmar .Girasiahookeri J.E. Gray, 1855Type species: Girasia sp.New species record for Nepal: Langtang National Park.Ariophantidae Godwin-Austen, 1888Family: Macrochlamydinae Godwin-Austen, 1888Subfamily: Macrochlamys Benson in Godwin-Austen, 1883Genus: Distribution: S and SE Asia .Macrochlamysindica Benson in Godwin-Austen, 1883Type species: Macrochlamysindica Benson in Godwin-Austen, 1883Distribution: India; Andaman Islands; Bangladesh; Sri Lanka .Nepal: Ilam, Sunsari, Dharan, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Gulmi, Kaski Districts .New distribution records from Nepal: Dadeldhura, Baitadi, and Kanchanpur Districts.PageBreakMacrochlamyslata Godwin-Austen, 1888Distribution: India: Meghalaya .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area .Macrochlamylongicauda Godwin-Austen, 1883Distribution: India: Meghalaya .Nepal: Kathmandu District, Annapurna Conservation Area .New distribution records from Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Macrochlamyslubrica Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling, Sikkim, Meghalaya .Nepal: Mid hills of several districts of E Nepal .Macrochlamysnuda Distribution: NW India: Himachal Pradesh-Simla, Uttarakhand-Kumaon .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area , 1998b.Macrochlamyspatane Distribution: NE India: W Bengal-Darjeeling, Sikkim .Nepal: Kathmandu District .Macrochlamysperpaula Distribution: India: Bihar, Jharkhand, Sikkim, W Bengal-Darjeeling .Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park-Nagarjun Forest .Macrochlamyssathilaensis Godwin-Austen, 1907Distribution: NE India: Sikkim-Richila Peak; Bhutan .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area, Solukhumbu District .Macrochlamyssequax Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area .Macrochlamyssequius Godwin-Austen, 1907Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area .PageBreakMacrochlamyssubjecta Distribution: India: Jharkhand-Rajmahal Hills, Orrissa-Cuttak .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area .New distribution records from Nepal: Widely distributed in W Tarai to the mid hills of C Nepal.Macrochlamystugurium Distribution: India: Manipur, Sikkim, W Bengal-Darjeeling .Nepal: Kathmandu District (Kiauta and Butot 1972).New distribution record from Nepal: Khaptad National Park.Euaustenia Cockerell, 1891Genus: Distribution: Afghanistan; Pakistan; NW and NE India: Uttarakhand, Sikkim .Vitrinascutella Benson, 1859 Distribution: NW India: Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Uttarakhand-Kumaon .New species records for Nepal: Baitadi, Darchula, and Dadeldhura Districts.Euausteniamonticola Distribution: NW India: Kashmir, Uttarakhand-Nainital .Nepal: Kathmandu District , AnnapurNew distribution records from Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.Bensonies H.B. Baker, 1938Genus: Distribution: Afghanistan; Pakistan; India: Uttarakhand, Sikkim .Naninamonticola Hutton, 1838Type species: Bensoniesconvexa Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area .New distribution records from Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill, Kathmandu District- Champadevi Hill, Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks.PageBreakBensoniesjacquemonti Distribution: Pakistan: Murree; NW India: Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand .New species record for Nepal: Baitadi District.Bensoniesmonticola Distribution: NW India: Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand .New species record for Nepal: Khaptad National Park.Bensoniesnepalensis Distribution: Endemic to Nepal, where it is common in Kathmandu Valley .New distribution records from Nepal: Lalitpur, Kavre, Chitwan, Kaski, Gulmi, Syangjha, Parbat, and Myagdi Districts.Bensoniestheobaldiana Distribution: NW India: Himachal Pradesh-Simla, Uttarakhand .New species record for Nepal: Khaptad National Park.Himalodiscus Kuznetsov, 1996Genus: Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: C and W Nepal.Himalodiscusaculeatus Kuznetsov, 1996Type species: Himalodiscusaculeatus Kuznetsov, 1996Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill .New distribution record from Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park.Himalodiscusechinatus Schileyko & Kuznetsov, 1998Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area. Only reported from the type locality Lete .Khasiella Godwin-Austen, 1899Genus: Distribution: E Himalaya from Nepal and India to Myanmar .Helixvidua Hanley & Theobald, 1875Type species: Khasiellaornatissima Distribution: India: W Bengal, Sikkim , Uttar PPageBreakNepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill .New distribution records from Nepal: Chitwan National Park, Chitwan and Nawalparasi Districts.Khasiellapansa Distribution: Myanmar: Ayeyarwady Valley, Sullivan Island, Mergui Archipelago .Nepal: Ilam, Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Dharan, Saptari, Udayapur, Kaski, Rupandehi and Kailali Districts .Oxytesta Zilch, 1956Genus: Distribution: E Himalaya from Nepal and NE India to Myanmar and Laos .Helixoxytes Benson, 1836Type species: Oxytestablanfordi Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling, Sikkim .Nepal: Mustang .New distribution records from Nepal: Rasuwa and Parbat Districts.Oxytestacycloplax Distribution: India: Sikkim .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .New distribution record from Nepal: Sankhuwasabha District.Oxytestaorobia Distribution: India: W Bengal-Darjeeling .Nepal: Hills surrounding Kathmandu Valley .New distribution records from Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks, Sankhuwasabha District.Oxytestasylvicola Distribution: NE India: Assam-Burail range, North Cachar, Nagaland .Nepal: Ilam, Morang, Dharan, Udayapur, Kaski, Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Terhathum Districts .Rotungia Godwin-Austen, 1918Genus: Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh-Abor Hill; Myanmar-Upper Rotung .Rotungiawilliamsoni Godwin-Austen, 1918Type species: PageBreakRotungiawilliamsoni Godwin-Austen, 1918Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh-Abor Hill Nepal: Taplejung and Terhathum Districts .Syama Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908Genus: Distribution: India .Nanina (Macrochlamys) prona Nevill, 1878.Type species: Syamaprona Distribution: NW India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand .Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park-Nagarjun Forest .prona Subspecies: Distribution: Annapurna Conservation Area .Rasama Laidlaw, 1932Genus: Distribution: NE India; W Bhutan .Macrochlamyskala Godwin-Austen, 1883Type species: Rasamakala Distribution: India: Sikkim-Damsang Peak, Dalling Hills; W Bhutan .New species record for Nepal: Ilam District-Maipokhari.Taphrospira W.T. Blanford, 1905Genus: Distribution: India: Assam; Andaman Islands; Myanmar .Helixconvallata Benson, 1856Type species: Taphrospiracompluvialis Distribution: India: Assam; Andaman Islands; Myanmar .Nepal: Panchthar, Taplejung and Terhathum Districts .Taphrospiraconvallata Distribution: Myanmar .New species record for Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park.PageBreakLimacoidea Lamarck, 1801Superfamily: Limacidae Lamarck, 1801Family: Limacinae Lamarck, 1801Subfamily: Distribution: W Palearctic region .Limax Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Distribution: Palearctic region .Limaxmaximus Linnaeus, 1758Type species: Limaxseticus Wiktor & B\u00f6ssneck, 2004Limax species recorded from the Himalaya  in the world. This species was reported only from Bajura District.Turcomilax Simroth, 1901Genus: Distribution: India and Nepal .Gigantomilax (Turcomilax) nanus Simroth, 1901Type species: Kasperia Godwin-Austen, 1914Subgenus: Distribution: India: Kashmir .Limax (Kasperia) mayae Godwin-Austen, 1914 Type species: Turcomilax (Kasperia) oli Wiktor, Naggs & Gupta, 1999Distribution: India: Kumaun Himalaya .Nepal: Darchula District .Agriolimacidae Wagner, 1935Family: Agriolimacinae Wagner, 1935Subfamily: Deroceras Rafinesque, 1820Genus: Distribution: Holarctic. From Sahara to NE America and S Asia .Limaxlaevis O.F. M\u00fcller, 1774Type species: Deroceraslaeve Distribution: Holarctic. From Sahara to NE America. It has been introduced worldwide .Nepal: Kathmandu, Taplejung and Panchthar Districts .New distribution record from Nepal: Lalitpur District.PageBreakArionoidea J.E. Gray, 1840Superfamily: Anadenidae Pilsbry, 1948Family: Anadenus Heynemann, 1863Genus: Distribution: S China; southern slopes of the Himalaya from Pakistan eastward to Sikkim .Anadenusgiganteus Heynemann, 1863 Type species: Anadenusaltivagus Distribution: Southern slopes of the Himalaya from Rawalpindi in the west of N Pakistan through Kashmir and Nepal to Sikkim in NE India .Nepal: Bajura, Darchula, Humla and Rasuwa Districts .New distribution records from Nepal: Langtang National Park-Dhunche-Gosainkund-Chisapani trekking route.Anadenusnepalensis Wiktor, 2001Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Hills of Darchula, Dolpa, Humla, Jumla, Lamjung, Kaski, Palpa and Kathmandu Districts .Sagarmathia Kuzminykh & Schileyko, 2005Subgenus: Distribution: Endemic to Nepal .Anadenus (Sagarmathia) kuznetsovi Kuzminykh & Schileyko, 2005Type species: Anadenus (Sagarmathia) kuznetsovi Kuzminykh & Schileyko, 2005Distribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Only reported from the type locality, Phuiyan Khola, Solukhumbu District .Philomycidae J.E. Gray, 1847Family: Meghimatium van Hasselt, 1823Genus: Distribution: Russia; China; Korea; Japan; Borneo; Sumatra; Java; Celebes; Philippines .Meghimatiumstriatum van Hasselt, 1823Type species: Meghimatiumcf.pictum Distribution: China; India .Nepal: Chitwan National Park .PageBreakHelicoidea Rafinesque, 1815Superfamily: Bradybaenidae Pilsbry, 1934Family: Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1934Subfamily: Bradybaena Beck, 1837Genus: Bradybaenasimilaris is widely introduced in other regions Distribution: NW to NE India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim .Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area-Kokhethanti, Lete Khola , 1998b.Bradybaena?thakkholensis Schileyko & Kuznetsov, 1998aDistribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area. Only known from Thakkhola, the type locality .Plectotropis Martens, 1860Genus: Ditribution: India; China; Japan; Sumatra .Helixelegantissima L. Pfeiffer, 1849Type species: Plectotropistapeina Distribution: India; Bangladesh; Myanmar .Nepal: Ilam and Panchthar Districts .Camaenidae Pilsbry, 1895Family: Camaeninae Pilsbry, 1895Subfamily: Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918Genus Distribution: Sri Lanka; NE India; Nepal; Indonesia; Philippines .Helixhuttonii L. Pfeiffer, 1842Type species: Landouriaaborensis Godwin-Austen, 1918Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh-Abor Hill .Nepal: Dolakha, Lalitpur, Ramechhap and Solukhumbu Districts .PageBreakLandouriacoeni Distribution: India: Nagaland .Nepal: Solukhumbu District .Landouriadhaulagirica Schileyko & Kuznetsov, 1998aDistribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area-Larjung, Kokhethanti, Kalopani .Landouriahuttonii Distribution: India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, W Bengal, Assam, Nagaland .Nepal: Kaski and Myagdi Districts .Landouriarhododendronis Schileyko & Kuznetsov, 1998aDistribution: Endemic to Nepal.Nepal: Annapurna Conservation Area-Gorepani, Parbat District .Landouriasavadiensis Distribution: Myanmar: Sawady .Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park-Nagarjun Forest, Tare-Bhir .Ganesella W.T. Blanford, 1863Genus: Distribution: India; Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia .Helixcapitium Benson, 1848Type species: Ganesella sp.Nepal: Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park .New distribution record from Nepal: Lalitpur District-Phulchowki Hill.1PageBreakCyclophorus were recognized by Maizania Bourguignat, 1889, was elevated to family level Maizaniidae by Glossostylus Kobelt and M\u00f6llendorff, 1897 (S and SE Asia), Litostylus Kobelt & M\u00f6llendorff, 1897 (S and SE Asia), Salpingophorus Kobelt and M\u00f6llendorff, 1897 (S and SE Asia), Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810 (S and SE Asia) and Cyclohelix M\u00f6rch, 1852 (Andaman and Nicobar Islands). Salpingophorus by Annularia Schumacher, 1817 and Cyclohelix by Otopoma Gray, 1850, while Litostylus by Kobeltostylus Egorov, 2006. In this list we follow Salpingophorus as a junior synonym of Cyclophorus, while maintaining Cricophorus Kobelt and M\u00f6llendorff, 1897 as separate subgenus, next to Cyclophorus, Glossostylus, Cyclohelix and Kobeltostylus.Eight subgenera of 2Cyclophorusfulguratus populations in Thailand suggest that this is a species complex . Kobeltostylus.The name 4Salpingophorus Kobelt & M\u00f6llendorff, 1897 by Annularia Schumacher, 1817, while Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810 (see note 5Cyclophorus (Annularia) aurantiacus is distributed in SE Asia, so that its presence in Nepal is doubtful and requires confirmation.6Scabrina W. T. Blanford, 1863 as a subgenus of Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810. Scabrina to genus rank. Cyclophoruspinnulifer Benson, 1857 was fixed as the type species of Scabrina by 7Alycaeinae to Gray, 1850 . Therefore, it has been replaced by Alycaeuseydouxi Venmans, 1956.The name of the type species of 9Chamalycaeus (Dicharax) strangulatus to Hutton such as Some authors attribute authorship of PageBreak10Diplommatina  canarica is endemic to the Western Ghats . Many authors have used \u2018funiculatum\u2019 , which is the Chinese Province Hubei (= Hupeh) (See peh) See . The corpeh) See . In Nepapeh) See . The she14Carychium shells collected by PB from Phulchowki, Shivapuri-Nagarjun and Langtang National Parks have very fine and strong radial ribs, as well as slender apical whorls. As such they differ from the shells of Carychiumminusculum specimen from Langtang National Park deposited in ZMMU No. Lc-39251 and Carychiumminusculum in minusculum.15Vaginulusalte was published in 1822, instead of 1821 as is often mentioned in the literature or 1823 as mentioned in altae\u2019 in e.g. According to PageBreak16Pupillaannandalei Pilsbry, 1921 was doubtfully recorded as Ava (Myanmar) in the Indian Museum  asserted that om Nepal . Benson om Nepal : 139 gav18Helixhumilis to Hutton, but 19Pyramidulakuznetsovi was misidentified as Pyramidulahumilis by Schileyko and Kuznetsov (1997). Kuznetsov\u2019s collections were recently reviewed and 20cantorii\u2019 and not \u2018cantori\u2019 as some authors mention  is Nilgiris, South India. Although Mirus, though without suggesting an alternative generic placement.The type locality of 22PageBreakDarwininitiumshiwalikianum, Dr. Somsak Panha communicated that he and Dr. Chirasak Sutcharit  noticed the conchological similarity between this species and Helixcapitium Benson, 1848, type species of the camaenid genus Ganesella W.T. Blanford, 1863. Further anatomical and DNA studies are needed to verify whether Darwininitiumshiwalikianum and Ganesellacapitium are conspecific. Moreover, the family level affiliations of Darwininitium and Ganesella remain to be assessed since the Camaenidae may not be monophyletic  and all other spellings are invalid.26Cecilioides shell was collected in Nepal (Baitadi District). It measures about 2 mm, has four whorls, and resembles Cecilioidesminuta.Only a single 27Opeas, Beckianum, Leptopeas, Lamellaxis and Leptinaria have been confusingly interpreted  from Annapurna Conservation Area. Opeasprestoni. prestoni\u2019 under Allopeas. Opeasprestoni Sykes, 1898 under Opeasmauritianum  as var.prestoni. mauritianum\u2019 under Opeas. Some authors assign \u2018prestoni\u2019 to Lamellaxis  identified a Nepalese specimen as xis e.g. . Griffitot known .30Opeas species have been confusingly interpreted and have been assigned variously to different genera such as Allopeas, Lamellaxis, Paropeas and Prosopeas   .31Glessulinae as a subfamily of the Subulinidae.We follow PageBreak32Bacillum are still unclear. Rishetiinae Schileyko, 1999, together with Eutomopeas Pilsbry, 1946, Tortaxis Pilsbry, 1906 and Rishetia Godwin-Austen, 1920. Based on the half exposed reproductive parts of a specimen labeled as Bacillum sp. Bacillum and Glessula shows that the two genera come next to each other....\u2019  of the genus Electra Albers, 1850, which is a junior homonym of Electra Lamouroux, 1816 (Ectoprocta). Therefore Electra Albers, 1850 was replaced by Glessula Martens, 1860 and in such cases ICZN Art. 67.8 rules that the type species of the replaced genus name is automatically also the type species of the new genus name.Although ula e.g. , the corer, 1845 . This is35Glessulasubjerdoni is S India: Jaypore and Golconda Hills  by Glessulasubjerdoni to be a \u2018nomen dubium\u2019.The type locality of da Hills . Specime36Rishetia in this list is based on unpublished anatomical data of specimens from Nepal and Sri Lanka. For example, Dinarzarde Raheem\u2019s unpublished figures of dissected specimen of Glessulacapillacea  from Sri Lanka indicate that it belongs to Rishetia because it has an elongated flagellum typical of Rishetia.The distribution range of 37Rishetiatenuispira from Nepal were first described under the genus name Ranibania Schileyko & Kuznetsov, 1996. Ranibania was subsequently synonymized with Rishetia . However, Rishetiatenuispira (Benson) from Nepal differs from Benson\u2019s Rishetiatenuispira from the type locality, Khasi Hills NE India and is similar to Godwin-Austen\u2019s Rishetialongispira Godwin-Austen, 1920. Rishetiacf.longispira. longispira and tenuispira  but the distribution range of longispira was recorded as westward from Bhutan to Sikkim and Darjeeling, whereas tenuispira was recorded from the Khasi and Garo Hills (p. 11\u201312).Specimens of PageBreak38Gulellabicolor was originally described as Pupabicolor Hutton, 1834 but Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855. The species has also been included in the Indo-Chinese streptaxid genus Sinoennea Kobelt, 1904. DNA sequence data, however, suggest that Pupabicolor comes within Gulella  from Pegu  (The record of Myanmar) : 81 is p40Endothyrellaaffinis from Swoyambhunath temple forest area, but the material from this area may be a different species .41Kaliellabarrakporensis , while in 1898 he corrected it to \u2018Cryptaustenia\u2019 (singular). However, according to Art 11.8 and 33.2.2 of ICZN, the publication date of the corrected name remains \u20181891\u2019.45Macrochlamys and its type species. This list follows Macrochlamys sensu Macrochlamysindica Benson in Godwin-Austen, 1883 as its type species.There is still much nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion with respect to the genus 46Macrochlamystugurium would be the most common land gastropod of Kathmandu Valley but so far PB has not recorded Macrochlamystugurium in this area. The most common land gastropod in the Kathmandu Valley is Bensoniesnepalensis, because of its similar shell shape and size, may have been misidentified as Macrochlamystugurium.According to 47Euausteniae\u2019 , while in 1898 he corrected it to \u2018Euaustenia\u2019 (singular). According to Art. 11.8 and 33.2.2 of the ICZN, the publication date of the corrected name remains \u20181891\u2019.48Vitrinamonticola L. Pfeiffer is \u20181849\u2019 not \u20181848\u2019 as cited by some authors mention ; see also The publication date of ion e.g. . See DunPageBreak49Bensoniesnepalensis shows a remarkable shell colour polymorphism that seems to correlate with altitude: at lower altitudes in C Nepal (Chitwan District) the body whorl of shells shows a dark brown band on a chocolate brown or white background. They co-occur with banded shells which are similar to mid hill specimens .50Himalodiscusaculeatus was originally assigned to the Discidae by Ariophantidae.51Helixvidua\u2019 has been confusingly cited. Euplectavidua W.T. Blanford\u2019, but Euplectavidua Hanley and Theobald, 1875\u2019. Euplecta (Rotula) vidua Blanford\u2019, whereas Khasiellavidua Blanford\u2019 in the same book under its species description as \u2018Khasiellavidua H. & T. (Blf. MSS) (Helix)\u2019. We follow Helixvidua Hanley & Theobald, 1875.The type species \u201852Khasiellapansa needs to be verified.The identification of Nepalese 53Oxytestaorobia from the neighbourhood of Kathmandu, Nepal. PB checked the syntypes in NHM and specimens available at RBINS and compared these with Nepalese shells and concluded that the Nepalese specimens belong to a different species.54Sarama Blanford and Godwin-Austen, 1908 is a junior homonym of Sarama Moore, 1887. Saramina Wenz, 1947 is a junior synonym of Rasama Laidlaw, 1932.55Taulimax Wiktor and Likharev, 1980 is a junior synonym of Kasperia Godwin-Austen, 1914 , 3,300 m a.s.l., fir forest\u2019 and two specimens from \u2018Gosainkund, 4,200 m a.s.l.\u2019 both collected on 27.09.1981 by A. Kuska  and Meghimatiumbilineatum  based on Chinese specimens but found no clear differences and hence were undecided as to whether or not Meghimatiumcf.pictum is a distinct species. The reproductive organs of a specimen from Nepal resemble those of Chinese Meghimatiumcf.pictum.PageBreak60Bradybaena(?)thakkholensis was described on the basis of a few juvenile shells by 61Aegista (Placetotropis) tapeina.62huttonii\u2019 (huttoni\u2019 as mentioned by e.g. The correct spelling is \u2018uttonii\u2019 : 82, not63Landouriacoeni was placed in the subgenus Plectotropis of the genus Aegista by"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Jinfeng Zou. The correct citation is: You L, Yan K, Zou J, Zhao H, Bertos NR, Park M, et al. (2015) The Lysine Acetyltransferase Activator Brpf1 Governs Dentate Gyrus Development through Neural Stem Cells and Progenitors. PLoS Genet 11(3): e1005034. doi:"}
{"text": "Heliconius butterflies. Genome Res 23: 1817\u20131828.Martin SH, Dasmahapatra KK, Nadeau NJ, Salazar C, Walters JR, et al. (2013) Genome-wide evidence for speciation with gene flow in Ficedula flycatchers. Nature 491: 756\u2013760.Ellegren H, Smeds L, Burri R, Olason PI, Backstrom N, et al. (2012) The genomic landscape of species divergence in References 1 and 2 are incorrect. The correct references are listed here:"}
{"text": "The fourth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Raed Alroughani.10.1371/journal.pone.0142265The correct citation is: Al-Temaimi RA, Al-Enezi A, Al-Serri A, Alroughani R, Al-Mulla F (2015) The Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms with Multiple Sclerosis in a Case-Control Study from Kuwait. PLoS ONE 10(11): e0142265. doi:The publisher apologizes for the error."}
{"text": "The fifth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Tobias Strittmatter. The correct citation is:10.1371/journal.pone.0119927Hsiau TH-C, Sukovich D, Elms P, Prince RN, Strittmatter T, Ruan P, et al. (2015) A Method for Multiplex Gene Synthesis Employing Error Correction Based on Expression. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0119927. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Dulce Alfaiate. The correct citation is: Palumbo GA, Scisciani C, Pediconi N, Lupacchini L, Alfaiate D, Guerrieri F, et al. (2015) IL6 Inhibits HBV Transcription by Targeting the Epigenetic Control of the Nuclear cccDNA Minichromosome. PLoS ONE 10(11): e0142599. doi:"}
{"text": "PLOS ONE editorial office was made aware that prior work by Prof. Amornrat Phongdara and colleagues on the role of fortilin/TCTP in response of the shrimp Penaeus monodon to viral infections were not cited in this article. After consulting with Academic Editors, the PLOS ONE staff editors believe that these articles should have been cited. These articles are:The Tonganunt M, Nupan B, Saengsakda M, Suklour S, Wanna W, Senapin S, Chotigeat W, Phongdara A: The role of Pm-fortilin in protecting shrimp from white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2008 Nov;25(5):633-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.08.006.Nupan B, Phongdara A, Saengsakda M, Leu JH, Lo CF: Shrimp Pm-fortilin inhibits the expression of early and late genes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in an insect cell model. Dev Comp Immunol. 2011 Apr;35(4):469-75. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.016.Panrat T, Sinthujaroen P, Nupan B, Wanna W, Tammi MT, Phongdara A: Characterization of a novel binding protein for Fortilin/TCTP\u2014component of a defense mechanism against viral infection in Penaeus monodon. PLOS ONE 2012;7(3):e33291. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033291.http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=74639The authors apologize for not citing this work, and have provided an updated discussion at"}
{"text": "In Vivo Antidiabetic Properties of Umbelliferone and Lupeol Constituents of Banana  Flower in Hyperglycaemic Rodent Model. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0151135. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151135The fifth author\u2019s name is presented incorrectly within the citation. The correct citation is: Dhananjaya BL. The correct citation is: Ramu R, S. Shirahatti P, S. NS, Zameer F, Dhananjaya BL, M. N. NP (2016) Assessment of"}
{"text": "There are errors in references 8 and 55. The correct references are:10.1007/s00382-014-2182-98. Feldhoff JH, Lange S, Volkholz J, Donges JF, Kurths J, Gerstengarbe FW (2014) Complex networks for climate model evaluation with application to statistical versus dynamical modeling of South American climate. Clim Dyn. doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2199-055. Lange S, Rockel B, Volkholz J, Bookhagen B (2014) Regional climate model sensitivities to parametrizations of convection and non-precipitating subgrid-scale clouds over South America. Clim Dyn. doi:There is an error in the reference in the fourth sentence of the Abstract. The sentence should read: Building on a recent study by Feldhoff et al. [8] we comparatively analyze statistical and dynamical regional climate simulations of the South American monsoon system."}
{"text": "There is an error in Reference 19. The correct reference is:Turchet, L., Serafin, S., & Cesari, P. (2013). Walking pace affected by interactive sounds simulating stepping on different terrains. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP), 10(4), 23:1-23:14"}
{"text": "The following information is missing from the Funding section: State Oceanic Administration grant number 201105021 and China National Offshore Oil Corporation grants CNOOC-KJ 125 FZDXM 00 TJ 001\u20132014 and CNOOC-KJ 125 FZDXM 00 ZJ 001\u20132014.http://www.973.gov.cn/English/Index.aspx), NSFC grants 91028001, 91328209, and 91428308 , SOA grants 201105021 and GASI-03-01-02-05 (http://www.soa.gov.cn/index.html), and CNOOC grants CNOOC-KJ 125 FZDXM 00 TJ 001\u20132014 and CNOOC-KJ 125 FZDXM 00 ZJ 001\u20132014 (http://www.cnooc.com.cn/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.The complete, correct Funding statement is: This work was supported by China MOST 973 grant 2013CB955700 ("}
{"text": "Time-of-flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOF-PET) and TOF-PET/MRI require scintillators with high light yield, short decay time, and short rise time in order to obtain high timing resolution. LSO:Ce and LYSO:Ce are commonly used. Ca co-doped LSO:Ce shows improved scintillation properties. The decay time constant of LSO:Ce,0.2%Ca (~33 ns) is shorter than standard LSO:Ce (~38-40 ns), and it has about 15% higher light yield. We measured scintillation pulse shapes and photoelectron yields of LSO:Ce, LSO:Ce,0.2%Ca, LYSO:Ce, LYSO:Ce,20ppmCa, LYSO:0.11%Ce,0.2%Mg, and LYSO:0.2%Ce,0.2%Ca at temperatures ranging from 193 K to 373 K. To study rise times we built a set-up in which samples are excited by 100 ps (FWHM) x-ray pulses.3+ centres. This quenching mechanism does not worsen the timing resolution, as opposed to recombination of electron-hole pairs. It follows that the timing resolution of LSO:Ce is constant over the entire temperature range, in accordance with the timing model described in [Figure ribed in .Figure 1"}
{"text": "The correct name is Thiago Almeida Pereira. The correct article citation is: Machado MV, Michelotti GA, Xie G, Pereira TA, Boursier J, Bohnic B, et al. (2015) Mouse Models of Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Reproduce the Heterogeneity of the Human Disease. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0127991. doi:"}
{"text": "The fourth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Claudia J. Mansell. The correct citation is: Park SM, Angel CE, McIntosh JD, Mansell CJ, Chen C-JJ, et al. (2014) Mapping the Distinctive Populations of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Different Zones of Human Lymph Nodes. PLoS ONE 9(4): e94781. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094781"}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Hae-Won Kim. The correct citation is: Lee JH, Choi SS, Kim H-W, Xiong WC, Min CK, Lee SJ, et al. (2014) Neogenin as a Receptor for Early Cell Fate Determination in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos. PLoS ONE 9(7): e101989. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101989.There is an error in affiliation 1 for authors Jae Ho Lee and Hae-Won Kim. Affiliation 1 should be: Department of Nanobiomedical Sciences and BK21 PLUS MBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, S. Korea."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Min-Kyu Choi. The correct citation is: Hu H-J, Park S-G, Jang HB, Choi M-K, Park K-H, Kang JH, et al. (2015) Obesity Alters the Microbial Community Profile in Korean Adolescents. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0134333. doi:There is an error in affiliation 4 for author Min-Kyu Choi. Affiliation 4 should be: Department of Family Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Eleni Dragozi. The correct citation is: Bajocco S, Dragozi E, Gitas I, Smiraglia D, Salvati L, Ricotta C (2015) Mapping Forest Fuels through Vegetation Phenology: The Role of Coarse-Resolution Satellite Time-Series. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0119811. doi: The publisher apologizes for the error."}
{"text": "The correct spelling is: Chanthel Kokoy-Mondrogon. The correct citation is: RamachandraRao SP, Matthias MA, Kokoy-Mondrogon C, Aghania E, Park C, et al. (2015) Proteomic Analysis of Urine Exosomes Reveals Renal Tubule Response to Leptospiral Colonization in Experimentally Infected Rats. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(3): e0003640. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Roberto Cazzolla Gatti. The correct citation is: Battipaglia G, Zalloni E, Castaldi S, Marzaioli F, Cazzolla Gatti R, et al. (2015) Long Tree-Ring Chronologies Provide Evidence of Recent Tree Growth Decrease in a Central African Tropical Forest. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0120962. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Johannes Grueneisen. The correct citation is: Schaarschmidt BM, Buchbender C, Nensa F, Grueneisen J, Gomez B, K\u00f6hler J, et al. (2015) Correlation of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) with the Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) in Lymph Node Metastases of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Using Hybrid 18F-FDG PET/MRI. PLoS ONE 10(1): e0116277. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct title is: A Hematogenously Disseminated Orientia tsutsugamushi-Infected Murine Model of Scrub Typhus. The correct citation is: Shelite TR, Saito TB, Mendell NL, Gong B, Xu G, et al. (2014) A Hematogenously Disseminated Orientia tsutsugamushi-Infected Murine Model of Scrub Typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(7): e2966. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002966The word \u201c"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ryan R. Hansen. The correct citation is: Hansen RR, Timm AC, Timm CM, Bible AN, Morrell-Falvey JL, Pelletier DA, et al. (2016) Stochastic Assembly of Bacteria in Microwell Arrays Reveals the Importance of Confinement in Community Development. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0155080. doi:"}
{"text": "During 2011\u20132012, 75.6% of adults aged \u226518 years with hypertension were taking medication to lower their blood pressure, and 51.8% had their blood pressure under control. Non-Hispanic Asian adults with hypertension were less likely to be taking medication (65.2%) than were non-Hispanic black (77.4%) and non-Hispanic white (76.7%) adults with hypertension. No difference was observed in controlled hypertension among adults in the different race and Hispanic ethnicity groups.Source: Nwankwo T, Yoon S, Burt V, Gu Q. Hypertension among adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011\u20132012. NCHS data brief no. 133. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2013. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db133.htm.Reported by: Tatiana Nwankwo, MS, bwt4@cdc.gov, 301-458-4553; Sarah Yoon, PhD; Steven M. Frenk, PhD."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Catrin E. Moore. The correct citation is: Carter MJ, Emary KR, Moore CE, Parry CM, Sona S, Putchhat H, et al. (2015) Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Dengue Virus Infection in Febrile Cambodian Children: Diagnostic Accuracy and Incorporation into Diagnostic Algorithms. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(2): e0003424. doi:"}
{"text": "The second author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Ji-Seon Seo. The correct citation is: Kim TE, Seo JS, Yang JW, Kim MW, Kausar R, et al. (2013) Nurr1 Represses Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression via SIRT1 in Human Neural Stem Cells. PLoS ONE 8(8): e71469. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071469"}
{"text": "Arabidopsis GCR1 Mutant Reveals Its Roles in Stress, Hormones, Secondary Metabolism and Phosphate Starvation. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0117819. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117819The sixth author\u2019s name is incorrect. The correct name is: Richard Hooley. The correct citation is: Chakraborty N, Sharma P, Kanyuka K, Pathak RR, Choudhury D, Hooley R, et al. (2015) Transcriptome Analysis of"}
{"text": "The fifth author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Sam M. Doesburg. The correct citation is: Todd RM, Taylor MJ, Robertson A, Cassel DB, Doesburg SM, et al. (2014) Temporal-Spatial Neural Activation Patterns Linked to Perceptual Encoding of Emotional Salience. PLoS ONE 9(4): e93753. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093753"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Aileen Adam. The correct citation is: Henderson LJ, Evans NP, Heidinger BJ, Adam A, Arnold KE (2014) Maternal Condition but Not Corticosterone Is Linked to Offspring Sex Ratio in a Passerine Bird. PLoS ONE 9(10): e110858. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110858"}
{"text": "The correct reference is: Riess T, Andersson SG, Lupas A, Schaller M, Schafer A, et al. (2004) Bartonella adhesin a mediates a proangiogenic host cell response. J Exp Med 200: 1267\u20131278. doi:"}
{"text": "Treatment with anti-TNF therapies (anti-TNF) for polyarticular forms  of JIA (PF-JIA) results in >50% demonstrating clinical inactive disease (CID).The aims of this study were to perform the first prospective, mulicenter trial to determine the frequency, timing and predictors of flare upon withdrawal of anti-TNF in PF-JIA in CID.In 16 centers 137 children with PF-JIA in CID on anti-TNF were enrolled and prospectively followed. If CID was maintained for the first 6 study mos, then anti-TNF was stopped and the patients were followed prospectively by protocol. Background meds were stable.The study population included 18 (13%) extended oligoarticular, 17 (12%) RF+ Poly and 102 (75%) RF- Poly JIA patients. At enrollment, age (mean/median/range) was 11.3/11.6/3.4-20.1 yrs; disease duration was 5.0/4.1/0.6-18.6 yrs; 103 (75%) were females and 64 (47%) were ANA+. Duration of CID at baseline was 1.2/0.5/1 day-12.1 yrs. Anti-TNF was etanercept in 106 (77%), 25 (18%) adalimumab and 6 (5%) infliximab. 40% were on MTX at baseline (mean/median dose 0.4/0.4 mg/kg/wk).17% were unable to maintain CID for the first 6 months despite stable background medications. For the extended oligo, Poly RF \u2013 and Poly RF+ categories 94%, 82% and 60%, respectively, maintained CID for the first 6 months . ANA status, MTX use, and type of anti-TNF were not associated with the ability to maintain CID .Upon stopping the anti-TNF therapy, the mean time to flare was 18.3 months with a median of 26 months (range 9-32 months). Longer disease duration at baseline was associated with an increasing risk of flare with stopping anti-TNF therapy . Background MTX significantly decreased the risk of flare (p= 0.05) and significantly increased the time to flare (p = 0.05). JIA subtype was significantly associated with both risk of flaring (p=0.02) and time to flare (p= 0.04) with RF+ Poly flaring less frequently than either RF- or Extended oligo which seem similar. RF+ patients were significantly less likely to flare than RF- (p= 0.02). Age, gender, ANA status, duration of CID did not predict risk of or time to flare.In these patients with Polyarticular forms of JIA in CID for \u22656 mos, upon stopping the anti-TNF therapy, 70% will experience a flare within 3.25 years but \u2265 50% will maintain CID for \u226517 months. Continuing background MTX both decreases the risk of flare and increases the time to flare. Disease duration and JIA subtype are the only predictive clinical parameters. Duration of CID was NOT predictive of risk of flare after stopping anti-TNF therapy.D. Lovell: consultant for: Roche, Genetech, Jannsen, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, Abbott, Forest Research, BMS. Speaker Bureau of: Novartis, Roche, Genetech. A. Johnson: none declared. Y. Kimura: Consultant for: Novartis.S. Spalding: none declared. P. Morris: none declared. B. Gottlieb: none declared. K. Onel: none declared. J. Olson: consultant for: Abbott. B. Edelheit: none declared. M. Shisov: none declared. L. Jung: none declared. E. Cassidy: none declared. S. Prahalad: none declared. M. Passo: none declared. T. Beukelman: grant / research support from Pfizer, consultant for Novartis, Genentech, UCB. J. Mehta: none declared. K. Schmidt: none declared.D. Foell: none declared. C. Hinze: none declared. B. Huang: none declared. E. Giannini: none declared."}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus on Polystyrene and a Human Epidermal Model. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0145722. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145722The fifth author\u2019s name is incorrectly spelled. The correct name is: R.I. Koning. The correct citation is: den Reijer PM, Haisma EM, Lemmens-den Toom NA, Willemse J, Koning RI, Demmers JAA, et al. (2016) Detection of Alpha-Toxin and Other Virulence Factors in Biofilms of"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Leleesha Samaraweera. The correction citation is: Hou JY, Rodriguez-Gabin A, Samaraweera L, Hazan R, Goldberg GL, Horwitz SB, et al. (2013) Exploiting MEK Inhibitor-Mediated Activation of ER\u03b1 for Therapeutic Intervention in ER-Positive Ovarian Carcinoma. PLoS ONE 8(2): e54103. doi:"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Roland Schwarzer. The correct citation is: Reuven EM, Ali M, Rotem E, Schwarzer R, Gramatica A, et al. (2014) The HIV-1 Envelope Transmembrane Domain Binds TLR2 through a Distinct Dimerization Motif and Inhibits TLR2-Mediated Responses. PLoS Pathog 10(8): e1004248. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004248"}
{"text": "A reference is omitted from the third sentence of the second paragraph of the Introduction.The sentence should read: Recently, our research group showed by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG) somatotopic activation of motor areas accompanying the processing of visually presented single verbs .10.1016/j.bandl.2013.12.001.The reference is: Klepp A, Weissler H, Niccolai V, Terhalle A, Geisler H, Schnitzler A, Biermann-Ruben K (2014) Neuromagnetic hand and foot motor source recruited during action verb processing. Brain Lang 128(1): 41\u201352. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Kyathanahalli S. Janardhan. The correct citation is: Binder AK, Kosak JP, Janardhan KS, Moser G, Eling TE, Korach KS (2016) Expression of Human NSAID Activated Gene 1 in Mice Leads to Altered Mammary Gland Differentiation and Impaired Lactation. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0146518. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Grazyna E. Sroga. The correct citation is: Rubin MR, Paschalis EP, Poundarik A, Sroga GE, McMahon DJ, Gamsjaeger S, et al. (2016) Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Bone Material Properties in Type 1 Diabetic Mice. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0154700. doi:"}
{"text": "AbstractDayus Gerken, 2001 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Cumacea), preoccupied by Dayus Mahmood, 1967 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). The following changes are proposed: Jennidayusnew replacement name = Dayus Gerken, 2001 (nec Mahmood 1967); Jennidayus pharocheradus , comb. n. = Dayus pharocheradus Gerken, 2001; Jennidayus acanthus , comb. n. = Dayus acanthus Gerken, 2001; Jennidayus makrokolosus , comb. n. = Dayus makrokolosus Gerken, 2001.A replacement name is proposed for genus  Dayus Gerken, 2001 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Cumacea) is preoccupied by Dayus Mahmood, 1967 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). The purpose of the present paper is to propose a replacement name.The cumacean genus name PageBreakGenusDayusCrustacea: Peracarida: Cumacea). Preoccupied by Dayus Mahmood, 1967: 39 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Gerken, 2001: 9  as the type species (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). According to Article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , Jennidayus acanthus  and Jennidayus makrokolosus .The cumacean genus nclature , we propCumacea; gender masculine.The genus name was meant to honor Jennifer Day of South Africa, for her work on South African Australia.Jennidayusnew replacement name = Dayus Gerken, 2001 .Jennidayus pharocheradus , comb. n. = Dayus pharocheradus Gerken, 2001.Jennidayus acanthus , comb. n. = Dayus acanthus Gerken, 2001.Jennidayus makrokolosus , comb. n. = Dayus makrokolosus Gerken, 2001."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2460810.1038/srep24608; published online: 04202016; updated: 07072016In this Article, references 30 and 31 are not listed in the correct order. The correct references are listed below:et al. Lytic to temperate switching of viral communities. Nature531, 466\u2013470, doi: 10.1038/nature17193 (2016).30. Knowles, B. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol.44, 279\u2013289, doi: 10.1016/s0168-6496(03)00075-8 (2003).31. Jacquet, S. & Bratbak, G. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on marine virus-phytoplankton interactions."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Theodore M. Kamenecka. The correct citation is: Amador A, Wang Y, Banerjee S, Kamenecka TM, Solt LA, Burris TP (2016) Pharmacological and Genetic Modulation of REV-ERB Activity and Expression Affects Orexigenic Gene Expression. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0151014."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Langan LM, Dodd NJF, Owen SF, Purcell WM, Jackson SK, Jha AN (2016) Direct Measurements of Oxygen Gradients in Spheroid Culture System Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oximetry. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149492. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is Maria Pefkianaki. The correct citation is: Heng LZ, Pefkianaki M, Hykin P, Patel PJ (2015) Interobserver Agreement in Detecting Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Diabetic Macular Edema. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0126557. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Denis V. Axenov-Gribanov. The correct citation is: Axenov-Gribanov DV, Voytsekhovskaya IV, Tokovenko BT, Protasov ES, Gamaiunov SV, Rebets YV, et al. (2016) Actinobacteria Isolated from an Underground Lake and Moonmilk Speleothem from the Biggest Conglomeratic Karstic Cave in Siberia as Sources of Novel Biologically Active Compounds. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149216. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Herman Schatzl. The correct citation is: Oelschlegel AM, Geissen M, Lenk M, Riebe R, Angermann M, Schatzl H, et al. (2015) A Bovine Cell Line That Can Be Infected by Natural Sheep Scrapie Prions. PLoS ONE 10(1): e0117154. doi:"}
{"text": "The word \u201cReveals\u201d is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Physiologically Realistic and Validated Mathematical Liver Model Reveals Hepatobiliary Transfer Rates for Gd-EOB-DTPA Using Human DCE-MRI Data. The correct citation is: Forsgren MF, Leinhard OD, Dahlstr\u00f6m N, Cedersund G, Lundberg P (2014) Physiologically Realistic and Validated Mathematical Liver Model Reveals Hepatobiliary Transfer Rates for Gd-EOB-DTPA Using Human DCE-MRI Data. PLoS ONE 9(4): e95700. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095700"}
{"text": "The word \u201cObstructive\u201d is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Increased Iron Sequestration in Alveolar Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The correct citation is: Philippot Q, Desl\u00e9e G, Adair-Kirk TL, Woods JC, Byers D, et al. (2014) Increased Iron Sequestration in Alveolar Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. PLoS ONE 9(5): e96285. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096285"}
{"text": "In 2011 and 2012, the percentage of users of long-term care services with a diagnosis of depression was highest in nursing homes (49%) and home health agencies (35%), and lowest in residential care communities (25%), adult day services centers (24%), and hospices (22%). The percentage of users with a diagnosis of depression in nursing homes (49%) was approximately twice that of those in adult day services centers (24%) or residential care communities (25%) in 2012.Source: Harris-Kojetin L, Sengupta M, Park-Lee E, Valverde R. Long-term care services in the United States: 2013 overview. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2013. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nsltcp/long_term_care_services_2013.pdf.Reported by: Vincent Rome, MPH, vrome@cdc.gov, 301-458-4466; Manisha Sengupta, PhD; Lauren Harris-Kojetin, PhD; Eunice Park-Lee, PhD; Roberto Valverde, MPH."}
{"text": "Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;26(76):175\u2013179.Seyed Ali Jafari, Maryam Khalesi, Simin Partovi, MohammadAli Kiani, Hamid Ahanchian, HamidReza Kianifar. Ingested Foreign Bodies Removed by Flexible Endoscopy in Pediatric Patients: A 10-year Retrospective Study. The correct Title is provided. On page 175, title, lexible should be Flexible."}
{"text": "In Vivo Mouse Study. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0125633. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125633The sixth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Daniel H. Geschwind. The correct citation is: Gdalyahu A, Lazaro M, Penagarikano O, Golshani P, Trachtenberg JT, Geschwind DH (2015) The Autism Related Protein Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2 (CNTNAP2) Stabilizes New Spines: An"}
{"text": "There is an error in the citation within the XML version of the article. The correct citation is: Maciel BLL, Valverde JG, Rodrigues-Neto JF, Freire-Neto F, Keesen TSL, et al. (2014) Dual Immune Modulatory Effect of Vitamin A in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS ONE 9(9): e107564. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107564."}
{"text": "The fifth author\u2019s name is misspelled. The correct name is: Laila Akhmetova. The correct citation is: Gagnon JA, Valen E, Thyme SB, Huang P, Akhmetova L, et al. (2014) Efficient Mutagenesis by Cas9 Protein-Mediated Oligonucleotide Insertion and Large-Scale Assessment of Single-Guide RNAs. PLoS ONE 9(5): e98186. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098186"}
{"text": "Bordetella pertussis in a Mouse Model. PLoS ONE 9(8): e105011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105011The names of the first and second authors are incorrect in the citation. The correct citation is: de Gouw D, de Jonge MI, Hermans PWM, Wessels HJCT, Zomer A, et al. (2014) Proteomics-Identified Bvg-Activated Autotransporters Protect against"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Olga Davydenko. The correct citation is: Stein P, Rozhkov NV, Li F, C\u00e1rdenas FL, Davydenko O, et al. (2015) Essential Role for Endogenous siRNAs during Meiosis in Mouse Oocytes. PLoS Genet 11(2): e1005013. doi:"}
{"text": "Nature Communications7: Article number: 11487 10.1038/ncomms11487 (2016); Published: 05092016; Updated: 06032016The affiliation details for R. De Pol-Holz are incorrect in this Article. The correct affiliation details for this author are given below:GAIA-Antartica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 01855, Chile."}
{"text": "In Situ Measurement of Some Soil Properties in Paddy Soil Using Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. PLoS ONE 9(8): e105708. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105708The authors\u2019 names are listed incorrectly in the published article. The correct names are: Wenjun Ji, Zhou Shi, Jingyi Huang, Shuo Li. The correct citation is: Ji W, Shi Z, Huang J, Li S (2014)"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Aaron D. Tward. The correct citation is: Mroz EA, Tward AD, Hammon RJ, Ren Y, Rocco JW (2015) Intra-tumor Genetic Heterogeneity and Mortality in Head and Neck Cancer: Analysis of Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. PLoS Med 12(2): e1001786. doi:"}
{"text": "Clostridium difficile Infection in a Large Teaching Hospital in Thailand. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0127026. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127026The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Papanin Putsathit. The correct citation is: Ngamskulrungroj P, Sanmee S, Putsathit P, Piewngam P, Elliott B, Riley TV, et al. (2015) Molecular Epidemiology of"}
{"text": "The correct name is Yasuyuki Ohkawa. The correct citation is: Ohnishi YH, Ohnishi YN, Nakamura T, Ohno M, Kennedy PJ, Ohkawa Y, et al. (2015) PSMC5, a 19S Proteasomal ATPase, Regulates Cocaine Action in the Nucleus Accumbens. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0126710. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Mengmeng Cheng. The correct citation is: Hu S, Cheng M, Wang Y, Wang Z, Pei Y, Fan R, et al. (2016) mTOR Inhibition Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Suppressing T Cell Proliferation and Balancing TH1/TH17/Treg Profile. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0154564. doi:"}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Jane Sandall. The correct citation is: Agha M, Agha RA, Sandall J (2014) Interventions to Reduce and Prevent Obesity in Pre-Conceptual and Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 9(5): e95132. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095132"}
{"text": "The second author\u2019s name is incorrect. The correct name is Bas B. Oude Munnink. The correct citation is: Cotten M, Oude Munnink BB, Canuti M, Deijs M, Watson SJ, et al. (2014) Full Genome Virus Detection in Fecal Samples Using Sensitive Nucleic Acid Preparation, Deep Sequencing, and a Novel Iterative Sequence Classification Algorithm. PLoS ONE 9(4): e93269. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093269"}
{"text": "The author should be cited as Lin AYM. The full citation should be: Lin AYM, Huynh A, Lanckriet G, Barrington L (2014) Crowdsourcing the Unknown: The Satellite Search for Genghis Khan. PLoS ONE 9(12): e114046. doi:"}
{"text": "Pharmaceuticals Best Paper Award for 2015.1st PrizeIvana Cacciatore, Erika Fornasari, Leonardo Baldassarre, Catia Cornacchia, Stefania Fulle, Ester Sara Di Filippo, Tiziana Pietrangelo and Francesco PinnenA Potent (R)-alpha-bis-lipoyl Derivative Containing 8-Hydroxyquinoline Scaffold: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Its Neuroprotective Capabilities in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma CellsPharmaceuticals2013, 6(1), 54-69; doi:10.3390/ph6010054http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/6/1/54Available online: 2nd PrizeAlbert J. Chang, Ravindra DeSilva, Sandeep Jain, Kimberley Lears, Buck Rogers and Suzanne Lapi89Zr-Radiolabeled Trastuzumab Imaging in Orthotopic and Metastatic Breast TumorsPharmaceuticals2012, 5(1), 79-93; doi:10.3390/ph5010079http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/5/1/79Available online: 3rd PrizeLuiza I. Hernandez, Katie S. Flenker, Frank J. Hernandez, Aloysius J. Klingelhutz, James O. McNamara and Paloma H. GiangrandeMethods for Evaluating Cell-Specific, Cell-Internalizing RNA AptamersPharmaceuticals2013, 6(3), 295-319; doi:10.3390/ph6030295http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/6/3/295Available online: It is always a difficult task for a jury to classify articles from a selection of outstanding manuscripts. This was the case again this year when we had to award a prize to three contributions only, whereas we read so many interesting and exciting results published in 2012 and 2013. Anyway, the members of the jury did their job and have the pleasure to announce that the three following publications won the The Prize Awarding Committee describes the article \u201cA Potent (R)-alpha-bis-lipoyl Derivative Containing 8-Hydroxyquinoline Scaffold: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Its Neuroprotective Capabilities in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells\u201d as \u201cAn interesting preclinical approach, newly combining antioxidant/metal-chealting (in neuroprotective) molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD or AD\u201d.Pharmaceuticals and the scientific literature. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of Pharmaceuticals, we warmly congratulate these three groups. In recognition of their accomplishment, Dr. Ivana Cacciatore, Dr. Suzanne Lapi, and Dr. Paloma H. Giangrande will have the opportunity of publishing an additional Open Access format review or research paper, free of charge, in our Journal, Pharmaceuticals.We believe these three papers represent valuable contributions to Prize Awarding CommitteeEditor-in-ChiefDr. Jean Jacques Vanden EyndeLaboratory of Organic Chemistry (FS), University of Mons-UMONS, Place du parc, 23, 7000 Mons, Belgiumjean-jacques.vandeneynde@ex.umons.ac.beE-Mail: Associate EditorDr. Annie MayenceFormerly Professor at the Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut-Condorcet, 7330 Saint-Ghislain, Belgiumannie.mayence@condorcet.beE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberProf. Dr. Klaus Kopka Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Program Imaging and Radiooncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germanyk.kopka@dkfz-heidelberg.deE-Mail: Editorial Board MemberProf. Dr. Thomas Rades Reseach Chair in Pharmaceutical Design and Drug Delivery Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 K\u00f8benhavn \u00d8, Denmarkthomas.rades@sund.ku.dkE-Mail:"}
{"text": "Grimberg. The correct citation is: Gould MP, Bosworth CM, McMahon S, Grandhi S, Grimberg BT, LaFramboise T (2015) PCR-Free Enrichment of Mitochondrial DNA from Human Blood and Cell Lines for High Quality Next-Generation DNA Sequencing. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0139253. doi:"}
{"text": "The third author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Hua-Feng Ma. The correct citation is: Tang J-Z, Wang X-Q, Ma H-F, Wang B, Wang P-F, et al. (2014) Association between Polymorphisms in Lysyl Oxidase-Like 1 and Susceptibility to Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. PLoS ONE 9(3): e90331. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090331."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Dogan Doruk Demircioglu. The correct citation is: Nguyen MT, Kraft B, Yu W, Demircioglu DD, Hertlein T, Burian M, et al. (2015) The \u03bdSa\u03b1 Specific Lipoprotein Like Cluster (lpl) of S. aureus USA300 Contributes to Immune Stimulation and Invasion in Human Cells. PLoS Pathog 11(6): e1004984. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Kristian C. Henrickson. The correct citation is: Wang Y, Ma X, Liu Y, Gong K, Henrickson KC, Xu M, et al. (2016) A Two-Stage Algorithm for Origin-Destination Matrices Estimation Considering Dynamic Dispersion Parameter for Route Choice. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0146850. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Almeida SAd, Claudio ERG, Mengal V, Oliveira SGd, Merlo E, Podratz P, et al. (2014) Exercise Training Reduces Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling in Ovariectomized Rats Submitted to Myocardial Infarction. PLoS ONE 9(12): e115970. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name should be: Giovanni Montesano. The correct citation should be: Rossetti L, Digiuni M, Montesano G, Centofanti M, Fea AM, Iester M, et al. (2015) Blindness and Glaucoma: A Multicenter Data Review from 7 Academic Eye Clinics. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0136632. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is Choi YP. The correct citation is: Moore RA, Head MW, Ironside JW, Ritchie DL, Zanusso G, Choi YP, et al. (2016) The Distribution of Prion Protein Allotypes Differs Between Sporadic and Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Patients. PLoS Pathog 12(2): e1005416. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Zauresh Murzakhmetova. The correct citation is: van Kampen SC, Tursynbayeva A, Koptleuova A, Murzakhmetova Z, Bigalieva L, Aubakirova M, et al. (2015) Effect of Introducing Xpert MTB/RIF to Test and Treat Individuals at Risk of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kazakhstan: A Prospective Cohort Study. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0132514. doi:"}
{"text": "The sixth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: C\u00e9sar Rivera. The correct citation is: Kawahara R, Granato DC, Carnielli CM, Cervigne NK, Oliveria CE, Rivera C, et al. (2014) Agrin and Perlecan Mediate Tumorigenic Processes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS ONE 9(12): e115004. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115004"}
{"text": "The fifth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Nobuyoshi Kitaichi.10.1371/journal.pone.0115593.The correct citation is: Nagata Y, Yoshihisa Y, Matsunaga K, Rehman MU, Kitaichi N, Shimizu T. (2015) Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Pollen-Induced Allergic Conjunctivitis and Pollen Dermatitis in Mice. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0115593. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Andrew J. Cole. The correct citation is: Douw L, Leveroni CL, Tanaka N, Emerton BC, Cole AJ, Reinsberger C, et al. (2015) Loss of Resting-State Posterior Cingulate Flexibility Is Associated with Memory Disturbance in Left Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0131209. doi:"}
{"text": "Sensors papers that are related to sensing technologies and applications and meet the aims, scope and high standards of this journal [Sensors from among all the papers published in 2011 to track citations. Reviews and full research articles were considered separately. We gladly announce that the following eight papers were awarded the Sensors Best Paper Award in 2015.Since 2011, an annual award system was instituted to recognize outstanding  journal . This yeArticle Award:st Prize1Ellen L. Holthoff, Dimitra N. Stratis-Cullum and Mikella E. HankusA Nanosensor for TNT Detection Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Surface Enhanced Raman ScatteringSensors2011, 11(3), 2700-2714; doi:10.3390/s110302700http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/3/2700Available online: nd Prize2Ye Tian, Wenhui Wang, Nan Wu, Xiaotian Zou and Xingwei WangTapered Optical Fiber Sensor for Label-Free Detection of BiomoleculesSensors2011, 11(4), 3780-3790; doi:10.3390/s110403780http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/4/3780Available online: rd Prize3Michele D. Kattke *, Elizabeth J. Gao, Kim E. Sapsford, Larry D. Stephenson and Ashok KumarAspergillus amstelodamiFRET-Based Quantum Dot Immunoassay for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Sensors2011, 11(6), 6396-6410; doi:10.3390/s110606396http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/6/6396Available online: th Prize4Jordi Llorens, Emilio Gil, Jordi Llop and Alexandre Escol\u00e0Ultrasonic and LIDAR Sensors for Electronic Canopy Characterization in Vineyards: Advances to Improve Pesticide Application MethodsSensors2011, 11(2), 2177-2194; doi:10.3390/s110202177http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/2/2177Available online: th Prize5Constantin Apetrei, Irina Mirela Apetrei, Jose Antonio De Saja and Maria Luz Rodriguez-MendezCarbon Paste Electrodes Made from Different Carbonaceous Materials: Application in the Study of AntioxidantsSensors2011, 11(2), 1328-1344; doi:10.3390/s110201328http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/2/1328Available online: Review Award:st Prize1Sookyoung Roh, Taerin Chung and Byoungho LeeOverview of the Characteristics of Micro- and Nano-Structured Surface Plasmon Resonance SensorsSensors2011, 11(2), 1565-1588; doi:10.3390/s110201565http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/2/1565Available online: nd Prize2Alphus D. Wilson and Manuela BaiettoAdvances in Electronic-Nose Technologies Developed for Biomedical ApplicationsSensors2011, 11(1), 1105-1176; doi:10.3390/s110101105http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/1/1105Available online: rd Prize3Elizabeth A. Baldwin, Jinhe Bai, Anne Plotto and Sharon DeaElectronic Noses and Tongues: Applications for the Food and Pharmaceutical IndustriesSensors2011, 11(5), 4744-4766; doi:10.3390/s110504744http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/11/5/4744Available online: Sensors and the sensing field. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of Sensors, we would like to congratulate these eight teams for their excellent work. In recognition of their accomplishment, Drs. Ellen L. Holthoff, Xingwei Wang, Michele D. Kattke, Emilio Gil and Maria Luz Rodriguez-Mendez will receive 1,000 CHF, 800 CHF, 600 CHF, 400 CHF and 200 CHF, respectively, and the privilege of publishing an additional open access format paper of their choice, free of charge, in Sensors in 2015. Drs. Byoungho Lee, Alphus D. Wilson and Elizabeth A. Baldwin will be awarded the privilege of publishing an additional research paper free of charge in open access format in Sensors.These eight exceptional papers are valuable contributions to Prize Awarding CommitteeEditor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Physical Sensors\u2019Dr. Vittorio M.N. PassaroDepartment of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona n. 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyTel.: +39-080-5963-850; Fax: +39-080-5963-410http://dee.poliba.it/photonicsgroupWebsite: vittorio.passaro@poliba.itE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Chemical Sensors\u2019Prof. Dr. W. Rudolf SeitzAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-3598, USATel.: +1-603-862-2408; Fax: +1-603-862-4278http://www.unh.edu/chemistry/faculty/seitz_w.htmlWebsite: wrs@cisunix.unh.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Remote Sensors\u2019Dr. Assefa M. MelesseDepartment of Earth and Environment, AHC-5-390, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USATel.: +1-305-348-6518; Fax: +1-305-348-3877http://faculty.fiu.edu/\u223cmelessea/Website: melessea@fiu.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Biosensors\u2019Dr. Alexander StarDepartment of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USATel.: +1-412-624-6493; Fax: +1-412-624-4027http://www.pitt.edu/~astar/Website: astar@pitt.eduE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Sensor Networks\u2019Prof. Dr. Leonhard M. ReindlAlbert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation, Georges-Koehler-Allee 106, Room 04-014, D-79110 Freiburg, GermanyTel.: +49-761-203-7220; Fax: +49-761-203-7222http://www.imtek.de/professuren/emp/mitarbeiter/reindl/vitaWebsite: reindl@imtek.deE-Mail:"}
{"text": "The correct title is: The Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region and trnH-psbA Are Suitable Candidate Loci for DNA Barcoding of Tropical Tree Species of India. The correct citation is: Tripathi AM, Tyagi A, Kumar A, Singh A, Singh S, et al. (2013) The Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region and trnH-psbA Are Suitable Candidate Loci for DNA Barcoding of Tropical Tree Species of India. PLoS ONE 8(2): e57934. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057934.\u201c"}
{"text": "Lepidium sisymbrioides, a polyploid New Zealand endemic, is the sole dioecious species in Brassicaceae and therefore the closest dioecious relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The attractiveness of developing this system for future studies on the genetics of sex determination prompted us to investigate historical and developmental factors surrounding the evolution of its unisexual flowers. Our goal was to determine the evolutionary pattern of polyploidization of L. sisymbrioides and the timing and process of flower reproductive organ abortion. To that end, we used a combination of phylogenetics to place this species within the complex history of polyploidization events in Lepidium and histology to compare its floral ontogeny to that of its closest hermaphroditic relatives and to A. thaliana.PISTILLATA), we reconstructed the gene tree among Lepidium taxa and applied a phylogenetic network analysis to identify ancestral genomes that contributed to the evolution of L. sisymbrioides. Combining this phylogenetic framework with cytological and genome size data, we estimated L. sisymbrioides as an allo-octoploid resulting from three hybridization events. Our investigations of flower development showed that unisexual flowers appear to abort reproductive organs by programmed cell death in female flowers and by developmental arrest in male flowers. This selective abortion occurs at the same floral developmental stage in both males and females, corresponding to Arabidopsis stage nine.Using a nuclear locus  contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Arabidopsis thaliana, which has a floral morphology representative of the vast majority of the family. Only 5% of genera within Brassicaceae show deviations from the basic floral plan of four sepals, four petals, six stamens , and two fused carpels , L. naufragorum [GenBank: JN119859-JN119860/JN119862/KJ648160-KJ648165], L. sisymbrioides [GenBank: KJ648166-KJ648169], and L. tenuicaule [GenBank:KJ648170-KJ648174], representing clades A1, A2, C, and D , originating from at least four divergent genomes .In order to identify hybridization events leading to the evolution of the dioecious species dization . Clades dization . In our PI data set . The remaining 31 taxa in our analyses do not show evidence of reticulation, and this may be due to diploidy, autopolyploidy, or gene loss.We further used the Bayesian majority rule consensus tree from the t Figure\u00a0 to estimt Figure\u00a0. AccordiLepidium sisymbrioides is derived from four distinct ancestral genomes  the common ancestor of the group that includes L. pseudotasmanicum and L. hyssopifolium (strong support), (2) a descendant from the common ancestor of the L. vesicarium group (low support), and (3) a descendant from the common ancestor of the L. dictyotum and L. quitense group (strong support). Biogeographically, the contribution of these genomes to L. sisymbrioides implies hybridization among Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) taxa , followed by hybridization with American (3) and potentially (with low support) Asian (2) species. The other three New Zealand study species, L. kirkii, L. naufragorum, and L. tenuicaule, show contributions from four, five, and four distinct ancestral genomes, respectively ,  a descenupport),  a descenPI data set, we conducted chromosome counts in PMCs. Seed of L. kirkii was not available, so its chromosome number remains unknown.In order to confirm our results from the L. sisymbrioides and L. tenuicaule had 2n = 64 chromosomes . As expected, sepal primordia developed first .In staminate flowers of m Figure\u00a0B, sporogm Figure\u00a0F, L and m Figure\u00a0 Z2, the L. sisymbrioides  in stamen locules differentiates ; only one copy (clade C) was strongly supported [PI phylogeny recovered at least four divergent copies of the first intron in L. sisymbrioides and its close relatives  between an Australian and Australian or New Zealand species, (2) with an Asian species, and (3) with an American species  is almost fourfold that of Arabidopsis thaliana . Lepoid (18x ). Even t(0.16\u00a0pg ), it is (0.16\u00a0pg ), making sampled in this study. Voucher information provided only for taxa with sequences not downloaded from GenBank. Taxon, collector and collection number, origin, herbarium, PISTILLATA intron.Voucher information and GenBank accessions for Lepidium africanum (Burm.f.) DC., AY114216; Lepidium alluaudii Maire, AY114221; Lepidium apetalum Willd., AY114217; Lepidium armoracia Fisch. & C.A. Mey., AY114218-AY114220; Lepidium aschersonii Thell., AY114222; Lepidium bipinnatifidum Desv., AY114223-AY114224; Lepidium bonariense L., AY114225-AY114227; Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br., AY114228; Lepidium chichicara Desv., AY114229-AY114231; Lepidium cordatum Willd. ex Steven, AY114232-AY114233; Lepidium coronopus (L.) Al-Shehbaz, unvouchered, cultivated from wild-collected seed from Madrid, Spain (INIA seed accession 205-0261-68), JN119857; Lepidium davisii Rollins, FJ541471/FJ541473; Lepidium densiflorum Schrad., AY114235-AY114236; Lepidium desvauxii Thell., AY114237; Lepidium dictyotum A. Gray, AY114238; Lepidium flavum Torr., AY114239; Lepidium flexicaule Kirk, AY114240-AY114241; Lepidium fremontii S. Watson, AY114243-AY114244; Lepidium graminifolium L., AY114246; Lepidium heterophyllum Benth., AY114247; Lepidium hirtum (L.) Sm. ssp. calycotrichum (Kunze) Thell., AY114248; Lepidium hyssopifolium Desv., AY114249; Lepidium kirkii Petrie, P. Heenan s.n., cultivated from wild-collected seed from Galloway, New Zealand, CHR, KJ648155-KJ648159; Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt., AY114250-AY114251; Lepidium latifolium L., AY114252; Lepidium leptopetalum F. Muell., AY114215; Lepidium meyenii Walp., AY114254-AY114255; Lepidium meyeri Claus ssp. meyeri, AY114269; Lepidium monoplocoides F. Muell., AY114256; Lepidium montanum Nutt., AY114257/AY114259; Lepidium myriocarpum Sond., AY114260; Lepidium naufragorum Garn.-Jones & D.A.Norton, V. Di Stilio 117, cultivated from wild-collected seed from Open Bay Islands, New Zealand, WTU, JN119859-JN119860/JN119862/KJ648160-KJ648165; Lepidium navasii (Pau) Al-Shehbaz, unvouchered, cultivated from wild-collected seed from G\u00e1dor, Spain (INIA seed accession 204-4472-76), JN119856; Lepidium nitidum Nutt., AY114261-AY114262; Lepidium oblongum Small, AY114263-AY114264; Lepidium oleraceum Sparrm., AY114265; Lepidium oxytrichum Sprague, AY114266-AY114267; Lepidium papilliferum (L.F. Hend.) A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr., FJ541451/FJ541488; Lepidium perfoliatum L., AY114268; Lepidium phlebopetalum (F. Mull.) F. Mull., AY114214; Lepidium pinnatifidum Ledeb., AY114270; Lepidium pseudohyssopifolium Hewson, AY114271-AY114274; Lepidium pseudotasmanicum Thell., AY114275; Lepidium quitense Turcz., AY114276; Lepidium ruderale L., AY114278; Lepidium sativum L., AY114279; Lepidium sisymbrioides Hook. f., V. Soza 1924, cultivated from wild-collected seed from Twizel, South Canterbury, New Zealand, WTU, KJ648166- KJ648169; Lepidium spinosum Ard., AY114280; Lepidium tenuicaule Kirk, V. Di Stilio 116, cultivated from wild-collected seed from Shag Point, New Zealand, WTU, KJ648170- KJ648174; Lepidium vesicarium L., AY114281; Lepidium violaceum (Munby) Al-Shehbaz, unvouchered, cultivated from wild-collected seed from N. Azrou, Morocco (INIA seed accession 206-4096-84), JN119858; Lepidium virginicum L., AY114285.Notes: INIA\u2009=\u2009Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, Madrid, Spain.Staminate flowers ofLepidium sisymbrioides. A) Young staminate flower of L. sisymbrioides, showing sepals (Se), five stamens (St), and aborted gynoecium (G). (B) Staminate flower of L. sisymbrioides, showing sepals (Se), six nectaries (N) among stamen (St) filaments, and aborted gynoecium (G). Scale bar = 0.25\u00a0mm. (ZIP 3 MB)Additional file 1: Histological sections of hermaphroditic and dioeciousLepidiumspecies stained with Toluidine Blue O. (A-C) Flower at the pre-meiotic stage of microsporogenesis, stage 9; from left to right, (A) hermaphroditic L. naufragorum, (B) staminate L. sisymbrioides, and (C) carpellate L. sisymbrioides.  Anther locule from respective flower above.  Ovule from respective flower above. (J-L) Flowers later on in development, at the microgametogenesis stage, stages 11\u201312; from left to right, (J) hermaphroditic L. naufragorum, (K) staminate L. sisymbrioides, and (L) carpellate L. sisymbrioides.  Anther locule from respective flower above.  Ovule from respective flower above. (S-U) Mature flowers, stage 13; from left to right, (S) hermaphroditic L. naufragorum, (T) staminate L. sisymbrioides, and (U) carpellate L. sisymbrioides.  Anther locule from respective flower above.  Ovule from respective flower above. Scale bar = 50\u00a0\u03bcm in A-C; 100\u00a0\u03bcm in J-U. E, endothecium; ES, embryo sac; G, gynoecium; I, integuments; M, microspores; N, nucleus; O, ovule; P, pollen; PMC, pollen mother cells; Se, sepals; Sg, stigmatic papillae; St, stamen; Sy\u2009=\u2009style; T, tapetum; V\u2009=\u2009vacuolated cell. (PDF 10 MB)Additional file 2:"}
{"text": "Vilella, Matthieu Muffato, Leo Gordon, Simon White, Paul Flicek and Javier Herrero10.1093/database/bav127doi:These interconnected articles were originally published with incorrect references 45 and 44, respectively. In the manuscript \u2018Ensembl comparative genomics resources\u2019, reference 45 to the authors\u2019 related paper should have read as follows:et al. (2016) ncRNA orthologies in the vertebrate lineage. Database (Oxford), 2016, bav127.45. Pignatelli,M., Vilella,A.J., Muffato,M. In the manuscript \u2018ncRNA orthologies in the vertebrate lineage\u2019, reference 44 to the authors\u2019 related paper should have read as follows:et al. (2016) Ensembl comparative genomics resources. Database (Oxford), 2016, bav096.44. Herrero,J., Muffato,M., Beal,K. The publisher apologizes for this error."}
{"text": "The complete, correct name is: David A Sinclair. The correct citation is: Riepsamen A, Wu L, Lau L, Listijono D, Ledger W, Sinclair DA, et al. (2015) Nicotinamide Impairs Entry into and Exit from Meiosis I in Mouse Oocytes. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0126194. doi:"}
{"text": "July correction PLoS Biology, volume 2, issue 8In Nicotine's Defensive Function in NatureAnke Steppuhn, Klaus Gase, Bernd Krock, Rayko Halitschke, Ian T. Baldwin10.1371/journal.pbio.0020217DOI: The Academic Editor was erroneously listed as Michael Levine. The Academic Editor for this paper is Joy Bergelson, Chicago University.This correction note may be found online at DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020382."}
{"text": "Tabanus Linnaeus has a worldwide distribution and is the richest in species; however, it is probably not monophyletic. In the Neotropical Region, its richness is certainly underestimated, mainly due to the large number of species and the absence of recent taxonomic revisions.The genus Tabanusrondoniensis sp. n. from the State of Rond\u00f4nia, Brazil, based on a conspicuous tabanid species possibly related to the T.nebulosus species group. Diagnosis, discussion and illustrations are also provided.We describe  Tabanus is the richest group of species, with about 1,350 described species . All specimens  were firstly preserved in alcohol 100% , the thorax and abdomen are somewhat crumpled and the pilosity is partly missing. Traditionally, external characters are sufficient to determine species in Tabanus  and the abanidae . For theSpecimens were examined and digitally photographed through a stereomicroscope LEICA M205C coupled with a LEICA DFC 295 camera and the images were processed using the software Leica Application Suite LAS V3.6. Frons indices: Frontal index = frons height/ frons width at base; Divergence index = frons width at vertex/ frons width at base.Henriques, Krolow, Zamarchi & Camargosp. n.66894B91-994C-5945-B5B2-1ADE54A64588B66F9CEA-F03D-45CB-80FF-67E66D55A9EFType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: T. Zamarchi; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B66F9CEA-F03D-45CB-80FF-67E66D55A9EF; order: Diptera; family: Tabanidae; genus: Tabanus; specificEpithet: rondoniensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Henriques, Krolow, Zamarchi and Camargo; Location: country: Brazil; stateProvince: Rond\u00f4nia; municipality: Monte Negro; locality: LHC35-Sebasti\u00e3o; locationRemarks: Rond\u00f4nia, Monte Negro, LHC35-Sebasti\u00e3o, 10\u00b009'47\"S, 63\u00b019'27\"W, vii.2018, NZI trap, T. Zamarchi leg.\"transliteration: \"BRAZIL, ; verbatimCoordinates: 10\u00b009'47\"S, 63\u00b019'27\"W; decimalLatitude: -10.163055555556; decimalLongitude: -63.324166666667; georeferenceProtocol: Google Earth; Identification: identifiedBy: AL Henriques, TK Krolow, TBO Zamarchi and LMA Camargo; Event: samplingProtocol: NZI trap; eventDate: 2018-07; Record Level: type: Holotype; institutionCode: INPAType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: T. Zamarchi; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B66F9CEA-F03D-45CB-80FF-67E66D55A9EF; order: Diptera; family: Tabanidae; genus: Tabanus; specificEpithet: rondoniensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Henriques, Krolow, Zamarchi and Camargo; Location: country: Brazil; stateProvince: Rond\u00f4nia; municipality: Monte Negro; locality: P1-Argeu; locationRemarks: Rond\u00f4nia, Monte Negro, P1-Argeu, 10\u00b028'27\"S, 63\u00b015'18\"W, viii.2019, biting horse \u201dtransliteration: \u201cBRAZIL, ; verbatimCoordinates: 10\u00b028'27\"S, 63\u00b015'18\"W; decimalLatitude: -10.474167; decimalLongitude: -63.255; georeferenceProtocol: Google Earth; Identification: identifiedBy: AL Henriques, TK Krolow, TBO Zamarchi and LMA Camargo; Event: samplingProtocol: biting horse; eventDate: 2019-08; Record Level: type: Paratype; institutionCode: INPAType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: T. Zamarchi; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B66F9CEA-F03D-45CB-80FF-67E66D55A9EF; order: Diptera; family: Tabanidae; genus: Tabanus; specificEpithet: rondoniensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Henriques, Krolow, Zamarchi and Camargo; Location: country: Brazil; stateProvince: Rond\u00f4nia; municipality: Monte Negro; locality: P5-Necivaldo; locationRemarks: Rond\u00f4nia, Monte Negro, P5-Necivaldo, 10\u00b006'1\"S, 63\u00b016'56\"W, 2019-07, malaise in the forest \u201dtransliteration: \u201cBRAZIL, ; verbatimCoordinates: 10\u00b006'21\"S, 63\u00b016'56\"W; decimalLatitude: -10.105833333333; decimalLongitude: -63.282222222222; georeferenceProtocol: Google Earth; Identification: identifiedBy: AL Henriques, TK Krolow, TBO Zamarchi and LMA Camargo; Event: samplingProtocol: malaise in the forest; eventDate: viii.2019; Record Level: type: Paratype; institutionCode: INPAType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: D. Mendes, F.F. Xavier, A. Agudelo, J.A. Rafael; individualCount: 2; sex: female; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B66F9CEA-F03D-45CB-80FF-67E66D55A9EF; order: Diptera; family: Tabanidae; genus: Tabanus; specificEpithet: rondoniensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Henriques, Krolow, Zamarchi and Camargo; Location: country: Brazil; stateProvince: Rond\u00f4nia; municipality: Porto Velho; locality: ESEC Tr\u00eas Irm\u00e3os; locationRemarks: Rond\u00f4nia, Porto Velho, ESEC Tr\u00eas Irm\u00e3os, 09\u00b000'09\"S, 64\u00b032'40\"W, 2017-08, malaise trap, D. Mendes, F.F. Xavier, A. Agudelo, J.A. Rafael leg. \u201dtransliteration: \u201cBRAZIL, ; verbatimCoordinates: 09\u00b000\u203209\u2033S; 64\u00b032\u203240\u2033W; decimalLatitude: -09.0025; decimalLongitude: -64.544444444444; georeferenceProtocol: Google Earth; Identification: identifiedBy: AL Henriques, TK Krolow, TBO Zamarchi and LMA Camargo; Event: samplingProtocol: malaise trap; eventDate: viii.2017; Record Level: type: Paratypes; institutionCode: INPAHolotype female. Length: 15.2 mm. Wing: 13 mm.Head. Eyes unicolorous, brown in life, glabrous. Frons moderately narrow , somewhat divergent above (divergence index 1.5) .Length 15 \u2013 17 mm. Frontal index 5.5 \u2013 6. Divergence index 1.5 \u2013 1.8. Although many hairs are absent, variations in the colour pattern were not diagnosed.A brownish medium-sized species with unpatterned eyes, a well marked black pilose prescutellar spot framed and margined with white hairs Fig. A-B. AnteThe specific name refers to the State of Brazil where the specimens was recorded, Rond\u00f4nia.Brazil: Rond\u00f4nia.Haematophagy was confirmed through the capture of a female performing a blood meal in the horse.T.nebulosus species-group, which has nine species and one subspecies, all Neotropical with occurrence records for Brazil or neighbouring countries, with the exception of T.punctipleura Hine, 1920, restricted to Costa Rica and Panama. According to T.nebulosus species-group \u201chas species with a moderately narrow and generally nearly parallel sided frons with slender clavate or ridge-like callus and fairly prominent black pilose prescutellar spot\u201d. T.rondoniensis sp. n. can be distinguished from the other species of the T.nebulosus group by the diagnostic characters  and, additionally, by the wing without contrast marks; abdomen without dorso-lateral pale patches or dark median integumentary markings; palpus not reduced; unpainted costal cell and brown legs. Tabanuscomosus Stone, 1944, which has an enlarged scape and divergent frons above, can be distinguished by the presence of dorsolateral pale patches on the tergites, absent in T.rondoniensis. T.rondoniensis can be confused with T.rubripes Macquart, 1838, which also has a black prescutellum and light median triangles on the abdomen, but it has two-banded eyes, frons narrower , a long appendix on the fork of vein R4+5, cell r5 narrowed at apex or closed and the median pale triangles in the abdomen are not connected. Currently, 26 species of Tabanus have been registered for the State of Rond\u00f4nia, of which three belong to the T.nebulosus species-group (T.rondoniensis is the 27th species of Tabanus and the fourth of the T.nebulosus species-group for the State of Rond\u00f4nia.The new species described here possibly is related to es-group . T.rondo"}
{"text": "Caenorhabditis elegans epicuticle using atomic force microscopy. Nanomedicine: Biology, Medicine and Nanotechnology. 2017;13(2):483\u2013491. pmid: 27771431Reference 42 is cited incorrectly. The correct citation is: Fakhrullina G, Akhatova F, Kibardina M, Fokin D, Fakhrullin R. Nanoscale imaging and characterisation of"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. New BL/BLIs, such as ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T), and imipenem-relebactam (IMI-REL), are active against most P. aeruginosa isolates from US hospitals, but the ability of these agents to induce resistance have not been explored. We subjected 8 P. aeruginosa isolates, including ATCC 27853 and 7 clinical isolates, to a 10-day serial passage with 6 antipseudomonal agents to evaluate resistance levels and mechanisms in terminal mutant strains.The acquisition of mutations is the main driver of \u03b2-lactam resistance in Fold change in MIC results from parent isolate to terminal mutantSerial passaging was performed in broth microdilution (BMD) for CAZ-AVI, IMI-REL, C/T, meropenem (MEM), cefepime (FEP), and piperacillin-tazobactam (P/T). The MIC of the terminal mutants was determined after 2X passaging on drug-free agar. Parent strains and terminal mutants were subjected to short-read whole genome sequencing (WGS) at 100X coverage. Parent isolates were sequenced using long-read WGS and the data was combined with short-reading sequencing for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis.nalD regulator alteration, and 1 of these had a clpA chaperone missense substitution. FEP terminal mutants exhibited alterations in ampD, mexB, and the TetR family transcriptional regulator AmrR. C/T mutants had ampG and ftsI missense alterations. MEM mutants had nalC, ftsI, and phoP missense alterations. Mutations in merR, nalC, and ampD were observed in the P/T terminal mutants. Among 2 IMI-REL terminal mutants displaying a SNP alteration, 1 displayed a nonsense mutation in pilF, a pilus forming protein. Many terminal mutants displayed alterations in genes not commonly associated to \u03b2-lactam resistance.Overall, IMI-REL (1- to 4-fold) and CAZ-AVI (2- to 8-fold) displayed lower fold increases in MIC values when compared to other agents tested . Of the CAZ-AVI terminal mutants, 3 displayed a MEM, FEP, and P/T terminal mutants displayed high MIC values compared to those obtained after exposure to C/T, CAZ-AVI, and IMI-REL. This data might indicate a benefit of using these newer agents to prevent the emergence of high-level resistance.Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Jill Lindley, BS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Timothy Doyle, MS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support John H. Kimbrough, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support Jessica Ewald, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Article title: Wasp venom from Vespa magnifica acts as a neuroprotective agent to alleviate neuronal damage after stroke in ratsAuthors: Hairong Zhao, Mei Wang, Xi Huang, Xiumei Wu, Huai Xiao, Fanmao Jin, Jiaming Lv, Jidong Cheng, Yu Zhao and Chenggui ZhangJournal:Pharmaceutical BiologyBibliometrics: Volume 60, Number 01, pages 334\u2013346DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2022.2032207When originally published, this paper contained an incorrect figure. Figure 2 has now been updated with the correct figure."}
{"text": "High-dose influenza vaccine (HD-IIV) has been used extensively in older adults since its approval in 2009. Studies comparing HD-IIV to standard-dose influenza vaccines (SD-IIV) have demonstrated protection beyond influenza, including reduction of outcomes like cardiorespiratory and all-cause hospitalizations. This study is an update of previously-conducted reviews of the relative vaccine efficacy/effectiveness (rVE) of HD-IIV vs. SD-IIV in adults \u226565 years against influenza-associated outcomes from 2009-2020, with sub-analyses by seasonal and recipient characteristics.An updated systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for studies assessing the rVE of HD-IIV against probable/laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness (ILI), emergency department (ED) and/or hospital admissions in adults \u226565 years. Results from individual seasons \u2013 stratified by outcome, subject characteristics, and influenza season, were meta-analyzed to estimate pooled rVEs of HD-IIV.19 studies from 11 consecutive seasons with over 45 million HD-IIV or SD-IIV recipients were meta-analyzed. Overall, HD-IIV demonstrated improved protection vs. SD-IIV against ILI , HD-IIV was more effective at preventing hospital/ED visits due to influenza , and hospitalizations due to influenza , pneumonia ; pneumonia and influenza ; respiratory , cardiovascular , and cardiorespiratory events ; and all-causes . Pooled rVEs were similar in sub-analyses by dominant strain, antigenic match, and study type/setting. While all adults 65+ benefited from the use of HD-IIV, age-stratified analyses of the rVE of HD-IIV suggested additional relative benefit with increasing age.Evidence over 11 consecutive influenza seasons from both randomized and observational studies suggests HD-IIV was consistently more effective than SD-IIV at reducing influenza and associated serious outcomes irrespective of recipient age and characteristics of the influenza season.Jason K. Lee, MS, MBiotech, Sanofi: Employee|Sanofi: Stocks/Bonds Gary K. Lam, PharmD, RPh, Sanofi: Employee Rolan Vaisman, PharmD, RPh, Sanofi: Employee Kevin J. Yin, MD, MPH, PhD, Sanofi: Employee|Sanofi: Stocks/Bonds Bruce T. Seet, PhD, MBA, Sanofi: Employee|Sanofi: Stocks/Bonds Matthew M. Loiacono, PhD, MSc, Sanofi: Employee|Sanofi: Stocks/Bonds Sandrine I. Samson, PhD, Sanofi: Employee|Sanofi: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "British Journal of Nutrition, Volume 127, Issue 5, 14 March 2022, pp. 752 \u2013 762Details of correction: Amend author name detailExisting text:Julie LovegroveCorrected text should read:Julie A. Lovegrove"}
{"text": "Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) are relatively well studied, with 164 known species from 77 genera and 11 families. Data for some species from previous studies were reported without any localities or were incomplete and need to be updated.Bulgarian planthopper fauna , Delphaxarmeniacus Anufriev, 1970, Euidesspeciosa , Eurysulalurida , Florodelphaxparyphasma , Jassidaeuslugubris , Metropisaris Asche, Drosopoulos & Hoch, 1983, Oncodelphaxpullula , Ribautodelphaximitans , R.pungens , Stenocranusmajor  (Delphacidae), Latilicamaculipes  and Tshurtshurnellaextrema Dlabola, 1980 (Issidae). Species from the following five genera are recorded in Bulgaria for the first time: Euides Fieber, 1866, Eurysula Vilbaste, 1968, Jassidaeus Fieber, 1866, Oncodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Delphacidae) and Latilica Emeljanov, 1971 (Issidae). As a result, the total numbers of known planthopper species and genera in Bulgaria become 177 species and 82 genera. The dataset of all collected specimens presented in this work was provided separately through Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Detailed distribution of the species and comments on those from the European Red Lists are also provided.In the present study, 13 species of planthoppers are recorded for the first time in Bulgaria -  Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) are hemimetabolous insects belonging to the order Hemiptera. They are widespread throughout the world, but most families are richer in the tropics. About 14,000 species of fulgoromorphs have been described worldwide, belonging to 36 families (including fossils)   and aboufossils) . In BulgFulgoromorpha, identification data were used from various publications  and category \"2\" in German Red Lists, EN - Endangered (IUCN) and category \"2\" in German Red Lists, VU - Vulnerable and category \"V\" in German Red Lists.Detailed distribution of the species and comments on those from the European Red Lists are also provided. The following abbreviations concerning conservation status of the species where used: Some species were photographed live by the author with a Canon EOS 70D DSLR camera, Canon MP-E 65 mm macro lens using an Yongnuo YN-24EX twin macro flash or with Olympus E-500 DSLR camera, Sigma 150mm F2.8 APO MACRO DG and Raynox DCR-250 macro lens attached using Bower SFD14C ring flash.Spinola, 1839284F3298-CDB3-50F9-A9ED-7437682E5AE0Signoret, 186518FD2692-8E74-5F63-AC6F-C72C6F70414CSignoret, 1879424E02B9-2A84-52EA-834D-5ABBC0EA5566H.mavromoustakisi and H.aither (Greece (Rhodos), Georgia , Cyprus,H.aither , Turkey H.aither , Iran  Trin. ex Steud. plantation, the typical host-plant for Delphax species 35420FBA-CC70-56DE-AA67-AE6D02BF4748E.basilinea  under E.speciosa proposed by E.basilinea . Synonimisation is refuted by Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia (Karelia) , GermanyWestern Danube Plain: Archar vill., 04.v.2015, 1\u2642; Southern Black Sea coast: Atia vill., 22.viii.2016, 1\u2642. Detailed occurrence data: New record for Bulgaria. Red Lists: EN: Saxony (VU: (under the name E.basilinea): Bavaria 6D319526-D699-5381-B087-FA2F506D6B0FNorway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia (Karelia) , Great BEastern Sub-Balkan Basins: Ajtos, 23.vi.2016, 11\u2642\u2642, 1\u2640 and 4 nymphs; Western Rhodopes Mts: Poljana vill., 28.v.2014, 2\u2642\u2642, 2\u2640\u2640 and 5 nymphs. Detailed occurrence data: First record for Bulgaria. Red Lists: It is assessed as not endangered in some countries of Central Europe.Host plant: Calamagrostisepigeios (L.) Roth, C.canescens (Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) Roth (g.) Roth .Vilbaste, 1968E20AE414-87C6-514B-BD4F-F2DD00DB3100A0E055F8-1160-5AF6-9A2D-2E781A5870A4Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia (Karelia) , LuxemboSarnena Sredna Gora: Svezhen vill., marsh, 11.viii.2020, 2 \u2642\u2642. Detailed occurrence data: First record for Bulgaria. Red Lists: CR: Saxony 97D9BB1A-B99D-53BC-876E-094759D3E170Belgium, France , LuxemboHemiptera 446EE6AE-67CA-545E-A80D-A031AD0E0F08Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia (Karelia and Leningrad Region) , Poland Strandzha Mt: Goljamo Bukovo vill., 05.v.2009, 10\u2642\u2642 and 7\u2640  (VU: Czech Republic\u2019s Red List (Austria) , BavariaAustria) , Saxony Austria) , Saxony-Austria) , AustriaAustria) , GermanyAustria) , WatercoAustria) ; VU: CzeRed List .Host plant: Mainly Carexnigra (L.) Reichard B9C5C09B-969D-5614-BFC2-ED4ADA1269B9Great Britain , BelgiumSarnena Sredna Gora Mt: Prjaporets vill., 14.viii.2020, 1\u2642. Detailed occurrence data: First record for Bulgaria. Red Lists: EN: Bavaria  Arcang. 018D01EA-F481-5FBE-A518-973E6E82E25DSweden , NetherlSarnena Sredna Gora: Prjaporets vill., 14.viii.2020, 1\u2642; Eastern Rhodopes: Kokiche vill., 06.v.2003, 1\u2642; Strandzha Mt: Izgrev vill., Marina reka loc., 08.v.2009, 2\u2642\u2642 and 2\u2640\u2640. Detailed occurrence data: First record for Bulgaria. Red Lists: EN: Saxony (: Saxony .Host plant: different Brachypodium species (Brachypodiumpinnatum (L.) P. Beauv B9FB7414-103E-5FB0-B516-AF82E404101ENorway, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Latvia , IrelandWestern Pre-Balkan: Belgradchishki Skali, 03.v.2015, 1\u2642; Western Stara Planina: Slivnitsa vill., Aldomirovsko Blato, 18.iii.2017, 3\u2642\u2642 and 10\u2640\u2640; same location, 10.vii.2011, 1\u2642; Middle Stara Planina: Divchovoto vill., 08.v.2015, 1\u2642 and 1\u2640. Detailed occurrence data: First record for Bulgaria. Red Lists: It is assessed as not endangered in some countries of Central Europe.Host plant: Phalarisarundinacea L.  Trin., 1820 (Bothriochloaischaemum (L.) Keng  Keng .Spinola, 183987D7A25E-A5D2-5EDE-B994-E1441AB4CC37Germar, 1833CFA6C12A-8A4A-5790-B0C6-0F3E7BD5AFE63F40565E-1A64-57DA-A792-6C167F76249AItaly (doubtful) , SlovakiKozhuh Hill: Rupite vill., 11.ix.2021, 2\u2640\u2640 6241B949-ECDB-5DCF-9EBE-B1FE8F37ADC9Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Israel, Italy including the islands, Palestine, Russia (South European parts), Slovenia, Turkey, Crimea , HungaryNorthern Black Sea coast: Varna, Morska gradina, 04.viii.2016, 2\u2642\u2642 and 1\u2640; Aksakovo vill., Pobiti kamani loc., 03.viii.2016, 5\u2642\u2642, 3\u2640\u2640 and 1 nymph; Southern Black Sea coast: Sinemorec vill., the mouth of Veleka River, 15.viii.2010, 1\u2642; Atia vill., 22.viii.2016, 1\u2642; Strandzha Mt: Pismenovo vill., 12.viii.2021, 1\u2642  Reer & Podlech. Detailed occurrence data: First record for Bulgaria and Europe. hs; Fig.  on or neRed Lists: No assessment.Host plant: Poaceae (Astracanthaarnacanthasubsp.aitosensis or near it. Poaceae . All speFulgoromorpha species recorded for the first time for Bulgaria has been compiled. They are members of the families Cixiidae (one species) - Hyalesthesmlokosiewiczi, Delphacidae (10 species) - Delphaxarmeniacus, Euidesspeciosa, Eurysulalurida, Florodelphaxparyphasma, Jassidaeuslugubris, Metropisaris, Oncodelphaxpullula, Ribautodelphaximitans, R.pungens, Stenocranusmajor and Issidae (two species) - Latilicamaculipes and Tshurtshurnellaextrema. Additionally, the first exact localities for two species, Tropidocephalaandropogonis (Delphacidae) and Dictyopharapannonica (Dictyopharidae), are reported for Bulgaria. Species of the following five genera have not been previously known in Bulgaria: Euides, Eurysula, Jassidaeus, Oncodelphax (Delphacidae) and Latilica (Issidae).In the current study, a list of 13 Fulgoromorpha fauna in Bulgaria has been reported so far, at least fifteen more species are expected to be discovered.As a result of the study, the total numbers of known planthopper species, genera and families in Bulgaria are now 177, 82 and 13, respectively. Although the diverse H.mlokosiewichi, O.pullula, D.armenicaus and T.extrema. The easternmost distribution of H.mlokosiewichi  and the southernmost distribution of O.pullula have been established. The species D.armenicaus, which has been found mainly in Central Asia and the Caucasus, but is also known in Greece, is found on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. T.extrema was first recorded outside of Anatolia, along with the first data on its host plant.The new data significantly expand the known ranges of several species, such as Fulgoromorpha in Bulgaria.Seven of the listed species have conservation status in Central Europe, where such assessments have been carried out. The conservation status of most of the other species has never been evaluated as they are not spread in the countries where such assessments were carried out. This emphasises the need to assess the conservation status of"}
{"text": "Metapocyrtus Heller, 1912 is the most speciose and complex amongst the tribe Pachyrhynchini with seven subgenera and more than 200 described species. The genus is endemic to the Philippines and remains largely unknown particularly in the less explored areas or mountains.The genus Metapocyrtus Heller, 1912 , are described from Mindanao Island, Philippines. Brief bionomical notes and mimicry with their sympatric beetles and other insect counterparts are also reported.Four new species of  MetapocyrtusPachyrhynchiniPachyrhynchini contains 18 genera with more than 500 described species distributed from the Philippines to Papua New Guinea, Australia, Taiwan, Japan and Indonesia , based on the combined characteristics of the rostrum, pronotum and body : N = 5. LB 7.4\u20138.9 , LR 1.1\u20132.0 , WR 1.1\u20131.2 , LP 2.8\u20133.2 , WP 2.8\u20133.4 , LE 4.6\u20135.7 , WE 2.3\u20134.5 .Habitus as shown in Fig. Integument black. Body surface, rostrum, head and underside weakly lustrous.Body subglabrous. Head subglabrous with sparse and minute pubescence; forehead between eyes slightly depressed, covered with metallic, golden-yellow, round scales; lateral parts with elongated patch of golden-yellow round scales below the eyes and metallic golden-yellow piliform scales towards ventral side; median groove distinct. Ros\u00adtrum weakly rugose with sparse, minute pubescence, slightly longer than wide (LR/WR 1.66), dorsum bears minute, brownish hairs; baso-lateral surface with golden-yellow piliform scales which become longer towards anterolateral surface; apex with long, yellowish hairs; transverse basal groove distinct; dorsal surface convex. Eyes medium-sized and feebly convex. Antenna moderately clavate, scape slightly shorter than funicle, moderately covered with fine, long, recumbent, brownish hairs. Funicular antennomeres I and II almost of the same length, nearly three times longer than wide; antennomeres III\u2013VII slightly longer than wide; club subovoid, nearly three times longer than wide. Prothorax subglobular, as long as wide (LP/WP 1.0), coarsely granulated with sparse minute pubescence, widest at mid-length, weakly convex, with a faint groove along midline reaching only mid-length and with the following scaly markings of metallic golden-yellow, round scales: a) thin band approximately 1/6 length of pronotum along apical margin, b) transverse band across entire width just slightly behind mid-length and c) lateroventral stripe before the coxa, confluent with anterior marginal band and transverse band at mid-length. Elytra short, subovate (LE/WE 1.25), wider and longer than prothorax , subglabrous, weakly convex, coarsely punctured, each puncture with light-coloured, short seta; each elytron with the following scaly markings; a) broad basal band nearly twice as broad as pronotal bands extending from suture to lateral margin, b) broad transverse medial band across entire width from suture towards lateral margin, c) subtriangular patch at apex and d) band along lateral margin confluent with basal and medial bands and subtriangular apical patch. Apical declivity along suture without scales, but with sparse golden-coloured suberect short hairs which continue and become denser towards apex. Legs with moderately clavate femora. Femora covered with recumbent brown hairs. Tibiae weakly serrate along inner margin with suberect, brown bristles along inner margin and subrecumbent brown hairs along outer margin. Fore and mid-tibiae bearing mucro at apex. All tarsomeres densely pubescent dorsally. Coxa with light-coloured recumbent hairs. Mesoventrite with sparse light-coloured, recumbent hairs. Metaventrite and ventrite I moderately depressed on disc, with light-coloured, adpressed hairs and yellow ochre, round scales towards lateral margins. Ventrites II\u2013IV with sparse light-coloured, adpressed hairs. Ventrite V very weakly convex, densely punctured and with dense, long, light-brown adpressed hairs.Male genitalia as shown in Fig. Female. Dimensions (in mm): N = 4. LB 8.5\u20139.5 (\u00e2: 8.75), LR 1.5\u20131.8 (\u00e2: 1.58), WR 1.2, LP 2.8\u20133.0 (\u00e2: 2.85), WP 2.9\u20133.0 (\u00e2: 2.93), LE 5.7\u20136.5 (\u00e2: 5.9), WE 4.0\u20134.5 (\u00e2: 4.13).Females differ from males by the following characters: a) pronotum slightly longer than wide in females (LP/WP 0.96-1.0) than in males, b) elytra slightly longer and wider  than in males, c) elytral apex more pointed and with denser hairs at apex and d) posterior elytral marking imperfectly subtriangular. Otherwise, females similar to males.Metapocyrtusjumawani sp. nov. is related to Metapocyrtustagabawa Cabras, Bollino & Medina, 2020 from Toril, Davao City and Wao, Lanao del Sur and Metapocyrtuslatifasciatus Cabras, Bollino & Medina, 2020 from Cotabato, Sarangani and Davao del Sur, but differs on the broader pronotal and elytral markings and the shape of the aedeagus. M.jumawani sp. nov. differs from M.tagabawa for having broader transverse pronotal mark and basal and medial transverse bands, as well as banded triangular marks at the apical third of the elytra; whereas it differs from M.latifasciatus by having thick transverse basal and medial bands in the elytra instead of one full broad basal band covering almost half of each elytron. At the moment, as the real validity and repartition amongst Metapocyrtus subgenera requires a complete revision, thus we avoided subgeneric assignment for this species.The specific epithet is named after Kim Jumawan (Philippines) for his camaraderie and contribution in helping collect the species described herein.Metapocyrtusjumawani sp. nov. is known, so far, only from the Province of Davao de Oro.Cabras & Medina, 2021sp. n.26AFAEE6-25E9-5085-BCAD-C1FEAC3FE2E9urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ef162a92-14a3-4bc0-8b8d-2d167b56307bType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Local collector; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: card-mounted; disposition: in collection; Taxon: scientificName: Metapocyrtusged; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Curculionidae; genus: Metapocyrtus; specificEpithet: ged; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Cabras & Medina, 2021; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Asia; islandGroup: Mindanao; country: Philippines; countryCode: PHL; stateProvince: Davao del Sur; municipality: Davao City; locality: Toril; Identification: identifiedBy: AA Cabras; Event: samplingProtocol: beating sheet; year: 2019; month: May; habitat: old growth secondary forest; Record Level: institutionID: UM; collectionID: UM-CRCType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Local collector; individualCount: 5; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: card-mounted; disposition: in collection; Taxon: scientificName: Metapocyrtusged; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Curculionidae; genus: Metapocyrtus; specificEpithet: ged; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Cabras & Medina, 2021; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Asia; islandGroup: Mindanao; country: Philippines; countryCode: PHL; stateProvince: Davao del Sur; municipality: Davao City; locality: Carmen; Identification: identifiedBy: AA Cabras; Event: samplingProtocol: hand picking; year: 2019; month: July; habitat: old growth secondary forest; Record Level: institutionID: UM; collectionID: UM-CRCType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Local collector; individualCount: 2; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; preparations: card-mounted; disposition: in collection; Taxon: scientificName: Metapocyrtusged; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Curculionidae; genus: Metapocyrtus; specificEpithet: ged; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Cabras & Medina, 2021; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Asia; islandGroup: Mindanao; country: Philippines; countryCode: PHL; stateProvince: Davao del Sur; municipality: Davao City; locality: Toril; Identification: identifiedBy: AA Cabras; Event: samplingProtocol: beating sheet; year: 2019; month: May; habitat: old growth secondary forest; Record Level: institutionID: UM; collectionID: UM-CRCType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Local collector; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Metapocyrtusged; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Curculionidae; genus: Metapocyrtus; specificEpithet: ged; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Cabras & Medina, 2021; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Asia; islandGroup: Mindanao; country: Philippines; countryCode: PHL; stateProvince: Davao del Sur; municipality: Davao City; locality: Carmen; Identification: identifiedBy: AA Cabras; Event: samplingProtocol: hand picking; year: 2019; month: July; habitat: old growth secondary forest; Record Level: institutionID: UM; collectionID: UM-CRCMale. Dimensions (in mm): N = 2. LB 7.8\u20138.1 , LR 1.2\u20131.3 , WR 1.1\u20131.2 , LP 3.0\u20133.1 , WP 2.8\u20132.9 , LE 4.8\u20135.0 , WE 3.5\u20133.7 .Habitus as shown in Fig. Integument of elytra black; integument of pronotum, head, scape and legs dark ferruginous; funicle, tarsi, rostrum black. Body surface, rostrum and head weakly lustrous and underside subopaque.Body subglabrous. Head subglabrous, sparsely, minutely pubescent; lateroventral parts with yellow ochre and turquoise round and elliptic scales interspersed with light-coloured recumbent piliform scales, forehead between eyes slightly depressed, covered with metallic, yellow ochre and turquoise round and elliptic scales; median groove indistinct. Ros\u00adtrum strongly rugose especially in basal half, sparsely, minutely pubescent, slightly longer than wide (LR/WR 1.18), dorsum bearing V-shape ridge and minute, light-coloured hairs; lateral surface with recumbent light-coloured hairs and long, light-brown hairs at the anterolateral mar\u00adgin; transverse basal groove distinct, beset with sparse, light yellow ochre and torquiose round scales; dorsal surface moderately convex. Eyes medium-sized and feebly convex. Antenna clavate, scape as long as funicle, moderately covered with fine, light-coloured hairs. Funicular antennomeres I and II of the same length, nearly three times longer than wide; antennomeres III\u2013VII as long as wide; club subovoid, nearly three times longer than wide. Prothorax globular, slightly longer than wide (LP/WP 1.07), weakly granulated with sparse pubescence, widest at mid-length, moderately convex, with a faint groove along mid-line and with the following scaly markings of metallic yellow ochre, turquoise and light blue, round scales: a) thin band approximately 1/6 length of pronotum along anterior margin, b) thin transverse band at mid-length, sometimes interrupted at centre and c) lateroventral stripe before the coxa confluent with the anterior and median bands. Elytra subelliptical (LE/WE 1.37), slightly wider and twice longer than prothorax , subglabrous, striate-punctate, weakly convex, with very minute and sparse light-coloured pubescence. Elytra with the following scaly markings of yellow ochre and turquoise, round scales: a) basal transverse band from suture towards the lateral sides, b) median transverse band, c) subtriangular patch on apical third, d) thick band along lateral margin confluent with basal band, median band and triangular patch at apical third and e) faint stripe along suture. The elytral marks seem to create four squares on the dorsum of the elytra. Apex of elytra with erect bluish piliform scales and light-coloured hairs. Legs with strongly clavate femora. Femora dark ferruginous, but black towards apical half, covered with bluish recumbent piliform scales. Tibiae dark ferruginous, but black towards apex, covered with black piliform scales towards outer surface and black erect hairs on inner margin; serrate along inner margin. Fore and mid-tibiae bearing mucro at apex. Tarsomeres covered with pubescence dorsally. Coxae with light-coloured to greenish recumbent piliform scales. Mesoventrite with sparse and minute light-coloured hairs. Metaventrite with light-coloured suberect hairs and pale yellow to turquoise, round scales at lateral sides. Ventrite I faintly depressed on disc with light-coloured, suberect hairs and sparse light-coloured piliform scales towards sides. Ventrite II with short, light-coloured, suberect hairs and sparse light-coloured piliform scales towards sides. Ventrites III\u2013IV with sparse, light-coloured, short hairs. Ventrite V flattened, apical half finely densely punctured with suberect hairs.Male genitalia as shown in Fig. Female. Dimensions (in mm): N = 2. LB 9.0\u20139.3 (\u00e2: 9.2), LR 1.0\u20131.1 (\u00e2: 1.05), WR 1.2\u20131.4 (\u00e2: 1.3), LP 3.0\u20133.1 (\u00e2: 3.05), WP 3.0\u20133.1 (\u00e2: 3.05), LE 6.0\u20136.2 (\u00e2: 6.1), WE 4.0\u20134.2 (\u00e2: 4.1).Females differ from males by the following characters: a) pronotum more convex, b) elytra obovate (LE/WE 1.47\u20131.62), longer and wider  than in males, c) apex of elytral declivity with tuft of bristles and e) ventrite I flattened or slightly convex on disc. Otherwise, females are similar to males.Metapocyrtusged sp. nov. belongs to the subgenusMetapocyrtus s.s. for its rostrum with V-shape ridge and rounded dorsolateral edges, as well as elytra laterally elliptical or dorsally ovate. The species is distinct from the rest of Metapocyrtus s.s. by its unique elytral ornamentation.ged is after the acronym of Gloria E. Detoya, Chief Operating Officer/Quality Management Representative of the University of Mindanao for her unwavering support to the Coleoptera Research Center.The specific epithet The new species is, so far, known only in the Province of Davao del Sur.E7836DF0-F336-53BA-B427-4AF672C650C7urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:54054f64-a5d5-457e-b40b-37165b3588f4Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Local collector; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: card-mounted; disposition: in collection; Taxon: scientificName: Metapocyrtusflavomaculata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Curculionidae; genus: Metapocyrtus; specificEpithet: flavomaculata; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Cabras & Medina, 2021; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Asia; islandGroup: Mindanao; country: Philippines; countryCode: PHL; stateProvince: Davao del Sur; municipality: Davao City; locality: Lamanan; Identification: identifiedBy: AA Cabras; Event: samplingProtocol: handpicking; year: 2018; month: July; habitat: old growth secondary forest; Record Level: institutionID: UM; collectionID: UM-CRCType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Local collector; individualCount: 5; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; preparations: card-mounted; disposition: in collection; Taxon: scientificName: Metapocyrtusflavomaculata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Curculionidae; genus: Metapocyrtus; specificEpithet: flavomaculata; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Cabras & Medina, 2021; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Asia; islandGroup: Mindanao; country: Philippines; countryCode: PHL; stateProvince: Davao del Sur; municipality: Davao City; locality: Lamanan; Identification: identifiedBy: AA Cabras; Event: samplingProtocol: handpicking; year: 2018; month: July; habitat: old growth secondary forest; Record Level: institutionID: UM; collectionID: UM-CRCMale. Dimensions (in mm): N = 2. LB 6.8\u20137.1 , LR 1.0\u20131.1 , WR 1.0\u20131.1 , LP 2.0\u20132.1 , WP 2.0\u20132.1 , LE 4.8\u20135.0 , WE 3.0\u20133.2 .Habitus as shown in Fig. Integument black. Body surface, rostrum, head and underside with weak lustre.Body subglabrous. Head subglabrous, sparsely, very minutely pubescent; forehead between eyes slightly depressed and covered with metallic, light-yellow ochre, round scales; lateral parts with light-yellow ochre, round scales behind eye interspersed with metallic yellow-green, hairlike, elliptical scales; median groove distinct. Ros\u00adtrum sparsely, minutely pubescent, slightly longer than wide (LR/WR 1.33), dorsum bearing minute, light-coloured recumbent hairs; lateral surface with metallic, yellow-green hair-like scales and long, light-coloured hairs towards anterolateral mar\u00adgin; transverse basal groove distinct; dorsal surface weakly convex with faint V-shaped ridge. Eyes medium-sized and moderately convex. Antenna moderately clavate, scape slightly shorter than funicle, moderately covered with fine, light-coloured hairs. Funicular antennomeres I and II almost of the same length, nearly three times longer than wide; antennomeres III\u2013VII slightly longer than wide; club subovoid, nearly three times longer than wide. Prothorax subglobular, as long as wide (LP/WP 1.0), faintly punctured with sparse minute hairs, widest at mid-length, weakly convex and with the following scaly markings of metallic light yellow ochre and pale green, round scales: a) two medium-sized spots on basal parts, b) two medium-sized spots along apical margin and c) lateroventral stripe before the coxa. Elytra strongly ovate (LE/WE 1.6), wider and longer than prothorax , black, subglabrous, moderately convex, coarsely punctured. Each elytron with the following markings of metallic light-yellow ochre and pale green round scales: a) two sub-basal spots, b) three spots slightly before mid-length, c) three spots along apical third and d) one short apical stripe. Suture along apical declivity with light-coloured piliform scales becoming denser towards apex. Legs with strongly clavate femora. Femora covered with recumbent light-bluish hair-like scales. Tibiae covered with suberect, light-coloured bristles along inner margin and light-coloured recumbent hairs on outer margin; weakly serrate along inner edge. Fore tibiae bearing mucro at apex. Tarsomeres covered with pubescence dorsally. Coxae with light-coloured suberect hair-like scales. Mesoventrite covered with suberect light-coloured hairs. Metaventrite and ventrite I slightly depressed with light-coloured, adpressed bristles and light-yellow ochre, round scales at lateral sides. Ventrites II\u2013V with light-coloured, adpressed bristles. Ventrite V flattened, smooth with dense, recumbent yellow-ochre hairlike-scales.Male genitalia as shown in Fig. Female. Dimensions (in mm): N = 6. LB 7.6\u20138.5 (\u00e2: 8.2), LR 1.0\u20131.2 (\u00e2: 1.13), WR 0.8\u20131.0 (\u00e2: 0.93), LP 2.1\u20132.5 (\u00e2: 2.37), WP 2.4\u20132.8 (\u00e2: 2.67), LE 5.5\u20136.0 (\u00e2: 5.83), WE 4.0\u20134.2 (\u00e2: 4.13).Females differ from males by the following characters: a) pronotum slightly shorter than wide in males (LP/WP 0.88\u20130.89), b) pronotum subtruncate, c) elytra longer and wider  than in males and with oblique faint ridge on dorsolateral surface before mid-length, d) presence of tuft of piliform scales on elytral declivity and e) elytral apex with triangular projection. Otherwise mentioned, females similar to males.Metapocyrtus (Metapocyrtus) flavomaculata sp. nov. differs from all other species of the subgenus for its unique elytral ornamentation consisting of yellow ochre spots. It bears some superficial resemblance to Metapocyrtus (Metapocyrtus) worcesteri Schultze, 1925 from Zamboanga Province, but can be easily distinguished by the shape of the rostrum and pronotum, the presence of four spots in the pronotum , compared to the two spots at mid-length of M. (M.) worcesteri. The presence of an oblique ridge on the dorsolateral surface before mid-length in the elytra of females of Metapocyrtus (Metapocyrtus) flavomaculata sp. nov. also distinguishes it.Etymology. Latin, flavus = yellow; maculata = spotted. The Latin name refers to the yellow spots on the elytra.The new species is known, so far, in Davao City and Bukidnon.Cabras & Medina, 2021sp. n.24BB00C7-FBA3-5B6A-ABE4-2AEF39242D36urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7f58a8b0-4f64-4f23-a798-2c3d377e9c61Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Local collector; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; preparations: card-mounted; disposition: in collection; Taxon: scientificName: Metapocyrtuspseudahirakui; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Curculionidae; genus: Metapocyrtus; specificEpithet: pseudahirakui; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Cabras & Medina, 2021; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: continent: Asia; islandGroup: Mindanao; country: Philippines; countryCode: PHL; stateProvince: Bukidnon; municipality: Lantapan; Identification: identifiedBy: AA Cabras; Event: samplingProtocol: Beating sheet; year: 2018; month: July; habitat: old growth primary forest; Record Level: institutionID: UM; collectionID: UM-CRCFemale. Dimensions (in mm): LB 10.2, LR 1.0, WR 1.0, LP 3.2, WP 3.2, LE 7.0, WE 4.8, N = 1.Habitus as shown in Fig. Integument black. Body surface, rostrum, head and underside with weak lustre.Body subglabrous. Head subglabrous, sparsely, minutely pubescent; forehead between eyes flattish, covered with metallic, golden-yellow and round scales; median groove barely distinct; lateral parts behind eyes with golden-yellow and pale green round scales interspersed with hair-like scales of similar colours. Ros\u00adtrum sparsely, minutely pubescent, slightly longer than wide (LR/WR 1.33), dorsum and lateral surface bearing minute, recumbent, yellowish hairlike-scales and anterolateral mar\u00adgin with longer, light-brown hairs; transverse basal groove distinct; basal half with pronounced V-shaped ridge beset with metallic golden-yellow, round scales. Eyes medium-sized and feebly convex. Antenna moderately covered with fine, light-coloured hairs. Funicular antennomeres I and II almost of the same length, nearly three times longer than wide. Prothorax subglobular, as long as wide (LP/WP 1.0), mostly punctured, coarsely rugose and punctured especially along middle of dorsum, weakly convex, with distinct mid-line groove. Pronotum with the following scaly markings of metallic golden-yellow and pale green, round scales: a) thin transverse band approximately one seventh of the length of pronotum at anterior margin, b) transverse band across entire width at mid-length slightly thicker than anterior band, nearly confluent with anterior band at middle of dorsum and c) lateroventral stripe before coxa, confluent with anterior and median bands. Elytra short ovate (LE/WE 1.46), wider and longer than prothorax , black, subglabrous, strongly convex; coarsely punctured with very minute and sparse light-coloured, short seta; slightly flattish on basal half of dorsum and with steep apical declivity. Elytra with eight longitudinal scaly stripes of metallic golden-yellow and pale green, round scales beginning shortly from anterior margin and extending towards apex and one longitudinal parasutural stripe from before mid-length towards apical declivity. Longitudinal stripe at striae II extending from anterior margin to apical declivity; stripe at striae II extending from anterior margin to apex of elytra, confluent with stripe at lateral margin; stripe at striae III\u2013VII confluent at apical quarter. Base of apical declivity with brownish tuft of hairs on each elytron. Legs with strongly clavate femora. Femora covered with recumbent light-bluish hair-like scales. Tibiae covered with suberect, light-coloured bristles along inner margin and light coloured recumbent hairs on outer margin; weakly serrate along inner edge. Fore and mid-tibiae bearing mucro at apex. Tarsomeres covered with pubescence dorsally. Coxae with recumbent light-coloured hair-like scales. Mesoventrite covered with metallic and greenish, adpressed hair-like scales. Metaventrite slightly depressed on disc with subrecumbent hair-like scales and light-yellow ochre and pale green round scales at lateral sides. Ventrite I depressed on disc with light-coloured, adpressed hairs. Ventrites II\u2013V with sparse, light-coloured, short hairs. Ventrite V flattened, finely densely punctured with short hairs.Males unknown.Metapocyrtus (M.) pseudahirakui sp. nov. differs from all other species of the subgenus for its unique elytral ornamentation consisting of golden-yellow and pale green longitudinal stripes along the elytral striae. It superficially looks similar to M. (Orthocyrtus) hirakui Cabras, Medina & Bollino, 2021 due to mimicry reasons, but can be distinguished by its rostrum, punctures of the pronotum and the tuft of brownish hairs at the base of the apical declivity. M. (M.) pseudahirakui sp. nov. has rostrum with V-shape ridge and rounded dorsolateral edges, whereas M. (O.) hirakui has a rostrum which is dorsally straight, mostly in a plane with front and, at base, the sides are rectangularly declined.M. (O.) hirakui.Etymology. The specific epithet pertains to its uncanny resemblance to Metapocyrtus (M.) pseudahirakui sp. nov. is known, so far, in Bukidnon.Metapocyrtus spp.Notes on the ecology and mimicry of the new M.jumawani sp. nov. is in Maragusan, Davao de Oro. Davao de Oro  Province in Davao Region and is part of the Eastern Mindanao Biological Corridor (EMBC). It is a long stretch of mountain ecosystems bordering the eastern seaboard of Mindanao. The mountain ecosystem of Davao de Oro, including Cagan Valley, is situated in the east side of Mt. Candalaga range. The biotype is composed of old growth secondary forests, mostly remnants of the logging concessions in the late 1950s. Due to its rugged terrain and inaccessibility for most villagers in the nearby downtown, its forests have remained intact and undisturbed for decades, including its riparian systems, making it an ideal habitat for members of the tribe Pachyrhynchini. The new species was collected on the leaves of Elatostema sp. (Urticaceae).The type locality of M. (M.) ged sp. nov. and M. (M.) flavomaculata sp. nov., both species were collected in Davao City. M. (M.) ged sp. nov. was collected in the secondary forests of Catigan, Toril  flavomaculata sp. nov., on the other hand, was collected in the montane forests bordering Lamanan and Marilog, at an elevation of approximately 1000\u20131200 m a.s.l. The area where the specimens were collected is a remnant of an old growth forest and the rocks were mostly covered by moss. The new species was collected in a shady area and mostly on wild Impatiens sp.  plants growing on huge mossy rocks. M. (M.) flavomaculata sp. nov. was also observed in Lantapan, Bukidnon which extends the range of the distribution of the species. The northern part of Davao City, such as Calinan, Toril, Lamanan and Marilog, share some common species with Bukidnon, such as the recently-described M.kitangladensis Cabras, Medina & Zhang, 2019 which was found abundant in Bukidnon and was also observed in Marilog and Carmen in Davao City. Lantapan Bukidnon is also the type locality of M. (M.) pseudahirakui sp. nov. The species was collected alongside M. (O.) hirakui Cabras, Medina & Bollino, 2021 and Pachyrhynchustikoi Rukmane, 2016, which were very abundant in the area. At first, it can easily be mistaken for M. (O.) hirakui until further microscopic examination.As for ril Fig.  using a Metapocyrtuspseudahirakui sp. nov. is a classic example of interspecific mimicry within the genus Metapocyrtus, which was mentioned by Pachyrhynchini is quite common, especially between Pachyrhynchus and Metapocyrtus (Schultze 1925). Amongst the four species described here, three are involved in mimicry complexes. M.jumawani sp. nov. is involved in a large and complex mimicry with several species of Metapocyrtus, as well as Pachyrhynchuskraslavae Rukmane & Bar\u0161evskis 2016 and Pachyrrhynchusmiltoni Cabras & Rukmane, 2016 in Davao de Oro. Metapocyrtuspseudahirakui sp. nov. is in a mimicry complex with M. (O.) hirakui Cabras, Medina & Bollino, 2020, Pachyrhynchustikoi Rukmane, 2016, Doliopsdauvapilsi Bar\u0161evskis, 2014 and Polycatusmimicus Bramanti, Bramanti, & Rukmane, 2020. Another remarkable mimicry complex is the one observed with M. (M.) flavomaculata sp. nov., wherein five species from the order Coleoptera and one species of Hemiptera were documented sharing the same ornamentations of yellow spots on their bodies within the same vicinity. Amongst the members of this mimicry complex are Pachyrhynchussulphureomaculatus, Pachyrhynchuserichsoni, Alcidodes sp. and the true bug Platynopusmelanoleucus  (Pentatomidae) (Fig. Pachyrhynchini was already noted long ago by Pachyrhynchini was first noted by early naturalists who worked in Southeast Asia such as Wallace and Schultze, who noticed sympatric species of Pachyrhynchini sharing the same integument colours and elytral patterns. The tribe Pachyrhynchini are taking advantage of their colouration as aposematic signals in deterring predators, exploiting predators\u2019 visual system and making them unpalatable to predators (Macrocyrtus, Celebia, Alcidodes, Polycatus, Eupyrgops, Neopyrgops, Coptorhynchus and even the longhorned beetle Doliops by copying the patterns and colourations of the tribe Pachyrhynchini.redators . This de"}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Neurol 22, 161 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02681-7Following publication of the original article , an erroIncorrect:https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/epdf/https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2021. 0428. Accessed 13 Mar 2022.Intentional sedation as a means to ease suffering: a systematically constructed terminology for sedation in palliative care. Correct:Kremling, A.; Bausewein, C.; Klein, C.; Schildmann, E.; Ostgathe, C.; Ziegler, K. & Schildmann, J. Intentional Sedation as a Means to Ease Suffering: A Systematically Constructed Terminology for Sedation in Palliative Care, J Palliat Med, 2022;25:5The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Encarsia F\u00f6rster, 1878, which is the largest genus of the family Aphelinidae, contains 453 valid species worldwide. Most species of Encarsia with known biology are primary endoparasitoids of Aleyrodidae and Diaspididae.The genus Encarsialongifasciata-group from Malaysia and China are reviewed. This is the first record of this group from Malaysia. Two new species, E.borneensis Geng & Li sp. n. and E.pauroseta Geng & Li sp. n., are described and illustrated. Encarsialongifasciata is newly recorded from Malaysia (Borneo). An updated key to the longifasciata-group species  worldwide is provided.Species of the  Encarsia, amongst them the E.longifasciata-group, together with citrina-, parvella-, cubensis- and meghalayana-group share the character of the fore wing having a clear asetose area around the stigmal vein. This group was defined, established and revised by E.dewa, E.prinslooi, E.arabica, E.longifasciata and E.aleuroplati). E.cassida. Thus, currently six species are included in this group and all of them are known from the Old World tropics region. Here, we report on two new species of the Encarsialongifasciata-group and provide the first record of the species from this group from Malaysia.So far, 108 and 11 species are described from China and Malaysia, respectively . There aSpecimens were collected from Yunnan, China and Borneo, Malaysia using yellow pan traps. Specimens were dissected and mounted dorsally in Canada balsam on slides following the method of Photographs were taken with a digital CCD camera attached to an Olympus BX51 compound microscope and most measurements were made from slide-mounted speci\u00admens using an eye-piece graticule. All the specimens listed below are deposited in the Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.The following abbreviations are used:Fn flagellar antennomeres.Tn metasomal tergum.YPT yellow pan trapping.NEFU Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.NHMUK Natural History Museum, London, UK.Geng & Lisp. n.4BD44D58-BFB8-599B-85B3-3EBC9C825603Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Malaysia; countryCode: MYS; stateProvince: Borneo; county: Sabah; municipality: Keningau; locality: Jungle Girl Camp; verbatimLatitude: 5\u00b026'55.7\" N; verbatimLongitude: 116\u00b027'08.6\" E; Identification: identificationID: E432; identifiedBy: Geng Hui; Li Cheng-De; Event: year: 2016; month: August; day: 21-25; Record Level: institutionCode: NEFUFig. 1). Length, mesosoma plus metasoma, 0.57 mm. Head  small, little, referring to the sparse setation of the fore wing disc.E.longifasciata-group species have the maximum marginal fringe length at most 0.7\u00d7 as long as maximum disc width. This species appears to be similar to E.dewa Pedata & Polaszek having the mid-lobe with two setae, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following: marginal fringe of fore wing as long as width (vs. 0.65-0.7\u00d7), scutellum, tegula and metasoma totally pale yellow , F2 0.67\u00d7 as long as F3 and without longitudinal sensilla \uff0cfore wing with a clear asetose area towards the apex (vs. fore wing with less asetose wing disc towards the apex).This species has unusual fore wings, the disc of which is very sparsely setose, with the maximum width as long as the maximum marginal fringe length. The remaining Subba Rao, 1984019B9B9D-C2E3-5325-82BC-E7350D131944EncarsialongifasciataEncarsialongifasciata Subba Rao: Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Malaysia; countryCode: MYS; stateProvince: Borneo; county: Sabah; municipality: Keningau; locality: Jungle Girl Camp; verbatimLatitude: 5\u00b026'55.7\" N; verbatimLongitude: 116\u00b027'08.6\" E; Identification: identificationID: E448, E451; identifiedBy: Geng Hui; Event: year: 2016; month: August; day: 21-25; Record Level: institutionCode: NEFUE.longifasciata from Malaysia.Two specimens agree with the descriptions given by"}
{"text": "Swallowed topical corticosteroids (STC) are a first-line treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) but are not uniformly effective. Dupilumab (DPL), a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks the shared receptor component for IL-4/IL-13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation. In Parts A and B of the phase 3 LIBERTY-EoE-TREET (NCT03633617) study, weekly DPL 300mg improved clinical, symptomatic, histologic, and endoscopic aspects of EoE and was generally well tolerated in adult and adolescent patients (pts) with EoE.To assess the efficacy of weekly DPL 300mg vs placebo (PBO) at Week 24 in pts from Parts A and B with/without prior history of STC use, and from Part B with/without a history of inadequate response, intolerance, or contraindication to STCs.Pts who received STCs for EoE within 8 weeks prior to baseline were excluded from the study. Co-primary endpoints at Week 24 were the proportion achieving peak eosinophil count (PEC) \u22646/high-power field (hpf) and the absolute change in Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) score. Other secondary endpoints at Week 24 included: % change in PEC; absolute change in Histologic Scoring System (HSS) grade and stage scores and Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS); % change in DSQ score.At baseline, in Parts A and B combined, 84/122 (69%) and 87/118 (74%) of DPL- and PBO-treated pts had history of STC use. For pts treated with DPL vs PBO PEC\u22646/hpf was achieved by 59.5% vs 3.4% of pts with, and 57.9% vs 12.9% without, prior STC use. Difference vs PBO (95% CI) in the absolute change in DSQ score was \u221213.27  vs \u22125.21  for pts with/without prior STC use. Difference vs PBO (95% CI) for pts with/without prior STC use were: % change in PEC \u221280.76 /\u221284.87 ; absolute change in EoE-HSS grade \u22120.77 /\u22120.57  and stage \u22120.77 /\u22120.55 ; absolute change in EREFS \u22123.86 /\u22122.59 ; % change in DSQ \u221234.5 /-14.9 . DPL was generally well tolerated in the intent-to-treat population; the most common TEAEs for DPL/PBO were injection-site reactions (37.7/33.3%). In Part B, 38/80 (48%) and 39/79 (49%) of DPL- and PBO-treated pts had inadequate response/intolerance/contraindication to STCs. For DPL vs PBO PEC\u22646/hpf was achieved by 55.3% vs 7.7% with, and 61.9% vs 5.0% of pts without, inadequate response/intolerance/contraindication to STC. Difference vs PBO (95% CI) for absolute change in DSQ score was \u221211.55 /\u22127.08  for pts with/without inadequate response/intolerance/contraindication to STCs.Conclusion: Regardless of prior STC use, in this pooled analysis from Part A and Part B of the EoE TREET Phase 3 Study, weekly DPL 300mg demonstrated substantial improvements in clinical, histologic, and endoscopic study endpoints at Week 24 in adults and adolescents with EoE.OtherResearch sponsored by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.A. Bredenoord Shareholder of: SST, Grant / Research support from: Bayer, Nutricia, SST, Consultant of: Arena Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Calypso Biotech, Dr Falk, EsoCap, Gossamer Bio, Laborie, Medtronic, RB Pharma, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Robarts Clinical Trials, E. Dellon Grant / Research support from: Research funding; Adare Pharma Solutions, Allakos, GSK, Meritage Pharma, Miraca Life Sciences, Nutricia, Receptos/BMS, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Shire. Educational grant; Allakos, Banner Pharmaceuticals, Holoclara, Consultant of: Abbott, Adare Pharma Solutions, Aimmune Therapeutics, Alivio Therapeutics, Allakos, Arena Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Banner Pharmaceuticals, Biorasi, Calypso Biotech, Enumeral, EsoCap, Gossamer Bio, GSK, Receptos/BMS, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Robarts Clinical Trials, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Shire/Takeda, A. Lucendo Grant / Research support from: Dr Falk, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Consultant of: Dr Falk, EsoCap, M. Collins Grant / Research support from: Receptos/BMS, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Shire, Consultant of: Allakos, AstraZeneca, BMS, EsoCap, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Shire, A. Khodzhayev Shareholder of: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Employee of: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., X. Sun Shareholder of: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Employee of: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., K. Patel Employee of: Sanofi, B. Beazley Shareholder of: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Employee of: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., A. Shabbir Shareholder of: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Employee of: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc."}
{"text": "A version of the article with incorrect author order was uploaded to PubMedCentral, and subsequently to PubMed. The corrected article has author order Dhananjay S, Chandhok G., Neumann B., and citation:Dhananjay, S; Chandhok, G; Neumann, B (2022). Novel putative interactors of FZO-1/mitofusin 2 identified using large-scale yeast two-hybrid screening in C. elegans. microPublication Biology. 10.17912/micropub.biology.000674. PMID: 36530473; PMCID: PMC9756088."}
{"text": "In Nazar\u2010Zadeh et al.,FIGURE 1 Histopathological images of testes in control and treatment groups including A: control, B: Nic, C: Roy 100 mg/kg, D: Roy 150 mg/kg, E: Roy 200 mg/kg, F: Nic + Roy 100 mg/kg, G: Nic + Roy 150 mg/kg, H: Nic + Roy 200 mg/kg. N = 6 mice in each group. Red arrow indicated the interstitial tissue in normal group (A), damaged group (B), and restored group (H). Blue arrow represented the normal germinal epithelium in control group (A), damaged dispersed germinal epithelium in Nic group (B), and repaired damaged epithelium after Roy administration (H). Nic, nicotine; Roy, royal jelly. Scale bar: 100 \u03bcm The Authors apologize for this error"}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Microbiol 22, 103 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-022-02519-9Following the publication of the original paper , the autAdditional file 1: Table S1. List of strains of Gonium used in this study. Table S2. Specific primers used for genomic PCR for strains of Gonium pectorale  in liquid nitrogen by using a simple cryopreservation module  for two-step cooling in cryopreservation. Figure S1. Mating type determination of four newly established strains of Gonium pectorale  and mating type plus-specific gamete plasma membrane protein gene (FUS1). Actin is an autosomal gene (control). For primers used, see Additional file Figure S2. Full length, unprocessed gel images of the three genes shown in Additional file st, 6th, 11th and 17th lanes). 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th lanes: A, B, C and D, respectively, of MID (Additional file th, 8th, 9th and 10th lanes: A, B, C and D, respectively, of Actin (Additional file th, 13th, 14th and 15th lanes: A, B, C and D, respectively, of FUS1 (Additional file"}
{"text": "For Dejima, K; Mitani, S (2022). Balancer-assisted outcrossing to remove unwanted background mutations. microPublication Biology. 10.17912/micropub.biology.000561.The authors correct the following:In the reference section, the PubMedID for Dejima et al., is PubMed ID: 29298424 instead of PubMed ID: 34140407Dejima K, Hori S, Iwata S, Suehiro Y, Yoshina S, Motohashi T, Mitani S. 2018. An Aneuploidy-Free and Structurally Defined Balancer Chromosome Toolkit for Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Rep 22: 232-241. PubMed ID: 29298424."}
{"text": "Nematocarcinusevansi Burukovsky, 2000, N.exilis  and N.machaerophorus Burukovsky, 2003 were newly recorded from the north-western Pacific. The morphological features of these specimens are in concordance with the original description.During two scientific expeditions in the South China Sea and the Kyushu-Palau Ridge area, several specimens of thread-leg shrimp were collected from deep waters. Amongst them, three species, Nematocarcinusevansi and N.machaerophorus were recorded for the second time since their original descriptions and newly found from the South China Sea. Nematocarcinusexilis, collected from the Kyushu-Palau Ridge area, represents a great distribution expansion from the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean to the Pacific, making it the fourth Atlantic-Pacific distributed Nematocarcinus species. Their detailed morphological characteristics, colour patterns and partial sequences of the COI and 16S rRNA genes are provided, respectively. Nematocarcinus Milne Edwards, 1881 is the most species-rich genus amongst the caridean shrimp family Nematocarcinidae Smith, 1884, exclusively inhabiting the seafloor in deep-sea . Amongst these, more than 34 species occur in the Pacific, of which about 19 species have been recorded from the north-western Pacific: Nematocarcinusbatei Burukovsky, 2000; N.bituberculatus Chace, 1986; N.chacei Burukovsky, 2002; N.challengeri Burukovsky, 2006; N.combensis Burukovsky, 2000; N.crosnieri Burukovsky, 2000; N.gracilis Spence Bate, 1888; N.kaiensis Burukovsky, 2000; N.longirostris Spence Bate, 1888; N.manningi Burukovsky, 2003; N.nudirostris Burukovsky, 1991; N.parvus Burukovsky, 2000; N.productus Spence Bate, 1888; N.richeri Burukovsky, 2000; N.subtegulisfactus Burukovsky, 2000; N.subtilis Burukovsky, 2000; N.tenuipes Spence Bate, 1888; N.tenuirostris Spence Bate, 1888; and N.undulatipes Spence Bate, 1888 , N.machaerophorus Burukovsky, 2003 and N.undulatipes Spence Bate, 1888. Amongst these, N.machaerophorus had only been recorded in the waters of the islands of Eiao and Ua Pou  at depths of 1000\u20131100 m; N.evansi had only been recorded from the waters of south-western Australia at depths from 913\u2013916 m, the Indian Ocean , Ministry of Natural Resources of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Hangzhou. Specimens of N.evansi and N.machaerophorus were collected during a cruise within the South China Sea by the R/V \u201cTan Kah Kee\u201d in June 2020 using a deep-sea Agassiz trawl. The specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol and deposited at the Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (MBM), Qingdao, China.Specimens of https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) was used to detect the similarity of these sequences to the nucleotide sequence collection database in GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Genetic distances were calculated using the Kimura 2-parameter model in MEGA X . Total genomic DNA of the specimens was extracted from the fifth pleopod using a TIANamp Marine Animals DNA Kit  according to the manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Partial sequences of COI and 16S rRNA genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the primers LCO1490/HCO2198 and 16S-AR/16S-1472, respectively  and thenn MEGA X . All theThe size of the specimens  was measured to the nearest 0.1 mm with a vernier caliper. The following abbreviations were used: St., sampling station; CL, postorbital carapace length; AT, Agassiz trawl; Coll., collector.Burukovsky, 20000F10EE96-A529-5E40-9109-F52D13206252https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=514308Nematocarcinusevansi : Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult (CL 29.5 mm); reproductiveCondition: non-reproductive; establishmentMeans: wild; preparations: damaged animal (ETOH), DNA extract; disposition: in collection; associatedSequences: OP093562, OP093563; occurrenceID: C836B536-48AB-5983-9712-5D897E11FE32; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:514308; scientificName: Nematocarcinusevansi Burukovsky, 2000; order: Decapoda; family: Nematocarcinidae; genus: Nematocarcinus; specificEpithet: evansi; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Burukovsky, 2000; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: higherGeography: northwestern Pacific; waterBody: Pacific Ocean; country: China; countryCode: China/CN; locality: the South China Sea; verbatimDepth: 734-736 m; verbatimCoordinates: 15.72057\u00b0N, 110.77073\u00b0E; Identification: identifiedBy: Zhibin Gan; dateIdentified: 12/12/2021; identificationReferences: Burukovsky 2000e, 2003, 2012; identificationRemarks: Nematocarcinusundulatipes Spence Bate, 1888, was collected at the same sampling station and compared with Nematocarcinusevansi Burukovsky, 2000another specimen , ; Event: samplingProtocol: Agassiz trawl; eventDate: 13/06/2020; fieldNumber: St. AT-S58; fieldNotes: Coll. Xu; Record Level: language: en; collectionID: MBM189203; institutionCode: Marine Biological Museum of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (MBM)Body robust, integument hard, surface smooth, shiny. Rostrum straight, slightly over-reaching distal end of antennular peduncle, reaching mid-length of scaphocerite; 0.34 times as long as carapace Fig. A; dorsalEyes normally developed; cornea wider than eye stalk.Third maxilliped not reaching distal end of scaphocerite; ultimate segment 0.71 times as long as penultimate segment, not markedly broadened at middle, armed with four apical spinules; antepenultimate segment shorter than distal two segments combined, armed with 4\u20136 spines on lateral margin and two distal spines; exopod slightly shorter than antepenultimate segment.First pereiopod slender, over-reaching the end of scaphocerite by distal half-length of carpus. Ischium of first pereiopod with four ventrolateral spines, merus unarmed; ischium of third pereiopod with one distolateral spine. Other pereiopods lost.Posterodorsal margin of third pleomere rounded, continuation of its sides forming an angle of about 120\u00b0 , the Indian Ocean, at depths from 913\u2013916 m  of the distoventral organ in the sixth pleomere. The slender specimen was consistent with this and, thus, was identified as N.undulatipes, which was previously recorded in the South China Sea . Partial sequences of the COI and 16S rRNA genes of these two samples were deposited in GenBank for future research .The present material is consistent with the original description of N.evansi , especiaN.evansi B. It clohina Sea . FurtherFD94F682-BB81-560F-AF89-870D1CB81760https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=107574Stochasmusexilis : Nematocarcinusexilis : Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 female (DY59-I-ROV08), 1 male (DY59-I-ROV05); lifeStage: adult ; reproductiveCondition: non-reproductive; establishmentMeans: wild; preparations: whole animal (ETOH), DNA extract; disposition: in collection; associatedSequences: OP093560, OP093561, OP089177, OP089178; occurrenceID: 6517D2A7-0EA0-5DCF-88CF-EBE8761F09E5; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:107574; scientificName: Nematocarcinusexilis ; order: Decapoda; family: Nematocarcinidae; genus: Nematocarcinus; specificEpithet: exilis; scientificNameAuthorship: ; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: higherGeography: northwestern Pacific; waterBody: Pacific Ocean; locality: the Kyushu-Palau Ridge area; verbatimDepth: 1956 m (DY59-I-ROV08), 2666 m (DY59-I-ROV05); verbatimCoordinates: 13.330868\u00b0N, 134.548018\u00b0E(DY59-I-ROV08); 16.931303\u00b0N, 134.917863\u00b0E (DY59-I-ROV08); Identification: identifiedBy: Zhibin Gan; dateIdentified: 06/08/2021; identificationReferences: Crosnier and Forest, 1973; Abello and Valladares, 1988; Turkay, 1998; Burukovsky, 2012; Event: samplingProtocol: pipet of ROV; eventDate: 20/07/2020, 02/08/2020; fieldNumber: St. DY59-I-ROV05, St. DY59-I-ROV08; fieldNotes: Coll. Gan; Record Level: language: en; collectionID: SRSIO20080316; institutionCode: Sample Repository of the Second Institute of Oceanography (SRSIO)Body moderately slender, integument moderately soft, surface smooth. Rostrum nearly straight, slightly upturned at tip and concave in middle. Rostrum of female specimen over-reaching distal end of antennular peduncle by one-third of its length, reaching to distal one-third of scaphocerite, about half-length of carapace Fig. C; dorsalEyes normally developed; cornea wider than eye stalk.Third maxilliped reaching to distal quarter of scaphocerite; ultimate segment 0.76 times as long as penultimate segment, not markedly broadened at middle, armed with slender apical spinule; antepenultimate segment subequal in length to distal two segments combined, armed with 8\u20139 spines on lateral margin and two distal spines; exopod reaching to distal two-fifths of antepenultimate segment.First pereiopod slender, overreaching end of scaphocerite by distal one-sixth of carpus; ischium with four ventrolateral spines, merus with 1\u20132 ventrolateral spines; ischium of second pereiopod with one distolateral spine, merus with 6\u20139 ventrolateral spines; ischium of third pereiopod with one distolateral spine, merus with 6\u20137 ventrolateral spines; ischium of fourth pereiopod with 0\u20131 distolateral spine, merus with 5\u20136 ventrolateral spines; ischium of fifth pereiopod unarmed, merus with 1\u20135 ventrolateral spines.Posterodorsal margin of third pleomere rounded, continuation of its sides forming an angle slightly larger than 120\u00b0 Fig. D. PleuraVentral organ at sixth pleomere formed by two single rows of long plumose setae and two spots; setae rows nearly parallel, extending to end of spots; spots 2.47\u20132.61 times as long as wide, distance between spots about 2.05 times spots width Fig. G.Telson armed with seven pairs of dorsolateral spines, two pairs of distal spines, without accessory spine Fig. H.Colour, crimson red in female, faint red in male Fig. C\u2013D.Previously known in the eastern Atlantic from 62\u00b017'N to Morocco and Canary Is-lands (900\u20132300 m) and the Mediterranean Sea at depths between 1033\u20134765 m. . PresentNematocarcinus species occur in the Indo-west Pacific origin, but only three species, N.ensifer , N.faxoni Burukovsky, 2001 and N.tenuipes , are distributed both in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans , the antepenultimate segment of the third maxilliped , the pleuron of the fifih pleomere , the telson  and the most important, the distoventral organs of the sixth pleomere , based on which N.exilis. In view of the differences discussed above, we agree with the inference of OP093560, OP093561, OP089177, OP089178).At present, approximately 74.5% of c Oceans . Under tBurukovsky, 2003AB4F7160-5CD6-537C-B0EE-1A1BF2FB3426https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=586809Nematocarcinusmachaerophorus : Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult (CL 23. 5 mm); reproductiveCondition: ovigerous; establishmentMeans: wild; preparations: damaged animal (ETOH), DNA extract; disposition: in collection; associatedSequences: OP093564, OP089181; occurrenceID: 9466BC66-651D-5D94-B040-34418CAA2A52; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:586809; scientificName: Nematocarcinusmachaerophorus Burukovsky, 2003; order: Decapoda; family: Nematocarcinidae; genus: Nematocarcinus; specificEpithet: machaerophorus; scientificNameAuthorship: Burukovsky, 2003; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: higherGeography: northwestern Pacific; waterBody: Pacific Ocean; country: China; countryCode: China/CN; locality: the South China Sea; verbatimDepth: 811\u2013849 m; verbatimCoordinates: 15.51795\u00b0N, 110.95654\u00b0E; Identification: identifiedBy: Zhibin Gan; dateIdentified: 06/01/2022; identificationReferences: Burukovsky, 2003, 2004, 2006b, 2012; Event: samplingProtocol: Agassiz trawl; eventDate: 14/06/2020; fieldNumber: St. AT-S59; fieldNotes: Coll. Xu; Record Level: language: en; collectionID: MBM189206; institutionCode: Marine Biological Museum ofthe Chinese Academy of Sciences (MBM)Body moderately slender, integument hard, surface smooth. Rostrum damaged, remaining part nearly horizontal, dorsal margin armed with nine articulated teeth, including four on rostrum proper and five on carapace posterior to orbital margin, space between teeth increasing distally; ventral margin unarmed at remaining part Fig. A. AntennEyes normally developed; cornea wider than eye stalk.Third maxilliped not reaching distal end of scaphocerite; ultimate segment 0.75 times as long as penultimate segment, not markedly broadened at middle, without apical spinule; antepenultimate segment subequal in length to distal two segments combined, armed with six spines on lateral margin and two distal spines; exopod falling short of distal margin of antepenultimate segment.All pereiopods lost.Posterodorsal margin of third pleomere rounded, continuation of its sides forming an angle slightly larger than 120\u00b0 Fig. B. PleuraVentral organ at sixth pleomere formed by two single rows of long plumose setae and two spots; setae rows cambered laterally, extending to front of spots Fig. D; spots Telson damaged.Previously only known from type locality, the Yeiao and Ua Pou Islands  at depths of 1000\u20131100 m . PresentNematocarcinus are difficult to identify, not only because of their excessive morphological diversity, but also because of the fragility of the pereiopods and rostrum, which are usually damaged during collection. Nematocarcinus. The present specimen had damaged rostrum and telson that could not be identified through morphology. Fortunately, DNA barcoding provides another efficient way to validate a species. BLAST results indicated a 98.57% match in the COI sequence between the present specimen (OP093564) and the holotype of N.machaerophorus Burukovsky, 2003 , in which only seven nucleotide sites differed. The COI genetic distance between present specimen and the holotype of N.machaerophorus  is 1.8%. The 16S rRNA sequence (OP089181) was identical to that of the holotype of N.machaerophorus . Furthermore, the preserved characteristics of the present specimen, such as the tergum of the third pleomere, the pleura of the fifth pleomere and the distoventral organ, match those of N.machaerophorus, particularly the distoventral organ located on a high tubercle blister of the sixth pleomere. Its setae rows and spots exhibit a similar arrangement to that of the holotype (Species of holotype .Nematocarcinus, being obligate detritophagous and necrophagous, play an important role in the marine material energy cycle (Nematocarcinus shrimp and improving their recorded species diversity. Our report of N.evansi and N.exilis confirms these features are effective in identification. Nevertheless, some badly damaged specimens are beyond accurate morphological identification, such as the specimen of N.machaerophorus in the present research with its rostrum, pereiopods and telson lost during collection. It was unrecognisable based on morphology, but COI and 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that it belonged to the species N.machaerophorus. This indicates that the DNA barcoding method is efficient in taxonomy research and biodiversity monitoring. Therefore, adding DNA sequence data as one of the identifying characters for a specimen is significant.Shrimps of the genus gy cycle . They argy cycle . Howevergy cycle . Burukov"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Johanna L. A. Paijmans. The correct citation is: Gurke M, Vidal-Gorosquieta A, Paijmans JLA, W\u0229cek K, Barlow A, Gonz\u00e1lez-Fortes G, et al. (2021) Insight into the introduction of domestic cattle and the process of Neolithization to the Spanish region Galicia by genetic evidence. PLoS ONE 16(4): e0249537."}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 22, 355 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04584-4Following publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect author name is: Putora Katharina, Hornung Ren\u00e9, Kinkel Janis, Fischer Tina, and Putora Paul Martin.The correct author name is: Katharina Putora, Ren\u00e9 Hornung, Janis Kinkel, Tina Fischer, and Paul Martin Putora.The author group has been updated above and the original article  has been"}
{"text": "Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia hermsii.The word \"deiminase\" is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: The arginine deiminase system plays distinct roles in Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia hermsii. PLoS Pathog 18(3): e1010370. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010370The correct citation is: Richards CL, Raffel SJ, Bontemps-Gallo S, Dulebohn DP, Herbert TC, Gherardini FC (2022) The arginine deiminase system plays distinct roles in"}
{"text": "In the article \u201cSurveillance of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases: thoughts on the roleof national health surveys of Brazil\u201d, doi: 10.1590/SS2237-9622202200010.especial,published on Epidemiology and Health Services, 31(nspe1):e20211048, 2022, in the page 1: Original text:10.1590/SS2237-9622202200010.especialCorrected text:10.1590/SS2237-9622202200013.especial"}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct name is: Norio Yasui-Furukori. The correct citation is: Tokumitsu K, Yasui-Furukori N, Adachi N, Kubota Y, Watanabe Y, et al. (2021) Real-world clinical predictors of manic/hypomanic episodes among outpatients with bipolar disorder. PLOS ONE 16(12): e0262129."}
{"text": "The original publication of this article  containeThe incorrect author name is: Rui Brito.The correct author name is: Rui M. M. Brito.Author nameThe affiliation \u201cUniversidade de Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal\u201d was missing from Dr. Brito.Affiliation"}
{"text": "People with HIV (PWH) who are initiated on guidelines-recommended first-line INSTI-based antiretroviral therapy routinely achieve rapid virologic suppression; however, those with a high baseline (BL) HIV-1 RNA and/or low CD4 count may be more challenging to manage in the short- and long-term. To further characterize long-term outcomes over 5 years in select subgroups, we analyzed results from two studies examining B/F/TAF as initial treatment stratified by BL HIV-1 RNA and/or CD4 count.Adults with HIV were randomized to receive blinded initial treatment with B/F/TAF versus dolutegravir [DTG]/abacavir/lamivudine (Study 1489) or DTG+F/TAF (1490) for 144 weeks (W) of blinded treatment followed by an optional switch to open-label B/F/TAF for 96W. We present virologic response  and study drug-related adverse events (DRAE) from a pooled analysis of participants originally randomized to B/F/TAF who had BL HIV-1 RNA 100,00-400,000 copies(c)/mL, HIV-1 RNA >400,000 c/mL and/or CD4 count < 200 cells/\u00b5L through W240.634 adults  originally randomized to B/F/TAF were included for analysis. At BL, 80 participants had a BL CD4 count < 200 cells/\u00b5L and 119 participants had HIV-1 RNA >100,000 c/mL, of whom, 20 had HIV-1 RNA >400,000 c/mL. At W240, virologic suppression was high for the low CD4 count and/or high HIV-1 RNA subgroups (Table). No participant in the final resistance analysis developed virologic resistance to any component of B/F/TAF. Across the subgroups, the most common DRAEs were nausea, headache and diarrhea and there were no serious DRAEs. There was only one discontinuation due to a DRAE in the low CD4 count subgroup, and none in the high HIV-1 RNA subgroup.Initial treatment with B/F/TAF was safe and efficacious over 5 years of follow-up in people with a high BL HIV-1 RNA and/or low CD4 count. These outcomes provide additional evidence that B/F/TAF is an effective and durable regimen for a broad range of PWH, including those with advanced disease.Moti Ramgopal, MD, FACP, FIDSA, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Speakers Bureau|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Speakers Bureau|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Speakers Bureau|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Speakers Bureau Axel Baumgarten, MD, AbbVie: Honoraria|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|Janssen: Honoraria|MSD: Honoraria|ViiV: Honoraria Anton Pozniak, MD, FRCP, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Honoraria|theratec: Honoraria|ViiV: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Honoraria Chloe Orkin, MBChB, FRCP, MD, Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|GSK: Honoraria|Janssen: Honoraria|MSD: Honoraria Juan Manuel Tiraboschi, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Debbie P. Hagins, MD, FAPCR, AAHIVS, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Speakers Bureau|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Hailin Huang, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Employer|Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Kristin Andreatta, MSc, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee of Gilead Sciences|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Nathan Unger, PharmD, AAHIVP, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Jason Hindman, PharmD, MBA, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Hal Martin, MD, Gilead Sciences: employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Jared Baeten, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Olayemi Osiyemi, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|gsk: Advisor/Consultant|viiv: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10560-x, published online 29 April 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of the authors Gerald Haidinger, Judit Simon, Monika Hackl, Eva Schernhammer & Kyriaki Papantoniou which were incorrectly given as G. Haidinger, J. Simon, M. Hackl, E. Schernhammer & K. Papantoniou respectively. The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Correction to:Following publication of the original article [ article , the autThe incorrect name of dietary pattern score is: Planetary Healthy Dietary Index (PHDI).The correct name of dietary pattern score is: Planetary Health Diet (PHD).The incorrect reference is:Cacau LT, De Carli E, de Carvalho AM, Lotufo PA, Moreno LA, Bensenor IM, Marchioni DM. Development and validation of an index based on EAT-lancet recommendations: the planetary health diet index. Nutrients. 2021;13:1698. doi: 10.3390/nu13051698.The correct reference is:https:/eatforum.org/eat-lancet-commission/eat-lancet-commission-summary-report. Accessed 8 Oct 2021.EAT-Lancet Commission. Healthy Diets. In: EAT-Lancet Commission Summary Report about Food Planet Health: Healthy Diets From Sustainable Food Systems. EAT-Lancet Commission. 2019. The original article  has been"}
{"text": "International travel facilitates SARS-CoV-2 spread globally. Early detection of variants among arriving international travelers could provide viral information about introduction of variants with differing infectivity, virulence, and vaccine effectiveness, enabling adjustments to treatment and prevention strategies. We initiated a genomic surveillance program at 4 US airports to detect SARS-CoV-2 variants among arriving international travelers.Between November 29, 2021-April 24, 2022, we enrolled arriving air travelers (\u226518 years) from flights originating in 16 countries on 5 continents. At four airports, participants self-collected nasal swab samples that were pooled with 5\u201325 other samples by country of flight. Participants were also given a take-home saliva collection kit; saliva was collected 3-5 days after arrival and mailed back to the laboratory. SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on all samples at the laboratory. Positives underwent whole genome sequencing. Demographic, clinical, and travel information was collected.We enrolled 28,656 travelers; median age was 42 years (interquartile range 31-55), 48% were female, and 99.4% self-reported COVID-19 vaccination. Overall, 19%  of pooled and 7.5% (285/3804) of individual samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Highest pool positivity of 46% occurred during January 3\u201310, 2022 . Omicron variant accounted for 97% of sequences . We detected the earliest reporting of Omicron sub-lineages BA.2 and BA.3 (7 and 43 days earlier than reported elsewhere) in the United States and North America, respectively. During April 4\u201318, we detected an increasing trend of pool positivity among travelers on South African flights, detecting one of the first US-reported BA.4 sub-lineages consistent with early surge of cases in South Africa. Weekly pooled positivity for travelers on South African flights aligned with World Health Organization (WHO)-reported 7-day COVID-19 incidence rates over the same period .This genomic sequencing surveillance platform is a model for traveler-based SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance that can be used as an early warning system to detect future outbreaks and pandemics.Renee Wegrzyn, PhD, Ginkgo Bioworks: Stocks/Bonds Robert C. Morfino, MBA, Ginkgo Bioworks Inc: Employee|Ginkgo Bioworks Inc: Stocks/Bonds Scott Milford, n/a, XpresSpa Group, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Scott Milford, n/a, XpresSpa Group, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Ezra T. Ernst, n/a, XpresSpa Group, Inc: Ownership Interest|XpresSpa Group, Inc: Stocks/Bonds William W. Darrow, n/a, XpresSpa Group, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Siyao Lisa Li, n/a, Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Thomas Aichele, n/a, Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Andrew Rothstein, n/a, Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Rome, MBA, Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Gabrielle Woronoff, PhD, Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Keith Robison, PhD, Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Dongjuan Dai, PhD, Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Allison Hicks, PhD, Ginkgo Bioworks: I am a current employee|Ginkgo Bioworks: Stocks/Bonds Bryan Cosca, n/a, Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Alex Plocik, PhD, Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Ginkgo Bioworks, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Birgitte Simen, PhD, Ginkgo Bioworks: I am a current employee|Ginkgo Bioworks: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Rhiniinae  is a taxon of nearly 400 known species, many of them termitophilous. Approximatelly 160 valid species in 16 genera are Afrotropical, with over 60 of them occurring in South Africa. The taxonomy of this group is outdated, as most studies of the South African taxa were conducted 40 to 70 years ago . Published information on their biology and ecology is also scarce.Rhiniinae for South Africa was developed, based on the holdings of sixteen entomological collections in Africa, Europe and North America. Over 3,700 specimens were examined, revealing nine new species records for South Africa , Rhyncomyabotswana Zumpt, 1974, R.tristis S\u00e9guy, 1933, Stomorhinaapta Curran, 1931, S.malobana , Thoraciteskirkspriggsi Kurahashi, 2001, Th.sarcophagoides Kurahashi, 2001 and Trichoberialanata ). We propose one new combination Eurhyncomyiametzi  comb. nov. ). Additionally, evidence is presented to remove Rhyncomyaviduella Villeneuve, 1927 stat. rev. from synonymy with Rhyncomyacassotis . Relevant novel biological and seasonality information, historical occurrence maps and high-definition photographs for each species are compiled.An annotated checklist of 73 species of  Calliphoridae, comprise around 400 recognised species within 30-39 genera ) faeces and burrows and in grasshopper oothecas (The biology (e.g. immature stages and habits) of most species of ly known . In geneoothecas . This inRhiniinae of South Africa, we assembled the first checklist of species for the country. We also provide information on the current taxonomic and nomenclatural status of the species, occurrence maps, a thorough compilation of the known and novel biological information and high definition habitus photographs for each species.In order to update and augment the knowledge of the AMGS ; BMSA ; CEUA ; DMSA ; MNHN ; MZSUR ; NHMUK ; NMSA ; RMCA ; SAMC ; SANC ; SMNHTAU ; UCME ; USNM-SM ; ZMHB ; ZMUC .This study is based on the examination of about 3,000 specimens from South Africa and 700 specimens from other countries in the Afrotropical Region housed in sixteen entomological collections in ten countries. Acronyms used in the text for the museums and institutions are as follows: Pinned specimens or specimens preserved in ethanol were examined using stereoscopic microscopes with ocular micrometres (Leica M80 or Leica MZ95). Identifications were based on the works of major part of the novel information presented in this work. We also provide high definition habitus photographs of most species .For each genus and species studied, the following sections are provided: generic: synonyms and type species; species: specific synonyms (considered from https://doi.org/10.15468/wmpu5c). The supplementary material files include information obtained and adjusted from the specimen labels, here presented following the Darwin Core: acceptedNameUsage, adjustedName, basisOfRecord, catalogNumber, country, dateIdentified, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, eventDate, eventRemarks, family, genus, habitat, identifiedBy, individualCount, institutionCode, lifeStage, locality, locationRemarks, maximumElevationInMeteres minimumElevationInMeteres, occurrenceID, order, originalName, otherCatalogNumbers, preparations, previousIdentifications, province, recordedBy, samplingProtocol, specificEpithet, scientificName, scientificNameAuthorship, sex, state, taxonRemarks, taxonomicStatus, typeStatus, verbatimCoordinates, verbatimEventDate, verbatimLocality. The bionomical section refers to South African data unless indicated otherwise. Abbreviations used include: BECE = Boyekoli Ebale Congo Expedition, KR = Knut Rognes identification database number, AT = allotype, HT = holotype, LT = lectotype, PLT = paralectotype, PT = paratype, ST = syntype.The material examined for South Africa is included in Suppl. material Distribution data were obtained from A distribution gazetteer 82B68A32-90F2-5855-AA84-2554FE703BA4=IdiaalbitarsisType locality: South Africa, Cafreria. Macquart, 1846: 321. =IdiaeupodaType locality: Mozambique, Inhambane. Loew, 1852: 660 [1862: 24]. =IdiaextensaType locality: South Africa, Port Natal [= Durban]. Walker, 1858: 211. =FainiasamburaType locality: Kenya, Taita Hills, 1000\u20132000 m, Wyundani Rd., 3\u00ba24'S 38\u00ba23'E. Lehrer, 2008: 16. Afrotropical: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, ?Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Sierra Leone, South Africa . Attracted to freshly-turned soil. Many males were observed and caught hovering in groups at the Amatigulu Nature Reserve . Reported also in Zimbabwe as a flower-frequenting fly  and as Stomorhinaextensa ) ) . Life cyMaterial examined: Suppl. materials 3D62F807-4837-5B7E-9D61-569A706EA78C=StomatorrhinaelongataType locality: Bas-Congo [= Democratic Republic of Congo]. Bezzi, 1908: 38. =IdiellamajorType locality: Sierra Leone, Masimera to Yonnibanna. Malloch, 1926: 510. Afrotropical: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, ?Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa ), by monotypy. Robineau-Desvoidy 1830: 422. =BeccarimyiaType species: Beccarimyiaglossina Rondani, 1873 ), by monotypy. Rondani 1873: 287. 42EFF2E1-71ED-5A6A-A593-AAC575DB7660=IdiaapicalisType locality: Canary Island, Tenerife. Wiedemann, 1830: 354. =RhiniatestaceaType locality: France, I'lle de France [= Mauritius]. Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 423. =IdiaflavipennisType locality: Indonesia, Java. Macquart, 1844: 125. =IdiasimulatrixType locality: Olifant-River, South Africa. Loew, 1852: 660. =IdiapunctataType locality: Gabon. Bigot, 1858: 369. =IdiabigotiType locality: Senegal. Coquere, 1862: 96. =IdiapleuralisType locality: Australia, Keeling [= Cocos (Keeling)] Islands. Thomson, 1869: 542. =BeccarimyiaglossinaType locality: Abyssinia [= Ethiopia]. Rondani, 1873: 287. =RhiniafulvipesType locality: Ceylon [= Sri Lanka]. Bigot, 1874: 239. =IdiellatrineuriformisType locality: Tanzania, Kilimandjaro. Speiser, 1910: 153. Afrotropical: Aldabra Island (Seychelles), Amirante Island (Seychelles), Angola, Benin*, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Cosmoledo Island (Seychelles), Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, R\u00e9union Island (France)*, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritus Island (Mauritius), Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Rodriguez Island (Mauritius), Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Socotra Island (Yemen), South Africa , Canary Islands (Spain), China, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey. Oriental: China, Hong-Kong, India, Indian Ocean Islands, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.ica Fig. , TanzaniPreferred environment: associated with a variety of anthropogenic and natural environments including poultry farms and gardens, dune and sand forests, dry scrub forests, Ficus forest, grassy floodplain, woodland savannah, broad-leaved deciduous woodland and Succulent Karoo. In Namibia, it occurs in all biomes, being especially abundant in the Mesic Savannah Biome  and another one on the beach around a barbeque fire (Eastern Cape). Bembix Fabricius and Cercerisyngvei Cameron (as Cercerisvumbui Arn) (Hymenoptera) and larvae were obtained from nests of Bembixmelanopa Handlirsh . Life cycle and developmental stages: oviparous species. Eggs, 3rd-instar larvae and puparia described and illustrated 58F3AFC3-B6E6-5C8C-A77A-0EDA795DFB23=IdiacoxendixType locality: South Africa, Cap [= Cape Province]. Villeneuve, 1915: 204. =RhiniapallidulaType locality: Belgian Congo, Haut-Congo [Democratic Republic of Congo], Stanleyville [Kisangani]. Curran, 1927: 1. Afrotropical: Angola*, Burundi*, Cameroon, ?Cosmoledo Island (Seychelles), Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, South Africa . Collection methods: Malaise traps. In Democratic Republic of Congo, collected with Malaise traps and in Tanzania, with hand net. Life cycle and developmental stages: oviparous; immature stages and life history unknown. Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. Material examined: Suppl. materials AB102E44-80F8-5EDA-849E-BF3199D25209=IdianigricornisType locality: Senegal. Macquart, 1843: 281. =RhiniawinthemiType locality: Guinea. Villeneuve, 1915: 203. Afrotropical: Botswana*, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea*, Gambia, Ghana, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Lesotho*, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa . In Namibia, most abundant in February  Loes. (as Maytenuslinearis (L.)) and \u201cAcacia\u201d  thickets. Females were observed attending nests of Bembecinushaemorrhoidalis (Handlirsch), Pompilidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera). Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: most often collected with Malaise traps. In Namibia, it was reported as attracted to rotten fish and fermenting fruit in baited traps . Wiedemann, 1820: 21. =StomorhinaIdia Meigen by Wiedemann, 1820 (nec H\u00fcbner 1813)). Rondani, 1861: 9 (replacement name for =StomorhynaStomorhina in Stomorhynamaculata Rondani 1865: 228) (misspelling of =StomathorrhinaIdia Wiedemann). Bezzi, 1906: 53 (replacement name for =StomatorrhinaStomathorrhina Bezzi). Bezzi, 1906: 144 (unjustified emendation of =StomatorhinaStomorhina). Speiser, 1910: 153 AB3C4964-A1A5-5A76-A5A8-9226EB198DDE=StomatorrhinaarmatipesType locality: South Africa, Natal [KwaZulu-Natal]. Malloch, 1926: 500. =StomorhinafasciculataType locality: South Africa, Natal [KwaZulu-Natal], Willow Grange. Curran, 1927: 528. Afrotropical: Kenya and South Africa  in Grahamstown (Eastern Cape). During field work in September 2016 at the Kogelberg Nature Reserve, females were observed ovipositing on soil surrounding a termite nest. Gravid females and termites were collected and oviposition was achieved using a mixture of soil and live termites. Larvae were reared to adulthood and were observed preying on termites. Life cycle and developmental stages: oviparous. Immature stages  and adult females will be described . Collection methods: Malaise traps and sweeping. Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. Material examined: Suppl. material Curran, 19313C0A8735-F9CB-5835-93F6-37EE2F0BBF83=StomorhinachapiniType locality: Zaire [Democratic Republic of Congo], Lukulela. Curran, 1931: 16. =RhiniapatriziiType locality: Kenya, Ngong. Remarks: Zumpt (1962) indicated that S.patrizzi is identical to S.chapini after he examined the type series at NHMUK, but did not suggest it as Syn. nov. Subsequently, S.chapini. Peris, 1952: 29. Afrotropical: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Liberia, Namibia, South Africa . In Namibia, a single record was reported from the Mesic Savannah Biome . Behaviour and ecology: unknown. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: Malaise traps in Namibia C39266FF-7C31-5189-A90C-630AF7E473EA=RhiniacribrataType locality: Sierra Leone, Yiraia; Sierra Leone, Dilijuli. Bigot, 1874: 239. =RhiniavertebrataType locality: Ivory Coast [C\u00f4te d'Ivoire], Assinie. Bigot, 1891: 378. =RhiniatricinctaType locality: Ivory Coast [C\u00f4te d'Ivoire], Assinie. Bigot, 1891: 379. =RhiniastriataType locality: Iran, Pers-Beludshistan [Sistan and Baluchestan Province]. Becker, 1912: 626. Afrotropical: Botswana, ?Burundi (plain Ruzizi), Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia*, Ghana, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa , in grassveld near a stream and thornveld camp grounds. In Namibia, it is apparently restricted to the Arid and Mesic Savannah Biome , it was recorded as abundant from March to May   and Cassine sp. flowers . It was also collected together with Oxybeluslingula (Hymenoptera). Life cycle and developmental stages: females were observed ovipositing in soil rich in humus at the edge of cattle dung patch under tree shades and surrounded by long grass B01141B7-C077-5754-965A-237EA6DA7781=RhiniaguttataType locality: South Africa, Natal [KwaZulu-Natal], Willow Grange, Mooi River. Villeneuve, 1914: 384. Afrotropical: Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa 19125F96-ED26-5F05-8AB1-124478355115=MuscalunataType locality: Portugal, Madeira Island. Remarks: type series specimen in ZMUC. Fabricius, 1805: 292. =IdiarostrataType locality: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope - Promontorio bonae spei [Western Cape]. Remarks: type series specimen in ZMUC. Wiedemann, 1820: 22. =IdiafasciataType locality: France, Marseilles. Meigen, 1826: 9. =IdiasyrphoideaType locality: Mauritius. Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 421. =IdiacinereaType locality: Isles de la mer d'Africa [Indian Ocean d'Africa]. Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 422. =StomorhynamaculataType locality: Italy, Parma. Rondani, 1865: 228. =StomorhinamelanorhinaType locality: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope [Western Cape]. Bigot, 1888: 592. =StomorhinamuscoideaType locality: Madagascar. Brauer, 1899: 516. =StomorhinaselgaeType locality: Bermuda. Lehrer, 1979: 89. Afrotropical: Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauricio Island (Mauritius), Oman, Namibia, R\u00e9union Island (France), Rodriguez Island (Mauritius), South Africa , Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Spain (including Canary Islands), Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.ica Fig. , TanzaniPreferred environment: montane grass and woodlands, montane meadows, grasslands, rocky hillside, indigenous montane forest and forest margins, slopes, ravines, streams and cascade areas. Different kind of biomes such as: Macchia vegetation and old lands, mesic mountain Fynbos, false Macchia slopes and coastal Macchia. Associated with human environments such as houses, a university campus, caravan parks and main tracks through forest. Recorded in low numbers in Namibia, where it is virtually restricted to the Brandberg Massif and occurs at high elevations on the edge of Nama-Karoo  Loes., Cassine sp., Buddleja sp. L., Cussonia sp. and Searsiacrenata (Thunb.) Moffet. Additionally associated with: Searsia F. A. Barkley sp. , Diospyros L. sp. and Celtis L. sp.. In Mauritius, one specimen was collected on a flowering tree. The species seems to have a close relationship with Orthoptera. Adults lay eggs on oothecas, where the larvae developed (S.lunata on Nomadacrisseptemfasciata (Serville) oothecas and that it was obtained from locusts\u2019 eggs (\"Ex eggs\") in Malawi  and Kenya. Additionally reported that larvae destroy oothecas of Locustamigratorioides  in Kenya. In the material examined, S.lunata was reported as being attracted to open termite mounds  and found outside the nest of Trinervitermes Holmgren (Blattaria) . S.lunata in the fungus beds of a termite nest and reared them on dead and dying termite workers and soldiers. S.lunata in carrion. Life cycle and developmental stages: S.lunata male terminalia made by S. Patrizi accompanied by biological notes from observations in Kenya. Patrizi indicated in his notes that females of S.lunata were observed throwing masses of eggs over ?Anomma Shuckard ants (Formicidae). Some eggs were collected and stuck strongly to the glass walls of the container. Later, the eggs were placed in an ant farm, larvae emerged after a few hours and entered into the interior of Anomma larvae completely eating them (predation). Finally, larvae migrated to the soil for pupation. Patrizi suggests that the sticky eggs are a mechanism for entering ants\u2019 nests (S.lunata. Eggs (length: 1\u20131.25 mm) were deposited around soft soil close to a red locust ootheca, hatching in few minutes. First instar larvae were active (length: 1.5\u20131.75 mm) and quickly attacked the ootheca. In 3\u20134 days, larvae were fully fed (length: 2\u201314 mm), left the ootheca and migrated to soil to pupate (length pupae: 7.5\u20138 mm) for one-two days. Adults emerged in 7\u201310 days, but in cold weather, sometimes the pupal stage can last 14\u201315 days or longer. Adults' copulation occurred 4\u20135 days after they emerged and eggs started to be laid 1\u20132 days after copulation. Adults were fed with sugar solution, flower nectar and liquids from fresh cow-dung. Larvae stages fed on the yellow yolk of freshly-laid locust ootheca. Collection methods: sweeping with hand net and Malaise, yellow pan, black light and pitfall traps. Malaise and yellow pan traps in Namibia and hand net in Mauritius 6A3DDB32-0E4E-5C86-AD35-70E301A95130=LomwerhinamalobanaType locality: Malawi, Mulanje Mt. near Likabula. Remarks: HT in SMNHTAU (TAUI) . Lehrer, 2007: 12. Afrotropical: Malawi, South Africa* . Life cycle and developmental stages: females collected in Tanzania contained a completely developed 3rd instar larva that occupied all of the abdomen . This suggests an unilarviparous biology, an exclusive and new trait for the Afrotropical Stomorhina . Collection methods: in Tanzania, it was collected with Malaise and pitfall traps and a Malaise trap in Malawi. Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. Type material examined: L.malobana: 1 ? Malawi, 1500 m a.s.l., Mulanje Mt. nr. Likabula, 26-27.x.83, A. Freidberg // Holotype // Lomwerhinamalobana Det. Dr. A. Z. Lehrer, 2006 // SMNHTAU (TAUI) 318991.Material examined: Suppl. materials 507C1454-0812-58C2-8272-15DD628942AD=RhiniarugosaType locality: Sierra Leone. Bigot, 1888: 591. =StomorhinamitisType locality: South Africa, Natal [KwaZulu-Natal]. Curran, 1931: 18. =RhiniahyphenaType locality: Guinea. S\u00e9guy, 1958: 188. Afrotropical: Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Guinea , Kenya, Lesotho*, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Sudan (reported as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan), South Africa   and the pupa was found inside the caterpillar . Specimens were collected on flowers of Cussonia sp. and Poinsettia Graham in South Africa. S.mitis) found adults on daisy flowers in Eastern Victoria (Zimbabwe) in June 1932. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown, but Collection methods: Malaise, blue pan and light traps. In Namibia, it was collected with Malaise traps . Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 423. =SeseromyaType species: Muscapunctulata Wiedemann, 1819 , by original designation. Rondani, 1863: 32. =SynamphoneuraType species: Synamphoneuracuprina Bigot, 1887 , by original designation. Bigot, 1887: xiv. =IdiopsisType species: Idiopsisprasina Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889, by monotypy. Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889:153. =EusynamphoneuraType species: Idiaseriepunctata Loew, 1852 , by original designation. Townsend, 1917: 189. =SynamphoneuropsisType species: Synamphoneuropsisviridis Townsend, 1917, by original designation. Townsend, 1917: 199. E3529E35-7BB3-57C8-8C86-835894CE5BC5=DictyaaeneaType locality: \"Guinea\" Krieger, . =CosminadespressaType locality: Tanganyika [Tanzania], Usambara. Karsch, 1888: 377. =Cosminapunctulatavar.micropsType locality: Gold Coast [Ghana], N. territories [North East Region], Yapi. Malloch, 1926: 518. Afrotropical: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire*, Kenya*, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia*, Nigeria, South Africa . In Namibia, the species was associated with the Kwanso River floodplain, in Kenya to Ngorowa Gorge/Stream and Lukenya cliffs/bushveld and in Malawi, to the Acacia woodland. Recorded elevations: 24\u20131219 m a.s.l. Seasonality: highest abundance in November and March and lowest between April and October (absent in July). Behaviour and ecology: unknown. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: sweeping net and Malaise trap. Hand net in Mozambique and Malaise trap in Namibia. Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. Material examined: Suppl. materials Robineau-Desvoidy, 183063C97C22-17C9-53C8-9D4E-EA6D7C110601=CosminafuscipennisType locality: Cap de le bonne-Esp\u00e9rance . Remarks: type-series in MNHN, destroyed, not in remnants of Robineau-Desvoidy's collection. Robineau-Desvoide, 1830: 423. =MuscapunctulataType locality: Cape of Good Hope . Remarks: type-series in ZMUC. Wiedemann, 1819: 21. =CosminacuprinaType locality: Madagascar. Bigot, 1860: 539. =CosminaaethiopissaType locality: Kenya. S\u00e9guy, 1958: 176. Afrotropical: Botswana, ?Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, Oman, Seychelles, South Africa . A female was collected on pink flowers of Mesembryanthemaceae (Northern Cape). Additionally, the species was associated with vegetation and flowers near a riverbed and a rocky gentle N slope scrub with wild flowers. A male was collected as prey of Oxybeluslingula (Hymenoptera). Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: general sweeping and with Malaise, yellow pan and white pan traps. Hilltopping also with hand net. Eight females were collected with banana traps. In Namibia, it was collected with hand net and Malaise traps  / June 1817 // Mus. Westerm // [ZMUC 00025139]; 1 ? // Type // Mus. Westerm // [ZMUC 00025140].Material examined: Suppl. materials Curran, 19278F7C51D6-0B80-5744-AB7D-174FB85A8E1D=CosminagracilisType locality: South Africa, Barberton. Remarks: type-serie in SANC at ARC. Curran, 1927: 2. Afrotropical: Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa . The success of the pitfall-traps suggests ground-dwelling habit in adults .Material examined: Suppl. materials Peris, 195244335C1E-8313-5935-8588-B631D85E47C9=CosminamargaritaeType locality: Nyasaland [Malawi], Cholo. Remarks: type-series in NHMUK. Peris, 1952a: 229. Afrotropical: ?Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, ?Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique*, Namibia, ?Senegal, South Africa . In Namibia, also uncommon, present in November and December (one specimen each)  . Behavio Namibia . IllustrType material examined: C.undulata: 1 ? // Holo-type // Nigeria: / Ibadan. / 2.viii.1923. / A.W.J. Pomeroy // Pres. by / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 192x-94 // Cosmina / undulata / Type / Det / J.R. Malloch // [NHMUK 010579923].Material examined: Suppl. materials Malloch, 19262AE0E02B-956C-52BE-A340-94577CD21989=EurhyncomyiaType species: Xystaobtusa Bigot, 1891 = Eurhyncomyiadiversicolor  by original designation. Malloch, 1926: 513. 076590F4-867D-5EE2-A964-4E5338C1B4CE=RhyncomyadiversicolorType locality: Somalis [Somalia]. Remarks: LT in NHMUK, designated by Dear and Pont in the collection. Bigot, 1888: 595. =RhyncomyiabigotiType locality: South Africa, Natal [KwaZulu-Natal], Port Natal [Durban]. Villeneuve, 1913: 155. =EurhyncomyiathoracicaType locality: South Africa, Natal [KwaZulu-Natal], Port Shepstone. Curran, 1931: 21. Afrotropical: Mozambique, Namibia*, Somalia, South Africa  // Lectotype ? / Rhyncomyia / diversicolor / Bigot / Designated by / Dear and Pont. // BMNH (E) / #231121 // [NHMUK 010579922].Material examined: Suppl. materials 39A6728B-50F6-55AD-8AE7-3A054913158D=RhyncomyiametziType locality: South Africa, Natal Zululand [KwaZulu-Natal], Umfalozi Game Park. Remarks: HT and PTs in NMSA. Zumpt, 1981: 487 (see taxonomic notes). Afrotropical: South Africa  from Rhyncomya (bare). Another characteristic of Eurhyncomyia is that the aristal hairs are long and pubescent, the longest hairs slightly exceeding half the width of the post-pedicel, just as R.metzi, whereas in Rhyncomya, it is either bare or the hairs rarely exceed the width of the basal arista . 6 ?? // PARATYPE // SOUTH AFRICA, Natal / Zululand, Umfalozi / Game Park, 2831Bd / 21-VII-1973, ME Irwin // Rhyncomya ? / metzi Zumpt / det. Zumpt 80 //  // (N.M. Type No. 2437).Material examined: Suppl. material Walker, 18595EACCF31-9002-57CC-B0AC-81C6F2836794=IsomyiaType species: Muscadelectans Walker, 1859 by original designation and monotypy. Walker, 1859: 134. =StrongyloneuraType species: Strongyloneuraprasina Bigot, 1887  by monotypy. Bigot, 1886: xiv. =ThelychaetaType species: Thelychaetachalybea Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1891 = Isomyiaviridaurea  by monotypy. Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1891: 390. =ApolleniaType species: Pollenianudiuscula Bigot, 1911 = Phumosianudiuscula   by original designation. Bezzi, 1911: 79. =AnnaType species: Anna calliphoroides Malloch, 1926 by original designation Malloch, 1926: 520. =GerschiaType species: Isomyiaeos Zumpt, 1958 by original designation. Lehrer, 1970: 30. 470D1D6C-6992-5896-9DE6-FCB68461674B=StrongyloneuracuthbertsoniType locality: S. Rhodesia [Zimbabwe], Vumba Mts. Curran, 1938: 2. Afrotropical: Zimbabwe and South Africa* . In Zimbabwe, Strongyloneuracuthbertsoni) attracted to pollen of Rosaceae. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: sweeping, hand nets and Malaise trap. Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. Material exmained: Suppl. material 449A2D03-CC59-566A-83B1-66634A3A444F=StrongyloneuradarwiniType locality: S. Rhodesia [Zimbabwe]. Curran, 1938: 3. Afrotropical: Botswana, ?Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia, South Africa  and almost absent the rest of the year. In Namibia, it was present in low numbers (Behaviour and ecology: observed at flowers in Zimbabwe by Cuthbertson (1939) (as S.darwini) and also collected at flowers near Darwin (Zimbabwe) in March 1933 E9D0FDDD-193D-5E35-AE3E-BA1940B1CEFA=SomomyiadesertiType locality: [Tanzania]. Karsch, 1888: 378. =ThelychaetaversipellisType locality: Congo Belge [Democratic Republic of Congo], Kilimbi and Sankisia; Nyasaland [Malawi], Mt. Mlanje; Mozambique; South Africa. Remarks: PT in SAMC. Villeneuve, 1917: 344. Afrotropical: ?Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa 2249FFF7-3513-5945-8EB8-41274D22C16D=ThelychaetadistinguendaType locality: Congo Belge [Democratic Republic of Congo], Elisabethville [Lubumbashi] and Kundelungu; l'Afrique Orientale anglaise [Kenya], Nairobi. Villeneuve, 1917: 352. Afrotropical: Burundi Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Mozambique*, South Africa 4521E7C9-20FA-545E-95DF-094EDD725A84=IdiopsisbuccataType locality: South Africa, Pretoria. Bezzi, 1911: 73. =ThelychaetadubiosaType locality: Belgian Congo [Democratic Republic of Congo], Urwald Moera; British East Africa [Kenya], Wa-Taita Boura District. Villeneuve, 1917: 350. =ThelychaetaclaripennisType locality: Nyasaland [Malawi]; Southern Rhodesia [Zimbabwe], Salisbury [Harare]. Villeneuve, 1917: 350. =StrongyloneurasheppardiType locality: Southern Rhodesia [Zimbabwe], Balla-Balla. Curran, 1938: 3. =ApollenianasicaType locality: Kenya, Nairobi. S\u00e9guy, 1949: 131. =ApolleniapromulaType locality: Guinea, Nimba, Keoulenta. S\u00e9guy, 1949: 133. Afrotropical: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa  at the blossoms of a wild shrub during March and April near Balla Balla , Zimbabwe. Recorded elevations: no data. Seasonality: low numbers between October and December. In Zimbabwe, collected during March and April D590C67C-AD18-502A-B7C7-168E1522CA8F=ThelychaetalongicaudaType locality: South Africa, East London [Eastern Cape]; N. W. Tanganika [Decomocratic Republic of Congo]. Remarks: PT in SAMC. Villeneuve, 1917: 350. Afrotropical: Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa  in January and absent in February, April, May and October. Behaviour and ecology: unknown. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: Malaise and pan traps. Illustrations and photographs: female habitus as in Fig. m a.s.l. . SeasonaType material examined: T.longicauda: 1 ? // Paratype // E. London / Lightfoot / July 1914 // S.A.M // Thelychaeta / longicauda / Det. Villeneuve // [SAMC DIP A011144].Material examined: Suppl. materials 893FEC18-3FDF-58FA-8796-2C59E950D3E0=ThelychaetanatalensisType locality: South Africa, Natal [KwaZulu-Natal]. Villeneuve, 1917: 347. Afrotropical: Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa , straddling Mahai River, riverside in open road and environments with little anthropogenic intervention . In Namibia, the Mesic Savannah Biome 464ACE67-42CD-5E0A-97DF-9886AD0D8830=ThelychaetaoculosaType locality: South Africa and North-West Rhodesia [Zambia], Chilanga R. Remarks: STs in NHMUK and PT in SAMC. Villeneuve, 1917: 342.Afrotropical: Sierra Leone, South Africa  on twigs and trunks of trees in a dense forest at the Chirinda Forest, Vumba Mountains (in Cloudlands), Kadoma (as Gatooma) and Eastern Victoria. Recorded elevations: no data. Seasonality: uncommon species with only three specimens recorded in November. Behaviour and ecology: unknown. Life cycle anddevelopmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: in Zambia and Zimbabwe, collected inside houses. Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. Type material examined: T.oculosa: 1 ? SYN-TYPE // 24/9/13 / Chilanga R. / W. Lusaka; N.W.R. / (R.C.W.) / in house // R.C. Wood // Pres. by / Com. Inst. Ent. / B.M. 1956-102 // [NHMUK 010580057]. 1 ? SYN-TYPE // 25/09/13 M / Chilanga / N.W. Rhodesia / (R.C.W) / 4030 / in house // Pres. by / Com. Inst. Ent. / B.M. 1956-102 // Thelychaeta / oculosa Villen / Villeneuve det. // [NHMUK 010580055]. T.oculosa: 1 ? Para-Type // Bulawayo / 10.ix.1910 / E.C. Chubb / caught in house // S. Afri. Mus. // 119 // Thelychaeta / oculosa / Type Villeneuve // [SAMC DIP A011149].Material examined: Suppl. materials 63E8DB1E-CED2-5BF9-8E8A-74FEDEBD9E40=ThelychaetapuberaType locality: British East Africa [Kenya], Eldoret; South Africa, Kloof [Durban]; North-West Tanganyka [Tanzania]; Uganda, Entebbe. Villeneuve, 1917: 340. =ThelychaetajactatrixType locality: Belgian Congo [Democratic Republic of Congo], Stanleyville [Kisangani]. Villeneuve, 1917: 343. =ThelychaetavilleneuveiType locality: Democratic Republic of Congo [Belgian Congo], Stanleyville [Kisangani]. Curran, 1927: 3. =StrongyloneuracupreithoraxType locality: South Africa, Transvaal [Gauteng], Pretoria, Barberton. Curran, 1931: 1. Afrotropical: Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, South Africa 48CF351C-43C9-563A-81FC-2B8513FD4A81=CurtonevratristisType locality: South Africa, Port-Natal [Durban]. Remarks: HT in NHMUK and LT in SAMC. Bigot, 1888: 613. =ApolleniapsophisType locality: Mozambique, Macequece. S\u00e9guy, 1933: 74. Afrotropical: Angola*, Botswana, Cameroon*, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, ?Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa , savannahs (Acacia and dry open), forests , areas associated with forests , bush , grasslands, amongst others. Additionally, caravan park, grotto near farm, thornveld camp ground. In Mozambique, it was associated with gallery forest. In Namibia, associated with the Mesic Savannah and the Succulent Karoo Biomes  , grassveld flowering daisies Leucosidea dominated scrub and euphorbias out of the forest in South Africa. In the Eastern Cape, one male was dropped at nest entrance by Bembixalbofasciata F. Smith and ex-nest of Dasyproctusbraunsii (Kohl) (as D.ruficaudis (Arnold)). Females were observed on fresh cattle dung in Zimbabwe by Strongyloneuratristis). Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: sweeping, at bait, M/V light trap, yellow and white pans and Malaise traps. In Namibia, using yellow pan and pitfall traps  . Behavioll traps . IllustrType material examined: C.tristis: 1 ? // Holo / type // Curtoneura / tristis Bigot / Port-Natal / ex. Bigot Coll: / B.M.1960-539. // Genus / Apollenia / Bezzi / det. Villen. // BMNH(E) # 231136 // [NHMUK 010832105]. 1 ? Durban / Natal // Pres. by / Com. Imp. Bur. Ent. // 1917-94 // Thelychaeta / Dr Villeneuve det. / tristis / sec type. Bigot // 861 // [NHMUK 010832122]. 1 ? // Marley / Jan. 1915 / P. Port Shepstone // Apollenia / tristis Bigot. / Lec Type // S.A. Museum. // [SAMC DIP A011159]. 1 ? / K/Kloof / Marley / 1-15 // S.A. Museum // Apollenia / tristis /sec.type Bigot / det. Villeneuve // [SAMC DIP A015196].Material examined: Suppl. materials Peris, 19527B0E45B7-ED90-59F2-A566-BD28FC6ED047=PseudorhyncomyiaType species: Rhyncomyiabraunsi Villeneuve, 1920, by original designation. Peris, 1952: 58. AEBAB651-7040-556F-A836-8F9F6C0EBA1A=RhyncomyiabraunsiType locality: South Africa, Cape Province [Western Cape], Willowmore. Remarks: LT in NMSA, designated by Zumpt (1958: 124). Villeneuve, 1920: 158. Afrotropical: Namibia, South Africa , by original designation. Townsend, 1917: 195. =DoljiaType species: Doljiaviridicauda \u0160uster, 1953 ), by monotypy. Suster, 1953: 769. =SokotraType species: Rhyncomyiavarifrons Beckerm 1910, by original designation. Lehrer, 1970: 32. 4426160D-035A-5CB3-BD61-C9BEAA74689F=IdiabicolorType locality: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope [Western Cape]. Remarks: HT in NHMUK. Macquart, 1844: 124. =RhyncomyacrinicaudaType locality: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope [Western Cape]. Remarks: HT in SAMC. Villeneuve, 1927: 22. Afrotropical: Namibia and South Africa  Seigler and Ebinger on red sand. Recorded elevations: 1035 m a.s.l. Seasonality: a single specimen collected between September and November. Behaviour and ecology: unknown. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: Malaise trap. Illustrations and photography: male habitus as in Fig. Type material examined: R.botswanae: 1 ? // Holo-type // Botswanhoa (B11) / Moremi Reserve, / 19\u00ba23'S, 23\u00ba33'E / 18-20.iv.1972 // Southern / African Exp. / B.M.1972-1 // slide no. 38 // Rhyncomya ? / botswanae n.sp / Zumpt 1973 // Slide prep.: / 010194475 // [NHMUK 010832201]. R.botswanae: 1 ? // Para-type // Botswana (B7) / Kuke Pan, / 20\u00ba56'S, 22\u00ba25'E / 14-15.iv.1972 // Southern / African Exp. / B.M.1972-1 // slide no. 82 // Rhyncomya ? / botswanae n. sp / Zumpt 1973 // Slide prep.: / 010194473 // [NHMUK 010832200]Material examined: Suppl. materials Villeneuve, 1927A3EE2B8F-CAC1-584F-B061-C1CFA2D8CE55=RhyncomyabuccalisType locality: Congo Belge [Democratic Republic of Congo], Mufungwa; South Africa. Villeneuve, 1927: 24. Afrotropical: Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania*, Uganda and Zambia*.Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. No specimens examined for South Africa, based on Material examined: Suppl. material 5877F280-DE75-5DBE-A7D6-D8027A9013A6=TachinacassotisType locality: Sierra Leone. Remarks: HT in NHMUK. Walker, 1849: 761. Afrotropical: Angola*, Benin*, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Mali, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa , Gatooma and Salisbury (now Harare) in Zimbabwe. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: Malaise traps and MV light. In Benin, Cameroon, Togo, Zambia and Zimbabwe, Malaise trap; Democratic Republic of Congo and Mozambique by sweeping net. In Namibia, by hand net, yellow pans, pitfalls and Malaise traps  // [NHMUK 010832158].Material examined: Suppl. materials Zumpt, 19587C5A3225-3B07-506C-A681-F724B0751FCB=RhyncomyapollinosaType locality: South Africa, Transvaal [Gauteng], Pretoria. Remarks: nec. R.pollinosa Townsend 1917. Remarks: HT in SANC. Curran, 1931: 20. =RhyncomyacurraniType locality: South Africa, Transvaal [Gauteng], Pretoria. Remarks: new replacement name for R.pollinosa Curran, 1931 by Zumpt in 1958; HT and AT in SANC at ARC. Zumpt, 1958: 144. Afrotropica: South Africa  in August 1938 in the Gota Gota camp, Zimbabwe. Cuthbertson (1939) recorded specimens on flowers in Urungwe, Lomagundi District. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: in Namibia, with pitfall and Malaise traps  riverine and sand forest, mixed Bushveld-grass and Kathu Bushveld to the Olifants River near Balule riparian woodland and Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld., Gordonia Plains Schrubland and Savanah Biome to Mesinda. In Kenya, the dry Acacia savannah, rocks and river margins. In Namibia, the indigenous and degraded sand forest, Miombo and Mopane Woodlands, Kwando River and open savannah floodplain and cultivated plots. Additionally, reported as restricted to Arid and Mesic Savannah Biome in Namibia  Hook.fil. (Celastraceae) and in the foliage of citrus trees infested with soft scales  in Balla Balla , Zimbabwe. Females were observed depositing eggs around cattle-dung infested by termites in late afternoon FB24A003-897F-5180-939A-4440A8F32F8F=BeriainflataType locality: Cape [South Africa]. Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 418. =RhyncomyaelegantulaType locality: Congo Belge [Democratic Republic of Congo], Kashiobwe. Villeneuve, 1927: 20. Afrotropical: Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique* and South Africa.Pont (1980). Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. No specimens examined, based on Material examined: Suppl. material Villeneuve, 1920EFCAC215-D510-5CEC-91F0-645363317060=RhyncomyainterclusaType locality: South Africa, Western Cape [Capland], Willowmore. Remarks: PT in NMSA and PLT . Behaviour and ecology: on Ruschiarobusta L. Bolus pink flowers. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: Malaise and yellow pan traps. Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. rt Biome . RecordeType material examined: R.interclusa: 1 ? // PARA- / LECTO- / TYPE / Capland / Willowmore, Mai 5 1920 / Dr. Brauns // Pres By / Com Inst Ent / B M 1953-354 // Rhyncomyia / interclusa / Villen. // Paralectotype ? / See Zumpt, 1958 / Explor Parq Nati. / Albert Miss. G.F. / de Witte, 92:156 // [NHMUK 010832194]. 1 ? // Capland / Willowmore / M\u00e4rz 1926 / Dr. H. Brauns // PARATYPE // Rhyncomyia ? / interclusa Vill. / det. Zumpt // [NMSA-DIP 19961].Material examined: Suppl. materials Macquart, 1846B3833533-0D0D-5064-902F-F4F17392278E=RhyncomyiamaculataType locality: Cape [South Africa]. Macquart, 1846: 322. Afrotropical: South Africa  // Rhyncomyia / messoria / Typ. Villen. // Kilwa / 28- XII.11 // [RMCA ENT 000012156].Material examined: Suppl. materials Villeneuve, 1927A38C4C3C-B9F9-5427-B01A-52E909A08785=RhyncomyaminutalisType locality: Cape [South Africa]. Villeneuve, 1927: 22. Afrotropical: Namibia and South Africa . Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: unknown. Illustrations and photography: male habitus as in Fig. Type material examined: R.paradoxa: 1 ? //Holotype // Resolution / Albany District / 21.ii.1928 / A. Walton // slide no. 88 // [NMSA-DIP 20008] - NMSA Type 2077. 1 ? // Garies / Namaqualand // Museum Staff /June 1930 // slide no. 89 // PARATYPE // Rhyncomyia ? / paradoxa n.sp. / Zumpt, 1956 // Slide number / SAM 4A9 // [SAM-DIP A011222]. 1 ? // Uitenhage / De Hoek / 1x.3.19 / H.K. Munro // PARATYPE // slide no.60 // Rhyncomyia ? / paradoxa n. sp / det. Zumpt 56 // SANC-Pretoria / Database No. / DIPT00302 // \"Slide not available in the collection\".Material examined: Suppl. material Zumpt and Stimie, 196524833E90-876E-594A-AD0C-42468F422012=RhyncomyaparatristisType locality: South Africa, Zululand Natal [KwaZulu-Natal], Ndumu Reserve, Ingwavuma District. Remarks: HT and PTs in NMSA. Zumpt and Stimie, 1965: 9. Afrotropical: South Africa , forests , grasslands , savannah, Kalahari thornveld and rural and urban environments, such as the Albany Museum grounds, camp site areas and sewage-seepage areas. In Kenya, Kenyan dry forest; in Malawi, forest edge, margins and grasslands; in Namibia, the Kwando River floodplain, Miombo and mopane woodlands and open savannah floodplain. Almost all Namibian biomes, except the Hyper-Arid Desert and Succulent Karoo Biomes  in the savannah forest of Zimbabwe (as R.pictifacies) . Females were observed ovipositing in rich soil at the edge of fresh cow-dung, Eastern Victoria, Zimbabwe. Additionally, R.soyauxi was caught together with Bembixalbofasciata and Bembixmelanopa as their prey. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown, but R.pruinosa, cream-coloured, sausage-shaped and about 1.75 mm long. Collection methods: Malaise and light traps, MV and black light trap and sweeping. In Botswana, Malaise traps; in Kenya, general sweeping, Malaise and migration traps. In Namibia, with yellow, blue and white pans, pitfall and Malaise traps, hand net, sweeping, UV-light and McPhail traps baited with Nu-Lure  . Peris  // [ZMHB].Material examined: Suppl. materials Speiser, 191060467187-EE05-547B-A0F3-C2C89B9905BD=RhyncomyastannocupreaType locality: Tanganyika [Tanzania], Meru Kilimandjaro. Speiser, 1910: 150. =Rhyncomyiastannocupreaabyssinica Peris, 1951: 244. Type locality: Abyssinia [Ethiopia], Gatelo Amaizu. spp. Afrotropical: Kenya, Ethiopia, Malawi*, Namibia*, South Africa ) dung ) dung . Life cysweeping . IllustrType material examined: R.trispina: 1 ? // Holo- / type // Bulawayo / S. Rhodesia / 25.ix.1923 / Coll. R. Stevenson // Pres. by / Com. Inst. Ent. / B.M. 1955-504 // Rhyncomyia / trispina / type Villen. // [NHMUK 010832199].Material examined: Suppl. materials S\u00e9guy, 19332A62478F-19B2-559F-989D-79F3FACA1302=RhynchomyiatristisType locality: Mozambique, Zamb\u00e8ze [Zambezi], N. Chupanga [Nova-Chupanga]. Remarks: HT and PT in MNHN. S\u00e9guy, 1933: 67. Afrotropical: Botswana, Chad, Namibia, Nigeria, Mozambique, South Africa*  sensu Zumpt (1958) (see discussion). Villeneuve, 1927: 18 (see taxonomic notes). Afrotropical: South Africa . Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. Taxonomic notes: Rhyncomyaviduellastat. rev. is reinstated as a valid species. Previously listed as a synonym of R.cassotis  by Zumpt (1958), R.viduellastat. rev. is characterised by a dark fronto-orbital plate and parafacial, a parafacial and genal-dilatation covered by black setulae, an abdomen predominately dark with small testaceous fringe in the posterior tergites border and a body length of 7-9 mm. In contrast, the typical morphotype of R.cassotis is represented by having a yellow-golden fronto-orbital plate and parafacial, a bare parafacial, genal-dilatation covered with pale setulae, a predominately yellow abdomen with variable dark patterns on tergites 4 to 5 and a body length of 4-7 mm. Thus, the morphologies of R.viduellastat. rev. and R.cassotis indicate that they are distinct species, as Zumpt (1958) considered that R.viduellastat. rev. was probably a dark morphotype of R.cassotis because he did not find differences between the male terminalia of the dark and light morphotypes and remarked that the taxonomic status of the forms is not quite clear, an opinion he also held regarding the readily distinguishable species Chrysomyachloropyga  and Chrysomyaputoria  .Type material examined: R.viduella: 1 ? // Barberton / Transvaal /H Edwards // Dec 1911 // Rhyncomyia / viduella / ? Type // [SAMC DIP A011183].Material examined: Suppl. material Loew, 18639A0DE24C-5BB1-5ADB-A752-322C8C5B7FF6=StegosomaType species: Stegosomavinculatum Loew, 1863, by monotypy. Loew, 1863: 15. Peris, 1951A6368ED3-51BD-57EA-932C-7B04657FBEAE=StegosomabowdeniType locality: Golden Coast [Ghana], Mampong. Remarks: HT and PT in NHMUK and PTs in NMSA. Peris, 1951: 239. Afrotropical: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Kenya*, Nigeria, South Africa  / 12.iv.1947 / J. Bowden // Stegosoma / bowdeni / n.sp. / S-V. Peris 1948 // [NHMUK]. 5 ?? // GOLD COAST / Mampong / (Ashanti) / 12.iv.1947 / J. Bowden / 451/47 // Ovipositing in / opened mount /of macrotermes // NB Par-of / onqunalantes: / presumably rank as / Paratypes J.B. // Stegosoma / bowdeni / n.sp. / S-V. Peris 1948 // [NMSA DIP 019516].Material examined: Suppl. materials Loew, 186388FE79F2-261F-5367-A5E8-DC1FC884F553=StegosomavinculatumType locality: South Africa, Orange Free State [Free State], Bloemfontein. Loew, 1863: 15. Afrotropical: Benin, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa  DC. and Heteromorphatrifoliate (Wendl.) Eckl. and Zeyh. In Namibia, it was collected and observed on yellow flowers of Zygophyllumsimples I. Gymnosporia sp. (as Gymosporia [sic]). Attracted to open termite nest, ex termite nest of Trinervitermes (Isoptera), pinned with termite. Additionally in South Africa, Zumpt (1958) recorded that one male was reared from the nest of Trinervitermeshavilandi Fuller ) in Johannesburg. In Namibia, females were exclusively attracted to broken termite nests (Trinervitermes: T. ?T.rapulum (Sj\u00f6stedt), T. ?T.rhodesiensis (Sj\u00f6stedt) and Trinervitermes sp. ) burrows. Phacochoerusafricanus (Gmelin)) burrow) in Nigeria. Females were observed laying eggs in soil and detritus at the bottom of the burrows in termite nests made by aardvarks  and were fully incubated at the moment of deposition in the soil. Newly hatched larvae measure 2.5 mm, and are able to burrow quickly downwards into the soil and termite-debris, where they develop to the pupal stage in 4\u20135 days. The live cycle in Mbalabala was between 14\u201317 days in April, 1933\". In laboratory conditions, larvae were reared by supplying worker termites daily, but Collection methods: Malaise trap. In Namibia, with Malaise and pitfall traps and sweeping 4BB92558-38CC-5022-BA36-1E3A8A35D8E9=RhynchomyiawellmaniType locality: Angola, Benguella. Lichtwardt, 1908: 338. Afrotropical: Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic*, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa E84C3C05-DE7C-5FD8-BABE-EF7F35A59C84=OchromyiapetersianaType locality: South Africa, Zululand [KwaZulu-Natal], Mtubatuba. Loew, 1852: 660. =ThoracitesneglectusType locality: South Africa, Zululand [KwaZulu-Natal], Mtubatuba. Remarks: HT in NMSA. Zumpt, 1972: 49. Afrotropical: South Africa . Behaviour and ecology: unknown. Life cycle and developmental stages: unknown. Collection methods: Malaise trap. Illustrations and photographs: male habitus as in Fig. Type material examined: T.neglectus: 1 ? // Holotypus // Mtubatuba / Zululand / May 1941 / H.K. Munro // slide no. 95 // Thoracites / neglectus n. sp. / Zumpt 1972 // [NMSA-DIP 019669].Material examined: Suppl. material Kurahashi, 2001E55AD062-20BB-5E68-A6F6-719E3A2D3BD6=ThoracitessarcophagoidesType locality: Namibia, West Caprivi PK, Kwando River. Kurahashi, 2001: 155. Afrotropical: Namibia and South Africa*  on red sand in the Savannah Biome. Recorded elevations: 1035 m a.s.l. Seasonality: only one specimen between September and November. In Namibia, recorded year-round, most abundant from December to February and September  and Malaise traps and in fresh African elephant dung , by original designation. Townsend, 1933: 439. Lehrer, 20071854855F-573B-53AA-BE9B-395398BD1FDC=TrichoberiakamitaType Locality: South Africa, Natal [KwaZulu-Natal], St. Lucia Park. Lehrer, 2007: 13. Afrotropical: South Africa.Illustrations and photography: male terminalia as in fig. 132 in No specimens examined for South Africa, based on CFE4E541-3321-54EF-B0E1-518E9292CE82=RhyncomyalanataType locality: Congo Belge [Democratic Republic of Congo]. Villeneuve, 1920: 162. =TrichoberiarufopilosaType locality: Guinea. Townsend, 1933: 440. Afrotropical: Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa* 2B9CE393-2C1F-5280-83E4-308A27F21ED1=RhyncomyiaantennalisType locality: South West Africa [Namibia]. Remarks: LT in SAMC designated by Zumpt 1958. Villeneuve, 1929: 185. =PseudorhyncomyiadeserticolaType locality: South West Africa [Namibia], Gobabeb. Remarks: HT in NMSA. Zumpt and Argo, 1978: 35. Afrotropical: Namibia and South Africa , most abundant from November to February  and roadside flowers. In Namibia, observed visiting pink flowers of the dwarf shrub Hermannia sp. . Collection methods: Malaise traps. In Namibia, by hand net and sweeping on flowering bush, UV-light, pitfall, pans  and Malaise traps   , increasapicalis , R.pruinpruinosa , S.vincunculatum , S.cribrcribrata  and S.luS.lunata .Pseudorhyncomyia and Stegosoma, several species of Stomorhina and a few species of Rhyncomya show some level of association with termites  showed different associations with wasps , as both adults and larvae were collected inside nests and females were observed attending nests. This suggests an ecological relationship between Rhinia and these wasps, the nature of which remains unknown. Four other species  showed a relationship with soft, turned or humus-rich soil, as several females were reported ovipositing in soil , followed by Isomyia (seven species out of 12). They presented associations with indigenous plant species and different crops, suggesting that they are potentially important pollinators in different environments. To our knowledge, no studies on the role of Rhiniinae as pollinators have been conducted.The abundance of adult ly Table , generalRhiniinae belonging to twelve genera are now known for South Africa, nine of which are new records . Of the 73 species, 66 were examined  and the other seven were assessed exclusively on literature records.Seventy-three species of Rhiniinae fauna known for the Afrotropical Region  extend to the southern Palaearctic Region  and the Australasian Region  of South Africa ) ) .Pseudorhyncomyia spp. and Trichoberia spp.). Attraction traps, such as pan traps, are useful for collecting flower-visiting species, behaviour commonly reported for many Rhiniinae, whereas pitfall traps are useful for capturing species with ground-dwelling habits, such as Cosminagracilis  and pitfall trapping  and Luciliacuprina   for South Africa, are clear evidence of this.Compared with other African countries, South Africa has had a broad sampling effort as indicated by the almost 3,000 collected specimens. However, sampling has been uneven. KwaZulu-Natal has been extensively sampled and showed the largest number of collected individuals and diversity of species, while the Free State, Northern Cape and North West Provinces have the lowest, showing that more collection effort is necessary in the central areas of the country. This is clearly evident in most of the distribution maps for each species and was very well illustrated in a trapping and mapping study of the common and economically significant calliphorids n, 1830) . In relan, 1830) . The NamDiptera of South Africa is vast, collection expeditions and research have never focused specifically on Rhiniinae. In this context, thorough revisions, based on specimens housed in entomological collections, such as the one presented here, are very useful for gathering information that would otherwise be scattered and lost across different institutions. Our main findings and contributions include nine new records for South Africa, one new combination, one reinstated species and significant information on the life habits and ecology of the group, all of which form a base for productive future expeditions and studies focused on Rhiniinae. In particular, future studies should focus on the taxonomic value of the immature stages, exploring the ecological association of some species of Rhiniinae with termites, ants, wasps and soils rich in organic matter and the phylogeny of the family. Promoting and training local taxonomists on Diptera would be important to increase our knowledge of this complex group.Overall, although knowledge on the E1D44406-0B75-54FF-89F3-DCD3E621894110.3897/BDJ.10.e72764.suppl17538293Supplementary material 1Rhiniinae  from South AfricaMaterial examined of Data typegeoreferences, occurrences and information from specimen labels.File: oo_737008.tsvhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/737008Thomas-Cabianca A, Villet MH, Mat\u00ednez-S\u00e1nchez A, Rojo S52CE0A35-A2F7-5ECC-B6E2-D84728026D5010.3897/BDJ.10.e72764.suppl2Supplementary material 2Rhiniinae  from the Afrotropical Region (excluding South Africa)Material examined of Data typedata from specimen labels.File: oo_737009.tsvhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/737009Thomas-Cabianca A, Villet MH, Mart\u00ednez-S\u00e1nchez A, Rojo S19FBD76E-FF0E-54CC-AD75-19732E75A85210.3897/BDJ.10.e72764.suppl3Supplementary material 3Georeferences of the localities of South AfricaData typegeoreferences.Brief descriptionGeoreferences of the localities of South Africa, with modification and accurate spelling of South African places recorded in the labels data of the material examined (cited in Appendix I). Abbreviations used in the tables: AFMD: added from museum data; AFOL: added from other label; DL: data provided by the labels; GE: data georeferenced with Google Earth; JLDB: data provided from Jason Londt database; ML: data provided by the museum; N/D: no data; QDGS: quarter degree grid square for South Africa.File: oo_575732.tsvhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/575732Thomas-Cabianca A, Villet MH, Mart\u00ednez-S\u00e1nchez A, Rojo S"}
{"text": "Plant Physiology, Volume 173, Issue 2, February 2017, Pages 1502\u20131518, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.01305At the time of publication, the authors mistakenly omitted an additional affiliation for Xinna Liu: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (X.L.), Beijing 100049, China."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Gargi Dhar. The correct citation is: Teka M, Dhar G, Dana T, Asnake G, Wakgari N, Bonger Z, et al. (2022) Satisfaction with regular hospital foodservices and associated factors among adult patients in Wolaita zone, Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 17(3): e0264163."}
{"text": "As the risk for concomitant COVID-19 infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV) remains largely unknown, we explored a large national database to identify risk factors for COVID-19 infection among PLHIV.Using the COVID-19 OPTUM de-identified national multicenter database, we identified 29,393 PLHIV with either a positive HIV test or documented HIV ICD9/10 codes. Using a multiple logistic regression model, we compared risk factors among PLHIV, who tested positive for COVID-19  and those who tested negative  from January 20, 2020, to January 20, 2022. We then compared secondary outcomes including hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, and death within 30 days of test among the 2 cohorts, adjusting for COVID-19 positivity and covariates. We adjusted all models for the following covariates: age, gender, race, ethnicity, U.S. region, insurance type, adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Body Mass Index (BMI), and smoking status.Among PLHIV, factors associated with higher odds for acquiring COVID-19  included lower age  of 0.8 and 0.75, P= 0.001), female gender , Hispanic White ethnicity/race , Asian , and African American  [compared to non-Hispanic White], living in the U.S. South , being uninsured , higher CCI , higher BMI category , and noncurrent smoking status . Compared to PLHIV who tested negative for COVID-19, PLHIV who tested positive, had an OR 1.01 for hospitalization (P = 0.79), 1.03 for ICU stay (P=0.73), and 1.47 for death (P=0.001).Our study found that among PLHIV, being Hispanic, living in the South, lacking insurance, having higher BMI, and higher CCI scores were associated with increased odds of testing positive for COVID-19. PLHIV who tested positive for COVID-19 had higher odds of death.Christoph U. Lehmann, MD, Celanese: Stocks/Bonds|Markel: Stocks/Bonds|Springer: Honoraria|UTSW: Employee Jeremy Y. Chow, M.D., M.S., Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Translational Psychiatry 10.1038/s41398-022-02115-5, published online 25 August 2022Correction to: The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the references. Reference 91 refers to:Kiemes A, Gomes FV, Cash D, Uliana DL, Simmons C, Singh N, et al. GABAA and NMDA receptor density alterations and their behavioral correlates in the gestational methylazoxymethanol acetate model for schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;47:687\u201395. However, it should refer to: Kiemes A, Serrano Navacerrada ME, Kim E, Randall K, Simmons C, Rojo Gonzalez L et al. Erbb4 deletion from fast-spiking interneurons causes psychosis-relevant neuroimaging phenotypes. bioRxiv. 2022: 2022.2003.2007.483347. The original article has been corrected accordingly."}
{"text": "Lysiteles Simon, 1895 is one of the largest taxa with small body size among the Thomisidae and is mainly distributed in East, South and Southeast Asia. Most of them are recorded from southern provinces of China, such as Jiangxi Province, including three species. However, all of them are only discovered from Jinggang Mountain National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province. But there are still other species remaining unknown which need to be surveyed from other areas in this Province.Lysiteles species was collected from Nanfengmian National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province. Based on morphological characters, it was recognised as a new species and has been named as Lysitelesnanfengmiansp. n. It is described and illustrated with photographs and its distribution is also mapped.One  Lysiteles Simon, 1895 usually live in shrubs, grasses, tree foliage and leaf litter, sometimes in canopy , Bhutan (ten) and Nepal (eight) . Other cAgelenidae  and are given in millimetres. The body lengths of all specimens exclude the chelicerae and spinnerets. Terminology of the male and female genitalia follows Leg measurements are given as total length . The abbreviations used in the figures and text are as follows: ALE \u2212 anterior lateral eye, AME \u2212 anterior median eye, At \u2212 atrium, CD \u2212 copulatory ducts, CO \u2212 copulatory openings, d \u2212 dorsal, Em \u2212 embolus, Fe \u2212 femur, MOA \u2212 median ocular area, p \u2212 prolateral, Pa \u2212 patella, PLE \u2212 posterior lateral eye, PME \u2212 posterior median eye, r \u2212 retrolateral, RTA \u2212 retrolateral tibial apophysis, Se \u2212 septum, Spe \u2212 spermathecae, Ti \u2212 tibia, TR \u2212 Tegular ridge, v \u2212 ventral, VTA \u2212 ventral tibial apophysis.Liusp. n.5E97CDC1-B222-5EFE-B252-C5651C417D0BEE0E97F7-088A-40E9-AA49-04F9C9E8F798Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Liu Ke-Ke; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: FB98876F-2A09-520E-A579-173D2584BA7B; Taxon: scientificName: Lysitelesnanfengmian Liu, sp. n.; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Jiangxi; locality: Ji\u2019an City, Suichuan County, Nanfengmian National Nature Reserve, Daijiabu Station, Shahu Village, Fengshuao; verbatimElevation: 1071 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26\u00b016'1.33\"N, 114\u00b03'47.53\"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; eventDate: 28/06/2022Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Liu Ke-Ke; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: BB9DAF8E-5DD6-5AB4-BD63-90663760BE52; Taxon: scientificName: Lysitelesnanfengmian Liu, sp. n.; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Jiangxi; locality: Ji\u2019an City, Suichuan County, Nanfengmian National Nature Reserve, Daijiabu Station, Shahu Village, Fengshuao; verbatimElevation: 1071 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26\u00b016'1.33\"N, 114\u00b03'47.53\"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; eventDate: 28/06/2022Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Liu Ke-Ke; individualCount: 4; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: B716A5F2-00A8-533A-A8BA-962217465B8B; Taxon: scientificName: Lysitelesnanfengmian Liu, sp. n.; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Jiangxi; locality: Ji\u2019an City, Suichuan County, Nanfengmian National Nature Reserve, Daijiabu Station, Shahu Village, Fengshuao; verbatimElevation: 1071 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26\u00b016'1.33\"N, 114\u00b03'47.53\"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; eventDate: 28/06/2022Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Liu Ke-Ke; individualCount: 4; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 5EA24413-7755-5D56-9503-D509339C7DD4; Taxon: scientificName: Lysitelesnanfengmian Liu, sp. n.; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Jiangxi; locality: Ji\u2019an City, Suichuan County, Nanfengmian National Nature Reserve, Daijiabu Station, Qianmo Village, Dapingli; verbatimElevation: 1096 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26\u00b017'44.2\"N, 114\u00b04'29.74\"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; eventDate: 28/06/2022Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Liu Ke-Ke; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 43300CF0-FE44-5008-836C-337E5D52EC3B; Taxon: scientificName: Lysitelesnanfengmian Liu, sp. n.; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Jiangxi; locality: Ji\u2019an City, Suichuan County, Nanfengmian National Nature Reserve, Dafen Station, Gaoxing Village, Shiziao; verbatimElevation: 913 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26\u00b020'28.85\"N, 114\u00b05'27.47\"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; eventDate: 27/06/2022Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Liu Ke-Ke; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 0D27B20F-5394-57C3-A7E4-11E35C95D4FE; Taxon: scientificName: Lysitelesnanfengmian Liu, sp. n.; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Jiangxi; locality: Ji\u2019an City, Suichuan County, Nanfengmian National Nature Reserve, Dafen Station, Gaoxing Village, Shiziao; verbatimElevation: 913 m; verbatimCoordinates: 26\u00b020'28.85\"N, 114\u00b05'27.47\"E; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; eventDate: 27/06/2022Male (holotype)  Figs , 4A, B. pe) Figs A, B 1.68Colouration Fig. A and B. Palp Fig. . Tibia wFemale  and the anterior part of embolus with 1.5 spirals (vs 1.25 in L.torsivus). The female of the new species resembles those of L.auriculatus Tang, Yin, Peng, Ubick & Griswold, 2008  and the spermathecal end directed at 7 o\u2019clock .The male of this new species is similar to that of so, 2006  the caraThe specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.Known only from the type locality in Jiangxi Province, China Fig. .Lysiteles species, one of the interesting findings is that some of them can be assigned in one sub-group by the embolus with a spiral or strongly curved tip and the large RTA longer than the tibia and the female epigyne with the distinct septum dividing the atrium into two large parts, including L.arcuatus Tang, Yin, Peng, Ubick & Griswold, 2008, L.auriculatus, L.corrugus Tang, Yin, Peng, Ubick & Griswold, 2008, L.dentatus Tang, Yin, Peng, Ubick & Griswold, 2007, L.dianicus Song & Zhao, 1994, L.qiuae Song & Wang, 1991, L.silvanus Ono, 1980, L.spirellus, L.subdianicus Tang, Yin, Peng, Ubick & Griswold, 2008, L.subspirellus and L.torsivus (When we collected all illustrated descriptions of the torsivus . Maybe i"}
{"text": "Epinephelusrankini, described from the waters off Western Australia, has long been regarded as a junior synonym of Epinephelusmultinotatus. However, the two species are discernible as distinct species on the basis of their morphological characteristics and genetic differences by the holotype material and non-type of specimens.The grouper Epinephelusrankini is considered as a valid species and re-described based on the examination of the holotype and additional specimens. Epinephelusrankini can be distinguished from the closely-related species E.multinotatus by the following combination of characters: body dark greyish-brown to chocolate with irregular white blotches , absence of small dark brown spots . Furthermore, genetic differences between the two species strongly support the validity of both species based on molecular analysis . In addition based on the sampling range, E.rankini was observed range from the Abrolhos Islands of Western Australia to south-eastern Indonesia, while E.multinotatus ranges from the Persian Gulf to southern Mozambique.In this study,  Epinephelidae, known as groupers, comprises more than 170 species in 16 genera  is the most diverse, containing approximately 90 valid species    , Epinepheluscraigi , Epinephelustankahkeei  and others being identified as new species  , Epinephr, 1870) , Epinephl, 1842)  being re species . This reEpinephelusrankini Whitley, 1945 was first collected by Mr. F. J. Rankin in the Onslow, Western Australia in late 1944 and then described by Epinephelusmultinotatus   gene] between these two species also strongly support this conclusion. In this paper, we describe the morphological and genetic differences between E.multinotatus and E.rankini and re-describe E.rankini and E.multinotatus as well.uritius) . BetweenE.multinotatus and E.rankini. Specimens of E.rankini from Indonesia and the type locality, as well as specimens of E.multinotatus from Maldives, Seychelles, Africa and Mauritius  were also examined. The sampling information is listed in Suppl. materials E.rankini and E.multinotatus as percentages of standard length are listed in Table Specimens from western Indian Ocean, Western Australia and southeast Indonesia were examined, including the holotypes Fig.  of E.mulE.rankini, E.multinotatus and closely-related species was isolated from fresh dorsal-fin rays using a standard phenol-chloroform protocol and the ethanol precipitation method and then preserved at -20\u00b0C. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI were amplified using a pair of primers  by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)  . PCR reahttp://www.genecodes.com) software and then the shared 642 bp were extracted from each sequence for subsequent analysis. The intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were calculated using the Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distance model with MEGA 11  and Epinephelusflavocaeruleus , which clustered with E.multinotatus in the same branch, for analysis together, and Epinepheluschlorostigma  and Epinephelusareolatus , another sister branch that shares a common ancestor with E.multinotatus, as outgroup. The PhyML tree was analysed using the online (http://species.h-its.org/ptp/) version of the programme bPTP . The specific nucleotide substitution is presented in parentheses and the results are presented in the molecular diagnostics section and Suppl. material A total of 34 COI sequences in this study were manually edited using Sequencher 5.4.6 8943166D-DB2D-529F-811A-FBF8FD8361E69A7880BD-7DF2-4F4C-A07B-9371A83FEAF1Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Whitley; Taxon: taxonID: WAM P.2847-001; scientificNameID: Epinephelusrankini; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; scientificNameAuthorship: ; Location: locality: Western Australian; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: WAMType status:Paratype. Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusrankini; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: Indonesia; Identification: dateIdentified: 2019-4; Record Level: collectionID: ZMUA-epran01; institutionCode: ZMUA; collectionCode: fishType status:Paratype. Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusrankini; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: Thevenard Island, Western Australia; Identification: dateIdentified: 2021-11; Record Level: collectionID: ZMUA-epran02; institutionCode: ZMUA; collectionCode: fishType status:Paratype. Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusrankini; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: Dirk Hartog Islands, Western Australia; Identification: dateIdentified: 2021-11; Record Level: collectionID: ZMUA-epran03; institutionCode: ZMUA; collectionCode: fishType status:Paratype. Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusrankini; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: Indonesia; Identification: dateIdentified: 2021-12; Record Level: collectionID: ZMUA-epran04; institutionCode: ZMUA; collectionCode: fishType status:Paratype. Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusrankini; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: Indonesia; Identification: dateIdentified: 2021-11; Event: eventDate: 2006; Record Level: collectionID: ZMUA-epranA; institutionCode: ZMUA; collectionCode: fishType status:Paratype. Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusrankini; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: Western Australia; Identification: dateIdentified: 2019-8; Record Level: collectionID: ZMUA-epranB; institutionCode: ZMUA; collectionCode: fishType status:Paratype. Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusrankini; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: Western Australia; Identification: dateIdentified: 2019-8; Record Level: collectionID: ZMUA-epranC; institutionCode: ZMUA; collectionCode: fishHead large and head length 2.6 (2.6-2.8) in SL, orbit diameter 6.8 (6.5-6.9) in head; interorbital broadly convex and width 4.5 (4.1-4.5) in head. Snout length 4.08 (3.9-4.2) in head. Mouth large and oblique, length of upper jaw 2.0 (2.0-2.3) in head, maxilla width 7.3 (6.8-7.3) in head, maxillary roundly truncate and extending to rear edge of eye, with small supplemental bone, only visible through dissection.Dorsal fin XI, 16 ~ 17; anal fin III, 8-9; pectoral fin 17\u201318; pelvic fin I, 5; caudal fin 16-19; lateral-line scales 71-86; lateral scale series 137-163; gill rakers 9-11+14-15; head length 35.3-38.5% SL; eye diameter 5.2-5.7% SL, preorbital length 7.1-7.6% SL and depth 4.3-5.7% SL, interorbital width 7.9-8.6% SL; snout length 8.3-9.4% SL, maxilla width 4.9-5.3% SL, length of upper jaw 15.8-18.9% SL, lower-jaw length 10.1-13.6% SL; body compressed laterally, body depth 34.2-35.3% SL and width 14.9-16.7% SL; predorsal length 30.9-32.6% SL, dorsal-fin base 56.6-58.4% SL, first dorsal spine 4.9-7.2% SL, second dorsal spine 9.9-13.6% SL, longest dorsal spine  10.4-15.5% SL, last dorsal spine 8.6-10.9% SL, longest dorsal ray 11.7-14.7% SL; pre-anal length 63.6-68.0% SL, anal-fin base 7.4-17.1% SL, first anal spine 3.5-4.2% SL, second anal spine 6.5-8.4% SL, third anal spine 8.1-10.2% SL and longest anal ray 14.9-19.2% SL; pectoral-fin length 17.7-19.2% SL; prepelvic length 31.9-36.6% SL, pelvic-fin length 17.4-19.6% SL, pelvic-spine length 9.1-11.1% SL; caudal-fin length 19.3-20.9% SL, caudal-peduncle length 17.1-20.9% SL and depth 10.4-11.5% SL (see Table Epinephelusrankini can clearly be distinguished from most of its congers by the absence of bars and bands in head and body (vs. presence) and diagnosed from confusable species by the following combination of characteristics: head, body and fins black greyish-brown to chocolate with irregular white blotches  ; absence of small dark brown spots ; the lateral-line scales 71-86 (vs. 48-51 in Epinephelusclippertonensis Allen and Robertson 1999); lateral-scale series 137-162 (vs. 92-107 E.erythrurus).Epinephelusrankini is diagnosed by a combination of 10 nucleotide substitutions: COI 276 (A\u2192G), COI 279 (C\u2192T), COI 294 (A\u2192G), COI 351 (T\u2192C), COI 399 (A\u2192G), COI 402 (T\u2192C), COI 442 (A\u2192G), COI 519 (A\u2192G), COI 537 (T\u2192C), COI 552 (T\u2192C). In addition, E.rankini possess 24 nucleotide substitutions when compared to E.multinotatus: COI 105 (T\u2192A), COI 198 (T\u2192C), COI 270 (C\u2192T), COI 273 (T\u2192C), COI 276 (A\u2192G), COI 279 (C\u2192T), COI 294 (A\u2192G), COI 297 (C\u2192T), COI 351 (T\u2192C), COI 366 (G\u2192A), COI 399 (A\u2192G), COI 402 (T\u2192C), COI 442 (A\u2192G), COI 444 (A\u2192C), COI 468 (A\u2192G), COI 484 (C\u2192T), COI 519 (A\u2192G), COI 537 (T\u2192C), COI 552 (T\u2192C), COI 561 (G\u2192A), COI 582 (T\u2192C), COI 603 (G\u2192A), COI 618 (C\u2192T), COI 633 (A\u2192G).Black greyish-brown to chocolate with irregular pale white blotches on the head, body and fins, with the blotches on the front of the head, chest and fins smaller and not obvious and those on both the sides of body larger; the rear margins of the unpaired soft rays have an extremely narrow white edge Fig. a, c, e. Body grey to brown with pale white blotches remaining prominent or fading. The narrow white edge on the posterior margin of the unpaired soft rays also remains or fades Fig. c, e. Wit1Epinephelusrankini is known from the Western Australian waters from the Abrolhos Islands northwards to Cape Leveque and south-eastern Indonesia 111248B3-ACFA-59CB-A5BF-A65548C917FAE666A249-758C-448C-B746-A888F43C5E21Type status:Holotype. Taxon: taxonID: ZMB 9452; scientificNameID: Epinephelusmultinotatus; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; scientificNameAuthorship: (Peters 1876); Location: locality: MauritiusType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordNumber: ZMUA-epmul03-05; ZMUA-epmulD,ZMUA-epmulF, ZMUA-epmulG; individualCount: 6; Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusmultinotatus; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: Maldives; Event: year: 2020; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUA; collectionCode: fishType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordNumber: ZMUA-epmul02; ZMUA-epmulE; individualCount: 2; Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusmultinotatus; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: South Africa; Event: year: 2019; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUA; collectionCode: fishType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordNumber: SAIAB 77354, 80836; individualCount: 2; Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusmultinotatus; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: Seychelles; Record Level: institutionCode: SAIAB; collectionCode: fishType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordNumber: SAIAB 19541, 86850, 86834; individualCount: 3; Taxon: scientificNameID: Epinephelusmultinotatus; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata; class: Actinopterygii; order: Perciformes; family: Epinephelidae; genus: Epinephelus; Location: locality: Mozambique; Record Level: institutionCode: SAIAB; collectionCode: fishHead large and head length 2.2-2.7 in SL, orbit diameter 6.4-7.5 in head; interorbital broadly convex and width 4.1-5.2 in head. Snout length 3.6-4.6 in head. Mouth large and oblique, length of upper jaw 2.2-2.6 in head, maxilla width 7.1-8.6 in head, maxillary roundly truncate and extending to rear edge of eye, with small supplemental bone, only visible through dissection.Dorsal fin XI, 15 ~ 17; anal fin III, 8; pectoral fin 16\u201320; pelvic fin I, 5; caudal fin 16-18; lateral-line scales 62-77; lateral scale series 130-151; gill rakers 9-11+15-17; head length 36.5-44.8% SL; eye diameter 5.3-6.1% SL, pre-orbital length 7.4-9.2% SL and depth 5.0-5.9% SL, interorbital width 7.4-8.9% SL; snout length 9.1-10.5% SL, maxilla width 5.0-5.3% SL, length of upper jaw 16.3-17.2% SL, lower-jaw length 11.3-12.0% SL; body compressed laterally, body depth 34.4-41.8% SL and width 14.4-19.8% SL; predorsal length 31.7-37.3% SL, dorsal-fin base 50.4-58.6% SL, first dorsal spine 3.5-5.7% SL, second dorsal spine 7.8-12.0% SL, longest dorsal spine  11.3-14.0% SL, last dorsal spine 8.2-9.8% SL, longest dorsal ray 12.7-14.4% SL; pre-anal length 66.7-71.4% SL, anal-fin base 12.8-17.6% SL, first anal spine 2.6-3.5% SL, second anal spine 5.9-6.4% SL, third anal spine 7.8-10.3% SL and longest anal ray 15.9-16.0% SL; pectoral-fin length 17.0-19.3% SL; prepelvic length 30.9-35.7% SL, pelvic-fin length 16.3-19.4% SL, pelvic-spine length 9.7-10.3% SL; caudal-fin length 19.1-23.1% SL, caudal-peduncle length 16.0-20.6% SL and depth 11.3-11.6% SL (see Table Epinephelusmultinotatus can clearly be distinguished from most of its congers by the absence of bars and bands in head and body (vs. presence), presence of numerous small dark reddish-brown spots (vs. absence or spots of other colour) and diagnosed from confusable species by the following combination of characteristics: head and body pale brownish-grey with irregular and small white blotches ; absence of black saddle blotch (vs. presence of black saddle blotch in Epinephelushowlandi Gunther 1873), the lateral-line scales 62-77 (vs. 48-51 in E.bontoides), lateral-scale series 130-151 .Epinephelusmultinotatus is diagnosed by a combination of 10 nucleotide substitutions: COI 105 (T\u2192A), COI 198 (C\u2192T), COI 270 (T\u2192C), COI 273 (C\u2192T), COI 366 (A\u2192G), COI 484 (C\u2192T), COI 561 (A\u2192G), COI 582 (C\u2192T), COI 618 (T\u2192C), COI 633 (G\u2192A).Pale brownish-grey with irregular and small white blotches above the head and body, and numerous small dark reddish-brown spots below the head and body, sometimes spread all over the body Fig. 22d. The rHead and body pale brownish-grey with white blotches and small dark spots remaining prominent or fading. With prolonged storage time, the body colour gradually turns pale yellowish-brown and the blotches and spots fade Figs b, 2d.2Epinephelusmultinotatus is known from the Persian Gulf to southern Mozambique and also found in the island States   Fig. . JuvenilCOI gene sequences of E.rankini and closely-related species were sequenced or obtained from GenBank in this study. The intraspecific mean distance of E.rankini was 0.0023. The Kimura 2-parameter interspecific distances indicated that E.rankini differs from E.multinotatus by 0.0424, from E.flavocaeruleus by 0.0421, from E.cyanopodus by 0.0439, from E.chlorostigma by 0.0577 and from E.areolatus by 0.0753  and the specimens of E.rankini and E.multinotatus clustered into group 1 and group 2, respectively  is a western Indian Ocean species with a recorded maximum total length (TL) of 100 cm and was previously reported to be distributed from the Persian Gulf to southern Mozambique and eastwards to Western Australia , but encountered the same fate as E.rankini, becoming a synonym of E.multinotatus from the Arabian Gulf and Oman region  between E.rankini and E.flavocaeruleus, that (0.0260) between Epinephelusbruneus (Bloch 1793) and E.moara  and E.geoffroyi , which is consistent with the results obtained by E.flavocaeruleus and E.cyanopodus into the same group, supporting that they are possible synonyms. Epinephelusflavocaeruleus and E.cyanopodus are considered two valid species due to differences in the body colour pattern and geographical distribution Detailed result of the ABGD analysis (Data typeSequence analysis resultsFile: oo_752706.docxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/752706Xiaoying Cao, Haohao Wu, Haoran Zhang, Lina Wu, Shaoxiong Ding"}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause serious lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) among older adults. There is no licensed RSV vaccine. In CYPRESS , an Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine demonstrated 80.0% efficacy for prevention of RSV LRTD and 69.8% efficacy for prevention of any RSV acute respiratory infection in adults aged \u226565 years through the first RSV season. This study evaluated the durability of immune responses elicited by Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein after two RSV seasons (up to 1.5 years post-vaccination) in the overall study population and in groups of participants stratified by age and risk level for severe RSV LRTD.Participants (N=5782) were randomized 1:1 to receive vaccine or placebo before the RSV season. The primary endpoint was first occurrence of RSV LRTD. RSV A2 virus neutralizing antibodies , RSV preF binding antibodies (through Day 533), and RSV-F\u2013specific IFN-\u03b3 enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot , were evaluated in an immunogenicity subset .6 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline to 143 SFC/106 PBMCs at 1.5 years. Comparable immune responses were observed in age/risk subgroups. No relevant changes were observed in the placebo group at any time point. Pre-existing Ad26 VNAs did not appear to impact RSV-specific immune response durability.In the vaccine group of the immunogenicity subset, RSV A2 VNAs peaked at Day 15 and were maintained at 2.8-fold over baseline at 1 year. Similarly, RSV preF-specific binding antibodies peaked at Day 15 and were maintained at 2.1-fold above baseline at 1.5 years. Median RSV-F\u2013specific IFN-\u03b3 T-cell frequency increased from 34 spot-forming cells (SFC)/10Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine was efficacious and elicited robust, durable (to at least 1.5 years) humoral and cellular immune responses in adults aged \u226565 years, older participants (\u226575 years), and in participants with increased risk for severe RSV LRTD.Christy A. Comeaux, MD, PhD, Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V.: Employee Ann R. Falsey, MD, BioFire Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Merck Sharp & Dohme: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Kristi Williams, PhD, Janssen Research and Development: Employee John E. Ervin, MD, The Alliance for Multispecialty Research \u2013 KCM: Contractual agreement for conduct of study protocol Arangassery R. Bastian, PhD, Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV: Employee Joris Menten, PhD, Janssen Infectious Diseases: Employee Els De Paepe, MSc, Janssen Infectious Diseases: employee Sjouke Vandenberghe, PhD, Janssen Infectious Diseases: Employee Eric K. H. Chan, PhD, Janssen Global Services, LLC: Employee Jerald Sadoff, MD, Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV: Employee Macaya Douoguih, MD, MPH, Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V.: Employee Benoit Callendret, PhD, Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V.: Employee Esther Heijnen, MD, PhD, Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V.: Employee."}
{"text": "In the original article, references 47 and 48 was incorrectly inserted as47: Wang YY, Wang LJ, Xu D, Liu M, Wang HW, Wang K, et\u00a0al. Postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization should be considered selectively in patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion. HPB (Oxford) (2019) 21(4):425-33. doi: 10.1016/j.hpb.2018.08.001;48: Wang L, Ke Q, Deng M, Huang X, Zeng J, Liu H, et\u00a0al. Adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical hepatectomy: a real world study. Scand J Gastroenterol (2019) 54(11):1403-11. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1684986\u201d.The correct references are as follows:47: Zhang WW, Hu BY, Han J, Wang HG, Wang ZB, Ye HY, et\u00a0al. A Real-World Study of PD-1 Inhibitors Combined With TKIs for HCC With Major Vascular Invasion as the Conversion Therapy: A Prospective, Non-Randomized, Open-Label Cohort Study. Ann Oncol (2020) 31:S1307. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.195;48: Li CJ, Zhou J. Initial Report of a Two-Stage Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Downstaging With Transarterial Chemoembolization and Sorafenib. Fubu Waike (2017) 30:295-8+301. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5591.2017.04.015.The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher."}
{"text": "Article title: Manganese-containing polydopamine nanoparticles as theranostic agents for magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal/chemodynamic combined ferroptosis therapy treating gastric cancerAuthors: Zhian Chen, Zhenhao Li, Chuangji Li, Huilin Huang, Yingxin Ren, Zhenyuan Li, Yanfeng Hu and Weihong GuoJournal: DRUG DELIVERYBibliometrics: Volume 29, Number 1, pages 1201\u20131211https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2022.2059124DOI: As per author\u2019s request, figures 5 have been replaced in the published article."}
{"text": "Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871 includes 39 species. Five species were known from China. This genus has not been found in south-eastern China.The genus Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871 is described from China: Selenocosmiazhangzhengi Lin, sp. n. from Fujian. Photos and a morphological description of the new species are given. The type specimen of the new species is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beiing (IZCAS).A new species of the genus  Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869 includes 1031 species in 153 genera, with 39 species in the genus Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871 ; S.jiafu Zhu & Zhang, 2008 (Yunnan); S.longiembola Yu et al., 2021 (Yunnan); S.qiani Yu et al., 2021 (Guangdong) and S.xinhuaensis Zhu & Zhang, 2008 (Yunnan). Here, we report one new species: S.zhangzhengi sp. n. from Longyan, Fujian.Five All specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol. Spermathecae were cleared in trypsin enzyme solution to dissolve non-chitinous tissues. Specimens were examined under a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope. Photomicroscope images were taken with an Olympus C7070 zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels). Photographs were stacked with Helicon Focus 6.7.1 and processed in Adobe Photoshop CC 2018.The terminology used in the text and figures follows A apical keel; ALE anterior lateral eyes; AME anterior median eyes; BL basal lobe of retrolateral embolus keel; MOA median ocular area; PLE posterior lateral eyes; PME posterior median eyes; PS prolateral superior keel; The type material is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).Abbreviations: Linsp. n.1D3891FB-078A-5751-8A05-E700CB917571BC40E565-96DC-4E66-9448-37AC9E6F67E5Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zheng Zhang; individualID: IZCAS-Ar42680; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Taxon: scientificName: Selenocosmiazhangzhengi; order: Araneae; family: Theraphosidae; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Fujian; verbatimLocality: Longyan, Xinluo District, Hengkengtou; verbatimElevation: 1143 m; verbatimLatitude: 25.3465\u00b0N; verbatimLongitude: 117.1205\u00b0E; Event: year: 2021; month: 6; day: 13Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Chuan Liu, Linrui Yu, Xiaohan Ye, Zheng Zhang; individualID: IZCAS-Ar42681, Ar42682; individualCount: 2; sex: 2 females; Taxon: scientificName: Selenocosmiazhangzhengi; order: Araneae; family: Theraphosidae; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Fujian; locality: Longyan, Xinluo District, Hengkengtou; verbatimElevation: 1143 m; verbatimLatitude: 25.3465\u00b0N; verbatimLongitude: 117.1205\u00b0E; Event: year: 2021; month: 7; day: 11Male   Fig. A. Total Male palpal bulb   Fig. B. Total Female genitalia Fig.  simple. Selenocosmiajiafu Zhu & Zhang, 2008: 2\u2642 (IZCAS), China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Menglun Township\uff0c27.IX.2021, Conghao Yang leg.Female : body length: without chelicerae 20.14\u201328.62. Carapace 9.82\u201313.81 length, 7.16\u201310.08 wide. Chelicerae with row of 10\u201312 promarginal teeth, 34\u201336 mesoventral denticles. Labial cuspules 239\u2013299.Selenocosmiazhangzhengi sp. n. is similar to males of S.jiafu Zhu & Zhang, 2008 and S.qiani Yu, S. Y. Zhang, F. Zhang, Li & Yang, 2021 by having the same angle of the embolus relative to the bulb. However, S.zhangzhengi sp. n. can be separated from S.qiani by the racket-shaped lyra setae on the maxillae (vs. dagger-shaped in S.qiani). Males of S.zhangzhengi sp. n. can be distinguished from S.jiafu by the absence of long, white setae on the tibia and metatarsus of the legs (vs. present in S.jiafu), the tip of the embolus is at an obtuse angle in S.zhangzhengi sp. n. (vs. acute angle in S.qiani) and small ventral lamina are absent on the distal embolus  and the ratio of the length of the spermathecae to the distance between the spermathecae is almost 2\u20133:1 . Femal3:1 Fig.  (vs. 3:2 S.jiafu ).The species is named after Mr. Zheng Zhang, who collected the type material; noun (name) in genitive case.Known only from the type locality.Retreats in burrows made in soil mixed with gravel, the burrows are usually about 3 to 4 cm in diameter. The spider web extends 10 to 20 cm inwards from the burrow. The spider moults inside. At night, the spider waits at the mouth of the burrow for its prey to pass by."}
{"text": "Toxoplasma gondii for development of diagnostic probesDNA sequences of \u201d, DOI number: 10.1590/s0074-02761991000400023, published in Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 86(4), 1991, on page 483:In the article \u201cWhere it reads:Viviana PzsennyIt should read:Viviana Pszenny"}
{"text": "The correct title is: Assessment of the QuickSee wavefront autorefractor for characterizing refractive errors in school-age children. The correct citation is: Gil A, Hern\u00e1ndez CS, P\u00e9rez-Merino P, Rubio M, Velarde G, Abellanas-Lodares M, et al. (2020) Assessment of the QuickSee wavefront autorefractor for characterizing refractive errors in school-age children. PLoS ONE 15(10): e0240933."}
{"text": "Erigeroneriocephalus, Taraxacumholmenianum (Asteraceae), Drabaarctica, D.fladnizensis, D.lactea (Brassicaceae), Campanularotundifolia (Campanulaceae), Arenarialongipedunculata, Honckenyapeploidessubsp.diffusa, Sabulinarossii, Sileneuralensissubsp.uralensis, Viscariaalpina (Caryophyllaceae), Carexbrunnescenssubsp.brunnescens, C.krausei, C.microglochin, C.subspathacea, C.williamsii, Eriophorumscheuchzerisubsp.arcticum (Cyperaceae), Andromedapolifolia, Orthiliasecundasubsp.obtusata (Ericaceae), Oxytropispodocarpa (Fabaceae), Luzulagroenlandica (Juncaceae), Triglochinpalustris (Juncaginaceae), Utriculariaochroleuca (Lentibulariaceae), Huperziacontinentalis (Lycopodiaceae), Montiafontana (Montiaceae), Corallorhizatrifida, Platantheraobtusatasubsp.obtusata (Orchidaceae), Hippurislanceolata, H.vulgaris, Plantagomaritima (Plantaginaceae), Calamagrostisneglectasubsp.groenlandica, C.purpurascens, Festucaproliferavar.lasiolepis, F.rubrasubsp.rubra, F.rubrasubsp.arctica, Hordeumjubatumsubsp.jubatum, Leymusmollissubsp.mollis, L.mollissubsp.villosissimus, Puccinelliavaginata (Poaceae), Primulaegaliksensis (Primulaceae), Cryptogrammastelleri (Pteridaceae), Coptidium\u00d7spitsbergense (Ranunculaceae), Potentillacrantzii, P.hyparcticasubsp.hyparctica, Rubuschamaemorus, Sibbaldiaprocumbens (Rosaceae), Salixfuscescens , Micranthesfoliolosa, M.nivalis, M.tenuis (Saxifragaceae) and Woodsiaalpina (Woodsiaceae). We recorded 196 taxa in Katannilik Territorial Park ; 145 of these taxa are first records for the park. We recorded 170 taxa in Kimmirut and vicinity  in Kimmirut and vicinity; 15 of these taxa are first records for Kimmirut and vicinity. All study area species are native, except two grasses that grew in Kimmirut: F.rubrasubsp.rubra, which may have been seeded and Hordeumjubatumsubsp.jubatum, of unknown origin. We summarize the distribution on Baffin Island for each taxon recorded in the study area, including several unpublished southern Baffin Island records.The Arctic ecozone is undergoing a rapid transformation in response to climate change. Establishing a baseline of current Arctic biodiversity is necessary to be able to track changes in species diversity and distribution over time. Here, we report a vascular plant floristic study of Katannilik Territorial Park, Kimmirut and vicinity within Circumpolar Arctic Bioclimate Subzone D on southern Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. We compiled a dataset of 1596 collections gathered in the study area throughout the last century, including 838 we made in 2012. The vascular flora comprises 35 families, 98 genera, 211 species, two nothospecies and seven infraspecific taxa. We newly recorded 51 taxa in 22 families in the study area:  The Arctic is warming more than twice as fast as the rest of the planet due to climate change. Due to this rapid warming, the Arctic environment is undergoing many changes. October 2020 to September 2021 was the Arctic\u2019s seventh-warmest 12-month period on record. During this period, the surface air temperature anomaly for land north of 60\u00b0 was 1.1 \u00b0C above the 1980\u20132010 mean . North AWarming air temperature, sea ice decline, changing snow cover and changing permafrost influence Arctic vegetation. Satellite observations show that yearly maximum tundra vegetation greenness, a tundra productivity measure, increased across most of the Arctic between 1982 and 2020 . BrowninDespite the rapid Arctic vegetation changes occurring and predicted over the coming decades, knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the Arctic vascular flora\u2019s diversity and distribution. Researchers have studied and documented the Canadian Arctic vascular flora for over 150 years , 2018. YBaffin Island, Nunavut, is Canada\u2019s largest island and Earth\u2019s fifth-largest island Fig. . Over thqikiqtaaluk means \u201cvery big island.\u201d Hudson Strait separates Baffin Island from the Canadian mainland and Baffin Bay and Davis Strait separate it from Greenland. Southern Baffin Island includes Meta Incognita Peninsula, a highland area reaching an elevation of ca. 914 m , ca. 26 km southeast of Kimmirut, to ca. 26 km west-northwest. At low tide, freshwater flows from Tasiujarjuaq into Pleasant Inlet. Just east of Pleasant Inlet is Glasgow (Westbourne) Bay, a large inlet that extends northwest ca. 18 km from North Bay.The Soper River enters Katannilik Territorial Park ca. 13 km north-northwest of Mount Joy (elevation 562 m). Mount Joy, just north of the Joy and Soper rivers\u2019 confluence, is one of the park\u2019s prominent geographic features. It portrays a human face on its southern slope; kimmirut means \"heel\", referring to a marble outcrop near the community resembling the heel of a foot. Until 1 January 1996, Kimmirut was named Lake Harbour. An Anglican Church was erected in the community in 1909 and the Hudson\u2019s Bay Company set up a trading post there in 1911. 2 and its elevation is 53 m. Its population in 2016 was 398  . Today,  was 398 . KinngaiThe Soper River valley\u2019s substrate is mainly till, outwash, deltaic gravel and sandy alluvium. Calcareous outcrops, including marble and crystalline limestone, occur just north of the Soper and Livingstone rivers\u2019 confluence . Much ofThe Arctic bioclimate zone has an Arctic climate, Arctic flora and tundra vegetation. The Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map divided this circumpolar zone into five bioclimate subzones named A to E, defined by summer temperature and vegetation characteristics . SubzoneSouthern Baffin Island spans two bioclimate subzones. The ca. western third of Foxe Peninsula and adjacent islands fall within Subzone C. This subzone has a 5\u20137 \u00b0C mean July temperature, 5\u201350% vascular plant cover, a moss layer 3\u20135 cm thick, a herbaceous layer 5\u201310 cm tall, dwarf shrubs less than 15 cm tall and local vascular floras with 75 to 150 species. The rest of southern Baffin Island, including the study area, falls within Subzone D, which extends north to ca. 67\u00b047'N. This subzone has a 7\u20139 \u00b0C mean July temperature, 50\u201380% vascular plant cover, a moss layer 5\u201310 cm thick, herbaceous and dwarf shrub layers 10\u201340 cm tall and local vascular floras with 125 to 250 species. Elsewhere in Canada, Subzone D includes southern Banks, Southampton and Victoria islands and much of the mainland Arctic. Following earlier North American Arctic vegetation classifications, the study area's vegetation is Low Arctic , low ereResearchers divide the circumpolar Arctic into 21 floristic provinces, delimited primarily based on vascular plant species distributions . The stuThe study area\u2019s climate is Tundra (class ET) according to the K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification, characterized by an average temperature of the warmest month between 0 \u00b0C and 10 \u00b0C . Models RMS Nascopie as part of the 1927, 1928 and 1933 Eastern Arctic Patrols. He collected at Lake Harbour on 1\u20132 and 25\u201326 August 1927, 29\u201330 August 1928 and 22 July 1933 (MIN)  , travelled to Lake Harbour four times aboard Hudson\u2019s Bay Company\u2019s uly 1933 . Malte duly 1933 . Danish uly 1933 . Joseph uly 1933 . In 1931uly 1933 . Poluninuly 1933 . Alice M008/004) . P\u00e8re Ar008/004) . Dutilly008/004) , collectUS National Parks Service  and her associate Rosalind Iles collected in the Soper River valley in 2002. Many of their collections are vouchers for photographs published in the Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (Oxytropis DC. (Fabaceae) (Botanists again visited the study area in the first decade of the 21hipelago . Annie Aabaceae) . We collWe studied the flora of Katannilik Territorial Park and vicinity from 30 June to 23 July 2012. We conducted research under a Nunavut Territorial Parks Use Permit, Nunavut Wildlife Research Permit WL 2012-034, Nunavut Water Board Permit 3 BC-FAA1212, Qikiqtani Inuit Association Certificate of Exemption (Access to Inuit Owned Land) Q12X016 and Polar Continental Shelf Program Project Number 515-12. We explored botanical diversity along the Soper River while travelling by inflatable canoe from Mount Joy to Soper Falls. We spent 20 days within the park and four days outside the park, in Kimmirut and vicinity.63\u00b014'52\"N, 69\u00b036'28\"W), at group/warden cabin #7 , at the Livingstone River and Soper River confluence , on the east riverbank south of emergency shelter #8  and at the Soper Falls campground . We established a final camp at Taqaiqsirvik Territorial Park (campground) in Kimmirut . We explored each camp area on foot, seeking out as many habitats as possible and aiming to record all vascular plant species present in each area with at least one collection. While travelling between camps, we stopped to collect at two willow thickets along the river (13 July) and the lapis lazuli occurrence (16 July). Labels on our specimens from the lapis lazuli site  mistakenly indicate it is within Katannilik Territorial Park; it is not. On 17\u201318 July, we collected near Soper Falls. On 19 July, we collected on a small unnamed island within Tasiujarjuaq and outside the park, around the Kimmirut boat landing and Reversing Falls. On 20, 22 and 24 July, we collected in Kimmirut and vicinity. On 21 July, we collected along Pleasant Inlet, west of Kimmirut, travelling via a boat charter from the hamlet. Fig. We flew from Iqaluit to \u201cParadise Flats\u201d near Mount Joy, our starting point, by Twin Otter plane, which landed on the airstrip there. We established six field camps along the Soper River: at the airstrip  at the Canadian Museum of Nature and have distributed duplicates to the following herbaria, as indicated in the specimen citations: University of Alaska Museum of the North (ALA); University of Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium (ALTA); Arizona State University (ASU); Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (GH); University of Michigan (MICH); Bell Museum, University of Minnesota (MIN); Missouri Botanical Garden (MO); Marie-Victorin Herbarium, University of Montreal (MT); The Rooms Provincial Museum, Newfoundland and Labrador (NFM); William and Lynda Steere Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden (NY); Botanical Museum, Oslo (O); Herbier Louis-Marie, Universit\u00e9 Laval (QFA); Norwegian University of Science and Technology (TRH); Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia (UBC); United States National Herbarium, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (US); Intermountain Herbarium, Utah State University (UTC); University of Victoria (UVIC); University of Manitoba Herbarium (WIN); Wilfred Laurier University (WLU); University of Washington (WTU).We dried specimens in a standard plant press in the field. During processing, we subsampled specimens for a small amount of leaf tissue preserved in silica gel desiccant; we tagged the plant subsampled when possible. We have deposited all tissue samples in the Canadian Museum of Nature\u2019s National Biodiversity Cryobank of Canada. J.M. Saarela, P.C. Sokoloff and L.J. Gillespie identified specimens. We have deposited a complete set of specimens in the CAN, DAO, MIN, QFA and H (where we only searched through the monocots). Through direct enquiries to collection managers and searches on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) platform, we examined and confirmed specimen images from the E.C. Smith Herbarium at Acadia University (ACAD), ALTA, the general herbarium of vascular plants at the University of Copenhagen (C), the herbarium at the Field Museum of Natural History (F), GH, the herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K), the R.L. McGregor Herbarium at the University of Kansas (KANU), the herbarium at the Botanical Museum, Lund University (LD), MICH, MIN, MO, MT, the herbarium at McGill University, Macdonald Campus (MTMG), NY, O, the herbarium at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (S), the Green Plant Herbarium, Royal Ontario Museum (TRT), US, UTC and the herbarium at the Royal British Columbia Museum (V).To generate a comprehensive checklist of the study area\u2019s vascular flora, we attempted to account for all plant collections gathered therein. We searched the literature, herbaria and online collection databases to locate vascular plant specimens collected in the study area. We manually searched the collections at GH include handwritten collection numbers on separate pieces of paper, which we assume are fragments of the paper in which he pressed his specimens. To match numbered collections at GH with duplicates at CAN and elsewhere that exclude these numbers, we relied on the six-digit number on the label. We cite these in the checklist as s.n./[collection number] followed by the six-digit number in square brackets.Malte\u2019s specimen labels do not include collection numbers, but they bear unique six-digit numbers from an older National Herbarium of Canada number series. We used these numbers to identify duplicate specimens amongst herbaria and we cite this number in square brackets for each of Malte\u2019s collections in the checklist to unambiguously refer to them. In addition to the specimen label from the National Herbarium of Canada, a subset of Malte\u2019s collections housed at 63\u00b010'N, 69\u00b055'W. These coordinates, however, point to a location 11.5 km northwest of the Soper and Livingstone rivers\u2019 confluence on the plateau west of the Soper River. Salixplanifolia Pursh) at the mouth of the Willow River, an area now part of Katannilik Territorial Park.Soper\u2019s specimen labels indicate that on 1 July 1931, the day he canoed upriver, he collected at We combined all data obtained from physical and online herbarium searches into a spreadsheet . Later authors, however, did not cite the specimens they mapped . Previously recorded means the taxon was mentioned or mapped in the study area in one or more publications . Usuallyy mapped . We alsoGBIF)-mediated collection data that have not been published or included in maps. We accepted records discovered on GBIF for which we could confirm a specimen determination, based on an image. For all sites on Baffin Island for which records have not been published, we cite the collector, collector number, herbarium and accession or barcode number. Furthermore, through careful cross-checking of vouchered occurrence data on GBIF with distribution maps from CAN, we revealed some mapping errors; we describe these errors in the text.We also summarize the known distribution on Baffin Island for each taxon recorded in the study area. These summaries include site-level descriptions of collection localities on the Meta Incognita Peninsula, Foxe Peninsula and Hall Peninsula, as well as on islands immediately adjacent to Baffin Island, such as Dorset, Mallik and Resolution islands. We refer to these regions as southern Baffin Island. Sometimes, we summarize all known occurrences of a taxon on Baffin Island . We based these summaries on published literature, primarily Cryptogrammastelleri (S.G.Gmel.) Prantl (Pteridaceae), Carexbrunnescens(Pers.)Poir.subsp.brunnescens (Cyperaceae), Calamagrostisneglectasubsp.groenlandica (Schrank) Matuszk. (as C.strictasubsp.groenlandica (Schrank) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve), HordeumjubatumL.subsp.jubatum, Leymusmollis(Trin.)Pilg.subsp.mollis (Poaceae), Triglochinpalustris L. (Juncaginaceae), Corallorhizatrifida Ch\u00e2tel., Platantheraobtusata(Banks ex Pursh)Lindl.subsp.obtusata (Orchidaceae), Arenarialongipedunculata Hult\u00e9n (Caryophyllaceae), Orthiliasecundasubsp.obtusata (Turcz.) B\u00f6cher (Ericaceae), Utriculariaochroleuca R.W.Hartm. (Lentibulariaceae), Primulaegaliksensis Wormsk. (Primulaceae), Coptidium\u00d7spitsbergense (Hada\u010d) Luferov & Prob. (Ranunculaceae) and Salixfuscescens Anderss. . In that paper, we also included our study area collections of Andromedapolifolia L. and Pinguiculavulgaris L.; we reported both as new in other parts of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. We do not repeat the information We previously published a subset of our 2012 collections that are new records for one or more of Baffin Island , the eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago or Nunavut . These tOur final dataset includes 1596 unique vascular plant collections from the study area. We gathered 838 of these collections in 2012 and other collectors gathered 758 before 2012. Our 2012 collections comprise 676 gatherings from Katannilik Territorial Park, 11 from the lapis lazuli site outside the park, 111 from Kimmirut and vicinity and 41 from Pleasant Inlet. Of the prior collections, 671 were gathered in Kimmirut and vicinity, 81 within what is now Katannilik Territorial Park and six at the lapis lazuli site. The number of specimens recorded in our database gathered by each prior collector is as follows: Aiken & Iles (27), Archambault (18), Blake (1), Dutilly (83), Fleming (2), Johansen (35), Malte (316), Oldenburg (44), Polunin (132), Sanson (2), Soper (96) and Tallman (2).Poaceae is the most diverse within the study area, with 15 genera, followed by Ericaceae with 11, Caryophyllaceae with nine, Brassicaceae with seven and Asteraceae with six. Two families comprise four genera, three comprise three, eight comprise two and 17 comprise one. At the species level and below, the largest families, each with ten or more species, are Cyperaceae (38 species), Poaceae (24), Brassicaceae (16), Caryophyllaceae (16), Ericaceae (13), Saxifragaceae (11), Asteraceae (11) and Juncaceae (10). Two infraspecific taxa occur within the study area in Eriophorumscheuchzeri Hoppe, Poaarctica R.Br. and Potentillahyparctica Malte. We did not count putative hybrids between Salix species (see comments under S.arctophila in the checklist) as separate taxa.The study area\u2019s vascular flora comprises 35 families, 98 genera, 211 species, two nothospecies and seven infraspecific taxa  are amongst the eight families with the highest species richness in the circumpolar Arctic , Polunin six , Malte and Polunin one (Huperziaarctica), Sanson one , Polunin and our team one [Puccinelliavaginata (Lange) Fernald & Weath.], Malte and our team one  and our team seven . Some or all these taxa may occur within Katannilik Territorial Park, where they have not been recorded. We do not know if the 11 taxa recorded in Kimmirut and vicinity before 2012 and not found by us in 2012, persist there.Our study area included three main subregions: Katannilik Territorial Park, Kimmirut and vicinity (outside the park boundary) and along Pleasant Inlet. We recorded 19 taxa only in Kimmirut and vicinity Table , where fAntennariafriesiana(Trautv.)E.Ekmansubsp.friesiana in the park, Soper first collected Chamaenerionangustifolium(L.)Scop.subsp.angustifolium, Dryopterisfragrans (L.) Schott, Ranunculusnivalis L., R.pygmaeus Wahlenb. and Salixplanifolia in what is now the park and Johansen first collected Potentillacrantzii (Crantz) Beck in what is now the park. We recorded two taxa only from Pleasant Inlet (Carexsubspathacea Wormsk. and Plantagomaritima L.), where we collected them in 2012. Both species occur on seashores, so they likely do not occur within Katannilik Territorial Park, but they may occur elsewhere in the area.We recorded 46 taxa only in Katannilik Territorial Park Table . We collAlopecurusborealis, in 1938 and Polunin or Malte collected the rest  in 1936 or earlier. Some of these occurrences are significant regionally. The Saginanodosasubsp.borealis collection is the taxon\u2019s only Baffin Island record. Equisetumscirpoides is not recorded elsewhere on Baffin Island, but is recorded from adjacent Dorset Island. Coptidiumpallasii is recorded elsewhere on Baffin Island and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago only in Iqaluit. Brayaglabellasubsp.glabella is recorded elsewhere on Baffin Island only in Iqaluit. We do not know if these species still exist within the study area. None of them has been recorded there in 84 or more years.We recorded 28 taxa in the study area based on a single record. Eight of these are historical collections. Sanson collected one of them, Andromedapolifolia, Arenarialongipedunculata, Carexkrausei Boeckeler, C.subspathacea, Cryptogrammastelleri, Eriophorum\u00d7mediumsubsp.album J.Cay., E.scheuchzerisubsp.arcticum, Festucaproliferavar.lasiolepis Fernald, F.rubrasubsp.arctica (Hack.) Govor., F.rubrasubsp.rubra, Leymusmollissubsp.villosissimus (Scribn.) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve & D.L\u00f6ve, L.mollissubsp.mollis, Montiafontana, Orthiliasecundasubsp.obtusata, Oxytropispodocarpa Gray, Plantagomaritima, Rubuschamaemorus L., Sibbaldiaprocumbens L., Taraxacumholmenianum and Utriculariaochroleuca. Many of these records are regionally significant. The Andromedapolifolia record is the only one from the eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The Arenarialongipedunculata record is the only one from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Nunavut. The Cryptogrammastelleri, Leymusmollissubsp.mollis and Festucaproliferavar.lasiolepis records are the only ones from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The F.rubrasubsp.arctica record is the only one from Baffin Island. The Utriculariaochroleuca record is the only one from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Nunavut.We collected the remaining 20 taxa known in the study area from a single record in 2012, namely Astragaluseucosmus B.L.Rob., Bartsiaalpina L., Calamagrostiscanadensissubsp.langsdorffii (Link) Hult\u00e9n, Campanularotundifolia L., Carexarctogena Harry Sm., Chamaenerionangustifoliumsubsp.angustifolium, Coptidium\u00d7spitsbergense, C.lapponicum (L.) Gand, C.pallasii, Drabacrassifolia, Eleocharisacicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult., Kalmiaprocumbens, Luzulaspicata (L.) DC., Oreojuncustrifidus (L.) Z\u00e1v.Dr\u00e1bk. & Kirschner, Phyllodocecaerulea (L.) Bab., Plantagomaritima, Salixuva-ursi Pursh, Saxifragapaniculata Mill.  A.Haines, Taraxacumlapponicum Kihlman ex Hand.-Mazz., Trichophorumcespitosum (L.) Hartm. and Viscariaalpina (L.) G.Don. Another subset of species in this area is recorded from southern Baffin Island and Southampton Island, including Carexnorvegica Retz., C.williamsii Britton and Oxytropispodocarpa.The study region\u2019s vascular flora includes several species whose south-eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago distributions are largely restricted to Circumpolar Arctic Bioclimate Subzone D. In the eastern Canadian Arctic, this subzone includes Coats Island, south-western Southampton Island and southern Baffin Island north to Cumberland Sound\u2019s north shore and adjacent islands, but excluding western Foxe Peninsula and adjacent islands . Within Arabisalpina L. , Harrimanellahypnoides (L.) Coville , Poaalpina L. (southern Baffin Island and Coats and Southampton islands), Potentillacrantzii (southern Baffin Island and Nottingham Island), Saginanodosasubsp.borealis (southern Baffin Island and Southampton Island) and Salixplanifolia (southern Baffin Island and Nottingham Island).The study region\u2019s vascular flora also includes species whose distributions in the south-eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago are restricted to Bioclimate Subzone D and one or more Hudson Strait islands within Bioclimate Subzone C. These species include ArtemisiaborealisPallassubsp.borealis, Betulaglandulosa Michx., Carexbicolor All., C.lachenalii Schkuhr, C.microglochin, C.vaginata Tausch, Equisetumscirpoides, Luzulamultiflorasubsp.frigida (Buchenau) V.I.Krecz., L.wahlenbergii Rupr., Montiafontana, Orthiliasecundasubsp.obtusata, Oxytropisdeflexavar.foliolosa (Hook.) Barneby, Parnassiakotzebuei Cham. & Schlecht., Pedicularislabradorica Wirsing, Pinguiculavulgaris, Potentillaanserinasubsp.groenlandica Tratt. and Rubuschamaemorus  Breitung [Iqaluit], Antennariaalpinasubsp.porsildii (E.Ekman) Chmiel. , Diphasiastrumalpinum (L.) Holub [Hall Peninsula], Coptistrifolia (L.) Salisb. [Iqaluit], Cerastiumarvense L. [Lower Savage Islands], Puccinelliapumila (Macoun ex Vasey) Hitchc. [Iqaluit], Ranunculusallenii B.L.Rob. [north shore of Frobisher Bay], Solidagomultiradiata Aiton  and Stuckeniafiliformis (Pers.) B\u00f6rner [Iqaluit]. Some of these species are recorded from a few localities on Baffin Island, including Cerastiumcerastoides (L.) Britton , Descurainiasophioides (Fisch.) Schulz , Euphrasiadisjuncta Fernald & Wiegand [Hall Peninsula] and Veronicawormskjoldii Roem. & Schult.   Sennikov [Dorset Island], Comarumpalustre L. , Drabamicropetala Hook. , D.oblongata R.Br. ex DC. , D.subcapitata Simmons [Taverner Bay], Eriophorumtriste (Th.Fr.) Hada\u010d & \u00c1.L\u00f6ve [Mallik Island], Festucahyperborea Holmen ex Fred. [Nettilling Lake], Myriophyllumsibiricum Komarov , Pediculariscapitata Adams , P.langsdorffiisubsp.arctica (R.Br.) Pennell ex Hult\u00e9n , Poapratensissubsp.colpodea (Th.Fr.) Tzvelev [Foxe Peninsula near Bird [Wildbird] Islands, Nettilling Lake, Taverner Bay] and Taraxacumphymatocarpum J.Vahl   Lange, S.nivalis (Lindblom) Fr., Saxifragarivularis L., Silenesorensenis (B.Boivin) Bocquet, Stellariacrassifolia Ehrh. and Tripleurospermummaritimumsubsp.phaeocephalum (Rupr.) H\u00e4met-Ahti  Elven & D.F.Murray, Rhodiolarosea L., Tofieldiacoccinea Richardson and Woodsiailvensis (L.) R.Br. (Some 50 species known on southern Baffin Island within Bioclimate Subzones D and C have not been recorded within the study area. Many of these species have restricted distributions (based on existing knowledge) on Baffin Island. Several are recorded from one, often historical, locality, including ninsula] . Anotherninsula] . Some spmet-Ahti . Finally.) R.Br. . Some ofFlora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (Anthoxanthummonticola(Bigelow)Veldkampsubsp.monticola, Bromuspumpellianus Scribn., Deschampsiacespitosa(L.)P.Beauv.subsp.cespitosa, Drabajuvenilis Kom., D.pilosa Adams ex DC., PoapratensisL.subsp.pratensis (not native), SalixovalifoliaTrautv.var.ovalifolia and Seneciolugens Richardson) and Matricariadiscoidea DC.; not native). Including the two taxa we here report as new to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago  brings the number of species and infraspecific vascular plant taxa known in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to 387. Fifty-seven percent of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago\u2019s vascular flora occurs within the study area, including several taxa not known elsewhere within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, namely Arenarialongipedunculata, Carexbrunnescenssubsp.brunnescens, Coptidium\u00d7spitsbergense, Cryptogrammastelleri, Leymusmollissubsp.mollis, Platantheraobtusatasubsp.obtusata, Primulaegaliksensis, Salixfuscescens, Utriculariaochroleuca and Triglochinpalustris.The Canadian Arctic Archipelago\u2019s known vascular plant flora continues to increase as researchers survey unexplored areas. hipelago , reporte2) is nearly 80 times larger than Ovayok (16 km2). Furthermore, the former contains considerable habitat diversity, whereas the latter centres on Uvayuq, an esker with less habitat diversity. Similarly, Kugluk (10.5 km2) is 120 times smaller than Katannilik Territorial Park. Despite its much smaller area, its vascular species richness is six percent greater than that of Katannilik Territorial Park. We attribute the richer vascular plant diversity in Kugluk Territorial Park compared to Katannilik Territorial Park to three factors. First, Kugluk Territorial Park\u2019s mainland location within the milder Bioclimate Subzone E (vs. Subzone D) favours greater species diversity in local floras. Indeed, the park includes several primarily boreal-distributed species that reach or are near their northern limits in Nunavut within the park, in the Coppermine River valley. Second, Kugluk Territorial Park has considerable habitat diversity despite its small size and third, it is easier to characterize the flora of a small area such as Kugluk Territorial Park, which can be traversed on foot, than a much larger area such as Katannilik Territorial Park. About 1.9 times more species are recorded in Katannilik Territorial Park than in Mallikjuak Territorial Park (ca. 40 km2), although knowledge of Mallikjuak's flora is incomplete , a common name, a summary of the global distribution, voucher information and comments. Codes in square brackets correspond to localities described in Table LycopodialesHuperziaarctica (Grossh. ex Tolm.) Sipliv. (\u2261 H.selagosubsp.arctica (Grossh. ex Tolm). \u00c1.L\u00f6ve & D.L\u00f6ve, \u2261 Lycopodiumselagosubsp.arcticum Grossh. ex Tolm.)\u2014Arctic fir clubmoss | Circumpolar?H.selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart. Widespread across Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit, Jackman Sound  and Resolution Island , s.n. [118358] (CAN), s.n./1198 [121040] , Dutilly 1058 , 1063 (CAN) [KM-1].Huperziacontinentalis Testo, A.Haines & A.V.Gilman  , Saarela et al. 1999  [MJ-20], 2054  [MJ-17], 2318  [LR-15]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n./1168 [121010] , Oldenburg 115 (MIN) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2722 (CAN) [PI-1].Spinulumannotinum (L.) A.Haines  \u00c1.L\u00f6ve & D.L\u00f6ve, = L.annotinumvar.alpestre Hartm.)  Fig. \u2014Stiff clMcLaren 166, CAN 10004078), Cormack Bay, the head of Cumberland Sound (Dutch Polar Station), Iqaluit, Newall Sound  and Ogac Lake  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Elsewhe0004070) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n.  [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2131  [CR-13], 2211  [GC-8], 2413  [LC-3]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 1053 , 1054 (CAN), Polunin 1254 (GH), 1771 (GH), 1249 (CAN) [KM-1], Johansen 1104 (C) [KM-20].EquisetalesEquisetumarvensesubsp.alpestre (Wahlenb.) Sch\u00f6nswetter & Elven\u2014Alpine field horsetail | Circumpolar-alpineWynne-Edwards 7336, CAN 10004593) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0004593) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2031  [MJ-19], 2096 (CAN) [MJ-37], 2130  [CR-13], 2218  [GC-8], 2403  [LC-3]. Kimmirut: Malte 6 [118353] (CAN), s.n. [121013] (CAN), s.n. [121035] (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2788  [KM-13].Equisetumscirpoides Michx.\u2014Dwarf scouring rush | Circumboreal-polarPreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Not knoKimmirut: Polunin 2347 (CAN) [KM-1].EquisetumvariegatumSchleich.subsp.variegatum\u2014Variegated scouring rush | Circumpolar-alpineBaldwin 1867, CAN 10005023) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Widespr0005023) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Aiken & Iles 02-062 (CAN) [SF-2], Saarela et al. 2262 (CAN) [LR-20], 2298 (CAN) [LR-21], 2373  [LR-11], 2476 (CAN) [EC-15], 2525  [SF-24], 2584  [SF-21]. Vicinity of lapis lazuli site: Saarela et al. 2496  [LS-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118355] , s.n. [121036] (CAN), Dutilly 1052 , 9080  [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2649  [KM-8], 2782 (CAN) [KM-19].PolypodialesCystopterisfragilis (L.) Bernh.\u2014Fragile fern | CosmopolitanWynne-Edwards 7190, CAN 10005429), Dorset Island, Iqaluit, Ogac Lake  and Resolution Island  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0005333) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2083 (CAN) [MJ-33], 2107 (CAN) [MJ-36], 2202 , 2203 (CAN) [GC-9], 2277  [LR-25], 2360  [LR-30], 2626  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120304] (CAN), s.n. [126871] , Soper s.n. (CAN), Polunin 371 (US) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2772 (CAN) [KM-19].Dryopterisfragrans (L.) Schott (\u2261 Polypodiumfragrans L.)\u2014Fragrant wood fern | European (NE)\u2013Asian\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Aiken & LeBlanc 04-077, CAN 10005887) (Previously recorded in the park . Not kno0005887) . SeveralKatannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n.  [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2024  [MJ-21].Cryptogrammastelleri (S.G.Gmel.) Prantl\u2014Steller\u2019s rockbrake | European (NE)\u2013Asian (N/C)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013Cordilleran & North American (NE)Our collection is the first one of the species, genus and family for the study area, Baffin Island and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2774  [KM-19].Woodsiaalpina (Bolton) Gray\u2014Alpine woodsia | Circumpolar-alpineWynne-Edwards 9338, CAN 10005123), Iqaluit, Nuvuttiq (formerly Cape Searle) and the vicinity of Tuurngait (formerly Kingnait Harbour)  .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2050 (CAN) [MJ-23], 2204  [GC-9].Woodsiaglabella R.Br.\u2014Smooth woodsia | Circumpolar-alpine.Robinson CD_SLR01, CAN 10041128), Newell Sound  and Ogac Lake  [LR-22], 2491 (CAN) [EC-13], 2621 (CAN) [TJ-1], 2627  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Oldenburg 108B (MIN), Polunin 439 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2773  [KM-19].AlismatalesTriglochinpalustris L.\u2014Marsh arrowgrass | Circumboreal-polarOur collections are the first records for Kimmirut, the park, the study area, Baffin Island and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2535  [SF-10]. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2652  [KM-8].Tofieldiapusilla (Michx.) Pers.  Wahlenb.)\u2014Bog asphodel | Circumpolar-alpineAiken & LeBlanc 04-075, CAN 10042148) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0042148) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Fleming 3021 (US) [LR-1], Saarela et al. 1968  [MJ-8], 2291  [LR-26]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120288] (CAN), s.n. [120288] (CAN), s.n. [118597] (CAN), s.n. [118596] (CAN), s.n. [118595] (CAN), Oldenburg 84 (MIN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Dutilly 9101 (QFA), 1063B (MT), Polunin 881 (US) [KM-1], Archambault AA259 (CAN) [KM-4], Saarela et al. 2666  [KM-9], 2744  [KM-12].AsparagalesCorallorhizatrifida Ch\u00e2tel.\u2014Early coralroot | Circumboreal-polarOur three collections are the first records for the park and the study area and increase the known Baffin Island records to four; the first record is from Auyuittuq National Park . GillespKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1970 (CAN) [MJ-7], 2036 (CAN) [MJ-24], 2415 (CAN) [EC-19].Platantheraobtusata(Banks ex Pursh)Lindl.subsp.obtusata (\u2261 Habenariaobtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Richardson, \u2261 Lysiellaobtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Rydb.)\u2014Blunt-leaved orchid | North American (N)Our collections are the first records from the park, the study area, Baffin Island and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2209 (CAN) [MJ-29], 2197 (CAN) [GC-7], 2488  [EC-18].PoalesJuncusarcticus Willd. subsp. arcticus  [LR-21], 2397  [LC-2], 2471  [EC-3], 2520  [SF-22]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118559] (CAN), s.n. [118558] , s.n. (V) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2643  [KM-8].Juncusbiglumis L.\u2014Two-flowered bog rush | Circumpolar-alpinePreviously recorded in Kimmirut , but AikKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2136 (CAN) [CR-15]. Vicinity of lapis lazuli site: Saarela et al. 2499  [LS-3]. Kimmirut: Polunin 549 (CAN), 754 (US) [KM-1].Juncusleucochlamys V.J.Zinger ex V.I.Krecz. (\u2261 J.castaneussubsp.leucochlamys (V.J.Zinger ex V.I.Krecz.) Hult\u00e9n)\u2014Chestnut rush | Asian (N/C)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North America (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2007  [MJ-42], 2219  [WR-3], 2467  [EC-1]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [121039] (CAN) [KM-1], Archambault AA265, AA276 (CAN) [KM-3], Saarela et al. 2752  [KM-11].Juncustriglumissubsp.albescens (Lange) Hult\u00e9n  Fernald)\u2014Northern white rush | Asian (N)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W).Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Known fKatannilik Territorial Park: Aiken & Iles 02-046 (CAN) [MJ-1], Saarela et al. 2198  [GC-7], 2380  [LR-37], 2466  [EC-1], 2506  [LS-2]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [121034] (CAN), Dutilly 9117 (QFA), Polunin 7 (US), 2154 (US) [KM-1].Luzulaconfusa Lindeb.\u2014Northern woodrush | Circumpolar-alpinePreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1928  [MJ-4], 2172  [GC-2], 2176 (CAN) [GC-1], 2285  [LR-22], 2341  [LR-12]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126860] (CAN), s.n. [118592] (CAN), s.n. [118593] (CAN), s.n. [118583] (CAN) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2693  [PI-3], 2698  [PI-2].Luzulagroenlandica B\u00f6cher\u2014Greenland woodrush | North American (N)Anthoxanthummonticolasubsp.alpinum, Arctousalpina, Astragalusalpinus, Betulaglandulosa, Oxytropismaydelliana and Pyrolagrandiflora. At a site between Livingstone River and Emergency Cabin #8, it grew in a grassy meadow surrounded by a Salixplanifolia thicket with B.glandulosa, Calamagrostiscanadensis, Carexbigelowii, Chamaenerionangustifolium and Pedicularislapponica. At Soper Falls, it grew on sandy flats of the lake floodplain with Agrostismertensii, Artemisiaborealis, Astragalusalpinus, Cerastiumalpinum, Festucabrachyphylla, Salixarctophila and Sileneacaulis. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Beekman Peninsula ; this collection was previously determined as Luzulamultiflorasubsp.frigida. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic, known from scattered sites across mainland Nunavut and northern Quebec and Labrador  [LR-28], 2406  [LC-3], 2572 (CAN) [SF-17].Luzulamultiflorasubsp.frigida (Buchenau) V.I.Krecz. (\u2261 L.frigida (Buchenau) Sam. ex Lindm.)\u2014Northern many-flowered woodrush | Europe (N), Alaska, Canada, GreenlandSalix thicket near Group/Warden Cabin #7 with Bistortavivipara, Calamagrostiscanadensis, Carexsaxatilis, Pyrolagrandiflora and Stellarialongipes. It grew on south-facing, sandy slopes near the Livingstone and Soper rivers\u2019 confluence with Astragalusalpinus, Chamaenerionlatifolium and Oxytropismaydelliana. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Beekman Peninsula and Ogac Lake  [GC-5], 2301  [LR-17].Luzulanivalis (Laest.) Spreng. (= L.arctica Blytt)\u2014Arctic wood rush | Circumpolar-alpineWynne-Edwards 7182, CAN 12173), Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit, Lower Savage Islands, Ogac Lake and Resolution Island  [MJ-6], 2071 (CAN) [MJ-43], 2378  [LR-37], 2579  [SF-3]. Kimmirut: Polunin 654, 798, 2266 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2751  [KM-11].Luzulaspicata (L.) DC.  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rS006361) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2014 (CAN) [MJ-42], 2116  [MJ-39], 2242  [WR-7], 2300  [LR-17], 2573  [SF-17]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1258 (CAN) [KM-1], Archambault AA264, AA293 (CAN) [KM-3], Saarela et al. 2746  [KM-11].Luzulawahlenbergii Rupr. (\u2261 L.spadiceavar.wahlenbergii (Rupr.) Buchenau)  Fig. \u2014WahlenbePreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1926  [MJ-4], 1932  [MJ-5], 2108  [MJ-32], 2190  [GC-3], 2474  [EC-10]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1231 (CAN) [KM-1].Oreojuncustrifidus (L.) Z\u00e1v.Dr\u00e1bk. & Kirschner (\u2261 Juncustrifidus L.)  Fig. \u2014HighlandArnicaangustifolia, Astragalusalpinus, Bartsiaalpina, Bistortavivipara, Carexbigelowii, Equisetumarvense and Poaalpina. At Kimmirut, it grew on south-facing slopes below the garbage dump with Bistortavivipara, Carexscirpoides, Luzulaspicata, Poaalpina and Salixglauca. Malte collected the species on a \u201cspringy slope,\u201d according to label data. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Cornelius Grinnell Bay , Beekman Peninsula, Ogac Lake and York Sound , s.n. [118570] , Dutilly 1031 (CAN) [KM-1], Polunin 882 (US), Saarela et al. 2759  [KM-15]. Lapis lazuli site: Saarela et al. 2501  [LS-2].Carexarctogena Harry Sm. (\u2261 C.capitatasubsp.arctogena B\u00f6cher)  Fig. \u2014Tufted bC.capitata L., Anthoxanthummonticola, Calamagrostiscanadensissubsp.langsdorffii, Carexbigelowii, Luzulaconfusa, Poaarctica and Vacciniumvitis-idaea. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, known from Beekman Peninsula and the Pangnirtung area  at the tip of the Cumberland Peninsula. Not known elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.Previously recorded in Kimmirut  [MJ-39], 2171  [GC-2], 2234  [WR-5], 2377  [LR-10], 2349  [LR-35], 2445  [EC-8]. Kimmirut: Polunin 32 (US), 1213 (CAN) [KM-1].Carexaquatilissubsp.stans (Drejer) Hult\u00e9n \u2014Aquatic sedge | Circumpolar-alpineC.concolor R.Br. (= C.bigelowiisubsp.bigelowii) and C.stans. We assume the 1936 collection C.aquatilis Wahlenb. as \u2018intermediate\u2019 is this specimen. In 1955, Ernest Lepage determined this specimen as the nothotaxon Carex\u00d7nearctica Raymond (C.aquatilissubsp.stans \u00d7 C.bigelowii). We have re-determined this collection as C.aquatilissubsp.stans. Widespread across Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Bowman Bay (Soper\u2019s \u201cCamp Kungovik\u201d), Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit and Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount (il Mount .Kimmirut: Polunin 436 (CAN) [KM-1].Carexatrofusca Schkuhr\u2014Dark brown sedge | Circumpolar-alpinePreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2371  [LR-11], 2292  [LR-26], 2454  [EC-2], 2585  [SF-21], 2654  [KM-8]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 9122 (US), Malte s.n. [120312] , Polunin 293 (US) [KM-1].Carexbicolor All.\u2014Bicoloured sedge | Circumpolar-alpineDupontiafisheri, Eriophorumscheuchzeri, Juncusarcticus and Leymusmollis. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, known from Dorset Island and Iqaluit  [SF-10], 2622  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120284] (CAN), s.n. [118483] , Dutilly 1034a (US) [KM-1].CarexbigelowiiTorr. ex Schwein.subsp.bigelowii (= C.concolor R.Br.)\u2014Bigelow\u2019s sedge | North American\u2013Amphi-AtlanticPreviously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . WidesprKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1936  [MJ-5], 1959  [MJ-9], Aiken & Iles 02-042 b (CAN) [MJ-1], Saarela et al. 2256  [GC-10], 2335  [LR-4], 2450  [EC-8], 2465  [EC-1]. Kimmirut: Archambault AA267 (CAN) [KM-3], Saarela et al. 2650  [KM-8], Dutilly 1034 (US), Malte s.n. [120323] (CAN), s.n. [120301] , s.n. [126877] (CAN), s.n. [118522] (MT), s.n. [118520] (CAN), s.n. [118523] (CAN), Polunin 290 (MICH), 1098 (F), 1228 (US), 1279 (NY), 1587 (US), 410 (KANU), 492 (KANU), 537 (MIN) [KM-1], Johansen 1106 (C) [KM-20].Carexbrunnescens(Pers.)Poir.subsp.brunnescens\u2014Brownish sedge | North American\u2013Amphi-Atlantic\u2013European\u2013AsianOur collections are the first records for the park, the study area, Baffin Island and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2232 (CAN) [WR-5], 2346  [LR-35], 2407  [LC-3].Carexcapillarissubsp.fuscidula (V.I.Krecz. ex T.V.Egorova) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve & D.L\u00f6ve (\u2261 C.fuscidula V.I.Krecz. ex T.V.Egorova)\u2014Hair sedge | Circumpolar-alpinePolunin 356 from Kimmirut, which Polunin originally determined as this species, was later re-determined as C.williamsii; however, we agree with Polunin\u2019s original identification. Newly recorded in the park. Widespread, but scattered on Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Dorset Island, Iqaluit and Ogac Lake  [MJ-12], 2009 , Saarela et al. 2010  [MJ-42], 2143  [CR-11], 2135  [CR-15], 2236  [WR-5], 2289  [LR-26], 2344  [LR-14], 2456  [EC-2]. Kimmirut: Polunin 356 (CAN), 1219 (US) [KM-1].Carexchordorrhiza L.f. , Burt s.n. , Tremblay & Pouliot 304-2004  and Isortoq Fiord .Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2182  [GC-3], 2411  [LC-3], 2439  [EC-10]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1207 (CAN), 1203 (MTMG), 1208 (US), 1196 (NY) [KM-1].Carexfuliginosasubsp.misandra (R.Br.) Nyman (\u2261 C.misandra R.Br.)\u2014Short leaf sedge | Circumpolar-alpineManning 248, CAN 10037001), Iqaluit, Lower Savage Islands, Ogac Lake , Perry Bay , Resolution Island, Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape) and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r2311594) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2006  [MJ-42], 2142  [CR-11], 2293  [LR-26], 2458  [EC-2]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126879] , s.n. [118495] (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2739  [KM-12].Carexglacialis Mack.\u2014Glacier sedge | Circumpolar-alpine71.3776\u00b0N, 79.7344\u00b0W, Burt s.n., CAN 10037252) and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Beekman Peninsula, Dorset Island, Foxe Peninsula and Iqaluit  [MJ-11], 2283  [LR-22], 2389  [LR-29], 2545  [SF-12], 2592 (CAN) [SF-14]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126890] , s.n. [118517] (CAN), Dutilly 9121 (US), Polunin 1912 (US) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2748  [KM-11].CarexglareosaWahlenb.subsp.glareosa   Fig. \u2014Gravel sWalker 804, US 3157134) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r3157134) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2615  [TJ-5]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118497]  [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2764  [KM-16]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2690  [PI-3], 2710 (CAN) [PI-2].Carexgynocrates Wormsk. ex Drejer  was misidentified; it is C.chordorrhiza.Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2618  [TJ-4]. Kimmirut: Polunin 2341 (CAN), 2336 (US) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2657 (CAN) [KM-8].Carexholostoma Drejer\u2014Arctic marsh sedge | Circumpolar?Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2144  [CR-11], 2124  [CR-16], 2372 (CAN) [LR-11], 2440  [EC-10]. Kimmirut: Polunin 2341 (CAN), 2283 (US) [KM-1].Carexkrausei Boeckeler (= C.capillarissubsp.robustior (Lange) B\u00f6cher)\u2014Krause\u2019s sedge | Circumpolar-alpineAstragalusalpinus, Bartsiaalpina, Carexscirpoidea, Dryasintegrifolia, Oxytropismaydelliana, Salixcalcicola and Saxifragaaizoides. Not recorded in Kimmirut. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Auyuittuq National Park , Dorset Island, Iqaluit, Milne Inlet , a small island along the north shore of Steensby Inlet  and two inland sites north of Steensby Inlet   .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2586  [SF-21].Carexlachenalii Schkuhr , Maujatuurusiq Inlet and Ogac Lake  [GC-1], 2288  [LR-24], 2339  [LR-12], 2334 (CAN) [LR-31], 2435  [EC-9], 2503 (CAN) [LS-2], 2505  [LS-2], 2624  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120328] (CAN), s.n. [118503]  [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2655  [KM-8].Carexmarina Dewey (= C.amblyorhyncha V.I.Krecz.)\u2014Sea sedge | Circumpolar-alpineGillespie et al. 6741, CAN 585044) and Mallik Island  [CR-14], 2183  [GC-3], 2374  [LR-11], 2461  [EC-1], 2495  [EC-11], 2593 (CAN) [SF-21]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. (CAN) [KM-1].Carexmaritima Gunnerus\u2014Maritime sedge | Circumpolar-alpinePreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2369  [LR-9], 2332  [LR-29], 2528  [SF-26], 2623  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Polunin 383 (CAN) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2697  [PI-2].Carexmembranacea Hook.\u2014Fragile sedge | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North America (N)Jotcham s.n., CAN 10037972, CAN 10037981, CAN 10037980), Pritzler Harbour  and Resolution Island  [MJ-4], 2187  [GC-3], 2294  [LR-26], 2460  [EC-2], Aiken & Iles 02-049a (CAN) [CR-1]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 9124 (US), Malte s.n. [118533] (US), s.n. [126862] (CAN), s.n. [126868] , s.n. [118531] (CAN), Oldenburg 80C (MIN), Soper s.n.  [KM-1], Archambault AA292 (CAN) [KM-3], 2641  [KM-8].Carexmicroglochin Wahlenb. , which Newly recorded in the park, Kimmirut and study area. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2376  [LR-36], 2580  [SF-19]. Vicinity of lapis lazuli site: Saarela et al. 2497  [LS-3]. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2646  [KM-8].Carexmyosuroides Vill. (\u2261 Kobresiamyosuroides (Vill.) Fiori)\u2014Mouse-tail bog sedge | Circumpolar-alpinePreviously recorded in Kimmirut , based oKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1976  [MJ-11], 2132  [CR-15], 2633 (CAN) [TJ-3].Carexnardina Fr. (= C.nardinavar.atriceps Kuk.)\u2014Nard sedge | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)Dutilly 9444, US-3586019) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r3586019) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1979  [MJ-11], 2282  [LR-22], 2385  [LR-29], 2589  [SF-14]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120285] (CAN), s.n. [126888] , s.n. [118509] (CAN), s.n. [118510] (CAN), Dutilly 1024, 9120 (US) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2694  [PI-3].Carexnorvegica Retz.   Fig. \u2014Norway sPotter 8292, US-2030471), Cumberland Sound, Dorset Island, Iqaluit and Ogac Lake  [MJ-42], 2001  [MJ-26], 2199  [GC-5], 2436  [EC-10], 2469  [EC-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118480] (CAN) [KM-1].Carexrariflora (Wahlenb.) Sm.\u2014Loose-flowered alpine sedge | CircumpolarLa Farge 145, ALTA-VP-52648, n.v.), Pangnirtung, Perry Bay  and Peter Force Island  [MJ-27], 2109  [MJ-32], 2127  [CR-16], 2438  [EC-10], 2651  [KM-8]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118519] (CAN), s.n. [118518] (CAN) [KM-1], Johansen 1105 (C) [KM-20].Carexrupestris All.\u2014Rock sedge | Circumpolar-alpineCarroll s.n., CAN 10039492), Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit, Lower Savage Islands and Ogac Lake  [MJ-42], 2065  [MJ-30], 1977  [MJ-11], 2281  [LR-22], 2590  [SF-14]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120300] (CAN), s.n. [118539], , s.n. [118536] (CAN), s.n. [118538] (CAN), s.n. [121017] (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2745  [KM-11].Carexsaxatilis L.  Kalela, = C.saxatilisvar.rhomalea Fernald)\u2014Russet sedge | Circumboreal-polarMcLaren 66, CAN 10039149) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0039149) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1935  [MJ-5], 2188  [GC-3], 2331  [LR-29], 2427  [EC-5]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [121006] , s.n. [118540] (CAN), s.n. [118533] (CAN), Polunin 1192 (CAN), 1190 (US), 1226 (F), 1663 (MICH), 1656 (MIN), 1225 (US) [KM-1].CarexscirpoideaMichx.subsp.scirpoidea\u2014Scirpus sedge | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North America (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)Consaul et al. 2359c, CAN 10039217) and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0039550) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2002  [MJ-26], 2003 (CAN) [MJ-26], 2141  [CR-11], 2237  [WR-5]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126889] , s.n. [118541] (CAN), s.n. [118545] (CAN), Dutilly 9123 (US), 1018 (MT), 1083a (US), Dutilly 9123 (US), 1018 (MT), 1083a (US) [KM-1], Oldenburg 80D (MIN), Saarela et al. 2656  [KM-8].Carexsimpliciusculasubsp.subholarctica (T.V.Egorova) Saarela (\u2261 Kobresiasimpliciusculasubsp.subholarctica T.V.Egorova)\u2014Simple bog sedge | Asian (NE)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2375  [LR-11], 2295  [LR-26]. Vicinity of lapis lazuli site: Saarela et al. 2498  [LS-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120282] (CAN), s.n. [118557] (CAN), s.n. [118664], (CAN), s.n. [118668] (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2648  [KM-8].Carexsubspathacea Wormsk.\u2014Hoppner\u2019s sedge | CircumpolarCarexursina, Puccinelliaphryganodes, P.tenellasubsp.langeana and Stellariahumifusa. Not known in Kimmirut or the park. Widespread across Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Beekman Peninsula, Brewster Point, Dorset and Mallik islands and Iqaluit  [PI-3].Carexsupinasubsp.spaniocarpa (Steud.) Hult\u00e9n  B.Boivin)\u2014Weak arctic sedge | Asian (NE)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Salixglauca\u2013S.planifolia willow thicket. At Livingstone River, it grew amongst dense herb growth on a steep, south-facing riverbank slope with a stony-sand substrate. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from the head of Clyde Inlet, Iqaluit, Pond Inlet and the vicinity of Steensby Inlet  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0039810) . We haveKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2011  [MJ-42], 1951  [MJ-10], 2223  [WR-4], 2368  [LR-9]. Kimmirut: Polunin 2303 (CAN), 2305 (US) [KM-1].Carexursina Dewey\u2014Bear sedge | CircumpolarBoles et al. RB 99-85, CAN 10039928) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0039928) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2613  [TJ-6]. Kimmirut: Polunin 390  [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2688  [PI-3].Carexvaginata Tausch\u2014Sheathed sedge | Circumboreal-polarSalix thicket (Group/Warden Cabin #7), a sedge meadow (Livingstone River) and mesic tundra in a slight depression grading into a creek (Emergency Cabin #8). Near Kimmirut, it grew on dry slopes with large rock outcrops. Not otherwise known from Baffin Island.Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2005  [MJ-18], 2064  [MJ-30], 2200  [GC-5], 2290  [LR-26], 2455  [EC-2]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118548] , Polunin 1159 (CAN), 2084 (US) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2753  [KM-11].Carexwilliamsii Britton , Iqaluit and Ogac Lake (Newly recorded in the park and study area. This species grew in hummocky and turfy sedge meadows. Not known in Kimmirut. One of Polunin\u2019s collections (no. 356) from Lake Harbour, determined by him as gac Lake .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1998  [MJ-20], 2068  [MJ-43], 2220 (CAN) [WR-3], 2437  [EC-10], 2532  [SF-28].Eleocharisacicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult.  and Iqaluit  [EC-3], 2516  [SF-27]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1341 (US), 1182 (CAN) [KM-1].Eriophorumangustifolium Honck.\u2014Narrow-leaved cottongrass | Circumboreal-polarPreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2000 (CAN) [MJ-20], 2110  [MJ-32], 2151  [CR-10], 2125  [CR-16], 2388 (CAN) [LR-29], 2452  [EC-2], 2462 (CAN) [EC-1]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 9119 (US), Malte s.n. [118670] (CAN), Soper s.n.  [KM-1], Johansen 1107 (C) [KM-20], Saarela et al. 2642  [KM-8].Eriophorumcallitrix Cham.\u2014Arctic cottongrass | Asian (N)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Jotcham s.n., CAN 10033910, CAN 10033911)  .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2370  [LR-11], 2457  [EC-2]. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2653  [KM-8], Malte s.n. [126887] , s.n. [118683] (CAN), Soper s.n. (CAN) [KM-1].Eriophorum\u00d7mediumsubsp.album J.Cay.\u2014Intermediate cottongrass | North American (N)Arctagrostislatifoliasubsp.latifolia, Betulaglandulosa, Huperzia, Carexmembranacea, C.norvegica, C.rariflora, Eriophorumvaginatum, Luzulawahlenbergii, Salixarctophila and Vacciniumvitis-idaea. The parent species of this nothotaxon are E.russeolumsubsp.leiocarpum and E.scheuchzerisubsp.scheuchzeri. The latter species occurs in the study area, whereas E.russeolum has been reported in the study area, but we have not seen a voucher (see Excluded Taxa). Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Clyde River, the head of Tarr Inlet  and Nettilling Lake  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rN 28144) . ElsewheN 28144) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2443  [EC-10]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1172 .Eriophorumscheuchzerisubsp.arcticum M.S.Novos.\u2014Scheuchzer\u2019s cottongrass | CircumpolarManning 169, CAN 10034265; Gillespie et al. 6708, CAN 10034315), Resolution Island and Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape)  . We haveudy area .Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2645  [KM-8].EriophorumscheuchzeriHoppesubsp.scheuchzeri\u2014Scheuchzer\u2019s cottongrass | Circumpolar-alpinePreviously recorded from Kimmirut , but we Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2070 (CAN) [MJ-43], 2181  [GC-3], 2184 (CAN) [GC-3], 2387  [LR-29], 2463 (CAN) [EC-1], 2575 (CAN) [SF-10]. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2644  [KM-8].Eriophorumvaginatumsubsp.spissum  Hult\u00e9n   Fig. \u2014Dense coPreviously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Known fKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1924  [MJ-4], 2150  [CR-10], 2185  [GC-3], Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], s.n. (CAN) [SF-1]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 1015 (US), Malte s.n. [118679] (CAN) [KM-1].Trichophorumcespitosum(L.)Hartm.subsp.cespitosum (\u2261 Scirpuscaespitosus L.)\u2014Tufted clubrush | Circumboreal-polarPreviously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . ElsewheKatannilik Territorial Park: Aiken & Iles 02-048 (CAN) [CR-1a], Saarela et al. 2126  [CR-16], 2359  [LR-28], 2453  [EC-2], 2587  [SF-21]. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2647  [KM-8], Malte s.n. [118684] (CAN), s.n. [118685] , Polunin 1216 (US) [KM-1].Agrostismertensii Trin.  Tzvelev)  Fig. \u2014NorthernTaylor s.n. in 1861, CAN 10015290 frag. ex K) that Calamagrostisneglectasubsp.groenlandica. Not otherwise known in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2119  [MJ-39], 2235 (CAN) [WR-5], 2409  [LC-3], 2446  [EC-8], 2571  [SF-17], 2602 (CAN) [TJ-1]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120302]  [KM-1].Alopecurusborealis Trin. \u2014Alpine foxtail | Circumpolar-alpineBaldwin 1862, CAN 10008406), Iqaluit, and Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Not knoes Cape) .Kimmirut: Sanson 24 (TRT) [KM-1].Anthoxanthummonticolasubsp.alpinum (Sw. ex Willd.) Soreng  Roem. & Schult.)\u2014Alpine sweet grass | Circumpolar-alpineWalker 810, CAN 10012910) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Widespr0012910) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1960  [MJ-9], 2087 (CAN) [MJ-33], 2355 (CAN) [LR-28], 2591 (CAN) [SF-14], Soper s.n.  [WR-1], s.n.  [SF-1]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118380]  [KM-1].Arctagrostislatifolia(R.Br.)Griseb.subsp.latifolia\u2014Wide-leaved polargrass | Circumpolar-alpinePreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1927 (CAN) [MJ-4], 2097 (CAN) [MJ-35], 2379 (CAN) [LR-37], 2468  [EC-1]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118828] (CAN), s.n. [118827] (CAN), Dutilly 1014  [KM-1].Arctophilafulva (Trin.) Andersson (\u2261 Colpodiumfulvum (Trin.) Griseb., \u2261 Dupontiafulva (Trin.) R\u00f6ser & Tkach)\u2014Pendent grass | Circumpolar-alpinePolunin 1229 that Arctophila and Dupontia; the latter name has priority  [EC-3], 2517  [SF-27].Calamagrostiscanadensissubsp.langsdorffii (Link) Hult\u00e9n (\u2261 C.canadensisvar.langsdorffii (Link) Inman)  Fig. \u2014LangsdorBetulaglandulosa and willow and in a sand blowout with Anthoxanthummonticola subsp. alpinum. At group/warden cabin #7, it grew in disturbed ground around the shelter. Along the Livingstone River, it grew in a grassy meadow with Carexarctogena, C.bigelowii, Bistortavivipara and Taraxacumceratophorum. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Pritzler Harbour . A record Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . At MounKatannilik Territorial Park: Aiken & Iles 02-041 (CAN) [MJ-1], Saarela et al. 2347  [LR-35], 2028  [MJ-6], 1938  [MJ-5], 2113  [MJ-15], 2254  [GC-10]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1223 (CAN) [KM-1].Calamagrostispurpurascens R.Br.\u2014Purple reedgrass | Asian (NE)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)Betulaglandulosa, Carexmyosuroides, C.nardina, C.supina and Salixuva-ursi; on south-facing, sandy slopes with Anthoxanthummonticola, Arctousalpina, Empetrumnigrum and Saxifragatricuspidata; in a dried lake bed with Arabidopsisarenicola, Artemisiaborealis, Carexmaritima, Cerastium, Chamaenerionlatifolium, Poaglauca and Sileneacaulis; on a dry, rocky slope with Arctousalpina, Chamaenerionlatifolium and Saxifragatricuspidata; and on a rocky river floodplain with Artemisiaborealis, Astragalusalpinus, Cerastiumalpinum, Chamaenerionlatifolium, Potentilla and Saxifragatricuspidata. Known from scattered sites across Baffin Island  [MJ-31], 2133  [CR-15], 2228  [WR-4], 2299  [LR-17], 2383  [LR-29].Calamagrostisneglectasubsp.groenlandica (Schrank) Matuszk. (\u2261 C.neglectavar.groenlandica (Schrank) Druce, \u2261 C.strictasubsp.groenlandica (Schrank) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve)  Fig. \u2014Narrow-s68\u00b038'N, 73\u00b005'W]  and along the Sylvia Grinnell River, Iqaluit . Confusion as to which of the names C.neglecta (Ehrh.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. or C.stricta (Timm) Koeler has priority has persisted. In North America, recent authors have recognized the species as C.stricta  [GC-10], 2191  [GC-3], 2398 (CAN) [LC-2], 2442  [EC-10], 2576  [SF-18].Deschampsiasukatschewii (Popl.) Roshev. (= D.pumila (Griseb.) Ostenf., illeg. hom.)\u2014Hairgrass | CircumpolarPreviously recorded in Kimmirut , but AikKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2414 (CAN) [EC-20], 2521 (CAN) [SF-22], 2619  [TJ-4]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118857] (CAN) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2719  [PI-1].Dupontiafisheri R.Br. (= D.fisherisubsp.psilosantha (Rupr.) Hult\u00e9n)\u2014Fisher\u2019s tundra grass | CircumpolarArctophila and Dupontia; the latter name has priority  [GC-6], 2412 (CAN) [LC-3], 2533 (CAN) [SF-10].FestucabrachyphyllaSchult. & Schult.f.subsp.brachyphylla\u2014Alpine fescue | Circumpolar-alpineWarr 1, QFA0546091), Resolution Island, Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount and Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly res Cape) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2015  [MJ-42], 2069 (CAN) [MJ-43], 1961  [MJ-9], 2122 (CAN) [MJ-39], 2140  [CR-8], 2148 (CAN) [CR-9], 2280  [LR-22], 2356  [LR-28], 2382  [LR-29]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n./643 [118374] , s.n. [120322] (CAN), s.n. [118373] (CAN), s.n./660 [118375]  [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2696  [PI-2].Festucaproliferavar.lasiolepis Fernald\u2014Pubescent proliferous fescueCarexscirpoidea, Juncusarcticus, Salixherbacea, S.reticulata and Potentillahyparctica. Not recorded in Kimmirut. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic, recorded from mainland Nunavut and northern Quebec and Labrador  [TJ-1].Festucarubrasubsp.arctica (Hack.) Govor. (= F.richardsonii Hook.)  Fig.  \u2014Arctic Dupontiafisheri, Juncusarcticus, Leymusmollis, Potentillaanserinasubsp.groenlandica, Puccinelliaphryganodessubsp.neoarctica and Saxifragacespitosa. Known from the adjacent mainland Arctic (northern Quebec) and elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, recorded on Banks and Victoria islands  [TJ-3].FestucarubraL.subsp.rubra\u2014Red fescue | Circumboreal-polarCerastiumalpinum, Poaalpina and Taraxacumlapponicum. It was likely seeded there. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, known from Iqaluit  is from Iqaluit.Newly recorded in Kimmirut and the study area. Not recorded in the park. This species grew around an abandoned house in Kimmirut with  Iqaluit  and else Iqaluit . A recorKimmirut: Saarela et al. 2771  [KM-17].HordeumjubatumL.subsp.jubatum\u2014Foxtail barley | Asian (NE) & North American & South AmericanH.jubatumsubsp.intermedium Bowden.Newly recorded in Kimmirut and the study area. Kimmirut is the second occurrence area of this non-native species on Baffin Island. It has not been seen in Iqaluit, where previously recorded, since 2003. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2737  [KM-14], 2755  [KM-15].Koeleriaspicata (L.) Barber\u00e1, A.Quintanar, Soreng & P.M.Peterson (\u2261 Trisetumspicatum (L.) K.Richt.)\u2014Narrow false-oat | Circumpolar-alpineJotcham s.n., CAN 10021591), Resolution Island and York Sound  [MJ-25], 2112  [MJ-32], 2128  [CR-12], 2230  [WR-4], 2340  [LR-12], 2632  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2743  [KM-12], Dutilly 1029 , 9128B (CAN), Malte s.n. [120299] (CAN), s.n. [126845] (CAN), s.n. [126847] , s.n. [118475] , s.n. [118476] , Polunin 161 (CAN), 561 (CAN), 2346 (US), Soper s.n.  [KM-1], Johansen 1110 (C) [KM-20].Leymusmollis(Trin.)Pilg.subsp.mollis\u2014Sea lymegrass | Amphi-Pacific\u2013North AmericanNewly recorded in the park, the study area and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2529  [SF-26].Leymusmollissubsp.villosissimus (Scribn.) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve & D.L\u00f6ve (\u2261 Elymusarenariussubsp.villosissimus (Scribn.) \u00c1.L\u00f6ve)\u2014Arctic lymegrass | Asian (NE)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Dupontiafisheri, Juncusarcticus, Potentillaanserinasubsp.groenlandica, Puccinelliaphryganodessubsp.neoarctica and Saxifragacespitosa. Not recorded in Kimmirut. Known from scattered sites across Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands, Iqaluit and Pritzler Harbour   .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2630 (CAN) [TJ-3].Phippsiaalgida (Sol.) R.Br.\u2014Icegrass | Circumpolar-alpineAiken & LeBlanc 04-223, CAN 586605) and Resolution Island  [GC-3], 2350  [LR-34], 2519 (CAN) [SF-22], 2540b (CAN) [SF-25]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126844] , s.n. [126898] (CAN), s.n. [126900] (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2758  [KM-15].PoaalpinaL.subsp.alpina\u2014Alpine bluegrass | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American\u2013Amphi-Atlantic\u2013European\u2013Asian (NW-C)Wynn-Edwards 9080A, CAN 10015681) is problematic. A record Elven 3554/99, CAN 10015644) is from Iqaluit. The northernmost confirmed record on Baffin Island is from the Pangnirtung area  [LR-20], 2434  [EC-9], 2511  [SF-15], 2738  [KM-12]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 9127 (CAN), Polunin 1144 (CAN), 1164 (CAN), Oldenburg 76A , 101 (MIN), Dutilly 1030a , 1032 , 9127 (QFA), 9128 , Malte s.n. [12366] (V), s.n. [118403]  [KM-1].PoaarcticaR.Br.subsp.arctica\u2014Arctic bluegrass | Circumpolar-alpineWarr 3, QFA-210705), Resolution Island, Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount, Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape) and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0017134) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2023 (CAN) [MJ-25], 1929 (CAN) [MJ-4], 2121  [MJ-39], 2134  [CR-15], 2257  [GC-10], 2441  [EC-10]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 9128D (CAN), Johansen 1109 (C) [KM-20], Malte s.n. [118403] , s.n. [118404] (CAN), s.n. [118432] , s.n. [121030] (CAN), s.n. [121007] (CAN), Blake 1c (DAO) [KM-2].Poaarcticasubsp.caespitans Simmons ex Nannf.\u2014High Arctic bluegrass | North American (NE)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic\u2013European (N)Manning 172, CAN 10017611; Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2386  [LR-29]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118431] , Soper s.n. (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2741  [KM-12].PoaglaucaVahlsubsp.glauca\u2014Glaucus bluegrass | Circumpolar-alpineManning 4, CAN 10015916) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0015916) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1978 (CAN) [MJ-11], 1994 (CAN) [MJ-41], 2284  [LR-22], 2384  [LR-29], 2588  [SF-14]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 990a (CAN), 9126D , 1030A, 9128C (QFA), Malte s.n. [126846] , s.n. [126848] , s.n. [121015] , Oldenburg 76B (MIN), Polunin 381 (CAN), Soper s.n. (H) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2742  [KM-12].Poapratensissubsp.alpigena (Lindm.) Hiitonen \u2014Northern meadow-grass | Circumboreal-polarWarr 3, QFA-153929)  .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1950  [MJ-45], 2111  [MJ-32], 2233  [WR-5], 2574 (CAN) [SF-17]. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2793  [KM-6], 2740  [KM-12], 2757  [KM-15], 2762  [KM-16].Puccinelliaphryganodessubsp.neoarctica (\u00c1.L\u00f6ve & D.L\u00f6ve) Elven\u2014Goosegrass | North American (N)McLaren 75, CAN 10019927), Resolution Island and the Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount area  [TJ-3], 2614  [TJ-6]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118444] (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2766  [KM-16]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2706  [PI-2], 2692  [PI-3].Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly runt area . KatanniPuccinelliatenellasubsp.langeana (Berlin) Tzvelev (\u2261 P.langeana Berlin)\u2014Lange\u2019s alkaligrass | Amphi-Beringian?\u2013North American (N)Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2538  [SF-25], 2540a (CAN) [SF-25], 2610  [TJ-6], 2616  [TJ-5]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120326] (CAN) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2691  [PI-3], 2711  [PI-2].Puccinelliavaginata (Lange) Fernald & Weath.\u2014Tussock alkaligrass | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)P.angustata (R.Br.) E.L.Rand & Redfield. Another Polunin collection from Lake Harbour identified as P.angustata  is likely P.vaginata, but the specimens need to be examined for confirmation. Below the Kimmirut garbage dump, it grew along the coast above the high tide line in sewage-enriched ground with Carexbicolor, Koenigiaislandica, Potentillaanserinasubsp.groenlandica, Puccinelliaphryganodessubsp.neoarctica and P.tenellasubsp.langeana. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Iqaluit  and scattered sites along the east coast (Newly recorded in Kimmirut and the study area. Not known in the park. Polunin\u2019s collection from Lake Harbour (no. 1163) was originally identified as st coast .Kimmirut: Polunin 1163 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2768  [KM-16].RanunculalesPapaversect.Meconella Spach, to which all Arctic species belong, is challenging . Distribution maps for the multiple Papaver taxa now recognized across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Arctic mainland are unavailable. Maps for several taxa as now understood, however, exist for smaller areas, including northern Quebec and Labrador   .Papaverlabradoricum (Fedde) Solstad & Elven  Fedde, \u2261 P.lapponicumsubsp.labradoricum (Fedde) Knaben)\u2014Labrador poppy | North American (NE)P.radicatum L.  in eastern Greenland\u201d.Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rcatum L. . Aiken e, Dorset , Mill, RKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1986  [MJ-40], 2101 (CAN) [MJ-36], 2208 (CAN) [GC-9], 2244  [WR-10], 2366  [LR-9]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [121011] (CAN)), Oldenburg 103 (MIN), Soper s.n. (CAN) [KM-1].Papaverlapponicum (Tolm.) Nordh.\u2014Lapland poppy | North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic\u2013European (N)\u2013Asian (N)P.lapponicumsubsp.occidentale (C.E.Lundstr.) Knaben, the only subspecies they recorded in the Canadian Arctic.Previously recorded in Kimmirut. Newly recorded in the park. Following Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2056 (CAN) [MJ-16]. Kimmirut: Polunin 403 (GH) [KM-1].SaxifragalesCoptidiumlapponicum (L.) Gand. (\u2261 Ranunculuslapponicus L.)  Fig. \u2014Lapland Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2029  [MJ-6], 2061  [MJ-28], 2094  [MJ-37], Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2396  [LC-2], 2492  [EC-12]. Kimmirut: Johansen 1120 (C) [KM-20].Coptidiumpallasii (Schltdl.) Tzvelev \u2014Pallas\u2019 buttercup | European (N)\u2013Asian (N)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Previously recorded in Kimmirut by Polunin in 1936, whose \u201ccollection was growing 10\u201320 cm high on wet mud by the margin of a freshwater pool\u201d in the Lake Harbour vicinity :211. We Kimmirut: Polunin 1173 (CAN) [KM-1].Coptidium\u00d7spitsbergense (Hada\u010d) Elven\u2014Spitzbergen\u2019s buttercup | CircumpolarC.lapponicum \u00d7 C.pallasii) are the first records for the park, the study area, Baffin Island and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Our collections of this sterile triploid hybrid  [GC-6], 2419  [EC-7].Ranunculusarcticus Richardson (= R.pedatifidusvar.affinis (R.Br.) L.D.Benson, = R.pedatifidusvar.leiocarpus (Trautv.) Fernald)\u2014Birdfoot buttercup | Circumpolar-alpinePreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2120  [MJ-39], 2603 (CAN) [TJ-2]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118862] (CAN), s.n. [118863] (CAN) [KM-1].RanunculushyperboreusRottb.subsp.hyperboreus\u2014Far-northern buttercup | Circumpolar-alpinePreviously recorded in the study area , but we Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2279  [LR-19], 2472  [EC-3], 2607 (CAN) [TJ-4]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2718  [PI-1].Ranunculusnivalis L.\u2014Snow buttercup | Circumpolar-alpinePotter 7939, GH 01836282), Jackman Sound , Lower Savage Islands, Ogac Lake, Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount and York Sound  (Previously recorded in the park . Not kno0050794) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2026  [MJ-6], 2104  [MJ-36], 2079  [MJ-33], 2557  [SF-7], Soper s.n. (CAN) [SF-1].Ranunculuspygmaeus Wahlenb.  [MJ-33], 2086 (CAN) [MJ-33], 2193  [GC-6], 2314 (CAN) [LR-6], 2342  [LR-33], 2558 (CAN) [SF-7].Ranunculustrichophyllus Chaix\u2014Thread-leaved water-crowfootR.trichophyllusvar.eradicatus (Laest.) Drew, and Ranunculussect.Batrachium DC. of R.trichophyllusvar.eradicatus is a synonym of R.confervoides (Fr.) Fr., a taxon with a restricted Arctic-boreal distribution in Northern Europe. R.aquatilisvar.diffusus With., a synonym of R.trichophyllus s.str.  islands  [TJ-2]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1137 (CAN) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2716  [PI-1].Chrysospleniumtetrandrum Th.Fr.\u2014Northern golden saxifrage | Circumpolar & CordilleranArabisalpina, Cerastiumalpinum, Poaalpina, P.glaucasubsp.glauca, P.pratensissubsp.alpigena and Saxifragacernua. Below the Kimmirut garbage dump, it grew in a lush sewage-enriched grassy meadow with Arabisalpina, Cerastiumalpinum, Salixcalcicola and S.glauca. Known from scattered sites across Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Dorset Island, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands, Newell Sound  and Nuwata  [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2661  [KM-18], 2761  [KM-16].Micranthesfoliolosa (R.Br.) Gornall   Fig. \u2014Leafy-stManning 213, CAN 10060500), Iqaluit, Jackman Sound , Resolution Island  and Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape)   .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2074  [MJ-34], 2157 (CAN) [CR-5], 2178  [GC-1],  [LR-16], 2338  [LR-12]. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2728 (CAN) [KM-5]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2679 (CAN) [PI-3].Micranthesnivalis (L.) Small   Fig. \u2014Snow saxArchambault AA271) has been re-identified as M.tenuis. Our collections are, thus, the first confirmed records of the species in Kimmirut. Newly recorded in the park. Widespread across Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Dorset Island, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands, near Griffin Bay , Iqaluit, Nuwata, Ogac Lake, Resolution Island  and Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape)  .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2017  [MJ-42], 2041  [MJ-23], 2551 (CAN) [SF-11]. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2736  [KM-7].Micranthestenuis (Wahlenb.) Small  [LR-6]. Kimmirut: Archambault AA271 (CAN) [KM-3].Saxifragaaizoides L.\u2014Yellow mountain saxifrage | North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic\u2013EuropeanAiken & LeBlanc 04-058, CAN 10060005), Resolution Island and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0060075) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2259  [LR-20], 2493  [EC-12]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n./462 [120303] , s.n. [118952] (CAN), s.n. [118957] (CAN), s.n. [118956] , s.n. [118951] , Polunin 289 (GH), Dutilly 966a , 100B (MIN), 1060 , 9091 (QFA) [KM-1].Saxifragacernua L.\u2014Nodding saxifrage | Circumpolar-alpinePotter 80858, GH 01619959)  [MJ-33], 2100 (CAN) [MJ-36], 2243  [WR-10], 2567  [SF-8]. Kimmirut: Soper s.n. (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2660  [KM-18].Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r1619959) . KatanniSaxifragacespitosa L.\u2014Tufted saxifrage | Circumpolar-alpinePotter 8093, GH 01619477), Lower Savage Islands, Ogac Lake and Resolution Island  [MJ-23], 2082  [MJ-33], 2103  [MJ-36], 2275 (CAN) [LR-25], 2351  [LR-32], 2639  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126902] , s.n. [126878] , Oldenburg 85 (MIN), Dutilly 1020 (QFA) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2663  [KM-18]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2701  [PI-2].Saxifragahyperborea R.Br. (\u2261 S.rivularisvar.hyperborea (R.Br.) Hook., \u2261 S.rivularissubsp.hyperborea (R.Br.) Dorn, \u2261 S.rivularisf.hyperborea (R.Br.) Engl. & Irmsch.)\u2014Pygmy saxifrage | Circumpolar-alpineS.rivularis in the study area and mentioned that most southern Arctic plants are S.rivularisf.hyperborea (= S.hyperborea), but he did not distinguish infraspecific taxa in his specimen citations. We are unaware of vouchers for his 1934 and 1936 observations nor have we seen a Dutilly collection from Lake Harbour  determined as S.rivularisf.hyperborea. Our collections confirm the taxon\u2019s presence in the study area. Newly recorded in the park and from Pleasant Inlet. Known from scattered sites across Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Dorset Island, Iqaluit and Ogac Lake  [MJ-40], 2076  [MJ-34], 2179  [GC-1], 2309 (CAN) [LR-6], 2336 (CAN) [LR-13]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2680 (CAN) [PI-3].Saxifragaoppositifolia L.\u2014Purple saxifrage | Circumpolar-alpineSoper s.n., CAN 10001574), Dorset Island, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands , Iqaluit, Jackman Sound , Lower Savage Islands, Nuwata , Ogac Lake and Resolution Island  [MJ-42], 2102  [MJ-36], 2145  [CR-7]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118995] (CAN), Soper s.n.  [KM-1].Saxifragapaniculata Mill.  Butters)  Fig. \u2014White moPotter 8104, GH 01616858), Iqaluit, Ogac Lake, Pangnirtung and Pond Inlet  [WR-6], 2286 (CAN) [LR-22], 2486  [EC-16], 2561 (CAN) [SF-11]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n./1195 [121037] , Polunin 429 (GH), Dutilly 1043A (MT) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2669  [KM-9], 2749  [KM-11].Saxifragatricuspidata Rottb.\u2014Prickly saxifrage | North American (N)Soper s.n., CAN 66378), Chorkbak Inlet , Dorset Island, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands , near Griffin Bay  and York Sound  [WR-1], Fleming 3023 (US) [LR-1], Saarela et al. 1955  [MJ-10], 2628  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n./484 [120325] , s.n. [126891] , s.n. [119011] , s.n./1184 [121026] , Soper s.n. (CAN), Polunin 332 (GH), Oldenburg 88, 95 (GH), Dutilly 1043, 9093 (QFA) [KM-1], Johansen 1121 (C) [KM-20], Saarela et al. 2670  [KM-9].FabalesAstragalusalpinus L.\u2014Alpine milk-vetch | Circumpolar-alpinePreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n.  [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2224  [WR-4], 2352  [LR-28], 2636  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126901] , s.n. [120290] , s.n./455 [120296] , s.n./475 [119772] , s.n. [118341] (CAN), s.n. [118342] , Soper s.n. (CAN) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2713  [PI-1].Astragaluseucosmus B.L.Rob.  is from Frobisher Bay [Iqaluit].Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2225  [WR-4], 2302  [LR-18], 2500  [LS-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n./447 [119771] , Polunin 417 (CAN) [KM-1], Archambault AA253 (CAN) [KM-4]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2712  [PI-1].Oxytropisdeflexavar.foliolosa (Hook.) Barneby (\u2261 O.deflexasubsp.foliolosa (Hook.) Cody)  Fig. \u2014Pendant Hainault & Norman 5427, CAN 10072227) is from Frobisher Bay [Iqaluit]. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic, recorded from western Victoria Island and mainland sites  [SF-26]. Vicinity of lapis lazuli site: Saarela et al. 2504  [LS-4]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1399 (US), 2333 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2658 (CAN) [KM-8]. Pleasant In let: Saarela et al. 2714  [PI-1].Oxytropismaydelliana Trautv.  A.E.Porsild)  Fig. \u2014Maydell\u2019Soper s.n., CAN 10072518), Dorset and Mallik islands, Newell Sound and Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount  [LS-1] Saarela et al. 2226  [WR-4], 2353  [LR-28], 2426  [EC-4]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118336] (CAN), s.n. [118335] (CAN), s.n. [118338] (CAN), s.n. [121024] (CAN), s.n. [119789] (CAN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Polunin s.n. (US), 334 (US) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2681 (CAN) [PI-3], 2715  [PI-1].Oxytropispodocarpa Gray  is from Frobisher Bay [Iqaluit].Newly recorded in the park and study area. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Amadjuak Bay and Iqaluit  and elseKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2541  [SF-14].Oxytropisterrae-novae Fernald  Barneby)\u2014Tundra locoweed | North American (NE)Kimmirut: Malte s.n. (CAN) [KM-1].RosalesDryasintegrifoliaVahlsubsp.integrifolia\u2014Mountain avens | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Potter 7855, GH 01588266), Iqaluit, Jackman Sound , Lower Savage Islands, Perry Bay and Resolution Island  [MJ-8], Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2459  [EC-2]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 1040 (QFA), 1044 , Malte s.n./473 [120314] , s.n. [126859] , s.n./617 [119070] , s.n./1170 [121012] , Oldenburg 89 (MIN), 96B (MIN), 121 (MIN), Sanson 23 (TRT), Soper s.n. (CAN), Tallman s.n. (MIN) [KM-1], Johansen 1123 (C) [KM-20].Potentillaanserinasubsp.groenlandica Tratt. (= Argentinaegedii (Wormsk.) Rydb., = P.anserinasubsp.egedii (Wormsk.) Hiitonen)\u2014Greenland silverweed | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic\u2013European (N)Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2629  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2765  [KM-16]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2683 (CAN) [PI-3].Potentillacrantzii (Crantz) Beck\u2014Crantz\u2019s cinquefoil | Amphi-Atlantic\u2013European\u2013Asian (W)Newly recorded in Kimmirut and the study area, based on our collection and Johansen\u2019s in 1927. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Ogac Lake . A colleKimmirut: Johansen 1122 (C) [KM-20], Saarela et al. 2754  [KM-10].PotentillahyparcticaMaltesubsp.hyparctica\u2014Arctic cinquefoil | CircumpolarNewly recorded in the park and the study area. Elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded on Mallik Island . This isKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2044  [MJ-23], 2169  [CR-4], 2311 (CAN) [LR-6].Potentillahyparcticasubsp.elatior (Abrom.) Elven & D.F.Murray (\u2261 P.emarginatavar.elatior Abrom.)\u2014Tall Arctic cinquefoil | North American (N)hyparctica in the park. On Baffin Island, recorded as far north as Clyde River. Elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Dorset and Mallik islands, Jackman Sound , Lower Savage Islands, Ogac Lake  and Resolution Island  [MJ-13], 2106a (CAN) [MJ-36], 2160 (CAN) [CR-3], 2138 (CAN) [CR-8], 2212  [GC-8], Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Aiken & Iles 02-58 (CAN) [LS-1], Soper s.n. (CAN) [SF-1], Saarela et al. 2598  [TJ-1]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 1008 , Malte s.n. [119102] (CAN), s.n. [119090] (CAN) [KM-1].Potentillanivea L.\u2014Snow cinquefoil | Circumpolar-alpineSoper s.n., CAN 10064312), Amadjuak Lake, Beekman Peninsula, Inugsuin Fiord, Iqaluit, Nettilling Lake, Ogac Lake  and Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount  [MJ-42], 2018a (CAN) [MJ-42], 2018b  [MJ-42], 1965  [MJ-11], 1957  [MJ-10], 2106b (CAN) [MJ-36], 2170 (CAN) [CR-4], 2207  [GC-9], 2227  [WR-4], 2273  [LR-25], 2274  [LR-25], 2550  [SF-11], 2625 (CAN) [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119080] (CAN), s.n. [119093] (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2778 (CAN), 2785  [KM-19].Potentillapulchella R.Br.\u2014Pretty cinquefoil | CircumpolarPreviously recorded in Kimmirut . We did Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119100] (CAN) [KM-1].Rubuschamaemorus L. ; Bell s.n., 1884-08-15, CAN 10070329) and Coats, King William, Southampton and Victoria islands  [LR-3].Sibbaldiaprocumbens L.\u2014Creeping sibbaldia | Circumpolar-alpineCalamagrostiscanadensis, Carexarctogena and C.bigelowii. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Beekman Peninsula, Brewster Point, Cornelius Grinnell Bay , Iqaluit , Newell Sound , Ogac Lake, Sunneshine Fiord and York Sound  (Newly recorded in the park and study area. This species grew in a grassy meadow with 0070492) . Not othKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2345  [LR-35].FagalesBetulaglandulosa Michx.  and Ward Inlet  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Elsewhe2475853) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2027  [MJ-6], 1919  [MJ-4], Soper s.n.  [WR-1]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118711] , s.n. [118712] , Polunin 328 (US) [KM-1], Johansen 1114 (C) [KM-20], Archambault AA269 (CAN) [KM-3].CelastralesParnassiakotzebuei Cham. & Schlecht.\u2014Kotzebue\u2019s grass-of-Parnassus | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Astragalusalpinus, Carexbigelowiisubsp.bigelowii and Salixglauca. Near Soper Falls, it grew along the sandy banks of a small pond near the park emergency shelter and outhouse with Agrostismertensii, Chamaenerionlatifolium and Oxyriadigyna. On a small island in Tasiujarjuaq, it grew on mossy turf along a rocky beach below the high water line with Chamaenerionlatifolium, Juncusarcticus and Salixarctophila. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, recorded on Banks and Victoria islands  [EC-19], 2522  [SF-24], 2599  [TJ-1]. Kimmirut: Polunin 2320, 1467 (GH) [KM-1].MalpighialesSalixarctica Pall.\u2014Arctic willow | Circumpolar-alpineScott BSL-36, CAN 10001982) (Johansen 1111 (C), from the Lake Harbour area, as Salixarctica \u00d7 S.glauca.Previously recorded in Kimmirut , but nei0001982) . OstenfeKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2058  [MJ-16], 2060  [MJ-16], 2316 (CAN) [LR-6], 2343 (CAN) [LR-14], 2569 (CAN) [SF-8]. Kimmirut: Polunin 2124, 475 (F), 285 (MICH), 302, 536 (US), 479 (NY), 907 (MIN) [KM-1].Salixarctophila Cockerell ex A.Heller , York Sound  and a site on south-eastern Baffin Island   determined a collection from Lake Harbour  as a putative hybrid between S.arctophila and S.uva-ursi in 2001. In 1932, Bj\u00f6rn Floderus determined several of Soper\u2019s collections from the park as hybrids between S.arctophila and S.glauca . Argus later annotated (without date) CAN 10023673 as \u201cprobably Salixglaucavar.cordifolia\u201d, but did not annotate the rest of the putative hybrids Floderus determined.Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Widespr0023446) . Salixarva-ursi. . George Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1917  [MJ-4], 1918  [MJ-4], 1944  [MJ-5], Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2325  [LR-14], 2326 (CAN) [LR-14], 2451 (CAN) [EC-8]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120311] , s.n. [118804] (CAN), s.n. [118803] , Oldenburg 102B (MIN) [KM-1].SalixcalcicolaFernald & Wiegandvar.calcicola  Hult\u00e9n)  Fig. \u2014LimestonPreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2246  [WR-9], 2247  [WR-9], 2260  [LR-20], 2261 (CAN) [LR-20], 2481  [EC-15]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 1062 (MT), Oldenburg 98A, 99 (MIN), Tallman s.n. (MIN), Malte s.n. [120315] (CAN), s.n. [120313] , s.n. [126863] (CAN), s.n. [126865]  [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2703  [PI-2].Salixfuscescens Anderss.\u2014Alaska bog willowS.planifolia , 2362  [LR-8].Salixglaucavar.cordifolia (Pursh) Dorn  Argus, = S.glaucasubsp.callicarpaea (Trautv.) B\u00f6cher, = S.cordifoliavar.callicarpaea (Trautv.) Fernald)  Fig. \u2014BeautifuPreviously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2059  [MJ-16], 1943  [MJ-5], 1949  [MJ-5], 2155  [CR-5], 2156  [CR-5], 2251  [WR-8], 2252  [WR-8], 2253  [WR-8], Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Aiken & Iles 02-051a (CAN) [WR-2], Saarela et al. 2324  [LR-14], 2594  [TJ-1], 2595  [TJ-1]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 9144 (MT), Malte s.n. [118611] (CAN), s.n. [118686] (CAN), s.n. [118697] , s.n. [118698] , s.n. [118707] , s.n. [118708] , s.n. [118709] , s.n. [118710] (CAN), s.n. [118809] (CAN), s.n. [118810] , s.n. [118813] (CAN), s.n. [118814] (CAN), s.n. [120297] , s.n. [120306] (CAN), s.n. [120308] , s.n. [120309] (CAN), s.n. [120310] (CAN), s.n. [120319] (CAN), s.n. [120321] , s.n. [120324] , s.n. [120327] (CAN), s.n. [120329] , s.n. [121017] (CAN), s.n. [121018] (CAN), s.n. [121020] (CAN), s.n. [121025] (CAN), s.n. [121029] (CAN), s.n. [121031] , s.n. [121033] , s.n. [126857] , s.n. [126867] , s.n. [126872] (CAN), s.n. [126874] (CAN), s.n. [126876] (CAN), s.n. [126895] , s.n. [126904] (CAN), s.n. [118812] (CAN), s.n. [118814-B] (CAN), s.n. [12031-] (CAN), Archambault AA255 (CAN) [KM-4], Saarela et al. 2671  [KM-9], 2791  [KM-19], 2763  [KM-16]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2704 (CAN) [PI-2].Salixherbacea L.  [MJ-10], 2164  [CR-2], 2165  [CR-2], 2315 (CAN) [LR-6]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118636] (CAN) [KM-1], Johansen 1113 (C) [KM-20].Salixplanifolia Pursh  states, \u201cplants growing to over 3 m tall in the shelter of the river valley\u201d. We visited the site in 2012 and determined that the largest individuals reached 3.4 m (11 ft) high. The maximum heights recorded for the tallest plants in the population in 1931, 2002 and 2012 are similar. Based on these data, environmental factors appear to limit the maximum heights of the plants at this locality.Individuals of this species are the largest plants on Baffin Island. They grow in sheltered places in the park where moisture is plentiful during the growing season and snow builds up in the winter and spring, providing protection . Soper dow River : 434. HiBetulaglandulosa and Calamagrostiscanadensis. Plants at this site reached heights of ca. 1 m. At a site near Cascade River, it formed a thicket with Betulaglandulosa on a moist, rocky slope along a creek , 1948  [MJ-5], 2153 , 2154  [CR-5], 2248 , 2249 [wood sample taken] , 2250  [WR-8], Aiken & Iles 02-051 (CAN) [WR-2], Soper s.n. (CAN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2393 , 2394  [LC-1], 2395  [LC-1], 2404 , 2405  [LC-4].Salixreticulata L.\u2014Net-vein willow | Circumpolar-alpinePotter 8691, MT00056285, n.v.), Lower Savage Islands, Resolution Island, York Sound  and a site on south-eastern Baffin Island  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Widespr0030273) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2147  [CR-6], 2216 , 2217  [GC-8]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126880] (CAN), s.n. [120307] , s.n. [126870] , s.n. [118650] (CAN), s.n. [121016] (CAN), s.n. [121043] (CAN), s.n. [121019] (CAN), Polunin 453 (US), Oldenburg 82 , Archambault AA256 (CAN) [KM-4], Saarela et al. 2672 , 2673  [KM-9].Salixuva-ursi Pursh , Peale Point and the Penny Highlands  [CR-1], Saarela et al. 2149  [CR-9]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118657] (CAN), s.n. [118655] (CAN), s.n. [118634] , s.n. [118656] , Polunin 301 (US) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2695  [PI-3], 2699  [PI-2], 2721 (CAN) [PI-1].MyrtalesChamaenerionangustifolium(L.)Scop.subsp.angustifolium  Holub)\u2014Fireweed | Circumboreal-polarArnicaangustifolia, Betulaglandulosa, Carexbigelowii, Chamaenerionlatifolium, Festucabrachyphylla, Saxifragatricuspidata, Vacciniumuliginosum and V.vitis-idaea. Plants at this site were not in bud or flower on 1 July 2012, our sampling date. Soper\u2019s collection, gathered along the Soper River on 1 July 1931, also bears no reproductive material. Near Livingstone River, it grew along a meadow edge, in a low Betula\u2013Salix thicket and in the understorey of a large Salix stand. At this site, plants were in bud (13 July 2012). Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Apex Hill , Beekman Peninsula, the head of Cumberland Sound and Pangnirtung  [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1954  [MJ-10], 2402  [LC-3].Chamaenerionlatifolium (L.) Sweet  Holub)\u2014River beauty | Circumpolar-alpineSoper s.n., CAN 10001730), Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands , near Griffin Bay , Iqaluit, Jackman Sound  and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Newly r0001756) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1967  [MJ-11]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n./479 [120320] , s.n. [126853] , s.n./559 [119128] , Soper s.n. (CAN) [KM-1], Johansen 1124 (C) [KM-20]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2700  [PI-2].BrassicalesArabidopsisarenicola (Richardson ex Hook.) Al-Shehbaz, Elven, D.F.Murray & Warwick (\u2261 Arabisarenicola (Richardson ex Hook.) Gelert)  Fig. \u2014Arctic rDrury 5491, CAN 10051626)  and Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0051626) . Elsewhees Cape) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1963 (CAN) [MJ-11], 2222  [WR-4], 2329  [LR-29], 2429 (CAN) [EC-7], 2560  [SF-7], 2570 (CAN) [SF-4]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118878]  [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2705  [PI-2].Arabisalpina L.\u2014Alpine rockcress | Amphi-Atlantic\u2013European\u2013Asian (W) & tropical mountainsPreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2559  [SF-7]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126873] , s.n./1181 [121023] , Soper s.n. , Polunin 347, 1973 (GH), 421 (CAN), 910 (US), Dutilly 993 (DAO), 1004 , 1046 (CAN), Oldenburg 97, 100A (GH) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2659  [KM-18].BrayaglabellaRichardsonsubsp.glabella\u2014Smooth northern rockcress | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Previously recorded in Kimmirut . We did Kimmirut: Polunin 1121 (CAN) [KM-1]Brayaglabellasubsp.purpurascens (R.Br.) Cody (\u2261 B.purpurascens R.Br.)\u2014Purple rockcress | Circumpolar\u2013CordilleranPorsild 21552, CAN 10053157) is from Iqaluit.Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2269 (CAN) [LR-23], 2544 (CAN) [SF-12], 2549 (CAN) [SF-9]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n./453 [120294] , Polunin 2327 (GH) [KM-1].Cardaminebellidifolia L.\u2014Alpine bittercress | Circumpolar-alpinePotter 8023, GH 01098636), Ogac Lake, Resolution Island  and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Aiken e0054119) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2025 (CAN) [MJ-21], 2040 (CAN) [MJ-23], 2114 (CAN) [MJ-37], 2158 (CAN) [CR-5], 2312 (CAN) [LR-6]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1243 (GH), 1408 (US) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2727  [KM-5].Cardaminepolemonioides Rouy  O.E.Schultz)\u2014Nyman\u2019s bittercress | CircumpolarWynne-Edwards 7278, CAN 10054252)  .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2494  [EC-11], 2518 (CAN) [SF-23], 2597  [TJ-1].Cochleariagroenlandica L.  A.E.Porsild, = C.officinalissubsp.arctica (D.F.K.Schltdl.) Hult\u00e9n)\u2014Greenland scurvygrass | CircumpolarCarexmaritima, Juncusarcticus, J.triglumissubsp.albescens and Salixarctophila and in a moist mossy depression near the Kimmirut boat landing on Tasiujarjuaq. Widespread on Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands, Iqaluit, Ogac Lake and at least two additional sites along Hudson Strait  [SF-26], 2608 (CAN) [TJ-4]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1100 (GH) [KM-1].Drabaalpina L.\u2014Alpine draba | Amphi-AtlanticEquisetumarvense and Salixherbacea. Known from scattered sites across Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Bowdoin Harbour [Schooner Harbour] , Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands  and Lower Savage Islands , s.n. [126881] (CAN), Oldenburg 93 (MIN) [KM-1]. Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2553 (CAN) [SF-11].Drabaarctica J.Vahl  [MJ-23], 2509 (CAN) [SF-15].Drabacrassifolia Graham\u2014Snowbed draba | Cordilleran & Amphi-Atlantic (W)McLaren 31, CAN 10054987) is from the Beekman Peninsula. Elsewhere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, recorded on Southampton Island (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Elsewhen Island .Kimmirut: Polunin 2311 (CAN) [KM-1].Drabafladnizensis Wulfen\u2014Austrian draba | Circumpolar-alpineBistortavivipara, Carexnorvegica, Rhododendronlapponicum and Saxifragatricuspidata. At \u201cPanorama Falls\u201d, it grew on a steep, rocky slope with Arctousalpina, Betulaglandulosa, Empetrumnigrum and R.lapponicum. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from ca. eight scattered sites  [MJ-42], 2045 (CAN), 2047 (CAN) [MJ-23].Drabaglabella Pursh  [WR-1], Aiken & Iles 02-060 a (CAN) [LS-1], Saarela et al. 2035 (CAN) [MJ-14], 2042  [MJ-23], 2214  [GC-8], 2268 , 2272 (CAN) [LR-23], 2303  [LR-18], 2365  [LR-9], 2508  [SF-15], 2515  [SF-16]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126864] , s.n./451 [120292] , s.n. [126849] , s.n. [118917] (CAN), s.n. [118918] , s.n./608 , Polunin 375 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2662  [KM-18], 2734 (CAN) [KM-7], 2781 (CAN), 2786 (CAN) [KM-19]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2726 (CAN) [PI-1].Drabalactea Adams , Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands, Iqaluit, Lower Savage Islands, Ogac Lake, Resolution Island and York Sound .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2020 (CAN) [MJ-42], 2084 , 2085 (CAN) [MJ-33], 2105  [MJ-36], 2310 (CAN) [LR-6], 2510 (CAN) [SF-15], 2568  [SF-8], 2635  [TJ-3].Drabanivalis Lilj.  [LC-3], 1993 (CAN) [MJ-41], 2019b (CAN) [MJ-42], 2021 (CAN) [MJ-42], 2043 (CAN), 2046 (CAN) [MJ-23], 2052 (CAN), 2053 (CAN) [MJ-22], 2270 (CAN) [LR-23], 2333 (CAN) [LR-29], 2542 (CAN), 2547 (CAN) [SF-12], 2556 (CAN) [SF-11]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118925] (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2730 (CAN) [KM-5].Eutremaedwardsii R.Br.\u2014Edward\u2019s eutrema | Circumpolar-alpineCarroll s.n., CAN 10057728), Dorset and Mallik islands and Iqaluit  [SF-1], s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2004  [MJ-18], 2055  [MJ-17], 2066 (CAN) [MJ-30], 2088 (CAN) [MJ-33], 2098  [MJ-35], 2313 (CAN) [LR-6], 2735 (CAN) [KM-7]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 9096 (QFA) [KM-1].Physariaarctica (Wormsk. ex Hornem.) O\u2019Kane & Al-Shehbaz (\u2261 Lesquerellaarctica (Wormsk. ex Hornem.) S.Watson)\u2014Arctic bladderpod | Asian (N)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2271 (CAN) [LR-23], 2543  [SF-12]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [118935] , s.n./1180 [121022] , Oldenburg 117 (GH) [KM-1], Archambault AA274 (CAN) [KM-3], Saarela et al. 2732 (CAN) [KM-5].CaryophyllalesArmeriascabra Pall. ex Roem. & Schult. (\u2261 A.maritimasubsp.sibirica (Turcz. ex Boiss.) Nyman)\u2014Sea thrift | CircumpolarArtemisiaborealis, Carexbigelowii, C.nardina, C.rupestris, Chamaenerionlatifolium and Sileneacaulis. At the Soper and Livingstone rivers\u2019 confluence, it grew in a lush meadow with Anthoxanthummonticola, Arctousalpina, Astragalusalpinus, Betulaglandulosa, Oxytropismaydelliana and Pyrolagrandiflora. Widespread across Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Amadjuak Bay, between Amadjuak Bay and Chorkbak Inlet, Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit, Perry Bay  and Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly res Cape) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1964  [MJ-11], 2354  [LR-28]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119108] (CAN), s.n. [119110] , s.n. [119113] , Polunin 351 , Dutilly 1027 (QFA) [KM-1].Bistortavivipara (L.) Delarbre (\u2261 Polygonumviviparum L.)\u2014Alpine bistort | Circumboreal-polarWynne-Edwards 7326, CAN 10033070) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0033070) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2180  [GC-4], 2539  [SF-25], 1997  [MJ-12], 2038  [MJ-44]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126893] (CAN), s.n. [118721] (CAN), Oldenburg 79 (MIN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Dutilly 1002 (QFA) [KM-1], Johansen 1115 (C) [KM-20], Archambault AA252 (CAN) [KM-4].Koenigiaislandica L.  [GC-4], 2539  [SF-25]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1141 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2770  [KM-16].Oxyriadigyna Hill\u2014Mountain sorrel, alpine sorrel | Circumpolar-alpineJotcham s.n., ACAD- ECS004504, CAN 10035611, QFA-210571), Resolution Island and Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly res Cape) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1990  [MJ-40], 2080  [MJ-33]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120298] , s.n. [118714] (CAN), Oldenburg 105 , Soper s.n. (CAN), Dutilly 1048 (QFA), 9085 (QFA) [KM-1], Johansen 1116 (C) [KM-20]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2724  [PI-1].Arenariahumifusa Wahlenb.\u2014Creeping sandwort | North American (N)\u2013Amphi-AtlanticPreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2477 (CAN) [EC-15]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [121009] (CAN) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2725 (CAN) [PI-1].Arenarialongipedunculata Hult\u00e9n\u2014Long-stemmed sandwort | Amphi-Beringian\u2013Cordilleran\u2013North American (N)?Newly recorded for the park, study area, Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Nunavut. Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2776 (CAN) [KM-19].Cerastiumalpinum L.  Ces.)\u2014Alpine chickweed | Amphi-Atlantic (W)Cerastiumalpinum aggregate, including C.arcticum, is a taxonomically complicated polyploid group  (The id group . Earlierderstood . Cerastithe park . Widespr0018153) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1962  [MJ-11], 1989  [MJ-40], 2390  [LR-29], 2634  [TJ-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126896] (CAN), s.n. [126858] , s.n. [118747] (CAN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Dutilly 1001 (GH) [KM-1].Cerastiumarcticum Lange\u2014Arctic mouse-ear chickweed | North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic\u2013European (N)Previously recorded in Kimmirut . We did Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126899]  [KM-1].Cherleriabiflora (L.) A.J.Moore & Dillenb. \u2014Mountain stitchwort | Circumpolar-alpineWynne-Edwards 7308, CAN 10046757) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0046757) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2213  [GC-8], 2432  [EC-7]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 1099 (CAN), Polunin 2325 (CAN), 2309 (US), 2640 (GH) [KM-1].Honckenyapeploidessubsp.diffusa (Hornem.) Hult\u00e9n (\u2261 Arenariapeploidesvar.diffusa Hornem.)\u2014Seabeach sandwort | CircumpolarPotter 8212, GH 01744527, MT00056276), Cormack Bay, Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit, Jackman Sound  and Ogac Lake  [SF-17], 2611 (CAN) [TJ-6]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2686  [PI-3], 2708  [PI-2].Sabulinarossii (R.Br. ex Richardson) Dillenb. & Kadereit (\u2261 Minuartiarossii (R.Br. ex Richardson) Graebn.)\u2014Ross\u2019s stitchwort | Amphi-Beringian (E)\u2013North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)Gillespie et al. 6726, CAN 1004679) has been re-determined as Cherleriabiflora.Newly recorded in the park and study area. Known from scattered collections on Baffin Island, most on the west side and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Dorset Island and Iqaluit . We are Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2276 (CAN) [LR-25], 2485 (CAN) [EC-16], 2527 (CAN) [SF-26].Sabulinarubella (Wahlenb.) Dillenb. & Kadereit (\u2261 Arenariarubella (Wahlenb.) Sm., \u2261 Minuartiarubella (Wahlenb.) Hiern)\u2014Reddish stitchwort | Circumpolar-alpineMcLaren 46, CAN 10044202) and Ogac Lake  [MJ-11], 2051 (CAN) [MJ-2], 2115  [MJ-39], 2330  [LR-29], 2364 (CAN) [LR-8], 2513 (CAN) [SF-15], 2546 (CAN) [SF-12], 2555 (CAN) [SF-11], 2583 (CAN) [SF-20]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126850] , s.n. [126897] , s.n. [121021]  [KM-1], Archambault AA291 (CAN) [KM-3], Saarela et al. 2729 (CAN) [KM-5].Sabulinastricta (Sw.) Rchb. (\u2261 Minuartiastricta (Sw.) Hiern; = Arenariauliginosa Schleich. ex Lam. & DC.)\u2014Bog stitchwort | Circumpolar-alpineCassiopetetragona, Dryasintegrifolia, Rhododendronlapponicum and Salixreticulata. Widespread, but scattered on Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Beekman Peninsula, Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit and Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount  [LR-23]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1166 (GH), 2342  [KM-1].Saginanodosasubsp.borealis G.E.Crow (= S.nodosaf.bulbillosa Polunin)\u2014Northern knotted pearlwort | North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic\u2013European (N)\u2013Asian (N)CAN is the holotype of the name Saginanodosaf.bulbillosa Polunin.Previously recorded in Kimmirut . PoluninKimmirut: Polunin 2312  [KM-1].Sileneacaulis (L.) Jacq.\u2014Moss campion | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American\u2013Amphi-Atlantic\u2013European (N/C)\u2013Asian (NW)Robinson 11, GH 01751207), Chorkbak Inlet, Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands, Iqaluit, Lower Savage Islands, Perry Bay  and Resolution Island  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r1751210) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1987  [MJ-40], 2431  [EC-7]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126855] , s.n. [126875] , s.n. [126903] , s.n. [118761] , Johansen 1119 (C) [KM-20].Sileneinvolucrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bocquet (= Melandriumaffine (J.Vahl ex Fr.) J.Vahl)\u2014Arctic catchfly | Circumpolar-alpineWynne-Edwards 7366, CAN 10045065), Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula, Ogac Lake and Ward Inlet  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r3631086) . Researc3631086) . PendingKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1981 (CAN) [MJ-11], 2037  [MJ-44], 2099 (CAN) [MJ-36], 2168  [CR-4], 2245  [WR-9]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 1025 , Malte s.n. [126852] , s.n. [118767] (CAN), s.n./464 [120305] , s.n./642 [118768]  [KM-1], Oldenburg 91 (MIN), Polunin 434 (GH) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2682 (CAN) [PI-3].Sileneuralensissubsp.arctica (Fr.) Bocquet  Hult\u00e9n)\u2014Arctic nodding catchfly | CircumpolarSileneuralensis taxonomy that S.uralensissubsp.uralensis. S.uralensissubsp.arctica, which they mapped in the study area.We follow the Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126884] (CAN), s.n. [118771] (CAN) [KM-1].Sileneuralensis(Rupr.)Bocquetsubsp.uralensis  Fenzl)\u2014Nodding catchfly | European (NE)\u2013Asian (N)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Newly recorded in the park and study area. See taxonomic comments under the previous taxon.Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2266 (CAN) [LR-23], 2475 (CAN) [EC-15], 2484  [EcC-16], 2582  [SF-20].Stellariahumifusa Rottb.\u2014Salt-marsh starwort | Circumpolar\u2013Amphi-PacificPreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2609  [TJ-6]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126851] , s.n. [126892] , s.n. [118786] (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2767  [KM-16]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2685  [PI-3].Stellarialongipes Goldie \u2014Long-stalked starwort | Circumboreal-polarManning 264, CAN 10049954), Iqaluit, Nuwata , Perry Bay, Resolution Island  and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Widespr0049379) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1971  [MJ-8], 2073 (CAN) [MJ-43], 2206  [GC-9], 2447  [EC-8]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126892] , s.n. [118788]  [KM-1], Johansen 1118 (C) [KM-20], Saarela et al. 2790  [KM-19].Viscariaalpina (L.) G.Don  Greuter & Burdet)  Fig. \u2014Alpine cBetula-Salix thicket on a steep, east-facing slope with Cassiopetetragona, Dryasintegrifolia, Salixreticulata and Vacciniumvitis-idaea. Above the Willow River, it was locally common on a south-facing slope near a large Salixplanifolia stand in which the tallest shrubs reached 11 ft [3.4 m] with Arctousalpina, Betulaglandulosa, Calamagrostiscanadensis, Empetrumnigrum, Festucabrachyphylla, Luzulaspicata and Stellarialongipes. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Newell Sound  and Ogac Lake  [EC-17], 2241  [WR-7].Montiafontana L. (= M.lamprosperma Cham.)  Fig. \u2014Water blCarexbicolor, Koenigiaislandica, Potentillaanserinasubsp.groenlandica, Puccinelliaphryganodessubsp.neoarctica and P.tenellasubsp.langeana. Plants were abundant and large due to the nutrient-rich environment. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Brewster Point , Cormack Bay, Dorset Island, Great Plain of the Koukdjuak , Iqaluit and Newell Sound   . PorsildKimmirut: Saarela et al. 2769  [KM-16].Primulaegaliksensis Wormskj.\u2014Greenland primrose | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)Our collections are the first records for Kimmirut, the study area, Baffin Island and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Kimmirut: Saarela et al. 2606  [TJ-4], 2640 (CAN) [TJ-3].Diapensialapponica L.  [SF-1], s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Aiken & Iles 02-063 (CAN) [SF-2], Saarela et al. 1974  [MJ-8], 1984  [MJ-13], 2161  [CR-2], 2423  [EC-7]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119150] (CAN), s.n. [119132] (CAN), s.n. [121042] (CAN) [KM-1], Johansen 1134 (C) [KM-20]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2675  [PI-3].Andromedapolifolia L.\u2014Bog rosemary | Circumboreal-polarNewly recorded from the park, study area and Baffin Island. Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2186  [GC-3].Arctousalpina (L.) Nied.  Spreng.)\u2014Alpine bearberry | Circumpolar-alpinePotter 8153, GH 01536684), Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape) and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0075753) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1975  [MJ-8], 1995 (CAN) [MJ-41], 2418  [EC-7]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119054] (US), s.n. [126894] , s.n. [119051] (CAN), s.n. [119052] , s.n. [119053] , Soper s.n. (CAN), Polunin 324 (CAN) [KM-1], Johansen 1127 (C) [KM-20].Cassiopetetragona(L.)D.Donsubsp.tetragona\u2014Arctic heather | Circumpolar-alpineWynne-Edwards 7243, CAN 10076133), Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape)  and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Newly r2992156) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1940  [MJ-5]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126866] , Dutilly 1058, 9131 (QFA), 1485 (MT) [KM-1], Johansen 1132 (O) [KM-20]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2678  [PI-3].Empetrumnigrum L.\u2014Crowberry | Circumboreal-polarPotter 7517, GH 01562721) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Newly r1562721) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n.  [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1973  [MJ-8]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119118] (CAN), s.n. [119120] (CAN), s.n. [119119] (CAN) [KM-1], Johansen 1117 (C) [KM-20]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2702  [PI-2].Harrimanellahypnoides (L.) Coville (\u2261 Cassiopehypnoides (L.) D.Don)  Fig. \u2014Moss heaPotter 8151, GH 01593315), Lower Savage Islands, Ogac Lake, Resolution Island  and Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount  [MJ-14], 2159  [CR-3], 2417  [EC-7], 2566  [SF-5], Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126886] , s.n. [119039] (CAN), s.n./1196 [121038] , Polunin 1119 (GH) [KM-1], Johansen 1133 (O) [KM-20]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2677 (CAN) [PI-3].Kalmiaprocumbens (L.) Gift, Kron & P.F.Stevens ex Galasso, Banfi & F.Conti. (\u2261 Loiseleuriaprocumbens (L.) Desv.)  Fig. \u2014Alpine aPreviously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2562  [SF-6], 2612  [TJ-6]. Kimmirut: Soper s.n. , Malte s.n. [121041] (CAN), Polunin 1130 (GH) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2674 (CAN) [PI-3].Orthiliasecundasubsp.obtusata (Turcz.) B\u00f6cher (\u2261 Pyrolasecundavar.obtusata Turcz.)\u2014One-sided wintergreen | Asian (N/C)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North AmericanNewly recorded from the park, study area, Baffin Island and the eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2489 (CAN) [EC-18].Phyllodocecaerulea (L.) Bab. , Ogac Lake, Penny Highlands, \u201cWinton Bay Lake\u201d  and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Newly r0074912) . Not othKatannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2034  [MJ-14], 2146  [CR-7], 2563  [SF-6]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126856] (CAN), s.n. [119055] (CAN), s.n. [121014] (CAN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Dutilly 1051, 9133 (QFA), Polunin 1119 (CAN) [KM-1], Johansen 1130 (O) [KM-20]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2676  [PI-3].Pyrolagrandiflora Radius\u2014Large-flowered wintergreen | CircumpolarPotter 8142, MT00056280), Iqaluit, Lower Savage Islands, Resolution Island  and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Widespr0074070) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1921  [MJ-4], 2129  [CR-12], 2357  [LR-28]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119036] (CAN), s.n. [119035] (CAN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Dutilly 9110 (QFA) [KM-1], Johansen 1126 (C) [KM-20].Rhododendronlapponicum (L.) Wahlenb.  A.P.Khokhr.)\u2014Lapland rosebay | Asian (NE)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Known fKatannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [SF-1], Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1958  [MJ-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120295] (CAN), s.n. [119061] (CAN), Oldenburg 114 (MIN), Polunin 471 (US), Soper s.n. (CAN), Dutilly 9132 (QFA) [KM-1].Rhododendrontomentosumsubsp.decumbens (Aiton) Elven & D.F.Murray (\u2261 Ledumdecumbens (Aiton) Lodd. ex Steud., \u2261 L.palustrevar.decumbens Aiton, \u2261 L.palustresubsp.decumbens (Aiton) Hult\u00e9n; = R.subarcticum Harmaja, = R.tomentosumsubsp.subarcticum (Harmaja) G.D.Wallace)\u2014Northern Labrador tea | Asian (N/C)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Aiken & McJanett 97-060, CAN 10076574), Iqaluit, Perry Bay , Winton Bay  and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Widespr0076607) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1916  [MJ-4]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119047] (CAN), s.n. [119043]  [KM-1], Johansen 1131 (O) [KM-20], Archambault AA266 (CAN) [KM-3].Vacciniumuliginosum L. (= V.uliginosumsubsp.microphyllum (Lange) Tolm.)\u2014Bilberry | Circumboreal-polarHurst 6, CAN 10076628), Cape Haven, Cormack Bay , Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit and Lower Savage Islands  [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1942  [MJ-5], 2363  [LR-8]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119062] (CAN) [KM-1], Johansen 1129 (C) [KM-20].Vacciniumvitis-idaeasubsp.minus  Hult\u00e9n\u2014Mountain cranberry | Circumboreal-polarAiken 89-069, CAN 10076876), Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit, Lower Savage Islands and Peter Force Island  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0076890) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 1923  [MJ-4], 2425  [EC-6], Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120318] (CAN), s.n. [119066]  [KM-1], Johansen 1128 (C) [KM-20].BoraginalesMertensiamaritimasubsp.tenella (Th.Fr.) Elven & Skarpaas\u2014Seaside bluebells | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)McLaren 9, CAN 10077976), Brewster Point , Cormack Bay , Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands , Iqaluit and Ogac Lake  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly r0077980) .Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119117] (CAN) [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2687  [PI-3], 2709  [PI-2].LamialesHippurislanceolata Retz.\u2014Lance-leaved mare\u2019s-tail | CircumpolarH.vulgaris; it has been redetermined as H.lanceolata. We follow the Hippuris taxonomy of Newly recorded in Kimmirut, the park, Pleasant Inlet and the study area. Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2189 (CAN) [GC-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [121005]  [KM-1]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2717  [PI-1].Hippurisvulgaris L.  and Bylot Island  [LC-3], 2444  [EC-10], 2604  [TJ-2]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. (MT) [KM-1], Johansen 1125 (C) [KM-20].Plantagomaritima L.  A.Blytt)  Fig. \u2014Seaside Carexbicolor, C.subspathacea, C.ursina, Puccinelliaphryganodessubsp.neoarctica, P.tenellasubsp.langeana and Stellariahumifusa. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, recorded from Brewster Point and Cormack Bay  [PI-3].Pinguiculavulgaris L.\u2014Common butterwort | Amphi-Pacific\u2013North American\u2013Amphi-Atlantic\u2013EuropeanPreviously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . GillespKatannilik Territorial Park: Aiken & Iles 02-053 (CAN) [LS-1], Saarela et al. 2264 (CAN) [LR-20], 2381  [LR-7], 2478  [EC-14], 2531 (CAN) [SF-28], 2565  [SF-5]. Kimmirut: Polunin 2348 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2787 (CAN) [KM-13].Utriculariaochroleuca R.W.Hartm.\u2014Yellowish-white bladderwort | Circumboreal?Newly recorded for the park, study area, Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Nunavut. Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2464  [EC-1].Bartsiaalpina L. , Jackman Sound , Ogac Lake and York Sound  [LS-1], Saarela et al. 2258  [LR-20], 2421 (CAN) [EC-7], 2483  [EC-16], 2536  [SF-10]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119137] , s.n./1166 [121008] , Soper s.n. (CAN), Polunin 416 (GH), 1154 (CAN), 1464 (US) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2667  [KM-9].Pedicularisflammea L. , Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands, near Griffen Bay , Iqaluit, Jackman Sound , Lower Savage Islands, Ogac Lake, Perry Bay and Resolution Island  [WR-1], Aiken & Iles 02-048 (CAN) [CR-1], Saarela et al. 1969  [MJ-8], 2210  [GC-8], 2323 (CAN) [LR-14], 2422  [EC-7]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n./446 [120287] , s.n. [126882] , s.n. [119159] (CAN), s.n. [119158] (CAN), s.n. [119157] (CAN), s.n. [119155] (CAN), Oldenburg 109 (MIN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Polunin 454 (GH), 410 (CAN), Dutilly 1045a (CAN), 9105 (QFA), 9107 (QFA) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2665  [KM-9], 2750  [KM-11].Pedicularishirsuta L.\u2014Hairy lousewort | CircumpolarRobinson 4a, GH 02079070), Chorkbak Inlet, Dorset Island, Iqaluit, Jackman Sound , Ogac Lake , Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount and York Sound  (Previously recorded in the park . Widespr0080943) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n.  [WR-1], Saarela et al. 2057 (CAN) [MJ-16], 2067 (CAN) [MJ-43], 2075  [MJ-34], 2317  [LR-15].Pedicularislabradorica Wirsing\u2014Labrador lousewort | Asian (N/C)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . ElsewheKatannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Aiken & Iles 02-043 b (CAN) [MJ-1], Saarela et al. 1941 , 1945  [MJ-5]. Kimmirut: Polunin 1182 (GH) [KM-1], Johansen 1135 (C) [KM-20].Pedicularislanata Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl.\u2014Woolly lousewort | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Soper s.n., CAN 10080275), between Amadjuak Bay and Chorkbak Inlet , Amadjuak Lake, Brewster Point, Dorset and Mallik islands and Ukiurjak (formerly King Charles Cape) (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Widespres Cape) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [SF-1], Saarela et al. 2265  [LR-23], 2479  [EC-14], 2514  [SF-15]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120286] (CAN), s.n. [126854] , Oldenburg 107 (MIN), 116 (MIN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Dutilly 1045 (CAN) [KM-1], Archambault AA254 (CAN) [KM-4], Saarela et al. 2792  [KM-12].Pedicularislapponica L. , Ogac Lake  and Ward Inlet  [WR-1], Aiken & Iles 02-021 (CAN) [MJ-1], Saarela et al. 1946  [MJ-5], 2564  [SF-5]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [126883] , s.n. [119179] (CAN), s.n. [119177] , s.n. [119176] , s.n. [119178] , Oldenburg 77 (MIN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Polunin 430, 1160, 1243 (GH), Dutilly 9104 (QFA) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2780 (CAN) [KM-19].AsteralesCampanularotundifolia L.\u2014Harebell | Circumboreal-polarAnthoxanthummonticola, Carexarctogena, C.bigelowii, Poaarctica and Stellarialongipes and on the lower slopes of ridges at the edge of a low willow thicket with Anthoxanthummonticola, Salixuva-ursi, Saxifragatricuspidata and Vacciniumuliginosum. Elsewhere on Baffin Island, known from scattered sites on the Hall and Cumberland Peninsulas, Beekman Peninsula, Brewster Point, Newell Sound and Ogac Lake  [LC-3], 2448  [EC-8].Melanocalyxuniflora (L.) Morin (\u2261 Campanulauniflora L.)\u2014Arctic bellflower | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)\u2013Amphi-AtlanticSoper s.n., CAN 10082068), Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit, Pritzler Harbour and Resolution Island  [MJ-4], 2400  [LC-3]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [120291] (CAN), Soper s.n. (CAN), Polunin 1253 (CAN), Dutilly 1050  [KM-1].Antennariaalpinasubsp.canescens (Lange) Chmiel. (\u2261 A.canescens (Lange) Malte)\u2014Alpine pussytoes | Amphi-Beringian (E)?\u2013North American\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)McLaren 61, CAN 10082580, McLaren 62, CAN 10082585), Ogac Lake and a few sites further north  [MJ-33], 2167  [CR-4], 2307 (CAN) [LR-5], 2524 (CAN) [SF-24], 2552  [SF-11]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119192] (CAN), Polunin 1258 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2733  [KM-7], 2777  [KM-19].Antennariafriesiana(Trautv.)E.Ekmansubsp.friesiana (= A.ekmaniana A.E.Porsild)  Fig. \u2014Fries\u2019 pBell s.n., CAN 10083285), Dorset Island, Iqaluit, Newell Sound  and Ogac Lake  [MJ-1], Saarela et al. 1920  [MJ-4], 2039 (CAN) [MJ-23].Antennariamonocephalasubsp.angustata (Greene) Hult\u00e9n (\u2261 A.angustata Greene)\u2014Pygmy pussy-toes | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . RecordeKatannilik Territorial Park: Soper s.n. (CAN) [WR-1], Aiken & Iles 02-049 (CAN) [LR-2], 02-057 (CAN) [LS-1], Saarela et al. 2166  [CR-4], 2306 (CAN) [LR-5], 2424  [EC-7], 2449  [EC-8], 2554  [SF-11]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119193] (CAN), s.n. [119191] (CAN), s.n. [119190] (CAN), Polunin 2308 (CAN), Dutilly 991 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2668 (CAN) [KM-9], 2779 (CAN) [KM-19].ArnicaangustifoliaVahlsubsp.angustifolia\u2014Alpine arnica | North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)Wynne-Edwards 7404, CAN 10082858; Wynne-Edwards 7364, CAN 10082859), Iqaluit, Ogac Lake and Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount  [WR-1], Saarela et al. 1956  [MJ-10], 2139  [CR-8]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 1006 (CAN), 1007 (QFA), Malte s.n. [119195] (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2784  [KM-19].ArtemisiaborealisPallassubsp.borealis\u2014Boreal wormwood | European (NE)\u2013Asian (N/C)\u2013Amphi-Beringian\u2013Cordilleran\u2013North American (N)Wynne-Edwards 7403, CAN 10083894), Iqaluit, Ogac Lake  and York Sound  (Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Elsewhe0083890) .Katannilik Territorial Park: Aiken & Iles 02-043 (CAN), 02-043a (CAN), 02-045 (CAN) [MJ-1], Saarela et al. 1966  [MJ-11], 2391  [LR-29], 2392  [LR-29]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119196] , Polunin 1239 (US), 1250 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2747  [KM-11].Erigeroneriocephalus J.Vahl  Cronquist)\u2014Woolly-headed fleabane | CircumpolarNewly recorded in the park and study area. Widespread on Baffin Island and elsewhere on southern Baffin Island, recorded from Beekman Peninsula, Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands, Iqaluit, Ogac Lake and York Sound .Katannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2231  [WR-4], 2578  [SF-3].Erigeronhumilis Graham\u2014Low fleabane | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)\u2013Amphi-Atlantic (W)Previously recorded in Kimmirut and the park . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Aiken & Iles 02-042 a (CAN) [MJ-1], Saarela et al. 2215 (CAN) [GC-8], 2229  [WR-4], 2296 (CAN) [LR-27], 2430  [EC-7], 2512  [SF-15], 2523 (CAN) [SF-24], 2620  [TJ-1]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119200], s.n. [119199] , Polunin 1251 (US), Dutilly 1041 (QFA), Soper s.n. (CAN) [KM-1], Archambault AA261 (CAN) [KM-4]. Pleasant Inlet: Saarela et al. 2723  [PI-1].Hulteniellaintegrifolia (Richardson) Tzvelev (\u2261 Chrysanthemumintegrifolium Richardson)\u2014Small arctic daisy | Amphi-Beringian\u2013North American (N)Soper s.n., CAN 10084624), Dorset and Mallik islands, Foxe Peninsula near Wildbird Islands, Iqaluit and Silliman\u2019s Fossil Mount  [SF-2], Saarela et al. 2482  [EC-16], 2507  [SF-15], 2548  [SF-13]. Kimmirut: Dutilly 998 , 9112 (CAN), Polunin 407 (CAN) [KM-1].Taraxacum taxonomy follows Taraxacumceratophorum (Ledeb.) DC. \u2014Horned dandelion | Circumboreal-polarSoper s.n., CAN 10089548), Brewster Point, Dorset and Mallik islands, Iqaluit, Lower Savage Islands  and Ogac Lake  [MJ-10], 2063  [MJ-30], 2089 (CAN) [MJ-38]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119207] (S), s.n. [120293] (S), s.n.  [EC-7].Taraxacumlapponicum Kihlman ex Hand.-Mazz. , Iqaluit , Newell Sound , Ogac Lake  and York Sound .Previously recorded in Kimmirut . Newly rKatannilik Territorial Park: Saarela et al. 2117  [MJ-39], 2205  [GC-9], 2348  [LR-35], 2367  [LR-9], 2408 (CAN) [LC-3], 2433  [EC-9], 2502  [LS-2], 2537  [SF-10], 2577  [SF-18], 2596 (CAN) [TJ-1]. Kimmirut: Malte s.n. [119208] (CAN), Polunin 1727 (US), 2300 (CAN) [KM-1], Saarela et al. 2664  [KM-18], 2756  [KM-15], 2789  [KM-19].Cerastiumbeeringianum Cham. & Schltdl.\u2014CAN-52230) from Koukdjuak River [Soper River]. We were unable to locate this voucher. The species is otherwise known from scattered sites across southern Baffin Island, including Upper Savage Islands  (0046312) .Eriophorumrusseolum Fr. ex Hartm.\u2014Eriophorumchamissonisf.albidum (F.Nyl.) Fernald from inland of Lake Harbour. E.russeolumvar.albidum Nyl. in the Kimmirut area. E.russeolumsubsp.leiocarpum M.S.Novos. from the study area vicinity area, based on Euphrasiawettsteinii G.L.Gusarova\u2014Euphrasiaarctica Lange ex Rostr. in Lake Harbour, based on his collection no. 2347 taken in 1936, and some later treatments mapped the record (E.arctica has been misapplied in the Canadian Arctic. Plants on Baffin Island are now ascribed to E.wettsteinii.e record . Aiken ePuccinelliaangustata (R.Br.) E.L.Rand & Redfield\u2014Polunin 1163, CAN), which Polunin had determined as P.vaginatavar.paradoxa T.J.S\u00f8rensen (= P.vaginata) as this species. J.M. Saarela confirmed the identification as P.vaginata in 2012. A 1934 collection  identified as P.angustata requires physical examination to confirm its identity. If confirmed, this would be the southernmost record of the taxon on Baffin Island, based on the map in Tephroserispalustrissubsp.congesta (R.Br.) Holub\u2014"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-022-22862-1, published online 25 October 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 46, which was incorrectly given as:J. Pers. 87, 620 (2019).Daniel, E. Value development during adolescence: Dimensions of change and stability. The correct reference is listed below:J. Pers., 87(3), 620\u2013632 (2019).Daniel, E., & Benish\u2010Weisman, M. Value development during adolescence: Dimensions of change and stability. The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide and could be preventable by vaccination in pregnancy.We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial evaluating safety, immunogenicity, and potential efficacy of a bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccine (RSVpreF) in pregnant women and their infants. Participants were randomized between 24- and 36-weeks\u2019 gestation to receive 120 or 240 \u00b5g RSVpreF, with or without aluminum hydroxide, or placebo.This final analysis includes 579 women and 572 infants in 4 countries ; 462 (79.8%) women received RSVpreF. Postvaccination reactions, most commonly injection site pain, fatigue, and myalgia, were generally mild-to-moderate. Adverse events (AEs) in the month following vaccination  or birth (infant) were mostly anticipated events in pregnancy and the neonatal period, respectively, and were similar between vaccine and placebo groups. No AEs were considered related to vaccination.For all RSVpreF groups, 50% neutralizing titers for both RSV-A and RSV-B rose sharply by 2 weeks after vaccination. At delivery occurring a mean of \u223c8 weeks later, geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios for combined RSV-A/B between vaccine and placebo recipients\u2019 infants were 10.9 to 13.6. Transplacental transfer ratios  were 1.39 to 1.83. Infant GMTs were higher in infants whose mothers had received RSVpreF versus placebo through 6 months of life; the estimated half-life of infant combined 50% RSV-A/B neutralizing titers was 41 days. Infants of women immunized across the range of assessed gestational ages had similar cord blood titers and transplacental transfer ratios. Observed efficacy (95% CI) against medically attended and severe medically attended infant RSV lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) through 180 days in an exploratory analysis was 84.7%  and 91.5% , respectively.RSVpreF was well-tolerated in pregnant women, elicited robust neutralizing responses with efficient transplacental transfer, and has the potential to prevent infant RSV LRTI.Eric A. F. Sim\u00f5es, MD, M.B., B.S., DCH, Abbvie: DSMB|Astra Zeneca: Grant/Research Support|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: Grant/Research Support|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: DSMB|GSK Inc.: DSMB|Johnson and Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Merck Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Merck Inc: Grant/Research Support|Nivavax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Shabir A. Madhi, MBBCh, FCPaeds, MMed, PhD, AstraZeneca: Funding to institution for conduct of study Kimberly J. Center, M.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Jose M. Novoa Pizarro, MD, AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Medimmune: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support Kena A. Swanson, Ph.D., Pfizer: employee of Pfizer David Radley, MS, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Stephanie B. McGrory, B.S.N., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Emily A. Gomme, Ph.D., Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Daniel A. Scott, MD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kathrin U. Jansen, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Alejandra C. Gurtman, M.D., Pfizer: employee of Pfizer."}
{"text": "Published online: 29 March 2016Retraction to: Int J Reprod BioMed (2016) 14: 193-198doi.org/10.29252/ijrm.14.3.193This article has been retracted at the request of the IJRM editorial board, based on the results of an investigation which found serious flaws in the study results.The online version of the original article can be found at http://ijrm.ir/article-1-733-en.htmlAhmad Mahran, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Haitham Bahaa.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt,Corresponding Author:Ahmad Mahran; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.Mahran Aemail: ezzeldin_ahmad@yahoo.comIbrahim ME-mail: hosnimahmoud60@yahoo.comBahaa HE-mail: haitham_bahaa@yahoo.com"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Wan Song. The correct citation is: Chung JH, Jeong JY, Lee JY, Song W, Kang M, Sung HH, et al. (2021) Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy according to nadir prostate specific antigen value. PLOS ONE 16(5): e0249709."}
{"text": "As of 2017 , diarrheal disease ranked second as a cause of worldwide mortality for children under five years of age. Approximately 50-70% of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is viral in etiology, with commonly detected viruses including norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus. However, the epidemiology of less commonly detected viruses, specifically enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus A (PeV-A), associated AGE in the United States is not well described. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of EV and PeV-A in children with AGE vs. healthy controls (HC) over a 7-year period.From December 2011 \u2013 November 2018, we screened stool samples from children less than 18 years of age prospectively enrolled in Children\u2019s Mercy-Kansas City\u2019s (CM-KC) site for the CDC\u2019s New Vaccine Surveillance Network; 3005 samples from subjects presenting with AGE and 1097 from HC. Samples from 2011 \u2013 2016  and 2017 \u2013 2018  were tested at CDC and CM-KC respectively by a real-time-PCR assay using specific EV and PeV-A primers targeting the highly conserved 5\u2019 untranslated region. Demographic data were collected from EMR.Among 3005 AGE samples, EV was detected in 12.5% (n=386/3004), and PeV-A in 10.3% (n=252/3005). Among 1097 HC samples, EV was detected in 9.0% (99/1096), and PeV-A in 11.9% (130/1097). In 2014-2015 EV detection in AGE was highest (17.9%) among all years and significantly higher (p=0.004) than in HC samples (9.1%), whereas PeV-A detection in AGE was 9.5% vs. 15.6% in HC samples, p=0.008 (Table\u00a01). Co-infections with EV and PeV-A were seen in 55 AGE and 21 HC. Most EV detections (45.1%) were in 1- to 2-year-olds, whereas PeV-A detections (47.3%) were in children < 1 year old (Table\u00a02). Both EV (58.3%) and PeV-A (48.4%) detections were significantly more frequent in male children (p=0.006). The highest frequency of EV detections was in summer to fall months, and for PeV-A in late summer through early winter.We report a higher prevalence of EV infections in AGE, and PeV-A infections in HC during 2011 to 2018, plus their seasonal and age distributions. Although our data do not currently demonstrate an association between detection of EV or PeV-A types and AGE, additional data could provide more clarity into a potential association.Brian R. Lee, PhD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Christopher J Harrison, MD, Astellas: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pediatric news: Honoraria|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mary E. Moffatt, M.D., Becton and Dickinson and Company: Stocks/Bonds|Biogen: Stocks/Bonds|Coloplast B: Stocks/Bonds|Express Scripts: Stocks/Bonds|Novo Nordisk A/S Spons ADR: Stocks/Bonds|Novo Nordisk A/S-B: Stocks/Bonds|Steris PLC: Stocks/Bonds|Stryker Corp: Stocks/Bonds|Thermo Fisher Scientific: Stocks/Bonds Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, F(AAM), BioFire: Grant/Research Support|Luminex: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Plynnon Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 is a small phrurolithid spider genus distributed in Southeast Asia, with three currently known species: P.longitarse Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 and P.zborowskii Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 from Borneo and P.jaegeri Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 from Sumatra.Plynnonaduncum sp. n.  from Yunnan Province, China is described, representing the northernmost record for the genus. Illustrations and morphological descriptions are provided. Phrurolithidae Banks, 1892 includes 304 extant and three fossil species in 20 genera , dark to reddish-brown spiders. Plynnon can be distinguished from other phrurolithid genera by the broad white band in the middle or distal half of tibia I, absence of spines on all the femora, absence of a tibial apophysis, conductor and median apophysis in the male palp, the special transverse copulatory ducts in the female vulva . Leg measurements are shown as: total length . Total length is the sum of the carapace and abdomen lengths. Epigynes were removed and cleared in a pancreatin solution , transfeAER, anterior eye row; ALE, anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; B, bursa; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; CRW, width of cephalic region at PLE; CT, connecting tube; E, embolus; FDB, femoral distal boss; MOA, median ocular area; OAW, width of ocular area; PER, posterior eye row; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median eye; S, spermatheca. Leg spination includes the following abbreviations: plv, prolateral ventral; rlv, retrolateral ventral.Abbreviations: Jin, Li & Zhangsp. n.D4FDFE48-F802-564D-9624-85A1F683913532B7CC12-149A-484D-9689-FC7B9B104BEEType status:Holotype. Taxon: scientificName: Plynnonaduncum; order: Araneae; family: Phrurolithidae; genus: Plynnon; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Tengchong; municipality: Baoshan; locality: Shangying Village; verbatimElevation: 1479; verbatimLatitude: 25.018151\u00b0N; verbatimLongitude: 98.687632\u00b0E; Event: year: 2017; month: 6; day: 10Type status:Paratype. Taxon: scientificName: Plynnonaduncum; order: Araneae; family: Phrurolithidae; genus: Plynnon; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Tengchong; municipality: Baoshan; locality: Shangying Village; verbatimElevation: 1479; verbatimLatitude: 25.018151\u00b0N; verbatimLongitude: 98.687632\u00b0E; Event: year: 2017; month: 6; day: 11Male (holotype) Fig. A\u2013C. TotaPalp as illustrated Fig. A\u2013C. FemuFemale Fig. D\u2013E. TotaEpigyne Fig. D: poorlyPlynnonzborowskii in having a pyriform palpal tegulum and the long oval spermathecae that have similar position, but can be distinguished by: 1) embolus beak-shaped  Fig. .Plynnon is correctly assigned to Phrurolithidae rather than Trachelidae, considering the spination pattern in both sexes: the presence of pairs of strong ventral spines on the anterior tibiae and metatarsi and combination of the absence of any ventral spines or cusps on the anterior tarsi. By contrast, in Trachelidae, there are three conditions: 1) the anterior legs without any spines and cusps, such as Trachelasminor O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872, the type species of the genus Trachelas L. Koch, 1866  the on, 1897 ; 3) the ad, 2006  and Cetond, 1929 ."}
{"text": "Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti species occurring in the USA. Species treated are F.externa Ferris, F.fioriniae (Targioni Tozzetti), F.japonica Kuwana, F.pinicola Maskell, F.phantasma Cockerell & Robinson, F.proboscidaria Green, and F.theae Green. New descriptions of second-instar males and females of all seven species in addition to first-instar nymphs and adult females of F.phantasma and F.proboscidaria are presented. Taxonomic keys to second-instar males and females are developed for the first time and previously available taxonomic keys to first-instar nymphs and adult females are improved. DNA sequences were used to further evaluate the monophyly of Fiorinia and provide additional diagnostic tools for Fiorinia species. Multigene phylogenetic analyses, COI barcoding methods, and examination of type material indicate that F.yongxingensis Liu, Cai & Feng, 2020, syn. nov. is a junior synonym of F.phantasma. A morphological survey of the genus demonstrates, for the first time, the utility of second-instar males for diagnostics. This study will help inform regulatory and pest management decisions by facilitating morphological and molecular identification of adventive Fiorinia species occurring in the USA.This work provides general descriptions, illustrations, molecular diagnostic data, taxonomic keys, slide mounting recommendations, and Florida distribution records for  Fiorinia  comprises 70 species   , F.japonna, 1902 , F.phanton, 1915 , F.pinicll, 1897 , F.proboen, 1900 , and F.ten, 1900 . UnfortuFioriniaphantasma, commonly known as phantasma scale, was described from the Philippine Islands in 1915. Subsequently, a major global expansion of F.phantasma occurred over the last decade through movement of nursery stock , France, French Polynesia, Grenada, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Nauru, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Reunion, Saint Barthelemy and Saint Martin, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, United States , and Vietnam). In some areas, F.phantasma may reach heavy infestations causing serious plant damage  along both sides of a road in Miami-Dade County , either by wind, or via infested plant material or garden tools because crawlers constitute the only mobile stage besides adult males, which do not feed. Crawlers settle on plant parts and molt into second-instar males and females within a few days.The first North American continental report of e County . The pop Florida . FioriniF.phantasma infestations. Fioriniaphantasma occurs in two Florida counties, Miami-Dade and Palm Beach, and is usually found on palms  were collected from Florida . Fioriniapinicola specimens were provided to us by Natalia von Ellenrieder  . All samples were initially mounted in Hoyer\u2019s medium for visibility during illustration and were transferred to balsam medium for permanent preservation. This was done by placing the Hoyer\u2019s slide in a petri dish filled with water, just enough that the slide is slightly submerged, for a few hours depending on the age of the Hoyer\u2019s slide. Once the slide cover is detached and loosened, it can easily be removed. The specimen can then be removed from the slide without being damaged. Specimens were soaked in a watch glass filled with water overnight to rinse Hoyer\u2019s media out of the specimen. After soaking, specimens were placed on a new slide with a drop of balsam and covered with a new coverslip. Illustrations were made using a Leica DMRB compound microscope and a camera lucida. Morphological terminology follows that of Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville (FSCA) unless otherwise indicated. Other depositories included USNM , UMEC , and Entomology Museum, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Shaanxi, China.Four species of Fiorinia specimens described above, additional specimens and sequences were included in analyses of DNA sequences  collected in Florida; ethanol-preserved specimens of Fiorinia sp. collected in Lambir Hills National Park, Malaysia, in 2013; cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences of Diaspididae from the BOLD database  as an outgroup; and cytochrome oxidase I and II (COI-II), elongation factor 1a (EF1a), and large ribosomal subunit (28S) sequences of the genus Fiorinia reported in Fioriniina and one sequence of Unaspisyanonensis (Kuwana) as an outgroup.In addition to the freshly collected database , along wFiorinia species.Slide mounting is considered mandatory for morphological identification of armored scale insects because it is nearly impossible to identify taxonomic features without doing so. Moreover, for museum curation purposes, slide mounting is the best way to archive scale insects in a reference collection. There are studies available on methods for mounting hemipterans , but manKOH) was used in step 1 for heating and maceration. Following this step, specimens were placed into a Humboldt mesh (Replacement Mesh Disk 5 cm dia. No. 325H-3807.325) container that was then placed inside the watch glass, eliminating the need for the micro spatula in the following steps until the final mount. Forceps (Bioquip Swiss style #4) were used to remove the mesh from the 4.8 cm watch glass  while switching between steps. Glacial acetic acid (Fisher) was used in step 2 for removal of the remaining 10% KOH from step 1. Acid fuchsin stain (Bioquip) was used with a 3:7 dye to acetic acid ratio in step 3 to stain the specimens. For dehydration of the cuticle in the 4th step, 75% and 95% EtOH were used. Clove oil  was used in step 5 to remove any remaining wax from the specimens. A disposable transfer pipette  which holds 3.2 ml, was used in steps 2\u20135. In the final step 6 filtered Canada balsam  was used as the medium and placed on a glass slide . A glass coverslip  was placed on the specimen in balsam to complete the mount. The 6 steps required for the standard slide mounting method are as follows:Initially, a 67 mm beveled-edge watch glass (Prolab Scientific) and micro spatula were used. Fisher 10% potassium hydroxide  and legs and antennae were positioned properly. A coverslip was placed on the balsam, and the slide was placed on a hot plate at 30 \u00b0C for 10 mins to remove any bubbles.Due to the multiple steps in this method, which require each specimen to be moved from 5 different watch glasses before mounting, many first-instar nymphs were lost or damaged. Additionally, this method was time consuming. In an attempt to reduce the loss of first-instar nymphs, minimize damage, reduce the amount of chemical usage, and save time, we subsequently developed alternative methods \u2013 see below.For fresh specimens (not preserved in ethanol).Mounting: on a labeled slide, a drop of Hoyer\u2019s medium was placed in the center and spread to avoid specimen drift. Fresh specimens picked from plant material were placed in a Hoyer\u2019s medium dorsoventrally and legs and antennae were positioned properly. In this protocol, we omitted steps 1\u20135 of the standard method and mounted specimens directly into Hoyer\u2019s medium. This was effective in preventing loss of specimens and reducing the amount of chemical usage.For ethanol-preserved specimens.Heating: specimens were placed in a watch glass filled with 10% KOH and heated for 5 mins at 85 \u00b0C.Rehydrating: specimens were placed in water and left to soak for 5\u201310 mins. We found that heating the specimens prior to submerging them in water aided in the rehydration process.Cleaning: specimens were moved to a watch glass filled with Hoyer\u2019s medium. Because Hoyer\u2019s medium is a self-cleaning fluid , specimeMounting: on a labeled slide, a drop of Hoyer\u2019s medium was placed in the center and spread to avoid specimen drift. The specimen was placed in the Hoyer\u2019s medium dorsoventrally and legs and antennae were positioned properly.For fresh specimens and ethanol-preserved specimens.Heating and cleaning: specimens were placed in a watch glass filled with 10% KOH and heated at 85 \u00b0C for 5\u201310 mins. After heating, cavity contents were teased out using a micro-spatula. Once this step was completed, specimens were moved to a container modified using mesh placed in a watch glass  for 10 mins.Staining: after removing 95% acetic EtOH, acid fuchsin stain was added and let sit for 5 mins.Stain correction and dehydration: specimens were moved to a watch glass of 75% EtOH for 10 mins. Specimens were then placed in 95% EtOH for another 10 mins to dehydrate the cuticles.Wax removal: specimens were soaked in clove oil for 5 to 10 mins.Mounting: on a labeled slide, a drop of balsam was placed in a center and spread to avoid specimen drift. The specimen was placed in the balsam and legs and antennae were positioned properly. A coverslip was placed on the balsam and the slide was placed on a hot plate at 30 \u00b0C to remove any bubbles.Although the mesh is effective in keeping first- and second-instar nymphs in the container without damage, a few problems were noted. The mesh does not sit flat against the glass bottom of the watch glass, so the cleaning step cannot be done in the mesh. Cleaning must be done in a watch glass and then specimens must be moved back into the mesh for the remaining steps. Due to the smaller size of the mesh container, range of motion using microtools throughout this process can be limited. Similar to processing in a watch glass without mesh, specimens can get stuck on the upper sides of the modified dish. Visibility of first-instar nymphs can be hampered by the reflective coloration of the mesh.There are several steps involved in traditional slide-mounting protocols (method i) that require each specimen to be moved to and from at least five different watch glasses before eventually being slide mounted. Many first-instar nymphs can be lost or damaged during these steps. We recommend using the mesh container during the slide-mounting protocol (method iv). Use of this container will decrease mounting time, reduce specimen loss, decrease the quantity of chemical reagents, and generate quality slides. All steps can easily be performed using the mesh container except for the cleaning step. Unfortunately, the cleaning step must be done in a watch glass and then the specimens should be moved back into the mesh container to finish the mounting process. Although this procedure is laborious, we recommend it when the aim is to make permanent mounts for deposit in archival collections. The other mounting procedure is to place first-instar specimens directly into Hoyer\u2019s mounting medium on a slide . This protocol has fewer steps and less chance of specimen loss, and yields specimens with superior visibility. We recommend this protocol for rapid species diagnosis. Unfortunately, the mounts are only temporary unless slides are ringed to prevent deterioration.Fiorinia and Thysanofiorinia specimens using the Qiagen Blood and Tissue Kit per the manufacturer\u2019s protocol. Extractions were non-destructive, and recovery of individual scale vouchers was attempted. DNA was quantified on a Nanodrop 2000 and PCRs had a target input of at least 5 ng of genomic DNA. PCRs were performed using the Kapa HiFi HotStart PCR Kit, in a total volume of 25 uL.DNA was extracted from individual COI) barcode region was targeted for each species using the primer pair PCOF1  initial denaturing at 95 \u00b0C for two mins, 2) 98 \u00b0C for 30 secs, 3) 50 \u00b0C for 30 secs, 4) 72 \u00b0C for 40 secs [32 cycles of steps 2\u20135], 5) final extension at 72 \u00b0C for seven mins, and 6) a final hold of 4 \u00b0C.The standard cytochrome oxidase I (ir PCOF1  and HCO2ir PCOF1 . Park et28S D2/D3 expansion region) and elongation factor 1\u03b1 (EF1\u03b1) were also targeted, for comparison with the results of EF1\u03b1 was EF-1\u03b1 (a)   and EF2 F-1\u03b1 (a) . The prias s3660  and a335as s3660 . ThermocCOI: MW883907\u2013MW883949; 28S: MW883848\u2013MW883886; EF1\u03b1: MW893442\u2013MW893456).PCRs were visualized on 1.5% agarose gels. Positive PCRs were purified and prepared for sequencing using BigDye Terminator v3.1 chemistry. Amplicons were sequenced bidirectionally on the ABI SeqStudio platform at FDACS-DPI. Sequence chromatograms were trimmed and assembled in Sequencher 5.4.6. Newly generated sequences were deposited in GenBank  were initially aligned using an online version of MAFFT 7 (Cytochrome oxidase I barcode sequences (5\u2019- MAFFT 7  with theCOI), 226 bp (3\u2019-COI), 504 bp (COII), 708 bp , and 425 bp . Alignments were concatenated as a single nexus file in Mesquite 3.51 , elongation factor 1a (EF1\u03b1), and the large ribosomal subunit (28S), as well as the 5\u2019-COI region. The aim was to assess the monophyly of Fiorinia and the relationship of Fiorinia species to other species of Fioriniina.Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using 3 sequence regions reported in ML) phylogenetic analyses were conducted on the XSEDE computing cluster as part of the CIPRES Science Gateway  + 55% (61/111) for EF1a: 646\u20131353 (708 bp) + 38% (42/111) for COII: 1354\u20131857 (504 bp) and COI-3P: 1858\u20132083 (226 bp) + 100% (111/111) for 28S: 2084\u20132508 (425 bp)] and by codon position for EF1\u03b1 (2 partitions: positions 1 & 2 vs. position 3). Best fit models of sequence evolution were assessed using Bayesian Information Criteria by ModelFinder (COI & 3\u2019-COI (TIM+F+I+G4), EF1\u03b1 positions 1 & 2 (TIM3e+I+G4), EF1\u03b1 position 3 (TPM3+F+G4), COII (TN+F+I+G4) and 28S (TVM+F+I+G4). Maximum parsimony tree searches were conducted in MPBoot  support for nodes was assessed using 10,000 ultrafast bootstraps in MPBoot (ML standard BS (> 75), ML ultrafast BS (> 95), SH-aLRT (> 80), and MP ultrafast BS (> 95)  , b.28S tree  was recovered, but the node was only weakly supported  were recovered as a clade by likelihood and parsimony methods, but with relatively higher support in some analyses . These Australasian Fioriniina were sister to a clade of Fiorinia + Lineaspis MacGillivray + Pseudaulacaspis in part, with weak support except for SH-aLRT (92). The clade of Fiorinia + Lineaspis + Pseudaulacaspis was found by likelihood and parsimony, with some strong support   which were represented only by 28S data. These two isolates belong to an undescribed Fiorinia species from Malaysia. The remaining Fiorinia isolates formed a clade in likelihood analyses (SH-aLRT 99). Relationships among Fiorinia species were generally weakly supported. A terminal group of Fioriniaphantasma + F.yongxingensis was present in every analysis with strong support suggesting synonymy  clade in the ML phylogenetic tree using only 28S data  with strong support , and one species of Pellucidaspis (P.epiphytidis) were also placed within this Fiorinia clade.The slide-mounted cuticle of D4815B and other specimens in the same lot have been re-examined by BBN and they clearly belong to a pupillarial species whose morphology is completely consistent with the genus COI barcode region, 37 of which represent nine Fiorinia species , along with a sequence assigned to the genus Aulacaspis (subtribe Chionaspidina).  in the neighbor-joining tree, with one exception: F.theae. Fioriniatheae forms two well supported clusters whose relationship to each other is not resolved in this analysis  number of marginal macroducts; b) arrangement of gland spines; c) arrangement of microducts; d) presence or absence of cicatrices; e) presence or absence of lobes on head; f) relative size of median lobes compared to medial lobule of second lobe; g) shape of median lobes.Fiorinia species can be distinguished from most similar genera by having the following: median lobes yoked, usually divergent, medial margin longer than lateral, with one pair of setae between; dorsal macroducts confined to body margin, with four or five on each side of pygidium; with two pairs of definite lobes, second pair bilobular. However, we have been unable to distinguish between second-instar females of the Fiorinia species treated here and Pseudaulacaspiscockerelli (Comstock) and P.pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti). There are consistent differences in the distribution of the gland spines in most species of Fiorinia, but F.proboscidaria and F.theae are identical to P.cockerelli and P.pentagona. It is remarkable that the second-instars are so similar, but the adult females are quite different.Second-instar females of F.externa and F.theae. Macroducts barrel shaped, of two sizes: larger ducts grouped into communal ducts  arrangement and number of communal ducts b) organization of duct clusters c) arrangement of microducts; d) arrangement of gland spines. Second-instar males of al ducts . PseudauF.phantasma and F.proboscidaria.Fiorinia species can be recognized by having the following combination of characters: antennae five segmented; apical segment annulate; large duct on each side of dorsum of head; submedial longitudinal line of microducts on each side of thorax; second lobes bilobulate. First-instar nymphs of Fiornia species are similar to some species of Pseudaulacaspis (P.cockerelli and P.pentagona) but differ by normally having a submedial longitudinal line of microducts on each side of thorax, whereas these ducts are absent from P.cockerelli and P.pentagona . Cluster of small microducts with sclerotized orifice laterad of anterior spiracle. Fewer than five large-sized gland spines on each side of body between anterior and posterior spiracles. Antennae each with one enlarged seta.Abiesfraseri, also does not occur naturally in Florida. It has been found on imported Christmas trees in the following localities in Florida: Broward Co., Miramar, November 20, 2013, on Abiesfraseri, S. Alspach (2013-8494); Broward Co., Davie, December 10, 2013, on Abiesfraseri, S. Beidler (2013-8906); Citrus Co., Inverness, December 4, 2013, on Abiesfraseri, S. Jenner (2013-9766); Hamilton Co., White Springs, December 11, 2012, on Abiesfraseri, H. Randolphs (2012-9239); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, November 20, 2012, on Abiesfraseri, T. Streeter (2012-8844); Marion Co., Ocala, December 2, 2013, on Abiesfraseri, S. Wayte (2013-8755); Monroe Co., Tavernier, November 28, 2012, on Abiesfraseri, J. Farnum (2012-8924); Volusia Co., Port Orange, November 27, 2017, on Abiesfraseri, K. Coffey (2017-4496).All records are on Christmas trees imported from states outside of Florida. This species is not established in Florida, and its common host, Abiesfraseri, A. Bartlett, 5 2nd \u2640, 5 2nd \u2642, 10 ad \u2640 (2019-6449), Alleghany Co., Laurel Springs, North Carolina, December 8, 2020 on Abiesfraseri, L. Milton, 10 ad \u2640 (2020-4778).Alleghany Co., Glade Creek, North Carolina, November 22, 2019 on Tsuga?sieboldii, S. Lyon 7 2nd \u2640 (0606537). United States, Connecticut, Danbury, September 7, 1944, on hemlock, S.W. Bromley 3 1st \u2640 (JOH 07-77); Connecticut, Fairfield Co., New Canaan, November 3, 1950, on Nordman fir, S.W. Bromley 1 1st \u2640, 18 2nd \u2640, 20 ad \u2640. New York, Nassau Co., Oyster Bay, May 17, 1947, on hemlock, B.F. Maker 2 1st \u2642 (JOH 10-77); New York, Suffolk Co., Brookhaven, November 25, 1985, on leaves of hemlock, T. Kowalsick (ek-01-86); Pennsylvania, Radnor, July 26, 1946, on hemlock, S.W. Bromley 1 1st \u2640 (JOH 08-77).Japan, Kobe, Arboretum, May 8, 2006, on Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraDiaspididaeTargioni Tozzetti, 186731442326-FF12-5C51-95C6-EDF04CAD90C5First-instar exuviae overlapping second-instar exuviae. Without indentation formed between attachment of first- and second-instar exuviae. Second-instar exuviae oval, convex marginally; yellow to light brown; longitudinal ridge conspicuous. Posterior end of adult female within second-instar exuviae rounded. Heavily infested leaves with slight white secretion.Described in Median lobes broad, equal to or wider than medial lobule of second lobe, projecting ca. same or slightly less than medial lobule of second lobes. With five pairs of marginal macroducts. Swelling of body margin adjacent to macroduct usually rounded. With four large gland spines on margin of each side of body from abdominal segments II\u2013V; usually without small gland spine on each side of abdominal segment VI; with small gland spines on margin or submargin of abdominal segment I. With three microducts on each side of head. Longitudinal line of microducts present submarginally on venter of abdominal segments II\u2013VI, normally with one microduct on each side of each segment. Cicatrices absent.Submargin of abdominal segments II\u2013VI with scattered small-sized macroducts, not in clusters; communal ducts absent. Medial longitudinal line of microducts absent. Cluster of small microducts with sclerotized orifice laterad of anterior spiracle absent. Fewer than five gland spines on each side of body between anterior and posterior spiracles. Antennae each with several enlarged setae.Fioriniafioriniae have been reported to be parthenogenetic  (2 slides); Brevard Co., Sharpes, January 19, 1972, on Callistemon sp., H.C. Levan (1972-005\u2013008) (4 slides); Broward Co., Dania, January 4, 1966, on Howea sp., J.W. Shirah (1966-7369); Broward Co., Dania, June 26, 1981, on Mangiferaindica, M. McDonald (1981-1606) (2 slides); Broward Co., Dania, August 24, 2011, on Persea sp., G. Azone (2011-5990); Broward Co., Davie, April 3, 1962, on Ilex sp., D.P. McLean (1962-2896) (2 slides); Broward Co., Davie, October 12, 1978, on Camellia sp., R. Gaskalla (1978-2879) (2 slides); Broward Co., Coral Springs, October 5, 2011, on Perseaamericana, L. Charlton (2011-7789) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, February 5, 1968, on Callistemon sp., D.C. Clinton (1968-2883) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, February 6, 1970, on Callistemon sp., D.C. Clinton (1970-2878) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, May 2, 1974, on Sabal sp., J.A. Reinert (1974-2915) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, November 13, 1979, on Callistemonciternus, K. Tyson (1979-7500) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, February 25, 1988, on Howeaforsteriana, J. McCluskie (1985-2925) (2 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, February 25, 1988, on Manilkararoxburghiana, J. Hickey (1988-005); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, January 8, 1984, on Manilkararoxburghiana, J. Hickey (1984-3287) (3 slides); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, December 26, 2003, on Leucospermum sp., G. Farina (2003-6693); Broward Co., Fort Lauderdale, June 4, 2004, on Laurusnobilis, F.W. Howard (2004-4142) (3 slides); Broward Co., Hollywood, February 19, 1979, on Perseaamericana, R. Gaskalla (1978-3264) (2 slides); Broward Co., Hollywood, June 1986, on Howeaforsteriana, D. Fenster (1986-008) (3 slides); Broward Co., Hollywood, December 5, 1997, on Ravenearivularis, M.S. Quintanilla (1997-2912) (3 slides); Broward Co., North Lauderdale, May 28, 1981, on Dicytospermaalbum, D. Clinton and J. Aubry  (2 slides); Broward Co., Tamarac, March 21, 2012, on Perseaamericana, C. Millan (2012-1986); Broward Co., on unknown host, June 4, 2004, on Laurusnobilis, F.W. Howard (2004-4142-301); Charlotte Co., Punta Gorda, August 9, 2007, on Camelliajaponica, D. Renz (2007-5759); Collier Co., Naples, August 28, 2013, on Palmae, R. Nanneman (2013-6323); Duval Co., Nocatee, April 4, 1978, on Perseaamericana, L.J. Chambliss (1978-3288) (2 slides); Escambia Co., Pensacola, November 3, 1988, on Prunusangustifolia, G. Corbitt and R. Burns (1988-2899); Glades Co., Moore Haven, October 4, 2006, on Celtislaevigata, L. Richards (2006-7213); Hendry Co., Devils Garden, November 20, 2014, on Perseapalustris, M. Terrell (2014-788) (2 slides); Highlands Co., April 28, 1975, on Camellia sp., R.F. Denno, J.A. Davidson, D.R. Miller (1975-2886); Highlands Co., on unknown host, July 24, 1987 on Perseaborbonia, R. Payne (1987-2988) (2 slides); Highlands Co., Lake Placid, November 1970, on Camellia sp. J.A. Weidhaas  (2 slides); Hillsborough Co., Sun City, November 14, 1994, on Phoradendronleucarpum, M. Runnals  (2 slides); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, April 10, 1964, on Sabal sp., S.A. Fuller (1964-2901); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, March 25, 1983, on Hedera sp., E.R. Simmons  (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, June 9, 1979, on Manilkararoxburghiana, P. Chobrda (1979-011); Indian River Co., Vero Beach, December 16, 1970, on Callistemon sp., R.H. Kendrick (1970-012\u2013016) (5 slides); Lake Co., Tavares, September 9, 2012, on Hedera sp., M. Sellers (2012-6901); Lee Co., Sanibel Island, April 4, 1978, on Zamia sp., R. Driggers (1978-2936); Leon Co., Tallahassee, February 3, 1916, on Camellia sp. A.C.M. (1916-017); Leon Co., Tallahassee, February 3, 1916, on Camellia sp., A.C.M. (1916-2850) (4 slides); Leon Co., Tallahassee, October 31, 1919, on Camellia sp., P.F. Robertson (1919-021); Levy Co., Bronson, January 4, 2011, on Camellia sp., W. Bailey (2011-29); Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, January 16, 1980, on Dracaena sp., E.W. Campbell (1980-2944); Lucie Co., Lakewood Park, July 16, 1980, on Acoelorrhaphewrightii, E.W. Campbell  (2 slides); Madison Co., Greenville, March 12, 1993, Ilex sp., F. Bennett (1993-2903); Manatee Co., Oneco, December 17, 1987, on Callistemon sp., A. Waters (1987-014); Manatee Co., Snead Island, April 3, 1991, on Schinus sp., Runnals M. (1991-2922); Manatee Co., Snead Island, April 3, 1991, on Schinus sp. Runnals M. (1991-006\u2013007) (2 slides); Marion Co., Weirsdale, December 22, 1985, on Hederacanarensis, F.J. McHenry  (2 slides); Martin Co., Hobe Sound, April 21, 1980, on Perseaamericana, E.W. Campbell (1980-2959); Martin Co., Hobe Sound, June 9, 1981, on Callistemonviminalis, S. Hakala (1981-418); Martin Co., Jensen Beach, September 27, 1978, on Dictyosperma sp., E.W. Campbell (1978-7502) (2 slides); Martin Co., Palm City, February 8, 2012, on Magnoliavirginiana, L. West (2012-833) (2 slides); Martin Co., Palm City, October 17, 2012, on Perseapalustris, L. West (2012-7964) (2 slides); Martin Co., Palm City, September 1, 1977, on Magnolia sp., E.W. Campbell  (2 slides); Martin Co., Stuart, January 31, 1978, on Eugenia sp., E.W. Campbell  (2 slides); Martin Co., Stuart, November 17, 1978, on Myrica sp., E.W. Campbell (1978-021); Miami-Dade Co., Big Cypress National Preserve, February 16, 1978, on Magnolia sp., A. Harmon and D. Martinelli (1978-2910); Miami-Dade Co., Big Cypress National Preserve, February 16, 1978, on Magnoliavirginiana, A. Hamon and D. Martinelli (1978-006\u2013007) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, August 13, 2010, on Gymnantheslucida, K. Griffiths (2010-4926); Miami-Dade Co., Florida City, November 19, 1986, on Mimusopsroxburghiana, L.D. Howerton (1986-962); Miami-Dade Co., Florida City, November 19, 1986, on Mimusopsroxburghiana, L.D. Howerton  (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Hialeah, March 28, 1979, on Callistemonviminalis, D. Stocks  (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Hialeah, January 1, 1980, on Callistemon sp., D. Stocks and W. James (1980-2952); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, January 24, 1962, on Macadamia sp., R.J. McMillan (1962-3276) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, October 16, 1962, on Melaleuca sp., J.H. Knowles (1962-2897) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, February 2, 1969, on Persea sp., D.O. Wolfenbarger (1969-491) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, March 28, 1969, on Persea sp. D.O. Wolfenbarger (1969-026\u2013031) (4 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, February 2, 1978, on Hedera sp., W.E. Wyles (1978-488); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, February 27, 1978, on Hedera sp., W.E. Wyles (1978-7522) (5 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, June 8, 1979, on Manilkararoxburghiana, P. Chobrda (1979-0146) (4 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead October 3, 1979, on Perseaamericana, W.E. Wyles (1979-2928); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, September 11, 2007, on Perseaamericana, B. Saunders (2007-6958); Miami-Dade Co., Homestead, July 31, 2018, on Gymnantheslucida, W. Mazuk (2018-4092) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Kendall, February 24, 1989, on Camellia sp., W. Francillon (1989-2855) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 22, 1966, on Chamaedora sp., C.F. Dowling (1966-2876) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, June 6, 1967, on Chamaerops sp., J.S. Sloan (1967-2907) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, October 26, 1967 on Callistemonviminalis, J.F. Dillon (1967-3305) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, October 26, 1967, on Callistemonviminalis, J.F. Dillon (1967-038); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 3, 1969, on Howea sp., J.F. Dillon  (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 7, 1969, on Howea sp., J.F. Dillon (1969-3267) (4 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, September 5, 1969, on Macadamiaternifolia, J.F. Dillon (1969-045\u2013047) (3 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, January 22, 1975, on Callistemonviminalis, D. Sager (1975-2885) (3 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, July 27, 1978, on Mangifera sp., M. Corman (1978-3308) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 5, 1979, on Kigeliapinnata, P. Chobrda (1979-2913); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, November 5, 1979, on Callistemon sp., H. VonWald (1979-3003); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 1, 1980, on Callistemonviminalis, G. Webster and E. Pena (1980-014); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 1, 1980, on Callistemonviminalis, G. Webster and E. Pena (1980-2881); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 2, 1980, on Santalumalbum, H. Von Wald and C. Dowling (1980-2935) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 3, 1981, on Perseaamericana, K. Martin (1981-016 \u2013020) (5 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 3, 1981, on Macadamiaternifolia, W. James (1981-2934) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 25, 1981, on Macadamiaternifolia, W. James (1981-2984); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, February 10, 1982, on Diospyroslotus, H. VonWald (1982-017\u2013019) (3 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 8, 1982, on Eucalyptus sp., P. Perun  (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, April 8, 1982, on Eucalyptus sp., P. Perun (1982-2853); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, November 15, 1985, on Howeaforsteriana, D. Chalot (1985-3009) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, September 19, 29, 1986, on Perseaamericana, D. Storch  (3 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, January 17, 2001, Manilkararoxburghiana, E. Putland (2001-189) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 14, 2002, on Perseaamericana, L. Davis (2002-870); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, August 14, 2007, on Manilkararoxburghiana, O. Garcia (2002-5912); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 11, 2012, on Laurusnobilis, M. Figueroa (2012-3720) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., North Beach, January 20, 1981, on Amyriselemfera, E.W. Campbell and R. Kendrick (1981-2947) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Opa Locka, October 5, 1977, on Callistemon sp., M. Corman  (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Opa Locka, May 22, 1978, on Perseaamericana, J. Hilderbrandt (1978-3313) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., West Miami, November 22, 1977, on Camellia sp., D. Martinelli  (2 slides); Monroe Co., Little Torch Key, April 10, 2018, on Bidensalba, P. Corogin, J. Hayden, E. Talamas, B. Danner, J. Farnum (2018-1780); Orange Co., Apopka, Jan 10, 2001, on Ravenearivularis, K. Gonzalez (2001-116) (2 slides); Orange Co., Belle Isle, January 20, 2006, on Garcinialivingstonei, T. Williams (2006-268); Orange Co., Orlando, February 2013, on Theaceae, A. Puppelo (2013-1127); Orange Co., Orlando, May 27, 2008, on Magnoliavirginiana, A. Puppelo (2008-3337); Orange Co., Winter Garden, October 31, 2008, on Machilusthunbergii, G. Warden (2008-7478); Orange Co., Zellwood, March 7, 2019, Laurusnobilis, K. Gonzalez (2019-1006) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Boca Raton, May 19, 1982, on Chamaeropshumilis, D.C. Clinton (1982-487) (3 slides); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, October 10, 1973, on Ficus sp., K. Geyer (1973-3284) (3 slides); Palm Beach Co., Delray Beach, May 12, 1978, on Diospyros sp., K.C. Stolley (1978-2852) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, June 7, 1978, on Mimusops sp., K. Stolley (1978-3307); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, September 27, 1991, on Camelliajaponica, E. Tannehill (1991-2906); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, January 13, 1988, on Mimusopsroxburghiana, D. Leone (1988-2880) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, November 2, 1989, on Sisyrinchiumsolstitiale, E. Tannehill  (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Delray Beach, February 23, 1988, on Melaleuca sp., E. Tannehill and A. Hamon (1988-2851) Palm Beach Co., Jupiter, May 8, 2013, on Magnolia sp., L. West (2013-3217) Palm Beach Co., Lake Park, June 14, 1978, on Chrysalidocarpuslutescens, J. Bennet (1978-3567) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Lake Park, April 24, 1979, on Chrysalidocarpuslutescens, J.E. Bennet (1979-2920) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, March 7, 1978, on Kentia sp., J, Bennett (1978-3285); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, October 8, 1981, on Magnoliavirginiana, J. Fellers and R. Buchholz (1981-026\u2013027) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, July 13, 1995, on Chrysalidocarpuslutescens, Cook S.H., Clinton D.C. (1995-3024); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, July 13, 1995, on Chrysalidocarpuslutescens, S.H. Cook, D.C. Clinton (1995-3024); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, March 25, 2004, on Calophylluminophyllum, L. Smith (2004-2103); Palm Beach Co., Pahokee, February 22, 1980, on Chrysalidocarpuslutescens, N. Miles and B. Walsh (1980-2955) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., South Bay, November 14, 2018, on Magnoliavirginiana, J. Farnum (2018-5955); Palm Beach Co., West Palm Beach, January 14, 1991, on Mangiferaindica, R.T. Doll (1991-3566) (2 slides); Pinellas Co., Clearwater, January 11, 2013, on Perseapalustris, W. Salway (2013-575) (2 slides); Pinellas Co., Indian Rocks, October 3, 1972, on Perseaamericana, K.C. Lowery (1972-2860); Pinellas Co., Largo, November 8, 1978, on Persea sp., P. Pullara (1978-3306); Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg, August 15, 1967, on Persea sp., C.K. Hickman (1967-2854) (3 slides); Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg, February 2, 2008, on Perseaborbonia, M. Spearman (2004-724); Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg, May 28, 2009, on Perseaborbonia, M. Spearman (2009-3632); Polk Co., Cypress Gardens, January 16, 1962, on Tetrapanax sp., J.N. Pott (1962-3266) (2 slides); Polk Co., Cypress Gardens, August 13, 1964, on Magnolia sp. W.P. Henderson (1964-2905) (2 slides); Polk Co., Lake Wales, October 25, 1962, on Ficus sp., Ralph E. Brown (1962-2857); Polk Co., Winter Haven, April 8, 1980, on PerseaAmericana, H.G. Schmidt (1980-2938) (2 slides); Polk Co., Winter Haven, July 26, 2018, on Laurusnobilis, J. Bryan (2018-4054); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, March 23, 1978, on Paurotis sp., E.W. Campbell (1978-032\u2013033) (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, January 17, 1979, on Persea sp., E.W. Campbell (1979-2893); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, March 23, 1979, on Paurotis sp., E.W. Campbell (1979-2900); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, February 24, 1984, on Bumeliatenax, K. Hibbard and E.W. Campbell  (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, November 6, 1985, on Paurotis sp., K Hibbard and E.W. Campbell  (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, March 13, 2003, on Phoradendronleucarpum, K. Hibbard (2003-927); St. Lucie Co., Fort Pierce, February 21, 2005, on Ilexcornuta, D. Vazquez (2005-4069); St. Lucie Co., Hutchinson, Isle, April 18, 1980, on Eugeniasimpsonii, E.W. Campbell (1980-2990); St. Lucie Co., Port St. Lucie, May 17, 1978, on Perseaborbonia, E.W. Campbell (1978-2858) (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., Port St. Lucie, February 20, 1980, on Perseaborbonia, E.W. Campbell and R.H. Kendrick  (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., White City, May 30, 1980, on Perseaborbonia, E.W. Campbell (1980-2961) (2 slides); Volusia Co., Allandale, March 16, 1983, on Hederahelix, J.N. Pott (1983-486) (2 slides); Volusia Co., Daytona Beach, August 16, 1984, on Howeaforsteriana, J.N. Pott (1984-2994); Volusia Co., Holly Hill, March 15, 1956, on Chamaedorea sp., C.R. Roberts (1956-2877) (3 slides); Volusia Co., New Smyrna Beach, April 8, 1985, on Palm, J.N. Pott (19852942); Volusia Co., New Smyrna Beach, September 27, 1971, on Camellia sp., J.N. Pott  (8 slides); Walton Co., Walton, February 12, 1980, on Mangiferaindica, E.W. Campbell (1980-2946) (2 slides).Brevard Co., Melbourne, February 22, 1984, on Chamaeropshumilis, T. Gordon, 5 2nd \u2640, 5 2nd \u2642, 10 ad \u2640 (2019-4546).Marion Co., Ocala, August 13, 2019 on Mangiferaindica, S. Sanner 6 2nd \u2640 (El Paso 032924). Peru: May 7, 1977, on Mangiferaindica, R. Narkaus 5 2nd \u2640 (Los Angeles 19190); August 21, 1972, on Camellia sp., E.B. Lee 1 1st \u2640, 4 2nd \u2640, 3 ad \u2640. Portugal: Azores, August 20, 1928, on Camellia sp., C.A. Davis 1 1st \u2640 . United States: California, San Diego, San Diego Zoo, August 19, 2002, D. Kellum, J.F. Miller, D.R. Miller, on Camellia sp. 3 1st \u2640, 18 2nd \u2640, 7 ad \u2640; Georgia, Camden Co., June 14, 1969, on Ruscus sp., R.J. Beashear 1 1st \u2640.Mexico: July 11, 1988, on Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraDiaspididaeKuwana, 190211964313-1155-590A-8A4B-27CDEE550E64First-instar exuviae overlapping second-instar exuviae. Without indentation or with slight indentation formed between attachment of first- and second-instar exuviae. Second-instar exuviae oval, convex marginally; medium to dark brown; longitudinal ridge inconspicuous. Posterior end of adult female within second-instar exuviae rounded. Heavily infested leaves with white secretion . Cluster of small microducts with sclerotized orifice laterad of anterior spiracle absent. Fewer than five gland spines on each side of body between anterior and posterior spiracles. Antennae each with one enlarged seta.Fioriniajaponica has not been collected in Florida.nd \u2640, 5 2nd \u2642.Virginia, Chesterfield Co., Southside Nursey, July 27, 1974, on blue spruce, R. Sears, 5 2Pinus sp., W.B. Wood 2 1st \u2640 (JOH 55-76 F). Taiwan: Maruyama, near Taihoku, June 3, 1928, on Pinusthunbergi, R. Takahashi 1 1st \u2642 (JOH 58-76); Taihoku, June 7, 1929, on Pinus sp., R. Takahashi 1 1st \u2640 (JOH 54-76). United States: Virginia, Chesterfield Co., Southside Nursey, July 27, 1974, on blue spruce, R. Sears 2 1st \u2640, 1 1st \u2642, 5 2nd \u2640, 5 2nd \u2642, 4 ad \u2640; Washington, D.C., August 27, 1991, on national Christmas tree, Horton 3 1st \u2640, 4 2nd \u2640, 3 ad \u2640 (93-09742).China; \u201cHsifeushang\u201d January 23, 1933, on Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraDiaspididaeCockerell & Robinson, 1915E6A47FC2-0C6B-5E69-B4E5-3AD16F1AFCACFirst-instar exuviae overlapping second-instar exuviae. Without indentation formed between attachment of first- and second-instar exuviae. Second-instar exuviae oval, convex marginally; light to dark brown, longitudinal ridge weakly developed. Posterior end of adult female within second-instar exuviae constricted and pointed : pattern of derm surrounding large duct on head serpentine (globular); inner apex of large duct on head flat (rounded or mushroom like).Similar to Median lobes broad, as wide as or slightly narrower than medial lobule of second lobe, projecting ca. same amount or slightly less than medial lobule of second lobes. With five pairs of marginal macroducts. Swelling of body margin adjacent to macroduct usually pointed. With three large gland spines on margin of each side of body from abdominal segments II\u2013IV, without gland spine on abdominal segment VI; with small gland spines on margin or submargin of abdominal segment I. With three microducts on each side of head. Longitudinal line of microducts absent submarginally on venter of abdomen. Cicatrices absent.One duct cluster on each side of body, composed of several small ducts and one communal duct. Five longitudinal lines of microducts on venter of abdomen , medial line sometimes incomplete. Cluster of small microducts with sclerotized orifice laterad of anterior spiracle absent. Fewer than five gland spines on each side of body between anterior and posterior spiracles. Antennae each with one enlarged seta.Body tapering at segment III to narrow pygidium. With three or four pairs of dorsal macroducts on each side of body, ducts similar in shape and size to microducts. Projection between antennae with many spicules. Antennae close together, with distinct projection.Phoenixcanariensis, Olga Garcia (2018-789) (3 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, April 2, 2018, on Phoenix sp., J. Farnum (2018-1499) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Pinecrest, April 2, 2018, on Phoenix sp., J. Farnum  (20 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Palmetto Bay, April 2, 2018, on Phoenix sp., J. Farnum  (8 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Pinecrest, May 22, 2018, on Phoenix sp., J. Farnum and J. Vergel  (6 slides); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, January 23, on Cocosnucifera, L. Smith (2018-304) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, Miami-Dade Co., Palmetto Bay, May 22, 2018, on Phoenix sp., J. Farnum and J. Vergel  (6 slides); May 22, 2018, on Dypsislutescens, J. Miller, H. Mayer, M.Z. Phoenixreclinata, H. Mayer, J. Miller, M.Z. Phoenix sp., J. Farnum and J. Vergel  (6 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 22, 2018, on Phoenixroebelenii, E. Talamas, V. de Campover, C. Mannion (2018-2779); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 22, 2018, on Phoenix sp., L. Osborne, Y. Hernandez, P. Perez (2018-2794); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 22, 2018, on Cycasrevoluta, L. Osborne, Y. Hernandez, P. Perez (2018-2854) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 22, 2018, on Phoenix sp., J. Farnum and J. Vergel (2018-2784); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 22, 2018, on Phoenix sp., L. Osborne and Y. Hernandez (2018-2785); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 23, 2018, on Phoenix sp., J. Farnum and J. Vergel  (6 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 23, 2018, on Phoenix sp., J. Farnum, C.M. Twyford (2018-2766) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 24, 2018, on Phoenixroebelenii, J. Farnum and C.C. Twyford (2018-2795); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, May 24, 2018, on Phoenix sp., C.M. Twyford  (12 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, May 24, 2018, on Strelitzia sp., O. Garcia and M.Z. Cocosnucifera, O. Garcia and M.Z. Tahinaspectabilis, C.T. Allen, J. Farnum, S. Durand, A. Roda (2018-5459) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, October 26, 2018, on Pittosporumtobira, J. Farnum, C.T. Allen, A. Roda (2018-5679) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, October 26, 2018, on Livistonachinensis, J. Farnum, C.T. Allen, A. Roda (2018-5680) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, December 3, 2018, on Sabalmexicana, J. Farnum, L. Noblick (2018-6221) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, December 3, 2018, on Nypafruticans, J. Farnum and L. Noblick (2018-6222) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, December 3, 2018, on Tahinaspectabilis, J. Farnum, L. Noblick (2018-6218); Miami-Dade Co., Coral Gables, December 3, 2018, on Howeaforsteriana, J. Farnum and L. Noblick (2018-6219) (3 slides); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, February 8, 2019, on Pandanus sp., L. Smith (2018-481) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., Delray Beach, March 4, 2019, on unknown host, J. Farnum and L. Smith (2018-903) (2 slides).Miami-Dade Co., Miami, March 1, 2018, on Wodyetiabifurcata, L. Smith, 5 1st (2019-5998); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, April 6, 2020, on Ligustrumjaponicum, L. Smith, 10 ad \u2640 (2020-1365); Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, November 6, 2019, on Wodyetiabifurcata, 5 2nd \u2640 (2019-6182); Philippines, June 28, 1996 on Plumeria sp., 2nd \u2640 (SF023635); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, November 9, 2019, on Palmae, O. Garcia, 5 2nd \u2642 (2019-6149); Palm Beach Co., Boca Raton, December 29, 2020, on Phoenixcanariensis, L. Smith, 10 ad \u2640 (2020-4958).Palm Beach Co., Boynton Beach, October 30, 2019, on Phoenixdactylifera, S.W. Evans (E-2012-2099); Guam, Tamuning, June 4, 1984, on Cocosnucifera, R. Muniappan; Hawaii: Oahu, Kapahulu area, March 27, 2009, on Ligustrum sp., M. Ramadan (0904651); Hawaii, Hilo ?, date ?, on Pittosporum sp., B. Kumashiro 5 2nd \u2640,5 2nd \u2640; Philippines, April 7, 1965, on Cocosnucifera, J.I. Mason; Philippines, November 15, 1971, on palm leaf, R.F. Goodall (Seattle 8910); Philippines, March 13, 1975, on Mangiferaindica, M. Yoshinaga (Hawaii 28847); Philippines, August 26, 1975, on Cocosnucifera, A. Buchanan (LA 015303); Philippines, November 30, 1975, on palm leaf, Ozuka & Richardson (Hawaii 32858); Philippines, June 8, 1977, on palm leaf, Tamiya (Hawaii 39130); Philippines, August 17, 1977, on Areca sp., J. Sato (Honolulu 42721); Philippines, October 19, 1978, on Areca sp., Takeda, (Honolulu 43108); Philippines, November 4, 1978, on palm leaf, Jodoi, (Honolulu 42704); Philippines, May 26, 1981, on Tamarindusindica, D.O. Wienhee & F.G. Walisen (Seattle 17304); Philippines, May 12, 1985, on Philippines, Clauseniaanisum, C. Dollopf (Chicago 009312); Philippines, June 28, 1996, on Plumeria sp. (SF 023635); Philippines, October 19, 1978, on Areca sp., Takeda (Honolulu 43108); Taiwan, May 10, 1981, on leaf, J.L. Levitt (Seattle 17328); Taiwan, April 8, 1988, on Ficus sp., V. McDonald (JFK 100609); Thailand, August 31, 1982, on leaf, G. Hinsdale (Anchorage 017131); Thailand, July 19, 1985, on Murrayakoenigii, J. Alabu (LA 052785); Thailand, November 15,1987, on Areca sp., J. Elridge (Atlanta 003471); Thailand, March 20, 2003, on Arecaceae, F. Hadded; Thailand, March 27, 2006, on palm, M. Hanzlik (ANC 060060); Vietnam, April 26, 2007, on Cocos sp., A. Coronel (LA 207977 CA); Vietnam, October 26, 2012, on unknown host, D. Gregory (SF 1301449).Grenada, Calivingy Island, March 2012, on F.coronata Williams & Watson from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands deposited in the USNM collection at Beltsville, Maryland. Most of the specimens were punctured in the middle of the body between the posterior spiracles during the mounting process. However, we could still see that all had microducts between the posterior spiracles which were small and less numerous than specimens from elsewhere, but they definitely are there.We examined four paratype slides of F.phantasma in the same collection, but it is in such poor condition that only half of the pygidium is useful for diagnosis. It is impossible to even find the posterior spiracles, let alone microducts between them. In addition, the holotype of F.phantasma deposited in The Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK) was loaned to and examined by one of us (DL). It also was in poor condition; microducts close to anterior and posterior spiracles and in prepygidial abdominal segments were not visible. All of the examined specimens of F.phantasma that were in good condition had easily discernable microducts between the posterior spiracles.We also examined a paratype slide of Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraDiaspididaeMaskell, 1897AD947CA6-2C15-5487-B08E-06069C806CDDFirst-instar exuviae overlapping second-instar exuviae. With indentation formed between attachment of first- and second-instar exuviae. Second-instar exuviae oval, convex marginally; medium to dark brown; longitudinal ridge conspicuous. Posterior end of adult female within second-instar exuviae rounded. Heavily infested leaves with white secretion . Cluster of small microducts with sclerotized orifice laterad of anterior spiracle absent. Five or more gland spines on each side of body between anterior and posterior spiracles. Antennae each with one enlarged seta.Pinussinensis, A. Koebele 2nd \u2640, \u2642 (1529); United States, California, Los Angeles Co., Los Angeles, August 11, 2020, on Podocarpusmacrophyllus, N. Ellenrieder, 3 2nd \u2640, 2 ad \u2640 (2020-3174).China, Hong Kong, December 1895, on Pinussinensis, A. Koebele (1529) mounted from type material, 2 2nd \u2640, 2 2nd \u2642, 2 ad \u2640; Japan, Yokohama, Yamashita-cho, October 15, 1941, on Pittosporumtobira, K. Soto 1 1st \u2640, 2 2nd \u2640 (Yokohama 199); Japan, November 2, 1977, on Podocarpus sp., 1 1st \u2640, 7 ad \u2640; United States, California, Orange Co., October 2002, on Pittosporum sp., H. Mitchell 1 1st \u2642 embryo, 1 1st \u2640 embryo, 7 2nd \u2640, 6 ad \u2640.China, Hong Kong, December 1895, on Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraDiaspididaeGreen, 19008F18EAE1-24E1-582B-853E-E317E0408028First-instar exuviae overlapping second-instar exuviae. Without indentation formed between attachment of first- and second-instar exuviae. Second-instar exuviae oval, convex marginally or parallel sided; light to medium dark brown; longitudinal ridge conspicuous and thick. Posterior end of adult female within second-instar exuviae rounded. Heavily infested leaves with white secretion.F.fioriniae and F.phantasma in having gland spines on abdominal segment VI at least half as long as gland spine on segment VII. Fioriniafioriniae differs by having (characters in parentheses are those of P.proboscidaria): inner apex of large duct on head flat (rounded or mushroom like). Fioriniaphantasma differs by having (characters in parentheses are those of F.proboscidaria): pattern of derm surrounding large duct on head globular (serpentine); inner apex of large duct on head rounded or mushroom like (flat).Similar to Process between antennae without spicules, often clubbed. Head conical. Antennae close together. Macroducts usually 3\u20135 on each side of pygidium, thin, longer than wide, resembling microducts. Gland spines barely projecting from body margin. Gland tubercles nearly continuous along body margin from head to abdominal segment III. Microducts in medial areas of prepygidial segments dorsally and ventrally. Lateral margin of head with cluster of circular tubercles possibly representing eye.Fiorinia species from China. Only a few have an unusually elongate interantennal process and a conical head. Fioriniaproboscidaria resembles F.biakana Williams and Watson but differs by (characters in parentheses are those of F.biakana): space between median lobes less than width of median lobe (greater than width of lobe); macroducts ca. same width as gland spine ducts (wider than gland spine ducts); gland spines slightly protruding from derm surface ; gland tubercles continuous along body margin (grouped in clusters). This species also resembles F.turpiniae Takahashi but differs by (characters in parentheses are those of F.turpiniae): trilocular pores present near the anterior spiracle (absent); gland spines short, shorter than gland spine duct . Fioriniaproboscidaria differs from F.randiae Takahashi by (characters in parentheses are those of F.randiae): gland spines short, shorter than gland spine duct ; median lobes nearly parallel (divergent). Florida specimens of F.proboscidaria are consistent with the description of There are a number of species with processes between the antennae; Median lobes broad, as wide as or wider than medial lobule of second lobe, projecting ca. same amount or slightly less than medial lobule of second lobes. With four pairs of marginal macroducts. Swelling of body margin adjacent to macroduct usually rounded. With three large gland spines on margin of each side of body from abdominal segments II\u2013IV; usually with small gland spine on each side of abdominal segments V and VI; without small gland spines on abdominal segment I. With three microducts on each side of head. Longitudinal line of microducts present submarginally on venter of abdominal segments II\u2013VI, normally with 1\u20135 microducts on each side of each segment. Small lobular projections on anterior of head sometimes present. Cicatrix present on dorsal submargin of abdominal segment I.Two duct clusters on each side of body, anterior cluster without communal duct, posterior cluster composed of communal duct without associated smaller ducts. Normally, three longitudinal lines of microducts on venter of abdomen  occasionally with two medially forming four longitudinal lines. Without cluster of small microducts with sclerotized orifice laterad of anterior spiracle. Fewer than five gland spines on each side of body between anterior and posterior spiracles. Antennae each with one enlarged seta.Citrus sp., J. Hoffman (2013-9087) (7 slides); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, November 19, 2014, on Citrus sp., M. Briceno (2014-859) (6 slides); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, October 23, 2014, on Citrus sp., M. Briceno (2014-7431) (2 slides); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, October 30, 2014, on Citrus sp., M. Briceno (2014-7574) (7 Slides); Hillsborough Co., Valrico, September 17, 2018, on Citrus\u00d7paradisi, P. Barker (2018-4907) (2 slides); Putnam Co., Palatka, October 25, 2018, on Ilexcornuta, M. Cain, T. Wright, and C. Hall (2018-5664) (2 slides); Santa Rosa Co., Gulf Breeze, January 3, 2014, on Citrus sp., M. Anderson (2014-46) (3 slides).Hillsborough Co., Tampa, December 16, 2013, on Citrus sp., M. Cain, 5 2nd \u2640, (2020-2353); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, December 16, 2013, on Citrus sp., J. Hoffman 5 ad \u2640 (2013-9087); Manatee Co., Bradenton, January 6, 2021, on Citrus sp., P. Kumar, 10 ad \u2640 (2021-67); Pinellas Co., Palm Harbor, September 16, 2019, on Citrus sp. B. Rose, 2 ad \u2640 (2019-5124); Putnam Co., Crescent City, October 2, 2019, on Citrus sp., D. Rigby, M. Cain, 5 1st (2018-5548); Putnam Co., Crescent City, October 2, 2019, on Citrus sp., D. Rigby, M. Cain, 5 2nd \u2642 (2018-5548).Flagler Co., Palm Coast, June 18, 2020, on Podocarpus sp., J. Dooley 1 2nd \u2642, 1 prepupa, 4 ad \u2640 (Los Angeles 25002). Martinique, February 8, 2000, on Citrusaurantifolia, K. Stewart 1 2nd \u2640, 1 ad \u2640 (St. Thomas 010770).China, Hong Kong, September 2, 1980, on Taxon classificationAnimaliaHemipteraDiaspididaeGreen, 190006798ADC-EED1-54A6-AEF2-4DB1C23C42BCFirst-instar exuviae overlapping second-instar exuviae. Without indentation between attachment of first- and second-instar exuviae. Second-instar exuviae oval, convex marginally; light gray to nearly black; longitudinal ridge conspicuous. Posterior end of adult female within second-instar exuviae rounded. Heavily infested leaves with extensive white secretion . Without cluster of small microducts with sclerotized orifice laterad of anterior spiracle (sometimes with one duct present). Fewer than five gland spines on each side of body between anterior and posterior spiracles. Antennae each with one enlarged seta. Some specimens with small protrusions that are remnants of legs.Camellia sp., C. Jones, (2012-7479) (2 slides); Alachua Co., Gainesville, February 10, 1965, on Camelliajaponica, A.E. Graham (1965-0345); Alachua Co., Gainesville, October 16, 1973, on Citrusmitis, F. Collins (1973-3065); Alachua Co., Gainesville, October 25, 1979, on Citrus sp., R.I. Sailer (1979-1513); Alachua Co., Gainesville, March 20, 1991, on Ilex sp., F. Bennet (1991-2953); Alachua Co., Gainesville, March 20, 1991, on Ilex sp., F. Bennett (1991-001\u2013002) (2 slides); Alachua Co., Gainesville, July 19, 1991, on Ilex sp., F. Bennett (1991-0383) (3 Slides); Alachua Co., Gainesville, December 3, 1991, on Ilex sp., F. Bennet (1991-002\u2013003) (2 slides); Alachua Co., Gainesville, October 16, 1992, Ilex sp., F. Bennett (1992-001); Alachua Co., Gainesville, April 15, 1999, on Ilex sp., D. Strosnider (1999-383) (2 slides); Alachua Co., Gainesville, July 2011, on Ilexcornuta, Shirley Vogel (2011-4847); Alachua Co., Gainesville, February 2012, on Camelliasasanqua, D. Feiber (2012-1006) (3 slides); Alachua Co., Gainesville, January 8, 2013, on Illiciumfloridanum, M. Frank (2013-102) (2 slides); Alachua Co., Gainesville, December 1, 2013, on Camellia sp., T. Harris (2013-8692); Alachua Co., Hawthorne, February 26, 1971, on Aucubajaponica, E.W. Holder (1971-2976) (5 slides); Baker Co., Macclenny, March 14, 1968, on Ilexlatifolia, H.W. Collins (1968-351) (2 slides); Baker Co., Macclenny, October 21, 1975, on Ilexcornuta, C. Webb (1975-411); Bay Co., Panama City, March 8, 1978, on Euonymussp., A.E. Graham (1978-003); Brevard Co., Grant, June 15, 1962, on Camellia sp., H.C. Levan (1962-0388); Citrus Co., Hernando, August 15, 1979, on Ilexcornuta, R.H. Phillips (1979-1604) (2 slides); Collier Co., Naples, November 13, 2012, on Ilex sp., S. Krueger (2012-8615) (2 slides); Collier Co., Naples, November 13, 2012, on Ilex sp., S. Krueger (2012-8618) (2 slides); Dixie Co., Old Town, November 19, 1979, on Euonymus sp., F. McHenry (1979-1664) (3 slides); Dixie Co., Suwannee, May 22, 1978, on Citrusnobilis, A.E. Graham and A. Hamon (1978-1601) (3 slides); Duval Co., Jacksonville, February 17, 1981, on Ilexcassine, H. Collins (1981-0352) (2 slides); Duval Co., Jacksonville, October 13, 1981, on Citrussinensis, G. Virgona  (3 slides); Duval Co., Jacksonville, January 25, 2005, on Camelliajaponica, J. Smith (2005-464); Duval Co., Jacksonville, October 26, 2010, on Ilexvomitoria, J. Brambila (2010-6593); Duval Co., Jacksonville, October 15, 2012, on Camellia sp., K. Theriault (2012-7841\u20137842) (4 slides); Duval Co., Jacksonville, October 25, 2012, on Citrus sp., K.Coffey, Lisa Hassell (2012-8102) (2 slides); Duval Co., Jacksonville, April 15, 2013, on Ilex sp., K. Theriault (2013-2501) (2 slides); Duval Co., Jacksonville, March 26, 2014, on Camelliasasanqua, L. Hassel (2014-2025) (2 slides); Escambia Co., Pensacola, March 10, 1991, on Camellia sp., F.D. Bennett  (2 slides); Flagler Co., Bunnell, January 11, 2012, on Ilexcornuta (2012-369) (4 slides); Gadsden Co., Chattahoochee, December 13, 1990, on Camellia sp., F. Bennett (1990-011\u2013013) (3 slides); Gadsden Co., Quincy, January 28, 2005, on Ilex sp., B. Cecil (2005-901); Gadsden Co., Quincy, March 20, 2012, on Poncirus sp., M. Bentley (2012-1944) (2 slides); Hillsborough Co., Brandon, May 29, 1986, on Ilex sp., J. Felty (1986-0453); Hillsborough Co., Tampa, March 13, 2018, on Citrus\u00d7paradisi, M. Briceno (2018-1035) (3 slides); Indian River Co., Vero Beach, August 26, 2013, on Ilex sp., J. Kennedy (2013-6273); Jefferson Co., Monticello, November 29, 1973, on Citrus sp., W.H. Pierce (19730348) (2 slides); Lake Co., Clermont, February 7, 2012, on Camellia sp., H. Alred (2012-793) (3 slides); Lake Co., Eustis, January 22, 1965, on Camellia sp., A.L. Bentley (1965-1655) (4 slides); Lake Co., Eustis, April 29, 2010, on Ilex sp., M. Sellers (2010-2438) (2 slides); Lake Co., Eustis, May 3, 2018, on Camelliajaponica, M. Sellers (2018-2334) (2 slides); Leon Co., Tallahassee October 13, 1919, on Camelliajaponica, P.F. Robertson (1919-1619) (2 Slides); Leon Co., Tallahassee, August 8, 1976, on Citrus\u00d7paradisi, S. Beidler (1976-0423) (3 slides); Leon Co., Tallahassee, October 2, 1978, on Euonymus sp., Q. Anglin (1978-3073) (3 slides); Leon Co., Tallahassee, December 13, 1991, on Camelliajaponica, F. Bennett (1991-0445) (3 slides); Leon Co., Tallahassee, April 6, 2015, on Camellia sp., M. Bentley (2015-1687) (3 slides); Madison Co., Pinetta, October 22, 1985, on Poncirustrifoliata, J. Thomas (1985-1596); Manatee Co., Duette, March 2, 2005, on Ilexcornuta, K. Pippenger (2005-1077); Manatee Co., Oneco, October 19, 1923, on Camelliajaponica, D.F. Schwarts (1923-1594) (2 slides); Marion Co., Citra, March 2, 2007, on Ilex sp., F. McHenry (2007-1335); Marion Co., Citra, March 2, 2007, on Ilex sp., F. McHenry (2007-1335) (2 slides); Marion Co., November 15, 2010, on Camellia sp. (2010-7091); Marion Co., Reddick, November 15, 2010, on Camellia sp., S. Wayte (2010-7091); Martin Co., Jensen Beach, April 23, 2014, on Ilexopaca, L. West (2014-2807) (2 slides); Martin Co., Stuart, December 13, 1979, on Raphiolepisumbellata, R. Gaskalla (1979-2966) (3 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Miami, December 6, 2012, Ilex sp., O. Garcia (2012-9157) (2 slides); Miami-Dade Co., Surfside, March 1, 2018, on Citrus sp., O. Garcia (2018-788) (2 slides); Nassau Co., Fernandina Beach, November 7, 2017, on Citrus sp., R. Leahy (2017-4261) (2 slides); Nassau Co., Yulee, September 21, 2012, on Ilex sp., R. Traya (2012-7169) (2 slides); Nassau Co., Yulee, March 14, 2013, on Ilexvomitoria, R. Traya (2013-1586) (2 slides); Nassau Co., Yulee, July 25, 2016, on Ilexcornuta, R. Traya (2016-3604); Orange Co., April 30, 2002, on Citrusreticulata, L. Brown (2002-1644); Orange Co., Apopka, January 30, 1990, on Ilexvomitoria, C. Murphy (1990-0353) (4 slides); Orange Co., Apopka, November 17, 1998, on Camelliajaponica, L. Wilber (1998-3011) (5 slides); Orange Co., Apopka, April 20, 2002, on Citrusreticulata, L. Brown (2002-1644) (2 slides); Orange Co., Apopka, March 8, 2012, on Ilex sp., K. Gonzalez (2012-1575) (2 slides); Orange Co., Orlando, February 3, 1977, on Camelliasp., D.A. Graddy (1977-1514) (6 slides); Orange Co., Orlando, April 19, 2010, on Citrusreticulata, L. Russe (2010-2055); Orange Co., Orlando, February 16, 2012, on Ilex sp., R. Lopez (2012-1048) (3 slides); Orange Co., Orlando, February 2013, on Theaceae, A. Puppelo (2013-1127); Orange Co., Orlando, August 20, 2014, on Camelliajaponica, T. Lyons (2014-5856) (2 slides); Orange Co., Pine Castle, February 5, 1962, on Camelliasp., A.C. Crews (1962-0333) (2 slides); Orange Co., Maitland, July 30, 1970, on Camelliajaponica, E.R. Simmons (1970-1516) (2 slides); Palm Beach Co., West Palm Beach, October 9, 1979, on Perseaamericana, N. Miles (1979-029\u2013032) (4 slides); Palm Beach Co., West Palm Beach, October 17, 2012, on Citrus sp., M. Clark (2012-7966) (2 slides); Pasco Co., Lutz, November 3, 2011, on Citrussinensis, L. Osbeck (2011-8420) (2 slides); Pasco Co., Odessa, December 21, 2011, on Ilexcornuta (2011-9392); Pinellas Co., Clearwater, November 15, 1962, on Senecioconfusus, C.E. Bingaman (1962-1623); Pinellas Co., Gulfport, December 14, 1977, on Citrusaurantifolia, K. Hickman (1977-0370) (2 slides); Pinellas Co., Oldsmar, May 5, 2005, on Citrus sp., D. Albritton (2005-2337); Pinellas Co., Palm Harbor, February 2012, on Citrusmaxima, G. Campani and J. Hawk (2012-1112) (3 slides); Pinellas Co., Palm Harbor, November 16, 2010, on Citruslimon, J. Brownstein (2010-7134); Pinellas Co., Safety Harbor, April 11, 2012, on Syzygiumjambos, L. Alston (2012-2672) (2 slides); Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg, May 4, 1979, on Citrusreticulata, K. Hickman (1979-0469) (2 slides); Pinellas Co., St. Petersburg, March 25, 2010, on Illiciumfloridanum, G. Bernard (2010-1506); Pinellas Co., Tarpon Springs, February 18, 2012, on Citrus sp., K. Edgerton (2012-1039) (2 slides); Pinellas Co., Tarpon Springs, March 3, 2015, on Cinnamomumcamphora, B. Rose (2015-928) (2 slides); Polk Co., Haines City, January 22, 2013, on Ilex sp., S, Distelberg (2013-0328) (3 slides); Polk Co., Winter Haven, December 12, 1960, on Camelliajaponica, A.C. McAulay and V.K. Norton (1960-0374); Polk Co., Winter Haven, September 9, 1963, on Gardenia sp., L.H. Heeb (1963-1653); Polk Co., Winter Haven, December 2, 2013, Camellia sp., C. Gibbard (2013-8729); Putnam Co., East Palaka, August 1, 2018, on Citrus sp., M. Cain (2018-4101) (2 slides); Putnam Co., Pomona Park, December 12, 1968, on Euonymusamericanus, A.E. Graham (1968-0454) (6 slides); Santa Rosa Co., Bagdad, January 29, 1970, on Euryajaponica, R.W. Albritton (1970-1654) (7 slides); Santa Rosa Co., March 5, 2012, on Camelliajaponica, M. Anderson (2012-1534); Seminole Co., Longwood, July 30, 1970, Camelliajaponica, E.R. Simmons (1970-3068); Seminole Co., Oviedo, January 31, 2013, on Cleyerajaponica, J. Krok (2013-640) (2 slides); Seminole Co., Oviedo, March 13, 2013, on Ilexopaca, J. Krok (2013-1691); Seminole Co., Sanford, July 16, 2012, on Myrtaceae, J. Krok, (2012-5308) (2 slides); St. Johns Co., St. Augustine, May 24, 2013, on Ilex sp., K. Theriault (2013-3667) (2 slides); St. Lucie Co., Ft. Pierce, February 21, 2005, on Ilexcornuta, D. Vazquez (2005-4069) (3 slides); Sumter Co., Bushnell, January 12, 2012, on Camellia sp., H. Alred (2012-377) (3 slides); Sumter Co., Bushnell, May 7, 2010, on Camelliasasanqua, H. Alred (2010-2501); Sumter Co., Center Hill, April 17, 2012, on Camelliajaponica, H. Alred (2012-2752) (4 slides); Suwannee Co., Brandford, November 22, 2010, on Camelliajaponica, W.W. Bailey (2010-7236); Suwannee Co., Live Oak, December 22, 2004, on Camelliajaponica, Wayne Bailey (2004-8133); Suwannee Co., Live Oak, February 19, 2008, on Camelliajaponica, W. Wayne Bailey (2008-209); Suwannee Co., Live Oak, February 28, 2012, on Ilexcornuta, D. Ruseell-Hughes and K. Collins (2012-1341) (3 slides); Suwannee Co., Live Oak, February 28, 2012, on Ilexcornuta, K. Collins (2012-1329) (2 slides); Suwannee Co., Live Oak, July 24, 2012, on Aquifoliaceae, D. Russell-Hughes (2012-5483) (2 slides); Suwannee Co., Live Oak, February 19, 2013, Camellia sp., W. Wayne Bailey (2013-1082); Taylor Co., November 18, 2010, on Camelliajaponica, W. Wayne Bailey (2010-7155); Taylor Co., Perry, March 6, 1978, on Citruslimon, Q. Anglin (1978-0397); Taylor Co., Perry, March 6, 1978, on Citruslimon, Q. Anglin (1978-034); Taylor Co., Perry, March 6, 1978, on Citruslimon, Q. Anglin (1978-035); Taylor Co., Perry, March 8, 1979, on Euonymussp., Q. Anglin (1979-037); Taylor Co., Perry, March 8, 1979, on Euonymussp., Q. Anglin (1979-1599); Taylor Co., Perry, February 7, 2007, on Camelliajaponica, Wayne Bailey (2007-748); Taylor Co., Perry, November 18, 2010, on Ilexcornuta, W.W. Bailey (2010-7155); Taylor Co., Steinhatchee, May 24, 2010, on Ilexcornuta, W. Wayne Bailey (2010-2993); Volusia Co., Daytona Beach, FL, March 14, 1963, on Malpighiasp., J.N. Pott (1963-2963) (2 slides); Volusia Co., Orange Mills, October 6, 1964, on Fortunellasp., A.E. Graham (1964-0470) (16 slides); Volusia Co., Holly Hill, November 16, 1971, on Fortunellasp., J.N. Pott (1971-0366) (2 slides); Volusia Co., Daytona Beach, November 23, 1976, on Ilexcornuta, J.N. Pott (1976-0378) (4 slides); Volusia Co., Ormond Beach, April 18, 2008, on Ilexcornuta, K. Coffey (2008-2272) (3 slides); Volusia Co., Edgewater January 13, 2012, on Ilexcornuta (2012-263) (3 slides).Alachua Co., Alachua, October 1, 2012, nd \u2640; Alachua Co., Gainesville, October 9, 2019, January 24, 2020 on Ilex sp., M. Borden, D. Miller 5 2nd \u2642 .Little Rock, Arkansas, February 15, 1972, on Bradford Holly, 2Fiorinia species was published more than four decades ago , a junior synonym of F.phantasma (see F.yongxingensis compared with F.coronata (= F.phantasma) are gland tubercles on the prothorax, microducts between the posterior spiracles, a gland spine on the prepygidium, and 0\u20133 pores near each anterior spiracle. Unfortunately, the type series of F.coronata did not contain the variation that we discovered in the Florida populations of F.phantasma. We have seen material with or without gland tubercles on the prothorax, a gland spine on the prepygidium, and 0\u20133 pores near each anterior spiracle. All specimens in the Florida populations have microducts between the posterior spiracles. Based on this information it appeared that the presence of these microducts was the key diagnostic character for F.yongxingensis. Because we needed to know the correct identity of the species introduced to Florida, several more steps were required. The next step was to examine the type series of F.phantasma and F.coronata. DL and JF borrowed the type specimens of F.phantasma from NHMUK and DRM examined another specimen from the type series deposited in USNM, but in each case the specimens were in such poor condition that it was impossible to see if microducts are present between the posterior spiracles. Type material of F.coronata also was studied; a type specimen deposited in the USNM has microducts between the posterior spiracles. A further step was to examine other relevant slides in the USNM. We studied slides from thirteen F.phantasma populations taken in quarantine from the Philippines, the type locality of F.phantasma, between 1965 and 1996, that are deposited in the USNM. We also examined slides taken in quarantine from Grenada, Hawaii, Thailand, Taiwan, and Vietnam. In all cases, microducts were present between the posterior spiracles, and there was overlapping variation in the other characters used to diagnose F.yongxingensis. We have yet to examine any adult female specimens of F.phantasma that lack these microducts and conclude that they are most likely a fixed character of the species.Recently, asma see . CharactF.yongxingensis are within the range of variation that occurs in F.phantasma. Therefore, we here treat F.yongxingensis as a junior synonym of F.phantasma.The final step was to compare the results of multigene molecular analyses of the Florida population, the Chinese population, and two Malaysian populations (D1184 and D1185). The results clearly show that these populations are the same species. The morphological differences suggested as diagnostic of COI barcodes representing nine Fiorinia species in this study. Overall, low intraspecific genetic distances and high interspecific genetic distances ranging from 9.1% to 15.2% between Fiorinia species emphasize the reliability of 5\u2019-COI barcodes in molecular diagnostics of armored scale species. Our rapid slide-mounting protocol and the morphological keys to immatures and adults can provide time- and cost-effective diagnostics of Fiorinia species in the USA. However, for instances where specimens are damaged and cannot be mounted and where molecular diagnostics is the only option, barcodes will help to identify the species of Fiorinia. All of our DNA extractions are vouchered by permanently archived specimens in FSCA. This provides the opportunity for other researchers to validate the identifications of our specimens. We found an example of apparently misidentified specimens that were submitted to Genbank: the barcode of Aulacaspisrosarum Borchsenius  was placed with 35 samples of Pseudaulacaspiscockerelli (Cooley) in our molecular analysis. A subtler discrepancy between DNA sequence and morphological identification, also seen in F.vacciniae Kuwana  together with three samples of F.hymenanthis Takagi. Our study accentuates the importance of depositing morphological voucher specimen in an accessible collection.We obtained 37 5\u2019-Fiorinia species , collected from Lambir Hills National Park, Malaysia, September 26, 2013 from an undetermined host, identified as F.phantasma by BBN, were found to be genetically different from the F.phantasma populations from China, Florida and Malaysia. We reexamined the skins of the specimens used in our molecular analyses. The slides of isolates D4674F and D4778A are in poor condition and covered with fog, but we can see processes between the antennae and the shape of the pygidium, and they are consistent with the morphology of F.phantasma. The slide of isolate D4682A appears to have most characters of F.phantasma including the microducts between the posterior spiracles. This isolate is ca. 9% genetically distant from F.phantasma (based on COI) and is placed far from the subclade of F.phantasma  in the concatenated phylogenetic tree  and P.prunicola (Maskell) are placed in the same clade as Fiorinia in the case of the 5\u2019-COI phylogenetic tree  fall out of the Fiorinia clade and placed with five Pseudaulacaspis species including P.biformis Takagi, P.cockerelli, P.momi (Kuwana), P.pentagona, and P.prunicola, with strong clade support . They were collected from Malaysia in 2013 and determined as Fiorinia sp. by BBN. Given that the pupillarial habit has been gained and lost frequently in the history of Diaspididae  with P.simplex Takagi in the sister subclade that joins the subclade of Pseudaulacaspis/Fiorinia with strong clade support . Fiorinia from Pseudaulacaspis and placed them in different tribes due to their pupillarial habit. However, Pseudaulacaspis and Fiorinia. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that additional sampling of Fiorinia and Pseudaulacaspis from Asia will further clarify the monophyly of the genus Fiorinia.Recently phylogenetic analyses in ree Fig. : Fig. S4spididae , a seconF.externa, the first-instar exuviae are barely touching the second-instar exuviae and form a distinct indentation between the attachment of the first- and second-instar exuviae  The new keys in this study demonstrate that the USA species of Fiorinia can be identified using immature specimens. 3) Second-instar male morphology provided a reliable suite of characters for species-level identification. 4) Based on our comparative analysis of morphological characters and multigene molecular sequencing of specimens of F.phantasma and F.yongxinensis, it is clear that the latter is a junior synonym. 5) Of the different protocols tested for mounting immature specimens of Fiorinia, Hoyer\u2019s mounting medium was the best for discerning delicate morphological characters but it was not desirable for permanent slide preparations. Balsam was the best for permanent mounts but did not provide the morphological clarity of Hoyer\u2019s mounts. 6) The use of a mesh container in the process of mounting immatures is an effective method for preventing the loss of specimens. Overall, the use of the morphological and molecular data provides effective methods for early detection of new infestations and assists regulators in making control decisions.There are six main conclusions of our study. 1) The utilization of molecular barcodes is highly beneficial in diagnosing species of"}
{"text": "Ceftibuten (CTB) is an oral cephalosporin active against ENT approved by the US FDA in 1995. Avibactam (AVI) is a potent inhibitor of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs), serine carbapenemases, and AmpC that can be administered orally. We evaluated the n=1,584; 29 centers) and Europe , but included E. coli isolates from Latin America  and Japan (n=100). A proposed CTB-AVI breakpoint (\u2264 2 mg/L) and the current CLSI breakpoint for CTB (\u2264 8 mg/L) were applied for comparison.3,216 isolates (1/patient) were consecutively collected from patients with cUTI in 72 hospitals from 25 countries in 2021 then susceptibility (S) tested by CLSI broth microdilution. Isolates were mainly from the US , levofloxacin , and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole . Only CTB-AVI, CAZ-AVI, MEM, and AMK were active against >90% of ESBL-phenotype isolates; only CTB-AVI, CAZ-AVI, and AMK were active against > 70% of CRE isolates. CRE rates were 1.8%/1.9% in US/EU; CTB-AVI inhibited 79.3%/81.5% of CRE isolates from US/EU at \u2264 8 mg/L (75.9%/77.8% at \u2264 2 mg/L). The second most active oral agent against CRE was TMP-SMX (24.6%S). Only 17 isolates (0.5%) showed CTB-AVI MICs \u22658 mg/L; these were from the US , EU , and LATAM . Among these 17 isolates, 23.5% were MEM-S, 41.2% were TMP-SMX-S, and 82.4% were AMK-S.The most active agents against ENT were CTB-AVI (99.1%/99.6% inhibited at \u2264 2/\u2264 8 mg/L), ceftazidime (CAZ)-AVI (99.6%S), amikacin , and meropenem . CTB-AVI was 4-fold more potent than CAZ-AVI based on MICCTB-AVI was highly active against a large collection of contemporary ENT isolated from patients with cUTIs and exhibited a similar spectrum to CAZ-AVI. CTB-AVI may represent a valuable option for oral treatment of cUTI caused by resistant ENT.Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Michael D. Huband, BS, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Office for Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a siderophore cephalosporin with activity against a wide variety of Gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and non-fermenters. We evaluated the In vitro susceptibility of cefiderocol and comparator agents to DTR isolatesSusceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution according to CLSI guidelines. All antibiotics were tested in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) except for CFDC, for which iron-depleted CAMHB was used. Susceptibility rate (%) was determined according to CLSI breakpoints, and DTR pathogens were defined as being resistant to cefepime, ceftazidime ceftriaxone , imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin according to CLSI/FDA breakpoints.Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 586 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex (ACB) clinical isolates from the United States, 50 Enterobacterales (0.6%), 36 P. aeruginosa (1.6%) and 114 ACB (19.5%) isolates showed a DTR phenotype, respectively. CFDC demonstrated its potent in vitro activity against these DTR isolates with MIC90 of \u22644 \u03bcg/mL with a susceptibility rate of \u226592% except for DTR ACB based on FDA breakpoint (75.4%). In contrast, MIC90s of \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination drugs showed lower activity (Table).Among a total of 8,328 Enterobacterales, 2,241 in vitro activity against DTR isolates of Enterobacterales, P. aeruginosa and ACB, indicating cefiderocol has high potential for treating infections caused by these difficult-to-treat strains.Cefiderocol demonstrated potent Yoshinori Yamano, PhD, Shionogi: Employee Miki Takemura, n/a, Shionogi: Employee Dee Shortridge, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|JMI Laboratory: Employee|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Christine M. Slover, PharmD, Shionogi: Employee Christopher M. Longshaw, PhD, Shionogi: Employee Roger Echols, MD, Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Roger Echols, MD, Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Roger Echols, MD, Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Regional susceptibility of CFDC and comparators were investigated against US GN isolates collected in 2020-2021 as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program.Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin with broad activity against Gram-negative (GN) bacteria, including multidrug-resistant organisms. GN bacteria such as Enterobacterales (ENT)GN pathogens were consecutively collected from 32 US hospitals between 2020 to 2021. Susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. CFDC was tested in iron-depleted cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. FDA or CLSI breakpoints were used where available. Other agents tested included the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combinations ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem-relebactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ampicillin-sulbactam. CR-PsA, or CRAB was defined as meropenem resistant while CRE was defined as imipenem or meropenem resistant by CLSI breakpoints.Table\u00a01). Amongst the BL/BLI combinations, the majority had >90% susceptibility across regions except for piperacillin-tazobactam with 79.7% for ENT and 65.9% for PsA in the MidAtlantic by FDA breakpoints. For ABC and StM, CFDC susceptibility was > 88% across all regions. For CR pathogens, 96 CRE, 327 CR-PsA, and 199 CRAB were collected. CFDC had >87.5% susceptibility in all regions for CRE and CR-PSA. For CRAB, 4 regions were > 87.5% by FDA breakpoints and the lowest was 63.6% in 11 isolates in the Mountain region (Table\u00a02). For CRAB, every BL/BLI had susceptibility \u226427.3% in every region. Ampicillin-sulbactam had 27.3% susceptibility in the Mountain region.A total of 8328 ENT, 2241 PsA, 586 ABC, and 404 StM were collected. For ENT and PsA, CFDC susceptibility between the 9 US Census regions remained above 98% susceptible by CLSI or FDA breakpoints in all regions , Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Roger Echols, MD, Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Roger Echols, MD, Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Roger Echols, MD, Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Miki Takemura, n/a, Shionogi: Employee Yoshinori Yamano, PhD, Shionogi: Employee."}
{"text": "Limax is still poorly understood. Preliminary morphological and molecular data suggest that many unnamed or unrecognised species exist, especially in the Alps, the Mediterranean and the Balkans.Despite their large size, striking colouration and genital extravagance, the taxonomy of the European giant keelback slugs of the genus L.cinereoniger Wolf 1803 and describe it as L.pseudocinereoniger.We organised a citizen science expedition to Durmitor National Park in Montenegro and discovered a new species, genetically distinct, but morphologically similar to the sympatric  Limax. In general, these terrestrial animals  are well-known for their size and colour pattern . What also speaks to the imagination are their genitals  to involve the general public in species discovery in biodiversity hotspots and to engage them in the description and publication of species new to science. Although early initiatives to involve citizen scientists in systematics studies did not move beyond the mere collecting of data  morphologically distinct from L.cinereoniger.During the 2018 trip, we found and sequenced three large  earlier . Upon coLimax specimens were collected by expedition members on two separate taxon expeditions to Durmitor National Park, Montenegro, 10-19 July 2018 and 9-18 July 2019. In addition, specimens were collected by the first author, M. Schilthuizen, in the summers of 2018 and 2019 in other locations in Montenegro. Specimens were retrieved from under logs and rocks on the forest floor, under overhanging rocks, in crevices in limestone and behind loose bark of dead trees. Individuals of mature size were photographed alive , relaxed overnight in water without air bubbles and then transferred into 70% ethanol. The ethanol was refreshed once or twice in the following days or weeks. Tissue samples of up to 10 mm3 were taken from the side of the sole or the keel and preserved in 96% ethanol for further molecular work. The details for specimens that were referred to L.pseudocinereoniger have been listed under \"Types\" in the description of that species below. The details for two specimens of L.cinereoniger  are as follows: Montenegro, Durmitor National Park, Tara Canyon, 43.18136\u00b0N, 19.24084\u00b0E, 794 m elev., 13 July 2018, locality code: TxEx-DU0040, leg. I. Njunji\u0107 & Taxon Expedition participants, 2 adults (dissected and DNA-barcoded). All material is stored in the Taxon Expeditions Collection, Leiden (collection coden TXEX), Leiden, the collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden (collection coden RMNH) and the Zoologische Staatssammlung M\u00fcnchen (collection coden SNSB-ZSM).L.cinereoniger, we only used our own specimens of both species from Montenegro (see above under Fieldwork) and only those for which the species identity had been confirmed with a DNA barcode, i.e. the individuals marked with TxEx-DU locality codes in Fig. L.cinereoniger, deviates to some extent from the one of For the descriptions of the morphology and the morphological differentiation of the new species from www.boldsystems.org). They are accessible under numbers TXEX039-19 \u2013 TXEX045-19 and TXEX048-19. To determine the species identities, we obtained all sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding region labelled in Limaxcinereoniger\u2019, \u2018Limaxcf.cinereoniger\u2019 and \u2018Limax \u201cpseudocinereoniger\u201d\u2019 from GenBank. All sequences (newly generated as well as mined from GenBank) were aligned in Geneious Prime v.2020.0.4 using the MUSCLE algorithm (Lehmanniamarginata (Genbank FJ606455) was used as outgroup to root the trees.Tissue samples (prepared as described above) from eight individuals  were analysed genetically with a portable field lab, as described previously . DNA waslgorithm  and defalgorithm , with a Schilthuizen, Thompson, de Vries, van Peursen, Reisinger, Paterno, Maestri, Marcolungo, Esposti, Delledonne & Njunji\u0107, 2022sp. n.F2336F99-5594-589F-B818-BE0F84DE63CF3944596F-E524-4EED-97DB-FBA2A028687BStylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1855Suborder Limacoidea Lamarck, 1801Superfamily Limacidae Lamarck, 1801Family Limax Linnaeus, 1758Genus Limaxmaximus Linnaeus, 1758 Type species:  synonyms:Limaxpseudocinereoniger\u201d Nitz (2013) \u201cType status:Holotype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/API_Public/specimen?ids=TxExDU0122|TxExPR0004|TxExDU0041|TxExDU0112|TxExDU0121; recordNumber: TxExDU0041; recordedBy: Taxon Expeditions participants; individualID: TxExDU0041; individualCount: 1; sex: H; associatedMedia: http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_3+1577602544.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/Giant_slug+1577607140.JPG|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_3_lateral+1577604939.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_3_ventral+1577605013.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_3_dorsal+1577604893.jpg; Taxon: scientificName: Limaxpseudocinereoniger; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Stylommatophora; family: Limacidae; genus: Limax; specificEpithet: pseudocinereoniger; Location: country: Montenegro; decimalLatitude: 43.2189; decimalLongitude: 19.1759; Event: eventDate: 18-07-2018; habitat: under rocky overhang; Record Level: institutionCode: Taxon Expeditions B.V.; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/API_Public/specimen?ids=TxExDU0122|TxExPR0004|TxExDU0041|TxExDU0112|TxExDU0121; recordNumber: TxExDU0122; recordedBy: Menno Schilthuizen; individualID: TxExDU0122; individualCount: 1; sex: H; associatedMedia: http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_4+1577602643.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/DU0122lateral+1577615238.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/DU0122ventral+1577615289.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_4_dorsal+1577605110.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/DU0122dorsal+1577615162.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_4_lateral+1577605161.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_4_ventral+1577605254.jpg; Taxon: scientificName: Limaxpseudocinereoniger; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Stylommatophora; family: Limacidae; genus: Limax; specificEpithet: pseudocinereoniger; Location: country: Montenegro; decimalLatitude: 43.169; decimalLongitude: 18.999; Identification: identifiedBy: Menno Schilthuizen; Record Level: institutionCode: Taxon Expeditions B.V.; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/API_Public/specimen?ids=TxExDU0122|TxExPR0004|TxExDU0041|TxExDU0112|TxExDU0121; recordNumber: TxExDU0112; recordedBy: M. Schilthuizen & I. Njunji\u0107; individualID: TxExDU0112; individualCount: 1; sex: H; associatedMedia: http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/TxEx-DU0112-Lim-dorsal+1577602220.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_5_lateral+1577605397.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_5_dorsal+1577605353.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_5+1577602761.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/TxEx-DU0112-Lim-ventral+1577602257.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_5_ventral+1577605440.jpg; Taxon: scientificName: Limaxpseudocinereoniger; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Stylommatophora; family: Limacidae; genus: Limax; specificEpithet: pseudocinereoniger; Location: country: Montenegro; locality: Arapova Pe\u0107ina; decimalLatitude: 43.0481; decimalLongitude: 19.0793; Identification: identifiedBy: Menno Schilthuizen; Record Level: institutionCode: Taxon Expeditions B.V.; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/API_Public/specimen?ids=TxExDU0122|TxExPR0004|TxExDU0041|TxExDU0112|TxExDU0121; recordNumber: TxExDu0121; recordedBy: Rick de Vries; individualID: TxExDU0121; individualCount: 1; sex: H; associatedMedia: http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_7+1577602879.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_7_lateral+1577605850.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/DU0121ventral+1577614992.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_7_dorsal+1577605804.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/DU0121dorsal+1577614812.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/DU0121lateral+1577614952.jpg|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/slug_7_ventral+1577605892.jpg; Taxon: scientificName: Limaxpseudocinereoniger; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Stylommatophora; family: Limacidae; genus: Limax; specificEpithet: pseudocinereoniger; Location: country: Montenegro; decimalLatitude: 43.2189; decimalLongitude: 19.1759; Identification: identifiedBy: Menno Schilthuizen; Record Level: institutionCode: Taxon Expeditions B.V.; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/API_Public/specimen?ids=TxExDU0122|TxExPR0004|TxExDU0041|TxExDU0112|TxExDU0121; recordNumber: TxExPr0004; recordedBy: M. Schilthuizen & I. Njunji\u0107; individualID: TxExPR0004; individualCount: 1; sex: H; associatedMedia: http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/TxExPR0004vent+1577624611.JPG|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/TxExPR0004dors+1577624546.JPG|http://www.boldsystems.org/pics/TXEX/TxExPR0004late+1577624578.JPG; Taxon: scientificName: Limaxpseudocinereoniger; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Stylommatophora; family: Limacidae; genus: Limax; specificEpithet: pseudocinereoniger; Location: country: Montenegro; locality: Katun Zastan; decimalLatitude: 42.5203; decimalLongitude: 19.7855; Identification: identifiedBy: Menno Schilthuizen; Record Level: institutionCode: Taxon Expeditions B.V.; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenHolotype: Montenegro, Durmitor National Park, Tara Canyon, 43.21888\u00b0N, 19.17588\u00b0E, 783 m elev., under rocky overhang, 13 July 2018, locality code: TxEx-DU0041, leg. I. Njunji\u0107 & Taxon Expedition participants, 1 adult (dissected and DNA-barcoded): RMNH.MOL.338775 in RMNH, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.Paratypes: Montenegro, Durmitor National Park, Su\u0161i\u0107ko Valley, 43.16900\u00b0N; 18.99900\u00b0E, 1210 m elev., behind loose bark of log, 13 July 2019, locality code: TxEx-DU0122, leg. M. Schilthuizen & Taxon Expedition participants, 1 adult (dissected and DNA-barcoded) in TXEX, Leiden, The Netherlands. Montenegro, Grabovica, 43.04809\u00b0N; 19.07934\u00b0E, 1564 m elev., under log, 5 July 2019, locality code: TxEx-DU0112, leg. M. Schilthuizen & I. Njunji\u0107, 1 adult (dissected and DNA-barcoded) in TXEX, Leiden, The Netherlands. Montenegro, Durmitor National Park, Tara Canyon, 43.21888\u00b0N, 19.17588\u00b0E, 783 m elev., in crevice in rock, 12 July 201), locality code: TxEx-DU0121, leg. R de Vries & Taxon Expedition participants, 1 adult (dissected and DNA-barcoded) in TXEX, Leiden, The Netherlands. Montenegro, Prokletije, Katun Zastan, 42.52031\u00b0N, 19.78551\u00b0E, 1296 m elev., 24 July 2019, leg. M. Schilthuizen & I. Njunji\u0107, 1 adult (DNA-barcoded) in SNSB-ZSM.Other material. Montenegro, Biogradska Gora (BNM 060820); Bulgaria, Vitosha-Rila-Rhodopes . External appearance.Large, up to 116 mm long; mantle length up to 37 mm; keel length up to 44 mm . Keel prominent. Colouration monochrome or patterned. Body colour dark brown to black, fading to light brown on the flanks or uniformly light brown . Dorsum often darker than the flanks. Keel often  distinctly brighter than the rest of the dorsal body colour. Mantle colour similar to or darker than the dorsum, always without any patterning (preserved specimens have the mantle similar or lighter than the rest of the dorsum). Inner field of the tripartite sole of the foot always creamy white, outer fields mottled grey or black, fading from posterior to anterior and from the outer edge towards the inner field (similar colouration in preserved specimens). Head colour similar to or lighter than the body, darker dorsally than laterally, sometimes with spotted pattern around the mouth area and on the tentacles. Eye tentacles dark grey to black or creamy white with dark pigmented spots (similar colouration in preserved specimens).Genitalia.  See Figs Copulation.Limax , but instead hang from a mucus spot or mucus 'sail'.Mating behaviour is important for species distinction in Limax . Like L.DNA barcode.The COI barcode of the holotype specimen (BOLD registration code TXEX041-19) is given below. Due to the low quality, we trimmed the 5' and 3' ends by 33 and 50 nucleotides, respectively. However, full DNA barcodes are available in BOLD for the paratypes.5'TATAGTAGGAACAGGTTTATCTTTATTAATTCGGTTAGAGTTGGGAACAGCGGGCGTTTTAATAGATGATCACTTTT TTAATGTGATTGTAACTGCTCATGCATTTGTTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCAATTATGATTGGAGGTTTTGGTAATT GAATGGTTCCACTATTAATTGGAGCTCCCGATATAAGATTTCCTCGAATAAACAATATAAGGTTTTGATTATTACCACCT TCTTTTATTTTACTTATTTGTTCTAGTATGGTAGAGGGTGGTGCAGGTACAGGGTGAACTGTATATCCACCTTTAAGGG GACCTTTAGGTCATGGGGGAGCTTCTGTAGATTTAGCTATTTTTTCATTGCATTTAGCTGGGATGTCTTCTATTTTAGG GGCTATTAATTTTATTACAACTATTTTTAACATACGAACGTCAGGGATAACTATAGAACGTGTGAGGTTATTTGTTTGG TCTATTTTAGTAACTGTTTTTCTACTTTTGTTATCTCTTCCTGTATTAGCAGGGGCAATTACTATACTTTTAACAGATCG TAATTTTAATACTAGGT3'L.pseudocinereoniger is very similar to L.cinereoniger, also in its variability in colour and colour pattern. Based on our own observations, as well as those in L.cinereoniger, but otherwise no consistent external distinguishing marks could be discovered. Besides the nearly 10% differentiation in COI-sequence, a few subtle marks of distinction between the two taxa were found in the genitalia. We have listed these below, with indications on whether the distinguishing characters may be generally or only locally applicable.In external appearance  the one-sided bulge of thickened penis wall of L.cinereoniger specimens that we studied, it is absent or very inconspicuous. However, L.cinereoniger from other localities in which the longitudinal interior penial cord is as well-developed as in L.pseudocinereoniger. It may, therefore, well be a distinction that only applies to the Montenegrin region of sympatry.(ii) the short longitudinal interior penial cord is distinct, whereas in the sympatric Montenegrin L.pseudocinereoniger is highest in its proximal half, whereas in the sympatric Montenegrin L.cinereoniger, it is highest in its distal half. We cannot observe this character in the dissections published by L.cinereoniger range, so it may well be a distinction that only applies to the Montenegrin region of sympatry.(iii) the longitudinal interior penial crest in pseudocinereoniger refers to its similarity with L.cinereoniger. This name was first applied as a \"working name\" by The specific epithet Limaxpseudocinereoniger Schilthuizen et al., 2022, provided the full citation of this publication appears in the bibliography or elsewhere in the referring work.The taxonomic authority for this species is attributed to all authors of this publication. In line with ICZN Recommendation 51C , the speL.cinereoniger or L.cf.cinereoniger , as well as two specimens from the Tara Canyon (TxExDU0040) in Durmitor National Park, indeed form a relatively cohesive molecular clade which appears to represent a single species, L.cinereoniger. All specimens from Bulgaria and Montenegro identified in pseudocinereonigerL. '', together with five specimens collected in Durmitor National Park and in the Prokletije Mountains in Montenegro  form a different, genetically uniform clade with a genetic distance of ca. 10% from L.cinereoniger. Since this degree of divergence is similar to the differentiation seen amongst other species in Limax .Our phylogenetic analysis Fig.  reveals stetteri  and sincL.cinereonigervar.schulzei Gerhardt, 1941, from the Rila Mountain Range in Bulgaria should be considered a species inquirenda. This taxon, which Gerhardt considered to differ in colouration , anatomy (shorter caecum) and mating behaviour (copulation shorter and earlier in the day) was synonymised with L.cinereonigers. str. by schulzei has not been in use since. The type specimens must be considered lost . However, given the description and the type locality, it is conceivable that the material used by Gerhardt to describe his var. schulzei is conspecific with L.pseudocinereoniger.L.pseudocinereoniger differs from Clades 26, 27 and 28 , brighter colour between the body's external wrinkles (uniform dark grey in L.pseudocinereoniger) and a short, inconspicuous keel .Clade 26 has a penis that is 1.2 times as long as the body length (0.8 times in L.pseudocinereoniger), a penis that is nearly straight (coiled and folded in L.pseudocinereoniger), a completely pale sole (outer fields dark grey in L.pseudocinereoniger) and a short, inconspicuous keel .Clade 27 has a penis that is 0.5 times as long as the body length  and a short, inconspicuous keel .Clade 28 has a mantle colour pattern consisting of some black dots and many white dots and a body pattern of two longitudinal rows of black dots, whereas L.pseudocinereoniger appears to occur sympatrically with L.cinereoniger: the locations TxExDU0040 (L.cinereoniger) and TxExDU0041 (L.pseudocinereoniger), both in the bottom of the Tara Canyon, are located less than 7 km apart.At least in the part of Montenegro that we studied,"}
{"text": "Rhodotritoma Arrow, 1925  includes 12 known species worldwide, including three species distributed in China. In the last four decades, no work was conducted on Rhodotritoma in China. In this paper, we review the taxonomy of this genus for Chinese fauna and redescribe a newly-recorded species in China.The genus Rhodotritomamanipurica Arrow, 1925 is recorded from China for the first time. The morphological characters of the adult are redescribed in detail and illustrated. A key to species of the genus Rhodotritoma Arrow, 1925 in China is provided. Chinese specimens were collected from Tibet Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province, which were then deposited in the Museum of Hebei University. The holotype examined is kept in the Natural History Museum. Rhodotritoma was described by Triplaxcoccinea Crotch, 1876, a species distributed in China, India and Burma ; R.cocc6 (China  and Fuji6 (China ) and R.a (Taiwan ).Rhodotritomamanipurica Arrow, 1925 from Tibet and Yunnan was found. Before this study, the species was known only from Assam, India  solution (5%) for five minutes and then cleaned with distilled water. Morphological characters were observed and illustrated with a Nikon SMZ800N stereomicroscope and modified with Adobe Photoshop CS6.0. Habitus photographs were taken with an Olympus E-M5\u2161 camera. The species has sexual dimorphism. Males can be distinguished by the inner odontoid processes of the pro- and mesofemora. Two males and two females were dissected. Morphological terminology for external structures follows Lawrence .We examined the holotype specimen deposited in the Natural History Museum (NHML) and compared the specimens from China with the holotype in morphological characteristics.Arrow, 1925F8337C98-F40A-5B59-AC83-7DF5C68F3FB7RhodotritomaTriplaxcoccinea Crotch, 1876. Arrow, 1925 - Parts of the following characters combined the features from Body oval, dorsally convex in lateral view. Head with a pair of stridulatory files on occipital region, both sides with ridge processes, anterior part of frons shallowly impressed at each side. Clypeus with anterior border feebly emarginate. Antennae slender, antennomere \u2161 short, antennomere \u2162 more than twice as long as wide, antennomeres \u2165-\u2167 slender, antennal club composed of last three antennomeres loosely articulated. Eyes small, finely faceted, interocular distance wide. Terminal maxillary palpomere more than three times as wide as long. Ligula narrow, the middle of front margin slightly emarginated. Labial palpus short, with the terminal palpomere semi-circular. Mentum slightly longer than width. Anterior margin of pronotum with translucent membranous areas, lateral and basal margins with narrow and complete marginal border. Well-marked punctations on anterior and posterior angles. Prosternum flat, narrowed between procoxal cavities, then broadening behind the coxa. Metaventrite process narrow. All the coxal lines absent.Compared to female, male has longer antennae, stronger legs and wider tarsi. In some species, inner edge of the male femur has two small rows of nodules or odontoid processes.Arrow, 1925AF4A8730-1443-5E1C-A6DF-773A2CBAD281Rhodotritomamanipurica Arrow, 1925 - Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: W. Doherty; individualCount: 1; Location: country: India; verbatimLocality: Assam, Manipur; Identification: identifiedBy: G.J. Arrow; Record Level: institutionCode: NHMLType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Liang Tang; individualCount: 10; sex: 8 males, 2 females; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Tibet Autonomous Region; county: Milin County [\u7c73\u6797\u53bf]; verbatimCoordinates: 29.2184\u00b0N, 94.1849\u00b0E; Event: year: 2005; month: 8Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Xiujuan Yang; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 female; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Lushui County, Pianma Town [\u6cf8\u6c34\u53bf\uff0c\u7247\u9a6c\u9547]; verbatimCoordinates: 26.0078\u00b0N, 98.6146\u00b0E; Event: year: 2004; month: 5Body elongate-oval, convex dorsally, smooth and shining. General colour orange-yellow, the front edge of clypeus, legs and antenna black Fig. . Head Fa small, Pronotum Fig. f nearly Prosternum Fig. g with teLegs Fig. i slenderMale genitalia Fig. j with meBody length: 4.5-6.0 mm; width: 2.0-4.0 mm.China ; India (Assam)."}
{"text": "Translational Psychiatry 10.1038/s41398-022-02267-4, published online 06 December 2022Correction to: The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in an author name. Rudulovic, J. should be Radulovic, J. The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "NORTH AMERICA28\u201029 January 2023International Conference on Wearable Biomedical Sensors and Devices (ICWBSD)New York, USAwww.waset.org26\u201030 April 2023Symposium on Advanced Wound Care (SAWC) Spring 2023National Harbour, MD, USAEUROPE21\u201022 January 2023International Conference on Advances in Wound Healing Systems (ICAWHS)Amsterdam, Netherlandswww.waset.org/conferences-in-january-2023-in-amsterdam/program23\u201024 January 202310th International Congress on Infectious DiseasesBarcelona, Spainwww.conferenceseries.com/infectious-diseases-meetings2\u20103 February 2023Norwegian Wound Care SocietyOslo, Norwaywww.nifs-saar.no/oslo-2023April 18, 2023WCS Wound Congress 2023Utrecht, The Netherlandswww.wcs.nl/congres/wcs-wondcongres-2023INTERNATIONAL11\u201012 January 2023International Conference on Wound Care and Wound Management (ICWCWM)Singapore, Singaporehttps://waset.org23\u201024 February 2023th World Congress on Wound Healing and Critical Care7Dubai, United Arab Emirateswww.aast.org25\u201026 March 2023International Conference on Wound Healing Systems and Technologies (ICWHST)Tokyo, Japanwww.waset.org"}
{"text": "Correction to: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging10.1007/s00259-021-05513-xThe author regret that the author names for reference 27 of the original article are incorrectly formatted. The correct format appears below:C Nioche, F Orlhac, S Boughdad, S Reuz\u00e9, J Goya-Outi, C Robert, C Pellot-Barakat, M Soussan, F Frouin, and I Buvat. LIFEx: a freeware for radiomic feature calculation in multimodality imaging to accelerate advances in the characterization of tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Research 2018; 78(16):4786\u20134789."}
{"text": "Sweltsa is a genus of green stoneflies in the family Chloroperlidae and is distributed throughout the Nearctic and East Palaearctic Regions. As they are sensitive to pollutants, they are often used as an indicator species for determining the quality of water bodies. There are around 57 species of this genus worldwide and 11 of those have been identified from China.Alloperlini genus Sweltsa Ricker, 1943, Sweltsaligula Rehman, Huo & Du sp. n. is described from Kuankuoshui National Natural Reserve, Suiyang County, Guizhou Province, southwest China. This is the first report of the family Chloroperlidae from Guizhou Province. Diagnosis, description of male, female and nymph, illustration of terminalia and similarities with closely-related species are provided and discussed.A new species of the  Chloroperlidae Okamoto, 1912, a member of the superfamily Perloidea, contains only two subfamilies: Chloroperlinae Okamoto, 1912 and Paraperlinae Ricker, 1943. In China, six genera of Chloroperlidae are presently recorded: Alloperla Banks, 1906, Alaskaperla Stewart & DeWalt 1991, Haploperla Nav\u00e1s, 1934, Suwallia Ricker, 1943, Utaperla Ricker, 1952 and Sweltsa Ricker, 1943 , Jiangsu Province, China. The morphological terminology of Rehman, Huo & Dusp. n.0EE14131-FF03-5450-94FB-1794D6F08C6A95A4A52C-B1A5-44A7-BB3C-3D98BEC3BA07Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Du Yu-Zhou, Huo Qing-Bo; Yuan Jia-wen; individualID: Insect collection of Yangzhou University (ICYZU), Jiangsu Province, China; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 males; lifeStage: Adult; Taxon: scientificName: Sweltsaligula; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Plecoptera; family: Chloroperlidae; genus: Sweltsa; specificEpithet: ligula; taxonRank: Species; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Suiyang County; locality: Kuankuoshui National Natural Reserve; verbatimElevation: 1435; verbatimLatitude: 28\u00b013.205\u2032N; verbatimLongitude: 107\u00b09.95\u2032E,; Identification: identifiedBy: Rehman, Huo, Du; Event: year: 2019; month: 5; day: 5; Record Level: language: en; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen.Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Du Yu-Zhou, Huo Qing-Bo; Yuan Jia-wen; individualID: Insect collection of Yangzhou University (ICYZU), Jiangsu Province, China; individualCount: 7; sex: 1 males, 2 femles; lifeStage: 3 adults, 4 nymphs; Taxon: scientificName: Sweltsaligula; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Plecoptera; family: Chloroperlidae; genus: Sweltsa; specificEpithet: ligula; taxonRank: Species; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Suiyang County; locality: Kuankuoshui National Natural Reserve; verbatimElevation: 1435; verbatimLatitude: 28\u00b013.205\u2032N; verbatimLongitude: 107\u00b09.95\u2032E,; Identification: identifiedBy: Rehman, Huo, Du; Event: year: 2019; month: 5; day: 5; Record Level: language: en; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen.Adult habitus. Triocellate. General colour greenish in the field, but becoming pale brown in ethanol. The head is also black in the field, but changes to brown in ethanol. Head with rounded pale yellow spot between compound eye and lateral ocellus, frons dark brown from epicranial suture to clypeus and with broad pale areas along lateral margins adjacent to antennal bases. Compound eyes dark greyish, ocelli greyish, anterior ocellus paler with dark black margins; antennae and palpi pale. The pronotum disc is completely brown, bearing symmetrical rugosities, margin dark brown ; forewing length 7.0\u20137.5 mm, hind-wing length 6.2\u20136.8 mm. Tergum 9 sclerotised, posteriorly strongly sclerotised bearing long brown hairs, dorsally without any ridge and stripe. Tergum 10 divided medially; the medial portion enlarged, forming a shield-like structure with a dark brown basal anchor ; forewing length 8.0\u20138.5 mm, hind-wing length 7.0\u20137.5 mm. Habitus is generally similar to the male. Head and pronotum are darker than the males. Abdominal tergum 1\u20134 dorsally with median stripe of brown trapezoidal spots and terga 5\u20137 with median stripe of oval shape Fig. B. SternuUnknownHabitus Fig. A\u2013B. BodyThis new species is characterised by the dark pigmentation of the head, pronotum and the shape of epiproct. Tergum 9 is sclerotised without any ridge and stripe. Epiproct is long and spoon-shaped, apically rounded in dorsal view; in lateral aspect, the epiproct is thin and parallel for its most part, apically wide and slightly curved at the apex.ligula\u201d means spoon shape.The name of the new species refers to the shape of the epiproct that is spoon-shaped. The Latin \u201cChina (Guizhou Province).Sweltsacolorata Zhiltzova & Levanidova, 1978 in S.colorata by the head, pronotum pigmentation and the shape of the epiproct. The head and pronotum disc of the new species are highly sclerotised and darker than S.colorata . The adults often emerged under the wide rocks (Fig. The new species is very similar to iew Fig. A\u2013B, whil"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-60612-3, published online 26 February 2020Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 39, which was incorrectly given as:Handbook of integrative clinical psychology, psychiatry, and behavioral medicine: perspectives, practices, and research. (2010).Carlstedt, R. A. The correct reference is listed below:Handbook of integrative clinical psychology, psychiatry, and behavioral medicine: perspectives, practices, and research. Chapter 5 title: Behavioral Genetics by Vinkhuyzen AE, van der Sluis S, Posthuma D pp 81-82 (2010).Carlstedt, R. A. The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-023-28478-3, published online 30 January 2023Correction to: The original version of this Article contained errors. The title of this paper\u201cAssessment of therapeutic role of mesenchymal stromal cells in mouse models of graft-versus-host disease using cryo-imaging\u201dnow reads:\u201cAssessment of the therapeutic role of mesenchymal stromal cells in a mouse model of graft-versus-host disease using cryo-imaging\u201dIn addition, References 40, 41, 46 and 49 contained errors, where the titles and the DOI of the respective works were omitted.The correct references are listed below:Reference 40:Proceedings of the 2020 4th International Conference on Vision, Image and Signal Processing (ICVISP),Article 6, 1\u20137.\u00a0https://doi.org/10.1145/3448823.3448834 (2020).Ketson, P. & Wuttisarnwattana, P. White Pulp Segmentation Algorithm for Mouse Spleen Cryo-imaging Data Using U-Net. Reference 41:Proceedings of the 2016 13th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTICon.2016.7561436 (2016).Wuttisarnwattana, P. Automatic whole mouse segmentation for cryo-imaging data using DRLSE model. Reference 46:Proceedings of the 2021 18th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON), 650-653. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECTI-CON51831.2021.9454766 (2021).Chatboonward, T. & Wuttisarnwattana, P.\u00a0Biliary Tract Autofluorescence Cleaning for Liver Cryo-imaging Data. Reference 49:Proceedings of the 2014 SPIE Medical Imaging: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging (SPIE MI),9038, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2042960 (2014).Wuttisarnwattana, P., Raza, S., Eid, S., Cooke, K. & Wilson, D. Novel T Lymphocyte Proliferation Assessment Using Whole Mouse Cryo-Imaging. The original Article and accompanying Supplementary Information 1 file have been corrected."}
{"text": "Appropriate antifungal treatment is crucial for managing IFI. We evaluated the 1,226 moulds causing IFI  were consecutively collected (1/patient) in 43 worldwide hospitals from 2017-2021 and susceptibility tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CLSI interpretation criteria were applied. Pneumonia was the predominant infection type among ICU (81.6%) and non-ICU (71.8%) patients.Aspergillus spp. was the most common mould (87.6%/80.5%). A. fumigatus , A. section Flavi , and A. section Nigri  were the top 3 Aspergillus groups. ISC inhibited 94.2%/91.2%, 100.0%/98.6%, and 96.0%/96.7% of AFM, ASF, and ASN from ICU/non-ICU, respectively, at the epidemiological cut-off values. Similar activities were noted for ISC, PSC, ITC, and VRC against AFM from ICU  and non-ICU  isolates. No difference in the azole activities was noted against ASF from ICU  and non-ICU  or ASN from ICU  and non-ICU  isolates. VRC-non-susceptible (NS) AFM isolates were detected in 9.3% of ICU and 9.0% of non-ICU isolates. Among VRC-NS AFM from ICU/non-ICU, 58.3%/27.5% were wildtype (WT) to ISC, 50.0%/25.0% were ITC-WT, and 75.0%/50.0% remained VRC-WT, respectively. VRC was the most active azole against Scedosporium spp. (SCE) but was less active against Mucorales (MUC) than the other azoles. All azoles showed limited activity against Fusarium spp. (FUS). No difference on azole activities against SCE, MUC, and FUS were noted from ICU and non-ICU isolates.Aspergillus isolates from ICU and non-ICU, including against VRC-NS AFM from ICU. Azoles displayed similar activity against moulds from ICU and non-ICU units.ISC was active against Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Paul Rhomberg, BS, MT(ASCP), Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Paul Rhomberg, BS, MT(ASCP), Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Beth A. Schaefer, BA, MT(ASCP), Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Michael A. Pfaller, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Article title: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-((4-sulfamoylphenyl)amino)-pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as CDK inhibitors Authors: Bo Yang, Yanni Quan, Wu-li Zhao, Yingjie Ji, Xiaotang Yang, Jianrui Li, Yi Li, Xiujun Liu, Ying Wang, Yanping Li Journal:Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal ChemistryBibliometrics: Volume 38, Number 1 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2023.21692822 group for compound 2g in The authors would like to point out that the wrong version of"}
{"text": "In \u201cCulturally Safe eHealth Interventions With Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Protocol for a Best Practice Framework\u201d :e34904), the authors noted one error.In the originally published article, Reference 23 incorrectly appeared as follows:Mitchell-Box K, Braun KL. Fathers' thoughts on breastfeeding and implications for a theory-based intervention. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2012 Nov;41(6):E41-E50. [doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01399.x] [Medline: 22861175]In the corrected version, the correct Reference  has beenCouch D, Doherty Z, Panozzo L, Naren T, Burzacott J, Ward B, et al. The impact of telehealth on patient attendance and revenue within an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation during COVID-19. Australian Journal for General Practitioners 2021 Nov;50(11):851-855. [doi: 10.31128/AJGP-07-21-6060] [Medline: 34713288]The correction will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR Publications website on October 14, 2022, together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed, PubMed Central, and other full-text repositories, the corrected article has also been resubmitted to those repositories."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-022-08708-w, published online 16 March 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 6, which was incorrectly given aset al. Sedation management during therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy: Atropine premedication for endotracheal intubation causes a prolonged increase in heart rate. Resuscitation85, 1394\u20131398 (2014).Gill, H. The correct reference is listed below:World J Gastroenterol.15, 5838\u20135842 (2009).Park, S. J., Choi, S. I., Lee, S. H., & Lee, K. Y. Image-guided conservative management of right colonic diverticulitis. Additionally, the Funding section was omitted. The Funding section now reads:\u201cFinancial or grant support: The Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 110-2511-H-002-009-MY2).\u201dThe original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Anti-S Ab response (conferred by infection and/or vaccination) is more closely associated with protection. We evaluated anti-N/S Ab responses in vaccinated . Baseline, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months, and delivery samples were tested for anti-N (index \u2265 1.4 positive) and anti-S (\u2265 50 AU/mL positive) IgG Ab by Abbott Architect. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to measure Ab response duration.Among 78 participants, 62 (79%) enrolled in pregnancy (median 27 weeks gestation), and 16 (21%) at delivery/postpartum (median 2 weeks); 34 (44%) had received \u22651 vaccine prior to initial Ab testing. At baseline, 59 (75%) participants had concordant anti-N/S positive results . Anti-S IgG was higher  among participants receiving \u22651 vaccine vs no vaccine, while anti-N IgG indices were similar.Among 59 participants with initial anti-N IgG+ results, median time to anti-N IgG negative results was 31 weeks after first RT-PCR+ (median 17 weeks after first anti-N IgG+ result). Only 1 (unvaccinated) participant had an anti-S IgG negative result by 22 weeks after first RT-PCR+ result.Among 30 participants with delivery samples , 15 (52%) remained anti-N IgG+; 29 (97%) remained anti-S IgG+. Anti-S IgG was higher  among participants receiving \u2265 1 vaccine vs. no vaccine prior to delivery.Among pregnant persons with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, duration of anti-S IgG response was longer than anti-N IgG irrespective of vaccine status; vaccination during pregnancy was associated with higher anti-S levels at baseline and delivery. While anti-S IgG were detectable for \u2265 6 months, longer term follow-up is needed to assess durability of hybrid immunity vs. infection alone and has implications for maternal and infant protection.Sylvia M. LaCourse, MD, MPH, Aurum Institute: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support Alexander L. Greninger, MD, PhD, Abbott: Contract Testing|Cepheid: Contract Testing|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Contract Testing|Hologic: Contract Testing|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Contract Testing|Pfizer: Contract Testing Alisa B. Kachikis, MD, MSc, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Alison L. Drake, PhD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Conidiobolus group belong to the family Ancylistaceae  and include over 70 predominantly saprotrophic species in four similar and closely related genera, that were separated phylogenetically recently. Entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Batkoa are very close morphologically to the Conidiobolus species. Their thalli share similar morphology, and they produce ballistic conidia like closely related entomopathogenic Entomophthoraceae. Ballistic conidia are traditionally considered as an efficient tool in the pathogenic process and an important adaptation to the parasitic lifestyle. Our study aims to reconstruct the phylogeny of this fungal group using molecular and genomic data, ancestral lifestyle and morphological features of the conidiobolus-like group and the direction of their evolution. Based on phylogenetic analysis, some species previously in the family Conidiobolaceae are placed in the new families Capillidiaceae and Neoconidiobolaceae, which each include one genus, and the Conidiobolaceae now includes three genera. Intermediate between the conidiobolus-like groups and Entomophthoraceae, species in the distinct Batkoa clade now belong in the family Batkoaceae. Parasitism evolved several times in the Conidiobolus group and Ancestral State Reconstruction suggests that the evolution of ballistic conidia preceded the evolution of the parasitic lifestyle.Fungi of the  Batkoa major .Type species:Batkoa apiculata (Thaxter) Humber, Mycotaxon 34 (2): 446 (1989), [MB 135576].Entomophthora apiculata (Thaxt.) M.A. Gust., Kungliga Landbruks-H\u00f6ngskolans Annaler 31: 131 (1965) [MB 330591].=Conidiobolus apiculatus (Thaxt.) Remaud. & S. Keller Mycotaxon 11 (1): 330 (1980) [MB 118560].=Description: Mycelia of hyaline, septate, branching hyphae. Hyphal bodies hypha- or ameboid-like, subglobose to elongate, multinucleate, nuclei staining with aceto-orcein. Primary conidiophores simple, positively phototropic, bearing a single apical primary conidium. Primary conidia forcibly discharged, single-celled, multinucleate, globose, with prominent conical papilla. Replicative conidia similar and smaller than primary conidia. Chlamydospores globose, hyaline. Zygospores globose, hyaline or yellowish. Rhizoids present or absent. Obligate pathogens of insects.Notes: Members of the Batkoaceae are entomopathogenic, infecting insects from various orders, ballistospore-forming fungi with a broad global distribution. Their cultures are easily to isolate on simple culture media. Accepted species:Batkoa amrascae S. Keller & Villac., Philippine Entomologist 11 (1): 81 (1997) [MB 313160].Batkoa apiculata (Thaxt.) Humber, Mycotaxon 34 (2): 446 (1989) [MB 135576].Batkoa cercopidis (S. Keller) B. Huang, Humber & K.T. Hodge, Mycotaxon 100: 231 (2007) [MB 510686].Batkoa dysderci (Viegas) Humber, Mycotaxon 34 (2): 446 (1989) [MB 135577].Batkoa gigantea (S. Keller) Humber, ibid. [MB 135578].Batkoa hydrophila S. Keller, Sydowia 59 (1): 77 (2007) [MB 529508].Batkoa limoniae (S. Keller) S. Keller, Nova Hedwigia 73 (1\u20132): 171 (2001) [MB 484564]Batkoa major (Thaxter) Humber, Mycotaxon 34 (2): 446 (1989) [MB 135579].Batkoa obscura  Gryganskyi, comb. nov. [MB 844349].Basionym: Entomophthora obscura I.M. Hall & P.H. Dunn, Hilgardia 27: 162 (1957) [MB 297265] = Conidiobolus obscurus  Remaud.; S. Keller, Mycotaxon 11 (1): 331 (1980) [MB 118567].Batkoa papillata (Thaxter) Humber, Mycotaxon 34 (2): 446 (1989) [MB 135580].Batkoa pseudapiculata (S. Keller) B. Huang, Humber & K.T. Hodge, Mycotaxon 100: 231 (2007) [MB 510687].Type genus: Capillidium B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 66: 62 (2020)  = Conidiobolus heterosporus Drechsler, Am. J. Botany 40: 107 (1953) [MB 295472]Description: Mycelia hyaline. Primary conidiophores simple, bearing single primary conidia. Primary conidia forcibly discharged, multinucleate, hyaline, globose, pyriform to obovoid. Two kinds of replicative conidia, the first similar and smaller than primary conidia, the second (capilliconidia) arise singly, off-axis at the top of slender, elongate conidiophores, and are not forcibly discharged. Zygospores present or absent, formed in axial alignment with conjugating segments, globose to subglobose, often smooth, sometimes rough, hyaline or yellowish.Accepted species:Capillidium adiaeretum (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 66: 61 (2020) [MB 831602]Capillidium bangalorense (Sriniv. & Thirum.) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831607]Capillidium denaeosporum (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831608]Capillidium heterosporum (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831601]Capillidium jiangsuense B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 89: 146 (2022) [MB 842228]Capillidium lobatum (Sriniv. & Thirum.) B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 66: 62 (2020) [MB 831609]Capillidium macrocapilliconidium B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 89: 143 (2022) [MB 842227]Capillidium pumilum (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 66: 61 (2020) [MB 831610]Capillidium rhysosporum (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831611] Capillidium rugosum (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 842229].Type genus: Conidiobolus Bref., Untersuchungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Mykologie 4: 35 (1884) Description: Mycelium of hyaline, septate, branching hyphae. Hyphae multinucleate, with small nuclei that do not stain with aceto-orcein. Simple hyphal conidiogenous cells each develop one apical conidium, a ballistospore that is forcibly discharged by rapid circumcissile rupture and papillar eversion. Detached conidia are hyaline, single-celled, more or less globose, with an everted blunt conical papilla where they were once attached to the conidiophore. Sexual zygospores, present or absent, formed in axial alignment with conjugating segments, globose to subglobose.Notes: Members of the Conidiobolaceae are saprobic, ballistospore-forming fungi with a broad global distribution. They grow readily on simple culture media, typically as white to cream colonies, often forming satellite colonies derived from the asexual ballistospores. The primary ballistospores may germinate in three ways: to form a smaller ballistospore of similar form as the parent spore, to form a passively dispersed capilliconidium atop a long, attenuated stalk, or they may form a hyphal germ tube. Some species are able to opportunistically infect humans and other animals.Conidiobolaceae B. Huang, Stajich & K.T. HodgeIncluded genera (3) and species:Azygosporus B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 85: 165 (2021) [MB 840849]Accepted species:Azygosporus macropappilatus B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 840848]Azygosporus parvus (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 840850]Conidiobolus sensu stricto according to B. Huang & Y. Nie 2020 [MB 20144]Accepted species:Conidiobolus coronatus (Costantin) Batko, Entomophaga 2: 129 (1964) [MB 283037]Conidiobolus bifurcatus B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 73: 137 (2021) [MB 831599]Conidiobolus brefeldianus Couch, American Journal of Botany 26: 119 (1939) [MB 258852]Conidiobolus dabieshanensis Y. Nie & B. Huang, Mycosphere 8 (7): 811 (2017) [MB 552756]Conidiobolus gonimodes Drechsler, Mycologia 53: 292 (1961) [MB 328751]Conidiobolus iuxtagenitus S.D. Waters & Callaghan, Mycological Research 93 (2): 223 (1989) [MB 135617]Conidiobolus khandalensis Sriniv. & Thirum., Mycologia 54 (6): 692 (1963) [MB 328754]Conidiobolus lichenicola Sriniv. & Thirum., Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 36: 344 (1968) [MB 328755]Conidiobolus lunulus D. Goffre, R.A. Humber & P.J. Folgarait, Mycologia: 131 (1): 56 (2020) [MB 834443] should be in this group by morphology.Conidiobolus macrosporus Sriniv. & Thirum., Mycologia 59: 702 (1967) [MB 328757]Conidiobolus mycophagus Sriniv. & Thirum., Sydowia 19 (1\u20136): 88 (1965) [MB 328759]Conidiobolus mycophilus Sriniv. & Thirum., ibid. [MB 328760]Conidiobolus polyspermus Drechsler, Mycologia 53: 279 (1961) [MB 328763]Conidiobolus polytocus Drechsler, American Journal of Botany 42: 793 (1955) [MB 295480]Conidiobolus taihushanensis B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 73: 140 (2021) [MB 835124]Conidiobolusutriculosus Bref., Untersuchungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Mykologie 4: 35 (1884) [MB 144259] HOLOTYPE SPECIESConidiobolus variabilis B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 73: 142 (2021) [MB 835125]C. chlamydosporus, C. firmipileus, C. humicolus, C. incongruous and C. megalotocus.Additional species to be considered: Microconidiobolus B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 66: 72 (2020) [MB 831597]Accepted species:Microconidiobolus nodosus (Sriniv. & Thirum.) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831624]Microconidiobolus paulus (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831605]Microconidiobolus terrestris (Sriniv. & Thirum.) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831625]Microconidiobolus undulatus.Additional species to be considered: Type genus: Neoconidiobolus B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 66: 70 (2020) [MB 831598]Type species:Neoconidiobolus thromboides (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 66: 70 (2020) [MB 831606] = Conidiobolus thromboides Drechsler, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 43: 38 (1953) [MB 295484]Description: Mycelia hyaline. Primary conidiophores are simple or sometimes branched, positively phototropic, bearing a single apical primary conidium. Primary conidia forcibly discharged, multinucleate, hyaline, globose, pyriform to obovoid. Replicative conidia similar and smaller than primary conidia. Chlamydospores globose, formed terminally on hyphae or from globose cells by thickening of the wall. Zygospores formed in axial alignment with two conjugating segments, globose to ellipsoidal, smooth, hyaline, rarely pale yellowish.Notes: Species of the family Neoconidiobolaceae resemble those of the Conidiobolaceae in lacking both microconidia and capilliconidia. All members in the clade of Neoconidiobolus share the following characteristics: forcibly discharged, hyaline, globose, pyriform to obovoid primary conidia. Two kinds of replicative conidia are produced: One is discharged, similar to and smaller than primary conidia; the other is elongate and forcibly discharged. Two types of resting spores are produced: zygospores and chlamydospores.Accepted species:Neoconidiobolus couchii (Sriniv. & Thirum.) B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 66: 73 (2020) [MB 831626]Neoconidiobolus kunyushanensis B. Huang & Y. Nie, Mycological Progress 20: 1233 (2021) [MB 831600]Neoconidiobolus lachnodes (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, MycoKeys 66: 73 (2020) [MB 831627]Neoconidiobolus mirabilis (Y. Nie & B. Huang) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831628]Neoconidiobolus osmodes (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831629]Neoconidiobolus pachyzygosporus (Y. Nie & B. Huang) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831630]Neoconidiobolus sinensis  B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831631]Neoconidiobolus stilbeus (Y. Nie & B. Huang) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831632]Neoconidiobolus stromoideus (Sriniv. & Thirum.) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831633]Neoconidiobolus thromboides (Drechsler) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831606]Neoconidiobolus vermicola (J.S. McCulloch) B. Huang & Y. Nie, ibid. [MB 831634]Azygosporus, Conidiobolus, Capillidium, Microconidiobolus and Neoconidiobolus. The ability to infect insects was developed in various groups and multiple times during the evolution of these fungi. Of the 18 species included in the Conidiobolaceae, C. macrosporus is host specific pathogen. Of the 11 species included in Neoconidiobolus, two are pathogens with broader host ranges (Neoconidiobolus osmodes and Neoconidiobolus thromboides). None of the species included in Capillidiaceae (three Microconidiobolus and six Capillidium) are pathogens. Also, ancestors of the entomophthoralean fungi became entomopathogenic and didn\u2019t lose this ability further on; all extant members of this group (families Batkoaceae and Entomophthoraceae) are entomopathogenic (The ancestors of entomophthoralean fungi were with high probability saprotrophic, as with most of their extant basal lineages thogenic . A similar evolutionary trajectory was reconstructed for another character\u2014ballistic conidia. This character evolved very early in Entomophthoromycotina, in the ancestors with saprotrophic lifestyles, possibly as an adaptation for spore dissemination , and thiPhylogenetic reconstruction suggests polyphyletic origins of conidiobolus-like fungi, and not a single origin. The polyphyletic origin of this composite fungal group was already suggested by our previous works ,22,23,24Conidiobolus and Microconidiobolus were grouped together, while on our tree they are located separately. Therefore, we haven\u2019t assigned a corresponding unique taxonomic level to Microconidiobolus that is higher than genus, as we do not yet have genomic or transcriptomic data. Species of Microconidiobolus differ morphologically in producing microconidia and this is not characteristic of other members of the Conidiobolaceae. Taxonomic level needs more taxa and more genomes involved for phylogenetic reconstruction.There are some differences in the placement of certain groups and taxa. In the study of Nie et al. , the genMassospora and two species of Entomophthora together in one clade is caused by the lack of the genes for both Entomophthora species. Their missing data might cause some interference with better gene sampling for Massospora. In any case, Massospora is next to Entomophthora, as in most previous phylogenetic reconstructions. Also, there are some discrepancies inside the family Entomophthoraceae. The issue with having Neoconidiobolus thromboides appears in our phylogenetic reconstruction not as a single clade. This might be an indication that this taxon represents a species complex or group of species, and reflects the diversity of this fungal group, which is similar to another complex species, Conidiobolus coronatus. The resolution of these two species complexes possibly containing several cryptic species needs better genome sampling. The presence of Neoconidiobolus heterosporus inside it can provide a hint. In any case, the spore sizes and especially hosts and substrates of Neoconidiobolus thromboides are definitely worth studying in more detail with support from genome references.Azygosporus, Capillidium, Micro-, Neo- and Conidiobolus isolates. Only a few species of Entomophthoraceae grow well under laboratory conditions in pure culture, mostly requiring special nutritive media, and the majority of species in this fungal lineage are not yet culturable [Conidiobolus group range from 25 to 90 Mb and this is rather more typical for the saprotrophs and insect symbionts in terrestrial fungal lineages [The division of Entomophthoromycotina reflects the gradual evolutionary switch from saprotrophy to the parasitic lifestyle, with multiple origins. While all Entomophthoraceae are insect pathogens, conidiobolus-like fungi occupy more diverse ecological niches. They developed the adaptation of infecting insects several times during their evolution. The family Batkoaceae presents intermediate placement between these two groups. While all known species in the Batkoaceae are insect pathogens, they are easy to culture on artificial nutrient media like lturable . TypicalSimilarly to the parasitism of insects, parasitism of other groups of living organisms like lichens, nematodes, and mushrooms developed independently several times in different branches among saprotrophic conidiobolus-like fungi over their evolutionary trajectories. Ancestral state reconstruction for lifestyle and ballistic conidia appearance suggests that these two features coexisted for a long-time during evolution, and ballistic conidia were present in the early ancestors of the whole group already, before pathogenic lifestyles were adopted. Ballistic conidiospores were already present at the very beginning of Entomophthorales evolution in saprotrophic lineages. Although ballistic conidia were described as a hallmark of entomopathogens, they could not be an adaptation to the parasitic lifestyle, namely an adaptation to infect insects. However, the ability of these fungi to eject spores for significant distances, possibly along with light sensing mechanisms, and involving attachment to the substrate due to conidiophore content , essentiOur study aims to add some structure to the very unclear taxonomic positioning of conidiobolus-like fungi. Despite many morphological similarities, they have polyphyletic origins and occupy various econiches ranging from saprotrophy to entomopathogenicity. We hope that our study will help the researchers of this fungal group to assess relatedness between these families and with the entomopathogenic Entomophthoraceae, and also predict the ecological niches of new species of these families, as further discoveries continue."}
{"text": "Correction: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases (2022) 17:443https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-022-02488-2Following publication of the original article , we haveDGS (Forward and Reverse)Also, reference 40 should be as follows:40. Quinn J, Georgiadis A, Lewis HB, Jurecki E. Measuring burden of illness in phenylketonuria (PKU): development of the PKU symptom severity and impacts scale as a robust patient-reported outcome. Adv Ther. 2022;39:971\u201391."}
{"text": "Simuliidae from India is presented. A total of 79 species of Simulium belonging to eight different subgenera are listed. Eleven species that were not reported in the previous checklist are added here. The present list contributes to a better understanding of the diversity of Simuliidae in India, as well as the impact of Simulium species on the public health of this mega-diverse country.An updated checklist of the family  Diptera, Nematocera, Simuliidae) are infamous as vectors for transmitting onchocerciasis (river blindness) in many countries throughout the world (Simuliidae was first published by Crosskey (1988) and has since been updated almost every year. The beginning of simuliid research was in the early 19th century when SimuliumLatreille, 1802. The family Simuliidae Newman, 1834 was established by Simulium. According to Simulium from India was probably by th century, the simuliid research was mainly undertaken by Datta  aureum Fries, 18241. Simulium (Eusimulium) weiningense Chen & Zhang, 19972. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) bucolicum Datta, 19753. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) darjeelingense Datta, 19734. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) fidum Datta, 19755. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) litoreum Datta, 19756. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) metatarsale Brunetti, 19117. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) pattoni Senior-White, 19228. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) sundaicum Edwards, 19349. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) tenuistylum Datta, 197310. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) unum Datta, 197511. 23\u00b014'28.7\"N, 87\u00b03'42.6\"E and 23\u00b019'57.1\"N, 86\u00b021'46.8\"E) in West Bengal, India. It was not included in In the revised inventory of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) agasthyamalaiense Vijayan, Anbalagan, Rekha, Dinakaran & Krishnan, 201912. 8\u00b055'4.1\"N, 77\u00b036'1.6\"E), India.This species was described by Simulium (Gomphostilbia) barnesi Takaoka & Suzuki, 198413. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) cauveryense Anbalagan, 201514. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) decuplum Takaoka & Davies, 199515. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) dinakarani Anbalagan, 202016. 10\u00b027'30.7\"N, 78\u00b001'15.7\"E), India.This species was described by Simulium (Gomphostilbia) kottoorense Anbalagan, 201517. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) krishnani Anbalagan, 202018. 14\u00b058'36\"N, 74\u00b046'40\"E), India, by This species was reported from Karnataka (Simulium (Gomphostilbia) kumbakkaraiense Anbalagan, 201919. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) panagudiense Anbalagan 201520. 10\u00b018'30.3\"N, 77\u00b053'35.8\"E), India.This species was recently described by Simulium (Gomphostilbia) parahiyangum Takaoka & Sigit, 199221. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) peteri Anbalagan, 201422. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) sachini Takaoka & Henry, 201023. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) takaokai Anbalagan, 201424. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) williei Takaoka & Thapa, 201025. Simulium (Montisimulium) dasguptai Datta, 197426. Simulium (Montisimulium) dattai Takaoka & Somboon, 200827. Simulium (Montisimulium) ghoomense Dutta, 197328. Simulium (Montisimulium) nemorivagum Datta, 197329. Simulium (Montisimulium) yuntaiense Chen, Wen & Wei, 200630. Simulium (Nevermannia) aureohirtum Brunetti, 191131. Simulium (Nevermannia) gracilis Datta, 197332. Simulium (Nevermannia) karavalliense Anbalagan, Rekha, Vijayan, Balachandran, Dinakaran & Krishnan, 202033. 11\u00b020'03.8\"N, 78\u00b019'19.6\"E), India and described by This species was reared from pupae collected in Tamil Nadu (Simulium (Nevermannia) praelargum Datta, 197334. Simulium (Nevermannia) purii Datta, 197335. Simulium (Nevermannia) rufithorax Brunetti, 191136. Simulium (Nevermannia) senile Brunetti, 191137. Simulium (Nevermannia) subratai Takaoka, Thapa & Henry, 201138. Simulium (Nevermannia) wichaii Takaoka, 201039. Simulium (Tetisimulium) stevensoni Edwards, 192740. Simulium  indicum Becher, 188541. Simulium (Simulium) alajense Rubtsov, 193842. Simulium (Simulium) asishi Datta, 198543. Simulium (Simulium) adventicium Datta, 198544. Simulium (Simulium) barraudi Puri, 193245. Simulium (Simulium) biforaminiferum Datta, 197446. Simulium (Simulium) consimile Puri, 193247. Simulium (Simulium) christophersi Puri, 193248. Simulium (Simulium) dentatum Puri, 193249. Simulium (Simulium) digitatum Puri, 193250. Simulium (Simulium) ephemerophilum Rubstov, 194751. Simulium (Simulium) gravelyi Puri, 193352. Simulium (Simulium) griseifrons Brunetti, 191153. Simulium (Simulium) grisescens Brunetti, 191154. Simulium (Simulium) gurneyae Senior-White, 192255. Simulium (Simulium) himalayense Puri, 193256. Simulium (Simulium) hirtipannus Puri, 193257. Simulium (Simulium) howletti Puri, 193258. Simulium (Simulium) kapuri Datta, 197559. Simulium (Simulium) lineothorax Puri, 193260. Simulium (Simulium) nigrifacies Datta, 197461. Simulium (Simulium) nilgiricum Puri, 193262. Simulium (Simulium) nitidithorax Puri, 193263. Simulium (Simulium) novolineatum Puri, 193364. Simulium (Simulium) nodosum Puri, 193365. Simulium (Simulium) pallidum Puri, 193266. Simulium (Simulium) palmatum Puri, 193267. Simulium (Simulium) palniense Puri, 193268. Simulium (Simulium) pradyai Takaoka & Somboon, 200869. Simulium (Simulium) pothigaiense Anbalagan, 201870. Simulium (Simulium) ramosum Puri, 193271. Simulium (Simulium) rashidi Lewis, 197372. Simulium (Simulium) rufibasis Brunetti, 191173. Simulium (Simulium) singtamense Datta & Pal, 197574. Simulium (Simulium) striatum Brunetti, 191275. Simulium (Simulium) tenuitarsus Puri, 193376. Simulium (Simulium) valparaiense Anbalagan, 201877. Simulium (Simulium) yanaense Anbalagan, 201978. 14\u00b031'19.2\"N, 74\u00b019'12\"E), India by This species was described from Karnataka (Simulium (Wilhelmia) pseudequinum S\u00e9guy, 192179."}
{"text": "Dalbavancin , a long-acting lipoglycopeptide approved by the US FDA and EMA for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) has potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens including MRSA. We describe the real-world use of dalba in patients with ABSSSI, bloodstream infections (BSI), bone and joint infection (BJI), or other infections (OI) from a retrospective registry study of dalba.Dalbavancin Utilization Registry Investigating Value and Effectiveness (DRIVE) was a phase 4 observational, multicenter, retrospective cohort study of the real-world use of dalba in adults geographically spread across the US. Patients were treated entirely at the physicians\u2019 discretion. Data were collected from 25 Mar 2017\u201327 Nov 2018 and included patient demographics, diagnosis, microbiology, antibiotic use, clinical outcome, and safety until 60 days after last dalba dose. A post hoc analysis applied definitions for clinical success and failure similar to the dalba phase 3 clinical trials.The Safety Population comprised 1168 patients treated at 31 healthcare sites. Of 957 evaluable patients, 815 (85.2%) had ABSSSI, 48 (5.0%) had BSI, 87 (9.0%) had BJI, and 7 (0.7%) had OI. Clinical success was achieved in 91.7%, 89.6%, 86.2%, and 100% of patients with ABSSSI, BSI, BJI, and OI, respectively . Median cumulative dose of dalba for the index infection was 1500 mg for all categories, most commonly as 1 infusion . 36.9% of patients with BSI and 58.6% with BJI received \u2265 2 infusions. Most patients were treated as outpatients . Mean (SD) total cost of care associated with dalba use  was 5261.2 (1604.55), 7710.5 (7144.1), 8393.5 (5296.8), and 6305.8 (3338.1) USD for patients with ABSSSI, BSI, BJI, and OI, respectively. Adverse events evaluated as possibly related to dalba were reported in 33/1168 (2.8%) patients: 29 (2.9%) with ABSSSI, and 4 (3.6%) with BJI.Dalba demonstrated high rates of clinical success and safety in the real-world setting when used to treat patients for suspected or confirmed Gram-positive infections.Bruce M. Jones, Pharm.D., FIDSA, BCPS, AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|AbbVie: Honoraria|La Jolla: Honoraria|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek: Honoraria|Regeneron: Honoraria Kerry O. Cleveland, MD, AbbVie: Honoraria|Cumberland: Honoraria|Merck: Honoraria|Pfizer: Honoraria Pedro L. Gonzalez, MD, MT, AbbVie: Employee of AbbVie at the time of study conduct and analysis.|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds|Becton Dickinson: Employee Urania Rappo, MD, AbbVie: Employee of Allergan, before its acquisition by AbbVie, at the time of study conduct and analysis|BiomX: Employee Todd Riccobene, PhD, AbbVie: Employee|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds Rosie D. Lyles, MD, MHA, MSc, AbbVie: AbbVie Employee|AbbVie: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Antiviral antibody responses to systemic administration of an oncolytic RNA virus: the impact of standard concomitant anticancer chemotherapies. J Immunother Cancer 2021;9:e002673. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002673Roulstone V, Mansfield D, Harris RJ, Victoria Roulstone and David Mansfield are now listed as joint first authors."}
{"text": "J Immunother Cancer 2021;9:e003594. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003594.Boughdad S, Latifyan S, Fenwick C, This article has been corrected since it was first published online. The acknowledgements have been removed, as consent was not provided."}
{"text": "Following publication of the original article , the autStatistical analysis subsection under the Methods section:Original: Adjusted HRs and RRs and corresponding 95% CIs between groups were also estimated including the treatment initiation group and covariates in the pre-index period .Corrected to: Adjusted HRs and RRs and corresponding 95% CIs between groups were also estimated including the treatment initiation group and covariates in the pre-index period .Table 1:Original: Number of patients in hospital owing to non-COPD exacerbations or acute respiratory failureCorrected to: Number of hospitalizations excluding hospitalization due to COPD exacerbation or acute respiratory failureFootnotes of Tables 2, 3, 4, and Additional file Original: Covariates in pre-index period include age, sex, number of comorbidities, use of systemic corticosteroids, use of antibiotics, and number of patients in hospital owing to non-COPD exacerbations or acute respiratory failureCorrected to: Covariates in pre-index period include age, sex, number of comorbidities, use of systemic corticosteroids, use of antibiotics, and number of hospitalizations excluding hospitalization due to COPD exacerbation or acute respiratory failureAdditional file Table 3 footnote:aCalculated by Cox proportional hazards modelOriginal: aCalculated by negative binomial modelCorrected to: Author contributions:The last sentence in the Author contributions section of the original article, \u201cAll authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u201d has been deleted as this text is already a part of the previous sentence.Reference 7:A period has been added before the journal name.Original: Paggiaro PL, Dahle R, Bakran I, Frith L, Hollingworth K, Efthimiou J. Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International COPD Study Group Lancet. 1998;351(9105):773\u201380.Corrected to: Paggiaro PL, Dahle R, Bakran I, Frith L, Hollingworth K, Efthimiou J. Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International COPD Study Group. Lancet. 1998;351(9105):773\u201380.Reference 9:\u201cet al\u201d has been added to the end of the author list.Original: Miravitlles M, Soler-Catalu\u00f1a JJ, Calle M, Molina J, Almagro P, Quintano JA, Spanish guidelines for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GesEPOC) 2017, et al. Pharmacological treatment of stable phase. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53(6):324\u201335.Corrected to: Miravitlles M, Soler-Catalu\u00f1a JJ, Calle M, Molina J, Almagro P, Quintano JA, et al. Spanish guidelines for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GesEPOC) 2017. Pharmacological treatment of stable phase. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53(6):324\u201335.Reference 12:\u201cet al\u201d has been added to the end of the author list.Original: Celli BR, Locantore N, Tal-Singer R, Riley J, Miller B, Vestbo J, et al; ECLIPSE Study Investigators. Emphysema and extrapulmonary tissue loss in COPD: a multi-organ loss of tissue phenotype. Eur Respir J. 2018;51(2):1702146.Corrected to: Celli BR, Locantore N, Tal-Singer R, Riley J, Miller B, Vestbo J, ECLIPSE Study Investigators, et al. Emphysema and extrapulmonary tissue loss in COPD: a multi-organ loss of tissue phenotype. Eur Respir J. 2018;51(2):1702146.Reference 22:\u201cprompt\u201d in the article title has been revised to title case as \u201cPrompt\u201dOriginal: Tkacz J, Evans KA, Touchette DR, Portillo E, Strange C, Staresinic A, et al. PRIMUS\u2014prompt Initiation of Maintenance Therapy in the US: a real-world analysis of clinical and economic outcomes among patients initiating triple therapy following a COPD exacerbation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:329\u201342.Corrected to: Tkacz J, Evans KA, Touchette DR, Portillo E, Strange C, Staresinic A, et al. PRIMUS\u2014Prompt Initiation of Maintenance Therapy in the US: a real-world analysis of clinical and economic outcomes among patients initiating triple therapy following a COPD exacerbation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:329\u201342.The original article has been corrected.Additional file 1: Table S1. ICD-10 codes. ICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Table S2. ATC classification codes. ATC, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting \u03b22-agonist; LAMA, longacting muscarinic antagonist; SABA, short-acting \u03b22-agonist; SAMA, shortacting muscarinic antagonist. Table S3. Proportion of delayed therapy patients who used long-/short-acting bronchodilators before exacerbation. Table S4. Hazard ratios for exacerbations in subgroups stratified by periods of grouping. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI, confidence interval. aCalculated by Cox proportional hazards model. Covariates in pre-index period include age, sex, number of comorbidities, use of systemic corticosteroids, use of antibiotics, and number of hospitalizations excluding hospitalization due to COPD exacerbation or acute respiratory failure."}
{"text": "Dermatosis in dialytic chronic kidney failure\u201d1,with DOI code number https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2021-0227, published in theBrazilian Journal of Nephrology, ahead of print, 2022:In the article \u201cWhere it was written:shronicusLichen simplex Should read:chronicusLichen simplex"}
{"text": "Translational Psychiatry 10.1038/s41398-021-01606-1, published online 15 September 2021Correction to: The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the references. Reference 12 should read as follows: Rutherford BR, Choi CJ, Choi J, Maas B, He X, O\u2019Boyle K, et al. Slowed processing speed disrupts patient expectancy in late life depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;29:619\u201330. The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Robinson de Jes\u00fas-Romero. The correct citation is: Howard J, de Jes\u00fas-Romero R, Peipert A, Riley T, Rutter LA, Lorenzo-Luaces L (2021) The significance of anxiety symptoms in predicting psychosocial functioning across borderline personality traits. PLoS ONE 16(1): e0245099. The publisher apologizes for the error."}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Psychiatry 15, 15 (2015).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0394-0Following publication of the original article , the aut6. Oldenburg, B., O\u02bcNeil, A., & Cocker, F. (2015). Public health perspectives on the co-occurrence of noncommunicable diseases and common mental disorders. In Comorbidity of mental and physical disorders . Karger Publishers.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Complement Med Ther 22, 263 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03746-3Following publication of the original article , the autIn the reference list, reference information below that was indicated in Table 4 has been added.Liu EH, Turner LM, Lin SX, Klaus L, Choi LY, Whitworth J, et al. Use of alternative medicine by patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;120:335\u201341.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Correction: Respiratory Research (2022) 23:300 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-022-02223-2Following publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect citation is: Viktoria Z, Stefanie D, Rosa BW, Cornelia LF, Wilfried P, Doris W.The correct citation is: Zaderer, V., Dichtl, S., Bellmann-Weiler, R., Lass-Fl\u00f6rl, C., Posch, W., Wilflingseder, D.The author group has been updated above and the original article  has been"}
{"text": "Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (TBP-PI-HBr) is an oral carbapenem with activity against Enterobacterales uropathogens, including drug resistant strains. The ADAPT-PO trial demonstrated the non-inferiority of oral TBP-PI-HBr vs. intravenous (IV) ertapenem (ERT) in treating patients with cUTI and/or acute pyelonephritis (AP). Patients with certain anatomical disorders, functional  disorders and/or urinary tract instrumentation  are at increased risk for poor outcomes and recurrent bacteriuria. This secondary analysis of ADAPT-PO evaluated outcomes in patients with various cUTI risk factors.ADAPT-PO was a Phase 3 multinational, double-blind, double-dummy trial evaluating oral TBP-PI-HBr vs. IV ERT in 1372 hospitalized adult patients with cUTI/AP. Patients were randomized 1:1 to oral TBP-PI-HBr or IV ERT for 7-10 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was overall response  in the microbiological intent-to-treat (micro-ITT) population. Overall outcomes were assessed among patients with identified with at least one cUTI risk factor at baseline.At baseline, 382/449 (85.1%) and 361/449(86.2%) of patients in the TBP-PI-HBr and ERT arms, respectively had \u22651 risk factor and 289 (64.4%) and 268 (64.2%) had \u22652 risk factors. Anatomical abnormalities and/or urinary track instrumentation were present in 252 (56.1%) TBP-PI-HBr and 242 (57.8%) ERT patients; functional abnormalities were present in 90 (20.0%) and 85(20.3%) respectively). Among patients with \u22651 risk factor, overall response at TOC was 56.3% and 59.6% with TBP-PI-HBr and ERT, respectively, vs. 73.1% and 74.1% among those with no risk factors. Clinical response rates at TOC were high and similar in both arms in patients with (\u226592.9%) and without (\u226591.4%) risk factors whereas microbiologic responses were more variable between the 2 subsets.In cUTI patients with \u22651 risk factor for complicated disease at baseline, outcomes were comparable between oral TBP-PI-HBr and IV ERT. As expected, these patients were at higher risk for recurrent bacteriuria. Overall responses in both groups were higher among patients without these risk factors.Angela K. Talley, MD, Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Paul B. Eckburg, MD, AN2 Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Ian A. Critchley, PhD, Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Ian A. Critchley, PhD, Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Gary E. Moore, PhD, Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Nivedita Bhatt, PhD, Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Lori A. Muir, B.Sc., Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Lori A. Muir, B.Sc., Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds David Melnick, MD, Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Health Serv Res 22, 478 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07886-7Following publication of the original article , the autThe sentence originally read:less formally educated, and Medi-Cal-ineligible clients drove longer to treatment.Young, male, The sentence should read:more formally educated, and Medi-Cal-ineligible clients drove longer to treatment.Young, male, The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-022-34771-y, published online 08 December 2022Correction to: In this article the affiliation \u2018Present address: Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8; Sayo, Hyogo, Japan\u201d for Hideki Shigematsu was missing.The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-022-19201-9, published online 20 September 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 22, which was incorrectly given as:J. Med. Chem.63, 15333\u201315343 (2020).Luca, S. D., Verdoliva, V. & Saviano, M. Peptide ligands specifically targeting HER2 Receptor and the role played by a synthetic model system of the receptor extracellular domain: Hypothesized future perspectives. The correct reference is listed below:J. Med. Chem.63, 15333\u201315343 (2020).De Luca, S., Verdoliva, V. & Saviano, M. Peptide ligands specifically targeting HER2 Receptor and the role played by a synthetic model system of the receptor extracellular domain: Hypothesized future perspectives. The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Francis L Martin. The correct citation is: Holden CA, Bailey JP, Taylor JE, Martin FL, Beckett P, McAinsh M (2022) Know your enemy: Application of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to invasive species control. PLoS ONE 17(1): e0261742."}
{"text": "S. maltophilia has become a major cause of hospital-associated pneumonia. Aztreonam (ATM) is a monobactam stable to hydrolysis by metallo-\u03b2-lactamases (MBLs), including those intrinsically produced by S. maltophilia. Avibactam (AVI) is a non-\u03b2-lactam \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits serine \u03b2-lactamases such as ESBLs, KPCs, AmpCs, and some OXAs. ATM-AVI is being developed for treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including MBL producers. We evaluated the activity of ATM-AVI against S. maltophilia and B. cepacia from US hospitals.S. maltophilia and 219 B. cepacia were consecutively collected (1/patient) in 77 US medical centers in 2016-2021 and susceptibility tested by CLSI broth microdilution method. Only isolates determined to be the probable cause of infection were included. CLSI/US FDA breakpoints were applied when available.1,565 S. maltophilia, with MIC50/90s of 2/4 mg/L and 98.3% of isolates inhibited at \u22648 mg/L, including 100.0% of isolates from BSI and 97.9% of isolates from pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole  and minocycline  also were very active against S. maltophilia, while ceftazidime and levofloxacin were active against 21.3% and 76.2% of isolates per CLSI criteria, respectively (Table). ATM-AVI was also very active against B. cepacia, with MIC50/90s of 4/16 mg/L and 88.1% inhibited at \u22648 mg/L, including 93.3% and 87.3% of isolates from BSI and pneumonia, respectively. The most active comparators tested against B. cepacia were ceftazidime (84.9%S), meropenem (84.5%S), TMP-SMX (83.5%S), and minocycline (80.0%S).The isolate collection were recovered mainly from patients with pneumonia (73.3%) and bloodstream infection . ATM-AVI was very active against in vitro activity against S. maltophilia and B. cepacia from US hospitals and may represent a valuable option to treat infections caused by these organisms. Clinical studies are urgently warranted to evaluate the efficacy of ATM-AVI as well as reevaluate the susceptibility breakpoints for antibiotics currently used to treat infections caused by these organisms.ATM-AVI demonstrated potent Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Dee Shortridge, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|JMI Laboratory: Employee|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support SJ Ryan Arends, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Office for Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Acceptable risks of treatments to prevent rheumatoid arthritis among first-degree relatives: demographic and psychological predictors of risk tolerance. RMD Open 2022;8:e002593. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002593Simons G, Janssen EM, Veldwijk J, The funding statement for this article has been updated."}
{"text": "Four other \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BL/BLI) have been recently approved by the US FDA: ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), ceftolozane-tazobactam (C-T), meropenem-vaborbactam (MEM-VAB), and imipenem-relebactam (IMI-REL). We evaluated the n=187) and 12 European countries  in 2018-2021 and susceptibility tested by CLSI broth microdilution method.383 PSA isolates (1/patient) were recovered from 35 medical centers in the US  was the most active agent, followed by IMI-REL (94.7%/92.5%S in US/EU) and C-T (89.8%/91.3%S in US/EU). MEM-VAB (not approved for PSA in the US) and MEM showed similar activity. Tobramycin (TOB)-S rates were 73.3%/85.7% in US/EU (Table\u00a01). Among TOB-non-S (NS) isolates, 84.6% were CAZ-AVI-S and 73.1% were inhibited at ATM-AVI MIC of \u22648 mg/L. CAZ-AVI retained good activity against C-T-NS (61.1%S), IMI-REL-NS (62.1%S), piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP-TAZ)-NS (86.7%S), meropenem (MEM)-NS (86.6%S), and ciprofloxacin (CIP)-NS (92.1%S) isolates (Table\u00a02). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes were observed among 40.1%/30.1% and 24.6%/16.8% of isolates from US/EU, respectively. Among MDR isolates, 90.7%/84.7% were CAZ-AVI-S, 65.3%/66.1% were inhibited at \u22648 mg/L of ATM-AVI, and 78.7%/76.3% were TOB-S in US/EU. CAZ-AVI and TOB retained activity against 87.0%/75.8% and 39.1%/63.6% of XDR isolates in US/EU, respectively.ATM-AVI inhibited 83.4%/85.2% of isolates from US/EU at \u22648 mg/L. CAZ-AVI (MICATM-AVI and CAZ-AVI exhibited potent activity against PSA isolated from CF patients in US and EU and retained good activity against isolates resistant to other antimicrobials, including MDR and XDR organisms; both compounds showed greater activity than TOB. ATM-AVI and CAZ-AVI may represent a valuable option to treat CF patients with pulmonary exacerbations due to PSA infection.Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Office for Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "While a 3-dose mRNA-1273 primary series is recommended for moderately or severely immunocompromised (IC) individuals in the U.S., some IC individuals do not complete the 3-dose series. We conducted a matched cohort study to evaluate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of the 3-dose mRNA-1273 primary series vs. 2 doses of mRNA-1273 in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 disease in IC individuals.nd dose date. Third doses were accrued from 08/12/2021 to 12/31/2021, with follow-up through 1/31/2022, spanning the delta and omicron periods. Outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 infection (positive molecular test or diagnosis code), COVID-19 hospitalization, and COVID-19 hospital death. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. Adjusted rVE (%) was calculated as (1-aHR) x 100.IC individuals aged \u226518 years with \u226512 months of Kaiser Permanente Southern California membership who received 3 doses of mRNA-1273 \u226524 days apart were 1:1 matched with randomly selected IC 2-dose recipients on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and 2rd dose (Table\u00a03).Our study included 21,942 3-dose and 21,942 2-dose mRNA-1273 IC recipients. Adjusted rVE of 3 doses compared to 2 doses of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and COVID-19 hospital death were 55.0% (95% CI: 50.8\u201358.9%), 83.0% (75.4\u201388.3%), and 87.1% (30.6\u201397.6%), respectively (Table\u00a01). Adjusted rVE against SARS-CoV-2 infection ranged from 43.0% to 59.1% across subgroups of age, sex, race/ethnicity, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, pregnancy, and comorbidities (Table\u00a02). Point estimates of the 3-dose rVE were higher against COVID-19 infection and hospitalization in the first 3 months, compared to 3\u20136 months after the 3rd primary series dose for adequate protection of IC individuals.Three doses of mRNA-1273 provide additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes for IC individuals, compared to 2 doses, highlighting the importance of completing 3-doses for IC populations. However, possible waning of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes after 3 months supports the ACIP recommendation of a booster dose at least 3 months after the 3Jennifer H. Ku, PhD MPH, GSK: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Lina S. Sy, MPH, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Glaxosmithkline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Lei Qian, PhD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Glaxosmithkline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Bradley Ackerson, MD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Glaxosmithkline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Yi Luo, PhD, Glaxosmithkline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Julia Tubert, MPH, Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Gina Lee, MPH, Glaxosmithkline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Ana Florea, PhD MPH, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Carla Talarico, PhD, Moderna: Employee of and a shareholder in Moderna Inc. Sijia Qiu, MS, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Yun Tian, MS, Glaxosmithkline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Hung Fu Tseng, PhD MPH, GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Neotoxosceluspetilussp. nov. is described from South Korea. Neotoxoscelus Fisher, 1921 is also a new generic record for South Korea. A key to the Neotoxoscelus species and an updated checklist are provided. Neotoxoscelus Fisher, 1921  is a small group, with only seven known species globally. Most of these species are distributed in Oriental Region: N.aeneiventris Fisher, 1930, N.bakeri Fisher, 1921, N.corporaali Obenberger, 1922, N.kurosawai , N.luzonicus Fisher, 1921, and N.ornatus Fisher, 1930, with only N.kerzhneri  reported from the Palaearctic Region , had been reported from South Korea , Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea.The specimen was collected in Mt. Juwangsan, Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do province, South Korea Fig.  by sweepBody length: distance from apex of head to apex of elytra.Elytral length: distance from anterior margin to apex of elytra.Elytral width: width of both elytra at widest point.Pronotal length: length of pronotum along midline.Pronotal width: width of pronotum at widest point.Buprestidae Leach, 1815Family Agrilinae Laporte, 1835Subfamily Coraebini Bedel, 1921Tribe Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraBuprestidae\ufeffGenusFisher, 192162FECCD4-417C-5F27-B4DE-E950021C3000NeotoxoscelusNeotoxoscelusbakeri Fisher, 1921 . Fisher, 1921: 418. Type species: Pronotum convex; inner margin of all tibiae almost straight; no space between tibiae and femora when closed; apical margin of pygidium with a short spinous process in middle part .Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraBuprestidae\ufeff9160B56F-68B0-538C-8DBC-599E26B69682https://zoobank.org/8141964D-10A7-4672-8C08-C542815299BBN.kerzhneri  among its congeners. It can be distinguished from N.kerzhneri based on the following combination of morphological characters: body slender; lateral margin of pronotum slightly curved and narrowed with somewhat distinct sinuation, basal angle rounded; scutellum wider than long; elytra widest at humerus, longer than wide: W/L = 2.60 (width at humerus), W/L = 2.40 (width including laterosternites); median lobe of male genitalia with two pointed apical denticles on each side and lateral margin slightly narrowed. In contrast, N.kerzhneri has the following aspects: stout body; lateral margin of pronotum more roundly curved and rectilinearly narrowed, without sinuation, basal angle angulated; scutellum longer than wide; elytra widest at posterior 5/9, longer than wide: W/L = 2.35\u20132.40 (width at humerus), W/L = 2.04\u20132.16 (width including laterosternites); median lobe of male genitalia without apical denticles on each side and lateral margin drastically narrowed .Unknown.South Korea, Gyeongsangbuk-do province.The specific epithet refers to the slender body shape of the new species.Neotoxoscelusaeneiventris Fisher, 1930Distribution. Malaysia (Pahang).Neotoxoscelusbakeri Fisher, 1921Distribution. Philippines (Mindanao).Neotoxosceluscorporaali Obenberger, 1922Distribution. Indonesia (Sumatura).Neotoxosceluskerzhneri Distribution. China , Mongolia (Dornogovi).Neotoxosceluskurosawai Distribution. Taiwan.Neotoxoscelusluzonicus Fisher, 1921Distribution. Philippines (Luzon).Neotoxoscelusornatus Fisher, 1930Distribution. Malaysia (Sabah).Neotoxosceluspetilus sp. nov.Distribution. South Korea."}
{"text": "Creagrura Townes from Central and South America: C.alejandromasisisp. n. and C.rogerblancoisp. n. from Costa Rica and C.allpahuayasp. n. from Peru, all of which emphasise the unknown parasitoid insect diversity yet to be revealed in the tropics.We describe three new species of the previously monotypic genus Creagrura wasps find and oviposit in the caterpillar when it is exposed at night, rather than when it is concealed during daylight hours.Host relationships of the two Costa Rican species are described in detail. In addition, it is inferred that the  Creagrura Townes has been believed for 50 years to be a tropical monotypic genus of Cremastinae  attacking caterpillars of Hesperiidae , north-western Costa Rica and commented to us  that he suspected that there might be several species within \u201cC.nigripes\u201d in ACG. The lack of strong morphological differences amongst \u201cC.nigripes\u201d may explain the lack of detailed studies of the genus. However, our findings, based on new material collected from Central and South America, suggest that the situation may be more complex.Ichneumonidae) in Peruvian Amazonia, for example, Creagrura from Amazonian lowland rain forests. On the other hand, based on hundreds of reared and barcoded ACG wasps and their host caterpillars, we  have discovered the existence of two additional cryptic species, each specialised to parasitise different genera of caterpillars feeding on two quite different groups of plants, morphologically and taxonomically (Poaceae + Cyperaceae vs. Marantaceae + Costaceae), side by side in lowland rain forest, but just one of them extending into adjacent dry forest. Both of the Costa Rican species of wasps were initially revealed by their different DNA barcodes.During the last two decades, we  have collected adult Darwin wasps  using this DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5883.DS-ASCREAGR. Further samples after publication can be retrieved from BOLD by searching for individual voucher codes or the BIN code for each species . Currently, the two new ACG species are called C. nigripesDHJ01 and C. nigripesDHJ03 in these public databases. Additional collection information is deposited at http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu and all sequences have been deposited in the GenBank database, when they are transferred from BOLD to GenBank by the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.Sequence data, trace files and metadata for all the currently available two new species from ACG are available on BOLD  insect collection, the new home for the former collection of the American Entomological Institute (AEI), previously located in Gainesville, Florida. Additional paratypes will be deposited in the Canadian National Insect collection in Ottawa (CNI) and in the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (MNC), Santo Domingo de Heredia. A male and female paratype of each of the two new Costa Rican species are deposited in the ZMUT. The holotype and paratypes of the Peruvian species will be deposited in the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de San Marcos, Peru (UNSM). Two paratype females (Peruvian specimens) are in the ZMUT. The holotype and paratypes of the Peruvian species are currently on loan in ZMUT.In the material examined, the SRNP code refers to the voucher code of the host caterpillar, while the DHJPAR code is the voucher code of the wasp itself, with full data available through http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso.Townes, 1971E411FA51-F410-5C7B-8989-28B7310CB76ACreagruraCreagruranigripes Townes, by original designation. Townes, 1971: 6. Type-species: CreagruraCreagruranigripes Townes, 1971Modified from Moderately large species, mainly yellowish-orange or orange-blackish, variously infuscate dorsally, front wings with a dark spot apically. Fore-wing length 8.0 to 9.8 mm. Clypeus separated from face by a suture. Mandibles with a broad ventral flange. Upper tooth of mandible longer and broader than lower tooth. Palpae formula 5:4. Frons slightly biconcave, polished. Antennae hirsute, flagellomeres infuscate, pedicel and scape variable in colouration. Occipital carina broadly interrupted mediodorsally, laterally strong, joining hypostomal carina at base of mandible. Pronotum unspecialised, with epomia slightly raised parallel to anterior margin, upper end detached and angled towards upper margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum with notauli present, broadly, but shallowly, depressed. Scutellum moderately convex, with strong lateral carinae reaching the posterior end. Mesopleuron smooth, punctuated on lower part. Epicnemial carina complete. Metapleuron punctated, separated from propodeum by a strong pleural carina. Propodeum with anterior and posterior transverse carinae present and complete. Lateral longitudinal carinae of propodeum present or rarely absent. Lateromedian longitudinal carinae present or rarely absent. Area superomedia more or less coffin-shaped or very rarely absent. Lateromedian longitudinal carina forming a V- or Y-shaped area basalis. Legs with tarsal claws small, pectinated to apices. Mid-tibia with two apical spurs. Hind femur smooth, without ventral tooth. Fore-wing with an enclosed oblique areolet. Pterostigma slender, blackish, narrower than first subdiscal cell. Distal abscissa of M complete to wing margin. Hind-wing with distal abscissae of M, Cu1 and 1A spectral distally or otherwise incomplete. Metasoma laterally strongly compressed. First tergite elongate, without glymma, ventral margins enclosing most of the sternite. Second tergite slender, varying in length, with a large thyridium. Laterotergite of the second tergite membranous, pendant. Ovipositor short and stout, orange-brownish in colouration and strongly decurved (hook-shaped), without subapical dorsal notch. Male claspers unspecialised, aedeagus slender, decurved, subapical bristles present.Creagrura is easy to distinguish from all other genera of the subfamily Cremastinae by the following set of characters: 1) ovipositor short and strongly down-curved, hook-shaped, 2) scutellum with strong lateral carinae, 3) mandible with broad ventral flange, 4) first tergite of metasoma ventrally almost completely enclosing the sternite and 5) second tergite of metasoma with a large thyridium.Creagrura are middle to late instar koinobiont endoparasitoids of caterpillars that are diurnally concealed in longitudinally folded grass, sedge, ginger, palm or marantaceous leaves  which is the standard tropical sampling method for diurnal Darwin wasps.In ACG, the two new species of Creagruraalejandromasisi sp. n. (BIN AAA2329) is known only from ACG, where it is exclusively a specialist at parasiting the mid- to last instars of medium-sized (2-4 cm) Hesperiinae (Hesperiidae) caterpillars feeding on and day-time sequestering amongst the mature leaves of broad-leafed rain forest perenial monocots  in mostly insolated and full shade microhabitats 90-900 m elevation. It does not extend into adjacent ACG dry forest, as does C.rogerblancoi sp. n., which feeds on Poaceae, Arecaceae and Cyperaceae in both sun and shady microhabitats. It may be common elsewhere in Costa Rica, but not collected, simply because, in decades of Malaise trapping its ACG microhabitats, it has never been caught by a Malaise-trap. While there are many other genera and species of hesperiine and non-hesperiine caterpillars living and feeding in these microhabitats, C.alejandromasisi sp. n. is notable for parasitising only the following species of caterpillars , almost never a palm-eater, grass-eater or sedge-eater and 91% of the time reared from one of eight species of Saliana (Hesperiidae): (http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso): Calpodesethlius (5), Cynea Burns02 (1), Cyneairma (2), Cyneamegalops (1), Decineadecineaderisor (1), Parphoradecora (1), Rhinthonmolion (1), Rhinthonosca (29), Salianaantoninus (70), Saliana Burns03 (10), Saliana Burns06 (1), Salianaesperi (379), Salianafusta (15), Salianalongirostris (1), Salianaplacens (3), Salianaseverus (85) and Talides Burns04 (1). These caterpillars show a wide range of body types and colours, in contrast to those parasitised by C.rogerblancoi. An image of the solitary wasp cocoon with caterpillar cadaver is available at http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/Wadults/searchplaycat4apr15.lasso?Voucher==05-SRNP-43145&-search and images of all of these species of caterpillars are available at htpp://janzen.sas.upenn.edu.C.alejandromasisi sp. n. has no suggestion of being attacked by any of the many tens of species of ACG common hyperparasitoids . Its host caterpillars are also attacked by a small array of other species of parasitoids, but those will be treated in other more cross-taxon ecological publications.To date, Creagrurarogerblancoi sp. n. (BIN AAA5105) has a caterpillar biology quite similar to that of Creagruraalejandromasisi sp. n. described above, except for its species of food plants and caterpillars, lesser sample size and a slight difference in sympatric microecosystems. While there are many other genera and species of hesperiine and non-hesperiine caterpillars living and feeding in its microhabitats, C.rogerblancoi sp. n. is notable for parasitising only the caterpillars of Orsescynisca (257), rarely three genera of grass-eating hesperiinae Hesperiidae and six species of Perichares (37) as grass-eating and understorey palm-eating caterpillars . Orsescynisca is only feeding on leaves of four species of Cyperaceae and 34 species of Poaceae and the Perichares feed only on grasses and understorey palm leaves. Creagruraalejandromasisi never parasitises Perichares caterpillars feeding on palms or Orsescynisca, whatever plant species it is eating. Equally, C.rogerblancoi never attacks Saliana caterpillars, wherever they are feeding. As a result of their parasitisation of Perichares feeding on leaves of deeply shaded rainforest understorey palms, C.rogerblancoi wasps are more often reared from shady portions of the microhabitat than are C.alejandromasisi, but because the parasite-host interaction presumably takes place at night, this is probably just a serendipitous outcome of the species of host caterpillars and their food preferences. The caterpillars of the four species of Perichares studied intensively  are nearly identical in superficial appearance, but subtly different in their morphology to each other and similar to the caterpillars of Orsescysnisca (http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso). C.rogerblancoi is common throughout ACG lowland rainforest, but also extends into ACG lowland dry forest (parasitising hesperiine caterpillars eating grasses and sedges).Creagrura Townes has been viewed as a monotypic Neotropical genus ranging from Central to South America for 50 years. Small morphological intraspecific variation previously led to the recognition of only one species, C.nigripes Townes 1971  in Peru .The mandibular flange and lateral carinae of the scutellum are key identifying characters of S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi, 2022sp. n.CA548CEF-DD8A-5B1D-A7F2-AFB7AE8C852AF03E6918-80A2-4F71-B6BA-15ACC5CAA85AType status:Holotype. Occurrence: individualID: 05-SRNP-43720; sex: Female; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0009786; occurrenceID: D2AE4CD4-686C-53BD-B042-39F54449B8A5; Location: continent: Americas; country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen, W.Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: datasetID: DHJPAR0009786; institutionCode: AEIType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 09-SRNP-40615; sex: Female; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0035191; occurrenceID: FFDD92D9-0F31-5DE3-B45F-60790C297B66; Location: continent: Americas; country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen, W.Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: datasetID: DHJPAR0035191; institutionCode: CNIType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 08-SRNP-564; sex: Female; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0023408; occurrenceID: F1733153-7631-5029-8D82-9887652D1283; Location: continent: Americas; country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen, W.Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: datasetID: DHJPAR0023408; institutionCode: ZMUTType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 08-SRNP-463; sex: Male; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0023423; occurrenceID: 4F44D56B-006C-5E89-928B-E063DD94CAF4; Location: continent: Americas; country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen, W.Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: datasetID: DHJPAR0023423; institutionCode: AEIType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 06-SRNP-34134; sex: Male; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0016378; occurrenceID: DC9AEF7C-E9B6-5CD6-A8B8-8C9830C964B4; Location: continent: Americas; country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen, W.Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: datasetID: DHJPAR0016378; institutionCode: AEIType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 08-SRNP-5087; sex: Male; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0028406; occurrenceID: 889FC6C5-7740-58B2-B622-E88B4B41CA10; Location: continent: Americas; country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen, W.Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: datasetID: DHJPAR0028406; institutionCode: CNIType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 08-SRNP-488; sex: Male; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0023422; occurrenceID: BE1B57F9-DAC9-5E9A-B00E-7FBB83E39296; Location: continent: Americas; country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen, W.Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: datasetID: DHJPAR0023422; institutionCode: MNCType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 07-SRNP-30407; sex: Male; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0017220; occurrenceID: 96AE0980-0B84-5250-A6D9-F790FAC7A5BD; Location: continent: Americas; country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen, W.Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: datasetID: DHJPAR0017220; institutionCode: ZMUTFemale: Mandibles with outer surface bearing long scattered whitish hairs; clypeus about 1.7-1.8 times as broad as high, strongly convex, shiny; lower face shiny, centrally with convex swelling  of pronotum, scutellum, propodeum, tarsal segments of mid-leg, tibia and tarsal segments of hind leg blackish or brownish; hind femur orange, with apical whitish spot; hind coxa orange; area dentipara brownish; metasoma predominantly orange, tergite 1 apically brownish, tergites 2-3 dorsally brownish or blackish  with C.rogerblancoi sp. n. However, these two species are readily distinguishable from each other by their colouration and their DNA barcodes.Creagruraalejandromasisi is named in honour of Costa Rica\u2019s Alejandro Mas\u00eds Cuevillas in recogntion of his 27 years of intense biological and administrative support to ACG parataxonomists, INBio, ACG as its Director and the Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund as its advisor.North-western Costa Rica.See above.S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi, 2022sp. n.41203F0F-0F1C-5123-86AF-5175C9DFA0ABE74B9CCD-9153-4ADE-943F-77459DF69836Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: sex: Female; occurrenceID: AE3C8A3C-96D5-53DA-9841-16BD70F6A5E9; Location: continent: South America; country: Peru; stateProvince: Loreto; locality: Allpahuayo; Identification: identifiedBy: Isrrael G\u00f3mez & Ilari E. S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 19-25.9-2011; habitat: Lowland rainforest; fieldNotes: Week18; Record Level: institutionCode: UNSMType status:Paratype. Occurrence: sex: Female; occurrenceID: 74A3844F-5B54-5229-84FC-690142FC109B; Location: continent: South America; country: Peru; stateProvince: Loreto; locality: Allpahuayo; Identification: identifiedBy: Ilari E. S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi et al.; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 14.9.-4.10.2000; habitat: Lowland rainforest, white sand; fieldNotes: APHIG3/1; Record Level: institutionCode: UNSMType status:Paratype. Occurrence: sex: Female; occurrenceID: 714EC3C6-C904-5D7B-8D30-1863DD51723D; Location: continent: South America; country: Peru; stateProvince: Loreto; locality: Allpahuayo; Identification: identifiedBy: Ilari E. S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi (IES) & Reijo Jussila (RJ); Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 18.9.-4.10.1998; habitat: Lowland rainforest, white sand ; fieldNotes: APHI D1/3 012; Record Level: institutionCode: UNSMType status:Paratype. Occurrence: sex: Female; occurrenceID: 9A666798-1999-5A7D-BF68-C92B3930ACF3; Location: continent: South America; country: Peru; stateProvince: Loreto; locality: Allpahuayo; Identification: identifiedBy: Ilari E. S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi (IES) & Reijo Jussila (RJ); Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2-24.3.2000; habitat: Lowland rainforest, white sand; fieldNotes: APHI G1/3; Record Level: institutionCode: UNSMType status:Paratype. Occurrence: sex: Female; occurrenceID: 2D8F44FE-9F21-5F8D-A3B5-C82708144023; Location: continent: South America; country: Peru; stateProvince: Loreto; locality: Allpahuayo; Identification: identifiedBy: Ilari E. S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi et al.; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 1-15,12.2000; habitat: Lowland rainforest, clay; fieldNotes: APHI J1/17; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUTType status:Paratype. Occurrence: sex: Male; occurrenceID: E6D28160-38B1-53C4-9BFD-ABB906D955BD; Location: continent: South America; country: Peru; stateProvince: Loreto; locality: Mishana; Identification: identifiedBy: Ilari E. S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi (IES) & Reijo Jussila (RJ); Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 1-16.11.1998; habitat: Lowland rainforest, clay; fieldNotes: APHI A1/6 022; Record Level: institutionCode: UNSMFemale: Mandibles with outer surface bearing long scattered whitish hairs; clypeus about 1.7-1.8 times as broad as high, strongly convex, shiny; lower face shiny, centrally with convex swelling Fig. c. Mesosc22A primarily yellowish-orange species, with antenna, hind femur, hind tibia, hind tarsal segments and tergites 2-6 dark brownish to shiny blackish; central lobe of pronotum brownish; propodeum orange, without brownish areas. Ovipositor dark brown or orange, ovipositor sheaths blackish. Wings hyaline, with veins, pterostigma and apical part (approximately 0.2) of front wing blackish. Structure otherwise as figured , hind femur , tibia and tarsal segments black and tergite 2-6 predominantly blackish. It resembles C.nigripes in colouration of hind legs (both species have black or blackish hind femura). However, metasoma of C.nigripes is predominantly orange and it has large brownish areas in pronotum, scutellum, propodeum and hind coxa. These structures are yellowish-orange in C.allpahuaya.allpahuaya\u201d refers to the type locality: National Reserve of Allpahuayo-Mishana (Per\u00fa).The specific name \u201cPeru.Nothing is known about the host relationships of this species.This species is only known from the Western Amazonian lowland rain forests .S\u00e4\u00e4ksj\u00e4rvi, 2022sp. n.F086DD7B-87FD-5C10-BEBE-A5E8C95272EA45235D41-927F-4229-AE3D-32301B2EC9CFType status:Holotype. Occurrence: individualID: 06-SRNP-43689; sex: Female; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0016381; occurrenceID: 0658998C-FA34-5B6E-BDC2-A5E0BCE03F70; Location: country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen & W. Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: institutionCode: AEIType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 08-SRNP-57407; sex: Female; associatedSequences: DHJPAR28409; occurrenceID: BE2D3220-3903-56A9-8F71-9A8098ED7C86; Location: country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen & W. Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: institutionCode: AEIType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 07-SRNP-42145; sex: Female; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0021134; occurrenceID: 60A782D4-A10E-53C8-8FAC-A8C3062E046E; Location: country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen & W. Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: institutionCode: CNIType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 07-SRNP-42145; sex: Female; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0021134; occurrenceID: 49EAE486-0DC5-53FB-8D9C-3BDE8133A564; Location: country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen & W. Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: institutionCode: CNIType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 08-SRNP-57409; sex: Female; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0028410; occurrenceID: 80375DD1-D09D-5A10-AA90-95FC4663F1C9; Location: country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen & W. Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: institutionCode: MNCType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 07-SRNP-40196; sex: Female; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0016933; occurrenceID: 9C3FECC4-CAE3-5CB1-8BE5-A96E60F3C4C8; Location: country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen & W. Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUTType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 07-SRNP-42148; sex: Male; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0021104; occurrenceID: 77A35467-6A2C-5FE1-A749-FE086087D8FC; Location: country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen & W. Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: institutionCode: AEIType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualID: 07-SRNP-56455; sex: Male; associatedSequences: DHJPAR0019860; occurrenceID: 191EB5B2-488A-5B8F-9E66-29833F5779A5; Location: country: Costa Rica; locality: Area de Conservacion de Guanacaste; Identification: identifiedBy: D.H.Janzen & W. Hallwachs; Event: samplingProtocol: Rearing; Record Level: institutionCode: AEIFemale: Mandibles with outer surface bearing long scattered whitish hairs; clypeus about 1.7-1.8 times as broad as high, strongly convex, shiny; lower face shiny, centrally with convex swelling Fig. c. Mesosc33A primarily yellowish-orange species, with antenna, hind tibia, hind tarsal segments, tergite 1 dorsally and apical part of tergite 2 dorsally black or blackish; central lobe of pronotum fuscous; propodeum orange, without brownish areas; hind femur orange, with apical whitish spot; hind coxa orange Fig. b. OviposMale: Similar to female in size, structure and colouration. Claspers simple, orange in colouration. aedeagus slender, slightly enlarged and rounded apically, with fine whitish britles apically.Creagrurarogerblancoi sp. n. can be distinguished from other species of Creagrura by the following set of characters: tergite 1 about 1.3x as long as tergite 2, propodeum entirely orange (without any brownish or blackish spots or stripes), hind coxa orange  and hind femur orange. This species is sympatric (in Costa Rica) with C.alejandromasisi sp. n. However, these two species are readily distinguishable by their colouration. C.rogerblancoi is also readly distinguished from C.nigripes which has, for example, blackish hind femurs and brownish \u201cW-shape\u201d on propodeum.This species is named in honour of Costa Rica\u2019s Roger Blanco Segura to honour his four decades of intense and dedicated management and care of the biodiversity of Parque Nacional Santa Rosa and then its expansion to become \u00c1rea de Conservaci\u00f3n Guanacaste, Costa Rica.North-western Costa Rica.See above.Hymenoptera, Ichneumondiae) have been hypothesised to be more species-poor in the tropics than in some higher latitudes (Darwin wasps (atitudes , but thiRecent thorough trapping and host rearing in ACG habitats and Peruvian Amazonia , are revThe three described here are emphasised now because their roles in emerging ACG ecological patterns need identifying names and because they are readily distinctive from what was believed to be the single species in a monotypic genus."}
{"text": "Leptoceridae. Specifically, he assessed and analyzed the diversity, evolution, and biogeography of Neotropical Leptoceridae and revised their systematics. At Clemson he also met Steve Hamilton. Ralph and \u2018both Steves\u2019 developed very productive professional relationships and personal friendships that last through today. Thus, Ralph became part of a line of Trichoptera workers that would significantly impact our knowledge of the Trichoptera fauna of North and South America. First and foremost, this line goes back to Herbert Ross, Fernand Schmid, Glenn Wiggins, Oliver Flint, and John Morse.Ralph Holzenthal began his studies in caddisfly diversity at the University of New Orleans, where he completed his Masters of Science degree in 1980 after exploring the caddisfly of southeastern Louisiana and southern Mississippi, which was in his own words, \u201cas far as I could travel in a day with a non-existing budget\u201d. Together with the research of Steve Harris and Paul Lago, Ralph\u2019s MSc thesis significantly contributed to advancing our knowledge of caddisflies in the Southeastern United States . After cTrichoptera at Clemson in 1983 and presented and published the first paper of his Ph.D. work in the symposium\u2019s proceedings: a description of the new genus Achoropsyche as the first contribution in the nine-part \u201cStudies in Neotropical Leptoceridae\u201d series  grants to work on the caddisflies of Costa Rica. He began the first grant as a postdoctoral researcher at Clemson University in 1986 but was offered a faculty position as Faculty Director of theUniversity of Minnesota Insect Collection (UMSP)at the University of Minnesota in spring of the same year. The grants and the work on Trichoptera of Costa Rica were instrumental to his tenure at UMSP. His six months sabbatical in 1997\u20131998 as visiting professor at the Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil was crucial to expanding his network in South America and broadening the taxonomic and regional scope of his work. The second influential grant to his career was a 2001 NSF \u201cPartnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy\u201d (PEET) award. This grant, focused on formally training students in Trichoptera systematics and taxonomy, enabled Ralph to pursue one of his scientific career passions: training students from across the Americas in insect taxonomy, systematics, and biodiversity. He has since trained numerous younger colleagues through formal and informal avenues, thereby building a legacy of excellent Trichoptera taxonomists particularly known for their revisionary studies and excellent illustrations. Beyond teaching \u201cstandard\u201d courses of an entomological curriculum, he also developed unique courses on scientific illustration of insects. These are sought after globally, and Ralph has been invited to give numerous workshops around the world to students and professionals. Ralph also excelled at communicating his knowledge with students. He was a cherished teacher and won multiple faculty teaching awards at the University of Minnesota. These included the FAME Award (Faculty Award for Mentorship in Entomology) presented through \u201cFrenatae\u201d, the University of Minnesota\u2019s Entomology Graduate Student Organization in 2005 and 2010, which highlights how highly valued Ralph was as a teacher and mentor by his students. Many of his former mentees submitted articles to this volume, to show their gratitude and respect for Ralph\u2019s life work. The topics he thus influenced range from faunal surveys and checklists , he leaves behind one of the foremost Neotropical Trichoptera collections in the world, and a well-curated insect collection of more than 4 million specimens where species level identification lies at an astonishing ~ 70%. All Trichoptera specimens are databased and have machine-readable barcode labels . This approach to taxonomy and systematics, not only for its own sake but also as a service to other scientists, is what we believe sets Ralph\u2019s contributions apart.Another cornerstone in Ralph\u2019s career has been an openness to innovative methodologies. Ralph conducted phylogenetic analyses to clarify evolutionary questions early in his doctoral studies, initially following the principles established by Trichoptera subject editor, where for five years his editorial leadership influenced many authors of excellent taxonomic papers. This is a further example of his service-oriented mindset.Ralph also has a strong awareness of obstacles to taxonomic publication and the central role of identification keys in organismal biology. This awareness led Ralph to join ZooKeys as a Trichoptera beyond the pioneering efforts of Dr. Oliver S. Flint to a new stage of knowledge for the Neotropics. In addition to descriptive and revisionary taxonomy, he has also advocated for the value of museums and collections in an ongoing and uphill endeavor. In the face of global climate change, this is an enterprise that now seems more important than ever because the secure refuges set aside to protect species no longer seem so permanent or secure. Natural habitats have been disappearing at alarming rates for the last few decades, which impacts our livelihoods and welfare. Biological inventories in turn raise awareness of the benefits of protecting these habitats and the biodiversity they hold. However, particularly in the tropics, these inventories usually focus on relatively well-known, easily identifiable, or charismatic groups such as birds, mammals, butterflies, and ants, while many other groups are scarcely known. By subsequently establishing protected areas known to be diverse, conservationists and biodiversity researchers aspire that these less well-known groups can also be protected and eventually described. At the rate natural habitats are being destroyed, however, it is unlikely the focus on few protected areas will suffice to preserve all the hitherto unknown diversity.But to what end did Ralph make these contributions? By making the world\u2019s caddisfly fauna more available to systematists as well as evolutionary and conservation biologists, Ralph has helped advance the taxonomy of Trichoptera fauna from this country is known to science , with new genera and species routinely discovered and described in these areas  Records of spongilla-flies ) with geographic affinities. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 127: 495\u2013512Houghton DC, Holzenthal RW, Monson MP, MacLean DB (2001) Updated checklist of the Minnesota caddisflies (Trichoptera (Caddisflies): Characterization of signal and noise within multiple datasets. Systematic Biology 50: 781\u2013816. https://doi.org/10.1080/106351501753462812Kjer KM, Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW (2001) Phylogeny of 2002Adicella McLachlan, 1877 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Postdam (Germany), July \u2013 August 2000. Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Goecke & Evers, Keltern, 88\u201395.Andersen T, Holzenthal RW (2002) West African Adicellasyriaca Ulmer, 1907 not occurring in the Afrotropical region (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Aquatic Insects 24: 161\u2013164. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000100Andersen T, Holzenthal RW (2002) Triaenodes McLachlan (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). 2. Subgenus Triaenodes sensu stricto. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 145: 61\u201388. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000100Andersen T, Holzenthal RW (2002) West African Hydroptilidae from the neotropics (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Stactobiini). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 110: 49\u201364.Harris SC, Flint Jr OS, Holzenthal RW (2002) Two new genera of Flintiella (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Stactobiini). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 110: 65\u201390. https://doi.org/10.1664/0028-7199(2002)110[0065:ROTNGF]2.0.CO;2Harris SC, Flint Jr OS, Holzenthal RW (2002) Review of the Neotropical genus Bredinia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Stactobiini). Annals of Carnegie Museum 71: 13\u201345.Harris SC, Holzenthal RW, Flint Jr OS (2002) Review of the Neotropical genus Trichoptera, caddisflies, of Venezuela: Three new species and records of Atopsyche Banks (Hydrobiosidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 37: 133\u2013143. https://doi.org/10.1076/snfe.37.2.133.8578Holzenthal RW, Cressa C (2002) The Nothotrichia Flint (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Brazil and Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 104: 106\u2013110.Holzenthal RW, Harris SC (2002) New species of Insecta, Trichoptera). Zoologica Scripta 31: 83\u201391. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00079.xKjer KM, Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW (2002) Phylogeny of caddisflies (Barypenthus Burmeister (Trichoptera: Odontoceridae). Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Trichoptera), Postdam (Germany), July \u2013 August 2000. Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Goecke & Evers, Keltern, 223\u2013230.Paprocki H, Holzenthal RW (2002) A review of the Brazilian genus Silvataresexcelsus Nav\u00e1s, 1931. In: Mey W (Ed.) Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Postdam (Germany), July \u2013 August 2000. Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Goecke & Evers, Keltern, 231\u2013234.Prather AL, Holzenthal RW (2002) The identity of 2003Metrichia Ross from Costa Rica (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 38: 173\u2013197. https://doi.org/10.1076/snfe.38.3.173.28164Bueno-Soria J, Holzenthal RW (2003) New species and records of the microcaddisfly genus Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera) from southeastern and southern Brazil. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 105: 22\u201329.Holzenthal RW, de Almeida GL (2003) New species of Houghton DC, Holzenthal RW (2003) Updated conservation status of protected Minnesota caddisflies. Great Lakes Entomologist 36: 35\u201340.Trichoptera. Entomologische Abhandlungen 61: 166.Kjer KM, Holzenthal RW, Blahnik RJ (2003) Phylogeny of Smicridea McLachlan (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from Venezuela and its role in travertine biogenesis. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 22: 401\u2013409.Paprocki H, Holzenthal RW, Cressa C (2003) A new species of 2004Trichoptera, with an emphasis on pinned material. Nectopsyche, Neotropical Trichoptera Newsletter 1: 8\u201320 http://hdl.handle.net/11299/190744Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW (2004) Collection and curation of Trichoptera from southern and southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 4: 1\u20136. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032004000100009Blahnik RJ, Paprocki H, Holzenthal RW (2004) New distribution and species records of Ochrotrichia Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Mexico and Panama. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 130: 245\u2013269.Bueno-Soria J, Holzenthal RW (2004) New species of the genus Polyplectropus Ulmer (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 106: 202\u2013216.Chamorro-Lacayo ML, Holzenthal RW (2004) Seven new species of Insecta: Trichoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 106: 110\u2013117.Holzenthal RW (2004) Three new species of Chilean caddisflies  Essential resources for research on the Neotropical Triaenodes in the Neotropics (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Zootaxa 511: 1\u201380. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.511.1.1Holzenthal RW, Andersen T (2004) The caddisfly genus Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini). Zootaxa 621: 1\u201316. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.621.1.1Holzenthal RW, Pes AMO (2004) A new genus of long-horned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) Johanson from Venezuela (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae). Zootaxa 711: 1\u201340. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.711.1.1Johanson KA, Holzenthal RW (2004) Thirteen new species and new distribution records of Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotropica 4: 1\u201322. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032004000100008Paprocki H, Holzenthal RW, Blahnik RJ (2004) Checklist of the 2005Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera) from Ecuador and Venezuela. Zootaxa 810: 1\u201314. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.810.1.1Hamilton SW, Holzenthal RW (2005) Five new species of Tolhuaca (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae). Zootaxa 1063: 53\u201368. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1063.1.3Robertson DR, Holzenthal RW (2005) The Neotropical caddisfly genus 2006Culoptila (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae). Zootaxa 1233: 1\u201352. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1233.1.1Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW (2006) Revision of the genus Notalina  Holzenthal (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), with the description of two new species from southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 1131: 33\u201348. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1131.1.2Calor AR, Holzenthal RW, Amorim DS (2006) Phylogenetic analysis of https://doi.org/10.1899/0887-3593(2006)25[263:br]2.0.co;2Holzenthal RW (2006) Book review: Caddisflies the underwater architects. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 25: 263\u2013265. https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/52.3.199Holzenthal RW (2006) Caddisflies, the underwater architects [book review]. American Entomologist 52: 199\u2013200. Protoptila in Costa Rica (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae). Zootaxa 1197: 1\u201337. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1197.1.1Holzenthal RW, Blahnik RJ (2006) The caddisfly genus Contulma from South America . Zootaxa 1355: 49\u201359. https://doi.org/10.11747/zootaxa.1355.1.3Holzenthal RW, Robertson DR (2006) Four new species of Canoptila (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae). Zootaxa 1272: 45\u201359. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1272.1.2Robertson DR, Holzenthal RW (2006) The Neotropical caddisfly genus 2007Trichoptera genitalia. In: Bueno-Soria J, Barba-\u00c1lvarez R, Armitage BJ (Eds) Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Mexico City (Mexico), June 2006. The Caddis Press, Columbus, 9\u201314.Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW, Prather AL (2007) The lactic acid method for clearing Trichoptera of Nicaragua. In: Bueno-Soria J, Barba-\u00c1lvarez R, Armitage BJ (Eds) Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Mexico City (Mexico), June 2006. The Caddis Press, Columbus, 37\u201350.Chamorro-Lacayo ML, Maes J-M, Holzenthal RW, Blahnik RJ (2007) Updated checklist of the Tagalopsyche with the description of new species and a related new genus (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Mystacidini). Zootaxa 1483: 1\u201332. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1483.1.1Holzenthal RW, Andersen T (2007) Review of the caddisfly genus Trichoptera). In: Bueno-Soria J, Barba-Alvarez R, Armitage B (Eds) Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Mexico City (Mexico), June 2006. The Caddis Press, Columbus, 143\u2013153.Holzenthal RW, Blahnik RJ, Kjer KM, Prather AP (2007) An update on the phylogeny of caddisflies , caddisflies. Zootaxa 1668: 639\u2013698. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.29Holzenthal RW, Blahnik RJ, Prather AL, Kjer KM (2007) Order Rhyacopsyche, with the description of 13 new species (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Zootaxa 1634: 1\u201359. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1634.1.1Wasmund AM, Holzenthal RW (2007) A revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus 2008Mortoniella (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae). Zootaxa 1711: 1\u201372. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1711.1.1Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW (2008) Revision of the Mexican and Central American species of Ochrotrichia Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) in Costa Rica, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 1763: 41\u201354. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1763.1.3Bueno-Soria J, Holzenthal RW (2008) The genus Grumichellini Morse, 1981 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) with the description of a new genus from southeastern Peru. Aquatic Insects 30: 245\u2013259. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650420802334087Calor AR, Holzenthal RW (2008) Phylogeny of https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/54.4.218Holzenthal RW (2008) Digital illustration of insects. American Entomologist 54: 218\u2013221. th Edn. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, USA.Holzenthal RW, Prather AL, Marshall SA (2008) Interactive key to the aquatic insect orders of North America, CD-ROM. In: Merritt RW, Cummins KW, Berg MA (Eds) An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, 4th Edn. Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, USA, 481\u2013552.Morse JC, Holzenthal RW (2008) Chapter 18, Caddisfly genera. In: Merritt RW, Cummins KW, Berg MA (Eds) An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, 4Wormaldia McLachlan (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Zootaxa 1838: 1\u201375. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3998.1.1Mu\u00f1oz-Quesada FJ, Holzenthal RW (2008) Revision of the Nearctic species of the caddisfly genus Protoptila from Bolivia (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101: 465\u2013473. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[465:TNSAAN]2.0.CO;2Robertson DR, Holzenthal RW (2008) Two new species and a new record of 2009Chimarra of Sabah and Sarawak, northern Borneo (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 152: 109\u2013166. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000272.Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW, Huisman J (2009) Trichoptera (Caddisflies). In: Likens GE (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Inland Waters Volume 2. Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 456\u2013467.Holzenthal RW (2009) 2010Polyplectropus Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea: Polycentropodidae) with the description of 39 new species. Zootaxa 2582: 1\u2013252. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2582.1.1Chamorro ML, Holzenthal RW (2010) Taxonomy and phylogeny of New World Notidobiella Schmid , with the description of 3 new species. ZooKeys 71: 23\u201347. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.71.791Holzenthal RW, Blahnik RJ (2010) Systematics of the Neotropical caddisfly genus https://doi.org/10.1899/08-065.1Holzenthal RW, Robertson DR, Pauls SU, Mendez PK (2010) Taxonomy and systematics: contributions to benthology and J-NABS. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29: 147\u2013169. https://doi.org/10.1899/09-029.1Houghton DC, Holzenthal RW (2010) Historical and contemporary biological diversity of Minnesota caddisflies: a case study of landscape-level species loss and trophic composition shift. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29: 480\u2013495. Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) in Costa Rica, with the description of 3 new species (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae). Zootaxa 2689: 37\u201347. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2689.1.4Johanson KA, Holzenthal RW (2010) The snail-case caddisfly subgenus Smicridea (Smicridea) (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29: 1058\u20131074. https://doi.org/10.1899/09-108.1Pauls SU, Blahnik RJ, Zhou X, Wardwell CT, Holzenthal RW (2010) DNA barcode data confirm new species and reveal cryptic diversity in Chilean Triaenodes McLachlan 1865 from streams in the Lake Kivu basin, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo . Denisia 29: 277\u2013285.Pauls SU, Holzenthal RW, Ngera MF (2010) Two new species of Austrotinodes Schmid (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae). Zootaxa 2347: 38\u201350. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2437.1.2Thomson RE, Holzenthal RW (2010) New Neotropical species of the genus 2011Mortoniella (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae). Zootaxa 2851: 1\u201375. https://doi.org/10.11636/zootaxa.2851.1.1Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW (2011) Revision of the austral South American species of Polycentropodidae Ulmer, 1903  inferred from larval, pupal and adult characters. Invertebrate Systematics 25: 219\u2013253. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS10024Chamorro ML, Holzenthal RW (2011) Phylogeny of Polycentropus  from Brazil. ZooKeys 76: 1\u201353. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.76.790Hamilton SW, Holzenthal RW (2011) Twenty-four new species of Trichoptera Kirby, 1813. In: Zhang Z-Q (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 209\u2013211. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.40Holzenthal RW, Morse JC, Kjer KM (2011) Order Amphoropsyche  from Ecuador, with a key to the species in the genus. ZooKeys 211: 59\u201365. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.111.813Holzenthal RW, R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales LE (2011) A new species of Trichoptera Literature Database: a collaborative bibliographic resource for world caddisfly research. In: Majecka K, Majecki J, Morse J (Eds) Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Bia\u0142owie\u017ca (Poland), June 2009. Magnolia Press, Auckland, NZ, 331\u2013337. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.5.1.25Mendez PK, Holzenthal RW, Steiner JWH (2011) The Itauara M\u00fcller, 1888 . ZooKeys 114: 41\u2013100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.114.1405Robertson DR, Holzenthal RW (2011) Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus 2012Chimarra . ZooKeys 184: 1\u201333. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.184.2911Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW (2012) New Neotropical species of Contulmapaluguillensis , a new caddisfly from the high Andes of Ecuador, and its natural history. Freshwater Science 31: 442\u2013450. https://doi.org/10.1899/11-067.1Holzenthal RW, R\u00edos-Touma B (2012) Atopsyche Banks  from Brazil. ZooKeys 207: 65\u201378.Santos APM, Holzenthal RW (2012) Three new species of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from Venezuela. ZooKeys 185: 19\u201339. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.185.2909Thomson RE, Holzenthal RW (2012) New species and records of 2013Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA. Zootaxa 3723: 1\u201399. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3723.1.1Robertson DR, Holzenthal RW (2013) Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily Trichoptera fauna (Insecta) of streams and ponds of Vostok Bay Basin . In: Makarchenko EA (Ed.) Freshwater Life. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, Russia, 123\u2013143.Vshivkova TS, Flint OS, Holzenthal RW, Kjer KM, Frandsen PB, Thomson RE, Egorov AB (2013) First data on 2014Oecetisavara group, with the description of 15 new species . ZooKeys: 1\u201383. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.376.6047Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW (2014) Review and redescription of species in the 2015Trichoptera of Panama I. New records for caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Republic of Panama. Insecta Mundi 0435: 1\u201310.Armitage BJ, Harris SC, Holzenthal RW (2015) The Trichoptera. In: Thorp JH, Rogers DC (Eds) Ecology and General Biology, Vol I: Thorp and Covich\u2019s Freshwater Invertebrates, 4th Edn. Academic Press, XXXX, 965\u20131002. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385026-3.00038-3Holzenthal RW, Thomson RE, R\u00edos-Touma B (2015) Order Wormaldia McLachlan (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Zootaxa 3998: 1\u2013138. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3998.1.1Mu\u00f1oz-Quesada FJ, Holzenthal RW (2015) Revision of the Neotropical species of the caddisfly genus Leucotrichia Mosely, 1934 . ZooKeys 499: 1\u2013100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.499.8360Thomson RE, Holzenthal RW (2015) A revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus 2016Grumichella M\u00fcller (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), including nine new species and a key. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176: 137\u2013169. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12310Calor AR, Holzenthal RW, Froehlich CG (2016) Phylogeny and revision of the Neotropical genus Amphoropsyche Holzenthal . ZooKeys 640: 59\u201367. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.640.10344Holzenthal R, R\u00edos-Touma B (2016) A new Ecuadorian species of the rare Neotropical caddisfly genus Helicopsyche von Siebold (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 4078: 344\u2013353. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4078.1.29Holzenthal RW, Blahnik RJ, Calor AR (2016) Three new species of Trichoptera). In: Vshivkova T, Morse JC (Eds) Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Vladivostok (Russia), July 2012. Magnolia Press, Auckland, NZ, 248\u2013256. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.10.1.23Kjer KM, Thomas JA, Zhou X, Frandsen PB, Scott E, Holzenthal RW (2016) Progress on the phylogeny of caddisflies . ZooKeys 637: 21\u201331. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.637.10148R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales E, Holzenthal RW (2016) New synonyms in the highly diverse caddisfly genus Insecta, Trichoptera) collected in South Primorye during the symposium and post-symposium excursions of the XIV International Symposium on Trichoptera (5 and 8\u201313 July 2012). In: Vshivkova TS, Morse JC (Eds) Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Vladivostok (Russia), July 2012. Magnolia Press, Auckland, NZ, 64\u201384. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.10.1.7Vshivkova T, Flint O, Ito T, Ivanov V, Holzenthal R, Melnitsky S, Mey W, Nozaki T, Oh MW, Drozdov K, Tojo K, Saito R, Tori T (2016) The List of Caddisflies  The 2017Mortoniella Ulmer,1906 (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae). Insecta Mundi 0602: 1\u2013250.Blahnik RJ, Holzenthal RW (2017) Revision of the northern South American species of Trichoptera (Caddisflies). ZooKeys 654: 1\u2013566. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.654.9516Holzenthal RW, Calor AR (2017) Catalog of the Neotropical Contulma from the Andes of Ecuador . PeerJ 5: e3967. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3967Holzenthal RW, R\u00edos-Touma B, R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales E (2017) New species of the endemic Neotropical caddisfly genus Oecetis McLachlan, 1877 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from the Neotropical region. PeerJ 5: e3753. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3753Quinteiro FB, Holzenthal RW (2017) Fourteen new species of Amphoropsyche Holzenthal . ZooKeys 707: 63\u201372. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.707.20759R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales E, Holzenthal RW, R\u00edos-Touma B (2017) Two new species of the rare Neotropical caddisfly genus Insecta: Trichoptera) of Ecuador. PeerJ 5: e2851. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2851R\u00edos-Touma B, Holzenthal RW, Huisman J, Thomson R, R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales E (2017) Diversity and distribution of the Caddisflies (2018Synoestropsis Ulmer (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) using morphology and DNA mitochondrial sequences. Zoologischer Anzeiger 277: 169\u2013189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2018.08.002Barcelos-Silva P, Pes AM, Andrade-Souza V, Holzenthal RW (2018) Associating larvae and adults of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Philopotamidae from the Andes of Bolivia and Ecuador . ZooKeys 780: 89\u2013108. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.780.26977Holzenthal R, Blahnik RJ, R\u00edos-Touma B (2018) New species and a new genus of Nectopsyche of Ecuador: a new species from the high Andean p\u00e1ramo and redescription of Nectopsyche spiloma (Ross) (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). PeerJ 6: e4981. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4981Holzenthal RW, R\u00edos-Touma B (2018) Trichoptera. In: Hamada N, Thorp JH, Rogers DC (Eds) Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda, Thorp and Covich\u2019s Freshwater Invertebrates - Volume III, 4th Ed. Academic Press, London, 237\u2013324. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804223-6.00010-XPes AM, Holzenthal RW, Sganga JV, Santos APM, Barcelos-Silva P, Camargos LM (2018) Order Atanatolica species from Ecuador . ZooKeys 793: 97\u2013114. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.793.26712R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales E, Holzenthal RW, R\u00edos-Touma B (2018) New 2019https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2019.1598840Ngera MF, Pauls SU, Holzenthal RW, Bagalwa M, Bisimwa MA, Mushayuma EM, and Cammaerts DR. 2019. Contribution to the knowledge of the macroinvertebrate fauna of the streams of Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. African Journal of Aquatic Science 44: 127\u2013142. 2020Trichoptera (Insecta). Systematic Entomology 45: 670\u2013686. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12422Thomas JA, Frandsen PB, Prendini E, Zhou X, Holzenthal RW (2020) A multigene phylogeny and timeline for Machairocentron Schmid (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea: Xiphocentronidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 52: 375\u2013411. https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-bja10013Vilarino A, Holzenthal RW (2020) Systematic revision of the caddisfly genus 2021Agrypniavestita Walker, and Hesperophylaxmagnus Banks Reveal Substantial Repetitive Element Expansion in Tube Case-Making Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Genome Biology and Evolution 13(3): evab013. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab013Olsen LK, Heckenhauer J, Sproul JS, Dikow RB, Gonzalez VL, Kweskin MP, Taylor AM, Wilson SB, Stewart RJ, Zhou X, Holzenthal R, Pauls SU, Frandsen PB (2021) Draft Genome Assemblies and Annotations of Atopsychedavidsoni Sykora, 1991, a Model for Genome Research of High-Elevation Adaptations. Genome Biology and Evolution 14(1): evab286. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab286R\u00edos-Touma B, Holzenthal RW, R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales E, Heckenhauer J, Pauls SU, Storer CG, Frandsen PB (2021) De Novo Genome Assembly and Annotation of an Andean Caddisfly, Achoropsyche Holzenthal, 1984Amazonatolica Holzenthal & Pes, 2004Amphoropsyche Holzenthal, 1985Aymaradella Holzenthal, Blahnik & R\u00edos-Touma, 2018Fernandoschmidia Holzenthal & Andersen, 2007Mejicanotrichia Harris & Holzenthal, 1997Mortoniella (Nanotrichia) Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Neoathripsodes Holzenthal, 1989Notalina  Holzenthal, 1986Orinochotrichia Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Osflintia Calor & Holzenthal, 2008Tizatetrichia Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Contulmaadamsae Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmabacula Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmaboliviensis Holzenthal & Robertson, 2006Contulmacaldensis Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmacataracta Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmacolombiensis Holzenthal & Flint, 1991Contulmacostaricensis Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmaechinata Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmaecuadorensis Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmafluminensis Holzenthal & Robertson, 2006Contulmainornata Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmalanceolata Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmalina Holzenthal, R\u00edos-Touma & R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, 2017Contulmameloi Holzenthal & Robertson, 2006Contulmanevada Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmapaluguillensis Holzenthal & R\u00edos-Touma, 2012Contulmapapallacta Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmapenai Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmaquito Holzenthal, R\u00edos-Touma & R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, 2017Contulmasancta Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmasangay Holzenthal, R\u00edos-Touma & R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, 2017Contulmaspinosa Holzenthal & Flint, 1991Contulmatalamanca Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmatapanti Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmatica Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmatijuca Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Contulmatripui Holzenthal & Robertson, 2006Contulmavalverdei Holzenthal & Flint, 1995Austrotinodesabrachium Thomson & Holzenthal, 2010Austrotinodesbelchioris Thomson & Holzenthal, 2010Austrotinodesboliviensis Thomson & Holzenthal, 2010Austrotinodescressae Thomson & Holzenthal, 2010Austrotinodesdoublesi Munioz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 1993Austrotinodesinbio Munioz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 1993Austrotinodeslongispinum Thomson & Holzenthal, 2010Austrotinodestaquaralis Thomson & Holzenthal, 2010Canoptilawilliami Robertson & Holzenthal, 2006Culoptilabidentata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006Culoptilabuenoi Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006Culoptilacascada Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006Culoptilahamata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006Culoptilapararusia Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006Culoptilaplummerensis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006Culoptilatapanti Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006Culoptilaunispina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006Culoptilavexillifera Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2006Itauaraalexanderi Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauarabidentata Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauarablahniki Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauaracharlotta Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauaraemilia Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauaraflinti Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauaraguyanensis Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauarajamesii Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauarajulia Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauaralucinda Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauaraovis Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauaraperuensis Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauararodmani Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauarasimplex Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauaraspiralis Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauarastella Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauaratusci Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Itauaraunidentata Robertson & Holzenthal, 2011Mastigoptilacomplicornuta Holzenthal, 2004Mastigoptilaelae Holzenthal, 2004Mortoniellaacauda Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellaacutiterga Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaadamsae Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaagosta Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellaakantha Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellaakrogeneios Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaanakantha Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellaapplanata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaasymmetris Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellaauricularis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaaviceps Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellabarinasi Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellabiramosa Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellabocaina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellabothrops Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellabrachyrhachos Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellabrevis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellabuenoi Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellabulbosa Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellacarinula Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellacatherinae Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellacaudicula Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellachalalan Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellacognata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellacoheni Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellacornuta Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellacrescentis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellacressae Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellacroca Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellacurtispina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellacurvistylus Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortonielladentiterga Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortonielladinotes Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortonielladolonis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortonielladraconis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaemarginata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaesrossi Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellafalcicula Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellaflexuosa Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellafroehlichi Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellafurcula Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellagilli Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellagracilis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellagrandiloba Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaguahybae Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellaguyanensis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellahamata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellahystricosa Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellaintervales Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellalangleyae Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellalatispina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellalicina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellalongispina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellalongiterga Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellameloi Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellamembranacea Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellamexicana Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellamonopodis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellamunozi Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellaopinionis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellapanamensis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellapapillata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellaparaguaiensis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellaparameralda Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaparauna Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellaparaunota Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellapaucispina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellapectinella Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellapica Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaproakantha Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaprolata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellapropinqua Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellapumila Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellapusilla Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellaquadridactyla Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaquadrispina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellarectiflexa Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaredunca Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellarodmani Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellaruedae Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaschlingeri Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellasicula Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellasilacea Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellasimplicis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellasinuosa Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaspangleri Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaspatulata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellastilula Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellatanyrhabdos Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellatapanti Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellataurina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellatriangularis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellatridens Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellatripuiensis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellatriramosa Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellatruncata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellatusci Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellaumbonata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2008Mortoniellauruguaiensis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011Mortoniellavariabilis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellavenezuelensis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Mortoniellazamora Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2017Protoptilaaltura Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2006Protoptilabribri Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2006Protoptilachitaria Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2006Protoptilacristula Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2006Protoptiladiablita Robertson & Holzenthal, 2008Protoptilajolandae Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2006Protoptilajulieta Robertson & Holzenthal, 2008Protoptilakjeri Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2006Protoptilastrepsicera Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2006Protoptilatrichoglossa Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2006Tolhuacabrasiliensis Robertson & Holzenthal, 2005Helicopsychealajuela Johanson & Holzenthal, 2010Helicopsycheangeloi Holzenthal, Blahnik & Calor, 2016Helicopsycheauroa Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsychecamuriensis Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsychecirculata Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsychedisjuncta Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsychedorsocurvata Johanson & Holzenthal, 2010Helicopsychegolfitoensis Johanson & Holzenthal, 2010Helicopsycheguara Holzenthal, Blahnik & Calor, 2016Helicopsychelaneblina Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsychelara Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsychelazzariae Holzenthal, Blahnik & Calor, 2016Helicopsychelinabena Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsycheneblinensis Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsycheperija Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsychesuccincta Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsychesucrensis Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsychetachira Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Helicopsychevenezuelensis Johanson & Holzenthal, 2004Atopsycheallani Holzenthal & Cressa, 2002Atopsycheblahniki Santos & Holzenthal, 2012Atopsychegalharada Santos & Holzenthal, 2012Atopsycheparauna Santos & Holzenthal, 2012Atopsycherinconi Holzenthal & Cressa, 2002Atopsychesegninii Holzenthal & Cressa, 2002Smicrideafigueroai Holzenthal, 2004Smicridealourditae Pauls, Blahnik, Zhou, Wardwell & Holzenthal, 2010Smicrideanemorosa Holzenthal & Blahnik, 1995Smicrideapatinae Pauls, Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2010Smicrideasingri Holzenthal & Blahnik, 1995Smicrideatapanti Holzenthal & Blahnik, 1995Smicrideatravertinera Paprocki, Holzenthal & Cressa, 2003Alisotrichiatiza Harris & Holzenthal, 1993Angrisanoiaotarosa Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Angrisanoiashorti Thomson & Holzenthal, 2012Brediniaalza Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniadavenporti Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniaemarginata Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniaespinosa Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniaguanacasteca Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniamanabiensis Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniamexicana Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniapilcopata Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniaselva Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniaspangleri Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniasucrensis Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniavenezuelensis Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Brediniazulia Harris, Holzenthal & Flint, 2002Byrsopteryxabrelata Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Byrsopteryxchaconi Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Byrsopteryxcuchilla Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Byrsopteryxesparta Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Byrsopteryxespinhosa Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Byrsopteryxgomezi Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Byrsopteryxloja Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Byrsopteryxrayada Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Byrsopteryxsolisi Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Byrsopteryxtapanti Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Byrsopteryxtica Harris & Holzenthal, 1994Costatrichiacarara Holzenthal & Harris, 1999Costatrichiacressae Holzenthal & Harris, 1999Costatrichiaflinti Holzenthal & Harris, 1999Flintiellaalajuela Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Flintiellaastilla Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Flintiellaboraceia Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Flintiellaheredia Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Flintiellapanamensis Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Flintiellapizotensis Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Flintiellatamaulipasa Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Flintiellayanamona Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Hydroptilacarara Harris & Holzenthal, 1999Hydroptilacarolae Holzenthal & Kelley, 1983Hydroptilacressae Thomson & Holzenthal, 2012Hydroptiladisgalera Holzenthal & Kelley, 1983Hydroptilamaritza Harris & Holzenthal, 1999Hydroptilamaza Harris & Holzenthal, 1999Hydroptilanusagandia Harris & Holzenthal, 1999Hydroptilaosa Harris & Holzenthal, 1999Hydroptilaouachita Holzenthal & Kelley, 1983Hydroptilaparadenza Harris & Holzenthal, 1999Hydroptilapoirrieri Holzenthal & Kelley, 1983Hydroptilarastrilla Harris & Holzenthal, 1999Hydroptilaroberta Hamilton & Holzenthal, 1984Hydroptilasingri Harris & Holzenthal, 1999Hydroptilatridentata Holzenthal & Kelley, 1983Leucotrichiaangelinae Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiadenticulata Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiadianeae Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiafulminea Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiahispida Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiakateae Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiapectinata Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiarepanda Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiarhomba Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiariostoumae Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiasidneyi Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiatapantia Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Leucotrichiazopilote Holzenthal & Harris, 1999Mayatrichiaillobia Harris & Holzenthal, 1990Mejicanotrichiaestaquillosa Harris & Holzenthal, 1997Metrichiaacicula Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiaalajuela Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiaamplitudinis Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiaancora Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiaangulosa Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiabostrychion Thomson & Holzenthal, 2012Metrichiadecora Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiagordita Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichialuna Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiamagna Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiamechuda Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiameta Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiapicuda Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiaprolata Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiapseudopatagonica Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiasavegra Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiaseparata Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiasesquipedalis Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiaspica Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiatriquetra Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Metrichiatruncata Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003Nothotrichiamunozi Holzenthal & Harris, 2002Nothotrichiatupi Holzenthal & Harris, 2022Ochrotrichiaaffinis Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiaalargada Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiaamorfa Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiaassita Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiaavicula Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2008Ochrotrichiaavis Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1998Ochrotrichiabractea Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiacatarina Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiacitra Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiacompacta Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiaconformalis Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2008Ochrotrichiacurvata Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiacuspidata Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiadelgada Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiadulcea Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1998Ochrotrichiaindefinida Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiainvoluta Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiaixtlahuaca Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiajolandae Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2008Ochrotrichialeona Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichialongispina Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiamembrana Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1998Ochrotrichiapatulosa Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Ochrotrichiaquasi Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2008Ochrotrichiaquebrada Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1998Ochrotrichiaquinealensis Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1998Ochrotrichiaramona Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1998Ochrotrichiaregiomontana Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiasilva Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1998Ochrotrichiaspina Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiaspinula Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiaspira Thomson & Holzenthal, 2012Ochrotrichiaunicornia Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Ochrotrichiavieja Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1998Ochrotrichiayavesia Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2004Orinocotrichiacalcariga Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Oxyethiraapinolada Holzenthal & Harris, 1992Oxyethirabettyae Thomson & Holzenthal, 2012Oxyethiracuernuda Holzenthal & Harris, 1992Oxyethiraculebra Holzenthal & Harris, 1992Oxyethiraespinada Holzenthal & Harris, 1992Oxyethirahilosa Holzenthal & Harris, 1992Oxyethiraitascae Monson & Holzenthal, 1993Oxyethirakingi Holzenthal & Kelley, 1983Oxyethiraquiramae Thomson & Holzenthal, 2012Oxyethirarareza Holzenthal & Harris, 1992Oxyethiraredunca Thomson & Holzenthal, 2012Oxyethirasencilla Holzenthal & Harris, 1992Oxyethirasierruca Holzenthal & Harris, 1992Oxyethiratica Holzenthal & Harris, 1992Rhyacopsychebenwa Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Rhyacopsychebulbosa Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Rhyacopsychecolei Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Rhyacopsychecolombiana Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Rhyacopsychecolubrinosa Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Rhyacopsychedikrosa Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Rhyacopsycheflinti Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Rhyacopsychehasta Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Rhyacopsycheintraspira Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Rhyacopsycherhamphisa Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Rhyacopsychetanylobosa Wasmund & Holzenthal, 2007Tizatetrichiacostaricensis Harris, Flint & Holzenthal, 2002Tupiniquintrichiaprocera Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015Lepidostomachiriquiense Holzenthal & Strand, 1992Lepidostomaectopium Holzenthal & Strand, 1992Lepidostomapolylepidum Holzenthal & Strand, 1992Lepidostomatapanti Holzenthal & Strand, 1992Lepidostomaxolotl Holzenthal & Strand, 1992Adicellauwuensis Andersen & Holzenthal, 2002Amazonatolicahamadae Holzenthal & Oliveira Pes, 2004Amphoropsychearagua Holzenthal, 1985Amphoropsycheayura Holzenthal, 1985Amphoropsychecarchi R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, Holzenthal & R\u00edos-Touma, 2017Amphoropsychecauca Holzenthal, 1985Amphoropsychechoco Holzenthal, 1985Amphoropsycheflinti Holzenthal, 1985Amphoropsychematsigenka R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, Holzenthal & R\u00edos-Touma, 2017Amphoropsychenapo Holzenthal, 1985Amphoropsychequebrada Holzenthal, 1985Amphoropsychereal Holzenthal, 2016Amphoropsycherefugia Holzenthal, 1985Amphoropsychespinifera Holzenthal, 1986Amphoropsychestellata Holzenthal, 1985Amphoropsychetandayapa Holzenthal & R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, 2011Atanatolicaacuminata Holzenthal, 1988Atanatolicaandina R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, Holzenthal & R\u00edos-Touma, 2018Atanatolicaangulata R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, Holzenthal & R\u00edos-Touma, 2018Atanatolicaaurea Holzenthal, 1988Atanatolicacaldas Holzenthal, 1988Atanatolicachoco Holzenthal, 1988Atanatolicacotopaxi Holzenthal, 1988Atanatolicacurvata R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, Holzenthal & R\u00edos-Touma, 2018Atanatolicadecouxi R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, Holzenthal & R\u00edos-Touma, 2018Atanatolicaflinti Holzenthal, 2018Atanatolicamanabi Holzenthal, 2018Atanatolicamoselyi Denning & Holzenthal, 1988Atanatolicamuyupampa Holzenthal, 2018Atanatolicanigra Holzenthal, 2018Atanatolicanivea Holzenthal, 2018Atanatolicapanamensis Holzenthal, 2018Atanatolicapenai Holzenthal, 2018Atanatolicazongo Holzenthal, 2018Fernandoschmidiaamudita Holzenthal & Andersen, 2007Fernandoschmidiaaramaniya Holzenthal & Andersen, 2007Grumichellablahniki Calor & Holzenthal, 2016Grumichellaboraceia Calor & Holzenthal, 2016Grumichellacressae Calor & Holzenthal, 2016Grumichellajureia Calor & Holzenthal, 2016Grumichellaleccii Calor & Holzenthal, 2016Grumichellamuelleri Calor & Holzenthal, 2016Grumichellapaprockii Calor & Holzenthal, 2016Grumichellaparati Calor & Holzenthal, 2016Grumichellatrujilloi Calor & Holzenthal, 2016Nectopsycheexophthalma Holzenthal, 1995Nectopsychemonticola Holzenthal, 1995Nectopsychenavasi Holzenthal, 2000Nectopsycheonyx Holzenthal, 1995Nectopsycheortizi Holzenthal, 1995Nectopsychepadrenavasi Holzenthal, 2000Nectopsychetapanti Holzenthal, 1995Nectopsychetuanis Holzenthal, 1995Nectopsycheutleyorum Holzenthal, 1995Neoathripsodesanomalus Holzenthal, 1989Neoatriplectidesfroehlichi Holzenthal, 1997Notalinabrasiliana Holzenthal, 1986Notalinacipo Holzenthal, 1986Notalinafroehlichi Calor & Holzenthal, 2006Notalinahamiltoni Holzenthal, 1986Notalinamatthiasi Holzenthal, 1986Notalinamorsei Holzenthal, 1986Notalinananay Holzenthal, 1986Notalinapaulista Calor & Holzenthal, 2006Notalinaroraima Holzenthal, 1986Oecetisacciptrina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetisacuticlasper Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetisagosta Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetisangularis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetisapache Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetisbidigitata Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetisblahniki Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetiscalori Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetiscampana Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetiscarinata Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetiscassicoleata Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetisconstricta Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetisflinti Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetisgibbosa Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetishastapulla Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetishoughtoni Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetislicina Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetismachaera Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetismaritza Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetismexicana Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetispatula Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetispertica Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetisplenuspinosa Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetisprotrusa Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetisquasipunctata Quinteiro & Holzenthal, 2017Oecetissordida Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetistumida Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetisuncata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Oecetisverrucula Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2014Osflintiamanu Calor & Holzenthal, 2008Setodesarenatus Holzenthal, 1982Setodesdixiensis Holzenthal, 1982Tagalopsycheapratita Holzenthal & Andersen, 2007Tagalopsychejolandae Holzenthal & Andersen, 2007Tagalopsychekjaerandseni Holzenthal & Andersen, 2007Tagalopsycheudagama Holzenthal & Andersen, 2007Triaenodesacanthus Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodesakosua Andersen & Holzenthal, 2001Triaenodesakua Andersen & Holzenthal, 2002Triaenodesamma Andersen & Holzenthal, 2001Triaenodesbulupendek Andersen & Holzenthal, 1999Triaenodeschirripo Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodesclauseni Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodescuyotenango Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodesflintorum Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodesguadaloupe Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodeshansi Pauls, Holzenthal & Ngera, 2010Triaenodeshodgesi Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodeshornitos Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodeskilambe Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodeskofi Andersen & Holzenthal, 2002Triaenodeskwabena Andersen & Holzenthal, 2002Triaenodeskwadwo Andersen & Holzenthal, 2001Triaenodeskwaku Andersen & Holzenthal, 2002Triaenodeskwame Andersen & Holzenthal, 2002Triaenodeskwasi Andersen & Holzenthal, 2002Triaenodesmalickyi Pauls, Holzenthal & Ngera, 2010Triaenodesmexicanus Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodesmoncho Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodesmorai Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodesnicaraguensis Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodesoaxacensis Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodestajo Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodestalamanca Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodestapanti Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodestico Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodestuxtlensis Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triaenodeswoldai Holzenthal & Andersen, 2004Triplectideschilensis Holzenthal, 1988Triplectidesflintorum Holzenthal, 1988Triplectidesmisionensis Holzenthal, 1988Triplectidesneblinus Holzenthal, 1988Triplectidesneotropicus Holzenthal, 1988Triplectidesnevadus Holzenthal, 1988Triplectidestepui Holzenthal, 1988Triplectidesultimus Holzenthal, 1988Chimarraamica Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarraantheae Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarracaduca Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarracalori Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2012Chimarracauca Blahink & Holzenthal, 2012Chimarrachanchuluni Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarracolmillo Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarracurvipenis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2012Chimarracuspidata Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarracygnus Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarradanumensis Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarradejongi Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarradenticula Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarradesirae Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2012Chimarradevogeli Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarradrepane Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrafuilianae Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarraguanacasteca Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarragyrospina Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrainchoata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2012Chimarrajannekae Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrajanzeni Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarrajemima Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarrakarlijnae Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrakinabaluensis Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarralambi Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarralata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarralatiforceps Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2012Chimarraliwaguensis Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarralongiterga Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarramunozi Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarranicehuh Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2012Chimarranoloyan Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarranoohi Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarraonchyrhina Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2012Chimarraparaortiziana Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarrapeineta Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarraphillipsae Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarraphysanoton Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrapollex Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarrapreapicalis Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrascolops Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrasilausilau Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrasinitorum Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrasolisi Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarrasoroa Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2012Chimarrastenodactylus Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrasunima Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2012Chimarravantoli Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarravanwelzeni Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarraventritropis Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarravirgencita Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarraxiphosella Blahnik, Holzenthal & Huisman, 2009Chimarrayanura Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarrhodellachoco Holzenthal, Blahnik & R\u00edos-Touma, 2018Chimarrhodellacostaricensis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarrhodellaflinti Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarrhodellapilcopata Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarrhodellatapanti Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Chimarrhodellatobagoensis Blahnik & Holzenthal, 1992Hydrobiosellaandina Holzenthal, Blahnik & R\u00edos-Touma, 2018Wormaldiaandrea Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiaanhelitus Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiaaraujoi Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiaaymara Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiabarbai Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiabirneyi Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2008Wormaldiabolivari Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiaboteroi Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiabuenorum Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiacalderonae Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiachrismark Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiaclauseni Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2008Wormaldiacontrerasi Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiacornuta Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1986Wormaldiadachiardiorum Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiaeberhardi Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiaflinti Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiafrancovilla Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiafredycarol Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiagallardoi Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiagonzalezae Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiahedamafera Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiaimberti Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiaimbrialis Holzenthal, Blahnik & R\u00edos-Touma, 2018Wormaldiainca Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiaisela Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiajuarox Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldialauglo Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldialuma Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1986Wormaldiamachadorum Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiamaesi Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiamenchuae Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiamonsonorum Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldianavarroae Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiapaprockevi Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiasaboriorum Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiatarasca Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 1986Wormaldiatocajoma Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiatrondi Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiatupacamara Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiazunigae Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Wormaldiazunigarceorum Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 2015Cernotinaantonina Holzenthal & de Almeida, 2003Cernotinalazzarii Holzenthal & de Almeida, 2003Cernotinatiputini Camargos, R\u00edos-Touma & Holzenthal, 2017Cernotinawaorani Camargos, R\u00edos-Touma & Holzenthal, 2017Polycentropusacinaciformis Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusamphirhamphus Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusancistrus Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusboraceia Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropuscaaete Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropuscachoeira Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropuscarioca Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropuscarolae Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropuscheliceratus Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropuscipoensis Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropuscressae Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2005Polycentropusfasthi Holzenthal & Hamilton, 1988Polycentropusfluminensis Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusfortispinus Holzenthal & Hamilton, 1988Polycentropusfroehlichi Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusgalharada Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusgraciosa Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusinusitatus Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusitatiaia Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusminero Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusneblinensis Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2005Polycentropusnebulosus Holzenthal & Hamilton, 1988Polycentropuspaprockii Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusquadricuspidis Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2005Polycentropusrosalysae Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropussantateresae Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropussilex Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2005Polycentropussoniae Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusthaxtoni Hamilton & Holzenthal, 1986Polycentropustripui Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusurubici Holzenthal & De Almeida, 2003Polycentropusverruculus Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusvirginiae Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011Polycentropusvolcanus Holzenthal & Hamilton, 1988Polycentropuszurqui Holzenthal & Hamilton, 1988Polyplectropusadamsae Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusalatespinus Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusamazonicus Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusandinensis Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusbeccus Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2005Polyplectropusblahniki Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusbolivianus Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusbrasilensis Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusbrborichorum Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusclauseni Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal, 2004Polyplectropuscolombianus Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropuscorniculatus Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropuscressae Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropuscuzcoensis Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusecuadoriensis Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusexilis Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal, 2004Polyplectropusflintorum Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusgaesum Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusguyanae Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropushollyae Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropushymenochilus Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal, 2004Polyplectropushystricosus Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusinsularis Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusjuliae Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropuskanukarum Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropuskylistos Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal, 2004Polyplectropusmaculatus Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusmanuensis Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusmatatlanticus Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusminensium Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusnovafriburgensis Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusparadelphae Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal, 2004Polyplectropusperpendicularis Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal, 2004Polyplectropusperuvianus Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropuspetrae Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropuspratherae Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusprofaupar Holzenthal & De Almeida, 2003Polyplectropuspuyoensis Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusrobertsonae Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusrodmani Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusrondoniensis Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropustragularius Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropustripunctatum Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusvenezolanus Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropuswoldai Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropusyolandae Chamorro-Lacayo & Holzenthal, 2004Polyplectropuszamoranoensis Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Polyplectropuszuliae Chamorro & Holzenthal, 2010Notidobiellaamazoniana Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2011Notidobiellabrasiliana Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2011Notidobiellaecuadorensis Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2011Machairocentronchorotegae Vilarino & Holzenthal, 2020Machairocentroneugeniarguedasae Vilarino & Holzenthal, 2020Machairocentronkalinae Vilarino & Holzenthal, 2020Xiphocentronmoncho Munoz-Quesada & Holzenthal, 1997Alisotrichiaholzenthali Santos, 2011Alterosaholzenthali Blahnik, 2005Anchitrichiaholzenthali Ol\u00e1h & Flint, 2012Chimarraholzenthali Lago & Harris, 1987Corydalusralphi Martins, Azev\u00eado, Hamada & Contreras, 2022Helicopsycheholzenthali Johanson, 2003Helicopsycheralphi Cavalcante-Silva, Pereira & Calor, 2022Hydroptilaholzenthali Sykora & Harris, 1994Kisauraholzenthali Phander & Saini, 2014Leucotrichiaholzenthali Thomson, Armitage & Harris, 2022Mariliaholzenthali Bueno-Soria & Rojas-Ascencio, 2004Metalypeholzenthali Neoathripsodesholzenthali Dias, Quinteiro & Calor, 2015Notalina  ralphi Silva Pereira, Oliveira, Robson Desid\u00e9rio, Calor & Hamada, 2022Phylloicusholzenthali Prather, 2003Polycentropusholzenthali Bueno-Soria & Hamilton, 1986Silvataresholzenthali R\u00e1zuri-Gonzales, Ngera & Pauls, 2022Smicrideaholzenthali Flint & Denning, 1989Smicridearalphi Almeida & Flint, 2002"}
{"text": "Correction: J Exp Ortop 9, 59 (2022)10.1186/s40634-022-00497-5Following publication of the original article , the autDemirhan B, Yaman M, Cengiz A, Saritas N & G\u00fcnay M (2015) Comparison of Ice Massage versus Cold-Water Immersion on Muscle Damage and DOMS Levels of Elite Wrestlers, The Anthropologist, 19:1, 123-129, DOI: 10.1080/09720073.2015.11891646Instead of:Yaman M, Nazmi S & Cengiz A (2015) Comparison of Ice Massage versus Cold-Water Immersion on Muscle Damage and DOMS Levels of Elite Wrestlers. Anthropologist. DOI:10.1080/09720073.2015.11891646The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "To The EditorRpl24Bst allele reduces gene expression by 40% and results in a white belly spot and kinked tail of variable severity and penetrance   to 4 (severe) for mice generated in our previous study  . Suppresnception . We therus study a. The cof 3 of 8 a. In com73A mice b.Figure\u00a0Rpl24Bst and Eef2kD273A mutations on melanocytes using the Dct-lacZ system  promoter, allowing whole-mount visualization and quantification of melanocyte location. On embryonic day 13.5, melanocytes are transiting the forelimbs of embryos, with the fraction of melanocyte-positive forelimb a metric for changes in melanocyte migration. We observe a significant reduction in melanocyte migration in Rpl24Bst/+ embryos, consistent with their belly spots in adulthood, whereas the inactivation of eEF2K has no effect  when expected at 1 in 2 and Rpl24Bst/+Eef2kD273A/D273A mice even less frequently at 1 in 5 (20.7%) , we found this to be significantly different  a. Unexpeifferent a. Thus, ve eEF2K b. From tp53 in Rpl24Bst variants reversed belly-spot and tail defects while also reducing the ratio of Rpl24Bst/+ mice . Mice were maintained in open-top cages with a 12-hour light/dark cycle and free access to water and diet. Experiments were initiated on inbred C57BL/6J male and female mice aged between 6 and 12 weeks, without blinding or randomization.No datasets were generated or analyzed during this study.http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-5484John R. P. Knight: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6442Christopher G. Proud: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8504-1191Giovanna Mallucci: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-9254Tobias von der Haar: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-4724C. Mark Smales: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-8531Anne E. Willis: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-3010Owen J. Sansom: OJS reports funding unrelated to work in this project from Astra Zeneca, Novartis, RedX, and Cancer Research Horizons. The remaining authors state no conflict of interest.The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and interpretation or in the decision to submit the work for publication.Conceptualization: JRPK, OJS; Formal Analysis: Funding Acquisition: GM, TvdH, CMS, AEW, OJS; JRPK; Investigation: JRPK; Methodology: JRPK; Project Administration: JRPK, OJS; Resources: CGP; Supervision: OJS; Writing - Original Draft Preparation: JRPK; Writing - Review and Editing: JRPK, CGP, GM, TvdH, CMS, AEW, OJS"}
{"text": "Ensovibep is a multi-specific DARPin (designed ankyrin repeat protein) antiviral in clinical development for treatment of COVID-19. In the Phase 2 EMPATHY study, ensovibep demonstrated greater viral load decline versus placebo. Here we report (1) the efficacy of ensovibep in patients with and without anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline and (2) SARS-CoV-2 mutation emergence data with treatment.Eligible ambulatory patients with \u22652 COVID-19 symptoms (onset within 7 days) and positive SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test on day of dosing, were randomized (1:1:1:1) to ensovibep  or placebo as single, IV infusion. Chemiluminescent immunoassays were used for antibody detection (SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG and SARS-CoV-2 IgM). A pre-specified subgroup analysis was performed based on baseline anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody status. Analysis of changes in viral genome from baseline to post baseline was performed to evaluate treatment-emergent mutations.10 SARS-CoV-2 viral load (mean \u00b1SD) was similar across groups ; > 90% were infected with the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant. SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction up to Day 8 showed similar effects in favor of ensovibep compared with placebo regardless of the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies . Patients in ensovibep 75 mg, 600 mg, and placebo groups had comparable incidences of emergent mutations, with a higher incidence in the 225 mg group. Based on analysis of 70% of the expected viral sequencing data, two mutations in the key binding residues of ensovibep were observed (Y489H and F486L) in a total of three patients treated with ensovibep. These patients either cleared virus by Day 8 or mutations were transient (occurred at a single time point but not later in the course of infection).Of the patients analyzed, 48.5% had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline. Baseline logEnsovibep effectively reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral load regardless of the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline. Furthermore, there were no emerging mutations of concern, indicating that a single dose administration of ensovibep is associated with minimal selective pressure.Marc Bonten, MD, PhD, Astra-Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Novartis: Advisor/Consultant Richa Chandra, MD, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employee Damodaran Solai Elango, MD, Novartis Healthcare Pvt Ltd: Employee Pierre Fustier, PhD, Molecular Partners AG: Employee Kinfemichael Gedif, PhD, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employee Susana Goncalves, MD, Novartis Pharma AG: Employee Awawu Igbinadolor, MD, Novartis: Awawu Igbinadolor reports financial support from different pharmaceutical companies and organizations Jeff Kingsley, DO, MBA, CPI, FACRP, Centricity Research: Other Charles G. Knutson, PhD, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research: Employee Petra Kukkaro, PhD, Novartis Pharma AG: Employee Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, MD, Novartis: Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy reports financial support from different pharmaceutical companies and organizations Philippe Legenne, MD, Molecular Partners AG: Employee Martha Mekebeb-Reuter, MD, Novartis: Martha Mekebeb-Reuter reports financial support from different pharmaceutical companies and organizations Krishnan Ramanathan, MD, Novartis Pharma AG: Employee Evgeniya Reshetnyak, PhD, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employee Michael Robinson, PhD, Novartis Institute for Tropical Disease: Employee Jennifer Rosa, MD, Novartis: Jennifer Rosa reports financial support from different pharmaceutical companies and organizations Marianne Soergel, MD, Molecular Partners AG: Employee Vaia Stavropoulou, PhD, Molecular Partners AG: Employee Nina Stojcheva, PhD, Molecular Partners AG: Employee Michael T. Stumpp, PhD, Molecular Partners AG: Employee Andreas Tietz, MD, Novartis Pharma AG: Employee Xiaojun Zhao, PhD, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research: Employee Zhaojie Zhang, PhD, 8. Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research: Employee."}
{"text": "Mucosal vaccination may offer increased protection against SARS-CoV-2 compared to parental immunization. Here, we describe immunogenicity and efficacy following viral challenge in non-human primates after intranasal delivery of three unique non-replicating adenoviral vector vaccine (rAd5) candidates.50 in nasal washes and bronchial lavage fluid post challenge.African green monkeys (AMG) were prime boost immunized 29 days apart with vaccine candidates either expressing the parental spike protein alone (Wuhan-S), spike plus nucleocapsid (Wuhan-S-N), or the spike protein from the beta variant (beta-S). Serum and nasal swabs were collected every 14 days and humoral responses to full length spike (S) and receptor binding domain (RBD) were assessed. All AMGs were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (beta variant) on day 56. Viral loads measured every two days by TCID50 in the nasal passages and reduced viral load in bronchial lavage fluid compared to unvaccinated controls.Mucosal immunization with Wuhan-S induced significant increases in serum IgG and IgA responses against the homologous parental lineage, as well as beta, delta, and omicron variants. In nasal samples, Wuhan-S immunization elicited over 500-fold increases in in cross-reactive IgA against multiple variants of concern including delta and omicron. While the beta-S rAd5 vaccine candidate induced enhanced serum IgG responses to homologous S and RBD proteins, this approach resulted in less cross-reactive antibodies to other variants compared to Wuhan-S rAd5 vaccine. Despite the differences in the ability to elicit cross-reactive antibody responses, all vaccinated AMGs challenged with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (beta variant), had a significant reduction in viral titers by TCIDThese results demonstrate mucosal administration of rAd5 clinical candidate vaccine, Wuhan-S, is immunogenic and offers cross-protective humoral responses in both serum and nasal compartments against a mismatched SARS-CoV-2 challenge virus.Becca A. Flitter, PhD, MPH, Vaxart Inc: Stocks/Bonds Sarah N. Tedjakusuma, n/a, Vaxart Inc: Stocks/Bonds Colin A. Lester, n/a, Vaxart Inc: Stocks/Bonds Elena D. Neuhaus, n/a, Vaxart Inc: Stocks/Bonds Susan Johnson, PhD, Vaxart Inc: Stocks/Bonds Emery G. Dora, n/a, Vaxart Inc: Stocks/Bonds Nadine Peinovich, MPH, Vaxart Inc: Stocks/Bonds Clara B. Jegede, n/a, Vaxart Inc: Stocks/Bonds Sean N. Tucker, PhD, Vaxart Inc: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Correction: J Exp Clin Cancer Res 41, 100 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-022-02319-zFollowing publication of the original article , an erroReference 48. Zhao Z, Liang S, Sun F. LncRNA DLX6-AS1 Promotes Malignant Phenotype and Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer by Inducing LARGE Methylation. Front Oncol. 2020;10:1172.Reference 53: Wu DM, Zheng ZH, Zhang YB, Fan SH, Zhang ZF, Wang YJ, et al. Downregulated lncRNA DLX6-AS1 inhibits tumorigenesis through STAT3 signaling pathway by suppressing CADM1 promoter methylation in liver cancer stem cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019;38:237.Reference 55. Qi X, Yu XJ, Wang XM, Song TN, Zhang J, Guo XZ, et al. Knockdown of\u00a0KCNQ1OT1 Suppresses Cell Invasion and Sensitizes Osteosarcoma Cells to CDDP by Upregulating DNMT1-Mediated Kcnq1 Expression. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2019;17:804\u201318.Reference 61: Xu SF, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Wang P, Niu CM, Wu T, et al. Long Non-coding RNA LINC00628 Interacts Epigenetically with the LAMA3 Promoter and Contributes to Lung Adenocarcinoma. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2019;18:166\u201382.Reference 63: Wang SL, Huang Y, Su R, Yu YY. Silencing long non-coding RNA HOTAIR exerts anti-oncogenic effect on human acute myeloid leukemia via demethylation of HOXA5 by inhibiting Dnmt3b. Cancer Cell Int. 2019;19:114.The reference citations and their respective bibliographic details have been deleted. The correction does not have any effect on the results or conclusions of the paper. The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "QW BRII-778 dosing may have advantages over once daily rilpirvirine in terms of patient convenience, and treatment adherence. Multiple MR formulations of rilpivirine were evaluated in healthy adult subjects in this Phase 1 study.BRII-778 is a modified release (MR) formulation of rilpivirine for once-weekly (QW) oral administration. BRII-778 aims to prolong oral absorption, lower CThis was a Phase 1, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, study of single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) cohorts, evaluating the safety, tolerability, and PK of BRII-778. Three MR formulations of rilpivirine, BRII-778-A1, -A2, and -A3, were evaluated in this study. Rilpivirine PK profiles after single or multiple doses of the three BRII-778 formulations were characterized under the fed state over the dose range of 150 mg to 750 mg. Food effect was assessed after a single oral dose of BRII-778-A3 750 mg. Exploratory concentration-QTc (C-QTc) analysis was conducted using combined SAD and MAD data.BRII-778 as single dose or multiple doses was generally safe and well-tolerated when administered to healthy adult subjects. There were no Grade \u22653 AEs, SAEs or AEs leading to withdrawal in BRII-778 dosing arms. PK profiles of BRII-778 were consistent with slower oral absorption with MR formulation. The increase in exposure was less than dose proportional. Mild accumulation in plasma was observed after 3 QW BRII-778-A3 doses. BRII-778-A3 750 mg under the fed state enhanced bioavailability by improving gastric dissolution and/or subsequent absorption. Exploratory C-QTc analysis confirmed a concentration-dependent effect on the QTc interval with escalating doses of BRII-778, but the interpretations are limited by small sample size. There were no clinically significant EKG changes and no individual subject met QTc stopping criteria.SAD and MAD administration of BRII-778 formulations were generally safe and well tolerated. Rilpivirine PK profiles post BRII-778 dosing supports further evaluation of BRII-778 for potential QW regimen.David A. Margolis, MD MPH, Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Ji Ma, PhD, Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Michael Watkins, PharmD, Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Yujin Wang, M.Sc., Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Chetana Trivedi, B.A., Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Xuelian Wei, PhD, Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Lijie Zhong, PhD, Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Kamlesh Patel, PhD, Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Li Yan, MD PhD, Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Zhi Hong, PhD, Brii Biosciences: Ownership Interest Jean-Luc Girardet, PhD, Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds Lianhong Xu, PhD, Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "J Clin Endo Metab. 2021; doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab842), the following error occurred in Table 2:In the above-named article by Sovio U, Goulding N, McBride N, Cook E, Gaccioli F, Charnock-Jones DS, Lawlor DA, and Smith GCS (P-value\u201d should read \u201cAdjusted.\u201dThe fourth column heading \u201cAdjusted The publisher acknowledges the error.The manuscript has been corrected online.10.1210/clinem/dgab842doi:"}
{"text": "Prompt appropriate antimicrobial therapy is crucial for suspected or confirmed invasive infections. The S. aureus (\u22640.12 mg/L) was used for in vitro comparison only.587 CoNS isolates (1/patient) were consecutively collected in 30 US centers in 2017-2019. Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI-TOF, and susceptibility testing using CLSI broth microdilution methodology in a central laboratory. CLSI breakpoints were applied for comparators and the ORI susceptible (S) breakpoint for S. epidermidis , followed by S. hominis , S. capitis , S. lugdunensis , and S. haemolyticus . 12 other species represented < 10 (1.5%) isolates each. Overall, 59.1% of isolates were methicillin-resistant (MR), with the highest rate in Sepi (73.2%), followed by Shae (68.0%), Shom (46.8%), and Scap (30.2%). No MR isolates were detected in Slug. ORI  inhibited 96.1% of CoNS at \u22640.12 mg/L. Linezolid , daptomycin , and vancomycin  were also active against CoNS. ORI displayed similar MIC50 (0.03-0.06 mg/L) and MIC90 (0.12-0.25 mg/L) values against Sepi, Shom, Scap, and Shae, and inhibited 96.0%, 96.1%, 97.7%, and 84.0% of these isolates at \u22640.12 mg/L, respectively. All Slug isolates were inhibited by ORI at \u22640.015 mg/L. ORI inhibited 94.8% of all MRCoNS at \u22640.12 mg/L, and 95.5%, 94.4%, 92.3%, and 82.4% of MR Sepi, Shom, Scap, and Shae species, respectively. VAN, DAP, and LZD inhibited 100.0%, 100.0%, and 93.9% of MRCoNS isolates at their susceptible breakpoints, respectively.The most common species were ORI was highly active and inhibited \u226596% of all CoNS and individual species ( >10 isolates) at \u22640.12 mg/L, regardless of methicillin profile, except for Shae. VAN, DAP, and LZD were also active against CoNS causing BSI in US medical centres.Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Jennifer M. Streit, BS, MT(ASCP), Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Office for Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "AGricultural workers and Respiratory Impact (AGRI) study, we evaluated the clinical and socioeconomic burdens of respiratory disease in a cohort of Guatemalan banana farm workers.In the Guatemala \u00ae), and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were tested in a subset using a lentivirus-based pseudovirion assay.All eligible workers were offered enrollment from June 15\u2013December 30, 2020, and annually, then followed for influenza-like illnesses (ILI) through: 1) self-reporting to study nurses, 2) sentinel surveillance at health posts, and 3) absenteeism. Workers with ILI submitted nasopharyngeal swabs for influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 testing, then completed surveys at days 0, 7, and 28. Enrollment and acute-illness serum samples were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG . Notably, in < 6 months from enrollment, most workers with follow-up NAb testing  exhibited a 95% decrease in neutralizing antibody titers.Through October 10, 2021, 1,833 workers were enrolled. The majority were male (84%), young (mean 31 years), and healthy (< 13% had comorbidity). Through October 10, 2021, 1,833 workers developed 169 ILIs (12.0/100 person-years) and 43 (25.4%) of these ILIs were laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (3.1/100 person-years). Workers with SARS-CoV-2-positive ILI reported more anosmia (p< 0.01), dysgeusia (p< 0.01), difficulty concentrating (p=0.01), and irritability (p=0.01), and greater clinical and well-being severity scores (Flu-iiQ) than test-negative ILIs ; they also had greater absenteeism (p< 0.01) and lost income . Among 1334 workers enrolled in 2020, 616 (46.2%) had anti-N IgG suggestive of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 incidence density for IgG-seropositive workers was 0.4/100 Person \u2013 Years (P \u2013 Y), lower than those who were seronegative (2.3/100 P \u2013 Y) . At enrollment, anti-N IgG titers in serum correlated with neutralizing antibody titers (RGuatemalan farm workers suffered a significant burden of COVID-19, including more severe clinical and economic outcomes than other respiratory illnesses. Ongoing vaccination programs and longitudinal serology will provide additional insight into long-term immunity.Daniel Olson, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Grant/Research Support Diva M Calvimontes, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Molly Lamb, PhD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Edwards Kathryn, MD, Bionet: Advisor/Consultant|IBM: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Data Monitoring Committee|Moderna: Data Monitoring Committee|Pfizer: Data Monitoring Committee|Roche: Data Monitoring Committee|Sanofi: Data Monitoring Committee|Seqirus: Data Monitoring Committee|X-4 Pharma: Data Monitoring Committee Edwin J. Asturias, MD, Curevac: DSMB Member|Fundacion para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos: Board Member|Inovio: DSMB Member|Merck: Honoraria|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Epidemiology of facial fractures: incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study. Inj Prev 2020;26:i27\u2013i35. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043297Lalloo R, Lucchesi LR, Bisignano C, The author Navid Manafi\u2019s surname was incorrectly spelt as 'Manaf'."}
{"text": "Cerambycinae has remained at 16 during the last 40 years.Despite the recent advancement of faunal research of longhorned beetles in South Korea, the number of tribes of Stenopterini Gistel, 1848 and Thraniini Gahan, 1906, are reported for the first time in Korea by species Merionoeda (Macromolorchus) hirsuta  and Thraniusvariegatus Bates, 1873, respectively. Morphological comments, biological observations and illustrations of both species are provided. An updated key to tribes of Korean cerambycinae is also provided.In this paper, two cerambycine tribes,  Cerambycinae  is the second-largest group amongst six cerambycid subfamilies , comprising approximately 1,700 genera and 11,000 species globally  hirsuta  and Thraniusvariegatus Bates, 1873, respectively.The subfamily globally . Ceramby6 tribes . Even th6 tribes  and a fehttp://www.zerenesystems.com/cms/stacker). To examine male and female genitalia, the specimens were relaxed in distilled water for two to four hours at room temperature. Then the genitalia were separated from the last abdomen segment using a hooked pin or forceps, without removing the abdomen. Separated genitals were immersed in 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution at room temperature for eight to twelve hours, depending on the sample condition. For the illustration of genital structure, a microscope  with a USB digital camera  was used.Samples used in this study were deposited in SNU  and private collections of H. Jang and S. Oh. Photographs of dorsal and ventral habitus were captured by a Canon digital camera EOS 80d, Canon MP-E 65 mm f/2.8 1\u20135\u00d7 macro lens or Tamron SP 60 mm F/2.0 lens mounted. Multiple image stacking was conducted by Zerene Stacker 1.04 software 3EE3703B-C3CA-5C6F-A976-B70730B6D173Hakatahirsuta Mitono & Nishimura, 1936: 34.Hakataklapperichi Tippmann, 1955: 100.Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: S.H. Oh; individualCount: 11; sex: 9\u2642, 2\u2640; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Merionoeda (Macromolorchus) hirsuta ; Location: country: South Korea; stateProvince: Jeollanam-do; locality: Geumja-ri, Busan-myeon, Jangheung-gun; Event: eventDate: 17.vii.2019; Record Level: institutionCode: Private Collection of S. H. OhType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: H. Jang; individualCount: 139; sex: 137\u2642, 2\u2640; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Merionoeda (Macromolorchus) hirsuta ; Location: country: South Korea; stateProvince: Jeollanam-do; locality: Geumja-ri, Busan-myeon, Jangheung-gun; Event: eventDate: 17.vii.2021; Record Level: institutionCode: Private collection of H. JangBody length 10-14 mm , China, Japan, Taiwan.Mallotusjaponicus (Thunb.) Muell. Arg. The population size in the site seems remarkably high as 139 beetles were caught in a few hours. The number of males visiting flowers is approximately ten times larger than that of females.Emergence begins in early July in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Beetles are most active in warm clear weather and visit the male flower of Bates, 18730A4050CF-1B1A-5FB7-8455-56C51BBE6FB9Thraniusvariegatus Bates, 1873: 196.Thraniussapporensis Kano, 1933: 132.Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Seunghyun Lee; individualCount: 1; sex: 1\u2640; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Thraniusvariegatus Bates, 1873; Location: country: South Korea; stateProvince: Jeju-do; locality: Namjo-ro, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-si; Event: eventDate: 28.vii.2016; Record Level: institutionCode: SNUBody length of examined female 13.4 mm Fig. A and B. Korea (new record), Japan, Taiwan.No additional beetles have been collected after the first discovery, though we launched numerous flight intercept traps every year at the same spot."}
{"text": "Candida, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis spp. We evaluated the in vitro activity of RZF, caspofungin (CSF), micafungin (MCF), and anidulafungin (ANF) against a worldwide collection of fungal isolates causing invasive infection.Rezafungin (RZF) is a once-weekly echinocandin (ECH) with a long half-life and front-loaded drug exposure. RZF is in development to treat candidemia and invasive candidiasis and prevent invasive fungal disease caused by C. albicans , C. glabrata , C. parapsilosis , C. tropicalis , C. dubliniensis , C. krusei , Cryptococcus neoformans  A. fumigatus , and A. section Flavi . CLSI criteria was applied, including the recently approved rezafungin provisional breakpoints against Candida spp.830 isolates were collected from Europe , North America , Asia-Pacific , and Latin America , identified by MALDI-TOF and/or sequencing, and tested by CLSI broth microdilution. Isolates included 50/90 in Table) at the susceptibility (S) breakpoint (BP). RZF had similar activity to the other ECHs against CA (99.7%S), CG (95.7-96.3%S), CT (100.0%S), CK (100.0%S), and CD . Although CSF displayed lower MIC50/90 values (0.25/0.25 mg/L) than RZF , MCF , and ANF  against CP, all ECHs but ANF (87.2%S) inhibited 100% of CP isolates at the respective BP. Only 1 CA (EU), 1 CD (EU), and 3 CG (NA) were non-S to RZF, while 1 CA (EU), 6 CG , and 19 CP  were ANF non-S. Limited activity was noted for all ECHs against CN . All AF isolates were inhibited by RZF at \u2264 0.06 mg/L, and ANF, MCF, and CSF at \u2264 0.12 mg/L. RZF  and other ECHs  were also active against 7 voriconazole non-S AF isolates . RZF and other ECHs inhibited all ASF isolates at \u2264 0.06 mg/L.RFZ inhibited 99.7% of CA, 98.1% of CG, 95.2% of CD, and all CP, CT, and CK , Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Paul Rhomberg, BS, MT(ASCP), Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Greg Strand, MLS (ASCP)CM, Cidara: Grant/Research Support Abby L. Klauer, BS, Cidara: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16642-0, published online 21 July 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 7, which was incorrectly given as:et al. Utility of including passive neutron albedo reactivity in an integrated NDA system for encapsulation safeguards.\u00a0ESARDA Bull.\u00a056, 12\u201318 (2018).Tobin, S. J. The correct reference is listed below:Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research section a-Accelerators spectrometers detectors and associated equipment. 897, 32\u201337 (2018).Tobin, S. J., Peura, P., B\u00e9langer-Champagne, C., Moring, M., Dendooven, P., & Honkamaa, T. Measuring spent fuel assembly multiplication in borated water with a passive neutron albedo reactivity instrument. The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Case Rep, 11, 2021, was published with an error in the author's name in How to cite.Due to copyediting error the article \u201cFatal hemorrhage from peripheral varicose vein rupture\u201d (DOI On How to cite, where the text reads:https://doi.org/10.4322/acr.2021.330How to cite: Gentile G, Tambuzzi S, Boracchi M, Gobbo A, Bailo P, Zoia R. Fatal hemorrhage from peripheral varicose vein rupture. Autops Case Rep [Internet]. 2021;11:e2021330. It should read:https://doi.org/10.4322/acr.2021.330How to cite: Gentile G, Tambuzzi S, Boracchi M, Del Gobbo A, Bailo P, Zoia R. Fatal hemorrhage from peripheral varicose vein rupture. Autops Case Rep [Internet]. 2021;11:e2021330. The publisher apologizes for the errors."}
{"text": "PTMs occur virtually on all kinds of amino acid residues in numerous proteins and are mostly catalyzed by means of specific enzymes. Among the prominent amino acids that undergo PTMs are lysine, arginine, proline, cysteine, threonine, serine, tyrosine, and glutamate. Their PTMs include acetylation , methylation (4593 articles), and glycation (4684 articles) in addition to the most widely occurring PTMs phosphorylation  and ubiquitination (9882 articles)  are since decades in the focus of interest of scientists from various disciplines. Search in the PubMed databank (es) Fig.\u00a0. Hypusines) Fig.\u00a0. Advancees) Fig.\u00a0.Fig. 1NuAmino Acids, a journal dedicated to amino acid, peptide and protein research, organized a special issue on PTMs. The current issue of Amino Acids is entirely dedicated to the second part of the special issue. It includes seven review articles, six original research papers, and a protocol article, written by leading scientists in the area of PTMs.Dr. M.H. Park\u2019s group was the first to report on the identification of hypusine in a protein from human lymphocytes and of spermidine as its biosynthetic precursor  with water. The CA-catalyzed hydratation of CO2 belongs to the fasted known reactions in nature and plays several roles in health and disease. This enzyme family is also of particular pharmacological importance. Specific and potent inhibitors of CA activity are highly desired, notably for the treatment of cancer (Supuran Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of metallo-enzymes that catalyze a very simple chemical reaction, i.e., the reaction of carbon dioxide  structural data on PTM sites in proteins cysteine in mouse tissues  and R. Rossi  are leading in the area of oxidative stress. The authors provide a detailed protocol that is used in their groups to measure The PTM special issue (part I and part II) collects only a small fraction of articles. Nevertheless, we hope that this work will contribute to the research of the exciting and challenging topic of PMTs and spur on young scientists.Prior to closing this special issue, we would like to thank the authors for their contributions and the reviewers for their honorary engagement to improve the papers by providing constructive criticism and helpful suggestions. We express our sincere thanks to all participants for their patience during the COVID-19 pandemic.Tsikas D (2022).https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03023-6. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34273022.(1) Park MH, Kar RK, Banka S, Ziegler A, Chung WK (2021) Post-translational formation of hypusine in eIF5A: implications in human neurodevelopment. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03120-6. Online ahead of print. PMID: 35000000 Review.(2) Kaiser A, Agostinelli E (2022) Hypusinated EIF5A as a feasible drug target for Advanced Medicinal Therapies in the treatment of pathogenic parasites and therapy-resistant tumors. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03056-x.(3) Hu S, He W, Wu G (2022) Hydroxyproline in animal metabolism, nutrition, and cell signaling. Amino Acids. 4) Ruse CI, Hang Chin HG, Pradhan S (2022) Polyglutamylation: biology and analysis. Amino Acids. 10.1007/s00726-022-03146-4https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03063-y. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34436666 Review.(5) Di Fiore A, Supuran CT, Scaloni A, De Simone G (2022) Post-translational modifications in tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03085-6. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34669011.(6) Est\u00e9vez M, D\u00edaz-Velasco S, Mart\u00ednez R (2022) Protein carbonylation in food and nutrition: a concise update. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03119-z. Online ahead of print. PMID: 35020020.(7) de Brevern AG, Rebehmed J (2022) Current status of PTMs structural databases: applications, limitations and prospects. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03024-5. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34181092.(8) Marsden AJ, Riley DRJ, Birkett S, Rodriguez-Barucg Q, Guinn BA, Carroll S, Ingle L, Sathyapalan T, Beltran-Alvarez P (2022) Love is in the hair: arginine methylation of human hair proteins as novel cardiovascular biomarkers. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03004-9. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34453584.(9) Sandberg MW, Bunkenborg J, Thyssen S, Villadsen M, Kofoed T (2022) Characterization of a novel\u2009+\u200970-Da modification in rhGM-CSF expressed in E. coli using chemical assays in combination with mass spectrometry. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03031-6. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34251524.(10) Baskal S, Bollenbach A, Mels C, Kruger R, Tsikas D (2022a) Development, validation of a GC\u2013MS method for the simultaneous measurement of amino acids, their PTM metabolites and AGEs in human urine, and application to the bi-ethnic ASOS study with special emphasis to lysine. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03042-3. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34250558.(11) Baskal S, B\u00fcttner P, Werner S, Besler C, Lurz P, Thiele H, Tsikas D (2022b) Profile of urinary amino acids and their post-translational modifications (PTM) including advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) of lysine, arginine and cysteine in lean and obese ZSF1 rats. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-022-03130-y. Online ahead of print. PMID: 35166937.(12) Katsuta N, Takahashi H, Nagai M, Sugawa H, Nagai R (2022) Changes in S-(2-succinyl)cysteine and advanced glycation end-products levels in mouse tissues associated with aging. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03087-4. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34657206.(13) Padilla P, Andrade MJ, Pe\u00f1a FJ, Rodr\u00edguez A, Est\u00e9vez M (2022) An in vitro assay of the effect of lysine oxidation end-product, \u03b1-aminoadipic acid, on the redox status and gene expression in probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri PL503. Amino Acids. S-glutathionylated proteins by HPLC. Amino Acids. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03015-6. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34129091.(14) Giustarini D, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R (2022) Measurement of"}
{"text": "Adenovirus (AdV) is a common cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI). Multiple respiratory AdV types have been identified in humans, but it remains unclear which are the most common in U.S. children with ARI.We conducted a multicenter, prospective viral surveillance study at seven U.S. children\u2019s hospitals, the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, during 12/1/16\u201311/30/19, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Children < 18 years of age seen in the emergency department or hospitalized with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled, and mid-turbinate nasal +/- throat swabs were tested using multiplex respiratory pathogen assays or real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for AdV, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV), influenza, parainfluenza viruses, and endemic coronaviruses. AdV-positive specimens were subsequently typed using single-plex qPCR assays targeting sequences in the hexon gene specific for types 1-7, 11, 14, 16 and 21. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were compared between AdV types.Figure\u00a01a). Demographic and clinical characteristics varied by AdV types, including age, race/ethnicity, smoke exposure, daycare/school attendance, and hospitalization (Table\u00a01). Co-detection with other viruses was common among all AdV types, with RV and RSV being the most frequently co-detected . Fever and cough were the most common symptoms for all AdV types . Children with AdV-7 detected as single pathogen had higher odds of hospitalization .Of 29,381 enrolled children, 2,106 (7.2%) tested positive for AdV. The distribution of types among the 1,330 (63.2%) successfully typed specimens were as follows: 31.7% AdV-2, 28.9% AdV-1, 15.3% AdV-3, 7.9% AdV-5, 5.9% AdV-7, 1.4% AdV-4, 1.2% AdV-6, 0.5% AdV-14, 0.2% AdV-21, 0.1% AdV-11, and 7.0% \u22651 AdV type. Most children with AdV-1 or AdV-2 detection were < 5 years of age , FIDSA, F(AAM), BioFire: Grant/Research Support|Luminex: Grant/Research Support John Williams, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|Quidel: Advisor/Consultant Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|National Institute of Health: Grant/Research Support|Uptodate: Royalties Christopher J Harrison, MD, Astellas: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pediatric news: Honoraria|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mary E. Moffatt, M.D., Becton and Dickinson and Company: Stocks/Bonds|Biogen: Stocks/Bonds|Coloplast B: Stocks/Bonds|Express Scripts: Stocks/Bonds|Novo Nordisk A/S Spons ADR: Stocks/Bonds|Novo Nordisk A/S-B: Stocks/Bonds|Steris PLC: Stocks/Bonds|Stryker Corp: Stocks/Bonds|Thermo Fisher Scientific: Stocks/Bonds Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck & Co.: Honoraria|Merck & Co.: Honoraria for composing and reviewing textbook chapters, Merck Manual of Therapeutics Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Natasha B. Halasa, MD, Quidel: Grant/Research Support|Quidel: equipment donation|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: HAI testing and vaccine donation."}
{"text": "Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-021-24023-w, published online 17 June 2021.Correction to: Earth-Sci. Rev. 159, 47\u201357 (2016). The correct reference for Ref. 70 is: Brikiatis, L. The De Geer, Thulean and Beringia routes: key concepts for understanding early Cenozoic biogeography. J. Biogeogr. 41: 1036-1054 (2014). This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.The original version of this Article contained an error in Ref. 70, which incorrectly gave the reference as: Brikiatis, L. Late Mesozic North Atlantic land bridges."}
{"text": "Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-022-30357-w, published online 16 May 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article omitted from the author list the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th authors Joseph Bocchini , Soumita Das , Jane C. Burns  and Debashis Sahoo . Additionally, the original version of this Article omitted to indicate Jane C. Burns and Debashis Sahoo as co-corresponding authors together with Pradipta Ghosh. The contact information for the corresponding authors of this Article is \u2018Jane C. Burns, M.D.; Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Director, Kawasaki Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0641, La Jolla, CA 92093-0641 Phone: 858-246-0155: Email: jcburns@health.ucsd.edu\u2019, \u2018Debashis Sahoo, Ph.D; Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0703, Leichtag Building 132; La Jolla, CA 92093-0703 Phone: 858-246-1803: Fax: 858-246-0019: Email: dsahoo@ucsd.edu\u2019 and \u2018Pradipta Ghosh, M.D.; Professor, Departments of Medicine, and Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 232, 239; La Jolla, CA 92093. Phone: 858-822-7633: Fax: 858-822-7636: Email: prghosh@ucsd.edu\u2019. Furthermore, the list of members of the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Kawasaki Disease Research.Group provided at the end of the Article erroneously included Joseph Bocchini, Soumita Das, Jane C. Burns and Debashis Sahoo.Finally, the Acknowledgements section erroneously reported the grants iDASH U54HL108460 and R01HL140898 being awarded to J.C.B. and A.H.T. The correct grants awarded to J.C.B and A.H.T. are PreVAIL R61HD105590 and R01HL140898.These errors have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article."}
{"text": "Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16(2):342-352. doi:10.7150/ijbs.38112) has been retracted due to concerns on multiple image duplications as identified by PubPeer users. This raises concerns about the integrity of the data presented in the paper.The article (Chen F, Wu J, Teng J, Li W, Zheng J, Bai J. HCRP-1 regulates cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis via Src/ FAK signaling in human prostate cancer."}
{"text": "Proc. R. Soc. B288, 20212005. Published online 27 October 2021. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.2005)Correction details:Author Rory P. Wilson's affiliations should also include the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior:Swansea Laboratory for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UKMax Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany"}
{"text": "Pholcusyichengicus species-group currently contains 37 species. It is distributed in central and south-eastern China and Thailand, except for P.guani Song & Ren, 1994 from Liaoning Province, north-eastern China and P.clavatus Schenkel, 1936 which is widely distributed in the country.The Pholcusbajia sp. nov. is described as a new species of the P.yichengicus species-group collected from Hebei Province, China. Pholcidae C.L. Koch, 1850 contains 96 genera and 1850 species  to dissolve soft tissues before illustration. Images were captured with a Canon EOS 750D wide zoom digital camera (24.2 megapixels) mounted on the stereomicroscope mentioned above and assembled using Helicon Focus 3.10.3 image stacking software . All mea20EAAAAE-DCEF-59AD-B874-A0538B5299EBFF35AB52-DBFC-4F2D-BFF8-33DA23A8EF69Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zhiyuan Yao, Ying Lu and Fangyu Zhao; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: order: Araneae; family: Pholcidae; genus: Pholcus; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hebei; municipality: Chengde; locality: Bajia Town; verbatimLocality: roadside of S358; verbatimElevation: 447 m a.s.l.; verbatimLatitude: 40\u00b038.46'N; verbatimLongitude: 118\u00b017.63'E; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; year: 2021; month: 7; day: 28; Record Level: institutionCode: SYNU-Ar00247Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zhiyuan Yao, Ying Lu and Fangyu Zhao; individualCount: 3; sex: 1 male, 2 females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: order: Araneae; family: Pholcidae; genus: Pholcus; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hebei; municipality: Chengde; locality: Bajia Town; verbatimLocality: roadside of S358; verbatimElevation: 447 m a.s.l.; verbatimLatitude: 40\u00b038.46'N; verbatimLongitude: 118\u00b017.63'E; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; year: 2021; month: 7; day: 28; Record Level: institutionCode: SYNU-Ar00248\u201300250Male (holotype): Total length 5.31 (5.54 with clypeus), carapace 1.31 long, 1.87 wide, opisthosoma 4.00 long, 1.70 wide. Leg I: 48.10 , leg II missing, leg III: 22.32 , leg IV: 30.61 ; tibia I L/d: 71. Eye sizes and their interdistances: PME 0.19, PME\u2013PME 0.29, PME\u2013ALE 0.04, AME 0.13, AME\u2013AME 0.08. Sternum wider than long (1.28/0.95). Habitus as in Fig. Female: Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. Variation: Tibia I in the paratype male (SYNU-Ar00248): 11.20. Tibia I in a paratype female (SYNU-Ar00250): 8.20.P.harveyi Zhang & Zhu, 2009 (see P.harveyi) and ventral membranous process , by uncus medially protruding , by appendix with subdistal membranous branch , by external female genitalia nearly anchor-shaped  and by vulval anterior arch crescent-shaped .The species resembles 2009 see D, but caThe specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition.China (Hebei, type locality; Fig. The species was found on rock walls."}
{"text": "In: Parry AE, Kirk MD, Durrheim DN, Olowokure B, Colquhoun S, et al. Emergency response and the need for collective competence in epidemiological teams. Bull World Health Organ. 2021 May 1;99(5):351\u2013358, On page 357, reference 13 should read as follows: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00603-1Parry AE, Kirk MD, Durrheim DN, Olowokure B, Colquhoun S, et al. Shaping applied epidemiology workforce training to strengthen emergency response: a global survey of applied epidemiologists, 2019\u20132020. Hum Resour Health 19, 58 (2021)."}
{"text": "Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. PLOS ONE 16(1): e0244673. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244673The second author\u2019s first and last name are incorrectly switched. The correct name is Ozioma F. Nwabor. The correct citation is: Ontong JC, Nwabor OF, Voravuthikunchai SP, Chusri S (2021) Synergistic antibacterial effects of colistin in combination with aminoglycoside, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, fosfomycin, and piperacillin on multidrug resistant In"}
{"text": "Brain 2021;awab177. doi:10.1093/brain/awab177Diego L. Lorca-Puls, Andrea Gajardo-Vidal, David W. Green, Cathy J. Price. Reply: Broca\u2019s area: why was neurosurgery neglected for so long when seeking to re-establish the scientific truth? The publishers apologize for an error in the title of the article. This has been corrected."}
{"text": "TOCIVID-19 investigators, Italy were only available in the supplementary file. The original article has been updated so that the collaborators are correctly acknowledged.Following publication of the original article  the authFor clarity, all collaborators are listed in this correction article.AcknowledgementList of participating centres and Co-InvestigatorsTOCIVID-19 InvestigatorsIstituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli\u2014Clinical Trials Unit: Francesco Perrone, Maria Carmela Piccirillo, Clorinda Schettino, Adriano Gravina, Piera Gargiulo, Claudia Cardone, Laura Arenare; Melanoma And Cancer Immunotherapy And Developmental Therapeutics Unit: Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Maria Grazia Vitale, Claudia Trojaniello, Marco Palla; Direction: Attilio Antonio Montano Bianchi, Gerardo Botti, Gianfranco De Feo, Leonardo Miscio.Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Medicina Preventiva; Ciro Gallo, Paolo Chiodini.IRCCS Policlinico San Donato\u2014Milano: Laurenzia Ferraris, Massimiliano M. Marrocco-Trischitta, Marco Froldi, Lorenzo Menicanti, Maria Teresa Cuppone, Giulia Gobbo, Chiara Baldessari, Vincenzo Valenti, Serenella Castelvecchio, Federica Poli, Francesca Giacomazzi, Rosangela Piccinni, Maria Laura Annnunziata, Andrea Biondi, Cecilia Bussolari, Manuel Mazzoleni, Andrea Giachi, Annalisa Filtz, Arianna Manini, Enrico Poletti, Federico Masserini, Francesco Conforti, Gianfranco Gaudiano, Vittoria Favero, Alice Moroni, Tommaso Viva, Fabiana Fancoli, Davide Ferrari, Dario Niro, Marco Resta, Andrea Ballotta, Marco Dei Poli, Marco Ranucci.ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII\u2014Bergamo: Diego Ripamonti, Francesca Binda, Alessandra Tebaldi, Giuseppe Gritti, Luisa Pasulo, Leonardo Gaglio, Roberto Del Fabbro, Leonardo Alborghetti.ASST Monza\u2014Monza: Paolo Bonfanti, Nicola Squillace, Giulia Giustinetti, Paola Columpsi, Marina Cazzaniga, Serena Capici, Luca Sala, Riccardo Di Sciacca, Giacomo Mosca, Maria Rosa Pirozzi.ASST degli Spedali Civili di Brescia e Universit\u00e0 di Brescia\u2014Brescia: Francesco Castelli, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Franco Franceschini, Aldo Roccaro, Massimo Salvetti, Anna Paini, Luciano Corda, Chiara Ricci, Lina Tomasoni, Paola Nasta, Silvia Lorenzotti, Silvia Odolini, Emanuele Foc\u00e0, Eugenia Quiros Roldan, Marco Metra, Stefano Magrini, Paolo Borghetti, Nicola Latronico, Simone Piva, Matteo Filippini, Gabriele Tomasoni, Francesco Zuccal\u00e0, Sergio Cattaneo, Francesco Scolari, Nicola Bossini, Mario Gaggiotti, Martina Properzi.Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti\u2014Latina: Miriam Lichtner, Emanuela Del Giudice, Raffaella Marocco, Anna Carraro, Cosmo Del Borgo, Raffaella Marocco, Valeria Belvisi, Tiziana Tieghi, Margherita De Masi, Paola Zuccal\u00e0, Paolo Fabietti, Angelo Vetica, Vito Sante Mercurio, Anna Carraro, Laura Fondaco, Blerta Kertusha, Ambrogio Curtolo, Emanuela Del Giudice, Riccardo Lubrano, Maria Gioconda Zotti, Antonella Puorto, Marcello Ciuffreda, Antonella Sarni, Gabriella Monteforte, Domenico Romeo, Emanuela Viola, Carla Damiani, Antonietta Barone, Barbara Mantovani, Daniela Di Sanzo, Vincenzo Gentili, Massimo Carletti, Massimo Aiuti, Andrea Gallo, Piero Giuseppe Meliante, Salvatore Martellucci, Oliviero Riggio, Vincenzo Cardinale, Lorenzo Ridola, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi, Stefania Gioia, Emiliano Valenzi, Camilla Graziosi, Niccol\u00f2 Bina, Martina Fasolo, Silvano Ricci, Maria Teresa Gioacchini, Antonella Lucci, Luisella Corso, Daniela Tornese, Parni Nijhawan, Francesco Equitani, Carmine Cosentino, Marcello Palladino, Frida Leonetti, Gaetano Leto, Camillo Gnessi, Giuseppe Campagna, Roberto Cesareo, Francesca Marrocco, Giuseppe Straface, Alessandra Mecozzi, Lidia Cerbo, Valentina Isgr\u00f2, Sergio Parrocchia, Giuseppe Visconti, Giorgio Casati.AOU di Parma\u2014Parma: Carlo Calzetti, Alarico Ariani, Lorenzo Donghi.AOUI di Verona\u2014Verona: Nicola Duccio Salerno, Evelina Tacconelli, Marco Bertoldi, Paolo Cattaneo, Lorenza Lambertenghi, Leonardo Motta, Luca Omega.Humanitas Gavazzeni\u2014Bergamo: Giovanni Albano.AORN Dei Colli\u2014Napoli: Roberto Parrella, Fiorentino Fraganza, Luigi Atripaldi, Vincenzo Montesarchio, Francesco Scarano, Annunziata De Rosa, Amalia Buglione, Sabrina Lavoretano, Gianfranco Gaglione, Mario De Marco, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Francesco Maria Fusco, Rosaria Viglietti, Elio Manzillo, Carolina Rescigno, Raffaella Pisapia, Giulia Plamieri, Alberto Maraolo, Giosu\u00e8 Calabria, Mario Catalano, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Anna Annunziata, Giorgio Polistina, Pasquale Imitazione, Mariano Mollica, Vincenzo Esposito, Maurizio D\u2019Abraccio, Rodolfo Punzi, Vincenzo Bianco, Costanza Sbreglia.Azienda Ospedaliera Umberto I\u2014Siracusa: Rosa Fontana Del Vecchio, Alessandro Bordonali, Antonina Franco.Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS\u2014Reggio Emilia: Carlo Salvarani, Marco Massari, Giovanni Dolci, Pierpaolo Salsi, Matteo Fontana.ASST di Cremona\u2014Cremona: Giuseppe Virz\u00ec, Calderone Ornella, Alfredo Molteni.Azienda Ospedaliera San Salvatore\u2014Pesaro: Silvia Gennarini, Umberto Gnudi, Maria Anastasia Ricci, Giancarlo Titolo, Giulio Mensi, Pietro Vuotto, Beatrice Gasperini, Mauro Mancini, Zeno Pasquini.Ospedale Bassini\u2014Cinisello Balsamo: Paolo Spanu, Stefano Clementi, Simona Pierini, Daniela Bokor, Daniela Gori, Morena Ciofetti, Marina Caimi, Laura Bettazzi, Elisabetta Allevi, Silvia Furiani, Chiara Capitanio, Bernardino Mastropasqua, Claudio Fara, Grazia Pulitan\u00f2, Jun Sebastian Matsuno, Francesca Della Porta, Viola Dolfini, Nebiat Balei Beyene.ASST Degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia\u2014Brescia: Michela Bezzi, Mauro Novali.AOU di Bologna\u2014Bologna: Pierluigi Viale, Sara Tedeschi, Renato Pascale.Policlinico S. Matteo\u2014Pavia: Raffaele Bruno, Alessandro Di Filippo, Michele Sachs, Tiberio Oggionni, Michele Di Stefano, Caterina Mengoli.Ospedale di Conegliano\u2014Conegliano: Cesarina Facchini, De Nardo Daniele.Azienda Ospedaliera San Salvatore\u2014Pesaro: Gabriele Frausini, Luciano Mucci, Silvia Tedesco, Rita Girolimetti, Elena Manfredini, Anna Maria Di Carlo, Emma Espinosa, Donatella Dennetta.AOU di Parma\u2014Parma: Andrea Ticinesi, Tiziana Meschi, Antonio Nouvenne.Azienda Ospedaliera Ordine Mauriziano\u2014Torino: Norbiato Claudio, Francesco Vitale, Marta Saracco.Ospedale Guglielmo Da Saliceto\u2014Piacenza: Mauro Codeluppi, Elisa Fronti, Patrizia Ferrante.Ospedale di Fermo\u2014Fermo: Giorgio Amadio Nespola.AOU di Perugia\u2014Perugia: Daniela Francisci, Andrea Tosti.Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza\u2014San Giovanni Rotondo: Cristiano Matteo Carbonelli, Antonio Greco, Maria Giulia Tinti.Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero\u2014Brescia: Roberto Stellini, Camilla Appiani, Piera Reghenzi.Ospedale Morgagni-Pierantoni\u2014Forl\u00ec: Venerino Poletti, Claudia Ravaglia.Ospedale Area Aretina Nord\u2014Arezzo: Danilo Tacconi, Costanza Malcontenti.AOU \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d\u2014Novara: Pier Paolo Sainaghi, Raffaella Landi, Veronica Vassia, Eleonora Rizzi, Mattia Bellan, Antonella Rossati, Luigi CastelloPoliclinico Umberto I\u2014Roma: Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Gianluca Russo.Presidio Ospedaliero di Jesolo\u2014Jesolo: Toffoletto Fabio, Francesco Saverio Serino, Lucio Brollo, Elena Momesso, Maria Luisa Turati.ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo\u2014Milano: Antonella D'arminio Monforte, Giulia Marchetti.Ospedale Civile di Guastalla\u2014Guastalla: Fabrizio Boni, Elisabetta Teopompi, Chiara Trenti, Luca Boracchia, Enrica Minelli, Matteo Fontana, Giulia Ghidoni, Anaflorina Matei, Andrea Caruso.AO Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia e Cervello\u2014Palermo: Giuseppe Arcoleo, Gaetana Camarda, Filippo Catalano, Mario Spatafora.Ospedale Sacra Famiglia, Fatebenefratelli\u2014Erba: Donato Bettega.AOU Policlinico Tor Vergata\u2014Roma: Massimo Andreoni, Elisabetta Teti, Loredana Sarmati, Andrea Di Lorenzo, Mariagrazia Celeste.Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud\u2014Padova: Fabio Baratto, Jacopo Monticelli, Pietro Criveller.Ospedale San Paolo\u2014Savona: Antonini Andrea, Anselmo, Riccio.ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia\u2014Brescia: Maurizio Castellano, Carlo Cappelli, Federica Corvini, Barbara Zanini.ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Presidio Ospedaliero Gardone\u2014Brescia: Massimo Crippa, Maurizio Ronconi, Raffaella Costa, Silvia Casella, Loretta Brentana.Ospedale Civile e Ospedale Dell'Angelo\u2014Mestre: Livio Bernardi, Andrea Frascati, Sandro Panese, Fabio Presotto, Lucio Michieletto, Cristina Bernardi.Ospedale Santa Maria Delle Croci\u2014Ravenna: Maurizio Fusar.Presidio Ospedaliero di Cesena\u2014Cesena: Vanni Agnoletti, Martina Farina, Russo.AOU Careggi\u2014Firenze: Federico Lavorini, Roberta Ginanni.Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive INMI L. Spallanzani, IRCCS\u2014Roma: Fabrizio Palmieri, Silvia Mosti.Casa Di Cura Beato Palazzolo\u2014Bergamo: Angelo Amaglio, Alessandra Cattaneo.Istituto Clinico S. Ambrogio Spa\u2014Milano: Silvia Cirri, Andrea Montisci, Chiara Gallazzi, Daniele Cosseta, Barabara Baronio, Lorenzo Rampa.AO Sant\u2019Anna e San Sebastiano\u2014Caserta: Paolo Maggi, Vincenzo Messina.Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS\u2014Reggio Emilia: Emanuele Alberto Negri, Chiara Trenti.Ospedale Generale Provinciale\u2014Macerata: Marialma Berlendis, Maria Cecilia Sabatti.Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria\u2014Terni: Michele Palumbo.ASST Ovest Milanese\u2014Milano: Antonino Mazzone, Paola Faggioli.Ospedale Bellaria\u2014Bologna: Linda Bussini, Giacomo Fornaro, Francesca Volpato.Ospedale Maria Vittoria\u2014Torino: Daniele Imperiale, Emilpaolo Manno, Enrico Ferreri, Domenico Martelli, Andrea Verhovez, Silvia Giorgis, Luciana Faccio, Rachele Delli Quadri, Cristina Negro.Ospedale Giovanni Bosco\u2014Torino: Marcella Converso, Francesca Bosco.ASST Desenzano Del Garda\u2014Gavardo: Silvia Amadasi, Paolo Prandini, Silvia Cocchi.Azienda ULSS 6\u2014Vicenza: Vinicio Manfrin, Veronica Del Punta.PO Sant\u2019Elia\u2014Caltanissetta: Giovanni Mazzola, Giuseppe Sportato.Ospedale Ca\u2019 Foncello\u2014Treviso: Micaela Romagnoli.Ospedale Infermi\u2014Rimini: Francesco Cristini, Francesca Facondini, Tiziana Perin, Andrea Boschi.AOU di Modena\u2014Modena: Cristina Mussini, Marianna Meschiari, Giovanni Guaraldi.Presidio Ospedaliero San Luca\u2014Lucca: Sara Modica, Sara Moneta, Daniela Boccalatte, Clara Ricci, Valentina Marchetti.ASST Desenzano Del Garda\u2014Ospedale Di Manerbio: Silvia Amadasi, Gabriele Ebbreo, Michael Dal\u00e8, Paolo Tura.AO Spedali Civili, PO Montichiari\u2014Brescia: Damiano Rizzoni, Gianluca Edoardo Mario Boari, Silvia Bonetti.Ospedale San Liberatore di Atri\u2014Teramo: Enrico Marini, Italiani Daniele.ASST Dei Sette Laghi\u2014Varese: Paolo Antonio Grossi, Nichola Walter Delfrate.Ospedale Aziendale Di Bressanone\u2014Bressanone: Othmar Bernhart, Gilbert Spizzo, Klaus Mahlknecht, Thomas Volkl.Ospedale San Jacopo\u2014USL Toscana Centro\u2014Pistoia: Massimo Antonio Di Pietro, Michele Trezzi, Cecilia Monacci.Ospedale di Rovigo\u2014Rovigo: Adriano Peris, Manuela Bonizzoli.Ospedale Guglielmo Da Saliceto\u2014Piacenza: Luigi Cavanna, Carlo Moroni, Elisa Maria Stroppa, Alessandra Manini.ASST Garda\u2014Ospedale Civile La Memoria\u2014Gavardo: Maria Cristina Savio, Francesca Gatti, Clara Bartolaminelli.Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive INMI L. Spallanzani, IRCCS\u2014Roma: Nicola Petrosillo, Davide R. Donno, Fabrizio Taglietti, Simone Topino, Pierangelo Chinello, Vincenzo Galati.Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive INMI L. Spallanzani, IRCCS\u2014Roma: Gianpiero D'offizi, Chiara Taibi.Ospedale Fiorentino\u2014Firenze: Barbara Cimolato, Federico Moroni, Nicolas Palagano, Lorenzo Pelagatti, Seravalle Cristiana, Giancarlo Landini.Azienda Ospedaliera S. G. Moscati\u2014Avellino: Maria Amitrano, Mariangela Raimondo, Sara Mangiacapra, Annamaria Romano, Mariangela Atteno.Ospedale S. M. Annunziata\u2014AUSL Toscana Centro\u2014Grassina: Pierluigi Blanc, Lorenzo Roberto Suardi, Carlo PallottoOspedale F. Spaziani\u2014Frosinone: Katia Casinelli, Ilaria Uccella.Ospedale S. Giuseppe\u2014Milano: Sergio Harari, Antonella Caminati.Ospedale Amedeo Di Savoia\u2014Torino: Filippo Lipani, Giovanni Di Perri, Andrea Calcagno, Guido Calleri, Chiara Montrucchio, Anna Maria Caputo.Presidio Ospedaliero S. Maria Del Carmine\u2014Rovereto: Susanna Cozzio, Livia Delle Donne.AO Policlinico Ospedale S. Martino\u2014Genova: Matteo Bassetti, Mikulska Malgorzata, Laura Ambra Nicolini, Chiara Russo, Chiara Sepulcri, Sabrina Beltramini, Federica Mina.ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda\u2014Milano: Massimo Puoti, Anna Gandino, Thomas Langer, Federico D'amico.ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia\u2014Brescia: Marialma Berlendis, Chiara Rocchetti, Francesca Cettolo.Presidio Ospedaliero Aziendale, AUSL Parma\u2014Parma: Frausini Gabriele, Pietro Bocchi.Ospedale Pavullo nel Frignano\u2014Modena: Giorgio Cioni, Cinzia Cappi.AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u2014Ospedale Le Molinette\u2014Torino: Silvia Corcione, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Silvia Scabini, Francesca Canta, Simone Mornese Pinna, Anna Pensa.Ospedale San Giuseppe\u2014AUSL Toscana Centro\u2014Empoli: Pierluigi Blanc, Lorenzo Roberto Suardi, Carlo Pallotto.Azienda Ospedaliera Sant\u2019Andrea\u2014Roma: Monica Rocco, Maria Teresa Cirasa.AOU Careggi\u2014Firenze: Michele Spinicci, Jessica Mencarini, Lorenzo Zammarchi.Presidio Ospedaliero Unificato\u2014San Remo: Cenderello Giovanni, Katiuscia Sciol\u00e8.Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Maria della Misericordia\u2014Udine: Flavio Bassi.Casa Di Cura S. Rita\u2014Milano: Michele Bianchi, Sillia Frigerio.Ospedale F. Spaziani\u2014Frosinone: Sandra Spaziani, Antonia Nucera.AO Luigi Sacco\u2014Milano: Giuliano Rizzardini, Maria Vittoria Cossu, Marco Antivalle.AOU Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele\u2014Catania: Giuseppe Carpinteri.Presidio Ospedaliero Riuniti\u2014Reggio Calabria: Sebastiano Macheda, Demetrio Labate.ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda\u2014Milano: Maurizio Bottiroli.Ospedale V. Fazzi\u2014Lecce: Anacleto Romano.Ospedale Generale Regionale\u2014Bolzano: Elke Maria Erne, Zocchetti Cristina.Ospedale Mazzini\u2014Teramo: Valeria Di Biase.ASST di Cremona\u2014Cremona: Fabio Malberti, Alfredo Molteni.ASST degli Spedali Civili di Brescia\u2014Brescia: Giovanni Montani, Paolo Poisa, Daniela Bettini.Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2014Roma: Roberto Cauda, Arturo Ciccullo.Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria\u2014Negrar (Verona): Niccol\u00f2 Riccardi, Andrea Angheben.Ospedale Valduce Dous\u2014Como: Mauro Turrini, Raffaella Clerici, Angelo Gardellini, Luigi Liparulo, Tizana Rossini.PO SS. Annunziata\u2014Chieti: Claudio Ucciferri, Francesco Cipollone, Jacopo Vecchiet.Ospedale S. G. Moscati\u2014ASL Taranto\u2014Taranto: Andrea Nico, Lorenzo Marra, Armando Leone, Antonia Sdanganelli, Giuseppe Antonio Palmiotti, Giancarlo D\u2019Alagni.AOU Opsedali Riuniti\u2014Foggia: Teresa Antonia Santantonio, Sergio Lo Caputo, Irene Bottalico.AO Sant\u2019Anna e San Sebastiano\u2014Caserta: Antonio Ponticiello, Felicia Di Perna.Ospedale Ca\u2019 Foncello\u2014Treviso: Enrico Bernardi, Angela Beltrame, Stefania Bravi, Marco David, Paola Bernardi.Ospedale G.Tatarella\u2014Cerignola (Foggia): Dario Galante.ASST Franciacorta\u2014Presidio Ospedaliero di Iseo: Maria Cristina Uccelli, Katiela Prestini, Monica Drera, Enea Zini, Alessio Peregrinelli, Laura Blanzuoli.Ospedale di Mondov\u00ec\u2014ASL CN1\u2014Cuneo: Valentina Benedetti, Rovberta Calvi, Nadia Scaglione, Gabriella Nallino.IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi Spa\u2014Milano: Maurizio Bonazzi, Tiziano Crespi, Tiziana Masolin.Ospedale Delmati\u2014Sant Angelo Lodigiano: Angelo Regazzetti, Maria Chiara Cerri, Elena Maffezzini, Manuela Piazza, Claudia Papetti, Claudia De Filippi, Elena Roveda, Giuseppe Cipolla, Mariano Scozzafava, Monica Crepaldi, Sonia Henchi, Nicol\u00f2 Vanoni, Alice Repossi, Monia Vezzoli, Eva Scorletti, Orietta Perugini, Simone Marino Pasini, Veronica Pacetti, Luisella Ferrari, Giovanna Attilia de Paduanis, Sara del Duca, Francesca dell\u2019Ara, Alessandra Brocchieri, Guja Minoja, Enrico Storti, Loredana Pitagora, Isabella Costa, Fanny Delfanti, Matteo Orlandi.AO Ospedale Niguarda Ca Granda\u2014Milano: Ruggero Ruggeri, Lorenzoa Ruggieri.AO S. Giovanni Bosco\u2014Torino: Sergio Livigni, Daniela Silengo.AO Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi\u2014Varese: Walter Ageno.Ospedale Bolognini\u2014Seriate: Luciano Pedrini.Ospedale Sant\u2019Andrea\u2014La Spezia: Stefania Artiol.Ospedale Di Senigallia\u2014Senigallia: Laura Morbidoni.ASST di Mantova\u2014Mantova: Giuseppe De Donno, Viviana Ravagnani, Francesco Inglese.Ospedale Ca\u2019 Foncello\u2014Treviso: Pier Giorgio Scotton.Ospedale Civile Di Saluzzo\u2014ASL CN1\u2014Cuneo: Paolo Costantini, Maurizio Delucchi.AOU di Modena\u2014Modena: Enrico Clini.Ospedale Di Senigallia\u2014Senigallia: Andrea Ansuini.Ospedale San Bassiano\u2014Bassano Del Grappa: Baiocchi Marco, Lain Giuseppe.Presidio Ospedaliero Aziendale AUSL Parma\u2014Fidenza: Brianti Vincenzo, Gianni Rastelli.AOU di Padova\u2014Padova: Andrea Doria, Andrea Vianello, Anna Maria Cattelan, Sara Bindoli, Mara Felicietti.ASST di Crema\u2014Crema: Ciro Canetta, Alessandro Scartabellati, Silvia Accordino.PO Sant'Ottone Frangipane\u2014Ariano Irpino: Maurizio Ferrara, Livio Cocco, Fernanda Cirillo, Erminio Pace, Monica De Caro, Marielisa Alberico, Giovanni Benigni, Terenzio Damiano, Pierluigi Fusco, Angela Iuorio, Giacomo Torretta.Ospedale S. Carlo Borromeo\u2014Milano: Milena Racagni, Stefano Muttini.ASST della Valle Olona\u2014Busto Arsizio: Girolamo Sala, Paolo Ghiringhelli.PO Maria SS. Addolorata\u2014Eboli: Fernando Chiumiento, Laura Baccari.Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova\u2014Reggio Emilia: Enrica Minelli, Boracchia Luca, Federica Bocchi, Francesco Benatti, Jacopo Catellani.Ospedale di Belluno\u2014Belluno: Marina Coppola.AOU di Ferrara\u2014Ferrara: Alberto Papi.Ospedale di Conegliano\u2014Conegliano: Enrico Bosco.AO Universitaria Careggi\u2014Firenze: Mnuela Bonizzoli, Chiara Lazzeri.Ospedale Della Misericordia\u2014Grosseto: Nencioni Cesira, Camilla Puttini, Tiziana Carli, Leonardo Croci, Marta Corridi.Ospedale di Stato di San Marino: Massimo Arlotti, Giulio Guerrini.Presidio Ospedaliero Unico AV4\u2014Fermo: Luisanna Cola, Michela Romanelli.AOU Ospedali Riuniti\u2014Ancona: Marina Bonifazi, Stefano Gasparini, Federico Mei, Elisabetta Cerutti.AO Ospedali Riuniti\u2014Foggia: Donato Lacedonia.Istituto Clinico Humanitas\u2014Rozzano: Armando Santoro, Giacomo Maria Guidelli.Ospedale Generale Provinciale\u2014Saronno: Stefano Greco, Andrea Castellan, Gessica Infantino, Laura Camici.Ospedale S. M. Annunziata, AUSL Toscana Centro\u2014Grassina: Francesca Covani Frigieri, Vittorio PavoniAOU Senese\u2014Siena: Lucia Migliori, Barbara Rossetti, Francesca Montagnini.PO Mauro Scarlato\u2014Scafati: Immacolata Mauro, Elvira Genovese, Antonio Capuozzo, Leonarda Vitiello, Emanuele Sirignano.ASST della Franciacorta\u2014Chiari: Paolo Gnesin.AOU Federico II\u2014Napoli: Giuseppe Servillo, Alfredo Marinelli.AOU di Sassari\u2014Sassari: Daniela Pasero, Lorenzo Casadio, Sergio Babudieri, Giordano Madeddu, Andrea De Vito, Lorenzo Casadio, Melania Ranghitta.ASST di Cremona\u2014Cremona: Rodolfo Passalacqua, Fioravanti Antonio, Alfredo Molteni.AOU Federico II\u2014Napoli: Ivan Gentile, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Riccardo Scotto, Emanuela Zappulo.AO S. G. Moscati\u2014Avellino: Giuseppina Dell'Aquila.Istituto Clinico S.Anna\u2014Brescia: Angel Bianchetti, Fabio Guerini.PO Jazzolino\u2014Vibo Valentia: Alfredo Vallone, Peppino Oppedisano.Ospedale Teresa Masselli Mascia Di San Severo\u2014Foggia: Dario Galante.Ospedale S. Anna\u2014Como: Luigi Pusterla, Omar Giglio.P. O. Maria SS. Addolorata\u2014Eboli: Grazia Russo.ASST degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia\u2014Brescia: Enrico Sartori, Cristina Zanardini.Ospedale Sen. A. Perrino\u2014Brindisi: Pietro Gatti, Valiani Vincenzo.Ospedale Amedeo Di Savoia\u2014Torino: Guido Calleri.ASST di Lecco\u2014Lecco: Stefania Piconi, Chiara Molteni.ASST di Bergamo Ovest\u2014Bergamo-Treviglio: Giuseppina Dognini.Ospedale Castel San Giovanni, Covid Hospital\u2014Piacenza-Castel San Giovanni: Franco Cosimo.PO Umberto I\u2014Enna: Luigi Guarneri, Fabrizio Pulvirenti.Stabilimento Ospedaliero Castelli\u2014Verbania: Vincenzo Mondino, Gabriella Traballi.Ospedale Fatebenefratelli E Oftalmico\u2014Milano: Enrico Iemoli, Antoenlla Grisolia, Riccardo Giorgi, Gabriella Nucera, Valentina Raffaelli, Pietro Marino, Enrica Negro, Lisa Serati, Tamanini SilviaAO per l\u2019Emergenza Cannizzaro\u2014Catania: Carmelo Iacobello, Giuseppe Strano.Ospedale Sant\u2019Andrea\u2014Vercelli: Lucio Boglione.Ospedale Regionale Umberto Parini\u2014Aosta: Alberto Catania, Paola Gipponi.AO S. Maria\u2014Terni: Luca Di Cato, Anna Panaccione.Policlinico San Marco\u2014Zingonia: Giovanni Vitale, Ilaria Alice Crippa, Matteo Giacomini.AO Niguarda Ca Granda\u2014Milano: Adriano Basile, Bellone Andrea.Ospedale di Galatina S.Caterina Novella\u2014Galatina: Paolo Tundo.Ospedale Versilia\u2014Camaiore: Stefano Buzzigoli, Gerardo Palmiero.Ospedale Guglielmo Da Saliceto\u2014Piacenza: Andrea Magnaca, Matteo Silva.ASST Lecco\u2014Merate: Massimo Ricci, Stefano Crespi, Bernadetta Pasquino.Nuovo Ospedale Di Prato S. Stefano\u2014Prato: Guglielmo Consales.Casa Di Cura Privata\u2014Peschiera Del Garda: Damiano Bragantini.Ospedale Generale Regionale Miulli, Covid Hospital, Acquaviva Delle Fonti\u2014Bari: Franco Mastroianni, Giulia Righetti, Antonio Scarafino, Michele Bitetto.ASST della Valle Olona\u2014Busto Arsizio: Fabio Franzetti.Ospedale SS. Trinit\u00e0\u2014Cagliari: Sandro Piga.Ospedale Generale Regionale Miulli, Acquaviva Delle Fonti\u2014Bari: Vito DelmonteOspedale Bisceglie\u2014Bisceglie: Sergio Carbonara, Ruggero Losappio.Ospedale Aziendale Di Brunico\u2014Brunico: Christian DejacoPoliclinico Umberto I\u2014Roma: Claudio Mastroianni, Gianluca Russo.AO S. Croce e Carle\u2014Cuneo: Valerio Del Bono.Ospedale Santa Maria Bianca\u2014Mirandola: Fabio Gilioli.Ospedale Di Mirano\u2014Mirano: Daniela Barzan, Silvia De Struppi.Ospedale Alto Vicentino\u2014Santorso: Antonio Carlotto, Maria Licia Guadagnin.AOU di Modena\u2014Modena: Massimo Girardis, Elisabetta Bertellini.ASST dei Sette Laghi\u2014Varese: Francesco Dentali.PO Sant\u2019Elia\u2014Caltanissetta: Giancarlo Foresta.Ospedale Apuane\u2014Massa: Alberto Baratta, Rosangela Viviani.ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda\u2014Milano: Antonio Maria Agrati.Istituto Auxologico Italiano\u2014I. S. S. Luca\u2014Milano: Giovanni Battista Perego.AOU Policlinico\u2014Vittorio Emanuele\u2014Catania: Arturo Montineri, Rosa Manuele.AO Gravina e S. Pietro\u2014Caltagirone: Salvatore Bonfante.Nuovo Ospedale Di Prato S. Stefano\u2014Prato: Donatella Aquilini.Complesso Ospedaliero A. Cardarelli\u2014Campobasso: Alessandra Prozzo, Donato Santopuoli, Zaira Di Rosa.Policlinico San Pietro\u2014Ponte San Pietro: Armando Alborghetti, Paolo Peci, Nikoloz Bakhtadze, Chiara Stefania Pandini, Giovanni Casati, Najat Ashofarir.AO Ospedale Niguarda Ca\u2019 Granda\u2014Milano: Giampaolo CasellaOspedale Di Trento\u2014Trento: Walter Spagnolli, Silvana Urru, Ivan Marchesoni, Giulia CaminitiIstituto Clinica Citt\u00e0 di Brescia\u2014Brescia: Elena Argilloni, Elisabetta Danieli, Gianluca Ghirardi, Chiara Maria Antonioli, Alessio Lipari, Paola Zavarise, Francesco Kokaly.AOUI Verona Borgo Trento\u2014Verona: Enrico Polati, Leonardo GottinPresidio Ospedaliero Di Vittorio Veneto\u2014Vittorio Veneto: Paolo Lucernoni, Fabio De Conti, Elisabetta Marcon.Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera\u2014Genova: Emanuele Pontali, Elisabetta Blasi Vacca, Carolina Saffioti, Alessia Zunino.AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste\u2014Trieste: Erik Roman Pognuz, Giorgio Berlot.Ospedale Moscati\u2014Taranto/Statte: Martino Saltori.Ospedale Di San Bonifacio\u2014San Bonifacio (VR): Andrea Tedesco.ASST del Garda\u2014Desenzano: Silvia Amadasi.Ospedale di Treviso\u2013Treviso: Carlo Agostini.Ospedale Maggiore\u2014Modica: Maria Antonietta Di Rosolini, Francesco Marino.Istituto di Cura Citt\u00e0 Di Pavia\u2014Pavia: Guido Bellinzona.Ospedale Carlo Urbani Di Jesi\u2014Jesi: Walter Grassi, Marco Di Carlo.Ospedale Maggiore Modica\u2014Modica: Guglielmo Scimonello.ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda\u2014Milano: Sandra Nonini, Michele Mondino.Villa Maria Cecilia Hospital\u2014Cotignola (RA): Lorenzo Filippo Mantovani, Elena Tenti.ARNAS Garibaldi\u2014Catania: Concetta Maria Gabriella Tropea, Daniela Emanuela Di Stefano.Ospedale Privato Villalba Hospital: Paolo Guelfi.IRCCS S. Raffaele\u2014Milano: Lorenzo Dagna.PO Gravina e S. Pietro\u2014Caltagirone: Gianfranco Morgana.ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda\u2014Milano: Lidia Montemurro.AOUI Verona\u2014Borgo Roma\u2014Verona: Domenico Girelli, Ernesto Crisafulli, Alessio Maroccia.ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda\u2014Milano: Alessandra Maria Cemuschi.Ospedale Gagliardi\u2014Trecenta: Mara Bernasconi.Ospedale Maggiore SS. Annunziata\u2014Savigliano: Ugo Zummo.TOCIVID-19 Study CoordinatorsIstituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli\u2014Clinical Trials Unit: Valentina Barbato, Simona Bevilacqua, Gaetano Buonfanti, Giuliana Canzanella, Giovanni De Matteis, Manuela Florio, Marilena Martino, Maria Teresa Ribecco, Fiorella Romano, Alfonso Savio, Lucia Sparavigna: Melanoma And Cancer Immunotherapy And Developmental Therapeutics Unit: Marcello Curvietto.IRCCS Policlinico San Donato\u2014Milano: Michele Citarella.ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII\u2014Bergamo: Leonardo Alborghetti.Humanitas Gavazzeni\u2014Bergamo: Valeria Nava, Paola Maggioni, Marta Magni.AORN Dei Colli\u2014Napoli: Chiara Iommelli, Antonella Bianco.Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia: Romina Corsini, Linda Valli, Maria Paola Ruggieri.ASST di Cremona\u2014Cremona: Annalisa Mancini.Azienda Ospedaliera San Salvatore\u2014Pesaro: Tiziana Melica.Policlinico S. Matteo\u2014Pavia: Alessandra Ferrari, Daniela Cicognini, Mariangela Delliponti, Andrea Zuccarini, Silvia Ciani.AOU di Parma\u2014Parma: Davide Raffaeli.Ospedale Morgagni Pierantoni\u2014Forl\u00ec: Luca Donati.ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo\u2014Milano: Stefania Cannizzo.Ospedale Civile Guastalla\u2014Guastalla: Stefania Lui.Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS di Reggio Emilia\u2014Reggio Emilia: Romina Corsini, Linda Valli, Maria Paola Ruggieri.Ospedale Infermi Rimini: Luca Santini.AOU di Modena\u2014Modena: Enrica Roncaglia, Pasquale Mighali.Ospedale Aziendale Di Bressanone\u2014Bressanone: Frederik Eisendle.Ospedale San Jacopo\u2014USL Toscana Centro: Giulia Cerino.Ospedale Guglielmo Da Saliceto\u2014Piacenza: Chiara Citterio, Camilla Di Nunzio.ASST di Cremona: Annalisa Mancini.Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli\u2014Roma: Silvia Lamonica.Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria\u2014Negrar (Verona): Silvia Resimini.Ospedale Sant\u2019 Andrea\u2014La Spezia: Giovanni Sarteschi.Ospedale Di Belluno: Chiara Pavei.AOU di Ferrara\u2014Ferrara: Nicholas Battistini.Ospedale Generale Provinciale\u2014Saronno: Erika Gazzola.ASST di Cremona\u2014Cremona: Annalisa Mancini.PO Jazzolino\u2014Vibo Valentia: Marco Miceli.ASST di Lecco\u2014Lecco: Silvia Pontiggia.ASST di Bergamo Ovest\u2014Bergamo-Treviglio: Veronica Lonati.Ospedale Regionale Miulli, Covid Hospital, Acquaviva Delle Fonti\u2014Bari: Giusy Giannandrea.Ospedale Maggiore\u2014Modica: Claudio Sortino.AOUI di Verona\u2014Borgo Roma\u2014Verona: Serena Ravani.Ospedale Delmati\u2014Sant\u2019Angelo Lodigiano: Cristiano Uggeri.Ospedale Regionale Umberto Parini\u2014Aosta: Genny Jocoll\u00e9, Cristina Bar\u00e9.TOCIVID-19 Research NursesIRCCS Policlinico San Donato\u2014Milano: Irene Baroni, Daniele De Candia, Barbara Fiorini, Katiuscia Chierico, Francesca Romeo, Roberta Bottega, Laura Boccasile, Annamaria Corsaro.Azienda Ospedaliera San Salvatore\u2014Pesaro: Claudia Spadoni.Ospedale Bassini\u2014Cinisello Balsamo: Ria E Dipartimento Medico Ospedali Di Sesto San Giovanni E Cinisello Balsamo.ASST Spedali Civili Di Brescia: Silvia Chiari.Azienda Ospedaliera S. G. Moscati\u2014Avellino: Giovanna Ercolino.Ospedale F. Spaziani\u2014Frosinone: Vanessa Dell'uomo, Sabrina Viri.Ospedale Ca\u2019 Foncello\u2014Treviso: Milena Minato, Lisa Gazzola, Balan Dorina.Ospedale Generale Provinciale\u2014Saronno: Davide Gianelli.ASST Franciacorta\u2014Presidio Ospedaliero di Chiari: Sonia Maspero.ASST della Valle Olona\u2014Busto Arsizio: Maddalena Farinazzo.INMI L. Spallanzani, IRCCS\u2014Roma: Paola Zanini, Antonella Sangiovanni.TOCIVID-19 PharmacistsIstituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli\u2014Clinical Trials Unit: Antonia Del Giudice.IRCCS Policlinico San Donato\u2014Milano: Maria Margherita Dragonetti, Susanna Bordignon.ASST di Cremona\u2014Cremona: Andrea Marco Machiavelli, Giulia Chiodelli, Annalisa Mancini.AORN Dei Colli\u2014Napoli: Micaela Spatarella.Ospedale Bassini\u2014Cinisello Balsamo: Davide Zenoni, Flavio Niccol\u00f2 Beretta.Ospedale Bellaria\u2014Bologna: Giuseppina Santilli.PO Sant\u2019Elia\u2014Caltanissetta: Rita Badagliacca.AOU Careggi\u2014Firenze: Manuela Angileri.Azienda Ospedaliera S. G. Moscati\u2014Avellino: Luciana Giannelli.Ospedale Di Trento\u2014Trento: Annalisa Campomori.Ospedale Magalini\u2014Villafranca di Verona: Patrizia Maimone.Ospedale Regionale Umberto Parini\u2014Aosta: Andrea Fadda.Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud\u2014Padova: Sonia FaoroAOU \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d\u2014Novara: Alessia PisternaOther TOCIVID-19 Investigators Nuovo Ospedale Garibaldi Nesima\u2014Catania: Bruno Cacopardo, Andrea Marino, Alessio Pampaloni, Benedetto Maurizio Celesia.AOU\u2014Foggia: Gilda Cinnella, Daniela Labella, Rosa Roberta Caporusso.Ospedale Magalini\u2014Villafranca Di Verona; Maria Danzi, Marta Fiscon, Marina Malena, Doris Fendt, Stefano Nardi.AO SS. Antonio e Biagio Cesare e Arrigo: Paolo Stobbione, Maria Laura Savi.ASST Melegnano e della Martesana: Andrea De Monte, Alberto Scala, Nicola Lucio Liberato.Ospedale Apuane\u2014Massa: Dr. Sauro Luchi; Sauro Luchi, Antonella Vincenti.AO Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi\u2014Varese: Luca Cabrini.AOU di Modena: Giovanni Pinelli.AOU di Modena: Lucio BrugioniOspedale Brindisi Senatore. A. Perrino\u2014Brindisi: Domenico Potenza.Ospedale S. Maria delle Grazie di Pozzuoli\u2014Napoli: Fabio Giuliano Numis, Giovanni Porta, Maria D'amico, Bianca Iengo.AOU Consorziale Policlinico Bari: Gioacchino Angarano, Annalisa Saracino.ARNAS Ospedale Civico di Cristina Benfratelli\u2014Palermo: Livio Blasi.Ospedale San Giuliano\u2014Giugliano in Campania: Pasquale De Negri.Ospedale Di Fermo\u2014Fermo: Stefano Angelici, Antonella Farina, Giuseppe Pio Martino, Giuseppina Bitti.Ospedale Bolognini\u2014Seriate: Alberto Tedeschi, Simona De Ponti.Ospedale Civile Spirito Santo\u2014Pesacara: Adriana Agostinone, Giustino Parruti, Augusta Consorte, Antonella Frattari.AO San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d\u2019Aragona\u2014Salerno: Amelia Filippelli, Pasquale Pagliano, Alfonso Masullo, Carmine Sellitto.Ospedale Maggiore Carlo Alberto Pizzardi\u2014Bologna: Massimo Reta, Nicol\u00f2 Rossi, Luigi Raumer.Ospedale S. Maria Della Misericordia\u2014Urbino: Silvia Andreassi, Paolo Brancaleoni.Ospedale San Francesco\u2014Nuoro: Antonina Carai, Anna Maria Salerno.Ospedale Civile S. Salvatore\u2014L\u2019Aquila: Franco Marinangeli, Roberta Mariani, Antonello Ciccone.Ospedale Morelli\u2014Sondalo: Carlo Meschini, Gianluca Santoboni, Claudio Angrisani, David Micarelli, Giovanna Tarquini, Vittorio Fregoni.AOU Di Ferrara: Carlo Alberto Volta.Ospedale INRCA\u2014Ancona: Antonio Cherubini, Maria Simona Del Prete, Erika Ciarrochi.Ospedale Di Montebelluna: Francesca Tasca, Andrea Ballarin, Andrea Bianchin.Ospedale A. Cardarelli\u2014Campobasso: Romeo Flocco, Vincenzo Cuzzone.Azienda Ospedaliera Umberto I\u2014Siracusa: Maurilio Carpinteri.Ospedale Di Belcolle\u2014Viterbo: Carlo Meschini, Gianluca Santoboni, Claudio Angrisani, David Micarelli, Giovanna Tarquini.Istituto Clinico Beato Matteo Pietro\u2014Vigevano: Pietro Gallotti.Presidio Ospedaliero Ospedale Del Mare\u2014Napoli: Federica Torre, Pio Zannetti.AO S. M. A. Sede Di Pordenone: Massimo Crapis, Sergio VenturiniAO Santa Maria Nuova\u2014Firenze: Massimo Barattini, Gianluca Gori.PO Annunziata\u2014Cosenza: Antonio Mastroianni.Azienda Ospedaliera Regionale S. Carlo\u2014Potenza: Giulio De Stefano, Michele Gilio.Ospedale S. Camillo De Lellis\u2014Rieti: Giuseppe Rapisarda, Leonardo Gulisano, Maria Luisa Granata, Sebastiana Saglimbene, Maria Teresa Montalto, Ilaria Grasso, Silvana De Luca, Gaetano Magro, Florinda Messina.Ospedale Civile Di Ivrea: Bruno Scapino, Paolo Abrate, Chiara Francisco.Ospedale S. Luca\u2014Vallo della Lucania: Laura Pesce.PO S. Marta e S.Venera\u2014Acireale: Giuseppe Rapisarda.Ospedale Martini\u2014Torino: Mauro Navarra.ASST di Vimercate: Michele Agosti, Silvia Pagani, Martina Piluso, Aristodemo Ricioppo.Ospedale Per Acuti Mater Salutis\u2014Legnano: Silvia Tognella, Pierangelo Rovere, Marcello Vincenzi, Leonardo Ghirardi.ASST di Cremona: Daniele Generali.PO Mauro Scarlato\u2014Scafati: Marco Ingrosso, Emilia Desiderio, Raffaele Molaro, Silvio Vitiello.Ospedale Maggiore\u2014Chieri: Alessandro Mastroianni, Luca Lancione, Tonia Celeste Paone, Alessandro Meli, Stefano Mainardi, Valentina Rastellino, Antonia Ursillo, Paola di Grigoli, Elena Bovetto, Ivana Marina Stefanetto, Francesca Mazzola.Ospedale Ss Antonio E Margherita\u2014Covid Hospital\u2014Tortona: Antonio Daniele, Claudia Bisio, Pietro Delnero, Giovanni Morando, Antonella Nava, Lemut Francesco.PO Gorizia e Monfalcone\u2014Gorizia: Fabio Fiammengo, Monica Regis.Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco\u2014Torino: Dario Roccatello.Ospedale Sen. A. Perrino\u2014Brindisi: Eugenio Sabato.Ospedale Civico\u2014Chivasso: Marco Maria Liccardi, Cristina Bretto, Lorenzo Lutri, Enzo CastenettoPresidi Ospedalieri Riuniti ASL. 6 Ciri\u00e8\u2014Torino: Giuseppe Roberti, Maria Francesca GuidiASST Rhodense\u2014Rho: Francesco Bini.Ospedale Sandro Pertini\u2014Roma: Maria Crisitna Zappa, Tiziana Trequattrini, Rosario Rivitti, Rossana Vigliarolo, Angela Succu, Marianna Lilli, Mattia Serao, Giuseppina Giogr\u00e9, Annamaria Ruggieri, Kristoffer Flores, Giuseppe Vairo, Roberto Satira.Ospedale degli Infermi\u2014Biella: Anna Lingua.Ospedale San Giuseppe\u2014Empoli: Rosario Spina.Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS\u2014Roma: Emanuele Nicastri, Gaetano Maffongelli, Filippo Barreca.AOU Senese\u2014Siena: Sabino Scollet, Federico Franchi, Camilla Fabbri.Ospedale Policlinico\u2014Verona: Pietro Minuz, Andrea Dalbeni.AOU Integrata\u2014Verona: Paolo Zanatta, Domenico Gelormini.Presidio Ospedaliero V. Buzzi\u2014Milano: Anna Mandelli, Feliciano Galderisi, Elena Zoia.Ospedale di Schiavonia: Maria Rita Marchi, Naile De Almeida Neves.Presidio Sanitario Gradenigo: Giorgio Carbone.PO Boscotrecase: Emilio Di Caterino, Anna Petrone.Ospedale S.S. Annunziata\u2014Sassari: Carlo Andrea Usai, Francesco Bandiera.Ospedale Civile Di San Candido: Roberto Monti, Alex Hofer.AOU Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele\u2014Catania: Giacomo Castiglione.Ospedale Mazzini\u2014Teramo: Chiara Angeletti.Ospedale Ca\u2019 Granda Niguarda\u2014Milano: Paolo TarsiaOspedale Maggiore\u2014Chieri: Lorenzo Veronese, Paola Daniela Artoni.Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli\u2014Roma: Dora Larussa.AO Ospedale Niguarda Ca Granda\u2014Milano: Roberto Fumagalli, Paolo Brioschi.Ospedale Santa Croce\u2014Moncalieri: Alessandro Cerutti, Paola Pasquino, Fiore Gilberto.Presidio Ospedaliero Aziendale\u2014Fidenza: Luca Cantadori.ASST Spedali Civili\u2014Brescia: Gabriele Tomasoni, Lina Rachele Tomasoni.Azienda Universitaria Policlinico\u2014Napoli: Nicola Coppola.Ospedale di Borgo San Lorenzo: Stefano Spolveri, Costanza Pollastri, Lorenzo FicoMadonna Del Soccorso\u2014S. Benedetto: Tiziana Principi, Silvia Pierantozzi.AO S. Giovanni/Addolorata\u2014Roma: Col. Costantino FontanaPO S. Francesco d\u2019Assisi\u2014Oliveto Citra: Giuseppe Lubrano.Presidio Ospedaliero Alto Tevere\u2014Citt\u00e0 di Castello: Laura Martinelli, Stefano BraviAOU di Padova\u2014Padova: Paolo Navalesi, Eugenio Serra.ASST Franciacorta: Paolo Gnesin, Enrico Cogi.PO S. Maria Della Piet\u00e0\u2014Nola: Andrea Manzi, Ermenegildo Furino.Presidio Ospedaliero Di Chiari: Nicola Dasseni, Claudio Gentilini.Ospedale B. Ramazzini\u2014Carpi: Elisa Benatti, Andrea Pignatti.Ospedale Civico\u2014Partinico: Giuseppe Aiello, Mario Milia.AO Villa Scassi\u2014Genova Sampierdarena: Maria Grazia Covesnon, Annalisa Brianti, Claudio Francesco.Ospedale Di Mondov\u00ec CN1\u2014Cuneo: Blangetti Ilaria.Ospedale Civico\u2014Chivasso: Fiammetta Pagnozzi, Sabrina Mietta.Ospedale Pesenti Fenaroli\u2014Alzano: Alberto RossiOspedale S. Antonio Abate\u2014Gallarate: Lorenzo Maroni, Vittorio Borroni, Claudio Bellintani.Ospedale AULSS 15 Alta Padovana: Camilla Sgarabotto, Giada Bizzotto.AO. Sant Anna E San Sebastiano\u2014Caserta: Lucio Bucci.AO Loreto Mare\u2014Napoli: Giovanni Spagnuolo.Ospedale Di Montebelluna: Moreno Agostini, Federico Carlo Caria, Filippo Testa.IRCCS AOU S. Martino\u2014Genova: Raffaele De Palma, Giuseppe Murdaca.Presidio Ospedaliero di Chiari: Gabriele Zanolini, Nadia Sala.Ospedale Del Delta\u2014Lagosanto: Erminio Righini.IRCCS AOU S. Martino\u2014Genova: Roberto Pontremoli.Ospedale Moriggia Pelascini\u2014Gravedona: Gianmarco Aondio.AORN A. Cardarelli\u2014Napoli: Ferdinando Riccardi; Ferdinando Riccardi, Maria Giovanna De Cristoforo, Fausto De Michele.Azienda Ospedaliera S. G. Moscati\u2014Avellino: Angelo Storti, Luciana Giannelli.PO SS. Trinit\u00e0\u2014Cagliari: Roberto Perra, Silvia Deidda.Azienda Ospedaliera Villa Scassi\u2014Genova Sampierdarena: Caviglia Enrica, Federico ValastroASST di Cremona: Matteo Giorgi Pierfranceschi, Fabio De Gennaro, Anna Laura Nardecchia, Alfredo Molteni.ASST di Cremona; Mariateresa Castellini.Ospedale San Pellegrino\u2014Castiglione: Giovanni Buetto.Casa Di Cura Policlinico\u2014Monza: Giovanbattista Ippoliti.Presidio Ospedaliero Di Arco: Domenico Sicheri.Presidio Ospedaliero Oglio Po\u2014Casalmaggiore: Maria Grazia Bottoli.Ospedale di Vittorio Veneto: Blanca Martinez Lopez De Arroyabe, Alessandra Versaci.Casa Di Cura Villa Pini Sanatrix\u2014Civitanova Marche: Giada Pallotti.Ospedale Civile E. Agnelli\u2014Pinerolo: Marina Civita, Michele Grio, Nicola Liuzzi, Paola Molino, Mauro Pastorelli, Alberto Ricchiardi, Ferdinando Varbella, Angela Daniela Zeme.Ospedale Madre Giuseppina Vannini\u2014Roma: Cinzia Sighieri, Grazia Portale.Casa Di Cura Villa Gemma\u2014Gardone Riviera: Alessandro Olivetti, Carlo Pagnoni, Greta Moschini, Sabrina Boni, Alberto Guerra, Roberta Scudellari, Sabrina Vella.Presidio Ospedaliero Di Borgo Valsugana: Sandro Inchiostro.PO S. Maria dell\u2019Olmo\u2014Cava de Tirreni: Ornella Piazza.IRCCS Multimedica\u2014Milano: Salvatore Guarino, Giorgio Aldegheri.PO Paolo Borsellino\u2014Marsala: Giovanna Napoli.AOU Careggi\u2014Firenze: Alessandro Morettini, Eleonora Caldini, Lorenzo Menicacci.AOU Careggi\u2014Firenze: Filippo Pieralli, Monica Torrini.AOU\u2014Careggi\u2014Firenze: Loredana Poggesi.Clinica Pinna Pintor Srl\u2014Torino: Enrico Maria Visetti.Policlinico di Alessandria: Enrico Maria Visetti.Presidio Ospedaliero Riuniti\u2014Reggio Calabria: Carmelo Mangano.Casa Di Cura Villa Barbarano\u2014Salo: Stefano Visconti.ASST di Bergamo Est: Pasquale Maietta.Ospedale SS. Capitanio e Gerosa\u2014Lovere: Elisa Banfi, Stefania Cartella.Ospedale F. Spaziani\u2014Frosinone: Bruna Venturi, Antonia Nuceri.Ospedale San Pellegrino\u2014Castiglione: Elena Chiesa, Enrico Pacentra.Ospedale San Pellegrino\u2014Castiglione: Gianluigi Panzolato.AO Villa Scassi\u2014Genova Sampierdarena: Michella Giannotti, Cristina Bianchi.AOU di Modena: Antonello Pietrangelo.AOU Careggi\u2014Firenze: Ombretta Para, Maria Serena Rutili.Presidio Sanitario Ospedale Cottolengo\u2014Torino: Roberto Russo, Maurizio Lanfranco, Elisa Scalabrino.AOU Sant\u2019Andrea\u2014Roma: Agostino Tafuri.Other TOCIVID-19 Study Coordinators Ospedale degli Infermi\u2014Biella: Elisa Perfetti.AO Villa Scassi\u2014Genova Sampierdarena: Tosca Chiarello, Cristina Bianchi.Ospedale Di Montebelluna: Luca Cancanelli.AORN A. Cardarelli\u2014Napoli: Manuela Otero.Casa Di Cura Villa Gemma\u2014Gardone Riviera: Sabrina Vella, Greta Pannella, Francesco Bellucci.Presidio Sanitario Ospedale Cottolengo\u2014Torino: Giovanna Ferrero.AOU Sant\u2019Andrea\u2014Roma: Carmen Vico.Ospedale Civile Spirito Santo\u2014Pesacara: Maria Serafina Stillante.Other TOCIVID-19 Research Nurses Ospedale A. Cardarelli\u2014Campobasso: Giovanna D'Andrea.Ospedale S. Camillo De Lellis Rieti: Filippo Amoroso, Antonio Arcidiacono, Anna Maria Bella, Agata Belsito, Ylenia Bert\u00e9, Giulia Carubia, Maria Grazia Caruso, Orazio Casella, Francesco Chiereleson, Chiara Costa, Daniela De Franco, Giuseppe German\u00e0, Antonio Messina, Diana Musumeci, Concetta Noto, Marco Valenti.PO Mauro Scarlato\u2014Scafati: Carlo Sorrentino, Rosanna Panico, Giuseppe Schettino, Jolanda Piccoli, Antonio Pepe, Francesco De Rosa, Mario Ottaviano, Gerarda Marrazzo.Ospedale Sandro Pertini\u2014Roma: Gianna Raponi, Stefania Diberardino.AOU Careggi\u2014Firenze: Simona Bausi.Presidio Sanitario Ospedale Cottolengo\u2014Torino: Alessandro Ferrari.Other TOCIVID-19 Pharmacists Ospedale SS Antonio E Margherita, Covid Hospital\u2014Tortona: Sara Francesca Marini.Presidio Sanitario Gradenigo: Elena Giubellino, Giorgio Innocenti.AORN A. Cardarelli\u2014Napoli: Gaspare Gugliemi.Ospedale di Vittorio Veneto: Daniela Maccari, Izabela Baciu.Ospedale Maggiore\u2014Chieri: Tonia Celeste Paone."}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90850-y, published online: 08 Jun 2021Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in the Acknowledgments section.\"Authors R. Chatterjee, A. Bhattacharya and V. Bhardwaj acknowledge the financial support received from the SPARC project #754 (RP03738G), funded by MHRD, India\".now reads:\"RC, AB and VB acknowledge the financial support received from the DST-Nanomission project DST/NM/TUE/QM-11/2019 G (RP03993G), India.\"The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "C. elegans hyperactive DEG/ENaC channels MEC-4(d) and UNC-8(d). microPublication Biology. 10.17912/micropub.biology.000412.For Johnson, CK; Miller, DD; Bianchi, L (2021). Effect of the protease plasmin on The authors correct the following:1. The name of the author David D. Miller should read David M. Miller III2. The affiliations1University of Miami2Vanderbilt Universityare corrected to:1Department Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.2Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.mec-4 and unc-8 are as follows:3. The allele names that were used as reference for the cDNA for u231\u2013 MEC-4(d) is MEC-4(A713T), corresponding to allele n491\u2013 UNC-8(d) is UNC-8(G387E), corresponding to allele https://www.dmbr.ugent.be/prx/bioit2-public/SitePrediction/) is added as follows:4. The reference for the SitePrediction website :319-23. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2009.04.001. Epub 2009 Jun 21. PMID: 19546006.These corrections do not alter the conclusions or discussion of this microPublication."}
{"text": "Corrected to: Egypt J Otolaryngol 37, 93 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-021-00157-yFollowing the publication of the original article , the autThe correct affiliation is given below:1ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptThe original article  has been"}
{"text": "The correct spelling is: Suladda Pongutta. The correct citation is: Phonsuk P, Vongmongkol V, Pongutta S, Suphanchaimat R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Swinburn BA (2021) Impacts of a sugar sweetened beverage tax on body mass index and obesity in Thailand: A modelling study. PLoS ONE 16(4): e0250841. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003792.Additionally, the author\u2019s name is misspelled in Reference 30. The correct citation is: Pongutta S, Chongwatpol P, Tantayapirak P, Vandevijvere S. Declaration of nutrition information on and nutritional quality of Thai ready-to-eat packaged food products. Public Health Nutrition. 2018;21(8):1409\u201317."}
{"text": "Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor therapy: mechanisms of action in heart failure. Heart 2021;107:1032\u20131038. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318060Joshi SS, Singh T, Newby DE, This article has been corrected since it was first published. The provenance and peer review statement has been included."}
{"text": "Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in four different infection models. PLoS ONE 16(7): e0252948. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252948The sixth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: F. Hillmann. The correct citation is: Keizer EM, Valdes ID, Forn-Cuni G, Klijn E, Meijer AH, Hillmann F, et al. (2021) Variation of virulence of five"}
{"text": "A correction onDeaths in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention: FY2018\u2013202010.3934/publichealth.2021006.By Sophie Terp, Sameer Ahmed, Elizabeth Burner, Madeline Ross, Molly Grassini, Briah Fischer, Parveen Parmar. Deaths in Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention: FY2018\u20132020[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2021, 8(1): 81\u201389. doi: We would like to submit the following correction to our recently published paper due to the wrong of reference 8. The details as the following.https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/115th-congress/house-report/239.8. Congress.gov (2018) H. Rept. 115\u2013239\u2014Department OF Homeland Security Appropriations Bill, 2018. Available from:"}
{"text": "Communications Biology 10.1038/s42003-021-02320-w, published online 30 June 2021.Correction to: In the original version of the Article, reference 29 contained errors in the journal name, page numbers, and second author\u2019s initials. The incorrect reference shown was:Sci. Direct12, 1\u201319 (2020).Xi, N. M. & Li, J. Y. Benchmarking computational doublet-detection methods for single-cell RNA sequencing data. The correct reference is:Cell Syst. 12, 176\u2013194.e6 (2021).Xi, N. M. & Li, J. J. Benchmarking Computational Doublet-Detection Methods for Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data. In addition, the page numbers provided in references 15 and 16 were incorrectly given as 316689 \u2013 331700 and 294 \u2013 319, respectively. The correct page numbers are 31689-31700 (reference 15) and e00294-19 (reference 16).The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article."}
{"text": "Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) is presented. A catalogue of 4122 nomenclaturally available genus-group names, representing 2307 valid genera (33 of which are extinct) and 761 valid subgenera, is given. For each name the author, date, page number, gender, type species, type fixation, current status, and first synonymy (when the name is a synonym) are provided. Genus-group names in this family are also recorded in a classification framework, along with data on the distribution of valid genera and subgenera within major biogeographical realms. A list of 535 unavailable genus-group names  is included. Notes on the date of publication of references cited herein are given, when known.A review of genus-group names for darkling beetles in the family Anemiadena Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Armigena Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Debeauxiella Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Hyperopsis Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Linio Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Matthewsotys Bouchard & Bousquet, gen. nov., Neosolenopistoma Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Paragena Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Paulianaria Bouchard & Bousquet, gen. nov., Phyllechus Bouchard & Bousquet, gen. nov., Prorhytinota Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Pseudorozonia Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Pseudothinobatis Bouchard & Bousquet, gen. nov., Rhytinopsis Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Rhytistena Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Spinosdara Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , Spongesmia Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. , and Zambesmia Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. .The following genera and subgenera are made available for the first time: Adeps Gistel, 1857 and Adepsion Strand, 1917 syn. nov. , Asyrmatus Canzoneri, 1959 syn. nov. , Euzadenos Koch, 1956 syn. nov. , Gondwanodilamus Kaszab, 1969 syn. nov. , Gyrinodes Fauvel, 1897 syn. nov. , Helopondrus Reitter, 1922 syn. nov. , Hybonotus Dejean, 1834 syn. nov. , Iphthimera Reitter, 1916 syn. nov. , Lagriomima Pic, 1950 syn. nov. , Orphelops Gozis, 1910 syn. nov. , Phymatium Billberg, 1820 syn. nov. , Prosoblapsia Skopin & Kaszab, 1978 syn. nov. , and Pseudopimelia Gebler, 1859 syn. nov.  are established as new synonyms . Anachayus Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Chatanayus Ardoin, 1957, Genateropa Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Apterogena Ardoin, 1962, Hemipristula Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Hemipristis Kolbe, 1903, Kochotella Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Millotella Koch, 1962, Medvedevoblaps Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Protoblaps G.S. Medvedev, 1998, and Subpterocoma Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Pseudopimelia Motschulsky, 1860. Neoeutrapela Bousquet & Bouchard, 2013 is downgraded to a subgenus (stat. nov.) of Impressosora Pic, 1952. Anchomma J.L. LeConte, 1858 is placed in Stenosini: Dichillina (previously in Pimeliinae: Anepsiini); Entypodera Gerstaecker, 1871, Impressosora Pic, 1952 and Xanthalia Fairmaire, 1894 are placed in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina (previously in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina); Loxostethus Triplehorn, 1962 is placed in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina (previously in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina); Periphanodes Gebien, 1943 is placed in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini (previously in Tenebrioninae: Helopini); Zadenos Laporte, 1840 is downgraded to a subgenus (stat. nov.) of the older name Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834.The names Allostrongylium Kolbe, 1896 , Auristira Borchmann, 1916 , Blapidocampsia Pic, 1919 , Cerostena Solier, 1836 , Coracostira Fairmaire, 1899 , Dischidus Kolbe, 1886 , Eccoptostoma Gebien, 1913 , Ellaemus Pascoe, 1866 , Epeurycaulus Kolbe, 1902 , Euschatia Solier, 1851 , Heliocaes Bedel, 1906 , Hemipristis Kolbe, 1903 , Iphthimera Reitter, 1916 , Isopedus Stein, 1877 , Malacova Fairmaire, 1898 , Modicodisema Pic, 1917 , Peltadesmia Kuntzen, 1916 , Phymatium Billberg, 1820 , Podoces P\u00e9ringuey, 1886 , Pseuduroplatopsis Pic, 1913 , Pteraulus Solier, 1848 , Sciaca Solier, 1835 , Sterces Champion, 1891  and Teremenes Carter, 1914 .The type species [placed in square brackets] of the following available genus-group names are designated for the first time: Accanthopus Dejean, 1821 , Becvaramarygmus Masumoto, 1999 , Heterophaga Dejean, 1834 , Laena Dejean, 1821, , Margus Dejean, 1834 , Pachycera Eschscholtz, 1831 , Saragus Erichson, 1842 , Stene Stephens, 1829 , Stenosis Herbst, 1799  and Tentyriopsis Gebien, 1928 .Evidence suggests that some type species were misidentified. In these instances, information on the misidentification is provided and, in the following cases, the taxonomic species actually involved is fixed as the type species [placed in square brackets] following requirements in Article 70.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: Stenosisciliaris Gebien, 1920 as the type species for Afronosis G.S. Medvedev, 1995 , Alienoplonyx Bremer, 2019 [Alienolonyx], Amblypteraca Mas-Peinado, Buckley, Ruiz & Garc\u00eda-Par\u00eds, 2018 [Amplypteraca], Caenocrypticoides Kaszab, 1969 [Caenocripticoides], Deriles Motschulsky, 1872 [Derilis], Eccoptostira Borchmann, 1936 [Ecoptostira], \u2020Eodromus Haupt, 1950 [\u2020Edromus], Eutelus Solier, 1843 [Lutelus], Euthriptera Reitter, 1893 [Enthriptera], Meglyphus Motschulsky, 1872 [Megliphus], Microtelopsis Koch, 1940 , Neandrosus Pic, 1921 [Neoandrosus], Nodosogylium Pic, 1951 [Nodosogilium], Notiolesthus Motschulsky, 1872 [Notiolosthus], Pseudeucyrtus Pic, 1916 [Pseudocyrtus], Pseudotrichoplatyscelis Kaszab, 1960 [Pseudotrichoplatynoscelis and Pseudotrichoplatycelis], Rhydimorpha Koch, 1943 [Rhytimorpha], Rhophobas Motschulsky, 1872 [Rophobas], Rhyssochiton Gray, 1831 [Ryssocheton and Ryssochiton], Sphaerotidius Kaszab, 1941 [Spaerotidius], Stira Agassiz, 1846 (Mollusca) , Sulpiusoma Ferrer, 2006 [Sulpiosoma] and Taenobates Motschulsky, 1872 [Taeniobates].The following First Reviser actions are proposed to fix the precedence of names or nomenclatural acts (rejected name or act in square brackets): Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841 nomen protectum over Chrysobalus Boisduval, 1835 nomen oblitum.Supporting evidence is provided for the conservation of usage of  Tenebrionidae Latreille, 1802 (Insecta: Coleoptera) was published by Alleculidae Laporte, 1840, Lagriidae Latreille, 1825 (1820), Nilionidae Oken, 1843, Cossyphodidae Wasmann, 1899) and were therefore excluded from Gebien\u2019s \u201cKatalog der Tenebrioniden\u201d. Since then, important studies on the relationships of taxa classified within Tenebrionidae and their close relatives, based on morphological  and molecular data  and many new species described each year, the family diverse\u201d . This ovdiverse\u201d , the nomTenebrionidae. A table that includes an up-to-date synthesis of the classification of available genus-group names, along with the distribution of each valid genus and subgenus within the world\u2019s major biogeographical realms, is included. Following bibliographic research, dating of references cited in this work is provided (whenever data is available) in order to establish the priority of genus-group names and therefore promote their nomenclatural stability in the future.The main objective of this publication is to provide a nomenclatural review of all genus-group names in the family Tenebrionidae are listed alphabetically. For each name the author, year of publication, page number, gender , type species, typification, current status, and first synonymy (when the name is a synonym) are provided. The type species and type species fixation given for unjustified emendations and replacement names are identical to those of the available names they replace  1999, Article 67.8) and are listed following \u201cType species [automatic]:\u201d. We follow previous authors . We refrain proposing replacement names for two raisons: first, the status of some senior homonyms, which in most cases involved pre-1820 names, is uncertain; second, in some cases the two homonyms belong to taxa in use but the names apply to taxa not considered congeneric after 1899, and the Commission  and the acronym for plate (pl.) were used when relevant. The following initials were necessary to distinguish different authors with an identical family name: F.M. Brown, K.W. Brown, W. Kirby, W.F. Kirby, J.E. LeConte, J.L. LeConte, P.H. Lucas, R. Lucas, W.J. MacLeay, W.S. MacLeay, G.S. Medvedev, L.N. Medvedev, G.-A. Olivier, E. Olivier, F. Soldati, L. Soldati, C.G. Thomson, J. Thomson, C.O. Waterhouse, F.H. Waterhouse, G.R. Waterhouse. Note that the honorary title \u201cTjan-Schansky\u201d was added by the Emperor of All Russia Nikolay II to the surname of A.P. Semenov\u2019s father  in 1906 . We use the author name \u201cSemenov\u201d for works published up to the end of 1906 and \u201cSemenov-Tjan-Shansky\u201d for those published after 1906. We also follow ICZN, Article 50.1.1 and Recommendation 51E) and only the reference pertaining to the whole work is given in the \u201cReferences\u201d section. Titles of references using a non-Latin alphabet were translated in English.Original literature for species-group names  was verified; however, those works are not included in the \u201cReferences\u201d section because they are not the principal focus of this article, to conserve space and because they are, for the most part, available in recent publications. When the author(s) of a scientific name is different from the author(s) of the publication in which the name was proposed, the authorship of the scientific name is given in the format \u201cGray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1832\u201d , unless only the year was found. These dates are either specific dates of publication  or are the earliest known publication dates . In the latter case, the date is preceded by the word \u201cby.\u201d Sources of information for the dates of publication from societies, recording journals, and works are mentioned below.Acad Nat Sci Phil: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia  [Proceedings];Acad Sci Fr: Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences  [Compte Rendus Hebdomadaires];Acad Sci St. Peters: Acad\u00e9mie Imp\u00e9riale des Sciences de St.-P\u00e9tersbourg  ;Amer Ant Soc: American Antiquarian Society  [Proceedings];Amer Ent Soc: American Entomological Society  [Proceedings];Amer Phil Soc: American Philosophical Society  [Proceedings];Bost Soc Nat Hist: Boston Society of Natural History  [Proceedings];Ent Soc Lond: Entomological Society of London  ;Ent Ver Stettin: Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin  [Vereinsangelegenheiten];Nederl Ent Ver: Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereniging  [Inhouds-Opgave van Werken];Roy Soc Queensl: Royal Society of Queensland  [Proceedings];Soc Ent Belg: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de Belgique  ;Soc Ent Fr: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Entomologique de France  ;Soc Imp Nat Mosc: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Imp\u00e9riale des Naturalistes de Moscou  [Bulletin].Allg Bibl Deutsch: Allgemeine Bibliographie f\u00fcr Deutschland ;Bibl Belg: Bibliographie de la Belgique ;Bibl Fr: Bibliographie de la France ;Bull Nord: Bulletin du Nord, journal scientifique et litt\u00e9raire, contenant: des m\u00e9moires et notices, des analyses et extraits d\u2019ouvrages nouveaux; des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s et m\u00e9langes, des annonces bibliographiques, etc., etc. ;Ent Nachr: Entomologische Nachrichten ;Lit Centrbl: Literarisches Centralblatt f\u00fcr Deutschland ;Lit Ztg: Literarische Zeitung ;Nat Nov: Naturae Novitates ;Naturaliste: Le Naturaliste ;Pet Nouv Ent: Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques ;Rev Coleopt: Revue Col\u00e9opt\u00e9rologique ;Zool Rec: Zoological Record .The following works included important information for dating the references: Tenebrionidae contains 4122 nomenclaturally available genus-group names . Of the 2307 valid genera, 33 are extinct. A total of 761 subgenera are currently used as valid. The subfamily Pimeliinae contains the highest number of valid genera (n = 578) followed by Stenochiinae (n = 394), Tenebrioninae (n = 349), Blaptinae (n = 300), Lagriinae (n = 273), Alleculinae (n = 231) and Diaperinae (n = 128). The other four subfamilies contain few genera . Twenty valid genera could not be confidently placed in a subfamily and are included here as Tenebrionidae incertae sedis. The Afrotropic biogeographical realm is the most diverse with 1022 valid extant genus-group taxa  was identical to Helopsdentipes Rossi, 1790, currently a junior synonym of Tenebriovelikensis Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783; we follow currently accepted concepts , by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Bogatshevia G.S. Medvedev & Iwan, 2006 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Note: junior homonym of Achaemenes St\u00e5l, 1866 [Hemiptera].Achanius Erichson, 1847a: 118 [M]. Type species: Achaniusanthicoides Erichson, 1847, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Evaniosomini. Note: transferred from Edrotini , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Isopteron Hope, 1841 in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Synonymy: Gemminger in Prionotus Mulsant & Rey, 1859, a junior synonym of Isopteron Hope, 1841); Achrostus Fairmaire, 1891b: 256 [M]. Type species: Achrostusrufonitens Fairmaire, 1891, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Achthosus Pascoe, 1863a: 42 [M]. Type species: Achthosuswestwoodii Pascoe, 1863, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini.Acidia Illiger, 1804: 79 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Pimeliareflexa Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Somaticus Hope, 1841 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina.Acropachia M\u00e4klin, 1875: 656 [F]. Type species: Acropachiabifoveolata M\u00e4klin, 1875, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Goniaderini.Acropteron Perty, 1832: 64 [N]. Type species: Acropteronrufipes Perty, 1832 , by subsequent designation .ignation : 133. StAcropterum Agassiz, 1846b: 6 [N]. Type species [automatic]: Acropteronrufipes Perty, 1832 , by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cnemeplatiini: Actizetina.Acutogria Merkl, 1988a: 137 [F]. Type species: Acutogriafalcata Merkl, 1988, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Acutoodescelis Kaszab, 1940b: 941, 951 [F]. Type species: Platyscelispunctatissima Fairmaire, 1886, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Oodescelis Motschulsky, 1845 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini.Adamus Iwan, 1997: 255 [M]. Type species: Platynotusmicrositoides Kaszab, 1975, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Adavius Mulsant & Rey, 1859a: 126, 138 [M]. Type species: Adaviusclavipes Mulsant & Rey, 1859, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina.Addia Lewis, 1894: 465 [F]. Type species: Addiascatebrae Lewis, 1894, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Tetraphyllus Laporte & Brull\u00e9, 1831 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Adelina Dejean, 1835: 315 [F]. Type species: Cucujusplanus Fabricius, 1801, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina.Adelium W. Kirby, 1819a: 420 [N]. Type species: Adeliumcalosomoides W. Kirby, 1819, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Adelonia Laporte, 1840: 221 [F]. Type species: Ulomafiliforme Laporte, 1840, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Lagriinae: Belopini.Adelostoma Duponchel, 1827: 342 [N]. Type species: Adelostomasulcatum Duponchel, 1827, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Adelostomoides Carl, 1991: 24 [M]. Type species: Adelostomagrande Haag-Rutenberg, 1879, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Zarudnionymus Semenov-Tjan-Shansky & Bogatchev, 1947 in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini. Synonymy: Adelozotypus Kaszab, 1982b: 224 [M]. Type species: Adelozotypusnovaecaledoniae Kaszab, 1982, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Adelphinops Reitter, 1922b: 168, 169 [M]. Type species: Adelphinusordubadensis Reitter, 1890, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Adelphinus Fairmaire & Coquerel, 1866 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Adelphinus Fairmaire & Coquerel, 1866: 44 [M]. Type species: Eutrapelasuturalis P.H. Lucas, 1847, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Adelphus Dejean, 1834: 208 [M]. Type species: Helopsmarginatus Fabricius, 1792, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini.Adesmina Reitter, 1916a: 5, 29 [F]. Type species: Adesmiaarabica Reitter, 1916, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Cerogria Borchmann, 1911 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina. Synonymy: Aesthetus C.O. Waterhouse, 1890: 552 [M]. Type species: Aesthetustuberculatus C.O. Waterhouse, 1890, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Aesymnus Champion, 1886: 168 [M]. Type species: Aesymnusnitidus Champion, 1886, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Triboliini.Aethales Dejean, 1834: 180 [M]. Type species: Epitragusbrunnicornis Latreille, 1811, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Epitragus Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Epitragini. Synonymy: Epitragusbrunnicornis Latreille was listed as a species incertae sedis in the genus Epitragus Latreille, 1802 by Aethalides Bates, 1873d: 50 [M]. Type species: Aethalidespunctipennis Bates, 1873, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Nyctozoilus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy: Aethyssius Pascoe, 1863a: 45 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Atractusviridis Boisduval, 1835, by subsequent designation ; we act as First Revisers and select Stenosisciliaris Gebien, 1920 as the type species for Afronosis G.S. Medvedev, 1995.Afrostrongylium Robiche, 2019a: 83 [N]. Type species: Strongyliumfrancoisi Robiche, 2019, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Strongylium W. Kirby, 1819 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Afrotagalus Gebien, 1942b: 111, 120 [M]. Type species: Afrotagaluseidmanni Gebien, 1942, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Phrenapatinae: Penetini.Afrotenebrio Gridelli, 1951: 223, 230 [M]. Type species: Tenebrioguineensis Imhoff, 1843, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Tenebrio Linnaeus, 1758 in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini.Agastenes R. Lucas, 1920: 79 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Agastheneswestwoodi Bates, 1873, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Note: unjustified emendation of Agasthenes Bates, 1873.Agasthenes Bates, 1873e: 352 [M]. Type species: Agastheneswestwoodi Bates, 1873, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Agastenes R. Lucas, 1920 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Note: junior homonym of Agasthenes F\u00f6rster, 1869 [Hymenoptera].Agelarches Gistel, 1848a: x [M]. Type species [automatic]: Pimeliaangulata Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .Alcyonotus Pascoe, 1882: 35 [M]. Type species: Alcyonotusiridescens Pascoe, 1882, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Alegoria Laporte, 1840: 221 [F]. Type species: Alegoriadilatata Laporte, 1840, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini.Alethia Champion, 1888: 417 [F]. Type species: Alethiasallaei Champion, 1888, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Alhuena Kulzer, 1956b: 912 [F]. Type species: Alhuenapenai Kulzer, 1956 , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Peltolobus Lacordaire, 1859 in Pimeliinae: Trilobocarini. Synonymy: Alienophloeus Bremer, 2018: 45 [M]. Type species: Corticeuspumilio Bremer, 2018, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Corticeus Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783 in Diaperinae: Hypophlaeini.Alienoplonyx Bremer, 2019: 59 [M]. Type species: Alienoplonyxalleni Bremer, 2019, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: we act as First Revisers and reject the alternative original spelling Alienolonyx, used by Allardius Ragusa, 1898: 130 [M]. Type species: Parablopsoculatus Baudi di Selve, 1876, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Allecula Fabricius, 1801b: 21 [F]. Type species: Cistelamorio Fabricius, 1787, by subsequent designation .Allodengitha Bogatchev, 1963: 57 [F]. Type species: Allodengithadeserta Bogatchev, 1963, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Alcinoeta Strand, 1929 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: G.S. Allogria Borchmann, 1916a: 48, 100 [F]. Type species: Allogriaspinosa Borchmann, 1916, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .Allotadzhikistania Bogatchev, 1960a: 43 [F]. Type species: Allotadzhikistaniacomata Bogatchev, 1960, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Allotriocochabambia Fa\u00fandez, Rider & Carvajal, 2014: 595 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Cochabambiakulzeri Marcuzzi, 1985, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrionidae: incertae sedis. Note: replacement name for Cochabambia Marcuzzi, 1985; Cochabambia could not be placed in \u201cany given Neotropical tribe so far known\u201d and is therefore included here in Tenebrionidae incertae sedis under its replacement name.Alobates Motschulsky, 1872: 25 [M]. Type species: Tenebriopensylvanicus DeGeer, 1775, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Alogenius Gebien, 1910a: 91 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Metriopusfavosus Erichson, 1843, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina.Alphitopsis Kirejtshuk, Nabozhenko & Nel, 2011: 549 [F]. Type species: Alphitopsisinitialis Kirejtshuk, Nabozhenko & Nel, 2011, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Alphitobiini. Note: described from Lower Cretaceous deposits (China).\u2020Altes Pascoe, 1869: 288, 290 [M]. Type species: Chartopteryxbinodosus Pascoe, 1862, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy: Gemminger in Chartopteryx Westwood, 1841, a synonym of Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841); Altiprosodes G.S. Medvedev, 1997: 580 [M]. Type species: Prosodeskuhistanica G.S. Medvedev, 1996, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Megaprosodes Reitter, 1909 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina. Synonymy: G.S. Alymon Pascoe, 1866a: 484 [M]. Type species: Alymonprolatus Pascoe, 1866, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Amachla Koch, 1962a: 117 [F]. Type species: Machlasulcicollis F\u00e5hraeus, 1871, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Amarantha Motschulsky, 1860b: 141 [F]. Type species: Amaranthaviridis Motschulsky, 1860, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Metaclisa Jacquelin du Val, 1861 in Tenebrioninae: Metaclisini. Synonymy: Amaropsis Champion, 1893a: 567 [F]. Type species: Amaropsisannulicornis Champion, 1893, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Amarosoma Redtenbacher, 1868: 131 [N]. Type species: Amarosomasimulans Redtenbacher, 1868, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Pheloneis Pascoe, 1866 in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Synonymy: Amarsenes Bates, 1879a: 297 [M]. Type species: Tetraphyllusoblongocamelus Fairmaire, 1877, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Amarygmimus Bates, 1873e: 354 [M]. Type species: Amarygmimusduboulayi Bates, 1873, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina.Amarygmomimus Rye, 1875: 290 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Amarygmimusduboulayi Bates, 1873, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Amarygmimus Bates, 1873 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Note: unjustified emendation of Amarygmimus Bates, 1873, not in prevailing usage.Amarygmus Dalman, 1823: 60 [M]. Type species: Chrysomelamicans Fabricius, 1794, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Amblycarenum Gebien, 1910 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Note: junior homonym of Amblycara Bergroth, 1891 [Hemiptera].Amblycarenum Gebien, 1910a: 77 [N]. Type species [automatic]: Amblycarabiskrense Fairmaire, 1893 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Note: replacement name for Amblycara Fairmaire, 1893.Amblychirus Koch, 1956a: 87 [M]. Type species: Trigonopusbrevior Fairmaire, 1897, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Amblycyphus Motschulsky, 1870: 401 [M]. Type species: Amblycyphusasperatus Motschulsky, 1870 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cryptoglossa Solier, 1837 in Pimeliinae: Cryptoglossini. Synonymy: Amblyptera Solier, 1836: 195 [F]. Type species: Pimeliascabrosa Solier, 1836, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Pimelia Fabricius, 1775 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Note: we act as First Revisers and reject the alternative original spelling Amplypteraca, used by Amblysphagus Fairmaire, 1896a: 16 [M]. Type species: Amblysphaguspachyderus Fairmaire, 1896, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Neopachypterina.Amenophis J. Thomson, 1858: 93 [M]. Type species: Amenophisfairmairei J. Thomson, 1858, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .ion G.S. : 212. StAmmidium Erichson, 1843: 250 [N]. Type species: Ammidiumciliatum Erichson, 1843, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina.Ammobius Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1844: 121 [M]. Type species: Ammobiusrufus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1844, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina. Note: combined description of a new genus and a single new species . Status: junior synonym of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Elixota Pascoe, 1866, a junior synonym of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823).Anadischidus Kolbe, 1897a: 241 [M]. Type species: Nyctobatesiphthinoides Quedenfeldt, 1885, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Deriles Motschulsky, 1872 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Anaedes Agassiz, 1846b: 20 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Anaeduspunctatissimus Blanchard, 1842, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Anaedus Blanchard, 1842 in Lagriinae: Goniaderini. Note: unjustified emendation of Anaedus Blanchard, 1842, not in prevailing usage.Anaedus Blanchard, 1842: pl. 14 [M]. Type species: Anaeduspunctatissimus Blanchard, 1842, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Goniaderini.Anamenederes Koch, 1954a: 68 [M]. Type species: Menederesdigitatus Koch, 1954, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Menederes Solier, 1848 in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina.Anamphidora Casey, 1924: 330 [F]. Type species: Anamphidoraparvula Casey, 1924, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Xystropodina.Anarmostodera Fairmaire, 1897a: 114 [F]. Type species: Anarmostoderacrassicornis Fairmaire, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Praeugenini.Anatolica Eschscholtz, 1831: 5, 7 [F]. Type species: Tentyriasubquadrata Tauscher, 1812, by subsequent designation .Anchomma J.L. LeConte, 1858a: 63 [N]. Type species: Anchommacostatum J.L. LeConte, 1858, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina. Note: new placement [RLA], previously included in Pimeliinae: Anepsiini; genus originally described in Tenebrionoidea: Zopheridae: Colydiinae.Anchophthalmops Koch, 1956a: 173 [M]. Type species: Anchophthalmopsbrevipleurum Koch, 1956, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Anchophthalmus Gerstaecker, 1854: 533 [M]. Type species: Anchophthalmussilphoides Gerstaecker, 1854, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina.Androsus Gebien, 1921a: 325, 386 [M]. Type species: Chariothecaviolacea Pascoe, 1887, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Anebacis Peyerimhoff, 1927: 4, 15 [F]. Type species: Tentyriacribricollis Fairmaire, 1875, by subsequent designation  does not represent a valid type species designation since the nomenclatural act is anonymous .Anepsius J.L. LeConte, 1851: 147 [M]. Type species: Anepsiusdelicatulus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Anepsiini.Anethas Jakobson, 1924: 242 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Pseudethaslongiceps Fairmaire, 1898, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina. Note: replacement name for Pseudethas Fairmaire, 1898.Angoleantus Koch, 1952a: 128, 133 [M]. Type species: Rhammatodesstriatulus Koch, 1941, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Rhammatodes Haag-Rutenberg, 1876 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Angolositus Koch, 1955c: 448 [M]. Type species: Angolositussadabandeirus Koch, 1955, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Aniara Melsheimer, 1853: 139 [F]. Type species: Ulomapiceum Melsheimer, 1846, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Eutochia J.L. LeConte, 1862 in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini. Note: name previously attributed to \u201cLacordaire, 1859\u201d in the literature; junior homonym of Aniara Hope, 1838 [Coleoptera: Carabidae].Aniarus Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1964 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Ulomapiceum Melsheimer, 1846, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Eutochia J.L. LeConte, 1862 in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini. Note: unjustified emendation of Aniara Melsheimer, 1853, not in prevailing usage.Anisocara Gebien, 1925e: 101 [N]. Type species: Anisocaragynandromorphum Gebien, 1925, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Platydema Laporte & Brull\u00e9, 1831 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Anisocerus Faldermann, 1837: 39 [M]. Type species: Anisocerustristis Faldermann, 1837, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Ceratanisus Gemminger, 1870 in Pimeliinae: Ceratanisini. Note: junior homonym of Anisocerus Audinet-Serville, 1835 [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae].Anisophaedis Ando, 1993: 107 [M]. Type species: Anisophaedisohkurai Ando, 1993, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Anisosis Deyrolle, 1867: 81, 232 [F]. Type species: Anisosiscaudata Deyrolle, 1867, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini. Note: the alternative original spelling Urosis, used by Anisostira Borchmann, 1915: 296 [F]. Type species: Anisostiravaricolor Borchmann, 1915 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Annamosdara Kaszab, 1941a: 3, 30 [F]. Type species: Annamosdaramultidentata Kaszab, 1941, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Anobriomaia Kaszab, 1941b: 67 [F]. Type species: Anobriomaiasulcata Kaszab, 1941, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Foochounus Pic, 1921 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Anodesis Solier, 1834: 508, 594 [F]. Type species: Anodesiscleryi Solier, 1834, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Anognathena Ando in Anognathenaneraida Ando, 2017, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Anomalipus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831b: pl. 29 [M]. Type species: Blapsdentipes Fabricius, 1794, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina. Note: nomen protectum , by subsequent designation .\u2020Anthracosomus Agassiz, 1846b: 26 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Anthrasomuschevrolatii Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Anthrasomus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Praociini. Note: unjustified emendation of Anthrasomus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, not in prevailing usage.Anthracula Fairmaire, 1897c: 236 [F]. Type species: Anthraculalatifrons Fairmaire, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Anthrasomus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834: 32 [M]. Type species: Anthrasomuschevrolatii Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829 in Pimeliinae: Praociini.Anthrenopsis Koch, 1950c: 74 [F]. Type species: Platydemascriptipennis Fairmaire, 1875 , by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Ellipsodes Wollaston, 1854 in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Anticlia Gistel, 1848a: x, 125 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Opatrumorientale Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Otinia Antoine, 1942 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Aoupinia Matthews, 2003a: 441 [F]. Type species: Aoupiniapseudohelea Matthews, 2003, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Apalmia Fairmaire, 1896a: 60 [F]. Type species: Apalmiacerambycina Fairmaire, 1896, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: incertae sedis.Apasis Pascoe, 1869: 139 [F]. Type species: Apasishowittii Pascoe, 1869, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Apatelus Mulsant & Rey, 1859a: 88, 91 [M]. Type species: Apatelushopei Mulsant & Rey, 1859, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Isopteron Hope, 1841 in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Synonymy: Apatopsis Semenov, 1891: 368 [F]. Type species: Apatopsisgrombczewskii Semenov, 1891, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Euomma Boheman, 1858 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Synonymy: Apentanes Reitter, 1914a: 45, 51 [M]. Type species: Arthrodeisoccidentalis Fairmaire, 1868, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Bradyus Dejean, 1834 in Tenebrioninae: Dissonomini. Synonymy: Aphanaspis Wollaston, 1864: 478 [F]. Type species: Pimeliagranulicollis Wollaston, 1864, by subsequent designation .Aphyllocerus Fairmaire, 1881a: 348 [M]. Type species: Aphyllocerusdecipiens Fairmaire, 1881, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Apistocerus Fairmaire, 1899a: 78 [M]. Type species: Apistoceruswasmanni Fairmaire, 1899, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Rhyzodina Chevrolat, 1873 in Tenebrioninae: Rhysopaussini.Apithesis C.O. Waterhouse, 1881: 476 [F]. Type species: Apithesisobesa C.O. Waterhouse, 1881, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Clitobius Mulsant & Rey, 1859 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina. Synonymy: Aplanasida Reitter, 1917a: 11, 30 [F]. Type species: Asidabrevicosta Solier, 1836, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Glabrasida Escalera, 1910 in Pimeliinae: Asidini. Synonymy: Apocrypha Eschscholtz, 1831: 13 [F]. Type species: Apocryphaanthicoides Eschscholtz, 1831, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Apocryphini.Apocryphodes Matthews, 1998: 704, 765 [M]. Type species: Apocryphodesthompsoni Matthews, 1998, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Apodemus F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 293 [M]. Type species: Anomalipusplanus F\u00e5hraeus, 1870, by subsequent designation .Apostethus Pascoe, 1882: 27 [M]. Type species: Apostethusterrenus Pascoe, 1882, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Adelodemus Haag-Rutenberg, 1878 in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Synonymy: Apristopus Kolbe, 1903: 167 [M]. Type species: Priosceliscrassicornis Westwood, 1842, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Calostegia Westwood, 1843 in Lagriinae: Pycnocerini. Synonymy: Aprosphaena Reitter, 1916c: 140, 142 [F]. Type species: Aprosphaenaadriani Reitter, 1916 , by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Menederopsis Koch, 1954 in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina. Synonymy: Archinamibia Koch, 1952a: 157 [F]. Type species: Archinamibiapeezi Koch, 1952, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Arcothymus Pascoe, 1866a: 476 [M]. Type species: Arcothymuscoenosus Pascoe, 1866 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Note: as mentioned by Arcothymus Pascoe, 1866 is endemic to New Caledonia.Arctylus Dejean, 1834: 180 [M]. Type species: Praocispentagonus Lacordaire, 1830, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829 in Pimeliinae: Praociini. Synonymy: Ardamimicus Smith, 2013: 601 [M]. Type species: Ardamimicuscognatoi Smith, 2013, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Ardeleodes Blaisdell, 1937: 128 [M]. Type species: Eleodestibialis Blaisdell, 1909, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Eleodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Amphidorini. Note: the alternative original spelling Arpeleodes, used by Ardelio Gistel, 1848a: xi [M]. Type species [automatic]: Ulomacornutum Fischer, 1823, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cryphaeus Klug, 1833 in Tenebrioninae: Toxicini: Toxicina. Note: unnecessary replacement name for Anthracias Dejean, 1834.Ardoinia Kaszab, 1969a: 249 [F]. Type species: Ardoiniadiaclinoides Kaszab, 1969, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Alphitobiini.Ardoinia \u00d6zdikmen, 2005: 202 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Orghidaniatorrei Ardoin, 1977, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Spelaebiosis Bousquet & Bouchard, 2018 in Tenebrioninae: Triboliini. Note: replacement name for Orghidania Ardoin, 1977; junior homonym of Ardoinia Kaszab, 1969 [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninae: Alphitobiini].Ardoiniellus Schawaller, 2013a: 138 [M]. Type species: Ardoiniellusmontanus Schawaller, 2013, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lupropini.Arenacara Penrith, 1979: 43, 46 [N]. Type species: Stenocarabrunnipes Haag-Rutenberg, 1877, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Stenocara Solier, 1835 in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini.Arenoblaps G.S. Medvedev, 1999b: 400 [F]. Type species: Blaps hiemalis Semenov-Tjan-Shansky & Bogatchev, 1940, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Blaps Fabricius, 1775 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina.Argasidus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 251 [M]. Type species: Argasidussquamosus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Argenticrinis Louw, 1979: 99, 100 [M]. Type species: Argenticrinishaackei Louw, 1979 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Hypomelina.Argobrachium Fairmaire, 1899d: 216 [N]. Type species: Argobrachiumimpressifrons Fairmaire, 1899, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Argoporis Horn, 1870: 325 [F]. Type species: Cerenopuscostipennis J.L. LeConte, 1851, by subsequent designation , reversal of precedence cannot be used to conserve usage of Argoporis Horn, 1870; an application to the ICZN is necessary to conserve usage of Argoporis Horn, 1870.ignation : 797. StArgutiolana Robiche, 2001: 191 [F]. Type species: Argutiolanamaguini Robiche, 2001, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: transferred from Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini by Argyradelpha G.S. Medvedev, 2005a: 306 [F]. Type species: Argyradelphalopatini G.S. Medvedev, 2005, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Argyrophana Semenov, 1889: 222, 224 [F]. Type species: Argyrophanadeserti Semenov, 1889, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Ariarathus Fairmaire, 1891e: ccxi [M]. Type species: Ariarathusulomoides Fairmaire, 1891 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini.Armalia Casey, 1907: 289, 330 [F]. Type species: Emmenastustexanus J.L. LeConte, 1866, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Armenohelops Nabozhenko, 2002a: 42 [M]. Type species: Armenohelopsarmeniacus Nabozhenko, 2002, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina.Armigena Bouchard & Bousquet, new subgenus [F]. Type species: Nesogenatestaceipes Fairmaire, 1868, by present designation. Status: valid subgenus of Nesogena M\u00e4klin, 1863 in Tenebrioninae: Praeugenini. Note: first proposed by subgenusArmigena, which is currently used as valid, is therefore unavailable , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Stalagmoptera Solsky, 1876 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Synonymy: Arnoldiola Strand, 1928 [Diptera].Arrhabaeus Champion, 1886: 144 [M]. Type species: Arrhabaeusconvexus Champion, 1886, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Dioedus J.L. LeConte, 1862 in Phrenapatinae: Penetini. Synonymy: Arrhenoplita W. Kirby, 1837: 235 [F]. Type species: Ips haemorrhoidalis Fabricius, 1787, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Neomida Latreille, 1829 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Artactes Pascoe, 1868: xii [M]. Type species: Artactesnigritarsis Pascoe, 1868, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Arthrochora Gebien, 1938b: 75 [F]. Type species: Arthrochoraarenicola Gebien, 1938, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Arthroconus Solier, 1851: 238 [M]. Type species: Arthroconuspiceus Solier, 1851 , by subsequent designation  is ignation : 67. StaArthrodeis Solier, 1834: 508, 513 [M]. Type species: Arthrodeisrotundatus Solier, 1834, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Arthroplatus Solier, 1851: 246 [M]. Type species: Arthroplatuspallipes Solier, 1851, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Acropteryx Gistel, 1831 in Tenebrioninae: Acropteronini. Synonymy: Acropteron Perty, 1832, a junior synonym of Acropteryx Gistel, 1831).Arturium Koch, 1951: 83 [N]. Type species: Melanolophusater C.O. Waterhouse, 1885, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina.Artystona Bates, 1874: 104 [F]. Type species: Titaenaerichsonii White, 1846, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Evaniosomini.Asbolius Fairmaire, 1902a: 134 [M]. Type species: Asboliusquadricollis Fairmaire, 1902, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Rhammatodes Haag-Rutenberg, 1876 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Asbolodes Fairmaire, 1892c: 52 [M]. Type species: Asbolodeshumerosus Fairmaire, 1892, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Asbolodomimus Pic, 1921d: 20 [M]. Type species: Asbolodomimussubcarinatus Pic, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Asbolus J.L. LeConte, 1851: 129 [M]. Type species: Asbolusverrucosus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Meneristes Pascoe, 1869 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Asphalina. Synonymy: C.O. Asopidiopsis Kaszab, 1955a: 511, 515 [F]. Type species: Asopidiopsisovalis Kaszab, 1955, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Asopis Haag-Rutenberg, 1878: 104 [F]. Type species: Asopissuavis Haag-Rutenberg, 1878, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Asphaltesthes Kraatz, 1865: 80, 181 [F]. Type species: Mesostenacostata Erichson, 1843, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Asphalus Pascoe, 1868: xii [M]. Type species: Asphalusebeninus Pascoe, 1868, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Asphalina.Asphena Semenov, 1889: 218 [F]. Type species: Asphenakomarowi Semenov, 1889, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cyphostethe Marseul, 1866 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Aspidius Mulsant & Rey, 1859: 123 [M]. Type species: Blapspunctata Fabricius, 1792, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Phaleria Latreille, 1802 in Diaperinae: Phaleriini. Synonymy: Atasthalomorpha Miyatake, 1964: 68, 77 [F]. Type species: Atasthalusdentifrons Lewis, 1894, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini.Atasthalus Pascoe, 1871: 348 [M]. Type species: Atasthalusspectrum Pascoe, 1871, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini.Athrodactyla Klug, 1833: 90 [F]. Type species: Athrodactylaelongata Klug, 1833, by subsequent designation  is Atlasotaurus Bouyon, 2011: 464 [M]. Type species: Omophlusmaroccanus P.H. Lucas, 1846, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Heliotaurus Mulsant, 1856 in Alleculinae: Cteniopodini.Atoichus Carter, 1915a: 72 [M]. Type species: Licymniusbicolor Blackburn, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Atoreuma Gebien, 1941: 1132 [N]. Type species [automatic]: Toreumacupreum Carter, 1913, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Note: replacement name for Eutoreuma Carter, 1914.Atrachyderma Skopin, 1962: 228 [N]. Type species: Pimeliasetosa Faldermann, 1832, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Trachyderma Latreille, 1828 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Note: Pimeliasetosa, the type species, has been attributed to Fischer in the literature; the species was described as \u201cPimeliasetosa Fald.\u201d which, from the context, indicates that Faldermann was responsible for the description of the species.Atractus Boisduval, 1835: 283 [M]. Type species: Atractusviridis Boisduval, 1835, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Gebleria Motschulsky, 1846 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina. Synonymy: G.S. Auristira Borchmann, 1916a: 47, 129 [F]. Type species: Auristiraoctocostata Borchmann, 1916, by present designation. Status: junior synonym of Costiferolagria Pic, 1915 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina. Synonymy: Australoseriscius Koch, 1950c: 65 [M]. Type species: Crypticusexplorator Gebien, 1920, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Pseudoseriscius Espa\u00f1ol, 1950 in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Austrocaribius Marcuzzi, 1954: 18 [M]. Type species: Austrocaribiusvenezuelensis Marcuzzi, 1954, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Blapstinina.Austropalorus Halstead, 1967a: 72, 129 [M]. Type species: Austropalorusplanatus Halstead, 1967, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Palorini.Austropeus Carter, 1924b: 543 [M]. Type species: Austropeuspustulosus Carter, 1924, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Apterotheca Gebien, 1921 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Austroptorina Bai, Li & Ren, 2020: 166 [F]. Type species: Gnaptorinalongicornis Li & Ren, 2004, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Gnaptorinina.Autocera Wollaston, 1857: 154 [F]. Type species: Autoceralaticeps Wollaston, 1857, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cnemeplatia Costa, 1847 in Pimeliinae: Cnemeplatiini: Cnemeplatiina. Synonymy: Axumia Reiche, 1850: pl. 22 [F]. Type species: Axumiapraelonga Reiche, 1850, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Rhytinota Eschscholtz, 1831 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Axynaon Blackburn, 1897a: 34 [N]. Type species: Axynaonchampioni Blackburn, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Azarelius Fairmaire, 1892d: vii [M]. Type species: Azareliussculpticollis Fairmaire, 1892, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: transferred from Rhysopaussini to Amarygmini by Azonoderus Harold, 1879: 125 [M]. Type species: Azonoderustristis Harold, 1879, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Balachowskya Peyerimhoff, 1928: 61 [F]. Type species: Balachowskyaportentosa Peyerimhoff, 1928, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Balassogloa Semenov, 1891: 372 [F]. Type species: Balassogloasphenarioides Semenov, 1891, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Asyleptus P\u00e9ringuey, 1896 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Barsenis Pascoe, 1887: 17 [F]. Type species: Barsenisfulvipes Pascoe, 1887, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Bartolozzia Ferrer, 1998a: 369 [F]. Type species: Bartolozziahispida Ferrer, 1998, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Barycistela Blackburn, 1891: 327 [F]. Type species: Barycistelarobusta Blackburn, 1891, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Baryscelis Boisduval, 1835: 253 [F]. Type species: Baryscelislaticollis Boisduval, 1835, by subsequent designation  and therefore reversal of precedence cannot be used to conserve usage of Ischnodactylus Chevrolat, 1877.ignation : 560. StBasilewskyum Koch, 1952b: 30, 94 [N]. Type species: Basilewskyumstenosinoide Koch, 1952, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Bassianus Matthews & Doyen, 1989: 44 [M]. Type species: Tenebriocolydioides Erichson, 1842, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Asphalina.Batessia Ponting, 2018: 131 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Agastheneswestwoodi Bates, 1873, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Agastenes R. Lucas, 1920 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Note: unnecessary replacement name for Agasthenes Bates, 1873.Batuliodes Casey, 1907: 499 [M]. Type species: Batuliusrotundicollis J.L. LeConte, 1851, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Anepsiini.Batuliomorpha Doyen, 1987: 359 [F]. Type species: Batuliomorphacomata Doyen, 1987, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Anepsiini.Batulius J.L. LeConte, 1851: 148 [M]. Type species: Batuliussetosus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by subsequent designation . Status: valid subgenus of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: the type species \u201cDietysusatricolor Pic\u201d was first established by original designation; Dietysusatricolor Pic of Masumoto (1999) was identical to Dietysusnodicornis Gravely, 1915; we follow the concept of Dietysusatricolor Pic, 1922 is a junior synonym of Amarygmusfilicornis ; Becvaramarygmus Masumoto, 1999 as a junior synonym of the subgenusAmarygmus Dalman, 1823 .Becvarius Masumoto, 1998: 207 [M]. Type species: Becvariusstanislavi Masumoto, 1998, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Bellendenum Matthews, 1998: 704, 794 [N]. Type species: Bellendenumgonyxuthum Matthews, 1998, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Belopomerus Reitter, 1920a: 3 [M]. Type species: Calcarzoufali Reitter, 1915, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Centorus Mulsant, 1854 in Lagriinae: Belopini.Belopus Gebien, 1911a: 459 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Tenebrioelongatus Herbst, 1797, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Centorus Mulsant, 1854 in Lagriinae: Belopini. Note: replacement name for Calcar Dejean, 1821; nomen protectum  by Gnathidiini incertae sedis\u201d by Bia Hope, 1841: 132 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Trogossitathoracica Fabricius, 1792, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Bius Dejean, 1834 in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini. Note: unjustified emendation of Bius Dejean, 1834, not in prevailing usage.Bielawskia Marcuzzi, 1985: 179 [F]. Type species: Bielawskiacubana Marcuzzi, 1985 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Trimytantron Ardoin, 1977 in Pimeliinae: Edrotini. Synonymy: Biolus Mulsant & Rey, 1854: 25 [M]. Type species: Eurynotusasperipennis Mulsant & Rey, 1854 , by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Helops Fabricius, 1775 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina. Synonymy: Bionesus Fairmaire, 1879b: 70 [M]. Type species: Bionesuscinereosparsus Fairmaire, 1879, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Bioplanes Mulsant, 1854: 144 [M]. Type species: Bioplanesmeridionalis Mulsant, 1854, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Dendarina.Bioramix Bates, 1879b: 478 [M]. Type species: Bioramixovalis Bates, 1879, by subsequent designation ; we recommend that an application be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to maintain the type species designation proposed by ignation : 175. StBirolagria Pic, 1956: 86 [F]. Type species: Birolagriacicatricosa Pic, 1956 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Acerogria Borchmann, 1936 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina. Synonymy: Biroum Kaszab, 1956a: 104 [N]. Type species: Biroumparadoxum Kaszab, 1956, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Bius Dejean, 1834: 205 [M]. Type species: Trogossitathoracicus Fabricius, 1792, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini.Blacodatus Koch, 1963: 42 [M]. Type species: Blacodesvertagus Mulsant & Rey, 1859, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Stizopodina.Blacodes Duponchel, 1842a: 590 [M]. Type species: Pedinussulcatus Laporte, 1840, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Blenosia Laporte, 1840 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Stizopodina. Synonymy: Blapida Perty, 1830: 58 [F]. Type species: Blapidaokeni Perty, 1830, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Blapidium Bauer, 1921: 231 [N]. Type species: Blaps ocreata Allard, 1880, by subsequent designation .Blapimorpha Motschulsky, 1860c: 531 [F]. Type species: Blapsreflexa Gebler, 1832, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Note: replacement name for Achaemenes Bogatchev, 1949 (as \u201cAchaemenus\u201d).Bolbophanes Carter, 1913a: 86 [M]. Type species: Paraphanesdumbrelli Lea, 1895, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Rhipidandrus J.L. LeConte, 1862 in Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini. Synonymy: Cherostus C.O. Waterhouse, 1894, a junior synonym of Rhipidandrus J.L. LeConte, 1862).Bolitophagiella Miyatake, 1964: 68, 71 [F]. Type species: Bolitophaguspannosus Lewis, 1894, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini.Bolitophagus Illiger, 1798: 100 [M]. Type species: Silphareticulata Linnaeus, 1767, by subsequent designation ; we recommend that an application be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to maintain the type species designation proposed by C.G. ion C.G. : 115. StBolitotherus Cand\u00e8ze, 1861: 367 [M]. Type species: Bolitophaguscornutus Fabricius, 1801, by subsequent designation  by Boreosaragus Matthews, 1993: 1040, 1067 [M]. Type species: Saraguslugubris Lea, 1897, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Heleina.Borneocamaria Pic, 1917e: 17 [F]. Type species: Borneocamariaatra Pic, 1917, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Borneocistela Pic, 1922d: 18 [F]. Type species: Borneocisteladiversicornis Pic, 1922, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: incertae sedis.Borneogonocnemis Pic, 1936b: 16 [F]. Type species: Borneogonocnemisruficolor Pic, 1936, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Paragonocnemis Kraatz, 1899 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Borneolaena Schawaller, 1998: 2 [F]. Type species: Borneolaenariedeli Schawaller, 1998, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Laenini.Borneosphaerotus Grimm, 2015: 218 [M]. Type species: Borneosphaerotussantubongicus Grimm, 2015, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Borneosphena Purchart & Grimm, 2016: 522 [F]. Type species: Borneosphenafouquei Purchart & Grimm, 2016, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Borneostira Pic, 1912: 53 [F]. Type species: Rouyerusbrevilineatus Pic, 1912, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Rouyerus Pic, 1911 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Borneosynopticus Grimm, 2015: 219 [M]. Type species: Borneosynopticustubericollis Grimm, 2015, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Boromorphus Wollaston, 1854: 492 [M]. Type species: Boromorphusmaderae Wollaston, 1854 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Boromorphini.Bothrasida Casey, 1912: 76, 122 [F]. Type species: Asidaclathrata Champion, 1884, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Stenomorpha Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Bothrichara Borchmann, 1916a: 48, 104 [F]. Type species: Lagriapulchella Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1830, by subsequent designation  is unknown whereas Brachyscelis Dejean was published by 30 June 1834; nomen oblitum , by subsequent designation  is Brittona G.S. Medvedev & Lawrence, 1986: 574 [F]. Type species: Brittonaminuta G.S. Medvedev & Lawrence, 1986, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Hyociini: Brittonina.Broomium Koch, 1950b: 338, 342 [N]. Type species: Broomiumnudum Koch, 1950, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Brosimapsida Ferrer & \u00d8degaard, 2005: 640 [F]. Type species: Brosimapsidagonospoides Ferrer & \u00d8degaard, 2005, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Brycopia Pascoe, 1869: 141 [F]. Type species: Brycopiapilosella Pascoe, 1869, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Note: the First Reviser  is Bulbulus Lesne, 1915: 227, 240 [M]. Type species: Arthrodeisbyrrhiformis Fairmaire, 1892, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Bunamarygmus Masumoto, 1988a: 127 [M]. Type species: Bunamarygmusthailandicus Masumoto, 1988, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Burmanosis G.S. Medvedev, 1995a: 845, 859 [F]. Type species: Stenosiskaszabi G.S. Medvedev, 1995, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Stenosis Herbst, 1799 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina.Buxela Fairmaire, 1894a: 28 [F]. Type species: Buxelasordescens Fairmaire, 1894, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: incertae sedis.Byallius Pascoe, 1869: 42 [M]. Type species: Byalliusreticulatus Pascoe, 1869, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina.Bycrea Pascoe, 1868: xii [F]. Type species: Bycreavillosa Pascoe, 1868, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Trichoton Hope, 1841 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Blapstinina. Synonymy: Byrrhoncus Koch, 1954a: 49 [M]. Type species: Byrrhoncusmonticola Koch, 1954, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina.Byrsax Pascoe, 1860a: 42 [M]. Type species: Byrsaxcoenosus Pascoe, 1860 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini. Note: genus originally described in Tenebrionoidea: Zopheridae: Colydiinae.Byzacnus Pascoe, 1866a: 469 [M]. Type species: Byzacnuspicticollis Pascoe, 1866, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Cabirus Mulsant & Rey, 1853b: 148, 223 [M]. Type species: Cabirusminutissimus Mulsant & Rey, 1853, by subsequent designation .Caecophloeus Dajoz, 1972: 278 [M]. Type species: Caecophloeusfranzi Dajoz, 1972, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina.Caediexis Lebedev, 1932: 125 [F]. Type species: Caediexisarenicola Lebedev, 1932, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina.Caediomorpha Blackburn, 1888: 272 [F]. Type species: Caediomorphaaustralis Blackburn, 1888 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina. Note: moved from the subtribe Ammobiina to Opatrina by Caedius Blanchard, 1845: 13 [M]. Type species: Opatrumsphaeroides Hope, 1843, by subsequent designation .\u2020Calcarosis Penrith, 1977: 21, 98 [F]. Type species: Zophosismichaelis Penrith, 1977, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini. Synonymy: Callicomus Motschulsky, 1860d: 138 [M]. Type species: Diaperisriederii Faldermann, 1833, by subsequent designation  was corrected to Calosis in the \u201cErrata\u201d of the same work (p. 248), Calosis is considered to be the correct original spelling .Calous Koch, 1958: 151 [M]. Type species: Blastarnusmichaelseni Gebien, 1920, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Nicandra Fairmaire, 1888 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina.Calydonella Doyen, 1995: 8 [F]. Type species: Calydonellalisa Doyen, 1995, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Calydoniomorpha Pic, 1917g: 19 [F]. Type species: Calydoniomorphabrevicornis Pic, 1917, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Calydonis Pascoe, 1882: 31 [F]. Type species: Calydonisrefulgens Pascoe, 1882, by subsequent designation , not in prevailing usage.ation R. : 161. StCalymmophorus Solier, 1841a: 209, 245 [M]. Type species: Praociscucullata Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, by subsequent designation  and Galymmaphorus ; however, the incorrect subsequent spelling Calymmophorus, first introduced by ation R. : 161. StCalymmus Montrouzier, 1860: 289 [M]. Type species: Toxicumberardi Montrouzier, 1860, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Toxicini: Dysantina. Note: the name Calymmus was listed as a synonym of Toxicum Latreille, 1802 by Calymmus was made available from its first publication as a synonym , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Camaria Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828: 454 [F]. Type species: Camarianitida Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Camarimena Motschulsky, 1863: 473 [F]. Type species: Camarimenaovicauda Motschulsky, 1863, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Camariocropterum Pic, 1920a: 16 [N]. Type species: Camariocropterumlaticeps Pic, 1920, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Camariodes Fairmaire, 1869b: 232 [M]. Type species: Camariodescoquerelii Fairmaire, 1869 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: the First Reviser  is Camariomorpha Pic, 1915d: 7 [F]. Type species: Camariomorphasingularis Pic, 1915, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Camarothelops Kolbe, 1910: 30 [M]. Type species: Camarothelopsbraueri Kolbe, 1910, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrionidae: incertae sedis. Note: removed from the tribe Helopini and placed as Tenebrionidae incertae sedis by Camphonota Solier, 1836: 195 [F]. Type species: Tenebriosubglobosus Pallas, 1781, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Philhammus Fairmaire, 1871 in Pimeliinae: Cnemeplatiini: Cnemeplatiina. Synonymy: Canariella Hesse, 1918 [Mollusca].Cantaloubeus Ardoin, 1959b: 203 [M]. Type species: Cantaloubeusviridis Ardoin, 1959, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Cantopipleurus Koch, 1943a: 578 [M]. Type species: Tentyriamesostenoides Baudi di Selve, 1881, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Capeluprops Schawaller, 2011: 271, 273 [M]. Type species: Capelupropslaenoides Schawaller, 2011, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lupropini.Capicrypticus Koch, 1950c: 55 [M]. Type species: Lamprocrypticuscapensis Koch, 1950, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Capidium Koch, 1954a: 44 [N]. Type species: Oncotustardus Solier, 1848, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina.Capnisa Dejean, 1836: 197 [F]. Type species: Bradyuskarelini Faldermann, 1836, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Gnathosia Fischer, 1821 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Capnisiceps Chatanay, 1914a: 215 [M]. Type species: Capnisicepsmaindroni Chatanay, 1914, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Capnochroa J.L. LeConte, 1862: 244 [F]. Type species: Cistelafuliginosa Melsheimer, 1846, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina.Capricephalius Koch, 1943a: 492, 508 [M]. Type species: Arthrodibiusbazmanicus Schuster, 1938, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Carabelops Fairmaire, 1899e: 534 [M]. Type species: Carabelopsaenescens Fairmaire, 1899, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Caraboblaps Bauer, 1921: 231 [F]. Type species: none designated. Status: undetermined taxon in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina. Note: this genus was described before 1931 .\u2020Casnonidea Fairmaire, 1882a: 264 [F]. Type species: Casnonideaholomelaena Fairmaire, 1882, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Phtora Germar, 1836 in Diaperinae: Phaleriini. Synonymy: Catapiestus Perty, 1831: xxxviii [M]. Type species: Catapiestuspiceus Perty, 1831, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Catobleps Blair, 1918: 149 [M]. Type species: Catoblepsblattoides Blair, 1918 , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Blatticephalus Heller, 1918 in Tenebrioninae: Falsocossyphini. Synonymy: Catolaena Reitter, 1900a: 282 [F]. Type species: Laenaturkestanica Reitter, 1897, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Catomus Allard, 1876a: 4 [M]. Type species: Catomuspersicus Allard, 1876, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Axynaon Blackburn, 1897 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Caucasohelops Nabozhenko, 2006: 816 [M]. Type species: Eustenomacidiussvetlanae Nabozhenko, 2006, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Eustenomacidius Nabozhenko, 2006 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina.Caucasonotus Nabozhenko, 2000: 107 [M]. Type species: Cylindronotusdombaicus Nabozhenko, 2000, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina.Caudamarygmus Bremer, 2001b: 88, 94 [M]. Type species: Caudamarygmusnotabilis Bremer, 2001, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Caulostena Fairmaire, 1896b: 355 [F]. Type species: Caulostenafoveicollis Fairmaire, 1896, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Mycetocharina.Cauricara Penrith, 1979: 7, 42 [N]. Type species: Stenocaravelox P\u00e9ringuey, 1886, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Stenocara Solier, 1835 in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini.Caverneleodes Triplehorn, 1975: 39 [M]. Type species: Eleodeseasterlai Triplehorn, 1975, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Eleodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Amphidorini.Caxtonana Buck, 1960: 224 [F]. Type species: Caxtonanacostata Buck, 1960, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Apterotheca Gebien, 1921 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Cechenosternum Gebien, 1921b: 9 [N]. Type species: Cechenosternumnigromaculatum Gebien, 1921, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini.Centorus Mulsant, 1854: 272 [M]. Type species: Calcarprocerum Mulsant, 1854, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Lagriinae: Belopini.Centrioptera Mannerheim, 1843: 279 [F]. Type species: Centriopteracaraboides Mannerheim, 1843, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cryptoglossa Solier, 1837 in Pimeliinae: Cryptoglossini. Synonymy: Centrocnemis Kraatz in Heyden and Kraatz, 1882: 330 [F]. Type species: Centrocnemismollis Kraatz, 1882, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Centrocnemita Strand, 1935 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Note: junior homonym of Centrocnemis Signoret, 1852 [Hemiptera].Centrocnemita Strand, 1935a: 284 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Centrocnemismollis Kraatz, 1882, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Lasiostola Dejean, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Note: replacement name for Centrocnemis Kraatz, 1882.Centronopus Solier, 1848: 153, 154, 258 [M]. Type species: Centronopusextensicollis Solier, 1848 , by original designation. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Tenebrioninae: Centronopini.Centropus Jakobson, 1914: 528 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Centronopusextensicollis Solier, 1848 , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Centronopus Solier, 1848 in Tenebrioninae: Centronopini. Note: unjustified emendation of Centronopus Solier, 1848, not in prevailing usage; junior homonym of Centropus Illiger, 1811 [Aves].Cephacerus Rafinesque, 1815: 113 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Erodiusgibbus Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Hoplobrachium Fairmaire, 1886 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Cephalostenus Solier, 1838b: 160, 184 [M]. Type species: Cephalostenusdejeanii Solier, 1838 , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Blepegenes Pascoe, 1868 in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Synonymy: Ceradesmia Gebien, 1920: 49, 63 [F]. Type species: Stenocaraalbicolle Haag-Rutenberg, 1878, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Metriopus Solier, 1835 in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini.Ceramba Fauvel, 1904: 206 [F]. Type species: Cerambahydrovatina Fauvel, 1904, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Menimus Sharp, 1876 in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Gnathidiina. Synonymy: Cerandria Dejean, 1834: 200 [F]. Type species: Trogossitacornuta Fabricius, 1798, by subsequent designation  is ation R. : 178. StChartopteryx Westwood, 1841a: 43 [F]. Type species: Chartopteryxchildrenii Westwood, 1841, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy and First Reviser action : Chaseleodes Thomas, 2015: 122 [F]. Type species: Eleodescurta Champion, 1884, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Eleodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Amphidorini.Chatanayus Ardoin, 1957: 61 [M]. Type species: Chemolanusvillosipes Fairmaire, 1884, by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Anachayus Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: junior homonym of Chatanayus Fleutiaux 1940 [Coleoptera: Elateridae].Cheilopoma Murray, 1867: 20 [N]. Type species: Cheilopomacastaneum Murray, 1867, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Hypophlaeini.Cheirodes Gen\u00e9, 1839: 73 [M]. Type species: Cheirodessardous Gen\u00e9, 1839, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Tenebrioninae: Melanimonini.Cheiroplus Ardoin, 1963a: 129 [M]. Type species: Cheiroplusfreyi Ardoin, 1963, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: the earlier usage of Cheiroplus by Cheirosis Deyrolle, 1867: 81, 220 [F]. Type species: Zophosisovata Faldermann, 1837 , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini.Chemolanus Bates, 1879a: 296 [M]. Type species: Tetraphyllusconsobrinus Fairmaire, 1868 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Cherostus C.O. Waterhouse, 1894: 68 [M]. Type species: Cherostuswalkeri C.O. Waterhouse, 1894, by subsequent designation  by Chilometopon Horn, 1874: 31 [N]. Type species: Trimytisabnormis Horn, 1870, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Pycnocerini.Chirosis Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1806 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Zophosisovata Faldermann, 1837 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cheirosis Deyrolle, 1867 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini. Note: unjustified emendation of Cheirosis Deyrolle, 1867, not in prevailing usage.Chitwania Nov\u00e1k, 2015d: 91 [F]. Type species: Chitwaniakejvali Nov\u00e1k, 2015, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Chlamydion Gistel, 1848a: x [N]. Type species [automatic]: Opatrumorientale Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .Chorasmius Bates, 1868: 310 [M]. Type species: Evaniosomusprocerus Erichson, 1847, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Evaniosomini.Choresmolamus G.S. Medvedev, 1978: 150 [M]. Type species: Dilamusoxianus G.S. Medvedev, 1978, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Dilamus Jacquelin du Val, 1861 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina.Choristopsis Kraatz, 1865: 81, 227 [F]. Type species: Choristopsiscaucasica Kraatz, 1865, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Calyptopsis Solier, 1835 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Chromatia J.L. LeConte, 1862: 244 [F]. Type species: Cistelaamoena Say, 1824, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina.Chromomaea Pascoe, 1866a: 490 [F]. Type species: Chromomaeapicta Pascoe, 1866, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Lepturidea Fauvel, 1862 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Synonymy: Chrysobalus Boisduval, 1835: 267 [M]. Type species: Chrysobalusfulgidipennis Boisduval, 1835, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy: Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841. Note: nomen oblitum; we provide references to support the conservation of Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841 as the valid name for this genus , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Hemicera Laporte & Brull\u00e9, 1831 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Chrysomeloidea: Chrysomelidae.Chrysomaia Kulzer, 1952: 755, 756 [F]. Type species: Eucyrtuscarbunculus Fairmaire, 1885, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Augolesthus Motschulsky, 1872 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Chrysopeplus Gebien, 1942a: 755 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Helopsexpolitus Broun, 1880, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: replacement name for Leiopeplus Broun, 1893.Cibdelis Mannerheim, 1843: 282 [F]. Type species: Cibdelisblaschkii Mannerheim, 1843, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Cilioncotus Koch, 1954a: 41 [M]. Type species: Oncotusnamaquanus Koch, 1954, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Oncotus Blanchard, 1845 in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina.Cillibus Matthews, 1993: 1040, 1078 [M]. Type species: Saragusblackburni W.J. MacLeay, 1888, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Heleina.Cimicia Fairmaire, 1891a: lxxxix [F]. Type species: Cimiciaspinipes Fairmaire, 1891, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Cimicichora Koch, 1952b: 38 [F]. Type species: Cimicichoracrenulata Koch, 1952, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Cimiciopsis Koch, 1952b: 21, 87 [F]. Type species: Cimiciopsiscastleae Koch, 1952, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Cimipsa Peyerimhoff, 1911: 346 [F]. Type species: Cimipsasergenti Peyerimhoff, 1911, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Circomus Fleischer, 1900: 236 [M]. Type species: Hypophlaeussubdepressus Wollaston, 1864, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Palorus Mulsant, 1854 in Tenebrioninae: Palorini. Synonymy: Cirsa P.H. Lucas, 1857: lvi [F]. Type species: Cirsastriaticollis P.H. Lucas, 1857, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Micipsa P.H. Lucas, 1855 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Cirta Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1831 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Cirsastriaticollis P.H. Lucas, 1857, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cirsa P.H. Lucas, 1857 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Note: unjustified emendation of Cirsa P.H. Lucas, 1857, not in prevailing usage.Cissides Chatanay, 1915a: 475, 495 [M]. Type species: Heterophyluspunctatissimus Fairmaire, 1869, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina.Cistela Fabricius, 1775: 116 [F]. Type species: Chrysomelasulphurea Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Phrenapatinae: Penetini. Note: replacement name for Phtora Mulsant, 1854.Clastopus Fairmaire, 1898b: 407 [M]. Type species: Clastopuseurynotoides Fairmaire, 1898, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Claudegirardius Iwan, 1999b: 372 [M]. Type species: Claudegirardiusbertiae Iwan, 1999, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Clavatoodescelis Kaszab, 1940b: 942, 974 [F]. Type species: Platyscelismelas Fischer, 1823, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Oodescelis Motschulsky, 1845 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini. Note: the First Reviser  is Cleognathus Gebien, 1921b: 154 [M]. Type species: Cleognathusprosternalis Gebien, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Cleolaus Champion, 1886: 142 [M]. Type species: Penetasommeri Lacordaire, 1859, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Phrenapatinae: Penetini.Cleomis Fairmaire, 1892c: 54 [M]. Type species: Cleomisviolaceipes Fairmaire, 1892, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina. Note: the original combination of the accepted name of the type species, Opatrumovatum Erichson, 1843, is a junior primary homonym of Opatrumovatum Fabricius, 1801.Clypeophtora F. Soldati & L. Soldati, 2003: 4 [F]. Type species: Phtoratronqueti F. Soldati & L. Soldati, 2003, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Phtora Germar, 1836 in Diaperinae: Phaleriini.Cnecosochara Reitter, 1913: 660 [F]. Type species: Cnecosocharapetriiformis Reitter, 1913, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Cteniopodini.Cnemandrosus Gebien, 1927: 42 [M]. Type species: Eucyrtussemipurpureus Fairmaire, 1896, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Plamius Fairmaire, 1896 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Cnemeplatia Costa, 1847: 146 [F]. Type species: Cnemeplatiaatropos Costa, 1847, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cnemeplatiini: Cnemeplatiina.Cnemodasus Gebien, 1914b: 374 [M]. Type species: Cnemodasusrectangulus Gebien, 1914, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Coelomorpha Casey, 1890a: 182 [F]. Type species: Coelomorphamaritima Casey, 1890, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Coelus Eschscholtz, 1829 in Pimeliinae: Coniontini. Synonymy: Coelopalorus Blair, 1930: 135 [M]. Type species: Palorusfoveicollis Blair, 1930 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Ulomina Baudi di Selve, 1876 in Tenebrioninae: Palorini. Synonymy: Scupola (2002: 186).Coelophanes Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1964: 309 [M]. Type species: Hedyphanesimpressicollis Faldermann, 1837 , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Hedyphanes Fischer, 1820 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina. Synonymy: Coelopleurum Gebien, 1921b: 35 [N]. Type species: Coelopleurumglabratum Gebien, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina.Coelosattus Blaisdell, 1927: 166 [M]. Type species: Coelosattusfortineri Blaisdell, 1927 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Eusattus J.L. LeConte, 1851 in Pimeliinae: Coniontini. Synonymy: Coelotaxis Horn, 1876b: 200 [F]. Type species: Coelotaxispunctulata Horn, 1876, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Mesostena Eschscholtz, 1831 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Compsocula Fairmaire, 1898a: 236 [F]. Type species: Stenogenaapicata Fairmaire, 1896, by subsequent designation  and therefore Coscinoptilix is considered the correct original spelling .\u2020Cribrasida Reitter, 1917a: 11, 38 [F]. Type species: Asidagrandipalpis Allard, 1869, by subsequent designation ; junior homonym of Cryptadius J.L. LeConte, 1851 [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae: Edrotini].Cryptadius J.L. LeConte, 1851: 140 [M]. Type species: Cryptadiusinflatus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Cryptasida Koch, 1962a: 129 [F]. Type species: Asidanamaqua P\u00e9ringuey, 1899, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Crypticanus Fairmaire, 1897f: 119 [M]. Type species: Crypticanuscuneatus Fairmaire, 1897 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Crypticocatops Kaszab, 1975c: 102 [M]. Type species: Platydemacatopoides Fairmaire, 1896, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Microcrypticus Gebien, 1921 in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Crypticoides Fairmaire, 1898d: 389 [M]. Type species: Crypticoidesmellyi Fairmaire, 1898, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Oxycara Solier, 1835 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Crypticomorpha Casey, 1908: 81, 140 [F]. Type species: Coniontistenuis Casey, 1908, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Coniontis Eschscholtz, 1829 in Pimeliinae: Coniontini. Synonymy: Crypticopsis Antoine, 1945: 270 [F]. Type species: Crypticuscorticeus Fairmaire, 1871, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Crypticus Latreille, 1816 in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Crypticus Latreille, 1816: 298 [M]. Type species: Helopsglaber Fabricius, 1775 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Cryptobates Fairmaire, 1882a: 231 [M]. Type species: Cryptobatesrubigineus Fairmaire, 1882, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Cryptobatoides Kaszab, 1941a: 2, 15 [F]. Type species: Cryptobatoidesopaca Kaszab, 1941, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Cryptobrachys Kaszab, 1941a: 4, 14 [M]. Type species: Cryptobatescrassecostatus Fairmaire, 1898, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Cryptocarpes Koch, 1952a: 191 [M]. Type species: Cryptocarpeselongatus Koch, 1952, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Caenocrypticus Gebien, 1920 in Pimeliinae: Caenocrypticini. Note: the First Reviser  is Cryptochile Latreille, 1828: 576 [F]. Type species: Pimeliamaculata Fabricius, 1781, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cryptochilini: Cryptochilina. Note: discovery of the older unused name Phymatium Billberg, 1820 threatens the validity of Cryptochile Latreille, 1828 and its associated family-group names currently used as valid; we recommend that an application be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve usage of Cryptochile Latreille, 1828.Cryptogenius Solier, 1843: 37, 122 [M]. Type species: Cryptogeniusdentatus Solier, 1843, by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Phrynocolus Lacordaire, 1859 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina. Note: junior homonym of Cryptogenius Westwood, 1842 [Coleoptera: Hybosoridae].Cryptoglossa Solier, 1837a: 638, 680 [F]. Type species: Cryptoglossabicostata Solier, 1837, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cryptoglossini.Cryptohelops Nabozhenko & Kirejtshuk, 2014: 68 [M]. Type species: Cryptohelopsmenaticus Nabozhenko & Kirejtshuk, 2014, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina. Note: described from Middle-Upper Paleocene deposits (France).\u2020Cryptomysia Pic, 1954: 260 [F]. Type species: Cryptomysiaminor Pic, 1954, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina.Cryptops Solier, 1851: 235 [M]. Type species: Cryptopsulomoides Solier, 1851 , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Alphitobius Stephens, 1829 in Tenebrioninae: Alphitobiini. Synonymy: Gemminger in Cryptops Leach, 1814 [Chilopoda].Cryptostenophanes Kaszab, 1941a: 5, 12 [M]. Type species: Cryptostenophanesborneensis Kaszab, 1941, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Cryptotrophus Gistel, 1848a: xi [M]. Type species [automatic]: Pimeliamaculata Fabricius, 1781, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cryptochile Latreille, 1828 in Pimeliinae: Cryptochilini: Cryptochilina. Note: unnecessary replacement name for Cryptochile Latreille, 1828.Cryptozoon Schaufuss, 1882: 47 [N]. Type species: Cryptozooncivile Schaufuss, 1882, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Saragus Erichson, 1842 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Heleina. Synonymy: Eusattuswebsteri Casey, 1891 is a synonym of the Australian species Celibecostata Solier, 1848.Cylindrinotus Faldermann, 1837: 73 [M]. Type species: Cylindrinotuslugubris Faldermann, 1837 , by subsequent designation  as a synonym of Helopsfemoratus Faldermann, 1837, he is deemed to have designated the latter as type species , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cymatothes Dejean, 1834 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: unjustified emendation of Cymatothes Dejean, 1834, not in prevailing usage; the older name Cymatodes W. Kirby & Spence, 1828 [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] is not nomenclaturally available.Cymatothes Dejean, 1834: 208 [M]. Type species: Helopsundatus Fabricius, 1792 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Cymbeba Pascoe, 1866a: 483 [F]. Type species: Cymbebadissimilis Pascoe, 1866, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Note: as mentioned by Cymbeba Pascoe, 1866 is endemic to New Caledonia.Cynaeus J.L. LeConte, 1862: 233 [M]. Type species: Platydemaangusta J.L. LeConte, 1851, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina.Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841a: 43 [M]. Type species: Helopsrugosus Gray, 1831, by subsequent designation  is ignation : 547. StCyphelops Fairmaire, 1901a: 73 [M]. Type species: Cyphelopsinflatus Fairmaire, 1901, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Miotodera Fairmaire, 1901 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Synonymy: Cyphogenia Solier, 1837a: 638, 677 [F]. Type species: Tenebrioauritus Pallas, 1781, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Akidini.Cyphonotus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831a: pl. 5 [M]. Type species: Cyphonotusdromedarius Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Homocyrtus Dejean, 1834 in Tenebrionidae: incertae sedis. Note: junior homonym of Cyphonotus Fischer, 1823 [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae].Cyphostethe Marseul, 1866: xxxix [F]. Type species: Himatismusferrugineus Marseul, 1866, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Cyrtosoma Perty, 1830: 59 [N]. Type species: Cyrtosomaunicolor Perty, 1830, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Cyrtostrongylium Blair, 1929a: 246 [N]. Type species: Cyrtostrongyliumrhysopaussoides Blair, 1929 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Macrosynopticus Pic, 1922 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Cyrtotyche Pascoe, 1866a: 469 [F]. Type species: Cyrtotychesatanas Pascoe, 1866, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Cyrtotyctus Kolbe, 1897a: 241 [M]. Type species: Cyrtotyctusosdaroides Kolbe, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Dactylocalcar Gebien, 1938b: 46 [N]. Type species: Dactylocalcarcaecus Gebien, 1938, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini.Daedrosis Bates, 1868: 266 [F]. Type species: Daedrosiscrenatostriata Bates, 1868, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Gonocephalum Solier, 1834 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina. Synonymy: Dasyplonyx Bremer, 2014a: 37 [M]. Type species: Cyriogetonmaculosus Pic, 1922, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Dasytoxystropus Pic, 1921b: 12 [M]. Type species: Dasytoxystropussubparallelus Pic, 1921, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Xystropodina.Dauresia Ferrer, 2001: 187 [F]. Type species: Dauresiamontisusti Ferrer, 2001, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Davaona Borchmann, 1930a: 442, 524 [F]. Type species: Casnonideaperforata Borchmann, 1913, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Debeauxiella Bouchard & Bousquet, new subgenus [F]. Type species: Pachyceraangulophthalma Koch, 1943, by present designation. Status: valid subgenus of Hyperops Eschscholtz, 1831 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Note: Debeauxiella for three nominal species, but unfortunately did not designate a type species; the subgenusDebeauxiella, which has been treated as valid since 1943, is therefore unavailable , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Scotoderus Perroud & Montrouzier, 1865 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Dechiustes Blair, 1940: 137 [M]. Type species: Dechiustescarolinensis Blair, 1940, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Decialma Pascoe, 1869: 288, 291 [F]. Type species: Decialmatenuitarsis Pascoe, 1869, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Olisthaena Erichson, 1842 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy: Decoriplus Louw, 1979: 117, 120 [M]. Type species: Psammodespictus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Oxurina.Delognatha Agassiz, 1846b: 116, 118 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Tentyriaaequalis Tauscher, 1812, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Dailognatha Steven, 1828 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Note: unjustified emendation of Dailognatha Steven, 1828, not in prevailing usage; suppressed for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy and placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology by the Delognatha Lacordaire, 1859a: 315 [F]. Type species: Delognathalacordairei Lacordaire, 1859, by subsequent designation  was used as the type species of Dendarus  tristis Rossi\u201d).ignation : pl. 48.us e.g., : 299 becDendroscopius Gistel, 1848a: 125 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Trogossitathoracica Fabricius, 1792, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Bius Dejean, 1834 in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini. Note: unnecessary replacement name for Bius Dejean, 1834.Dengitha Reitter, 1887b: 516 [F]. Type species: Dengithalutea Reitter, 1887, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Dentatoploedipus Kaszab, 1984: 355, 383 [M]. Type species: Dentatoploedipussembilanicus Kaszab, 1984, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Dentibirus G.S. Medvedev, 1968a: 170, 204 [M]. Type species: Heliopatespusillus M\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s, 1849, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Cabirutus Strand, 1929 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Pedinina. Synonymy: Deplanchesia Fauvel, 1860: 310 [F]. Type species: Deplanchesiametallescens Fauvel, 1860, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Deretus Gahan, 1900: 10 [M]. Type species: Deretusdenticollis Gahan, 1900, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Deriles Motschulsky, 1872: 24 [M]. Type species: Upisexcavata Herbst, 1797, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Amenophis J. Thomson, 1858 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: we act as First Revisers and reject the alternative original spelling Derilis, used by Derispia Lewis, 1894: 389 [F]. Type species: Diaperismaculipennis Marseul, 1876, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Leiochrinini.Derispiella Kaszab, 1961a: 357, 364 [F]. Type species: Derispiellahingstoni Kaszab, 1961, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Leiochrinini.Derispiola Kaszab, 1946a: 30, 115 [F]. Type species: Derispiolafruhstorferi Kaszab, 1946, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Leiochrinini. Note: Derispiola was used earlier by Derispiolina Kaszab, 1979b: 279 [F]. Type species: Derispiolinapterolomoides Kaszab, 1979, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Falsotithassa Pic, 1934 in Lagriinae: Lupropini. Synonymy: Derolagria Borchmann, 1916a: 61 [F]. Type species: Lagriaplicatula Borchmann, 1909, by subsequent designation  without original type species designation; it is therefore unavailable from that date , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Mechanetes C.O. Waterhouse, 1887 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Diachoriops Ando, 2020: 8 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Schizommacucumericola Gebien, 1921, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: replacement name for Schizomma Gebien, 1921.Diacis Koch, 1955a: 105 [M]. Type species: Trachynotusregalis Haag-Rutenberg, 1876, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Somaticus Hope, 1841 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina.Diaclina Jacquelin du Val, 1861: 296 [F]. Type species: Tenebriochrysomelinus Herbst, 1799 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Alphitobiini.Diaderma Koch, 1960: 399, 405 [N]. Type species: Diadermapunticum Koch, 1960, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina.Diaperis Geoffroy, 1762: 337 [F]. Type species: Chrysomelaboleti Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent monotypy , by subsequent designation  are ation R. : 236. StDiceroderes Solier, 1841b: 30, 46 [M]. Type species: Diceroderesmexicanus Solier, 1841, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Toxicini: Dysantina.Dichastops Gerstaecker, 1871: 63 [M]. Type species: Dichastopssubaeneus Gerstaecker, 1871, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lupropini.Dichillesthes Reitter, 1916d: 156 [F]. Type species: Dichilluscordicollis Reitter, 1886, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Dichillus Jacquelin du Val, 1860 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina.Dichillinus Reitter, 1916d: 156, 161 [M]. Type species: Tageniapusilla M\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s, 1849, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation . Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Dichotymus Fairmaire, 1891f: ccxcv [M]. Type species: Dichotymusstriatipennis Fairmaire, 1891, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Dichromma Mulsant & Rey, 1855: 94 [N]. Type species: Pandarinusforaminosus Mulsant & Rey, 1855, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Paroderus Mulsant & Rey, 1854 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Dendarina. Synonymy: Paroderus Mulsant & Rey, 1854).Dichtha Haag-Rutenberg, 1871: 39 [F]. Type species: Cryptogeniusinflatus Gerstaecker, 1854, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina.Dicraeosis Gebien, 1911a: 355 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Dicraeusbacillus Marseul, 1876, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Stenochinus Motschulsky, 1860 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: replacement name for Dicraeus Marseul, 1876.Dicraeus Marseul, 1876: 103 [M]. Type species: Dicraeusbacillus Marseul, 1876, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Stenochinus Motschulsky, 1860 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Dicraeus Loew, 1873 [Diptera].Dictysomorphus Pic, 1921d: 24 [M]. Type species: Dictysomorphusdentaticornis Pic, 1921, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Ceropria Laporte & Brull\u00e9, 1831 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Dictysus Rye, 1874: 281 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Dietysusconfusus Pascoe, 1866 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: unjustified emendation for Dietysus Pascoe, 1866, not in prevailing usage.Dicyrtodes Matthews, 1998: 706, 740 [M]. Type species: Dicyrtodesarneius Matthews, 1998, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Dicyrtus Duponchel, 1844a: 5 [M]. Type species: Dicyrtusgibbosus Duponchel, 1844, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Note: combined description of a new genus and single new species , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Dignamptus J.L. LeConte, 1878: 421 [M]. Type species: Dignamptusstenochinus J.L. LeConte, 1878, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Macellocerus Solier, 1848 in Tenebrioninae: Toxicini: Nycteropina. Note: discovery of this forgotten name threatens the stability of the junior synonym Macellocerus Solier, 1848; although Dillacerus Solier, 1835 has not been used as valid in the literature after 1899, we could not find usage of Macellocerus Solier, 1848 in at least 25 works, published by at least ten authors in the immediately preceding 50 years, and therefore reversal of precedence cannot be used to treat Dillacerus Solier, 1835 as a nomen oblitum; we recommend that an application be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve usage of Macellocerus Solier, 1848, a genus that includes approximately 50 valid species.Dilopersina Reitter, 1909a: 117 [F]. Type species: Prosodesjakowlewi Semenov, 1894, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Dimeriseis Solier, 1834: 530 [F]. Type species: Erodiuslaevigatus G.-A. Olivier, 1792, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Erodius Fabricius, 1775 in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Dischidus Kolbe, 1886: 297 [M]. Type species: Helopssinuatus Fabricius, 1801 , by present designation. Status: junior synonym of Taraxides C.O. Waterhouse, 1876 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Tenebriolaevigatus Fabricius, 1781, is a junior primary homonym of Tenebriolaevigatus Linnaeus, 1767.Dischizillus Wasmann, 1902: 244 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Schizillusrogersi Wasmann, 1899, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Pseudethas Fairmaire, 1896 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina. Note: replacement name for Schizillus Wasmann, 1899.Discodemus J.L. LeConte, 1862: 223 [M]. Type species: Zophosisreticulata Say, 1824, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Eusattus J.L. LeConte, 1851 in Pimeliinae: Coniontini. Synonymy: J.L. Discogenia J.L. LeConte, 1866b: 117 [F]. Type species: Eleodesscabricula J.L. LeConte, 1858, by subsequent designation .ignation : 258. StDolichoderus Klug, 1833: 87 [M]. Type species: Dolichoderusacuminatus Klug, 1833, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Macellocerus Solier, 1848 in Tenebrioninae: Toxicini: Nycteropina. Note: junior homonym of Dolichoderus Lund, 1831 [Hymenoptera].Doliema Pascoe, 1860a: 50 [N]. Type species: Doliemaplatisoides Pascoe, 1860, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Adelina Dejean, 1835 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina. Synonymy: Fleutiaux and Sall\u00e9 (1890: 428), Doliodesmus Spilman, 1967: 149 [M]. Type species: Doliodesmuscharlesi Spilman, 1967, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina.Doliopines Horn, 1894: 427 [M]. Type species: Doliopinescucujinus Horn, 1894, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina.Dolphus Blanchard, 1847: pl. 11 [M]. Type species: Dolphusglobipennis Blanchard, 1847, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: incertae sedis.Donaciolagria Pic, 1914b: 14 [F]. Type species: Donaciolagriaimpressipennis Pic, 1914, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Donisiellus Bremer, 1992: 111, 113 [M]. Type species: Donisiellusdecellei Bremer, 1992, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini.Doranalia Nov\u00e1k, 2020c: 481 [F]. Type species: Cistelarufipennis Marseul, 1876, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Dordanea Reitter, 1887a: 357 [F]. Type species: Dordaneaelegans Reitter, 1887, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Microdera Eschscholtz, 1831 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Dorelogena P\u00e9ringuey, 1904: 280 [F]. Type species: Dorelogenacastanea P\u00e9ringuey, 1904, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Polposipus Solier, 1848 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Dysgena M\u00e4klin, 1863b: 558 [F]. Type species: Dysgenalugubris M\u00e4klin, 1863, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Laena Dejean, 1821 in Lagriinae: Laenini. Synonymy: Laena Dejean, 1821). Note: originally described in the family Carabidae.Eccoptostira Borchmann, 1936: 236, 377 [F]. Type species: Nemostirarohdei Pic, 1912, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina. Note: we act as First Revisers and reject the alternative original spelling Ecoptostira, used by Eccoptostoma Gebien, 1913: 70 [N]. Type species: Taraxidesruficrus Fairmaire, 1894, by present designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: redescribed as new by Echinotrigon Skopin, 1973: 170 [M]. Type species: Trigonoscelisgranulata Reitter, 1915, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Trigonoscelis Dejean, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Echinotus Solier, 1843: 30 [M]. Type species: Sepidium spinicolle Laporte, 1840, by original designation [p. 122]. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Sepidiina.Echocerus Horn, 1870: 364, 366 [M]. Type species: Trogossitamaxillosa Fabricius, 1801, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Gnatocerus Thunberg, 1814 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina.Ecnocera Borchmann, 1936: 22, 220 [F]. Type species: Porrolagriagracilis Borchmann, 1909, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Ecnolagria Borchmann, 1916a: 49, 139 [F]. Type species: Lagriagrandis Gyllenhal, 1817, by original designation. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Ecnomoderes Gebien, 1928: 109, 110 [M]. Type species: Ecnomoderesbarbatus Gebien, 1928, by subsequent designation , not in prevailing usage.monotypy : 261. StElasmocera M\u00e4klin, 1867: 504 [F]. Type species: Elasmoceradentipes M\u00e4klin, 1867, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Elasmocerella Strand, 1935 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Note: junior homonym of Elasmocera Rondani, 1846 [Diptera].Elasmocerella Strand, 1935b: 302 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Elasmoceradentipes M\u00e4klin, 1867, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Note: replacement name for Elasmocera M\u00e4klin, 1867.Eleates Casey, 1886: 253 [M]. Type species: Eleatesoccidentalis Casey, 1886, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini.Eledona Latreille, 1797: 19 [F]. Type species: Opatrumagricola Herbst, 1783, by subsequent monotypy , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Ellaemus Pascoe, 1866c: 495 [M]. Type species: Emcephalussubmaculatus Br\u00eame, 1842, by present designation. Status: junior synonym of Emcephalus W. Kirby, 1828 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Heleina. Synonymy: Ellidoneus Wilke, 1922: 277 [M]. Type species: Cardigeniusgranulatus Fairmaire, 1873, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Cardigenius Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Ellipsodes Wollaston, 1854: 485 [M]. Type species: Sphaeridiumglabratum Fabricius, 1781, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Elomosda Bates, 1870: 273 [F]. Type species: Elomosdabeltii Bates, 1870, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Elongasida Escalera, 1906: 306 [F]. Type species: Asidagrandipalpis Allard, 1869, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Nyctoporis Eschscholtz, 1831 in Pimeliinae: Nyctoporini. Note: unjustified emendation of Enneacoides Fairmaire, 1881, not in prevailing usage.Emeax Pascoe, 1866a: 450 [M]. Type species: Emeaxsculpturatus Pascoe, 1866 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Nyctoporis Eschscholtz, 1831 in Pimeliinae: Nyctoporini. Synonymy: J.L. Nyctoporis Eschscholtz, 1831 is endemic to the Nearctic realm.Emmallodera Blanchard, 1842: pl. 13 [F]. Type species: Emmalloderacrenaticostata Blanchard, 1842, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Scotobiini. Note: unjustified emendation of the original spelling Emalodera, introduced by Emmallus Agassiz, 1846b: 137 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Emmaluspilosus Erichson, 1843, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Emmalus Erichson, 1843 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina. Note: unjustified emendation of Emmalus Erichson, 1843, not in prevailing usage.Emmalus Erichson, 1843: 251 [M]. Type species: Emmaluspilosus Erichson, 1843, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina.Emmenastrichus Horn, 1894: 413 [M]. Type species: Emmenastrichuscribratus Horn, 1894, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .Encephalus Agassiz, 1846b: 137 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Emcephalusgibbosus W. Kirby, 1828, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Emcephalus W. Kirby, 1828 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Heleina. Note: unjustified emendation of Emcephalus W. Kirby, 1828, not in prevailing usage; junior homonym of Encephalus Stephens, 1832 [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae].Encyalesthus Motschulsky, 1860d: 139 [M]. Type species: Encyalesthussubviolaceus Motschulsky, 1860, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Derosphaerus J. Thomson, 1858 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Endostomus Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1973 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Cossyphussenegalensis Laporte, 1833, by subsequent monotypy , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Leichenum Dejean, 1834 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Leichenina. Synonymy: Endroeditagalus Schawaller & Bouchard, 2019: 192 [M]. Type species: Endroeditagalusntsubanus Schawaller & Bouchard, 2019, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Phrenapatinae: Penetini.Endustomus Br\u00eame, 1842b: 17 [M]. Type species: Cossyphussenegalensis Laporte, 1833, by subsequent monotypy , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Nyctoporis Eschscholtz, 1831 in Pimeliinae: Nyctoporini. Synonymy: Ennychiatus Koch, 1963: 28 [M]. Type species: Stizopuscaraboides Fairmaire, 1897, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Parastizopus Gebien, 1938 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Stizopodina. Synonymy: Ennychius F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 299 [M]. Type species: Ennychiusmorio F\u00e5hraeus, 1870, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Helibatus Mulsant & Rey, 1859 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Stizopodina. Synonymy: Enoplopus Solier, 1848: 151, 158 [M]. Type species [automatic]: fixed herein .\u2020Eocallidium Haupt, 1950: 143 [N]. Type species: Eocallidiumrugulosum Haupt, 1950, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrionidae: incertae sedis. Note: originally included in the family Cerambycidae, transferred to Tenebrionidae by Vitali (2008: 8); described from Middle Eocene deposits (Germany).\u2020Eocyphogenia G.S. Medvedev, 1968b: 897, 898 [F]. Type species: Akisrugipennis Faldermann, 1835, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Cyphogenia Solier, 1837 in Pimeliinae: Akidini. Synonymy: Eodirosis Kwieton, 1980: 25 [F]. Type species: Erodiusquadrilineatus Kraatz, 1865, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Erodius Fabricius, 1775 in Pimeliinae: Erodiini. Note: the original combination of the accepted name of the type species, Erodiusquadrilineatus Kraatz, 1865, is a junior primary homonym of Erodiusquadrilineatus G.-A. Olivier, 1792.Eodromus Haupt, 1950: 113, 120 [M] Type species: \u2020Ancylochiraagilis Meunier, 1915, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: incertae sedis. Note: originally proposed in the family Carabidae by Edromus, used by \u2020Eohelaeus Haupt, 1950: 115, 135 [M]. Type species: Eohelaeussublaevis Haupt, 1950, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrionidae: incertae sedis. Note: described from Middle Eocene deposits (Germany).\u2020Epairops F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 282 [M]. Type species: Epairopsfragilis F\u00e5hraeus, 1870, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Ossiporis Pascoe, 1866 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina. Synonymy: Epairopsis Koch, 1955a: 47 [F]. Type species: Trachynotusfrontalis Haag-Rutenberg, 1873, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina.Epantius J.L. LeConte, 1851: 144 [M]. Type species: Epantiusobscurus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Eulabini.Epeurycaulus Kolbe, 1902a: 579 [M]. Type species: Epeurycaulusaldabricus Kolbe, 1902, by present designation. Status: junior synonym of Plesioderes Mulsant, 1859 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina. Synonymy: Ephalus J.L. LeConte, 1862: 228 [M]. Type species: Heliopateslatimanus J.L. LeConte, 1847, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina. Note: transferred from Ammobiina by Ephidonius Pascoe, 1869: 151 [M]. Type species: Ephidoniusacuticornis Pascoe, 1869, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Brises Pascoe, 1869 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Heleina. Synonymy: Epicalla Lacordaire, 1859a: 309 [F]. Type species: Epicallavaripes Champion, 1886, by subsequent designation  is conditionally included; Epitragusfuscus Latreille, 1804 in association with this name, was the first author to subsequently and expressly include a nominal species in Epitragus , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Ammidium Erichson, 1843 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina. Synonymy: Eremophaleria Espa\u00f1ol, 1951: 32, 34 [F]. Type species: Phaleriabedeli Chobaut, 1900, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Phaleria Latreille, 1802 in Diaperinae: Phaleriini.Eremostibes Koch, 1963: 60 [M]. Type species: Eremostibesopacus Koch, 1963, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Stizopodina.Ergenna Fairmaire, 1897f: 139 [F]. Type species: Ergennacaerulescens Fairmaire, 1897, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Praeugena Laporte, 1840 in Tenebrioninae: Praeugenini. Synonymy: Erionura Reitter, 1903: 18 [F]. Type species: Helopsgiganteus Kraatz, 1862, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Ernocharis C.G. Thomson, 1859: 118 [F]. Type species: Cistelabrevis Illiger, 1794 , by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Mycetochara Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1827 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Mycetocharina.Erodibius L\u00f6bl, Bouchard, Merkl & Bousquet, 2020: 2 [M]. Type species: Arthrodeiscyphonotus Fairmaire, 1887, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Arthrodibius Lesne, 1915 in Pimeliinae: Erodiini. Note: name first proposed by Arthrodeiscyphonotus Fairmaire, 1887 as the type species of Koch\u2019s name but did not explicitly indicate the genus-group name as intentionally new , by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Prionychus Solier, 1835 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Synonymy: Eryx Daudin, 1803 [Reptilia].Erzika Nov\u00e1k, 2020d: 53 [F]. Type species: Erzikatamdaoica Nov\u00e1k, 2020, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Eschatomoxys Blaisdell, 1935: 125 [M]. Type species: Eschatomoxyswagneri Blaisdell, 1935, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Eschatoporis Blaisdell, 1906: 76 [F]. Type species: Eschatoporisnunenmacheri Blaisdell, 1906, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Eschatoporiini.Eschatostena Keleinikova, 1977: 654 [F]. Type species: Eschatostenakuznetzovi Keleinikova, 1977, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Esemephe Steiner, 1980: 385 [F]. Type species: Esemephetumi Steiner, 1980, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cossyphodini: Esemephina.Espagnolina Kaszab, 1965: 117 [F]. Type species: Espagnolinaassamica Kaszab, 1965, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina.Espidium Rafinesque, 1815: 113 [N]. Type species [automatic]: Sepidium tricuspidatum Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation ; we recommend that an application be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to maintain the type species designation proposed by ignation : 778. StEubalia Laporte, 1840: 257 [F]. Type species: Statiraovalis Laporte, 1840, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina.Euboeus Boieldieu, 1865: 10 [M]. Type species: Euboeusmimonti Boieldieu, 1865, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Eucaliga Fairmaire & Germain, 1861: 5 [F]. Type species: Eucaligasanguinicollis Fairmaire & Germain, 1861, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Eucamaria Gebien, 1919: 28, 149 [F]. Type species: Camariaspectabilis Pascoe, 1860, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Falsocamaria Pic, 1917 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Eucamptus Germar, 1842: 444 [M]. Type species: Eucamptusiridis Germar, 1842 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Hegemona Laporte, 1840 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Euclarkia Lea, 1919: 180 [F]. Type species: Euclarkiacostata Lea, 1919, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Belopini.Eucolus Mulsant & Rey, 1853b: 39, 67 [M]. Type species: Eucoluspolinierii Mulsant & Rey, 1853, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Euconibius Casey, 1895: 618 [M]. Type species: Notibiusgagates Horn, 1870, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Conibius J.L. LeConte, 1851 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Blapstinina. Synonymy: Aalbu in Eucosmus Gistel, 1848a: x [M]. Type species [automatic]: Spheniscuserotyloides W. Kirby, 1819, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cuphotes Champion, 1887 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Note: replacement name for Spheniscus W. Kirby, 1819; junior homonym of Eucosmus Agassiz, 1846 [Echinoidea].Eucrossoscelis Nakane, 1963: 29 [F]. Type species: Eucrossoscelisbroscosomoides Nakane, 1963, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Eucyrtus Lacordaire, 1859b: 417 [M]. Type species: Eucyrtuspretiosus Lacordaire, 1859, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Eulytus C.O. Waterhouse, 1882a: 175 [M]. Type species: Eulytusnodipennis C.O. Waterhouse, 1882, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Eumicrositus Vi\u00f1olas, 1990: 57, 62 [M]. Type species: Pedinusulissiponensis Germar, 1823, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Phylan Sturm, 1826 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Dendarina. Note: this name was first proposed by Eumolpamarygmus Pic, 1923b: 11 [M]. Type species: Eumolpamarygmusbigibbosus Pic, 1923, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Eumolparamarygmus Bremer, 2006: 8 [M]. Type species: Eumolpamarygmusnitidus Pic, 1935, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: the earlier usage of Eumolparamarygmus by Pic (1935: 24) is interpreted as an incorrect subsequent spelling of Eumolpamarygmus Pic, 1923 , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Plesiophthalmus Motschulsky, 1857 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Eumylada Reitter, 1904: 170 [F]. Type species: Myladinapunctifera Reitter, 1889, by subsequent designation .\u2020Eupezoplonyx Pic, 1922c: 12 [M]. Type species: Eupezoplonyxater Pic, 1922, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Eupezus Dejean, 1834: 211 [M]. Type species: Helopslongipes Fabricius, 1781, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Euphloeus Pascoe, 1887: 15 [M]. Type species: Euphloeusverrucosus Pascoe, 1887, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Euphron Dejean, 1834: 206 [M]. Type species: Helopscoerulescens Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Derosphaerus J. Thomson, 1858 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Euphrynus Fairmaire, 1897f: 114 [M]. Type species: Euphrynusspinithorax Fairmaire, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina.Eupomeca Solier, 1848: 289 [F]. Type species: Blapscylindrica Herbst, 1799 , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina.Euryostola Reitter, 1893: 202, 207 [F]. Type species: Pachyscelisminor Baudi di Selve, 1875, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Eurypera Pascoe, 1870: 106 [F]. Type species: Euryperacuprea Pascoe, 1870 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Eurypimelia Reitter, 1915: 9, 49 [F]. Type species: Tenebriosubglobosus Pallas, 1781, by subsequent designation (Chernei 2005: 104). Status: junior synonym of Camphonota Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Synonymy: Euryprosodes Reitter, 1909a: 122 [M]. Type species: Prosodesareolata Reitter, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Euryprosternum Chatanay, 1914b: 3 [N]. Type species: Andremiusparallelus Chatanay, 1913, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Eusarca Chevrolat, 1845: 526 [F]. Type species: Eusarcairidipennis Chevrolat, 1845 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Hegemona Laporte, 1840 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Eusarca H\u00fcbner, 1813 [Lepidoptera].Eusattodes Casey, 1908: 56, 64 [M]. Type species: Eusattuslaevis J.L. LeConte, 1866, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Eusattus J.L. LeConte, 1851 in Pimeliinae: Coniontini. Synonymy: Eusattus J.L. LeConte, 1851: 131 [M]. Type species: Eusattusdifficilis J.L. LeConte, 1851, by subsequent designation . Status: junior synonym of Stenomorpha Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Asidini. Note: unnecessary replacement name for Stenomorpha Solier, 1836.Euspinamarygmus Masumoto, 1989b: 295 [M]. Type species: Euspinamarygmuskaszabi Masumoto, 1989, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Eustenia Fairmaire, 1905: 303 [F]. Type species: Eusteniatenuimembris Fairmaire, 1905, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Tucumana Gebien, 1911 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Xystropodina. Note: junior homonym of Eustenia Snellen, 1899 [Lepidoptera].Eustenomacidius Nabozhenko, 2006: 807 [M]. Type species: Helopsluridus M\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s, 1849 , by original designation. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina.Eustolopus Gebien, 1938b: 61 [M]. Type species: Eustolopuscalcaratus Gebien, 1938, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini. Note: the First Reviser  is Eustrongylium Kolbe, 1895: 366 [N]. Type species: Strongyliumepiscopale Kolbe, 1895, by subsequent designation  first noted that Stenosissmyrnensis Solier of Eutageniacribricollis for it; the earlier selection of the taxonomic species Stenosissmyrnensis Solier sensu Reitter, 1886  by Stenosissmyrnensis Solier, 1848 as the type species following Article 70.3.1 , by subsequent designation ; however, the type species of the older available genus name Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834 is currently placed in Euzadenos and therefore Selenepistoma has priority.Evaniosomus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834: 14 [M]. Type species: Evaniosomusorbignianus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Evaniosomini.Evaostetha Nov\u00e1k, 2008a: 208 [F]. Type species: Evaostethapetri Nov\u00e1k, 2008, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Evelina J. Thomson, 1860c: 22 [F]. Type species: Evelinalacordairei J. Thomson, 1860, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Evaniosomini.Eviropodus Koch, 1956a: 84 [M]. Type species: Trigonopusalternans F\u00e5hraeus, 1870, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Evoplus J.L. LeConte, 1866b: 128 [M]. Type species: Evoplusferrugineus J.L. LeConte, 1866, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Neomida Latreille, 1829 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Arrhenoplita W. Kirby, 1837, a junior synonym of Neomida Latreille, 1829).Exadelium Watt, 1992: 29 [N]. Type species: Adeliumrufilabrum Broun, 1886, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Exangeltus Blackburn, 1897b: 93 [M]. Type species: Exangeltusangustus Blackburn, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Vacronini.Exapinaeus Pascoe, 1882: 34 [M]. Type species: Exapinaeuspolitus Pascoe, 1882, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina.Exechophthalmus Ardoin, 1974a: 168 [M]. Type species: Exechophthalmusguillaumeti Ardoin, 1974, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Phrenapatinae: Penetini.Exerestus Bates, 1870: 268 [M]. Type species: Exerestusjansonii Bates, 1870 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Rhinandrus J.L. LeConte, 1866 in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini. Synonymy: Exeniotis Pascoe, 1871: 353 [F]. Type species: Exeniotiscollaris Pascoe, 1871, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Belopini.Exocolena Gebien, 1914c: 43 [F]. Type species: Exocolenalongipes Gebien, 1914, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Exostira Borchmann, 1925: 353 [F]. Type species: Exostirasellata Borchmann, 1925, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .Falsogauromaia Pic, 1921d: 22 [F]. Type species: Falsogauromaiaannulipes Pic, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Gauromaia Pascoe, 1866 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Falsolagria Pic, 1927a: 44 [F]. Type species: Falsolagriamarmorata Pic, 1927, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Falsolobodera Kaszab, 1967: 24 [F]. Type species: Falsoloboderaskopini Kaszab, 1967, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina.Falsolophocnemis Pic, 1917d: 13 [F]. Type species: Falsolophocnemissinuatipes Pic, 1917, by subsequent designation  Solier, 1851, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Praociini.Falsopsilonycha Pic, 1931c: 303 [F]. Type species: Psilonychausambarana Pic, 1917, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: incertae sedis.Falsostrongylium Pic, 1915: 11 [N]. Type species: Falsostrongyliumsemirufum Pic, 1915, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Asyleptus P\u00e9ringuey, 1896 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Falsozotypus Kaszab, 1980b: 334 [M]. Type species: Falsozotypusopacipennis Kaszab, 1980, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: this name was first published by Farsarthrosis Kaszab, 1979a: 86 [F]. Type species: Farsarthrosisbenardi Kaszab, 1979, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Faustia Kraatz, 1882: 92 [F]. Type species: Faustiamodesta Kraatz, 1882, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Bioramix Bates, 1879 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini.Ferganoprosodes G.S. Medvedev, 1997: 595 [M]. Type species: Prosodesangulicollis Kraatz, 1883, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Ferveoventer Smith, 2013: 604 [M]. Type species: Ferveoventerbrowni Smith, 2013, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Fifina Nov\u00e1k, 2018d: 470 [F]. Type species: Fifinaromani Nov\u00e1k, 2018, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Fifinoides Nov\u00e1k, 2020h: 78 [M]. Type species: Fifinoideschinensis Nov\u00e1k, 2020, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Filotarsus Solier, 1841a: 209, 239 [M]. Type species: Filotarsustenuicornis Solier, 1841, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829 in Pimeliinae: Praociini.Fitzsimonsia Koch, 1955b: 415 [F]. Type species: Fitzsimonsiacymbium Koch, 1955, by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Fitzsimonsium Koch, 1962 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Platamodina. Note: junior homonym of Fitzsimonsia Witte, 1943 [Reptilia].Fitzsimonsium Koch, 1962b: 152 [N]. Type species [automatic]: Fitzsimonsiacymbium Koch, 1955, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Platamodina. Note: replacement name for Fitzsimonsia Koch, 1955.Flabellalogista Pic, 1954: 256 [F]. Type species: Flabellalogistaminuta Pic, 1954, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: incertae sedis.Flabellolagria Pic, 1927c: 27 [F]. Type species: Flabellolagrialuteovittata Pic, 1927, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Flabellostrongylium Pic, 1938: 18 [N]. Type species: Flabellostrongyliumatronitidum Pic, 1938, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Flavipoda Campbell, 1966: 21 [F]. Type species: Helopsflavipes Fabricius, 1792 , by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Lobopoda Solier, 1835 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Foleya Peyerimhoff, 1916: 71 [F]. Type species: Foleyabrevicornis Peyerimhoff, 1916, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Foochounus Pic, 1921d: 22 [M]. Type species: Foochounusconvexipennis Pic, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Foranotum Nabozhenko & Sadeghi, 2017: 165 [N]. Type species: Foranotumperforatum Nabozhenko & Sadeghi, 2017, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Kuhitangiinae: Foranotini.Fossilochile Koch, 1952c: 63 [F]. Type species: Fossilochilerufa Koch, 1952, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Pachynotelus Solier, 1841 in Pimeliinae: Cryptochilini: Cryptochilina. Synonymy: Fourtaus Pic in Alfieri, 1921: 47 [M]. Type species: Fourtausbrevicornis Pic, 1921 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Hegeterocara Reitter, 1900 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Foveostatira Pic, 1918b: 24 [F]. Type species: Statirafoveicollis Pic, 1918, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Pseudopodhomala Schuster, 1938 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Synonymy: Gedrosia St\u00e5l, 1862 [Hemiptera].Genateropa Bouchard & Bousquet, new replacement name [F]. Type species [automatic]: Apterogenacanonnei Ardoin, 1962, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Note: replacement name for Apterogena Ardoin, 1962.Genoblaps Bauer, 1921: 230 [F]. Type species: Blaps tentyroides Seidlitz, 1893 , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Blaps Fabricius, 1775 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina.Gentinadis Laporte, 1840: 240 [M]. Type species: Stenochiacaerulea Laporte, 1840 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Strongylium W. Kirby, 1819 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Synonymy: Geoborus Blanchard, 1842: pl. 13 [M]. Type species: Geoboruscostatus Blanchard, 1842 , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Alymon Pascoe, 1866 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Alymonprolatus Pascoe, 1866).Gibbostrongylium Pic, 1917d: 18 [N]. Type species: Strongyliummedanense Pic, 1917, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Glyptothorax Borchmann, 1937: 223 [M]. Type species: Glyptothoraxpilosus Borchmann, 1937, by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Borchmannius Bousquet & Bouchard, 2015 in Alleculinae: incertae sedis. Note: junior homonym of Glyptothorax Blyth, 1860 [Pisces]; taxon also described as new by Glyptotus J.L. LeConte, 1858a: 75 [M]. Type species: Glyptotuscribratus J.L. LeConte, 1858, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Gnaptor Brull\u00e9, 1831: 254 [M]. Type species: Tenebriospinimanus Pallas, 1781, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Gnaptorina. Note: this name was previously attributed to Petrobius, corrected to Gnaptor in the \u201cErrata\u201d of the same work) in the literature.Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887a: 364 [F]. Type species: Gnaptorinafelicitana Reitter, 1887, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Gnaptorinina.Gnathelops Gebien, 1922b: 320 [M]. Type species: Gnathelopschatanayi Gebien, 1922, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrionidae: incertae sedis. Note: removed from the tribe Helopini and placed as Tenebrionidae incertae sedis by Gnathidium Gebien, 1921b: 41 [N]. Type species: Gnathidiumcephalotes Gebien, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Gnathidiina.Gnathocerus Agassiz, 1846b: 164 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Gnatocerusruber Thunberg, 1814 , by monotypy , by monotypy , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina.Gonogenius Solier, 1838b: 8, 48 [M]. Type species: Scotobiusvulgaris Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Scotobius Germar, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Scotobiini. Synonymy: Gonopterus Solier, 1843: 101 [M]. Type species: Sepidiumrugosum Fabricius, 1781, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Somaticus Hope, 1841 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina. Synonymy: Gemminger in Gonopus Latreille, 1828: 580 [M]. Type species: Blapstibialis Fabricius, 1798, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Gonospa Champion, 1886: 216 [F]. Type species: Gonospaphaedonoides Champion, 1886, by subsequent designation .ignation : 192. StGranulophanes Nabozhenko, 2013: 2 [M]. Type species: Hedyphaneslutosus Allard, 1877, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Hedyphanes Fischer, 1820 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Graptopezus Gebien, 1921a: 296 [M]. Type species: Seteniscostipennis Blair, 1915 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Gressittiola Kaszab, 1955a: 462, 464 [F]. Type species: Gressittiolaplatydemoides Kaszab, 1955, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina.Gridellia Kammerer, 2006: 270 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Tenebrioclypealis Gebien, 1920, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini. Note: replacement name for Villiersia Gridelli, 1951.Gridelliopus Koch, 1956a: 358 [M]. Type species: Gridelliopussubsquamosus Koch, 1956, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Gronophora Borchmann, 1916a: 48, 103 [F]. Type species: Gronophoragravida Borchmann, 1916, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Guanobius Grimm, 2008: 375 [M]. Type species: Guanobiusborneensis Grimm, 2008, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Alphitobiini.Guildia Antoine, 1957: 346, 359 [F]. Type species: Microsituspunctistriatus Escalera, 1925, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Gunarellus Reitter, 1922a: 22 [M]. Type species: Helopsgratus Frivaldszky, 1894, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Pimplema Pascoe, 1887 in Diaperinae: Leiochrinini. Synonymy: Hades Westwood, 1851 [Lepidoptera].Hadroderus Koch, 1956a: 347 [M]. Type species: Hadroderustuberculiferus Koch, 1956, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Hadrodes Wollaston, 1877: 226 [M]. Type species: Hadrodeshelenensis Wollaston, 1877, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: AMMOBIINA.Hadromelambius Koch, 1948: 432 [M]. Type species: Melambiustelueticus Escalera, 1914, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Melambius Mulsant & Rey, 1854 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Hadrophasis Ferrer, 1992: 87 [F]. Type species: Hadrophasisangolensis Ferrer, 1992, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina.Hadrus Wollaston, 1854: 502 [M]. Type species: Hadrusalpinus Wollaston, 1854, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Haporema Fairmaire, 1892a: 109 [F]. Type species: Haporemadecipiens Fairmaire, 1892, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Hapsida Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1955 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Apsidachrysomelina Lacordaire, 1859, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Apsida Lacordaire, 1859 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: unjustified emendation of Apsida Lacordaire, 1859, not in prevailing usage.Harvengia Ferrer, 2004b: 367 [F]. Type species: Harvengiavietnamita Ferrer, 2004, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Harvengiina.Hasticollinum Kaszab, 1939a: 96 [N]. Type species: Hasticollinumpodagrarium Kaszab, 1939, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Gonocephalum Solier, 1834 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina. Synonymy: Havanalia Nov\u00e1k, 2020c: 489 [F]. Type species: Havanaliaqazvinica Nov\u00e1k, 2020, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Hectus Pascoe, 1869: 288, 289 [M]. Type species: Hectusanthracinus Pascoe, 1869, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Olisthaena Erichson, 1842 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy: Hedrotes Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1816 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Edrotesventricosus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Edrotes J.L. LeConte, 1851 in Pimeliinae: Edrotini. Note: unjustified emendation of Edrotes J.L. LeConte, 1851, not in prevailing usage.Hedyphanes Fischer, 1820: pl.15 [M]. Type species: Hedyphanescoerulescens Fischer, 1820, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Hegemona Laporte, 1840: 230 [F]. Type species: Hegemonaresplendens Laporte, 1840, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Hegeter Latreille, 1802: 172 [M]. Type species: Hegeterstriatus Latreille, 1804 , by subsequent monotypy , by subsequent designation  was suppressed for the purposes of zoological nomenclature by the Heleaperforata Latreille, 1817 [as Heleusperforatus] in association with this name, was the first author to subsequently and expressly include nominal species in Helea ; however, recent authors \u201d, should not be considered as an available name since G.-A. Tenebrioabbreviatus Fabricius, 1775.ignation : 517. StHeliophosis Koch, 1952a: 95 [F]. Type species: Heliophosiskalaharica Koch, 1952, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini.Heliophygus Agassiz, 1846b: 175 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Heliofugusarenosus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Heliofugus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: unjustified emendation of Heliofugus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831, not in prevailing usage.Heliosteres Hope, 1841: 124 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Heliofugusarenosus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Heliofugus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: unnecessary replacement name for Heliofugus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831.Heliostrhaema Reitter, 1890a: 34 [N]. Type species: Heliotaurusrolphii Fairmaire, 1867, by subsequent designation  is Helopocerodes Reitter, 1922b: 122, 144 [M]. Type species: Helopsfaldermanni Faldermann, 1837, by subsequent designation .ignation : 633. StHelopogonus Reitter, 1922b: 122, 150 [M]. Type species: Helopsviridicollis Schaufuss, 1869, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Nesotes Allard, 1876 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Helopondrus Reitter, 1922b: 123, 153 [M]. Type species: Stenomaxsareptanus Allard, 1876, by subsequent designation  based on examination of a syntype; since Tenebriocaeruleus Linnaeus, 1758 was placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology and fixed as the type species of Helops Fabricius, 1775 in Opinion 2237 .ion 2237 , an applHelopsallecula Pic, 1936a: 33 [F]. Type species: Helopsalleculaminutissima Pic, 1936, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: incertae sedis.Helopsisomira Pic, 1952a: 63 [F]. Type species: Helopsisomirakochi Pic, 1952, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina.Hemasodes Casey, 1907: 378 [M]. Type species: Schoenicusvestitus Champion, 1884, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Hemeralopius Gistel, 1848a: viii, 125 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Tenebrioelongatus Herbst, 1797, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Belopus Gebien, 1911 in Lagriinae: Belopini. Note: replacement name for Calcar Dejean, 1821; nomen oblitum ; we recommend that an application be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to maintain the type species designation proposed by ignation : 335. StHemicistela Blackburn, 1891: 331 [F]. Type species: Hemicisteladiscoidalis Blackburn, 1891, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Hemicyclus Westwood, 1841a: 44 [M]. Type species: Hemicyclusgrandis Westwood, 1841 , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Herodius Agassiz, 1846b: 143,179 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Erodiusgibbus Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation .ignation : 44. StaHeterasida Casey, 1912: 76, 165 [F]. Type species: Pelecyphorusbifurcus J.L. LeConte, 1861, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Heterocheira Dejean, 1836: 220 [F]. Type species: Ulomaaustrale Boisduval, 1835, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Heterotarsina.Heterochira Agassiz, 1846b: 180 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Ulomaaustrale Boisduval, 1835, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Heterocheira Dejean, 1836 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Heterotarsina. Note: unjustified emendation of Heterocheira Dejean, 1836, not in prevailing usage.Heterogena Froussart, 1961: 60, 105 [F]. Type species: Nesogenagoudotii Fairmaire, 1868, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Nesogena M\u00e4klin, 1863 in Tenebrioninae: Praeugenini.Heterogria Fairmaire, 1896a: 42 [F]. Type species: Heterogriapunctatissima Fairmaire, 1896, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Xanthalia Fairmaire, 1894 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina. Synonymy: Heteromerotylus Pic, 1921b: 11 [M]. Type species: Heteromerotylusbicoloripes Pic, 1921, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Tearchus Kraatz, 1880 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Heteromira H\u00f6lzel, 1958: 19 [F]. Type species: Isomiramoroi H\u00f6lzel, 1958, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Isomira Mulsant, 1856 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina.Heteronicandra Koch, 1958: 151 [F]. Type species: Nicandrazumpti Kulzer, 1951, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Nicandra Fairmaire, 1888 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina.Heterophaga Dejean, 1834: 199 [F]. Type species: fixed herein , by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Steneleodes Blaisdell, 1909 in Blaptinae: Amphidorini. Synonymy: Holoblaps Bauer, 1921: 233 [F]. Type species: none designated. Status: undetermined taxon in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina. Note: this genus was described before 1931 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Hoplobrachium Fairmaire, 1886 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: unjustified emendation of Hoplobrachium Fairmaire, 1886, not in prevailing usage.Holobrachys Fairmaire, 1869b: 233 [M]. Type species: Holobrachysheterocerus Fairmaire, 1869, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Hologenosis Deyrolle, 1867: 81, 82 [F]. Type species: Hologenosislacerata Deyrolle, 1867, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini.Holostrongylium Kaszab, 1977b: 10, 20 [N]. Type species: Strongyliumgravidum M\u00e4klin, 1867, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Homala Eschscholtz, 1831: 5, 6 [F]. Type species: Homalapolita Eschscholtz, 1831, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Homalapipleurus Espa\u00f1ol, 1957a: 166, 167 [M]. Type species: Hegetergonzalezi Espa\u00f1ol, 1957, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Hegeter Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Homaleis Rye, 1879: 62 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Helopscongener Reiche, 1861, by subsequent designation ; junior homonym of Homalus Agassiz, 1846 [Hymenoptera].ignation : 38. StaHomebius Endr\u00f6dy-Younga, 1989: 124 [M]. Type species: Homebiuskaszabi Endr\u00f6dy-Younga, 1989, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cryptochilini: Homebiina.Homocyrtus Dejean, 1834: 211 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Cyphonotusdromedarius Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrionidae: incertae sedis. Note: replacement name for Cyphonotus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831; based on a recent assessment of adult and larval morphological characters, Homocyrtus should be regarded as Tenebrionidae incertae sedis.Homoeocamaria Blair, 1919b: 75 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Homoeogenuslaticornis C.O. Waterhouse, 1882, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Borneocamaria Pic, 1917 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: replacement name for Homoeogenus C.O. Waterhouse, 1882.Homoeogenus C.O. Waterhouse, 1882a: 174 [M]. Type species: Homoeogenuslaticornis C.O. Waterhouse, 1882, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Borneocamaria Pic, 1917 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Homoeogenus C.O. Waterhouse, 1880 [Coleoptera: Psephenidae].Homoeonota Fairmaire in Homoeonotasubopaca Fairmaire, 1882, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Homopsis Semenov, 1893: 258, 263 [F]. Type species: Homopsisgrumi Semenov, 1893, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Homoropsis Fairmaire, 1886a: 450 [F]. Type species: Homoropsisustulata Fairmaire, 1886, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: incertae sedis.Homotrysis Pascoe, 1866a: 489 [F]. Type species: Alleculatristis Germar, 1848 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Note: the First Reviser  is Hopatrinus Agassiz, 1846b: 185, 260 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Opatrumclathratum Fabricius, 1787, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Opatrinus Dejean, 1821 in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina. Note: unjustified emendation of Opatrinus Dejean, 1821, not in prevailing usage.Hopatroides Agassiz, 1846b: 185, 260 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Opatroidespunctulatus Brull\u00e9, 1832, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Opatroides Brull\u00e9, 1832 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina. Note: unjustified emendation of Opatroides Brull\u00e9, 1832, not in prevailing usage.Hopatromorpha Blackburn, 1907: 286 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Opatrummurinum Baudi di Selve, 1876 , by subsequent designation .ignation : 399. StHopatropteron Reitter, 1889a: 701 [N]. Type species: Hopatropteronsubcostatum Reitter, 1889 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Heterotarsus Latreille, 1829 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Heterotarsina. Synonymy: Hopatrum Agassiz, 1846b: 185, 260 [N]. Type species [automatic]: Silphasabulosa Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation  Fairmaire, 1893, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Melambius Mulsant & Rey, 1854 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Hoplariobius Reitter, 1904: 115 [M]. Type species: Micrositusdecurtatus Fairmaire, 1884, by subsequent designation , was rejected by Motschulsky (1868: 69) who acted as the First Reviser , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Hoplocephala Agassiz, 1846b: 185, 262 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Ips haemorrhoidalis Fabricius, 1787, by subsequent designation  does not represent a valid type species designation since the nomenclatural act is anonymous , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Porphyrhyba Fairmaire, 1877 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Hybonotus Dejean, 1834: 211 [M]. Type species: Tetraphyllusformosus Laporte & Brull\u00e9, 1831, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Damatris Laporte, 1840 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: new synonym [PB]. Note: the type species of Hybonotus Dejean, 1834 is the same as the type species of Damatris Laporte, 1840 and therefore the two genera are objective synonyms; junior homonym of Hybonotus Klug, 1803 [Hymenoptera].Hyboproctus Kolbe, 1897a: 241 [M]. Type species: Hyboproctusnodifer Kolbe, 1897, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Hymenochara Campbell, 1978: 435 [F]. Type species: Mycetophilarufipes J.E. LeConte, 1824, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Mycetocharina.Hymenorus Mulsant, 1852: 68 [M]. Type species: Hymenorusdoublieri Mulsant, 1852, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Note: the alternative original spelling Hymenophorus was corrected to Hymenorus in the \u201cEmendanda\u201d of the same work (p. 188), Hymenorus is considered to be the correct original spelling  is ignation : 333. StHyperamarygmus Kaszab, 1964a: 291 [M]. Type species: Hyperamarygmusantennalis Kaszab, 1964, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Hyperchalca Fairmaire, 1869b: 238 [F]. Type species: Hyperchalcaaenescens Fairmaire, 1869, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Hypercossyphodes Andreae, 1961: 205, 215 [M]. Type species: Cossyphodesvandami Andreae, 1961, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Cossyphodes Westwood, 1851 in Pimeliinae: Cossyphodini: Cossyphodina. Synonymy: Cossyphodesvandami Andreae, 1961 in Cossyphodes Westwood, 1851 without use of a subgenus rank).Hypermicrotelopsis Koch, 1940b: 743 [F]. Type species: Microtelopsisthibetana Koch, 1940, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Microtelopsis Koch, 1940 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina. Note: combined description of new genus-group taxon and a single new species .Hypocistela Bates, 1879b: 482 [F]. Type species: Hypocistelatenuipes Bates, 1879, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Cteniopodini.Hypogena Dejean, 1834: 199 [F]. Type species: Tenebriobiimpressus Latreille, 1833 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Triboliini.Hypolaenopsis Masumoto, 2001: 45 [F]. Type species: Hypolaenopsisuenoi Masumoto, 2001 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Laenini.Hypomelus Solier, 1843: 4, 93, 126 [M]. Type species: Hypomelusbicolor Solier, 1843 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Hypomelina.Hypophlaeus Fabricius, 1790: 222 [M]. Type species: Hypophlaeuscastaneus Fabricius, 1790 , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Pentaphyllus Dejean, 1821 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Gemminger in Iphius Dejean, 1834: 203 [M]. Type species: Tenebrioserratus Fabricius, 1775, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Prioscelis Hope, 1841 in Lagriinae: Pycnocerini. Synonymy: Iphius Sch\u00f6nherr, 1823 [Coleoptera: Curculionidae].Iphthimera Reitter, 1916a: 4 [F]. Type species: Stenocararuficorne Solier, 1835, by present designation. Status: junior synonym of Metriopus Solier, 1835 in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini. Synonymy: new synonym [PB]. Note: the type species of Iphthimera Reitter, 1916 is currently included in the genus Metriopus Solier, 1835 and for that reason Iphthimera is considered a junior synonym of Solier\u2019s name.Iphthiminus Spilman, 1973: 42 [M]. Type species: Iphthinusitalicus Truqui, 1857, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Iphthimulus Reitter, 1920a: 16, 17 [M]. Type species: Iphthinustruquii Marseul, 1869, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Iphthimus Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1977 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Tenebriogigas Linnaeus, 1763, by subsequent designation , ignation : 42. StaIranarthrodosis Kaszab, 1959a: 334 [F]. Type species: Arthrodosispfaundleri Schuster, 1935, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Erodiontes Reitter, 1914 in Pimeliinae: Erodiini. Synonymy: Iranerodius Kaszab, 1959a: 334 [M]. Type species: Arthrodosisrichteri Kaszab, 1957, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Iranolasiostola Pierre, 1968: 1020 [F]. Type species: Iranolasiostoladavatchii Pierre, 1968, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Iranopachyscelis Pierre, 1968: 1027 [F]. Type species: Iranopachysceliseghbali Pierre, 1968 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Iranosodes G.S. Medvedev, 1996: 605 [M]. Type species: Prosodeskaszabi G.S. Medvedev & Kabakov, 1996, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Irianobates Kaszab, 1986: 291 [M]. Type species: Irianobateskrikkeni Kaszab, 1986, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Isaminas Champion, 1887: 266 [M]. Type species: Isaminasgibbipennis Champion, 1887, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Caedius Blanchard, 1845 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina. Synonymy: Iscanus Fauvel, 1904: 176 [M]. Type species: Iscanuskuniensis Fauvel, 1904, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lupropini.Ischnarthron Gebien, 1921b: 47 [N]. Type species: Ischnarthronlongipes Gebien, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Hypophlaeini.Ischnodactylus Chevrolat, 1877: 173 [M]. Type species: Ischnodactylusquadrioculatus Chevrolat, 1877, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Basides Motschulsky, 1873 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Basides Motschulsky, 1873 in Ischnodactylus Chevrolat, 1877). Note: the original spelling of the type species, Ischnodactylusquadridentatus, was corrected to Ischnodactylusquadrioculatus in the \u201cErrata & Notes\u201d of the same work (p. 178), Ischnodactylusquadrioculatus is considered to be the correct original spelling , by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Neoisocerus Bouchard, Lawrence, Davies & Newton, 2005 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Dendarina. Note: junior homonym of Isocerus Illiger, 1802 [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae].Isomira Mulsant, 1856a: 52 [F]. Type species: Chrysomelamurina Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation . Note: the original combination of the name of the type species, Helopstenebrioides Germar, 1813, is a junior primary homonym of Helopstenebrioides Palisot de Beauvois, 1812.Isopteron Hope, 1841: 112 [N]. Type species: Isopteronaustrale Hope, 1841, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Note: combined description of a new genus-group taxon and a single new species , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Trichosternum Wollaston, 1861 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina. Synonymy: Trichopodus [as Trichopodum] Mulsant & Rey, 1859, a senior synonym of Trichosternum Wollaston, 1861). Note: junior homonym of Japetus St\u00e5l, 1863 [Hemiptera].Javamarygmus Pic, 1928a: 22 [M]. Type species: Javamarygmustristis Pic, 1928, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Jintaium Ren in Ren and Yu, 1999: 228 [N]. Type species: Jintaiumsulcatum Ren, 1999, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina.Jophon Champion, 1895a: 224 [M]. Type species: Jophonmyrmecophilus Champion, 1895, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Note: Jophon is an incorrect subsequent spelling of the original spelling Iophon, first used by Jophon is deemed to be the correct original spelling .\u2020Kabakoviella Kaszab, 1980c: 205 [F]. Type species: Kabakoviellamenephiloides Kaszab, 1980, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Kaindilagria Merkl, 1988a: 138 [F]. Type species: Kaindilagriaforcipata Merkl, 1988, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Karroocara Koch, 1952a: 176 [N]. Type species: Stenocaragibbipenne Haag-Rutenberg, 1875, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Stenodesia Reitter, 1916 in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini. Synonymy: Kaszaba Matthews & Doyen, 1989: 40 [F]. Type species: Tenebriocorvinus Erichson, 1842, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Kaszabadelium Watt, 1992: 29 [N]. Type species: Adeliumaucklandicum Broun, 1880, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Kaszabiella Koch, 1943b: 774, 885 [F]. Type species: Thalpophilasubhemisphaerica Koch, 1943, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Thalpophilodes Strand, 1942, in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Kaszabochillus Fouqu\u00e8, 2015: 228, 240 [M]. Type species: Indochillusandamanus Kaszab, 1981, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Pseudochillus Fouqu\u00e8, 2015 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina.Kaszaboscelis L\u00f6bl & Merkl, 2003: 246 [F]. Type species: Tenebriohypolithus Pallas, 1781, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Platyscelis Latreille, 1818 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini. Synonymy: Kaszabus Freude, 1967: 194 [M]. Type species: Kaszabusaurulentiformis Freude, 1967, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Kawiria Schuster, 1935: 26 [F]. Type species: Kawiriagabrieli Schuster, 1935, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Kershawia Lea, 1905: 379 [F]. Type species: Kershawiarugiceps Lea, 1905, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Belopini.Kirgisomira Weise, 1974: 71 [F]. Type species: Isomiraophthalmica Seidlitz, 1896, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Asiomira Dubrovina, 1973 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina. Synonymy: Klapperichia Kaszab, 1954: 249 [F]. Type species: Klapperichiamirabilis Kaszab, 1954 , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Tenebriocephalon Pic, 1925 in Pimeliinae: Ceratanisini. Synonymy: Klewaria Reitter, 1910: 20 [F]. Type species: Klewariacolydiiformis Reitter, 1910, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Klewariini.Knausia Fall, 1931: 15 [F]. Type species: Knausiacrassicornis Fall, 1931, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Kocakia Kaszab, 1985: 54 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Idiopsisopaca Kaszab, 1981, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini. Note: replacement name for Idiopsis Kaszab, 1981.Kocheria Antoine, 1946: 25, 30 [F]. Type species: Arthrodeisrungsi Espa\u00f1ol, 1943, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Arthrodeis Solier, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Kochogaster Kami\u0144ski & Ra\u015b, 2011: 654 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Anchophthalmusimpressicollis Fairmaire, 1897, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Anchophthalmus Gerstaecker, 1854 in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina. Note: replacement name for Cosmogaster Koch, 1956.Kochotella Bouchard & Bousquet, new replacement name [F]. Type species [automatic]: Millotellamicrocornis Koch, 1962, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini. Note: replacement name for Millotella Koch, 1962.Kokeniella Reitter, 1906a: 41 [F]. Type species: Kokeniellamesostenoides Reitter, 1906, by subsequent designation .ignation : 223. StLachnodactylus Seidlitz, 1898a: 838 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Lachnopusdigitalis Seidlitz, 1894, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Lachnogyini: Lachnodactylina. Note: replacement name for Lachnopus Seidlitz, 1894.Lachnoderes Mulsant & Rey, 1859a: 70, 102 [M]. Type species: Pedonoecespubescens G.R. Waterhouse, 1845, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Blapstinus Dejean, 1821 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Blapstinina. Synonymy: Gemminger in Pedonoeces G.R. Waterhouse, 1845, a junior synonym of Blapstinus Dejean, 1821); Lachnogya M\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s, 1849: 228 [F]. Type species: Lachnogyasquamosa M\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s, 1849, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Lachnogyini: Lachnogyina.Lachnopus Seidlitz, 1894: 476 [M]. Type species: Lachnopusdigitalis Seidlitz, 1894, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Lachnodactylus Seidlitz, 1898 in Pimeliinae: Lachnogyini: Lachnodactylina. Note: junior homonym of Lachnopus Sch\u00f6nherr, 1840 [Coleoptera: Curculionidae].Laena Dejean, 1821: 64 [F]. Type species: fixed herein  is fixed here as the type species of Laena Dejean, 1821 according to the requirements of Article 70.3.2 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Porrolagria Kolbe, 1883 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina. Synonymy: Lagriocera Fairmaire, 1896a: 41 [F]. Type species: Lagrioceracavicornis Fairmaire, 1896, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Xanthalia Fairmaire, 1894 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina. Synonymy: Lagriodema Borchmann, 1930a: 442, 524 [F]. Type species: Nemostiragestroi Borchmann, 1910, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Praeugena Laporte, 1840 in Tenebrioninae: Praeugenini. Synonymy: Lamprocrypticus Espa\u00f1ol, 1950: 127 [M]. Type species: Crypticusalpinus Comolli, 1837, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Lanhsia Shibata, 1980: 63, 64 [F]. Type species: Lanhsiabucca Shibata, 1980, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini.Laonicus Haag-Rutenberg, 1878: 100 [M]. Type species: Laonicuspilosus Haag-Rutenberg, 1878, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Alphitobius Stephens, 1829 in Tenebrioninae: Alphitobiini. Synonymy: Opatrumlaevigatum Fabricius, 1781).Latheticus C.O. Waterhouse, 1880: 147 [M]. Type species: Latheticusoryzae C.O. Waterhouse, 1880, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Triboliini.Latipleurosis Penrith, 1977: 19, 204 [F]. Type species: Zophosisbenguelensis Deyrolle, 1867, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini.Latorhascius Pic, 1925b: 8 [M]. Type species: Rhaciusbaeri Pic, 1925, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Adelonia Laporte, 1840 in Lagriinae: Belopini.Lawrenceus Iwan, 1998b: 307 [M]. Type species: Lawrenceuscapensis Iwan, 1998, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Schelodontes Koch, 1956 in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina. Synonymy: Leanum Uyttenboogaart, 1934: 29, 31 [N]. Type species: Triboliummyrmecophilum Lea, 1904, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Tribolium W.S. MacLeay, 1825 in Tenebrioninae: Triboliini. Synonymy: Leaus Matthews & Lawrence, 1992: 312 [M]. Type species: Leaustasmanicus Matthews & Lawrence, 1992, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Trachelostenini. Note: transferred from Titaenini by Lechinius Blair, 1922: 561 [M]. Type species: Lechiniuscatenulatus Blair, 1922 , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Cteniopinus Seidlitz, 1896 in Alleculinae: Cteniopodini.Lechinius Borchmann, 1930b: 151 [M]. Type species: Cistelomorphafossulata Pic, 1913, by subsequent designation . Status: valid subgenus of Cyphogenia Solier, 1837 in Pimeliinae: Akidini.Leichenum Dejean, 1834: 194 [N]. Type species: Opatrumpictum Fabricius, 1801, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Leichenina.Leichrodomorphus Pic, 1921c: 6 [M]. Type species: Leichrodomorphusbrevicornis Pic, 1921, by subsequent designation .Leptonychoides Schawaller, 1990: 51 [M]. Type species: Leptonychoidesjuengeri Schawaller, 1990, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Leptonychus Chevrolat, 1833a: 26, pl. 1 [M]. Type species: Leptonychuserodioides Chevrolat, 1833, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Leptoscapha Fairmaire, 1886c: 73 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Stenoscaphaspissicornis Fairmaire, 1885, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Brachypophlaeus Fairmaire, 1897 in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini. Synonymy: Brachypophloeus\u201d). Note: replacement name for Stenoscapha Fairmaire, 1885; junior homonym of Leptoscapha Fischer, 1883 [Mollusca].Leptosora Borchmann, 1936: 238, 471 [F]. Type species: Leptosorahamata Borchmann, 1936, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Leptosphena Semenov, 1891: 356, 358 [F]. Type species: Sphenariatomentosa Semenov, 1889 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Lepturidea Fauvel, 1862: 150 [F]. Type species: Lepturideadeplanchei Fauvel, 1862, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Leptynoderes Solier, 1838b: 8, 44 [M]. Type species: Scotobiusvaricosus Germar, 1823, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Scotobiini.Lesbidana Reitter, 1904: 173 [F]. Type species: Melanesthessimplex Reitter, 1897, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .Lindia Blackburn, 1888: 275 [F]. Type species: Lindiaangusta Blackburn, 1888, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Lyphia Mulsant & Rey, 1859 in Tenebrioninae: Triboliini. Synonymy: Lindia Dujardin, 1841 [Rotifera].Lineocrypticus Koch, 1950c: 52 [M]. Type species: Lineocrypticushessei Koch, 1950, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Linio Bouchard & Bousquet, new subgenus [M]. Type species: Niliolanatus Germar, 1823, by present designation. Status: valid subgenus of Nilio Latreille, 1802 in Nilioninae. Note: Linio for several nominal species, but unfortunately did not designate a type species; the subgenusLinio, which has been treated as valid since 1936, is therefore unavailable , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Metistete Pascoe, 1866 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Synonymy: Litasida Casey, 1912: 77, 184 [F]. Type species: Litasidatownsendi Casey, 1912, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Litheleodes Blaisdell, 1909: 114 [M]. Type species: Blaps extricata Say, 1824, by subsequent designation . Status: junior synonym of Blaps Fabricius, 1775 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina. Synonymy: Gemminger in Tenebriogigas Linnaeus, 1767, is a junior primary homonym of Tenebriogigas Linnaeus, 1763.Litoboriolus Espa\u00f1ol, 1945: 310, 313 [M]. Type species: Olocratescollaris Mulsant & Rey, 1854, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Dendarina.Litoboromimus Koch, 1948: 413 [M]. Type species: Litoborusparallelus Schuster, 1919, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Allophylax Bedel, 1906 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Litoborus Mulsant & Rey, 1854: 124, 126 [M]. Type species: Phylaxmoreletii P.H. Lucas, 1846, by subsequent designation  is Lophocnemis M\u00e4klin, 1867: 505 [F]. Type species: Lophocnemisamabilis M\u00e4klin, 1867, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Lopholagria Borchmann, 1916a: 48, 97 [F]. Type species: Lagriaamoena F\u00e5hraeus, 1870, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Lophoma Solier, 1835b: 253, 285 [N]. Type species: Pimeliapunctata Fabricius, 1798, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Pachychila Eschscholtz, 1831 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Pimeliapunctata Fabricius, 1798, is a junior primary homonym of Pimeliapunctata Thunberg, 1787.Lophophyllus Fairmaire, 1887c: 71 [M]. Type species: Lophophylluscostipennis Fairmaire, 1887, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Lordodera Gebien, 1921b: 64 [F]. Type species: Tenebrioquadrihamatus Fairmaire, 1875, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Lorelopsis Champion, 1896: 15 [F]. Type species: Lorelopsispilosa Champion, 1896, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Lorelus Sharp, 1876 in Lagriinae: Lupropini. Synonymy: Lorelus Sharp, 1876: 76 [M]. Type species: Loreluspriscus Sharp, 1876, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lupropini.Loricula Nov\u00e1k, 2016d: 45 [F]. Type species: Alleculasubaeneipennis Pic, 1922, by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Loriculoides Nov\u00e1k, 2020 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Note: junior homonym of Loricula Curtis, 1833 [Hemiptera].Loriculoides Nov\u00e1k, 2020i: 9 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Alleculasubaeneipennis Pic, 1922, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Note: replacement name for Loricula Nov\u00e1k, 2016.Lornamus Koch, 1952a: 191 [M]. Type species: Lornamusdividiopsis Koch, 1952, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Cryptocarpes Koch, 1952 in Pimeliinae: Caenocrypticini. Synonymy: Lorona Borchmann, 1936: 16, 62 [F]. Type species: Lagriabakeri Borchmann, 1930, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Loubacantus Bonadona, 1959: 1033 [M]. Type species: Loubacantusgiganteus Bonadona, 1959, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Entypodera Gerstaecker, 1871 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina. Synonymy: Louwerensia Kaszab, 1964b: 104 [F]. Type species: Louwerensiapapuana Kaszab, 1964, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina.Loxostethus Triplehorn, 1962: 504 [M]. Type species: Loxostethusfasciatus Triplehorn, 1962, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Note: new placement [RLA], previously included in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina.Lucidolaena Endr\u00f6dy-Younga & Schawaller, 2002: 9, 20 [F]. Type species: Lucidolaenaamatolensis Endr\u00f6dy-Younga & Schawaller, 2002, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Laenini.Luebbertia Koch, 1963: 20, 44 [F]. Type species: Luebbertiaplana Koch, 1963, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Stizopodina.Luprops Hope, 1833: 63 [M]. Type species: Lupropschrysophthalmus Hope, 1833 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lupropini.Luzonoplonyx Bremer, 2009: 331 [M]. Type species: Luzonoplonyxgrandis Bremer, 2009, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Lycanthropa J. Thomson, 1860b: 20 [F]. Type species: Eurychoracimicoides Quensel, 1806, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Lycidioides Ando, 2003a: 107 [M]. Type species: Lycidioideskaniei Ando, 2003, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Lycogonocnemis Pic, 1915a: 13 [F]. Type species: Lycogonocnemisrufa Pic, 1915, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Paragonocnemis Kraatz, 1899 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Lycoscelis Blair, 1929a: 242 [F]. Type species: Lycoscelisfulva Blair, 1929 , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Plinthochrous Fairmaire, 1891 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Lycula Campbell, 1976: 30 [F]. Type species: Lyculachilensis Campbell, 1976, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Lygestira Pascoe, 1866a: 470 [F]. Type species: Prophanessimplex Westwood, 1849, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Triboliini.Lyprochelyda Fairmaire, 1899d: 214 [F]. Type species: Lyprochelydapurpurina Fairmaire, 1899, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Goniaderini.Lyprosodes Reitter, 1909a: 116 [M]. Type species: Prosodesquadricostata Reitter, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Lystronychus Latreille, 1829a: 41 [M]. Type species: Helopsequestris Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation  designated Pimeliacancellata Klug, 1830 as the type species of Koch\u2019s name but did not explicitly indicate the genus-group name as intentionally new , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Arthromacra W. Kirby, 1837 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina. Note: unjustified emendation of Arthromacra W. Kirby, 1837, not in prevailing usage; the original combination of the accepted name of the type species, Lagriaaenea Say, 1824, is a junior primary homonym of Lagriaaenea Fabricius, 1775.Macroartactes Pic, 1924a: 24 [M]. Type species: Macroartactescostulatus Pic, 1924, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Delonurops Reitter, 1922 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina. Synonymy: Macrophtalmus Montrouzier, 1855: 33 [M]. Type species: Macrophtalmuscoeruleus Montrouzier, 1855, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Macrophthalmata Strand, 1935 in Tenebrionidae: incertae sedis. Note: this genus has been treated as a junior homonym of Macrophtalmus Laporte, 1832 [Hemiptera] in the literature; however, the hemipteran name was originally proposed with two spellings, Macrophthalmus  and Macrophtalmus ; the alternative original spelling Macrophtalmus of the hemipteran name, used by Macrophtalmus Montrouzier, 1855 is the valid name for the tenebrionid genus since it is not a junior homonym.Macrophthalmata Strand, 1935b: 302 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Macrophtalmuscoeruleus Montrouzier, 1855, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Macrophtalmus Montrouzier, 1855 in Tenebrionidae: incertae sedis. Note: replacement name for Macrophtalmus Montrouzier, 1855.Macropoda Solier, 1835b: 512, 515 [F]. Type species: Pimeliavariolaris G.-A. Olivier, 1795, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Prophanes Westwood, 1849 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy: Magdanalia Nov\u00e1k, 2020c: 496 [F]. Type species: Prionychusdenticulatus Muche, 1982, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Magela G.S. Medvedev & Lawrence, 1986: 578 [F]. Type species: Magelauptoni G.S. Medvedev & Lawrence, 1986, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Hyociini: Brittonina.Magrebmelia Mas-Peinado, Buckley, Ruiz & Garc\u00eda-Par\u00eds, 2018: 540 [F]. Type species: Pimeliaxauenensis Escalera, 1923, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Pimelia Fabricius, 1775 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Mahena Gebien, 1922b: 315 [F]. Type species: Mahenacuprea Gebien, 1922, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Makicula Nov\u00e1k, 2012: 275 [F]. Type species: Makiculaphoupaneica Nov\u00e1k, 2012, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Malacova Fairmaire, 1898c: 479 [F]. Type species: Malacovabicolor Fairmaire, 1898, by present designation. Status: junior synonym of Damatris Laporte, 1840 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Malaiseum Borchmann, 1941a: 13 [N]. Type species: Malaiseumsingulare Borchmann, 1941, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Malayaplamius Masumoto, 1986a: 17 [M]. Type species: Malayaplamiussakaii Masumoto, 1986, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Malaymira Nov\u00e1k, 2020g: 56 [F]. Type species: Malaymirajenisi Nov\u00e1k, 2020, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina.Malayoscelis Schawaller, 2003: 198 [F]. Type species: Malayoscelisgebieni Schawaller, 2003, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Pycnocerini.Malaysphena Be\u010dv\u00e1\u0159 & Purchart, 2008: 38 [F]. Type species: Laosocryptobatesrotundipennis Kaszab 1960, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Mallogria Borchmann, 1936: 20, 165 [F]. Type species: Lagrialongipilis Fairmaire, 1875, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Mamorina Antoine, 1951: 98 [F]. Type species: Mamorinasulcaticeps Antoine, 1951, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Mantichorula Reitter, 1889a: 695 [F]. Type species: Mantichorulasemenowi Reitter, 1889, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Maracia Gebien, 1919: 27, 34 [F]. Type species: Camariafemoralis Kirsch, 1866, by subsequent designation , was misidentified; Colydiumcastaneum Herbst, 1797; we follow currently accepted concepts , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Ulomoides Blackburn, 1888 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Palembus Casey, 1891, a junior synonym of Ulomoides Blackburn, 1888).Massadraamelia Mas-Peinado, Buckley, Ruiz & Garc\u00eda-Par\u00eds, 2018: 541 [F]. Type species: Pimeliagranulithorax Escalera, 1914, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Pimelia Fabricius, 1775 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Mateuina Espa\u00f1ol, 1944: 22, 30 [F]. Type species: Mateuinakaszabi Espa\u00f1ol, 1944, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina.Matthewsotys Bouchard & Bousquet, new genus [M]. Type species: Otysarmatus Champion, 1895, by present designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Note: Otysarmatus Champion, 1895 as the type species of Otys Champion, 1895 and treated it as a valid genus; however, an earlier type species designation by R. Otys Champion, 1895 as a junior synonym of Scaletomerus Blackburn, 1891; we hereby establish Matthewsotys as a new genus and refer to Mauritianopidium Dajoz, 1977: 244 [N]. Type species: Mauritianopidiumoculatum Dajoz, 1977, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina.Mayidicistela Pic, 1954: 259 [F]. Type species: Mayidicistelapaulostriata Pic, 1954, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: incertae sedis.Mechanetes C.O. Waterhouse, 1887: 448 [M]. Type species: Mechanetescornutus C.O. Waterhouse, 1887, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Mecocerus Solier, 1835a: 241 [M]. Type species: Xystropusdejeanii Solier, 1835, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Prostenus Klug, 1829 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Xystropodina. Synonymy: Mecocerus Sch\u00f6nherr, 1833 [Coleoptera: Anthribidae].Mecopisthopus Karsch, 1881: 46 [M]. Type species: Mecopisthopusrohlfsi Karsch, 1881, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Leucolaephus P.H. Lucas, 1859 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Synonymy: Mecysmus Horn, 1870: 349 [M]. Type species: Blapstinusangustus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Blapstinus Dejean, 1821 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Blapstinina. Synonymy: Mederis Motschulsky, 1872: 24 [M]. Type species: Upisangulata Erichson, 1842, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Promethis Pascoe, 1869 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: C.O. Medvedevia Chigray, 2019: 915 [F]. Type species: Medvedeviaglebi Chigray, 2019, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina.Medvedevoblaps Bouchard & Bousquet, new replacement name [F]. Type species [automatic]: Protoblapskashkarovi G.S. Medvedev, 1998, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina. Note: replacement name for Protoblaps G.S. Medvedev, 1998.Megacantha Westwood, 1843: 121 [F]. Type species: Megacanthatenebrosa Westwood, 1843 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: genus also described as new by Megadasus Reitter, 1904: 146 [M]. Type species: Opatrumlefranci Fairmaire, 1863, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Gonocephalum Solier, 1834 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina. Synonymy: Megagenius Solier, 1835b: 512, 513 [M]. Type species: Megageniusfrioli Solier, 1835, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Megalophrys G.R. Waterhouse, 1845b: 321, 322 [F]. Type species: Megalophryspatagonica G.R. Waterhouse, 1845, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Peltolobus Lacordaire, 1859 in Pimeliinae: Trilobocarini. Note: although the older name Megalophrys Wagler, 1830 [Amphibia] was placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology by the Megaprosodes Reitter, 1909a: 118 [M]. Type species: Prosodesstriata Reitter, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Megasattus Casey, 1908: 56, 62 [M]. Type species: Eusattuserosus Horn, 1870, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Eusattus J.L. LeConte, 1851 in Pimeliinae: Coniontini. Synonymy: Megascythis Keleinikova, 1963: 622 [F]. Type species: Megascythispanfilovi Keleinikova, 1963, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Scythis Kraatz, 1865 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Megasida Casey, 1912: 77, 202 [F]. Type species: Asidaobliterata Champion, 1892, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Stenomorpha Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Megatenebrio Gridelli, 1951: 221 [M]. Type species: Tenebriogiganteus Fairmaire, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Tenebrio Linnaeus, 1758 in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini.Megatlasion Koch, 1948: 427 [N]. Type species: Micrositusatlantis Escalera, 1914, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Atlasion Koch, 1948 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina. Synonymy: Megeleates Casey, 1895: 623 [M]. Type species: Megeleatessequoiarum Casey, 1895, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini.Megelenophorus Gebien, 1910a: 121 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Elenophorusamericanus Lacordaire, 1830, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Elenophorini: Megelenophorina. Note: replacement name for Cacicus Dejean, 1834.Megischia Solier, 1835a: 245, 247 [F]. Type species: Cistelacurvipes Brull\u00e9, 1832, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Cteniopodini.Megischina Reitter, 1906b: 118, 171 [F]. Type species: Cistelaarmillata Brull\u00e9, 1832, by subsequent designation  while the second is Latin: crus ; the second word is a neuter noun and therefore the gender of Melancrus is neuter , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Nemapus Solier, 1835 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Melasia Perroud & Mulsant, 1856: 160 [F]. Type species: Melasiagagatina Perroud & Mulsant, 1856 , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Melobates Kaszab, 1941a: 4, 23 [M]. Type species: Melobatesbiroi Kaszab, 1941, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Rehumius Fairmaire, 1893 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Melobrachys Kaszab, 1960b: 273 [M]. Type species: Melobrachyssarawakensis Kaszab, 1960, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Menandris Haag-Rutenberg, 1878: 103 [F]. Type species: Menandrisaenea Haag-Rutenberg, 1878, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Mencheres Champion, 1884: 5 [M]. Type species: Mencheresnicaraguensis Champion, 1884, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina. Note: as mentioned by Menearchus Carter, 1920 is endemic to India and Sri Lanka.Menechides Motschulsky, 1872: 26 [M]. Type species: Helopscalcaratus Fabricius, 1798, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Centronopus Solier, 1848 in Tenebrioninae: Centronopini.Menederes Solier, 1848: 152, 203 [M]. Type species: Menederesrufilabris Solier, 1848, by original designation. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina.Menederopsis Koch, 1954a: 16 [F]. Type species: Menederopsisconstricta Koch, 1954, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina.Menedrio Motschulsky, 1872: 27 [M]. Type species: Tenebrioobscurus Fabricius, 1792, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Tenebrio Linnaeus, 1758 in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini. Synonymy: Heyden in Menephilus Mulsant, 1854: 291 [M]. Type species: Tenebriocurvipes Fabricius, 1792 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Meneristes Pascoe, 1869: 150 [M]. Type species: Meneristeslaticollis Pascoe, 1869 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Asphalina.Menes Champion, 1888: 442 [M]. Type species: Menesmeridanus Champion, 1888, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Meracanthoides Linell, 1896: 698 [M]. Type species: Meracanthoidescupreolineatus Linell, 1896, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Paramarygmus Quedenfeldt, 1885 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Merinus J.L. LeConte, 1862: 230 [M]. Type species: Tenebriolaevis G.-A. Olivier, 1795, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: the original combination of the name of the type species, Tenebriolaevis G.-A. Olivier, 1795, is a junior primary homonym of Tenebriolaevis Forsk\u00e5l, 1775.Merklia Chen, 1997: 307 [F]. Type species: Merkliabimaculata Chen, 1997, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Meropersina Reitter, 1909a: 117 [F]. Type species: Prosodescordicollis Allard, 1884, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Meropria Borchmann, 1921: 217, 228 [F]. Type species: Statiraglabrata M\u00e4klin, 1863, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Merotemnus Horn, 1870: 364, 367 [M]. Type species: Merotemnuselongatus Horn, 1870 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Adelonia Laporte, 1840 in Lagriinae: Belopini. Synonymy: Meroxys Ardoin, 1963a: 132 [M]. Type species: Meroxyshaafi Ardoin, 1963, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: name first proposed by Mesabates Champion, 1884: 3 [M]. Type species: Mesabateslatifrons Champion, 1884, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Mesabatodes Casey, 1907: 517 [M]. Type species: Mesabatesinaequalis Champion, 1892, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Mesoblaps Bauer, 1921: 231 [F]. Type species: Blaps rugulipennis Fairmaire, 1891, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Blaps Fabricius, 1775 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina. Synonymy: Mesohelops Reitter, 1922a: 31 [M]. Type species: Helopscyanipes Allard, 1877, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Mesostenopa Kraatz, 1865: 80, 179 [F]. Type species: Mesostenopapicea Kraatz, 1865, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Metaclisini. Note: nomen protectum .Metallonotus Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1832: 790 [M]. Type species: Metallonotusdenticollis Gray, 1832, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Pycnocerini.Methistamena Gebien, 1919: 28, 151 [F]. Type species: Methistamenaclavipes Gebien, 1919, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Camariomorpha Pic, 1915 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Metisopus Bates, 1873e: 371 [M]. Type species: Metisopuspurpureipennis Bates, 1873, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Metistete Pascoe, 1866a: 489 [F]. Type species: Tanychilusgibbicollis Newman, 1838, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Metonites Gistel, 1848a: viii, 126 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Blapidaokeni Perty, 1830, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Blapida Perty, 1830 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: unnecessary replacement name for Blapida Perty, 1830.Metopoloba Casey, 1907: 379 [F]. Type species: Epitraguspruinosus Horn, 1870, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Metoponiopsis Casey, 1907: 290 [F]. Type species: Eurymetoponbicolor Horn, 1870, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Metoponium Casey, 1907 in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Metoponium Casey, 1907: 288 [N]. Type species: Eurymetoponabnorme J.L. LeConte, 1851, by original designation. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Metriolagria Merkl, 1987: 124, 138 [F]. Type species: Lagriaaffinis Boisduval, 1835, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Metriopus Solier, 1835b: 512, 570 [M]. Type species: Metriopushoffmanseggii Solier, 1835, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini.Metulosonia Bates, 1873c: 261 [F]. Type species: Metulosoniahorni Bates, 1873, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Micipsina Reitter, 1900c: 94, 188 [F]. Type species: Micipsinarolphi Reitter, 1900, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Thalpobia Fairmaire, 1871 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Micrantereus Solier, 1848: 151, 175 [M]. Type species: Acanthomerusanomalus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina.Micrarmalia Casey, 1907: 516 [F]. Type species: Emmenastusconstrictus Champion, 1892, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Micrasida Smith, 2013: 608 [F]. Type species: Micrasidaobrienorum Smith, 2013, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Micrectyche Bates, 1873e: 362 [F]. Type species: Micrectycheintermedia Bates, 1873, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Falsocatomulus Pic, 1914 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Microlagria Seidlitz, 1898b: 336, 339 [F]. Type species: Lagriapoupillieri Reiche, 1864, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Adynata F\u00e5hraeus, 1870 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina. Synonymy: Microleichenum G.S. Medvedev, 1973: 648 [N]. Type species: Microleichenumchoresmense G.S. Medvedev, 1973, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Apsheronellus Bogatchev, 1967 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Leichenina. Synonymy: G.S. Microlyprops Kaszab, 1939a: 108 [M]. Type species: Microlypropsceylonicus Kaszab, 1939, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Goniaderini.Micromenandris Kaszab, 1955a: 511, 513 [F]. Type species: Micromenandrismirabilis Kaszab, 1955, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Micromes Casey, 1907: 432, 441 [M]. Type species: Stibiaovipennis Horn, 1874, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Micromophlus Znojko in Ogloblin and Znojko, 1950: 124 [M]. Type species: Omophlussubtilis Solsky, 1881, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Omophlus Dejean, 1834 in Alleculinae: Cteniopodini.Micronilio Pic, 1936c: 198 [M]. Type species: Niliopunctatus Pic, 1918 , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Nilio Latreille, 1802 in Nilioninae.Microomopheres Freude, 1993: 214 [M]. Type species: Omopheresbrendelli Freude, 1993, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Omopheres Casey, 1907 in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Micropedinus Lewis, 1894: 379 [M]. Type species: Micropedinusalgae Lewis, 1894 , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Microphligra Koch, 1955a: 47 [F]. Type species: Phligraminuta P\u00e9ringuey, 1904, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina.Microphyes W.J. MacLeay, 1872: 286 [M]. Type species: Microphyesrufipes W.J. MacLeay, 1872 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Alphitobius Stephens, 1829 in Tenebrioninae: Alphitobiini. Synonymy: Microphylacinus Iwan, Kami\u0144ski & Aalbu, 2011: 2 [M]. Type species: Microphylacinusverendus Iwan, Kami\u0144ski & Aalbu, 2011, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Dendarina.Microplatyscelis Kaszab, 1940a: 142, 144 [F]. Type species: Faustiaseriepunctata Reitter, 1890, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini.Microprostenus Pic, 1921d: 14 [M]. Type species: Microprostenuslongicornis Pic, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Xystropodina.Micropseudochillus Fouqu\u00e8, 2015: 230, 240 [M]. Type species: Pseudochilluspalawanus Fouqu\u00e8, 2015, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Pseudochillus Fouqu\u00e8, 2015 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina.Microschatia Solier, 1836: 406, 474 [F]. Type species: Microschatiapunctata Solier, 1836, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Microselinus Koch, 1956a: 214 [M]. Type species: Microselinusmuelleri Koch, 1956, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Glyptopteryx Gebien, 1910 in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina. Synonymy: Microsis Koch, 1958: 76, 82 [F]. Type species: Microsisvilhenai Koch, 1958, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini.Micrositus Mulsant & Rey, 1854: 131, 148 [M]. Type species: Micrositusorbicularis Mulsant & Rey, 1854, by subsequent designation .\u2020Mimolaena Ardoin, 1961c: 36 [F]. Type species: Mimolaenapauliani Ardoin, 1961, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Laenini.Mimolagria Pic, 1927a: 44 [F]. Type species: Mimolagriabruchi Pic, 1927, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Mimopeus Pascoe, 1866a: 477 [M]. Type species: Mimopeusamaroides Pascoe, 1866 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Heleina. Note: as mentioned by Mimopeus Pascoe, 1866 is endemic to New Zealand; Celibe Boisduval, 1835.Mimopraogena Pic, 1952d: 10 [F]. Type species: Alleculametallicipennis Pic, 1942, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Mimosynopticus Pic, 1922d: 25 [M]. Type species: Mimosynopticusparvulus Pic, 1922, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Mimothydemus Pic, 1923c: 20 [M]. Type species: Mimothydemusangustatus Pic, 1923 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Lophocnemis M\u00e4klin, 1867 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Synonymy: Mimoxenotermes Pic, 1931a: 106 [M]. Type species: Mimoxenotermesduporti Pic, 1931, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Rhysopaussini.Mimuroplatopsis Borchmann, 1936: 485 [F]. Type species: Mimuroplatopsisatricolor Pic, 1931, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina. Note: this genus was proposed earlier by Minasius Pic, 1932: 18 [M]. Type species: Minasiusopacipennis Pic, 1932, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Minorus Mulsant & Rey, 1854: 41 [M]. Type species: Eurynotusrugicollis Mulsant & Rey, 1854, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Miostenosis Wickham,1913: 297 [F]. Type species: Miostenosislacordairei Wickham, 1913, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: incertae sedis. Note: described from Upper Eocene deposits (USA).\u2020Miotodera Fairmaire, 1901b: 190 [F]. Type species: Miotoderafuneraria Fairmaire, 1901, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Mireanopidium Dajoz, 1977: 240 [N]. Type species: Mireanopidiumcamerunense Dajoz, 1977, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: incertae sedis. Note: placed in \u201cGnathidiini incertae sedis\u201d by Miripronotum Louw, 1979: 117, 118 [N]. Type species: Miripronotumprominoculatum Louw, 1979, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Oxurina.Misolampidius Solsky, 1876: 292 [M]. Type species: Misolampidiustentyrioides Solsky, 1876, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Misolampomorphus Kaszab, 1941a: 2, 6 [M]. Type species: Misolampomorphuskochi Kaszab, 1941 , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Misolampus Latreille, 1806: 160 [M]. Type species: Misolampushoffmannseggii Latreille, 1806 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Mithippia Pascoe, 1869: 288, 293 [F]. Type species: Mithippiaaurita Pascoe, 1869, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina.Mitotagenia Reitter, 1916d: 138, 153 [F]. Type species: Stenosisarabs Baudi di Selve, 1881, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina.Mitragardhus Koch, 1956a: 379 [M]. Type species: Tragardhusnodosus Koch, 1956, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Tragardhus Koch, 1956 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina. Note: combined description of a new genus-group taxon and a single new species . Note: junior homonym of Mitrephorus Sch\u00f6nherr, 1837 [Coleoptera: Curculionidae].Mitrothorax Carter, 1914b: 78 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Mitrephorusconvexicollis Carter, 1913, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Note: replacement name for Mitrephorus Carter, 1913. Note: the First Reviser  is Mitua Hope, 1848: 56 [F]. Type species: Mituabidwelli Hope, 1848 , by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Pseudopatrum Sharp, 1886 in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Synonymy: Mitua Hope, 1848 has been used as valid in recent literature despite the fact that it is a junior homonym of Mitua Strickland, 1841, an unjustified emendation for Mitu Lesson, 1831 [Aves]; Strickland's name has been used as valid since 1899  and is neuter.ignation : 330. Stazaga in : 307 theMoerodes Rye, 1879: 62 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Prophaneswestwoodi W.J. MacLeay, 1872 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Prophanes Westwood, 1849 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Note: unjustified emendation of Maerodes C.O. Waterhouse, 1877, not in prevailing usage.Mogadoria Escalera, 1905c: 467 [F]. Type species: Tentyriasubelegans Fairmaire, 1871, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Eulipus Wollaston, 1864 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Mokalagria Pic, 1953: 163 [F]. Type species: Lopholagriaangustata Pic, 1953, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Lopholagria Borchmann, 1916 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Molion Champion, 1886: 142 [M]. Type species: Penetataurus Lacordaire, 1859, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina. Note: the original combination of the accepted name of the type species, Tenebriogibbus Pallas, 1781, is a junior primary homonym of both Tenebriogibbus Linnaeus, 1767 and Tenebriogibbus DeGeer, 1778.Monatrum Reichardt, 1936: 81, 208 [N]. Type species: Opatrumcarinatum Gebler, 1830, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Scleropatrum Reitter, 1887 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina. Synonymy: Mongolesthes Reitter, 1904: 174 [F]. Type species: Melanesthesheydeni Csiki, 1901, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Melanesthes Dejean, 1834 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina.Mongolopterocoma Skopin, 1974b: 146 [F]. Type species: Pterocomareitteri Frivaldszky, 1890, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Pterocoma Dejean, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Monodius Koch, 1956a: 180 [M]. Type species: Selinusconvexipennis Gebien, 1904, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Monoloba Solier, 1835a: 235 [F]. Type species: Lobopodadircaeoides Solier, 1835, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Lobopoda Solier, 1835 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Montagona G.S. Medvedev, 1998a: 176 [F]. Type species: Tagonoidesasperula Fairmaire, 1896, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Gnaptorinina.Montaguea Kaszab, 1982b: 227 [F]. Type species: Montagueacaledonica Kaszab, 1982, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Montanocatomus Nabozhenko, 2006: 842 [M]. Type species: Catomusgrandis G.S. Medvedev, 1978, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Catomus Allard, 1876 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Montanoodescelis Egorov, 2004: 592 [F]. Type species: Platyscelissahlbergi Reitter, 1900, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Oodescelis Motschulsky, 1845 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini.Monteithium Matthews, 1998: 704, 803 [N]. Type species: Monteithiumascetum Matthews, 1998, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Montiprosodes G.S. Medvedev, 2001: 83 [M]. Type species: Prosodesalaiensis Kraatz, 1885, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Mophis Champion, 1886: 168 [M]. Type species: Mophismarginicollis Champion, 1886, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Bratyna Westwood, 1875 in Alleculinae: incertae sedis. Synonymy: Borchamann .Moromelas Fairmaire, 1898c: 481 [M]. Type species: Moromelasfoveipennis Fairmaire, 1898, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Morphostenophanes Pic, 1925b: 7 [M]. Type species: Morphostenophanesaenescens Pic, 1925, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Mrazius Pic, 1925d: 86 [M]. Type species: Mraziusnodulosus Pic, 1925, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Mucheimira Nov\u00e1k, 2016a: 188 [F]. Type species: Isomirastoetzneri Muche, 1981, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Isomira Mulsant, 1856 in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina.Mutiloxicum Nabozhenko & Ivanov, 2018: 546 [N]. Type species: Toxicumelvirae Nabozhenko & Ivanov, 2018, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Toxicum Latreille, 1802 in Tenebrioninae: Toxicini: Toxicina.Myatis Bates, 1879b: 480 [F]. Type species: Myatishumeralis Bates, 1879, by subsequent designation  by subsequent designation by subgenusErnocharis C.G. Thomson, 1859  when he proposed the replacement name Mycetochara, and Cistelalinearis Illiger, 1794  was selected as the type species for Mycetocharis Gyllenhal, 1827, another replacement name for Mycetophila Gyllenhal, 1810, by Mycetophila Gyllenhal, 1810 that are currently placed in the subgenusMycetochara Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1827, C.G. Cistelaflavipes Fabricius, 1792 as the type species; we recommend that an application be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to set aside previous type species designations for Mycetochara Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1827 and select the type species designation proposed by C.G. ion C.G. : 118. St59 e.g., : 436 andMycetochares Latreille, 1829a: 42 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Cistelaflavipes Fabricius, 1792, by subsequent designation  and Myrmechoxenus (p. 266) were used by Myrmechixenus was written in italics in the Index (p. 282) indicates that the original spelling was treated as a synonym.Myrmecocatops Wasmann, 1897: 268 [M]. Type species: Myrmecocatopslatus Wasmann, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Myrmecodema Gebien, 1943: 402 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Myrmecosomanycterinoides Germain, 1855, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Trachelostenini. Note: replacement name for Myrmecosoma Germain, 1855. Note: transferred from Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini by Myrmecodichillus Kaszab, 1960a: 6, 7, 14 [M]. Type species: Dichillusreichenspergeri Kaszab, 1960, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Dichillus Jacquelin du Val, 1860 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina.Myrmecopeltoides Kaszab, 1973b: 318 [M]. Type species: Myrmecopeltoidescamponoti Kaszab, 1973, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Goniaderini.Myrmecophosis Koch, 1958: 72 [F]. Type species: Zophosispedinoides Gebien, 1920, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini.Myrmecosoma Germain, 1855: 403 [N]. Type species: Myrmecosomanycterinoides Germain, 1855, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Myrmecodema Gebien, 1943 in Tenebrioninae: Trachelostenini. Note: junior homonym of Myrmecosoma Mannerheim, 1846 [Coleoptera: Anthicidae].Myrmecoxenus M\u00e4rkel, 1844: 253 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Myrmechixenussubterraneus Chevrolat, 1835, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Myrmechixenus Chevrolat, 1835 in Diaperinae: Myrmechixenini. Note: unjustified emendation of Myrmechixenus Chevrolat, 1835, not in prevailing usage.Nalassus Mulsant, 1854: 323 [M]. Type species: Helopsdryadophilus Mulsant, 1854, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation (stat. nov. [OM]) of Impressosora Pic, 1952 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina. Note: replacement name for Eutrapela Dejean, 1834; new placement [OM], previously included in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.ignation : 533. StNeognathosia Kaszab, 1959a: 383 [F]. Type species: Gnathosiapseudanemia Reitter, 1915, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Neogria Borchmann, 1911: 222 [F]. Type species: Neogriasulcipennis Borchmann, 1911, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Dendarina. Note: replacement name for Isocerus Dejean, 1821.Neomenimus Kaszab, 1939b: 190 [M]. Type species: Neomenimusclavatus Kaszab, 1939, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Menimus Sharp, 1876 in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Gnathidiina. Synonymy: G.S. Neomida Latreille, 1829a: 29 [F]. Type species: Ips haemorrhoidalis Fabricius, 1787, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Note: Neomida was used earlier by Dahl (1823: 44) but Dahl\u2019s work was suppressed for the purposes of zoological nomenclature by the Neooligocara Guerrero, Vidal & Moore, 2007: 407 [N]. Type species: Oligocarabucki Kulzer, 1962, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini.Neopachypterus Bouchard, L\u00f6bl & Merkl, 2007: 386 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Pachypterusmauritanicus P.H. Lucas, 1847, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Neopachypterina. Note: replacement name for Pachypterus P.H. Lucas, 1847.Neophaleria Espa\u00f1ol, 1963a: 74, 76 [F]. Type species: Phaleriaardoini Espa\u00f1ol, 1963, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Phaleria Latreille, 1802 in Diaperinae: Phaleriini.Neophylax Bedel, 1906a: 92 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Phylaxlittoralis Mulsant, 1854 , by subsequent designation ; however, this is treated as an incorrect subsequent spelling of Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834 (see Bousquet and Bouchard 2013: 50); the subgenusSolenopistoma Mulsant & Rey, 1854, which is currently used as valid, is therefore unavailable . Status: senior synonym of Nephodinus Gebien, 1943 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina. Note: originally proposed without included nominal species; Rosenhauer (1856: 218), by including the new species Nephodesvilliger Rosenhauer, 1856 in association with this name, was the first author to subsequently and expressly include nominal species in Nephodes . Status: valid genus and subgenus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina. Note: replacement name for Nephodes Blanchard, 1845.Nerina Lacordaire, 1859a: 70 [F]. Type species: Nerinadispar Lacordaire, 1859, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Afrinus Fairmaire, 1888 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Nerina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [Diptera].Nerinodon Koch, 1952a: 138 [M]. Type species: Nerinodoncaviceps Koch, 1952, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Nesioticus Westwood, 1843: 120 [M]. Type species: Nesioticusflavopictus Westwood, 1843, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: redescribed as new by Nesocaedius Kolbe, 1915: 262 [M]. Type species: Nesocaediusschultzei Kolbe, 1915, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina.Nesocyrtosoma Marcuzzi, 1976: 137 [N]. Type species: Cyrtosomainflatum Marcuzzi, 1976, by plenary powers  is ignation : 38. StaNetopha Fairmaire, 1893c: 299 [F]. Type species: Netophapallidipes Fairmaire, 1893, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Netuschilia Reitter, 1904: 34, 35 [F]. Type species: Lachnopushauseri Reitter, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Lachnogyini: Netuschiliina.Nevermanniella Borchmann, 1936: 235, 332 [F]. Type species: Statiraalbolineata Champion, 1889, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina. Note: the alternative original spelling Nevermannia  was corrected to Nevermanniella in the \u201cCorrigenda\u201d of the same work (p. 541), Nevermanniella is considered to be the correct original spelling , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Micropedinus Lewis, 1894 in Lagriinae: Lupropini. Synonymy: G.S. Notostrongylium Carter, 1915b: 523 [N]. Type species: Notostrongyliumrugosicolle Carter, 1915, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Nycteliini. Note: nomen protectum , by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Nyctelia Berthold, 1827 in Pimeliinae: Nycteliini. Synonymy: Nycterinus Eschscholtz, 1829: 9.13 [M]. Type species: Nycterinusthoracicus Eschscholtz, 1829, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation ; we recommend that an application be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to maintain the type species designation proposed by ignation : 260. StOcnodes F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 270 [F]. Type species: Ocnodesscrobicollis F\u00e5hraeus, 1870, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation  is ignation : 662. StOdontocera Chen & Yuan, 1996: 183 [F]. Type species: Odontoceraqinlingensis Chen & Yuan, 1996, by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Odontocerostira Merkl, 2007 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina. Note: junior homonym of Odontocera Audinet-Serville, 1834 [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae].Odontocerostira Merkl, 2007: 269 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Odontoceraqinlingensis Chen & Yuan, 1996, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina. Note: replacement name for Odontocera Chen & Yuan, 1996.Odontocnemis Rye, 1878: 69 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Odocnemiscaudata Allard, 1876 , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina.Ohyonthis Reitter, 1898: 347 [F]. Type species: Ohyonthismicroderoides Reitter, 1898, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Stegastopsis Kraatz, 1865 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Oligocara Solier, 1848: 153, 224 [N]. Type species: Oligocaranitidum Solier, 1848, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini.Oligorus Dejean, 1834: 206 [M]. Type species: Tageniaindica Wiedemann, 1823, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Luprops Hope, 1833 in Lagriinae: Lupropini. Synonymy: Lyprops\u201d).Oliprosodes Reitter, 1909a: 118 [M]. Type species: Prosodestrisulcata Bates, 1879, by subsequent designation . Status: junior synonym of Phylan Sturm, 1826 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Dendarina. Synonymy: Omocrates (p. 150) was corrected to Olocrates in the \u201cErrata\u201d of the same work (p. 383), Olocrates is considered to be the correct original spelling .Omala Agassiz, 1846b: 184 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Homalapolita Eschscholtz, 1831, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Homala Eschscholtz, 1831 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Note: unjustified emendation of Homala Eschscholtz, 1831, not in prevailing usage.Omaleis Allard, 1876a: 4 [M]. Type species: Helopscongener Reiche, 1861, by subsequent designation  and therefore Omalois should be considered the correct original spelling  was suppressed for the purposes of zoological nomenclature by the ignation : 246. StOncopterus Fairmaire, 1887a: 178 [M]. Type species: Oncopterusacantholophus Fairmaire, 1887, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Oncopteryx Gebien, 1943 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina. Note: junior homonym of Oncopterus Steindachner, 1875 [Pisces].Oncopteryx Gebien, 1943: 905 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Oncopterusacantholophus Fairmaire, 1887, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina. Note: replacement name for Oncopterus Fairmaire, 1887.Oncosoma Westwood, 1843: 121 [N]. Type species: Oncosomagranulare Westwood, 1843 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Amatodes Dejean, 1834 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina. Synonymy: Ogcosoma, introduced by Ogcoosoma; the original combination of the accepted name of the type species, Pimeliagemmata Fabricius, 1801, is a junior primary homonym of Pimeliagemmata Herbst, 1799.Oncoosoma Gebien, 1911a: 563 [N]. Type species [automatic]: Oncosomagranulare Westwood, 1843 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Amatodes Dejean, 1834 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina. Note: unjustified emendation of Oncosoma Westwood, 1843 (as \u201cOgcosoma\u201d), not in prevailing usage.Oncotiphallops Koch, 1956a: 162 [M]. Type species: Oncotiphallopsbarbosai Koch, 1956, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Anchophthalmus Gerstaecker, 1854 in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina. Synonymy: Oncotopsis Koch, 1958: 152 [F]. Type species: Nicandrabicolor Kulzer, 1951, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Nicandra Fairmaire, 1888 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina.Oncotus Blanchard, 1845: 13, 24 [M]. Type species: Oncotusfarctus Solier, 1848, by subsequent designation .Oochrotus P.H. Lucas, 1852: xxix [M]. Type species: Oochrotusunicolor P.H. Lucas, 1852, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Oocistela Borchmann, 1908: 356 [F]. Type species: Oocistelaconvexa Borchmann, 1908, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Ooconibius Casey, 1895: 618 [M]. Type species: Notibiusopacus J.L. LeConte, 1866, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Conibius J.L. LeConte, 1851 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Blapstinina. Synonymy: Aalbu in Oodeoscelis Agassiz, 1846b: 260 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Blapspolita Sturm, 1807, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina.Oogeton Kaszab, 1941b: 69 [M]. Type species: Oogetonnigrocoeruleus Kaszab, 1941 , by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: name first used by Oopiestus Chevrolat, 1833b: 30, pl. 2 [M]. Type species: Oopiestusovalis Chevrolat, 1833 , by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Peltoides Laporte, 1833 in Tenebrioninae: Alphitobiini. Synonymy: Audoin and Milne-Edward (1835: 188). Note: the alternative original spelling Opiestus, used by Oopiestus Chevrolat, 1833 was published by 16 March 1833 before Peltoides Laporte, 1833, issued by 1 April 1833, and should be treated as the valid name instead; an application to the ICZN is necessary to conserve usage of Peltoides Laporte, 1833 as the valid name.Opacoplonyx Bremer, 2014a: 35 [M]. Type species: Plesiophthalmusdavidis Fairmaire, 1878, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Plesiophthalmus Motschulsky, 1857 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Opatrasida Escalera, 1922b: 69 [F]. Type species: Asidajurinei Solier, 1836, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Gonocephalum Solier, 1834 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina.Opatrum Fabricius, 1775: 76 [N]. Type species: Silphasabulosa Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation  was corrected to Ophthalmosis in a footnote in the \u201cTable des mati\u00e8res\u201d of the same work (p. clxiv), Ophthalmosis is considered to be the correct original spelling , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Platyphanes Westwood, 1849 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy: Opisthoblaps Kolbe, 1928: 201 [F]. Type species: Blaps sulcifera Seidlitz, 1893, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Oploptera Chevrolat in Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1844: 126 [F]. Type species: Strongyliumserraticorne Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Opostirus Kirsch, 1865: 45 [M]. Type species: Opostirusexsectus Kirsch, 1865, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Toxicini: Dysantina. Note: transferred from Zopheridae: Colydiinae by Oppenheimeria Koch, 1952a: 110 [F]. Type species: Oppenheimeriabombophthalma Koch, 1952, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Evaniosomini.Oracula Nov\u00e1k, 2019f: 54 [F]. Type species: Oraculabicolor Nov\u00e1k, 2019, by original designation. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Orarabion Leo & Liberto, 2011: 157 [N]. Type species: Orarabiondominici Leo & Liberto, 2011, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Orchesiolobopoda Pic, 1919: 6 [F]. Type species: Orchesiolobopodaminutissima Pic, 1919, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Orcopagia Pascoe, 1868: xii [F]. Type species: Orcopagiamonstrosa Pascoe, 1868, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Toxicini: Dysantina.Oremasis Pascoe, 1866a: 470 [M]. Type species: Adeliumcupreum Gray, 1831, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy: Oreogria Merkl, 1988b: 248 [F]. Type species: Oreogriakaszabi Merkl, 1988, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Oreomelasma Espa\u00f1ol, 1975: 238, 240 [N]. Type species: Oreomelasmaoromii Espa\u00f1ol, 1975, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Orghidania Ardoin, 1977: 383 [F]. Type species: Orghidaniatorrei Ardoin, 1977, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Spelaebiosis Bousquet & Bouchard, 2018 in Tenebrioninae: Triboliini. Note: junior homonym of Orghidania Capuse, 1971 [Lepidoptera].Orientocara Koch, 1952a: 176 [N]. Type species: Stenocaraarachnoides Gerstaecker, 1854, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini.Orientochile Penrith & Endr\u00f6dy-Younga, 1994: 82 [F]. Type species: Cryptochileelegans Gerstaecker, 1854, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cryptochilini: Cryptochilina.Orobychus Pascoe, 1868: xii [M]. Type species: Orobychuslacordairii Pascoe, 1868 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Taphrosoma Kirsch, 1866 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Orocina Reitter, 1897a: 303 [F]. Type species: Orocinacapnisiceps Reitter, 1897, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina. Synonymy: new synonym [YB]. Note: this genus-group taxon has been forgotten in the literature; its type species is currently placed in the nominotypical subgenus of Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 and for that reason Gozis\u2019s name is regarded as a new junior synonym of Nalassus.Ortheolus Casey, 1907: 380 [M]. Type species: Schoenicusoculatus Champion, 1884, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Orthogonoderes Solier, 1841a: 233 [M]. Type species: Praocissubreticulatus Solier, 1841, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Oteroscelis Solier, 1835b: 546 [F]. Type species: Adesmiapulcherrima Solier, 1835 , by subsequent designation .Otrintus Pascoe, 1866a: 483 [M]. Type species: Prosodesbehrii Germar, 1848, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Cardiothorax Motschulsky, 1860 in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Synonymy: Otys Champion, 1895a: 221 [M]. Type species: Otysharpalinus Champion, 1895 , by subsequent designation  not knowing of the earlier valid designation by R. ation R. : 468. StOubanghinum Pic, 1933: 4 [N]. Type species: Oubanghinumatrum Pic, 1933, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Heterotarsus Latreille, 1829 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Heterotarsina. Synonymy: Ovalobioramix Egorov, 2004: 603 [F]. Type species: Platyscelismolesta Bogatchev, 1947, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Bioramix Bates, 1879 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini.Ovaloodescelis Kaszab, 1940b: 940, 947 [F]. Type species: Platyscelisaffinis Seidlitz, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Oodescelis Motschulsky, 1845 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini.Overlaetia Pic, 1937b: 304 [F]. Type species: Overlaetiagracilitarsis Pic, 1937, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: as pointed out by Overlaetia Schouteden, 1932 [Hemiptera] is not nomenclaturally available and therefore Overlaetia Pic, 1937 is not a junior homonym.Oxidates Champion, 1886: 263 [M]. Type species: Oxidatesplanicollis Champion, 1886, by subsequent designation  noted that Akislaevigata Fabricius of Tenebriobuprestoides Fabricius, 1781; we follow currently accepted concepts .Pachycyrtosoma Marcuzzi, 1999: 81 [N]. Type species: Cyrtosomamerkli Marcuzzi, 1999, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Nesocyrtosoma Marcuzzi, 1976 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Pachylagria Borchmann, 1912a: 17 [F]. Type species: Pachylagriaovata Borchmann, 1912, by subsequent designation .ignation : 115. StPachylesthus Fairmaire, 1897e: 219 [M]. Type species: Pachylesthusvalidus Fairmaire, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Pachylocerus Hope, 1841: 186 [M]. Type species: Pachyloceruswestermanni Hope, 1841, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Pycnocerus Westwood, 1841 in Lagriinae: Pycnocerini. Note: junior homonym of Pachylocerus Hope, 1834 [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae].Pachylodera Quedenfeldt, 1890: 399 [F]. Type species: Pachyloderabrevicornis Quedenfeldt, 1890, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Pachymastus Fairmaire, 1896b: 350 [M]. Type species: Pachymastusasperulus Fairmaire, 1896, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: incertae sedis. Note: placed in Opatrini incertae sedis by Pachynotelus Solier, 1841a: 210, 267 [367] [M]. Type species: Pachynotelusalbiventris Solier, 1841, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cryptochilini: Cryptochilina.Pachyphaleria Gebien, 1920: 136 [F]. Type species: Phaleriacapensis Laporte, 1840, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Phaleriini.Pachypterocoma Skopin, 1974b: 157 [F]. Type species: Pterocomapallasi Semenov-Tjan-Shansky, 1910, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Pterocoma Dejean, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Pachypterus P.H. Lucas, 1847: pl. 29 [M]. Type species: Pachypterusmauritanicus P.H. Lucas, 1847, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Neopachypterus Bouchard, L\u00f6bl & Merkl, 2007 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Neopachypterina. Note: junior homonym of Pachypterus Swainson, 1839 [Pisces].Pachyscelina Kwieton, 1978: 29, 30 [F]. Type species: Pachyscelismicros Kaszab, 1970, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Pachyscelis Solier, 1836: 9, 54 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Pimeliamusiva M\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s, 1832, by subsequent designation . Note: the type locality for Iphthinusaereus Melsheimer, 1846 was incorrectly given as \u201cPennsylvania\u201d originally .Paita Fauvel, 1904: 173 [F]. Type species: Paitasetosella Fauvel, 1904, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Menimus Sharp, 1876 in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Gnathidiina. Synonymy: Paivaea Wollaston, 1864: 449 [F]. Type species: Tentyriahispida Brull\u00e9, 1839, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Paivea Scudder, 1882: 213 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Tentyriahispida Brull\u00e9, 1839, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Paivaea Wollaston, 1864 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Note: unjustified emendation of Paivaea Wollaston, 1864, not in prevailing usage.Palaeobasanus Nabozhenko & Kirejtshuk, 2020: 25 [M]. Type species: Palaeobasanusneli Nabozhenko & Kirejtshuk, 2020, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Scaphidemini. Note: described from Middle-Upper Paleocene deposits (France).\u2020Palaeosclerum Nabozhenko & Kirejtshuk, 2017: 308 [N]. Type species: Palaeosclerumpohli Nabozhenko & Kirejtshuk, 2017, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Sclerina. Note: described from Middle-Upper Paleocene deposits (France).\u2020Palembomimus Matthews & Lawrence, 2005: 539 [M]. Type species: Platydemadeplanata Champion, 1894, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina.Palembus Casey, 1891: 65 [M]. Type species: Palembusocularis Casey, 1891, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Ulomoides Blackburn, 1888 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Palorinus Blair, 1930: 135 [M]. Type species: Palorushumeralis Gebien, 1914, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Palorini.Paloropsis Masumoto & Grimm, 2004: 127 [F]. Type species: Paloropsisirei Masumota & Grimm, 2004, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Palorini.Palorus Mulsant, 1854: 250 [M]. Type species: Hypophlaeusdepressus Fabricius, 1790, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Palorini.Palpafrina Koch, 1950b: 329 [F]. Type species: Afrinuswatsoni Koch, 1950, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Afrinus Fairmaire, 1888 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Palpichara Borchmann, 1932a: 355 [F]. Type species: Palpicharaserricornis Borchmann, 1932, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Palpicula Nov\u00e1k, 2018a: 168 [F]. Type species: Alleculafiliola Borchmann, 1925, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Palpomodes Koch, 1952d: 223 [M]. Type species: Psammodesphysopterus Gebien, 1920, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Oxurina.Pandarinus Mulsant & Rey, 1854: 50, 103 [M]. Type species: Pandarinustenellus Mulsant & Rey, 1854, by subsequent designation .Paradissonomus G.S. Medvedev, 1968a: 229 [M]. Type species: Dissonomuslongulus Bogatchev & Kryzhanovsky, 1960, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Dissonomus Jacquelin du Val, 1861 in Tenebrioninae: Dissonomini.Paradrus Jakobson, 1924: 242 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Pseudhadrusseriatus Kolbe, 1910, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .\u2020Paraleptodes G.S. Medvedev, 1967: 354 [M]. Type species: Leptodeslindbergi Kaszab, 1959, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Leptodes Dejean, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Leptodini.Paralitoborus Antoine, 1931: 190 [M]. Type species: Litoborussternalis Fairmaire, 1884, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Litoborus Mulsant & Rey, 1854 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Paralorelopsis Marcuzzi, 1994: 117 [F]. Type species: Paralorelopsisbordoni Marcuzzi, 1994, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lupropini.Paralyreus Grouvelle, 1918: 24 [M]. Type species: Paralyreusscotti Grouvelle, 1918, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina.Paramarygmus Quedenfeldt, 1885: 25 [M]. Type species: Paramarygmusnigroaeneus Quedenfeldt, 1885 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Paramellon C.O. Waterhouse, 1882b: iv [N]. Type species: Paramellonsociale C.O. Waterhouse, 1882, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cossyphodini: Paramellonina.Paramellops Andreae, 1961: 201 [M]. Type species: Cossyphodesbewicki Wollaston, 1861, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cossyphodini: Cossyphodina.Paramisolampidius Merkl & Masumoto in Paramisolampidiuskagoshimensis Nakane, 1968, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: name first proposed by Paramisolampidiuskagoshimensis Nakane, 1968 as the type species of Nakane\u2019s name but did not explicitly indicate the genus-group name as intentionally new ; this genus was previously considered to be \u201cdefinitely not a tenebrionid\u201d by \u2020Partystona Watt, 1992: 47 [F]. Type species: Partystonametallica Watt, 1992, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Titaenini.Passalocharis Koch, 1954b: 13 [F]. Type species: Chirocharisintermedius Gebien, 1911, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Pycnocerini.Patagonogenius Flores, 2000a: 371, 390 [M]. Type species: Mitrageniusquadricollis Fairmaire, 1876, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Nycteliini.Patagonopraocis Flores & Chani-Posse, 2005: 576 [M]. Type species: Patagonopraocismagellanicus Flores & Chani-Posse, 2005, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Praociini.Paulianaria Bouchard & Bousquet, new genus [F]. Type species: Paulianariastrongylioides Ardoin, 1961, by present designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: Paulianaria for five nominal species, but unfortunately did not designate a type species; the genus Paulianaria, which has been treated as valid since 1961, is therefore unavailable  is Pectinepitragus Pic, 1927a: 44 [M]. Type species: Pectinepitraguspubescens Pic, 1927, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Pectphegoneus Freude, 1968: 90, 98 [M]. Type species: Schoenicuspectoralis Champion, 1884, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Phegoneus Casey, 1907 in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Pedarasida Reitter, 1917a: 11, 28 [F]. Type species: Asidacariosicollis Solier, 1836, by subsequent designation .Pedoeces Agassiz, 1846b: 276 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Pedonoecesgalapagoensis G.R. Waterhouse, 1845, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Strongylium W. Kirby, 1819 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Synonymy: Pelecypalpus Hinton, 1947: 91 [M]. Type species: Pelecypalpusmedon Hinton, 1947, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Scotoderus Perroud & Montrouzier, 1865 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Pelecyphorus Solier, 1836: 406, 467 [M]. Type species: Pelecyphorusmexicanus Solier, 1836, by subsequent designation . Status: valid subgenus of Euboeus Boieldieu, 1865 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Pelorocnemis Solsky, 1876: 283 [F]. Type species: Pimeliapunctigera M\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s, 1849, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Peltadesmia Kuntzen, 1916: 149 [F]. Type species: Metriopusplatynotus Gerstaecker, 1854, by present designation. Status: junior synonym of Coeladesmia Reitter, 1916 in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini. Synonymy: Peltarium Fischer von Waldheim, 1844: 106 [N]. Type species: Peltariummarginatum Fischer von Waldheim, 1844 , by subsequent designation .ignation : 734. StPerdicus Fairmaire, 1899c: 386 [M]. Type species: Perdicusantrophilus Fairmaire, 1899, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina.Perdistretus Koch, 1953d: 65 [M]. Type species: Distretusvilhenai Koch, 1953, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Distretus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina.Periatrum Sharp, 1886: 407 [N]. Type species: Periatrumhelmsi Sharp, 1886, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Periblaps Bauer, 1921: 32 [F]. Type species: none designated. Status: undetermined taxon in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina. Note: this genus was described before 1931 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Phaedeucyrtus Pic, 1916e: 14 [M]. Type species: Phaedeucyrtusobscuripes Pic, 1916, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Phaedis Pascoe, 1866 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Phaedis Pascoe, 1866a: 474 [M]. Type species: Phaediselysius Pascoe, 1866, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Phaedogria Borchmann, 1936: 16, 57 [F]. Type species: Lagriaionoptera Erichson, 1834, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Phaenogeton Bremer, 2016: 220 [M]. Type species: Amarygmusvaricolor Gebien, 1921, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Phaeostolus Fairmaire, 1884c: cxlvi [M]. Type species: Phaeostolusgrandicornis Fairmaire, 1884, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Praeugenini. Note: redescribed as new by Phaeotribon Kraatz, 1865: 81, 242 [M]. Type species: Phaeotribonpulchellus Kraatz, 1865, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Phaleria Latreille, 1802: 162 [F]. Type species: Tenebriocadaverinus Fabricius, 1792, by plenary powers , by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Ocnodes F\u00e5hraeus, 1870 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina. Synonymy: Phanerotoma Wesmael, 1838 [Hymenoptera].Phanerotomea Koch, 1958: 58 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Phanerotomaelongata Solier, 1843 , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Ocnodes F\u00e5hraeus, 1870 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina. Note: replacement name for Phanerotoma Solier, 1843.Phayllidius Gebien, 1922a: 451 [M]. Type species: Phayllidiusdispar Gebien, 1922, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Ulomoides Blackburn, 1888 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Phayllus Champion, 1886: 167 [M]. Type species: Phayllusminutus Champion, 1886, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina.Phediodes Campbell, 1976: 26 [M]. Type species: Phediodesapterus Campbell, 1976, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Phedius Champion, 1888: 447 [M]. Type species: Phediuschevrolati Champion, 1888, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Phelopatrum Marseul, 1876: 100 [N]. Type species: Hadrusscaphoides Marseul, 1876, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina.Phenus Gebien, 1921a: 324, 325 [M]. Type species: Phenuslatitarsis Gebien, 1921, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Pheres Champion, 1886: 150 [M]. Type species: Pheresbatesi Champion, 1886, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini.Pheugonius Fairmaire, 1899b: 313 [M]. Type species: Pheugoniusborneensis Fairmaire, 1899, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Pycnocerini.Phibalus Gistel, 1856: 384 [M]. Type species: Chrysomelapubescens Linnaeus, 1767, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Omophlus Dejean, 1834 in Alleculinae: Cteniopodini.Philhamellus Kaszab, 1962b: 83, 84 [M]. Type species: Philhammusmyrmecophilus Kaszab, 1960, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Philhammus Fairmaire, 1871 in Pimeliinae: Cnemeplatiini: Cnemeplatiina.Philhammus Fairmaire, 1871a: 393 [M]. Type species: Philhammussericans Fairmaire, 1871, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Cnemeplatiini: Cnemeplatiina.Philolithus Lacordaire in J.L. LeConte, 1858b: 18 [M]. Type species: Pelecyphoruscarinatus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cyrtoderes Dejean, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina. Synonymy: Phobelius Blanchard, 1842: pl. 14 [M]. Type species: Phobeliuscrenatus Blanchard, 1842, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Goniaderini. Note: see Phrenapates Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1831: pl. 50 [M]. Type species: Phrenapatesbennettii Gray, 1831, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Phrenapatinae: Phrenapatini.Phrynocarenum Gebien, 1928: 106 [N]. Type species: Phrynocarenumbruchianum Gebien, 1928 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Phrynocarenini.Phrynocolopsis Koch, 1951: 93 [F]. Type species: Phrynocolusfrondosus Gerstaecker, 1871, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Phrynocolus Lacordaire, 1859 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina.Phrynocolus Lacordaire, 1859a: 201 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Cryptogeniusdentatus Solier, 1843, by original designation. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina. Note: replacement name for Cryptogenius Solier, 1843.Phrynophanes Koch, 1951: 92 [M]. Type species: Molurisgredleri Haag-Rutenberg, 1877, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina.Phthora Champion, 1893a: 531 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Phtoracrenata Mulsant, 1854 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Clamoris Gozis, 1886 in Phrenapatinae: Penetini. Note: unjustified emendation of Phtora Mulsant, 1854, not in prevailing usage; junior homonym of Phthora Gemminger, 1870 [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Phaleriini].Phthora Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1959 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Phtoracrenata Germar, 1836, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Phtora Germar, 1836 in Diaperinae: Phaleriini. Note: unjustified emendation of Phtora Germar, 1836, not in prevailing usage.Phtora Germar, 1836: pl. 11 [F]. Type species: Phtoracrenata Germar, 1836, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Diaperinae: Phaleriini. Note: the alternative original spelling Phthora, used by Phtora Mulsant, 1854: 228 [F]. Type species: Phtoracrenata Mulsant, 1854 , by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Clamoris Gozis, 1886 in Phrenapatinae: Penetini. Note: junior homonym of Phtora Germar, 1836 [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Phaleriini].Phygoscotus Schulz, 1902: 134 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Spheniscuserotyloides W. Kirby, 1819, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cuphotes Champion, 1887 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Note: replacement name for Spheniscus W. Kirby, 1819.Phylacastus Fairmaire, 1897f: 116 [M]. Type species: Phylacastusstriolatus Fairmaire, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina.Phylacinus Fairmaire, 1896b: 349 [M]. Type species: Phylacinusasperipennis Fairmaire, 1896, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Dendarina.Phylan Sturm, 1826: 23 [M]. Type species: Opatrumgibbum Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent monotypy , by subsequent monotypy , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Cymatothes Dejean, 1834 Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Physignathus Cuvier, 1829 [Reptilia].Physocoelus Haldeman, 1850: 347 [M]. Type species: Psorodesinflata Solier, 1848 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Meracantha W. Kirby, 1837 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Physodera Solier, 1843: 78, 125 [F]. Type species: Pimeliagibba Fabricius, 1787, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Moluris Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina. Synonymy: Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 [Coleoptera: Carabidae].Physogaster Lacordaire, 1830a: 276 [F]. Type species: Physogastermendocina Lacordaire, 1830, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Physogasterini.Physogasterinus Kaszab, 1981a: 79 [M]. Type species: Physogasterinuslanuginosus Kaszab, 1981, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Physogasterini.Physogria Borchmann, 1916a: 48, 108 [F]. Type species: Lagriagibbosa Kolbe, 1901, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Physohelops Schuster, 1937: 50 [M]. Type species: Physohelopsfreyi Schuster, 1937, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Physolagria Fairmaire, 1891g: 114 [F]. Type species: Physolagriamolleri Fairmaire, 1891, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Physophrynus Fairmaire, 1882c: l [M]. Type species: Physophrynusburdoi Fairmaire, 1882, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina.Physosterna Dejean, 1834: 179 [F]. Type species: Pimeliaovata G.-A. Olivier, 1795 , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Adesmia Fischer, 1822 in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini.Phytolostoma Koch, 1952b: 34 [N]. Type species: Phytolostomalimpopoana Koch, 1952, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Phitophilus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831a: pl. 4 [M]. Type species: Phitophilushelopioides Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Piccula Bousquet & Bouchard in Gerardiasublineata Pic, 1954, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina. Note: replacement name for Gerardia Pic, 1954.Piciella Borchmann, 1936: 237, 435 [F]. Type species: Piciellahelopioides Borchmann, 1936, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Picnotagalus Kaszab, 1939a: 102 [M]. Type species: Picnotagalushorni Kaszab, 1939, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Scolytocaulus Fairmaire, 1896 in Phrenapatinae: Penetini. Synonymy: Picocamaria Masumoto, 1993b: 226, 232 [F]. Type species: Camariageniculata Pic, 1915, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Piesomera Solier, 1843: 77 [F]. Type species: Pimeliascabra Fabricius, 1775, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Psammodes W. Kirby, 1819 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina. Synonymy: Piesterotarsa S\u00e9nac, 1884: 8 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Pimeliagigantea Fischer, 1820, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Leprocaulinus Kaszab, 1982 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Leprocaulinus Kaszab, 1982 regarding the validity of this older name.Pigeostrongylium Kaszab, 1984: 355, 385 [N]. Type species: Pigeostrongyliumkedahense Kaszab, 1984, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Pigeus Gebien, 1919: 28, 153 [M]. Type species: Camarimenanitidipes Fairmaire, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Pilioloba Erichson in Agassiz, 1846a: 144 [F]. Type species: Salaxlacordairii Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Salax Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Trilobocarini. Synonymy: Erichson in Pilioloba was listed as synonym of Salax Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834 by Erichson in Pilioloba was therefore made available from its first publication as a synonym .Pimelia Fabricius, 1775: 251 [F]. Type species: Pimeliaangulata Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Leiochrinini.Piscicula Robiche, 2004a: 736 [F]. Type species: Pisciculasprecherae Robiche, 2004, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina.Pisterotarsa Motschulsky, 1860c: 532 [F]. Type species: Pimeliagigantea Fischer, 1820, by subsequent designation , by plenary powers  is Planoprosodes G.S. Medvedev, 2005b: 90 [M]. Type species: Prosodesreitteri Reitter, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina. Note: originally described as a section within a subgenus.Planostibes Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1926 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Planodesbyrroides Mulsant & Rey, 1859, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Palorini. Note: originally described in the family Cucujidae, transferred to Tenebrionidae by Platycrepis Lacordaire, 1859b: 418 [F]. Type species: Platycrepisviolacea Lacordaire, 1859, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Platycrypticus Espa\u00f1ol, 1955: 9, 17 [M]. Type species: Crypticusviaticus Fairmaire, 1851, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Crypticus Latreille, 1816 in Diaperinae: Crypticini. Note: replacement name for Ulomoides Escalera, 1927. Note: Platycrypticus earlier; however, the name is unavailable from that date since the author did not fix a type species .\u2020Platydema Laporte & Brull\u00e9, 1831: 332, 350 [F]. Type species: Diaperisviolacea Fabricius, 1790, by subsequent designation  was corrected to Platynosum in the \u201cErrata\u201d of the same work (p. 150), Platynosum is considered to be the correct original spelling . Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Note: Tenebrioleucographus (p. 474) and Tenebrioleucogrammus (p. 719); subsequently, T.leucographus as the valid name of the species and so acted as First Reviser , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Podhomala Solier, 1836: 9, 72 [F]. Type species: Podhomalasuturalis Solier, 1836, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Podoces P\u00e9ringuey, 1886: 122 [F]. Type species: Podocesgranosula P\u00e9ringuey, 1886, by present designation. Status: senior synonym of Carchares Pascoe, 1887 in Tenebrioninae: Scaurini. Synonymy: Podoces Fischer, 1821 [Aves].Pododonta Agassiz, 1846b: 300 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Cistelanigrita Fabricius, 1794, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Adelostoma Duponchel, 1827 in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini. Synonymy: Erichson in Polytropus Kirsch, 1866: 201 [M]. Type species: Polytropuslaenoides Kirsch, 1866, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Chaetyllus Pascoe, 1860 in Lagriinae: Laenini. Synonymy: Ponapeida Kulzer, 1957: 242, 248 [F]. Type species: Ponapeidarufitarsis Kulzer, 1957, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Pontianacus Fairmaire, 1898d: 397 [M]. Type species: Pontianacusrubricrus Fairmaire, 1898, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Poopterocoma Skopin, 1974b: 145 [F]. Type species: Pterocomazaidamica Skopin, 1974, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Pterocoma Dejean, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Porphyrhyba Fairmaire, 1877a: 137 [F]. Type species: Porphyrhybaviolaceicolor Fairmaire, 1877, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Porphyrohyba Rye, 1879: 62 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Porphyrhybaviolaceicolor Fairmaire, 1877, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Porphyrhyba Fairmaire, 1877 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: unjustified emendation of Porphyrhyba Fairmaire, 1877, not in prevailing usage.Porrolagria Kolbe, 1883: 26 [F]. Type species: Porrolagrianuda Kolbe, 1883, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Posides Champion, 1884: 6 [M]. Type species: Posidesdissidens Champion, 1884, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Postandrosus Kulzer, 1951b: 490 [M]. Type species: Postandrosusmaculipennis Kulzer, 1951, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Postpraocis Flores & Pizarro-Araya, 2014: 60 [M]. Type species: Praocispentachorda Burmeister, 1875, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829 in Pimeliinae: Praociini. Note: this name was first proposed by Potocula Nov\u00e1k, 2012: 290 [F]. Type species: Potoculakubani Nov\u00e1k, 2012, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Praeugena Laporte, 1840: 241 [F]. Type species: Helopsmarginatus Fabricius, 1792, by subsequent designation .\u2020Praocida Flores & Pizarro-Araya, 2014: 70 [F]. Type species: Praociszischkai Kulzer, 1958, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829 in Pimeliinae: Praociini. Note: this name was first proposed by Praocidia Fairmaire, 1904b: 463 [F]. Type species: Praocisnervosus Fairmaire, 1902, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Praociini.Praocis Eschscholtz, 1829: 6 [M]. Type species: Praocisrufipes Eschscholtz, 1829, by subsequent designation . Note: junior homonym of Prionotus Lacep\u00e8de, 1802 [Pisces].Prionychus Solier, 1835a: 231, 237 [M]. Type species: Helopsater Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation , Achora Pascoe, 1869, a junior synonym of Isopteron Hope, 1841). Note: replacement name for Prionotus Mulsant & Rey, 1859.Pristophilus Kolbe, 1903: 165, 174 [M]. Type species: Chiroscelispassaloides Westwood, 1842, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Pycnocerini.Probaticus Seidlitz, 1895: 697, 704, 764 [M]. Type species: Helopsmori Brull\u00e9, 1832, by subsequent designation  was corrected to Probaticus in the \u201cAmendments and corrections\u201d of the same work (p. 849), Probaticus is considered to be the correct original spelling , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Rhinandrus J.L. LeConte, 1866 in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini. Synonymy: Exerestus Bates, 1870, a junior synonym of Rhinandrus J.L. LeConte, 1866).Prodilamus Ardoin, 1969e: 258 [M]. Type species: Dilamusbrevicollis Fairmaire, 1894, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina.Prohylithus Kaszab, 1964c: 382 [M]. Type species: Prohylithuskulzeri Kaszab, 1964, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Prolabrus Fairmaire, 1897a: 111 [M]. Type species: Prolabrusparallelus Fairmaire, 1897, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Palorini.Prolaena Kaszab, 1980b: 322 [F]. Type species: Laenaceylonica Motschulsky, 1858, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Laenini. Note: Prolaena was used earlier by Proleptodes G.S. Medvedev, 1967: 354 [M]. Type species: Leptodessulcicollis Reitter, 1889, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Leptodes Dejean, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Leptodini.Promethis Pascoe, 1869: 148 [M]. Type species: Upisangulata Erichson, 1842, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Prometopion Casey, 1907: 366, 370 [N]. Type species: Prometopionamplipenne Casey, 1907 , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Chilometopon Horn, 1874 in Pimeliinae: Edrotini. Synonymy: MacLachlan and Olson (1990: 72).Promorphostenophanes Kaszab, 1960b: 277 [M]. Type species: Promorphostenophanesatavus Kaszab, 1960, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Morphostenophanes Pic, 1925 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Promus J.L. LeConte, 1862: 226 [M]. Type species: Blapsopaca Say, 1824, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Eleodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Amphidorini.Propemicrosis Penrith, 1981c: 127, 152 [F]. Type species: Microsistransbechuana Koch, 1958, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini.Prophanes Westwood, 1849: 203 [M]. Type species: Prophanesaculeatus Westwood, 1849, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Alphitobius Stephens, 1829 in Tenebrioninae: Alphitobiini. Synonymy: Prosoblapsia Skopin & Kaszab, 1978: 208 [F]. Type species: Leptocolenaallardiana Reitter, 1889, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Genoblaps Bauer, 1921 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina. Synonymy: new synonym [YB]. Note: Genoblaps Bauer, 1921 has been forgotten in the literature; its type species is currently included in the subgenusProsoblapsia Skopin & Kaszab, 1978 and for that reason Skopin & Kaszab\u2019s name is considered a junior synonym of Genoblaps.Prosodella Reitter, 1909a: 120 [F]. Type species: Prosodesbactriana Semenov, 1894, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina. Note: the First Reviser  is G.S. Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829: 9 [F]. Type species: Blapsattenuata Fischer, 1820 , by subsequent designation ; the word foetida is feminine and therefore Prosodes is feminine also; note, however, that all other genus-group names in this list with the ending \u2013prosodes are masculine.ignation : 846. StProsodestes Reitter, 1909a: 114 [M]. Type species: Prosodesgrandicollis Kraatz, 1883, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Prosodidius Fairmaire, 1903d: 69 [M]. Type species: Prosodidiusperrieri Fairmaire, 1903, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Prosodila Reitter, 1909a: 121 [F]. Type species: Prosodesstrigiventris Reitter, 1893, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina. Synonymy: Prosodinia Reitter, 1909a: 115 [F]. Type species: Prosodescalcarata Reitter, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Prosodopria Reitter, 1909a: 116 [F]. Type species: Blapsangustata Zubkov, 1833, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Prosodoscelis Reitter, 1909a: 117 [F]. Type species: Prosodessolskyi Faust, 1875, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Prosodura Reitter, 1909a: 118 [F]. Type species: Prosodessemenowi Reitter, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina.Prosomenes Blanchard, 1845: 10 [M]. Type species: Diceroderesmexicanus Solier, 1841, by subsequent monotypy , Prosomenes was originally introduced as a synonym of \u201cDic\u00e9rod\u00e8res\u201d by Pros.mexicanus\u201d in association with this name, was the first author to subsequently and expressly include nominal species in Prosomenes .\u2020Prothraustocola Kaszab, 1957: 293 [F]. Type species: Ibnsaudiabelutschistanica Kaszab, 1957, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Thraustocolus Kraatz, 1866 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Protoblaps Bauer, 1921: 230, 231 [F]. Type species: none designated. Status: undetermined taxon in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Blaptina. Note: this genus was described before 1931 .\u2020Prototyrtaeus Spiessberger & Ivie, 2020: 669 [M]. Type species: Prototyrtaeusdarlingtoni Spiessberger & Ivie, 2020, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina.Prunaspila Koch, 1950a: 67 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Aspilabicostata F\u00e5hraeus, 1870, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini. Note: replacement name for Aspila F\u00e5hraeus, 1870.Przewalskia Semenov, 1893: 262 [F]. Type species: Platyopedilatata Reitter, 1887, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Psammestus Reichardt, 1936: 194, 216 [M]. Type species: Ammobiusdilatatus Reitter, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina.Psammetichus Latreille, 1828: 578 [M]. Type species: Psammetichuscostatus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831, by subsequent monotypy  is ignation : 750. StPsectropus Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1911 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Psectrapusbibartitus Solier, 1848, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Psectrapus Solier, 1848 in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina. Note: unjustified emendation of Psectrapus Solier, 1848, not in prevailing usage.Pselaphidion Gebien, 1921b: 29, 229 [N]. Type species: Platydemamacularia Gemminger, 1870, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Amenophis J. Thomson, 1858 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Pseudanaedus Gebien, 1921b: 107, 111 [M]. Type species: Pseudanaedusbiangulatus Gebien, 1921, by subsequent designation .Pseudethas Fairmaire, 1896a: 57 [M]. Type species: Pseudethasquadraticeps Fairmaire, 1896, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina.Pseudethas Fairmaire, 1898c: 477 [M]. Type species: Pseudethaslongiceps Fairmaire, 1898, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Anethas Jakobson, 1924 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina. Note: junior homonym of Pseudethas Fairmaire, 1896 [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina].Pseudeucyrtus Pic, 1916e: 14 [M]. Type species: Pseudeucyrtusniasensis Pic, 1916 , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Promethis Pascoe, 1869 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Setenis Motschulsky, 1872, a junior synonym of Promethis Pascoe, 1869).Pseudoblapida Pic, 1917: 18 [F]. Type species: Blapidaboliviensis Pic, 1912, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Pseudoblaps Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834: 28 [F]. Type species: Pseudoblapssubstriata Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Sobas Pascoe, 1863 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina. Synonymy: Pseudocaedius G.S. Medvedev, 1966: 98 [M]. Type species: Pseudocaediuskiseritzkii G.S. Medvedev, 1966, by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Asiocaedius G.S. Medvedev & Nepesova, 1985 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina. Note: junior homonym of Pseudocaedius Blackburn, 1890 [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina].Pseudocaelophus Pic, 1922d: 28 [M]. Type species: Strongyliumdifforme Pic, 1922, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Leprocaulus Fairmaire, 1896 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Pseudocamaria Bates, 1879a: 287 [F]. Type species: Camariaalternata Fairmaire, 1875, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Pseudocamarimena Pic, 1923e: 21 [F]. Type species: Pseudocamarimenastriata Pic, 1923, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Pigeus Gebien, 1919 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Pseudocasnonidea Borchmann, 1936: 240, 489 [F]. Type species: Pseudocasnonideaceylanica Borchmann, 1936, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Pseudochariotheca Pic, 1934c: 32 [F]. Type species: Pseudochariothecaminutissima Pic, 1934, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Steneucyrtus Fairmaire, 1896 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Pseudochillus Fouqu\u00e8, 2015: 226, 240 [M]. Type species: Indochillusbangaloreanus Kaszab, 1981, by original designation. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina.Pseudochrysomela Pic, 1925a: 7 [F]. Type species: Pseudeumolpusseriatoporus Fairmaire, 1888, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: the older name Pseudochrysomela Voet, 1806 [Coleoptera: Erotylidae] was published in a work that did not include consistent application of binominal nomenclature and is therefore unavailable .ation F. : 33. StaPseudoplatyope Pierre, 1964: 867, 873 [F]. Type species: Storthocnemisantoinei Espa\u00f1ol, 1951, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Pseudopodhomala Schuster, 1938: 88 [F]. Type species: Pseudopodhomalagabrieli Schuster, 1938, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Pseudopodhomalina Kaszab, 1960a: 22 [F]. Type species: Diesiacostifera C.O. Waterhouse, 1889, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Pseudopodhomala Schuster, 1938 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini. Synonymy: Pseudopraeugena De Moor, 1970: 8,40 [F]. Type species: Pseudopraeugenarufa De Moor, 1970, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Praeugenini.Pseudoprobaticus Nabozhenko, 2001b: 513 [M]. Type species: Helopsgranipennis Allard, 1876, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina.Pseudoprosodes Reitter, 1909a: 120 [M]. Type species: Prosodestransfuga Reitter, 1893, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Prosodes Eschscholtz, 1829 in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Prosodina. Synonymy: Pseudopterocoma Skopin, 1974b: 145 [F]. Type species: Pterocomatrapezicollis Skopin, 1974, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Pterocoma Dejean, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Pseudorozonia Bouchard & Bousquet, new subgenus [F]. Type species: Rozoniaconophthalma Koch, 1944, by present designation. Status: valid subgenus of Rozonia Fairmaire, 1888 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Pseudorozonia for three nominal species, but unfortunately did not designate a type species; the subgenusPseudorozonia, which has been treated as valid since 1944, is therefore unavailable , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Trichoplatyscelis Reinig, 1931 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini. Synonymy: Pseudotrichoplatynoscelis and Pseudotrichoplatycelis, used by Pseuduloma Fairmaire, 1893b: 27 [N]. Type species: Pseudulomacribricolle Fairmaire, 1893 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Ulomimus Bates, 1873 in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini. Synonymy: Pseuduroplatopsis Pic, 1913a: 16 [F]. Type species: Borchmanniajavana Pic, 1913, by present designation. Status: valid subgenus of Borchmannia Pic, 1912 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Psilachnopus Reitter, 1901: 161 [M]. Type species: Psilachnopuscribratellus Reitter, 1901, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Philhammus Fairmaire, 1871 in Pimeliinae: Cnemeplatiini: Cnemeplatiina. Synonymy: Psilocastus Ardoin, 1963a: 149 [M]. Type species: Psilocastusletestui Ardoin, 1963, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: Psilocastus was used earlier by Psilolaena Heller, 1923: 70 [F]. Type species: Psilolaenaschusteri Heller, 1923, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Laena Dejean, 1821 in Lagriinae: Laenini. Synonymy: Psilomera Motschulsky, 1870: 400 [F]. Type species: Pelecyphorusangulatus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Stenomorpha Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Asidini. Synonymy: Bousquet in Psilonesogena Bates, 1879a: 305 [F]. Type species: Psilonesogenahybrida Bates, 1879, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Psis Nov\u00e1k, 2019d: 71 [M]. Type species: Psisnanensis Nov\u00e1k, 2019, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Psoroderes Ardoin, 1962b: 969, 1017 [M]. Type species: Psorodeshottentottus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Psorodes Dejean, 1834: 189 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Pimeliadentipes Fabricius, 1787, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: replacement name for Acanthomera Latreille, 1828.Psorophodes Ardoin, 1963a: 83 [F]. Type species: Pimeliaarmata Herbst, 1799, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Note: Psorophodes was used earlier by Psydocamaria Pic, 1923d: 17 [F]. Type species: Psydocamariarobusta Pic, 1923, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Psydomorphus Pic, 1921d: 24 [M]. Type species: Psydomorphusdiversipes Pic, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Psydus Pascoe, 1868: xii [M]. Type species: Psydusplantaris Pascoe, 1868, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Pteraulus Solier, 1848: 152, 200 [M]. Type species: Pteraulussulcatipennis Solier, 1848, by present designation. Status: junior synonym of Helopinus Solier, 1848 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina. Synonymy: Pterelaeus Gemminger in Gemminger and Harold, 1870: 1968 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Pterohelaeuswalkerii Br\u00eame, 1842, by subsequent designation  without a type species designation and is therefore unavailable from that date.Pteroglymmius Gebien, 1928: 219, 223 [M]. Type species: Pteroglymmiuserotyloides Gebien, 1928, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Isaminas Champion, 1887 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Pterohelaeus Br\u00eame, 1842b: 17, 27 [M]. Type species: Pterohelaeuswalkerii Br\u00eame, 1842, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .\u2020Pystelops Gozis, 1910: 103 [M]. Type species: Helopsmeridianus Mulsant, 1854, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Stenomax Allard, 1876 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina.Pythiopus Koch, 1953e: 245 [M]. Type species: Pythiopuscornutipectus Koch, 1953, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Dendarina.Pythonissus Gistel, 1834: 21 [M]. Type species: Helopsmorio Fabricius, 1777 , by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Strongylium W. Kirby, 1819 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Synonymy: Remipedella Semenov-Tjan-Shansky, 1907b: 257 [F]. Type species: Remipedelladeserti Semenov-Tjan-Shansky, 1907, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Remipedellina.Renatiella Koch, 1944b: 155 [F]. Type species: Macropodareticulata Gerstaecker, 1854, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini. Note: the First Reviser  is Renefouqueosis Aalbu, Smith, Kanda & Bouchard, 2017: 314 [F]. Type species: Renefouqueosisperuviensis Aalbu, Smith, Kanda & Bouchard, 2017, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina.Rhacius Champion, 1885: 120 [M]. Type species: Rhaciussulcatulus Champion, 1885, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Rhaibogria Borchmann, 1936: 17, 144 [F]. Type species: Lagriaampla Fairmaire, 1887, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Rhammatodes Haag-Rutenberg, 1876: 83 [M]. Type species: Rhammatodeslongicornis Haag-Rutenberg, 1876, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Note: the First Reviser  is Rhicnodus Fairmaire, 1892f: 87 [M]. Type species: Rhicnodusasper Fairmaire, 1892, by subsequent designation ; this genus was previously considered to be \u201cdefinitely not a tenebrionid\u201d by \u2020Rhipidandrus J.L. LeConte, 1862: 236 [M]. Type species: Xylotinusflabellicornis Sturm, 1826 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini.Rhipidonyx Reitter, 1876b: 304 [M]. Type species: Rhipidonyxadustus Reitter, 1876, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: incertae sedis. Note: taxon originally described in Mycetophagidae, transferred to Tenebrionidae by Rhizalemus Reitter, 1904: 79 [M]. Type species: Dendarusreitteri Seidlitz, 1893, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation . Status: junior synonym of Rhytinota Eschscholtz, 1831 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Note: unjustified emendation of Rhytinota Eschscholtz, 1831 (as \u201cRytinota\u201d), not in prevailing usage.Rhytinopsis Bouchard & Bousquet, new subgenus [F]. Type species: Rhytinotafossulata Kraatz, 1880, by present designation. Status: valid subgenus of Thalpophilodes Strand, 1942, in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Note: Rhytinopsis for several nominal species, but unfortunately did not designate a type species; the subgenusRhytinopsis, which has been treated as valid since 1943, is therefore unavailable  for several nominal species, but unfortunately did not designate a type species; the subgenusRhytistena, which has been treated as valid since 1943, is therefore unavailable  and Rhyssochiton ; the third spelling Ryssochiton was also used in the \u201cIndex for plates\u201d of Volume 15 of the same work ; we act as First Revisers and select the alternative original spelling Rhyssochiton.Sabularius Escalera, 1914: 353 [M]. Type species: Helopsfossor Escalera, 1914, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Sabulophosis Penrith, 1977: 19, 227 [F]. Type species: Zophosisgaerdesi Koch, 1958, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Zophosis Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini.Saccophorella Strand, 1935b: 303 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Saccophoruscrenulatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1872, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Horatoma Solier, 1841 in Pimeliinae: Cryptochilini: Cryptochilina. Note: replacement name for Saccophorus Haag-Rutenberg, 1872.Saccophorus Haag-Rutenberg, 1872: 274, 303 [M]. Type species: Saccophoruscrenulatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1872, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Horatoma Solier, 1841 in Pimeliinae: Cryptochilini: Cryptochilina. Synonymy: Saccophorus Kuhl, 1820 [Mammalia].Sadanaria Ando & Ichiyanagi, 2009: 80 [F]. Type species: Sadanariasakaii Ando & Ichiyanagi, 2009, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Saeculum Kami\u0144ski, Kanda & Smith, 2021: 196 [N]. Type species: Saeculumzoologicum Kami\u0144ski, Kanda & Smith, 2021, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Saerangodes Sturm, 1843: 163 [M]. Type species: Helopsinterpunctatus Germar, 1823, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Strongylium W. Kirby, 1819 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Synonymy: Stenochia W. Kirby, 1819, a synonym of Styrongylium W. Kirby, 1819).Saharoplarion Koch, 1948: 431 [N]. Type species: Microsituscompactus Fairmaire, 1880, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Hoplarion Mulsant & Rey, 1854 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Saitostrongylium Masumoto, 1996a: 34 [N]. Type species: Saitostrongyliumacco Masumoto, 1996, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Sakaiomenimus Ando, 2003b: 135 [M]. Type species: Sakaiomenimustodai Ando, 2003, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Gnathidiina.Salax Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834: 11 [M]. Type species: Salaxlacordairii Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Trilobocarini.Saptine Champion, 1886: 180 [F]. Type species: Saptineovata Champion, 1886, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina.Sarachus Gistel, 1848a: viii [M]. Type species [automatic]: Adesmialongipes Fischer, 1822 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Adesmia Fischer, 1822 in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini. Note: unnecessary replacement name for Adesmia Fischer, 1822.Saragella Carter, 1937: 136 [F]. Type species: Saragellapalpalis Carter, 1937, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Dysarchus Pascoe, 1866 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Heleina. Synonymy: Saragodinus Bates, 1872b: 269 [M]. Type species: Saragodinusduboulayi Bates, 1872, by subsequent designation ; we follow currently accepted concepts , by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .ignation : 42. StaSchelodontes Koch, 1956a: 81 [M]. Type species: Trigonopusimmundus Mulsant & Rey, 1853, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Schevodera Borchmann, 1936: 16, 59 [F]. Type species: Lagriahirticollis Borchmann, 1911, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Schevogria Borchmann, 1936: 20, 164 [F]. Type species: Schevogriamethneri Borchmann, 1936, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Schizaraeus Kulzer, 1955b: 479 [M]. Type species: Schizaraeusacuticosta Kulzer, 1955, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina.Schizillus Horn, 1874: 33 [M]. Type species: Schizilluslaticeps Horn, 1874, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cryptoglossini.Schizillus Wasmann, 1899a: 166 [M]. Type species: Schizillusrogersi Wasmann, 1899, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Pseudethas Fairmaire, 1896 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Dichillina. Synonymy: Schizillus Horn, 1874 [Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae: Cryptoglossini].Schizomma Gebien, 1921a: 325, 392 [N]. Type species: Schizommacucumericola Gebien, 1921, by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Diachoriops Ando, 2020 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: junior homonym of Schizomma Ehrenberg, 1861 [Protista].Schizophthalmotribolium Kaszab, 1940c: 173 [N]. Type species: Schizophthalmotriboliumaustraliae Kaszab, 1940, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Paratoxicum Champion, 1894 in Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini. Synonymy: Schlinkus R. Lucas, 1920: 584 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Cyphonotusdromedarius Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Homocyrtus Dejean, 1834 in Tenebrionidae: incertae sedis. Synonymy: Cyphonotus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831.Schoenicus J.L. LeConte, 1866b: 109 [M]. Type species: Schoenicuspuberulus J.L. LeConte, 1866, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Schoeniphegoneus Freude, 1968: 99 [M]. Type species: Epitragussemicastaneus Curtis, 1845, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Phegoneus Casey, 1907 in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Schusteriella Koch, 1940b: 745, 746 [F]. Type species: Stenosisruficornis Reitter, 1886, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina.Schweinfurthia Andres in Kneucker, 1922: 26 [F]. Type species: Schweinfurthiasinaitica Andres, 1922, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Schyzoschelus Koch, 1954a: 72 [M]. Type species: Schyzoscheluskaszabi Koch, 1954, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Eurynotina.Sciaca Solier, 1835b: 408 [F]. Type species: Hylithusdisctinctus Solier, 1835, by present designation. Status: junior synonym of Hylithus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Edrotini. Synonymy: Sciaca was originally listed as synonym of Hylithus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834; it was treated before 1961 as an available name and adopted as the name of a taxon , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Scutopiloxys Pic, 1924b: 13 [M]. Type species: Scutopiloxysperroti Pic, 1924, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Scymena Pascoe, 1866a: 455 [F]. Type species: Scymenavariabilis Pascoe, 1866, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Heterotarsina.Scythis Schaum in Kraatz, 1865: 80, 102 [F]. Type species: Tentyriamacrocephala Tauscher, 1812, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Crypticus Latreille, 1816 in Diaperinae: Crypticini.Serrania Garrido, 2003: 50 [F]. Type species: Diaperisviridula Zayas, 1988 , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Nesocyrtosoma Marcuzzi, 1976 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Serrichora Koch, 1952b: 15 [F]. Type species: Eurychoracrenata Solier, 1837, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Serridenos Koch, 1956a: 325 [M]. Type species: Zadenossolenopistoma Koch, 1956, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834 in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Setenis Motschulsky, 1872: 24 [M]. Type species: Tenebriovalgus Wiedemann, 1823, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Promethis Pascoe, 1869 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Seydelicistela Pic, 1954: 260 [F]. Type species: Seydelicistelarubrithorax Pic, 1954, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: incertae sedis.Sicharbas Champion, 1884: 67 [M]. Type species: Sicharbaslobatus Champion, 1884, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Pelecyphorus Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Sicinus Champion, 1886: 146 [M]. Type species: Sicinusguatemalensis Champion, 1886, by subsequent designation .ignation : 43. StaSilvestriellum Koch, 1956a: 362 [N]. Type species: Silvestriellumalatum Koch, 1956, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina.Simalura Gebien, 1914d: 71 [F]. Type species: Simalurajacobsoni Gebien, 1914, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Simarus Borchmann, 1909a: 713 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Ismarusgodeffroyi Haag-Rutenberg, 1878, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina. Note: replacement name for Ismarus Haag-Rutenberg, 1878.Similepitragus Freude, 1967: 148, 167 [M]. Type species: Epitragussimilis Steinheil, 1872, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Epitragus Latreille, 1802 in Pimeliinae: Epitragini.Singapura Gebien, 1925f: 325 [F]. Type species: Singapuraquadrihamata Gebien, 1925, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Sinocatomus Nabozhenko, 2006: 852 [M]. Type species: Catomussolitarius Nabozhenko, 2006, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Catomus Allard, 1876 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Sinocistela Zhang, 1989: 145 [F]. Type species: Sinocistelasiphla Zhang, 1989, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Cteniopodini. Note: described from Lower Miocene deposits (China).\u2020Sinoecia Chatanay, 1914a: 220 [F]. Type species: Sinoeciapuncticollis Chatanay, 1914, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Sinomenimus G.S. Medvedev, 2007b: 675 [M]. Type species: Menimuskabaki G.S. Medvedev, 2007, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Menimus Sharp, 1876 in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Gnathidiina.Sinopium Pascoe, 1866a: 487 [N]. Type species: Strongyliumvariabile Walker, 1858, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Camarimena Motschulsky, 1863 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Sinorus Mulsant & Reveli\u00e8re, 1861: 153 [M]. Type species: Sinorusciliaris Mulsant & Reveli\u00e8re, 1861 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina.Sintagona G.S. Medvedev, 1998b: 585 [F]. Type species: Sintagonamiranda G.S. Medvedev, 1998, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Blaptini: Gnaptorinina.Sipirocus Fairmaire, 1896c: 103 [M]. Type species: Sipirocusritsemae Fairmaire, 1896, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Aediatorix Bates, 1868 in Lagriinae: Pycnocerini. Synonymy: Sipolisia Fairmaire, 1889c: xlix [F]. Type species: Sipolisiaserricornis Fairmaire, 1889, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Sitophagus Mulsant, 1854: 264 [M]. Type species: Sitophagussolieri Mulsant, 1854 , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina.Sloanea Carter, 1916: 209 [F]. Type species: Sloaneacostata Carter, 1916, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Asphalina.Smiliophanus Koch, 1950a: 66 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Smiliotussteiroides Haag-Rutenberg, 1875, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini. Note: replacement name for Smiliotus Haag-Rutenberg, 1875.Smiliotus Haag-Rutenberg, 1875b: 4, 52 [M]. Type species: Smiliotussteiroides Haag-Rutenberg, 1875, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Smiliophanus Koch, 1950 in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini. Note: junior homonym of Smiliotus Loew, 1857 [Diptera].Sobas Pascoe, 1863a: 45 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Trigonotarsusaustralis Hope, 1843, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina. Note: replacement name for Trigonotarsus Hope, 1843. Note: moved from the subtribe Ammobiina to Opatrina by Socotralia Nov\u00e1k, 2007: 321 [F]. Type species: Socotraliamajor Nov\u00e1k, 2007, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Socotraphanes Nabozhenko in Nabozhenko and Purchart, 2019: 150 [M]. Type species: Socotraphaneskrali Nabozhenko, 2019, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina.Socotropatrum Koch, 1970: 109 [N]. Type species: Opatrumcostiferum C.O. Waterhouse, 1881, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Opatrina.Soemias Champion, 1884: 4 [F]. Type species: Soemiasminuta Champion, 1884, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Edrotini.Solenomerus F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 306 [M]. Type species: Solenomeruslongipes F\u00e5hraeus, 1870, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Micrantereus Solier, 1848 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina. Synonymy: Solskyia Solsky, 1881: 48 [F]. Type species: Solskyiaperegrina Solsky, 1881, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Akidini.Somaladesmia Koch, 1944b: 147 [F]. Type species: Adesmiaconsimilis Gahan, 1896, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Adesmia Fischer, 1822 in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini.Somalammodes Koch, 1943a: 500, 510 [M]. Type species: Somalammodesdelaruei Koch, 1943, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.Somalarabes Koch, 1953f: 155 [M]. Type species: Psammodesgracilentus Fairmaire, 1882, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Psammophanes Lesne, 1922 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina.Somaticus Hope, 1841: 117 [M]. Type species: Sepidiumrugosum Fabricius, 1781, by original designation. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina. Note: Somaticus, introduced by Somaticum in prevailing usage and attributed to the publication of the original spelling; we follow Somaticus as the correct original spelling  is Somocoelia Heyden & Kraatz, 1882: 331 [F]. Type species: Somocoeliapinguis Heyden & Kraatz, 1882, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini.Somocoeloplatys Skopin, 1968a: 82 [M]. Type species: Platynoscelisboroldaica Skopin, 1965, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini.Sophrobates Fairmaire, 1889c: xxxvi [M]. Type species: Sophrobatesarcadii Fairmaire, 1889, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Sora Walker, 1859: 259 [F]. Type species: Soramarginata Walker, 1859, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Soradeus Rafinesque, 1815: 114 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Heleaperforata Latreille, 1816, by subsequent monotypy .monotypy b: 261. SSpathulipezus Gebien, 1921a: 398, 458 [M]. Type species: Spathulipezusmiritaris Gebien, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Spectrocnera Kwieton, 1981: 402 [F]. Type species: Spectrocneraanguliceps Kwieton, 1981, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Spelaebiosis Bousquet & Bouchard in Orghidaniatorrei Ardoin, 1977, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Triboliini. Note: replacement name for Ardoinia \u00d6zdikmen, 2005.Sphaeriontis Casey, 1908: 56, 75 [F]. Type species: Eusattusmuricatus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Eusattus J.L. LeConte, 1851 in Pimeliinae: Coniontini. Synonymy: Sphaerocaulus Fairmaire, 1869b: 235 [M]. Type species: Sphaerocaulusgraniger Fairmaire, 1869, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Sphaerognathium Dajoz, 1975a: 112 [N]. Type species: Sphaerognathiumglobosum Dajoz, 1975, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina.Sphaeromatris Fairmaire, 1899e: 535 [F]. Type species: Sphaeromatrisaurovittata Fairmaire, 1899, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Sphaerostibes Koch, 1963: 64 [M]. Type species: Sphaerostibessabulicola Koch, 1963, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Stizopodina. Note: combined description of a new genus and a single new species , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Nyctozoilus Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy: Sphenolampidius Kaszab, 1941a: 4, 40 [M]. Type species: Sphenolampidiushemisphaericus Kaszab, 1941, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Sphenosdara Kaszab, 1941a: 2, 28 [F]. Type species: Sphenosdarasachtlebeni Kaszab, 1941, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Sphenosoma Dejean, 1834: 212 [N]. Type species [automatic]: Acropteronrufipes Perty, 1832, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Scaphidemini.Spinadaenus Pic, 1921d: 18 [M]. Type species: Spinadaenussingularis Pic, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Goniaderini.Spinamarygmus Pic, 1915d: 7 [M]. Type species: Spinamarygmusindicus Pic, 1915, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Plesiophthalmus Motschulsky, 1857 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Spinanemia L\u00f6bl, Bouchard, Merkl & Bousquet, 2020: 2 [F]. Type species: Anemiacornuta Pic, 1898, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Cheirodes Gen\u00e9, 1839 in Tenebrioninae: Melanimonini. Note: subgenus first proposed by Spinecula Nov\u00e1k, 2019c: 437 [F]. Type species: Spineculahouaphanica Nov\u00e1k, 2019, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Spinepicalla Pic, 1921d: 21 [F]. Type species: Spinepicallaarmata Pic, 1921, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Spinoderosphaerus Pic, 1922d: 26 [M]. Type species: Spinoderosphaerusbrevicornis Pic, 1922, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: the First Reviser  is Spinodietysus Pic, 1927b: 21 [M]. Type species: Cyriogetonconvexipennis Pic, 1927, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Spinogauromaia Pic, 1922a: 23 [F]. Type species: Spinogauromaiarufescens Pic, 1922 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Spinoderosphaerus Pic, 1922 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Spinolagriella Pic, 1955: 183 [F]. Type species: Spinolagriellaminutissima Pic, 1955, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lupropini.Spinolyprops Pic, 1917d: 12 [M]. Type species: Spinolypropsrufithorax Pic, 1917, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lupropini.Spinoodescelis Kaszab, 1940b: 938, 966 [F]. Type species: Platyscelissomocoeloides Seidlitz, 1893, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Oodescelis Motschulsky, 1845 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini.Spinophrynus Koch, 1951: 90 [M]. Type species: Phrynocolusspinipennis Gebien, 1910, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Phrynocolus Lacordaire, 1859 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina.Spinorhacus Kaszab, 1969a: 262 [M]. Type species: Spinorhacusbaloghi Kaszab, 1969, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Spinolagriella Pic, 1955 in Lagriinae: Lupropini. Synonymy: Spinosdara Bouchard & Bousquet, new subgenus [F]. Type species: Osdarabiroi Kaszab, 1939, by present designation. Status: valid subgenus of Osdara Walker, 1858 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: Spinosdara for three nominal species, but unfortunately did not designate a type species; the subgenusSpinosdara, which has been treated as valid since 1941, is therefore unavailable  [M]. Type species: Stemmoderussingularis Spinola, 1842, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Stenadelium Watt, 1992: 32 [N]. Type species: Stenadeliumstriatum Watt, 1992, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Stene Stephens, 1829: 19 [F]. Type species: fixed herein . Note: the type species \u201cTenebrioferrugineus Fabricius\u201d was first established by monotypy; as noted by C.O. Tenebrioferrugineus Fabricius of authors, including ferruginea, Oliv.\u201d), was misidentified; Colydiumcastaneum Herbst, 1797; we follow currently accepted concepts . Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini.Stenocephalus Agassiz, 1846b: 71, 351 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Cephalostenusdejeanii Solier, 1838 , by subsequent designation  are ignation : 423. StStenolagria Merkl, 1987: 124, 157 [F]. Type species: Stenolagriamatthewsi Merkl, 1987, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Stenolamus Gebien, 1920: 107 [M]. Type species: Stenolamussulciceps Gebien, 1920, by subsequent designation , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Helopelius Reitter, 1922 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Helopina. Synonymy: Stenomax Allard, 1876a: 4 [M]. Type species: Tenebriolanipes Linnaeus, 1771 , by subsequent designation . Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Stenopalorus Blair, 1930: 135 [M]. Type species: Palorushypophloeoides Blair, 1930, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Palorus Mulsant, 1854 in Tenebrioninae: Palorini. Synonymy: Stenophanes Solsky, 1876: 294 [M]. Type species: Hedyphanesmesostenus Solsky, 1871, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Stenophloeus Blair, 1921: 1 [M]. Type species: Hypophlaeusfilum Fairmaire, 1893, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Stenosides Solier, 1836: 406, 484 [M]. Type species: Stenosidesgraciliformis Solier, 1836, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Pelecyphorus Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Stenosidops Koch, 1940b: 733 [M]. Type species: Tageniasabulosa Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1849, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Stenosis Herbst, 1799 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina.Stenosis Herbst, 1799: 160 [F]. Type species: fixed herein  was selected by Pimeliaangustata Fabricius of Tageniaintermedia Solier, 1838; we follow currently accepted concepts , by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Sternomaia Kulzer, 1952: 731 [F]. Type species: Sternomaiacoeruleovirens Kulzer, 1952, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Sternoplax Frivaldszky, 1890: 207 [F]. Type species: Trigonoscelisszechenyii Frivaldszky, 1890, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Sternotrigon Skopin, 1973: 109, 110 [M]. Type species: Trigonoscelissetosa Bates, 1879, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Stethasida Casey, 1912: 78, 203 [F]. Type species: Pelecyphorusmuricatulus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Stenomorpha Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Stethotrypes Gebien, 1914c: 26 [M]. Type species: Stethotrypesbicornutus Gebien, 1914, by subsequent designation , not in prevailing usage; we act as First Revisers and treat Stira Agassiz, 1846 [Coleoptera] as a junior homonym of Stira Agassiz, 1846 [Mollusca].Stizopus Erichson, 1843: 245 [M]. Type species: Stizopuslaticollis Erichson, 1843, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Stizopodina.Stomion G.R. Waterhouse, 1845a: 27 [N]. Type species: Stomiongalapagoense G.R. Waterhouse, 1845, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Strongylium W. Kirby, 1819 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Synonymy: Strongylium W. Kirby, 1819a: 417 [N]. Type species: Strongyliumchalconatum W. Kirby, 1819, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Note: nomen protectum  is Strongylium W. Kirby, 1819, i.e., the recently described Afrostrongylium Robiche, 2019 and the nominotypical subgenus; however, much taxonomic research is needed to evaluate the possible validity of the many synonyms of the subgenusStrongylium W. Kirby, 1819.ctum see : 501; thStrophia Robiche, 2004b: 130 [F]. Type species: Oncosomaertli Gebien, 1910, by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Strophiamixa Robiche, 2005 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina. Note: junior homonym of Strophia Meigen, 1832 [Lepidoptera] and Strophia Albers, 1850 [Mollusca].Strophiamixa Robiche, 2005: 358 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Oncosomaertli Gebien, 1910, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Amatodes Dejean, 1834 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Helopinina. Note: replacement name for Strophia Robiche, 2004.Stygohelops Leo & Liberto, 2003: 299 [M]. Type species: Probaticuskalavriticus Schawaller, 2001, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina.Styphacus Fairmaire, 1901a: 71 [M]. Type species: Styphacusdecorsii Fairmaire, 1901, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Praeugena Laporte, 1840 in Tenebrioninae: Praeugenini. Synonymy: Tadzhikistania Bogatchev, 1960b: 35 [F]. Type species: Tadzhikistaniamystacea Bogatchev, 1960, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Pimeliini.Taenobates Motschulsky, 1872: 25 [M]. Type species: Tenebriosaperdoides G.-A. Olivier, 1795, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Xylopinus J.L. LeConte, 1862 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: C.O. Taeniobates, used by Tagalinus Kaszab, 1977a: 301, 333 [M]. Type species: Ulomalifuanum Montrouzier, 1860, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Phrenapatinae: Penetini.Tagalopsis Kaszab, 1955a: 471, 475 [F]. Type species: Tagalopsisszekessyi Kaszab, 1955, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Phrenapatinae: Penetini.Tagalus Gebien, 1914b: 388 [M]. Type species: Tagalusimpressicollis Gebien, 1914, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Ulomoides Blackburn, 1888 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Martianus Fairmaire, 1893, a junior synonym of Ulomoides Blackburn, 1888).Tenebrionellus Crotch, 1874: 105 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Tenebriomolitor Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Asyleptus P\u00e9ringuey, 1896 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Tessaromma Boheman, 1858: 91 [N]. Type species: Tessarommalugubre Boheman, 1858, by subsequent designation , Tessaromma Newman, 1840 [Coleoptera: Cerambycidae].ignation : 170. StTetragonomecus Rye, 1880: 87 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Tetragonomenessemiviridis Chevrolat, 1878, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Tetragonomenes Chevrolat, 1878 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Note: unjustified emendation for Tetragonomenes Chevrolat, 1878, not in prevailing usage.Tetragonomenes Chevrolat, 1878b: clii [M]. Type species: Tetragonomenessemiviridis Chevrolat, 1878, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Tetranillus Wasmann, 1899a: 167 [M]. Type species: Tetranilluscostatus Wasmann, 1899, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina.Tetranosis G.S. Medvedev, 1995a: 858 [F]. Type species: Tetranosisclypeoloba Koch, 1940, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Microtelopsis Koch, 1940 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina. Note: as pointed out by Tetranosis as well as fixing a type species for the genus, thereby making the name nomenclaturally available for the first time; we hereby act as First Revisers and select Microtelopsis Koch, 1940 as the valid name of the genus based on the Principle of Priority ; we recommend that an application be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to maintain the type species designation proposed by ignation : 64. StaTetrethas Koch, 1962a: 23, 145 [M]. Type species: Anethasxylophilus Koch, 1962, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Anethas Jakobson, 1924 in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Stenosina.Tetromma Dejean, 1834: 183 [N]. Type species: Upisunicolor Herbst, 1797, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .ation F. : 33. StaTracheloeum Hope, 1841: 116 [N]. Type species: Tracheloeumlaticolle Hope, 1841, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Somaticus Hope, 1841 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina. Note: combined description of a new genus and a single new species  to the tribe Trachelostenini (within the tenebrionid subfamily Tenebrioninae) by Trachyderes Koch, 1955a: 112 [M]. Type species: Trachynotusbipunctatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Somaticus Hope, 1841 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina.Trachyderma Latreille, 1828: 576 [N]. Type species: Pimeliahispida Fabricius, 1775 , by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation ) and Trichochianalus  were used in the original publication; Trichochianalus only and therefore acted as the First Reviser , by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Pseudeleodes Blaisdell, 1909 in Blaptinae: Amphidorini. Synonymy: Tricholeipopleura Kaszab, 1940a: 152, 223 [F]. Type species: Platynoscelislucidicollis Kraatz, 1882, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Bioramix Bates, 1879 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini. Note: the spellings Tricholeipopleura ) and Tricholeipoleura (pp. 152) were used in the original publication; Tricholeipopleura only and therefore acted as the First Reviser , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Gnesis Pascoe, 1866 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Tropidopterus Cazurro Ruiz, 1897b: 637 [M]. Type species: Tropidopteruscarinatus Cazurro Ruiz, 1897, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Adelium W. Kirby, 1819 in Lagriinae: Adeliini. Synonymy: Tropidopterus, was used subsequently  but was not made available to our knowledge until Tropidopterus Cazurro Ruiz, 1897 as a junior synonym of Adelium W. Kirby, 1819.Tropitrachys Koch, 1955a: 229 [M]. Type species: Trachynotusperegrinator Koch, 1953, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Somaticus Hope, 1841 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina.Truncatocamaria Pic, 1922b: 27 [F]. Type species: Camariaspinipes Pic, 1917 (as \u201cCamariaspinifer\u201d), by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Camaria Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828 in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini. Synonymy: Truncatoodescelis Kaszab, 1940b: 942, 962 [F]. Type species: Platyscelislongicollis Kraatz, 1884, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Oodescelis Motschulsky, 1845 in Blaptinae: Platyscelidini.Tuberocnodes \u200bGearner & Kami\u0144ski in Psammodeshumeralis \u200bHaag-Rutenberg, 1871, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Molurina.Tucumana Gebien, 1911b: 604 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Eusteniatenuimembris Fairmaire, 1905, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Xystropodina. Note: replacement name for Eustenia Fairmaire, 1905; placed in Alleculinae by Turcmenicola Bogatchev, 1952: 44 [M]. Type species: Turcmenicolajachontovi Bogatchev, 1952, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Colposcelis Dejean, 1834 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini.Turkmenohelops G.S. Medvedev, 1987: 98, 102 [M]. Type species: Zophohelopsbalchanicus G.S. Medvedev & Nepesova, 1985, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina.Turkonalassus Keskin, Nabozhenko & Alpagut-Keskin, 2017: 727 [M]. Type species: Helopsadimonius Allard, 1876, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina.Tydeolus Champion, 1884: 37 [M]. Type species: Tydeolusatratus Champion, 1884, by subsequent designation , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Pachycoelia Boisduval, 1835 in Tenebrioninae: Heleini: Cyphaleina. Synonymy: Lepispilus Westwood, 1841, a junior synonym of Pachycoelia Boisduval, 1835).Tynteria Reitter, 1897a: 301 [F]. Type species: Pachychilahumerosa Fairmaire, 1875, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Oterophloeus Desbrochers des Loges, 1881 in Pimeliinae: Tentyriini. Synonymy: Tynthlobia Fairmaire, 1888d: 261 [F]. Type species: Tynthlobiaquadricostata Fairmaire, 1888, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Ethmus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873 in Pimeliinae: Sepidiini: Trachynotina. Synonymy: Typhlophloeus Jeannel & Paulian, 1945: 51 [M]. Type species: Typhlophloeuschappuisi Jeannel & Paulian, 1945, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Hypophlaeini.Typhluloma Lea, 1912: 475 [N]. Type species: Typhlulomainops Lea, 1912, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini.Typhlusechus Linell, 1897: 154 [M]. Type species: Typhlusechussingularis Linell, 1897, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Stenosini: Typhlusechina.Typhobia Pascoe, 1869: 279 [F]. Type species: Typhobiafuliginea Pascoe, 1869, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Platydema Laporte & Brull\u00e9, 1831 in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina. Synonymy: Tyrtaeus Champion, 1913: 76 [M]. Type species: Tyrtaeusrufus Champion, 1913, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina.Ubangia Gebien, 1914e: 54 [F]. Type species: Ubangialatifrons Gebien, 1914, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Crypsinous Fairmaire, 1891 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini. Synonymy: Ucalegon Champion, 1884: 65 [M]. Type species: Ucalegonpulchellus Champion, 1884, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Pelecyphorus Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Asidini.Udebra Reitter, 1896a: 236 [F]. Type species: Udebrahauseri Reitter, 1896 , by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Adavius Mulsant & Rey, 1859 in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Ammobiina. Synonymy: Uenomisolampidius Masumoto, 1996a: 36 [M]. Type species: Ueonomisolampidiusshunichii Masumoto, 1996, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Uenostrongylium Masumoto, 1999a: 123 [N]. Type species: Cryptobateslaosensis Pic, 1928, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini.Uleda Laporte, 1840: 220 [F]. Type species: Ulomadiaperoides Laporte, 1840, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Ulomini.Uloma Dejean, 1821: 67 [N]. Type species: Tenebrioculinaris Linnaeus, 1758, by plenary powers  and the gender is neuter instead of the previously accepted feminine gender , by subsequent designation .ignation : 786. StUlus Horn, 1870: 349, 358 [M]. Type species: Blapstinuscrassus J.L. LeConte, 1851, by subsequent designation , by subsequent designation .Vabole Alekseev & Nabozhenko, 2015: 128 [F]. Type species: Vaboletriplehorni Alekseev & Nabozhenko, 2015, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Palorini. Note: described from Eocene Baltic amber.\u2020Vacronus Casey, 1907: 501, 508 [M]. Type species: Vacronustenuicornis Casey, 1907, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Alaephus Horn, 1870 in Pimeliinae: Vacronini. Synonymy: Vadalus Mulsant & Rey, 1853b: 150 [M]. Type species: Pedinuspunctulatus Mulsant & Rey, 1853, by monotypy. Status: junior synonym of Pedinus Latreille, 1797 in Blaptinae: Pedinini: Pedinina. Synonymy: Gemminger in Valdivium Matthews, 1998: 709, 721 [N]. Type species: Adeliumsulcatulum Fairmaire & Germain, 1860, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Vaniosus Kulzer, 1956b: 896 [M]. Type species: Vaniosusparadoxus Kulzer, 1956, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Evaniosomini.Vansonium Koch, 1950b: 354 [N]. Type species: Vansoniumbushmanicum Koch, 1950, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Pimeliinae: Cryptochilini: Vansoniina.Varogeton Bremer, 2014a: 37, 80 [M]. Type species: Dietysussubannulipes Pic, 1923, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Amarygmus Dalman, 1823 in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Vernayella Koch, 1958: 129 [F]. Type species: Vernayellanoctivaga Koch, 1958, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Caenocrypticus Gebien, 1920 in Pimeliinae: Caenocrypticini.Vieta Laporte, 1840: 196 [F]. Type species: Sepidium vestitum Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1831, by subsequent designation  Borchmann, 1911, by original designation. Status: senior synonym of Xenocerogria Merkl, 2007 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina. Note: junior homonym of Xenocera Broun, 1881 [Coleoptera: Ptinidae].Xenocerogria Merkl, 2007: 269 [F]. Type species [automatic]: Lagriocerafeai (as \u201cfeae\u201d) Borchmann, 1911, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina. Note: replacement name for Xenocera Borchmann, 1936.Xenogena Borchmann, 1936: 22, 211 [F]. Type species: Adynatacrinita Borchmann, 1915, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Xenogloeus Wollaston, 1861: 251 [M]. Type species: Xenogloeuspolitus Wollaston, 1861, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Triboliini.Xenolagria Merkl, 1987: 124, 126 [F]. Type species: Lagriatincta Blackburn, 1889, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina.Xenostethus Bates, 1868: 321 [M]. Type species: Xenostethuslacordairii Bates, 1868, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Xenostira Borchmann, 1921: 217, 221 [F]. Type species: Xenostiragiraffa Borchmann, 1921, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Statira Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828 in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina.Xenotermes Wasmann, 1896: 616 [M]. Type species: Xenotermesfeai (as \u201cfeae\u201d) Wasmann, 1896, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Rhysopaussini.Xenus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 255 [M]. Type species: Xenustricorniger P\u00e9ringuey, 1899, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Aphrotus P\u00e9ringuey, 1904 in Pimeliinae: Epitragini. Note: junior homonym of Xenus Kaup, 1829 [Aves].Xerolinus Ivie & Hart, 2016: 470 [M]. Type species: Diastolinussallei Mulsant & Rey, 1859, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Opatrini: Blapstinina.Xyloborus Motschulsky, 1858a: 64 [M]. Type species: Xyloboruscrenipennis Motschulsky, 1858, by monotypy. Status: senior synonym of Rhipidandrus J.L. LeConte, 1862 in Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini. Synonymy: Xyloborus was made available for the first time by Motschulsky (1858: 64) there are few occurrences of this name in the literature; reversal of precedence cannot be used to conserve usage of the broadly used name Rhipidandrus J.L. LeConte, 1862 since Xyloborus was used as valid after 1899 ; an application to the ICZN is necessary to conserve usage Rhipidandrus J.L. LeConte, 1862; the older names Xyloborus Kirby & Spence, 1828 and Xyloborus Dejean, 1834 [Coleoptera] are unavailable because they were published before 1931 without a description, a definition or an indication , by subsequent designation ; however, the older available genus name Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834 has priority and therefore Zadenos is downgraded to a valid subgenus of Dejean\u2019s name; new status.Zaleucus Champion, 1892: 491 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Zamolxisdilatatus Champion, 1884, by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Pelecyphorus Solier, 1836 in Pimeliinae: Asidini. Note: replacement name for Zamolxis Champion, 1884.Zambesmia Bouchard & Bousquet, new subgenus [F]. Type species: Macropodachiyakensis Kuntzen, 1916, by present designation. Status: valid subgenus of Adesmia Fischer, 1822 in Pimeliinae: Adesmiini. Note: Zambesmia for three nominal species, but unfortunately did not designate a type species; the subgenusZambesmia, which has been treated as valid since 1944, is therefore unavailable , by monotypy. Status: valid subgenus of Adelostoma Duponchel, 1827 in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini.Zeadelium Watt, 1992: 32 [N]. Type species: Adeliumlentum Broun, 1880, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Lagriinae: Adeliini.Ziaelas Fairmaire, 1892e: cx [M]. Type species: Ziaelasinsolitus Fairmaire, 1892, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini.Zidalus Mulsant & Rey, 1853b: 71 [M]. Type species: Opatrinuscorvinus Mulsant & Rey, 1853, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Zizu Nov\u00e1k, 2019b: 186 [M]. Type species: Zizukejvali Nov\u00e1k, 2019, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina.Zodinus Mulsant & Rey, 1853b: 90 [M]. Type species: Opatrinusservus Mulsant & Rey, 1853, by subsequent designation  is ignation : 93. StaZolodinus Blanchard, 1853: 159 [M]. Type species: Zolodinuszelandicus Blanchard, 1853, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Zolodininae.Zomedes Watt, 1992: 25 [M]. Type species: Zomedesborealis Watt, 1992, by original designation. Status: valid genus in Alleculinae: Alleculini: incertae sedis.Zophius Dejean, 1834: 189 [M]. Type species: Helopsrufopictus Wiedemann, 1823, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Zophobas Dejean, 1834: 204 [M]. Type species: Helopsmorio Fabricius, 1777 , by subsequent designation (Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini. Note: according to Tenebrioninae.ignation : 26. StaZophodes F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 298 [M]. Type species: Zophodestristis F\u00e5hraeus, 1870, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Platynotini: Platynotina.Zophohelops Reitter, 1902a: 221 [M]. Type species [automatic]: Euryhelopstiro Reitter, 1902, by subsequent designation (Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina. Note: replacement name for Euryhelops Reitter, 1902.ignation : 424. StZophondrus Nabozhenko, 2014: 240 [M]. Type species: Zophohelopsiranensis Nabozhenko, 2014, by original designation. Status: valid subgenus of Zophohelops Reitter, 1902 in Tenebrioninae: Helopini: Cylindrinotina.Zophophilus Fairmaire, 1881b: 359 [M]. Type species: Zophophiluscurticornis Fairmaire, 1881, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini.Zophoserodius Reitter, 1914a: 58, 60 [M]. Type species: Erodiuszophosoides Allard, 1865, by subsequent designation (Erodius Fabricius, 1775 in Pimeliinae: Erodiini.ignation : 43. StaZophosis Latreille, 1802: 167 [F]. Type species: Erodiustestudinarius Fabricius, 1781, by monotypy. Status: valid genus and subgenus in Pimeliinae: Zophosini.Zophosodactylus Koch, 1962b: 146 [M]. Type species: Protodactylussanctaemariae Koch, 1962, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Protodactylus Koch, 1952 in Pimeliinae: Zophosini. Synonymy: Zoutpansbergia Koch, 1956a: 388 [F]. Type species: Zoutpansbergiaserricostata Koch, 1956, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Blaptinae: Dendarini: Melambiina. Note: combined description of new genus-group taxon and new species (Zuercheria Reitter, 1908: 134 [F]. Type species: Zuercheriamatthiesseni Reitter, 1908, by subsequent designation (Strongylium W. Kirby, 1819 in Stenochiinae: Stenochiini. Synonymy: ignation : 43. StaZygas Pascoe, 1866a: 487 [M]. Type species: Eurychoracimicoides Quensel, 1806, by original designation. Status: junior synonym of Lycanthropa J. Thomson, 1860 in Pimeliinae: Adelostomini. Synonymy: Zypoetes Champion, 1893a: 532 [M]. Type species: Zypoetesepieroides Champion, 1893, by monotypy. Status: valid genus in Phrenapatinae: Penetini."}
{"text": "Following publication of the original article , it was Algaralleh A, Altwalbeh D, Al-Tarawneh F. Health-related quality of life among persons living with HIV/AIDS in Jordan: an exploratory study. HIV/AIDS . 2020;12:897.The correct reference 2 should be:The original paper has been updated."}
{"text": "Sanghuangporus. In practice, species of Sanghuangporus referred to in medicinal studies and industry are now differentiated mainly by a BLAST search of GenBank with the ITS barcoding region as a query. However, inappropriately labeled ITS sequences of \u201cSanghuang\u201d in GenBank restrict accurate species identification and, to some extent, the utilization of these species as medicinal resources. We examined all available 271 ITS sequences related to \u201cSanghuang\u201d in GenBank including 31 newly submitted sequences from this study. Of these sequences, more than half were mislabeled so we have now corrected the corresponding species names. The mislabeled sequences mainly came from strains utilized by non-taxonomists. Based on the analyses of ITS sequences submitted by taxonomists as well as morphological characters, we separate the newly described Sanghuangporus subbaumii from S. baumii and treat S. toxicodendri as a later synonym of S. quercicola. Fourteen species of Sanghuangporus are accepted, with intraspecific distances up to 1.30%  and interspecific distances above 1.30% . To stabilize the concept of these 14 species of Sanghuangporus, their taxonomic information and reliable ITS reference sequences are provided. Moreover, ten potential diagnostic sequences are provided for Hyperbranched Rolling Circle Amplification to rapidly confirm three common commercial species, viz. S. baumii, S. sanghuang, and S. vaninii. Our results provide a practical method for ITS barcoding-based species identification of Sanghuangporus and will promote medicinal studies and commercial development from taxonomically correct material.\u201cSanghuang\u201d refers to a group of important traditionally-used medicinal mushrooms belonging to the genus The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43008-021-00059-x. Many macrofungi are established in traditional medicine and possess diverse properties  using the ITS barcoding region as the query. However, even though each of the 14 species of Sanghuangporus has a reliable ITS sequence accession number .As stated by Zhou , the useThe newly sequenced specimens and strains are deposited in HMAS, IFP and BJFC. The specimens were observed with an Olympus BX43 light microscope  at magnifications up to 1000\u00d7. Microscopic procedure followed Zhou et al. . SpecimeA small piece of the basidiome or culture was taken for DNA extraction, which was performed using a CTAB rapid plant genome extraction kit-DN14 . The crude DNA was used as templates for the PCR amplifications of the ITS region. The primer pairs ITS1F/ITS4 and ITS5/ITS4 . jModelTest (Guindon and Gascuel http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/tracer/) was used to judge the convergence of the chains.Two datasets of ITS sequences were assembled, one consisting of all sequences recovered from searches of GenBank and newly generated sequences, and the other consisting of the subset of sequences originating from material identified by taxonomists. The datasets were separately aligned using MAFFT 7.110 (Katoh and Standley https://mptp.h-its.org/#/tree) with no outgroup taxon.Molecular species delimitation was estimated using multi-rate Poisson Tree Processes (mPTP) method  showed unexpectedly large differences from other sequences of Sanghuangporus by BLAST search, and thus were considered not to belong to the genus and were excluded from subsequent phylogenetic analyses  of all parameters above 500 and the potential scale reduction factors (PSRFs) close to 1.000. The ML and BI algorithms generated nearly congruent topologies in the main lineages  nesting within a single clade  had distances above the maximum within species distance of 2.68%  are provided below. Regarding S. baumii, S. lonicericola, S. lonicerinus, S. microcystideus, S. pilatii, S. vaninii, and S. weirianus, their holotypes were too old (50\u2009years old or more) and so were unlikely to be successfully sequenced. Moreover, certain institutions did not make holotypes available for sequencing. Therefore, we use ITS sequences from other reference collections as reliable ITS sequences for those species.Based on an integrative taxonomic approach, 14 species of S. baumii, S. sanghuang and S. vaninii, the most common species in medicinal studies and products  L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity77: 340 (2016).Basionym: Inonotus alpinus Y.C. Dai & X.M. Tian, Fungal Diversity58: 162 (2013).Type: China:Tibet: Linzhi County, Lulang, on living angiosperm tree, 24 Sept. 2010, B.K. Cui, Cui 9658 (BJFC \u2013 holotype).ITS barcoding sequence: JQ860310 (from holotype).Sanghuangporus baumii (Pil\u00e1t) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity77: 340 (2016).Basionym: Phellinus baumii Pil\u00e1t, Bull. trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr.48: 25 (1932).Synonym: Inonotus baumii (Pil\u00e1t) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., Mycologia94: 1009 (2002).Type: Russia:Primorsky Krai: Vladivostok, on trunk of Syringae, 5 June 1928, M.K. Ziling 267 (PRM 189012 \u2013 holotype).Reference collection: China:Heilongjiang: Yichun, Fenglin nature reserve, on living trunk of Syringa, 8 Sept. 2002, Y.C. Dai, Dai 3683 (IFP)ITS barcoding sequence: JN642567 : 2 (2015).Type: Iran: East Azerbaijan: Khoda-Afarin, Kalaleh-Eslami, Darana, deciduous forest with Quercus macranthera, Lonicera, Cornus mas, and Crataegus, on stem of living Lonicera caucasica, 10 May 2008, M. Ghobad-Nejhad, Ghobad-Nejhad 1152 (ICH \u2013 holotype).ITS barcoding sequence: KR073081 (from holotype).Sanghuangporus lonicericola (Parmasto) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity77: 340 (2016).Basionym: Phellinus lonicericola Parmasto, Folia cryptog. Estonica38: 59 (2001).Synonym: Inonotus lonicericola (Parmasto) Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity45: 276 (2010).Type: Russia:Primorsky Krai: Lazovsky Nature Reserve, Petrov island, on trunk of Lonicera ruprechtiana in Taxus mixed forest, 2 Sept. 1961, E. Parmasto (TAA-M 013933 \u2013 holotype).Reference collection: China:Heilongjiang: Ningan County, Jingpohu National Scenic Area, on living trunk of Lonicera, 8 Sept. 2007, Y.C. Dai, Dai 8376 (IFP)ITS barcoding sequence: JQ860308  Sheng H. Wu et al., Fungal Diversity77: 340 (2016).Basionym: Fomes lonicerinus Bondartsev, Acta Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. USSR Plant. Crypt., Ser. II: no. 500 (1935).Synonyms: Phellinus lonicerinus (Bondartsev) Bondartsev & Singer, Annls mycol.39: 56 (1941).Cryptoderma lonicerinum (Bondartsev) Imazeki, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus.6: 107 (1943).Porodaedalea lonicerina (Bondartsev) Imazeki, Col. Ill. Mushrooms Japan, 2: 191 (1989).Inonotus lonicerinus (Bondartsev) Sheng H. Wu et al., Bot. Studies (Taipei)53: 140 (2012).Type: Uzbekistan:Samarkand: Sarymat, on trunk of Lonicera tatarica, 1926, E. Czerniakowsk ITS barcoding sequence: JN642575  L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity77: 340 (2016).Basionym: Phellinus microcystideus Har. & Pat., Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris15: 90 (1909).Synonym: Fomes microcystideus (Har. & Pat.) Sacc. & Trotter, Syll. Fung.21: 286 (1912).Type:Congo:Moyen Oubangui: Grande For\u00eat, M.A. Chevalier\u00a011431\u00a0(FH \u2013 holotype).Reference collection: Tanzania:Arusha: Arusha National Park, Mount Meru, on trunk of Olea africana, 18 Feb. 1976, R. Harjula (O 915609)ITS barcoding sequence: KP030787  Tom\u0161ovsk\u00fd, Phytotaxa239: 84 (2015).Basionym: Phellinus pilatii \u010cern\u00fd, \u010cesk\u00e1 Mykol.22(1): 2 (1968).Synonym: Porodaedalea pilatii (\u010cern\u00fd) Fiasson & Niemel\u00e4, Karstenia24(1): 26 (1984).Type:Czech Republic:B\u0159eclav: Tvrdonice, 8 Oct. 1955, A. \u010cern\u00fd (PRM 628393 \u2013 holotype).Reference collection: Czech Republic:B\u0159eclav: Nov\u00e9 Ml\u00fdny, K\u0159iv\u00e9 jezero National Nature Reserve, on Populus alba, 22 Oct. 2011, M. Tom\u0161ovsk\u00fd 41/2011 (BRNM 771989)ITS barcoding sequence: KT428764 .Synonym: Sanghuangporus toxicodendri Sheng H. Wu et al., MycoKeys57: 106 (2019).Type:China:Henan: Neixiang County, Baotianman Nature Reserve, on dead tree of Quercus, 25 Aug. 2006, J. Li, Li 1149 (BJFC \u2013 holotype).ITS barcoding sequence: KY328312 (from holotype).Sanghuangporus sanghuang  Sheng H. Wu et al., Fungal Diversity77: 340 (2016).Basionym: Inonotus sanghuang Sheng H. Wu et al., Bot. Studies (Taipei)53: 140 (2012).Type:China:Jilin: Baishan City, on Morus sp., Mar. 2009, S.H. Wu, Wu 0903\u20131 (TNM \u2013 holotype).ITS barcoding sequence: JN794061 (from holotype).Sanghuangporus subbaumii Shan Shen, Y.C. Dai & L.W. Zhou, sp. nov. , refers to the similarity to Sanghuangporus baumii.Diagnosis: Differing from S. baumii in having resupinate, effused-reflexed to pileate basidiomes, acute pileal margin and longer hymenial setae (>\u200920\u2009\u03bcm in length).Type:China:Shanxi: Jiaocheng County, Pangquangou Nature Reserve, on fallen trunk of Prunus sp., 10 Aug. 2013, Y.C. Dai, Dai\u00a013360\u00a0.Description: Basidiomes perennial, resupinate, effused-reflexed to pileate, without odor or taste and hard corky when fresh, woody hard when dry; to 20\u2009cm long and 5\u2009cm wide when resupinate. Pilei dimidiate, ungulate in section, projecting to 3.5\u2009cm wide, 6\u2009cm long and 4\u2009cm thick at base. Pileal surface dark brown and velutinate when juvenile, mouse-grey to black, glabrous and cracked with age, concentrically zonate and narrowly sulcate; margin yellow brown, acute. Pore surface yellowish brown, glancing; sterile margin distinct, yellowish; pores angular to circular, 5\u20137 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Context yellowish brown to dark brown, woody hard, to 3.5\u2009cm thick. Tubes yellowish brown, darker than pore surface, woody hard, to 0.5\u2009cm long.Hyphal system monomitic in context, dimitic in trama; generative hyphae simple septate; tissue darkening but otherwise unchanged in KOH. Context generative hyphae occasionally slightly thick-walled with a wide lumen and yellowish, mostly thick-walled with a narrow lumen and yellowish brown, unbranched, frequently septate, more or less regularly arranged, 3.5\u20134\u2009\u03bcm diam. Tubes generative hyphae thin to slightly thick-walled, hyaline, occasionally branched, frequently septate, 3\u20134.5\u2009\u03bcm diam; skeletal hyphae dominant, thick-walled with a narrow lumen, yellowish brown, unbranched, rarely septate, subparallel along the tubes, 2.2\u20133.7\u2009\u03bcm diam. Hymenial setae frequent in the mature hymenium, subulate to ventricose, dark brown, thick-walled, 20\u201335\u2009\u00d7\u20097\u201312\u2009\u03bcm. Cystidioles subulate, with narrow and tapering apex, hyaline, 15\u201320\u2009\u00d7\u20094\u20136\u2009\u03bcm. Basidia barrel-shaped to broadly clavate, with four sterigmata and a simple septum at the base, hyaline, 20\u201325\u2009\u00d7\u20097\u20139\u2009\u03bcm; basidioles in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, yellowish, slightly thick-walled, smooth, non-amyloid, non-dextrinoid, moderately cyanophilous, (3.8\u2013)4\u20134.9(\u2212\u20095.2)\u2009\u00d7\u20093.1\u20133.8(\u2212\u20093.9) \u03bcm, L\u2009=\u20094.35\u2009\u03bcm, W\u2009=\u20093.41\u2009\u03bcm, Q\u2009=\u20091.24\u20131.31 (n\u2009=\u200960/2).Notes: Sanghuangporus subbaumii mostly resembles S. baumii, but the latter species differs in having pileate basidiomes always, obtuse pileal margin and shorter hymenial setae .Additional specimen examined:China:Beijing: Shangfangshan Forest Park, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 22 July 2019, L.W. Zhou, LWZ 20190722\u201318 (HMAS 281654).Sanghuangporus vaninii (Ljub.) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity77: 340 (2016).Basionym: Phellinus vaninii Ljub., Bot. Mater.15: 115 (1962).Synonym: Inonotus vaninii (Ljub.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., Mycologia94: 1009 (2002).Type:Russia:Primorsky Krai: Shkotovsky District, watershed of the Maykhe river, Maykhinsky forestry, Verkhne-Maykhinskaya forest area, Peyshula, quarter 119, in valley of pine-broadleaved forest, on dried aspen tree, 14 Aug. 1951, L.V. Lyubarskiy (LE 22523 \u2013 holotype).Reference collection: China:Jilin: Antu County, Changbaishan, on fallen trunk of Populus davidiana, 26 Aug. 2005, Y.C. Dai, Dai 7011 (IFP)ITS barcoding sequence: JN642591  Sheng H. Wu et al., Fungal Diversity77: 340 (2016).Basionym: Inonotus weigelae T. Hatt. & Sheng H. Wu, Bot. Studies (Taipei)53: 143 (2012).Synonym: Inonotus tenuicontextus L.W. Zhou & W.M. Qin, Mycol. Progr.11: 793 (2012).Type:Japan:Nagano: Chino, Minoto, on Weigela coraeensis, 19 Sept. 1993, T. Hattori, F16899 (TFM \u2013 holotype).ITS barcoding sequence: JN642596 (from holotype).Sanghuangporus weirianus (Bres.) L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity77: 340 (2016).Basionym: Fomes weirianus Bres., Stud. Trent., Classe II, Sci. Nat. Econ. 7(1): 5 (1926).Synonyms: Phellinus weirianus (Bres.) Gilb., J. Ariz. Acad. Sci.7: 137 (1972).Inonotus weirianus (Bres.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., Mycologia94: 1009 (2002).Type:USA:New Mexico: on trunk of Juglans rupestris, 25 Oct. 1911, G.G. Hedgcock & W.H. Long (BPI 235278 \u2013 holotype).Reference collection: USA:Arizona: on Juglans major, 27 Aug. 1967, R.L. Gilbertson 6975-S (IMSNU 32021)ITS barcoding sequence: AF110989  L.W. Zhou & Y.C. Dai, Fungal Diversity77: 341 (2016).Basionym: Inonotus zonatus Y.C. Dai & X.M. Tian, Fungal Diversity58: 165 (2013).Type:China:Hainan: Jianfengling Nature Reserve, on living angiosperm tree, 11 May 2009, B.K. Cui, Cui 6631 (BJFC \u2013 holotype).ITS barcoding sequence: JQ860305 (from holotype).Sanghuangporus including the new species S. subbaumii described herein. We also synonymize S. toxicodendri under S. quercicola.In this study, we summarized all available ITS barcoding sequences bearing the name \u201cSanghuang\u201d in GenBank. A total of 271 ITS sequences related to \u201cSanghuang\u201d, including 31 newly generated sequences from this study, were analyzed. In association with previous information of morphology, hosts, and multilocus-based phylogeny, 14 species are accepted as members of Sanghuangporus subbaumii has a phylogenetically close relationship to S. baumii; however, these two species form two distinct lineages with strong support  or involve variable characters that do not have taxonomic signal   within Sanghuangporus  was generally above the intraspecific distances within either species  are referred to and the reference sequences for some species hypotheses are not always those from holotypes. Moreover, both RTL and UNITE are not familiar to mycologists working on medicinal studies and government officers in charge of the policy of medicinal fungi, who normally take the first hit of a BLAST search in GenBank as the species name. Therefore, the accuracy of ITS sequences of \u201cSanghuang\u201d in GenBank is crucial for medicinal studies and commercial development of this fungal genus.A study by Nilsson et al.  revealedSanghuangporus came from cultured strains, and most of those sequences were submitted by non-taxonomists. A typical case is the recent paper on genome sequencing of \u201cSanghuang\u201d that also submitted six ITS sequences to GenBank , while the six strains generating these sequences were named as S. sanghuang , while the interspecific ITS difference is above 1.30% . This provides a practical cut-off value for BLAST search-based species identification. Finally, ten potential diagnostic sequences are provided for HRCA assay to rapidly differentiate the three commonly studied and cultivated species, viz. S. baumii, S. sanghuang, and S. vaninii. As a follow up, we will suggest reannotation of ITS sequences related to \u201cSanghuang\u201d to the GenBank administrators, especially to ensure that sequences from holotypes and reference collections for each species of Sanghuangporus are designated as such. Further, we will liaise with UNITE to ensure that appropriate reference sequences are designated for UNITE species hypotheses within Sanghuangporus.In order to promote medicinal studies and industrial development, the ITS barcoding region of Additional file 1: Tree S1. The phylogenetic tree inferred from 269 ITS sequences. The topology was generated from the maximum likelihood algorithm and bootstrap values are presented at the nodes.Additional file 2: Tree S2. The phylogenetic tree inferred from 269 ITS sequences. The topology was generated from the Bayesian inference algorithm and Bayesian posterior probabilities are presented at the nodes.Additional file 3: Figure S1. Molecular species delimitation estimated from the Newick tree file of Fig. Additional file 4: Table S1. Genetic distances of ITS sequences between and within species of Sanghuangporus.Additional file 5: Figure S2. The alignment of Sanghuangporus baumii, S. sanghuang and S. vaninii generated from ITS sequences submitted by taxonomists. Ten potential diagnostic sequences for Hyperbranched Rolling Circle Amplification are labeled in capital letters."}
{"text": "The sixth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Evdokia Dimitriadis. The correct citation is: Donoghue JF, McGavigan CJ, Lederman FL, Cann LM, Fu L, Dimitriadis E, et al. (2012) Dilated Thin-Walled Blood and Lymphatic Vessels in Human Endometrium: A Potential Role for VEGF-D in Progestin-Induced Break-Through Bleeding. PLOS ONE 7(2): e30916. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0030916"}
{"text": "The complete mitochondrial genome of Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)Notice of duplicate publication: , Mitochondrial DNA Part B (2021), 6(8), 2363\u20132365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1951138Qi He, Xianmei Song, Hongwen Ma and Yanbo Yin, \u2018The complete mitochondrial genome of Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)\u2019Mitochondrial DNA Part B as it is a Duplicate Publication of:Please note that this article has been removed from , Mitochondrial DNA Part B (2021), 6(7), 2019\u20132021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1926363Qi He, Xianmei Song, Hongwen Ma and Yanbo Yin, \u2018The complete mitochondrial genome of Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)\u2019"}
{"text": "Effect of dose reduction ofsupplemental zinc for childhood diarrhoea: study protocol for a double-masked, randomisedcontrolled trial in India and Tanzania. BMJ Paediatrics Open 2019;3:e000460.doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000460Somji SS, Dhingra P, Dhingra U, This article was previously published with the wrong licence. The correct licence for thepaper is CC-BY."}
{"text": "Correction to: Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 16, 24 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-021-00363-04\u2009St. Olavs Hospital, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, Trondheim, NorwayIn the original publication , the folThe original article has been updated."}
{"text": "In the published version of this article, the corresponding author was listed incorrectly. The corresponding author statement should have read as follows:\u2018*Correspondence: Luo Yan Ping, ypluo301@aliyun.com\u2019Additionally, in the first paragraph of the discussion section some text and accompanying references were mistakenly omitted. The omitted references and corrected text with corresponding citations are detailed below:K. pneumoniae within the People\u2019s Liberation Army General Hospital (H301) in Beijing over a 15 year period. While several studies have investigated the genetic epidemiology of CR-Kp in China in general  and in Hospital 301 in particular [1\u20136], this study represents the first longitudinal investigation focusing on the broad K. pneumoniae population from China.\u2019\u2018This study aimed to understand the population structure of et al. A nosocomial outbreak of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Chinese hospital: dissemination of ST11 and emergence of ST37, ST392 and ST395. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19(11):e509\u201315 .1. Yang J, Ye L, Guo L, Zhao Q, Chen R, et al. NDM-1-producing strains, family Enterobacteriaceae, in hospital, Beijing, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014 ;20(2):340\u201322. Zhou G, Guo S, Luo Y, Ye L, Song Y, Klebsiella pneumoniae in China. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(11):O818\u2013243. Luo Y, Wang Y, Ye L, Yang J. Molecular epidemiology and virulence factors of pyogenic liver abscess causing et al. Nosocomial outbreak of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Chinese hospital: clonal transmission of ST147 and ST383. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e01607544. Guo L, An J, Ma Y, Ye L, Luo Y, et al. NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Chinese hospital, 2014-2015: identification of NDM-producing Citrobacter werkmanii and acquisition of blaNDM-1-carrying plasmid in vivo in a clinical Escherichia coli isolate. J Med Microbiol. 2016;65(11):1253\u201312595. An J, Guo L, Zhou L, Ma Y, Luo Y, et al. Molecular characterization of clinical IMP-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a Chinese Tertiary hospital. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2017;16(1):426. Lai K, Ma Y, Guo L, An J, Ye L, The authors apologise for any inconvenience caused."}
{"text": "Chilocorus Leach, 1815 the largest genus of Chilocorini, contains more than 80 species, mainly preying on Coccoidea. Many species of Chilocorus are economically important as they are widely used as biological control agents.Chilocorus Leach are described from Laos: C.toulakhomianus Li & Wang, sp. n. and C.vientianicus Li & Wang, sp. n. Diagnoses and detailed descriptions of the new species are given. Each species is illustrated in detail, including genitalia. Distribution maps are presented.In this study, two new species of the genus  Chilocorus Leach, 1815 the largest genus of Chilocorini, contains 81 species in the recent world checklist  were recovered as embedded in the clade of Chilocorus; meanwhile, these four genera were synonymised with Chilocorus , Guangzhou.External morphology was observed with a dissecting stereomicroscope . Male and female genitalia were dissected, cleared in 10% solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by boiling for several minutes and examined with an Olympus BX51 microscope. Photographs of the genitalia and other morphological characters were taken with digital cameras (AxioCam HRc and Coolsnap-Procf & CRI Micro*Color), attached to microscopes using AxioVision Rel. ver. 4.8 and Image-Pro Plus ver. 6.0. Images were cleaned up and laid out in plates with Adobe Photoshop CS ver. 8.0. Terminology follows AbbreviationsTL = total length: length from apical margin of clypeus to apex of elytra; TW = total width: width across both elytra at widest part; TH = body height measured across the highest point of the elytra; HW = head width in a frontal view; PL = pronotal length: from middle of anterior margin to base of pronotum; PW = pronotal width at widest part; EL = elytral length: from apex to base including scutellum; EW = elytral width, equal to TW.Leach, 181549E810FC-B1D4-5426-9B37-6E51B06087D3Chilocorus Leach, 1815: 116.ChilocorusCoccinellacacti Linnaeus, 1767Chilocorus can be distinguished from the other genera of the tribe Chilocorini by the following combination of characters: body with dorsum glabrous, rarely with pubescence; outer elytral margin slightly reflexed, without distinct bead; antenna stout, composed of 7 or 8 antennomeres  Fig. .Li & Wangsp. n.F6F39E35-8631-5282-9074-BEEAE640CCAE061FD264-E148-4274-A6CC-2FE0F2E76B37Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordNumber: No. 202107-02; recordedBy: Wenjing Li; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; previousIdentifications: Chilocoruspolitus; Taxon: scientificName: Chilocorusvientianicus Li & Wang, sp. n.; Location: country: Laos; locality: VangVieng, Vientiane; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Wenjing Li; dateIdentified: 2021; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; eventDate: 06/07/2006Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Wenjing Li; individualCount: 8; sex: 4 male, 4 female; lifeStage: adult; previousIdentifications: Chilocoruspolitus; Taxon: scientificName: Chilocorusvientianicus Li & Wang, sp. n.; Location: country: Laos; locality: VangVieng, Vientiane; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Wenjing Li; dateIdentified: 2021; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; eventDate: 06/07/2006TL: 4.91\u20135.66 mm, TW: 4.58\u20135.35 mm, TH: 3.07\u20133.75 mm, TL/TW: 1.05\u20131.07, PL/PW: 0.54\u20130.57, EL/EW: 0.98\u20130.99.Body roundish, strongly convex. Head, mouthparts and antenna brownish-red, sparsely covered with short, greyish pubescence. Pronotum, scutellum and elytra glabrous, brownish-red Fig. a\u2013c. UndeHead relatively large, 0.52\u20130.53 times pronotal width, punctures on frons large and densely distributed, 0.5\u20131.5 diameters apart, surface polished between punctures. Eyes approximately oval, densely faceted, interocular distance 0.47\u00d7 as wide as head  Fig. .Chilocorini have been investigated in detail in many countries of East and Southeast Asia, such as China, Japan, Vietnam etc (Chilocorini and even Coccinellidae in Laos are poorly taxonomically studied. In this paper, we describe two new species adding them to the world fauna of Chilocorus from Laos. As the largest genus of Chilocorini, the morphological characters of Chilocorus are relatively heterogeneous at species level. Compared with Asian fauna species, these two new species and their similar species C.politus can be easily distinguished by the following two characters: dorsum brownish-red without any spots; terminal maxillary palpomere moderately expanded to apex, the length nearly equal to the width.The species deversity of tnam etc . However"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-021-92432-4, published online 23 June 2021Correction to: The original version of this Article omitted an affiliation for M. Lisker. The correct affiliations for M. Lisker are listed below:IHP- Leibniz Institut f\u00fcr innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236, Frankfurt (Oder), GermanyTechnical University of Applied Science Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745, Wildau, GermanyThe original Article and accompanying Supplementary Information file have been corrected."}
{"text": "Rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF) constitute an ecological group associated with terrestrial rocks. This association is generally restricted to the persistent colonisation of rocks and peculiar morphological features based on melanisation and slow growth, which endow RIF with significance in eukaryotic biology, special status in ecology, and exotic potential in biotechnology. There is a need to achieve a better understanding of the hidden biodiversity, antistress biology, origin and convergent evolution of RIF, which will facilitate cultural relic preservation, exploitation of the biogeochemical cycle of rock elements and biotechnology applications. This review focuses on summarising the current knowledge of rock-inhabiting fungi, with particular reference to terminology, biodiversity and geographic distribution, origin and evolution, and stress adaptation mechanisms. We especially teased out the definition through summing up the terms related to rock-inhabting fungi, and also provided a checklist of rock-inhabiting fungal taxa recorded following updated classification schemes. Lithobiontic fungi generally refers to either slow-growing black yeast or extensive mould that lives on or inside rocks  were proposed by Staley et al.  to refer2.4.The term \u201cmeristematic fungi\u201d was introduced by de Hoog and Hermanides-Nijhof  to refer2.5.\u201cBlack yeast\u201d refers a group of fungi that are quite heterogeneous from taxonomic and phylogenetic perspectives but have common melanised cell walls and form daughter cells by yeast-like multilateral or polar budding  plates with a sterilised needle or scalpel under a dissecting microscope  and MycoBank (http://www.mycobank.org) and a recent phylogenetic revision , in which PRs function in sensing and avoiding sunlight stresses and locating susceptible hosts  composed of polysaccharides, glycoproteins and enzymes around fungal cells form a complex network to survive against various stresses, including temperature fluctuations, low water availability, UV radiation, and nutrient deficiency  or GC content (53.84%) and the percentage (0.33) of repetitive sequences   MA 1299  showed clear production of small proteins  and 1,3\u20134 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) pathways  exposure to the Simulated Martian Condition imitation experiment on the International Space Station (ISS)  programme conducted by the European Space Agency Knufia calcicola L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 18 (2020)Knufia calcarecola L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang (2020) Orthographic variantObligate synonyms: Knufia karalitana Isola & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 128 (2019)Knufia karalitana Isola & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 76: 88 (2015) invalid Art. 40.7 (Melbourne)Taxon synonyms: Knufia marmoricola Onofri & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 128 (2019)Knufia marmoricola Onofri & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 76: 88 (2015) invalid Art. 40.7 (Melbourne)Taxon synonyms: Knufia mediterranea Selbmann & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 128 (2019)Knufia separata L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 19 (2020)Knufia vaticanii Zucconi & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 76: 88 (2015) invalid Art. 40.7 (Melbourne)Knufia perforans (Sterfl.) Tsuneda, Hambl. & Currah, Botany 89: 887 (2011)Knufia perforans (Sterfl.) Tsuneda, Hambl. & Currah, Botany 89 (8): 534 (2011) Invalid Art. 41.5 (Melbourne)Obligate synonyms: Coniosporium perforans Sterfl., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (4): 352 (1997)Basionym: Knufia petricola (Wollenz. & de Hoog) Gorbushina & Gueidan, Fungal Genetics & Biology 56: 58 (2013)Sarcinomyces petricola Wollenz. & de Hoog, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (3): 283 (1997)Basionym: Knufia chersonesos (Bogomolva & Minter) Tsuneda, Hambl. & Currah, Botany 89: 887 (2011)Phaeococcomyces chersonesos Bogom. & Minter, Mycotaxon 86: 203 (2003)Basionym: Knufia chersonesos (Bogomolva & Minter) Tsuneda, Hambl. & Currah, Botany 89 (8): 535 (2011) InvalidObligate synonyms: Dothideomycetesincertae sedisCryomyces Selbmann, de Hoog, Mazzaglia, Friedmann & Onofri, Studies in Mycology 51: 19 (2005)Cryomyces antarcticus Selbmann, de Hoog, Mazzaglia, Friedmann & Onofri, Studies in Mycology 51: 19 (2005)Cryomyces funiculosus Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Diversity 86: 123 (2017)Cryomyces funiculosus Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Diversity 65 (1): 175 (2013) Invalid Art. 40.6Taxon synonyms: Cryomyces minteri Selbmann, de Hoog, Mazzaglia, Friedmann & Onofri, Studies in Mycology 51: 21 (2005)Cryomyces montanus Isola & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 86: 123 (2017)Cryomyces montanus Isola & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 65 (1): 177 (2013) Invalid Art. 40.6Taxon synonyms: Phaeosclera Sigler, Tsuneda & J.W. Carmich., Mycotaxon 12 (2): 461 (1981)Rupestriomyces L. Su, L.Y. Guo & X.Z. Liu, Mycologia 107 (4): 839 (2015)Rupestriomyces ampulliformis L. Su, L.Y. Guo & X.Z. Liu, Mycologia 107 (4): 841 (2015)Rupestriomyces sinensis L. Su, L.Y. Guo & X.Z. Liu, Mycologia 107 (4): 840 (2015)Rupestriomyces torulosus L. Su, L.Y. Guo & X.Z. Liu, Mycologia 107 (4): 840 (2015)Saxomyces Selbmann & Isola, Fungal Diversity 86: 422 (2017)Saxomyces Selbmann & Isola, Fungal Diversity 65 (1): 174 (2013) Invalid Art. 40.1Taxon synonyms: Saxomyces alpinus Zucconi & Selbmann, Fungal Diversity 86: 422 (2017)Saxomyces alpinus Zucconi & Selbmann, Fungal Diversity 65 (1): 174 (2013) Invalid Art. 40.6Taxon synonyms: Saxomyces penninicus Zucconi & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 86: 422 (2017)Saxomyces penninicus Zucconi & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 65 (1): 175 (2013) Invalid Art. 40.6Taxon synonyms: Spissiomyces Lei Su, Li Y. Guo & Xing Z. Liu, Mycologia 107 (4): 837 (2015)Spissiomyces aggregatus Lei Su, Li Y. Guo & Xing Z. Liu, Mycologia 107 (4): 838 (2015)Spissiomyces ramosus Lei Su, Li Y. Guo & Xing Z. Liu, Mycologia 107 (4): 838 (2015)ConiosporialesConiosporiaceaeConiosporium Link, Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 3 (1): 8 (1809)Conisporium Link, Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 3 (1): 8 (1809) Orthographic variantTaxon synonyms: Coniosporium apollinis Sterfl., Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 72 (4): 358 (1997)Coniosporium s\u00fcmb\u00fclii Sert & Sterflinger, Mycological Progress 9 (3): 356 (2010)Coniosporium uncinatum De Leo, Urz\u00ec & de Hoog, Studies in Mycology 43: 75 (1999)DothideomycetidaeCapnodialesincertae sedisArthrocatena Egidi & Selbmann, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 126 (2019)Arthrocatena Egidi & Selbmann, Fungal Diversity 65: 159 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Arthrocatena tenebrosa Egidi & Selbmann, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 126 (2019)Arthrocatena tenebrio Egidi & Selbmann, Fungal Diversity 65: 159 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Capnobotryella Sugiy., Pleomorphic Fungi: The Diversity and its Taxonomic Implications (Tokyo): 148 (1987)Capnobotryella antalyensis Sert & Sterflinger, Mycological Research 111 (10): 1237 (2007)Capnobotryella renispora Sugiy., Two metacapnodiaceous sooty moulds from Japan: their identity and behaviour in pure culture: 148 (1987)Capnobotryella erdoganiCapnobotryella isilogluiCapnobotryella kizirogluiCatenulomyces Egidi & de Hoog, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 126 (2019)Catenulomyces Egidi & de Hoog, Fungal Diversity 65: 154 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Catenulomyces convolutus Egidi & de Hoog, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 126 (2019)Catenulomyces convolutus Egidi & de Hoog, Fungal Diversity 65: 154 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Constantinomyces Egidi & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 126 (2019)Constantinomyces Egidi & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 65: 155 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Constantinomyces macerans de Hoog & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 126 (2019)Constantinomyces macerans de Hoog & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 65: 157 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Constantinomyces minimus de Hoog & Isola, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 126 (2019)Constantinomyces minimus de Hoog & Isola, Fungal Diversity 65: 157 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Constantinomyces nebulosus Isola & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 126 (2019)Constantinomyces nebulosus Isola & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 65: 157 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Constantinomyces oldenburgensis Gorbushina, P.M. Martin-Sanchez, Ruibal & Selbmann, Life 8 (3/30): 8 (2018) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Constantinomyces patonensis Ruibal & Selbmann, Life 8 (3/30): 11 (2018) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Constantinomyces virgultus Egidi & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 127 (2019)Constantinomyces virgultus Egidi & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 65: 155 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Elasticomyces Zucconi & Selbmann, Studies in Mycology 61: 11 (2008)Elasticomyces elasticus Zucconi & Selbmann, Studies in Mycology 61: 11 (2008)Friedmanniomyces Onofri, Nova Hedwigia 68: 176 (1999)Friedmanniomyces endolithicus Onofri, Nova Hedwigia 68: 177 (1999)Friedmanniomyces simplex Selbmann, de Hoog, Mazzaglia, Friedmann & Onofri, Studies in Mycology 51: 16 (2005)Hyphoconis Egidi & Quaedvl., Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 127 (2019)Hyphoconis Egidi & Quaedvl., Fungal Diversity 65: 153 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Hyphoconis sterilis Egidi & Quaedvl., Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 127 (2019)Hyphoconis sterilis Egidi & Quaedvl., Fungal Diversity 65: 153 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Incertomyces Egidi & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 127 (2019)Incertomyces Egidi & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 65: 157 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Incertomyces perditus Egidi & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 127 (2019)Incertomyces perditus Egidi & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 65: 157 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Incertomyces vagans Egidi & Selbmann, Fungal Diversity 65: 157 (2014)Lapidomyces de Hoog & Stielow, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 128 (2019)Lapidomyces de Hoog & Stielow, Fungal Diversity 65: 159 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Lapidomyces hispanicus de Hoog & Stielow, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 128 (2019)Lapidomyces hispanicus de Hoog & Stielow, Fungal Diversity 65: 159 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Meristemomyces Isola & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 128 (2019)Meristemomyces Isola & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 65: 158 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.1, see Arts 40.3 and Arts 6.3, 12.1 (Melbourne)Taxon synonyms: Meristemomyces frigidus Isola & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 129 (2019)Meristemomyces frigidus Isola & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 129 (2019) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Monticola Selbmann & Egidi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 128 (2019)Monticola Selbmann & Egidi, Fungal Diversity 65: 155 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.1, see Arts 40.3 and Arts 6.3, 12.1 (Melbourne)Taxon synonyms: Monticola elongata Selbmann & Egidi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 128 (2019)Monticola elongata Selbmann & Egidi, Fungal Diversity 65: 155 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Melbourne)Taxon synonyms: Oleoguttula Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 129 (2019)Oleoguttula Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Diversity 65: 152 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.1, see Arts 40.3 and Arts 6.3, 12.1 (Melbourne)Taxon synonyms: Oleoguttula mirabilis Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 129 (2019)Oleoguttula mirabilis Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 129 (2019) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Penidiella Crous & U. Braun, Studies in Mycology 58: 17 (2007)Penidiella ellipsoidea Crous, Persoonia 26: 78 (2011)Perusta Egidi & Stielow, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 130 (2019)Perusta Egidi & Stielow, Fungal Diversity 65: 155 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.1 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Perusta inaequalis Egidi & Stielow, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 130 (2019)Perusta inaequalis Egidi & Stielow, Fungal Diversity 65: 155 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Petrophila de Hoog & Quaedvl., Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 130 (2019)Petrophila de Hoog & Quaedvl., Fungal Diversity 65: 152 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.1, see Arts 40.3 and Arts 6.3, 12.1 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Petrophila incerta de Hoog & Quaedvl., Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 130 (2019)Petrophila incerta de Hoog & Quaedvl., Fungal Diversity 65: 152 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Pseudotaeniolina J.L. Crane & Schokn., Mycologia 78 (1): 88 (1986)Pseudotaeniolina globosa De Leo, Urz\u00ec & de Hoog, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 83 (4): 356 (2003)Ramimonilia Stielow & Quaedvl., Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 130 (2019)Ramimonilia Stielow & Quaedvl., Fungal Diversity 65: 155 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.1, see Arts 40.3 and Arts 6.3, 12.1 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Ramimonilia apicalis Stielow & Quaedvl., Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 131 (2019)Ramimonilia apicalis Stielow & Quaedvl., Fungal Diversity 65: 155 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Recurvomyces Selbmann & de Hoog, Studies in Mycology 61: 10 (2008)Recurvomyces mirabilis Selbmann & de Hoog, Studies in Mycology 61: 11 (2008)Saxophila Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 131 (2019)Saxophila Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Diversity 76: 90 (2015) Invalid Art. 40.1 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Saxophila tyrrhenica Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 131 (2019)Saxophila tyrrhenica Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Diversity 76: 90 (2015) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Vermiconidia Egidi & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 131 (2019)Vermiconia Egidi & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 65: 150 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.1, see Arts 40.3 and Arts 6.3, 12.1 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Vermiconidia antarctica Egidi & Selbmann, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 132 (2019)Vermiconia antarctica Egidi & Selbmann, Fungal Diversity 65: 152 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Vermiconidia calcicola de Hoog & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 132 (2019)Vermiconia calcicola de Hoog & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 76: 90 (2015) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Vermiconidia flagrans Selbmann & Isola, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 132 (2019)Vermiconia flagrans Selbmann & Isola, Fungal Diversity 65: 152 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Vermiconidia foris Egidi & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 132 (2019)Vermiconia foris Egidi & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 65: 150 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: AeminiaceaeAeminiaceae J. Trov\u00e3o, I. Tiago & A. Portugal, MycoKeys 45: 62 (2019)Aeminium J. Trov\u00e3o, I. Tiago & A. Portugal, MycoKeys 45: 64 (2019)Aeminium ludgeri J. Trov\u00e3o, I. Tiago & A. Portugal, MycoKeys 45: 64 (2019)CapnodiaceaeLeptoxyphium Speg., Physis Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales 4 (17): 294 (1918)Astragoxyphium Bat., Nascim. & Cif., Quaderno del Laboratorio Crittogamico del Istituto Botanico dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 di Pavia 31: 45 (1963)Taxon synonyms: Megaloxyphium Cif., Bat. & Nascim., Publica\u00e7\u00f5es do Instituto de Micologia da Universidade do Recife 47: 3 (1956)Taxon synonyms: ParadevriesiaceaeParadevriesia Crous, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 98 (2019)Paradevriesia compacta Crous, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 129 (2019)Devriesia compacta de Hoog & Quaedvl., Fungal Diversity 65: 148 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: TeratosphaeriaceaeAcrodontium de Hoog, Studies in Mycology 1: 23 (1972)Acrodontium crateriforme (J.F.H. Beyma) de Hoog, Studies in Mycology 1: 26 (1972)Chloridium crateriforme J.F.H. Beyma, Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Bakteriologie und Parasitenkunde, Abteilung 2 89: 241 (1933)Basionym: Tritirachium crateriforme (J.F.H. Beyma) Matsush., Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum: 160 (1975)Obligate synonyms: Austroafricana Quaedvl. & Crous, Persoonia 33: 25 (2014)Austroafricana parva (R.F. Park & Keane) Quaedvl. & Crous, Persoonia 33: 25 (2014)Mycosphaerella parva R.F. Park & Keane, Transactions of the British Mycological Society 79 (1): 99 (1982)Basionym: Teratosphaeria parva (R.F. Park & Keane) Crous & U. Braun, Studies in Mycology 58: 10 (2007)Obligate synonyms: Mycosphaerella grandis Carnegie & Keane, Mycological Research 98: 414 (1994)Taxon synonyms: Catenulostroma Crous & U. Braun, Studies in Mycology 58: 13 (2007)Catenulostroma protearum  Crous & U. Braun, Studies in Mycology 58: 17 (2007)Trimmatostroma protearum Crous & M.E. Palm, Mycological Research 103 (10): 1303 (1999)Basionym: Hortaea Nishim. & Miyaji, Japanese Journal of Medical Mycology 26 (2): 145 (1984)Hortaea thailandica Crous & K.D. Hyde, Studies in Mycology 64: 39 (2009)Hortaea werneckii (Horta) Nishim. & Miyaji, Japanese Journal of Medical Mycology 26 (2): 145 (1984)Cladosporium werneckii Horta, Revista Med. Cirurg\u00eda Brasil 29: 274 (1921)Basionym: Exophiala werneckii (Horta) Arx, The genera of fungi sporulating in pure culture: 180 (1970)Obligate synonyms: Pullularia werneckii (Horta) G.A. de Vries, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Cladosporium: 101 (1952)Obligate synonyms: Phaeoannellomyces werneckii (Horta) McGinnis & Schell, Sabouraudia 23: 184 (1979)Obligate synonyms: Dematium werneckii (Horta) C.W. Dodge, Medical mycology. Fungous diseases of men and other mammals: 676 (1935)Obligate synonyms: Cladosporium rietmanni Sartory, Rev. Pat. Malad. Pays Chauds: 9\u201344 (1935)Taxon synonyms: Pullularia fermentans var. leaoi E.S. Wynne & Gott, Journal of General Microbiology 14: 517 (1956)Taxon synonyms: Cryptococcus metaniger Castell., Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology 16 (4): 402 (1927)Taxon synonyms: Cladosporium metaniger (Castell.) Ferrari, Atti dell\u2019Istituto Botanico della Universit\u00e0 e Laboratorio Crittogamico di Pavia 3: 183 (1932)Taxon synonyms: Pullularia fermentans var. castellanii E.S. Wynne & Gott, Journal of General Microbiology 14: 518 (1956)Taxon synonyms: Circinotrichum metaniger (Castell.) M. Ota, C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris: 1187 (1936)Taxon synonyms: Neocatenulostroma Quaedvl. & Crous, Persoonia 33: 26 (2014)Neocatenulostroma abietis (Butin & Pehl) Quaedvl. & Crous, Persoonia 33: 27 (2014)Trimmatostroma abietis Butin & Pehl, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 69 (3): 204 (1996)Basionym: Catenulostroma abietis (Butin & Pehl) Crous & U. Braun, Studies in Mycology 58: 15 (2007)Obligate synonyms: CladosporialesCladosporiaceaeRachicladosporium Crous, U. Braun & C.F. Hill, Studies in Mycology 58: 38 (2007)Rachicladosporium alpinum Egidi & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 130 (2019)Rachicladosporium alpinum Egidi & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 65: 159 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Rachicladosporium antarcticum Onofri & Egidi, Fungal Diversity 65: 162 (2014)Rachicladosporium inconspicuum de Hoog & Stielow, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 130 (2019)Rachicladosporium inconspicuum de Hoog & Stielow, Fungal Diversity 65: 162 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Rachicladosporium mcmurdoi Selbmann & Onofri, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 130 (2019)Rachicladosporium mcmurdoi Selbmann & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 65: 159 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Rachicladosporium monterosanum Isola & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 130 (2019)Rachicladosporium monterosium Isola & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 65: 161 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Rachicladosporium paucitum Isola & Egidi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 130 (2019)Rachicladosporium paucitum Isola & Egidi, Fungal Diversity 65: 162 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Verrucocladosporium K. Schub., Aptroot & Crous, Studies in Mycology 58: 41 (2007)Verrucocladosporium dirinae K. Schub., Aptroot & Crous, Studies in Mycology 58: 41 (2007)DothidealesDothioraceaeAureobasidium Viala & G. Boyer, Revue G\u00e9nerale de Botanique 3: 371 (1891)Aureobasis Clem. & Shear, The genera of Fungi: 343, 381 (1931)Obligate synonyms: Chrysobasidium Clem., The genera of Fungi: 107 (1909)Obligate synonyms: Pullularia Berkhout, De schimmelgeslachten Monilia, Oidium, Oospora en Torula: 55, 64 (1923)Taxon synonyms: Dematoidium Stautz, Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 3: 204 (1931)Taxon synonyms: Pachybasidiella Bub\u00e1k & Syd., Annales Mycologici 13 (1): 9 (1915)Taxon synonyms: Protocoronospora G.F. Atk. & Edgerton, Journal of Mycology 13 (5): 186 (1907)Taxon synonyms: Protocoronis Clem. & Shear, The genera of Fungi: 197, 344 (1931)Taxon synonyms: Dematoideum Stautz (1931)Taxon synonyms: Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) G. Arnaud, Annales de l\u2019\u00c9cole Nationale d\u2019Agriculture de Montpellier 16 (1\u20134): 39 (1918)Dematium pullulans de Bary, Vergleichende Morphologie und Biologie der Pilze Mycetozoen und Bacterien: 182 (1884) [MB#219317]Basionym: Anthostomella pullulans (de Bary) F.T. Benn., Annals of Applied Biology 15: 381 (1928)Obligate synonyms: Pullularia pullulans (de Bary) Berkhout, De schimmelgeslachten Monilia, Oidium, Oospora en Torula: 55 (1923)Obligate synonyms: Hormonema pullulans (de Bary) Lagerb. & Melin, Nytt Magazin for Naturvidenskapene 71: 256 (1932)Obligate synonyms: Cladosporium pullulans (de Bary) Sacc. & Trotter, Sylloge Fungorum 22: 1250 (1913)Obligate synonyms: Aureobasidium vitis Viala & G. Boyer, Revue G\u00e9nerale de Botanique 3: 371 (1891)Taxon synonyms: Exobasidium vitis  Prill. & Delacr. (1894) Taxon synonyms: Taxon synonyms: Chrysobasidium vitis  Clem., The genera of Fungi: 107 (1909)Taxon synonyms: Aureobasis vitis  Clem. & Shear, The genera of Fungi: 343, 381 (1931)Taxon synonyms: Dematoidium nigrescens Stautz, Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 3: 204 (1931)Taxon synonyms: Phymatotrichum baccarum Oudem., Verslag Verg. Afd. Natuurkunde KNAW: 392 (1900)Taxon synonyms: Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) G. Arnaud ex Cif., Ribaldi & Corte, Atti dell\u2019Istituto Botanico della Universit\u00e0 e Laboratorio Crittogamico di Pavia 14: 85 (1957)Taxon synonyms: Endoconidioma Tsuneda, Hambl. & Currah, Mycologia 96 (5): 1129 (2004)Coniozyma Crous, CBS Biodiversity Series 7: 97 (2008)Taxon synonyms: Hormonema Lagerb. & Melin, Svenska Skogsv\u00e5rdsf\u00f6reningens Tidskrift 2 (2\u20134): 219 (1927)Hormonema carpetanum Bills, Pel\u00e1ez & Ruibal, Studies in Mycology 50 (1): 152 (2004)Pringsheimia Schulzer, Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft Wien 16: 57 (1866)Pringsheimia smilacis E. M\u00fcll., Sydowia 11: 458 (1957)MycosphaerellalesExtremaceaeExtremus Quaedvl. & Crous, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 127 (2019)Extremus Quaedvl. & Crous, Persoonia 33: 21 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Extremus adstrictus Quaedvl. & Crous, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 127 (2019)Extremus adstrictus Egidi & Onofri ex Quaedvl. & Crous, Persoonia 33: 22 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Devriesia adstricta Egidi & Onofri, Fungal Diversity 65: 150 (2014)Taxon synonyms: Extremus antarcticus Quaedvl. & Crous, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 127 (2019)Extremus antarcticus Selbmann & de Hoog ex Quaedvl. & Crous, Persoonia 33: 22 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Devriesia antarctica Selbmann & de Hoog, Fungal Diversity 65: 150 (2014)Taxon synonyms: MycosphaerellaceaePseudocercospora Speg., Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Buenos Aires ser. 3, 13: 438 (1911)Stigmina Sacc., Michelia 2 (6): 22 (1880)Taxon synonyms: Ciferriella Petr., Annales Mycologici 28 (5\u20136): 409 (1930)Taxon synonyms: Ancylospora Sawada, Report of the Department of Agriculture Government Research Institute of Formosa 87: 77 (1944)Taxon synonyms: Cercocladospora G.P. Agarwal & S.M. Singh, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. India, Sect. B, Biol. Sci.: 439 (1974)Taxon synonyms: Cercosporiopsis Miura, Flora of Manchuria and East Mongolia. Part III. Cryptogams, fungi 3: 527\u2013528 (1928)Taxon synonyms: Helicomina L.S. Olive, Mycologia 40 (1): 16 (1948)Taxon synonyms: Pseudocercospora sect. Helicomina (L.S. Olive) U. Braun, A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and allied genera (phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes) 2: 398 (1998)Taxon synonyms: Jaczewskiella Murashk., Mater. Mikol. Fitopat. Ross.: 5 (1926)Taxon synonyms: Marcosia Syd. & P. Syd., Annales Mycologici 14 (1\u20132): 96 (1916)Taxon synonyms: Pseudopuccinia H\u00f6hn., Mitt. bot. Inst. tech. Hochsch. Wien: 41 (1925)Taxon synonyms: Semipseudocercospora J.M. Yen, Mycotaxon 17: 361 (1983)Taxon synonyms: Pseudocercospora sect. Cercocladospora G.P. Agarwal & S.M. Singh ex U. Braun, A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and allied genera (phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes) 2: 397 (1998)Taxon synonyms: Neopseudocercospora Crous, Persoonia 31: 219 (2013)Taxon synonyms: NeodevriesiaceaeNeodevriesia Quaedvl. & Crous, Persoonia 33: 24 (2014)Neodevriesia bulbillosa Egidi & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 129 (2019)Neodevriesia bulbillosa E. Egidi & Zucconi ex Crous, Sydowia 67: 108 (2015) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Devriesia bulbillosa Egidi & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 65: 148 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Neodevriesia capensis (Crous) Crous, Sydowia 67: 108 (2015)Teratosphaeria capensis Crous, Persoonia 27: 38 (2011)Basionym: Neodevriesia lagerstroemiae (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Sydowia 67: 108 (2015)Devriesia lagerstroemiae Crous & M.J. Wingf., Studies in Mycology 64: 38 (2009)Basionym: Neodevriesia modesta Isola & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 129 (2019)Neodevriesia modesta Isola & Zucconi ex Crous, Sydowia 67: 108 (2015) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Devriesia modesta Isola & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 65: 148 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Neodevriesia sardiniae Isola & de Hoog, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 129 (2019)Neodevriesia sardiniae D. Isola & de Hoog ex M.M. Wang & L. Cai, Mycologia 109 (6): 972 (2017) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Devriesia sardiniae Isola & de Hoog, Fungal Diversity 76: 85 (2015) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Neodevriesia simplex Selbmann & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 129 (2019)Neodevriesia simplex Selbmann & Zucconi ex Crous, Sydowia 67: 108 (2015) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Devriesia simplex Selbmann & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 65: 148 (2014) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: NeophaeothecalesNeophaeothecaceaeNeophaeotheca Abdollahz. & Crous, Studies in Mycology 95: 392 (2020)Neophaeotheca triangularis (de Hoog & Beguin) Abdollahz. &Crous, Studies in Mycology 95: 392 (2020)Phaeotheca triangularis de Hoog & Beguin, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71 (3): 290 (1997)Basionym: PhaeothecalesPhaeothecaceaePhaeotheca Sigler, Tsuneda & J.W. Carmich., Mycotaxon 12 (2): 450 (1981)PleosporomycetidaeVenturialesSympoventuriaceaeOchroconis de Hoog & Arx, Kavaka 1: 57 (1973)Ochroconis anomala A. Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1 & P.M. Martin-Sanchez, Fungal Biology 116 (5): 584 (2012)Scolecobasidium anomalum (A. Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1 & P.M. Martin-Sanchez) G.Y. Sun & Lu Hao, Fungal Biology 12: 491 (2013)Obligate synonyms: Ochroconis lascauxensis A. Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1 & P.M. Martin-Sanchez, Fungal Biology 116 (5): 580 (2012)Scolecobasidium lascauxense (A. Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1 & P.M. Martin-Sanchez) G.Y. Sun & Lu Hao, Fungal Biology 12: 492 (2013)Obligate synonyms: Eurotiomycetesincertae sedisSarcinomyces Lindner, Mikroskopische Betriebskontrolle in den G\u00e4hrungsgewerben: 228 (1898)Sarcinomyces sideticae Sert & Sterfl., Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 154 (3): 379 (2007) InvalidChaetothyrialesincertae sedisBacillicladium Hubka, R\u00e9blov\u00e1, Thureborn, PLoS One 11 (10): 14 (2016)Bacillicladium lobatum Hubka, R\u00e9blov\u00e1, Thureborn, PLoS One 11 (10): 17 (2016)Bradymyces Hubka, R\u00e9blov\u00e1, Selbmann & M. Kola\u0159\u00edk, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 106 (5): 983 (2014)Bradymyces alpinus Hubka, Selbmann, R\u00e9blov\u00e1 & M. Kola\u0159\u00edk, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 106 (5): 985 (2014)Bradymyces graniticola Hubka, R\u00e9blov\u00e1 & Thureborn, PLoS One 11 (10): e0163396, 19 (2016)Bradymyces pullus L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 15 (2020)Bradymyces yunnanensis L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 16 (2020)NeophaeococcomycesCrous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 35: 287 (2015)Neophaeococcomyces catenatus (de Hoog & Herm.-Nijh.) Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 35: 287 (2015)Phaeococcus catenatus de Hoog & Herm.-Nijh., Studies in Mycology 15: 126 (1977)Basionym: Phaeococcomyces catenatus (de Hoog & Herm.-Nijh.) de Hoog, Taxon 28: 348 (1979)Taxon synonyms: CyphellophoraceaeCyphellophora G.A. de Vries, Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 16: 47 (1962)Cyphellophora botryoseCyphellophora guizhouensisHerpotrichiellaceaeCladophialophora Borelli, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Mycoses: 355 (1980)Cladophialophora humicola Crous & U. Braun, Studies in Mycology 58: 189 (2007)Cladophialophora nyingchiensis W. Sun, L. Su, M.C. Xiang & Xing Z. Liu, Journal of Fungi 6 : 26 (2020)Cladophialophora tengchongensis W. Sun, L. Su, M.C. Xiang & X.Z. Liu, Journal of Fungi 6 : 27 (2020)Cladophialophora tumbae Kiyuna, K.D. An, R. Kigawa & Sugiy., Mycoscience 59 (1): 80 (2017)Cladophialophora tumulicola Kiyuna, K.D. An, R. Kigawa & Sugiy., Mycoscience 59 (1): 81 (2017)Exophiala J.W. Carmich., Sabouraudia 5 (1): 122 (1966)Wangiella McGinnis, Mycotaxon 5 (1): 354 (1977)Taxon synonyms: Foxia Castell., Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 11: 261 (1908) Invalid nomen nudumTaxon synonyms: Exophiala angulospora Iwatsu, Udagawa & T. Takase, Mycotaxon 41 (2): 322 (1991)Exophiala bonariae Isola & Zucconi, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 127 (2019)Exophiala bonariae Isola & Zucconi, Fungal Diversity 76: 85 (2015) Invalid Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen)Taxon synonyms: Exophiala cinerea W. Sun, M.C. Xiang & Xing Z. Liu, Journal of Fungi 6 : 28 (2020)Exophiala clavispora W. Sun, M.C. Xiang & Xing Z. Liu, Journal of Fungi 6 : 29 (2020)Exophiala ellipsoidea W. Sun, L. Su, M.C. Xiang & X.Z. Liu, Journal of Fungi 6 : 29 (2020)Exophiala nagquensis W. Sun, L. Su, M.C. Xiang & X.Z. Liu, Journal of Fungi 6 : 30 (2020)Phaeococcomycesde Hoog, Taxon 28: 348 (1979)Phaeococcomyces nigricans (M.A. Rich & A.M. Stern) de Hoog, Taxon 28: 348 (1979)Cryptococcus nigricans M.A. Rich & A.M. Stern, Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 9: 191 (1958)Basionym: Phaeococcus nigricans (M.A. Rich & A.M. Stern) de Hoog, Studies in Mycology 15: 125 (1977)Obligate synonyms: Melanocryptococcus nigricans (M.A. Rich & A.M. Stern) Della Torre & Cif.: 9 (1964)Obligate synonyms: Nigrococcus nigricans (M.A. Rich & A.M. Stern) Nov\u00e1k & Zsolt, Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungarica 7: 142 (1961)Obligate synonyms: Phialophora Medlar, Mycologia 7 (4): 202 (1915)\\Rhinocladiella Nannf., Svenska Skogsv\u00e5rdsf\u00f6reningens Tidskrift 32: 461 (1934)Racodium Pers., Neues Magazin f\u00fcr die Botanik 1: 123 (1794)Taxon synonyms: Phialoconidiophora M. Moore & F.P. Almeida, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 23: 548 (1936)Taxon synonyms: Carrionia Bric.-Irag., Rev. Clin. Luiz Razetti, (Caracas): 121 (1938)Taxon synonyms: Rhinocladiella atrovirens Nannf., Svenska Skogsv\u00e5rdsf\u00f6reningens Tidskrift 32: 462 (1934)Melanchlenus eumetabolus Calandron, Revue de Mycologie (Paris) 17: 190 (1953)Taxon synonyms: Melanchlenus cumetabolus Calandron (1953)Taxon synonyms: TrichomeriaceaeAnthracina L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 12 (2020)Anthracina ramosa L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 13 (2020)Anthracina saxicola L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 14 (2020)Anthracina saxincola L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang (2020) Orthographic variantObligate synonyms: Lithohypha Selbmann & Isola, Fungal Diversity 86: 258 (2017)Lithophila Selbmann & Isola, Fungal Diversity 76: 88 (2015) Illegitimate Art. 40.1 (Melbourne); Art. 53.1, non Lithophila Sw. 1788 (Amaranthaceae)Basionym: Lithophila Selbmann & Isola, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 128 (2019) Illegitimate Art. 53.1, non Lithophila Sw. 1788 (Amaranthaceae)Taxon synonyms: Lithohypha catenulata L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 20 (2020)Lithohypha guttulata Selbmann & Isola, Fungal Diversity 86: 258 (2017)Lithophila guttulata Selbmann & Isola, Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 128 (2019) superfluousTaxon synonyms: Lithophila guttulata Selbmann & Isola, Fungal Diversity 76: 90 (2015) invalid Art. 40.7 (Melbourne)Taxon synonyms: Trichomerium Speg., Physis Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales 4 (17): 284 (1918)Capnobatista Cif. & F.B. Leal ex Bat. & Cif., Saccardoa 2: 75 (1963)Taxon synonyms: Triposporiopsis W. Yamam., Pap. Dedic. Tochinai & Fukushi Commem. 60th Birthdays: 52\u201356 (1955)Taxon synonyms: Paropodia Cif. & Bat., Publica\u00e7\u00f5es do Instituto de Micologia da Universidade do Recife 36: 5 (1956)Taxon synonyms: Trichomerium cicatricatum L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 21 (2020)Trichomerium flexuosum W. Sun, X.Z. Liu & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 23 (2020)Trichomerium lapideum L. Su, W. Sun & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 24 (2020)Trichomerium leigongense W. Sun, L. Su & M.C. Xiang, Journal of Fungi 6 : 25 (2020)Nontypical rock-inhabiting fungiAscomycotaDothideomycetesCladosporialesCladosporiaceaeCladosporium Link, Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 7: 37 (1816)Heterosporium Klotzsch ex Cooke, Grevillea 5 (35): 122 (1877)Taxon synonyms: Cladosporium subgen. Heterosporium (Klotzsch ex Cooke) J.C. David, Mycological Papers 172: 29 (1997)Taxon synonyms: Beejadwaya Subram., Kavaka 5: 97 (1978)Taxon synonyms: Acrosporella Riedl & Ershad, Sydowia 29 (1\u20136): 166 (1977)Taxon synonyms: Azosma Corda, Deutschlands Flora, Abt. III. Die Pilze Deutschlands 3 (12): 35 (1831)Taxon synonyms: Mydonosporium Corda, Deutschl. Flora, III (Pilze): 95 (1833)Taxon synonyms: Myxocladium Corda, Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 1: 12 (1837)Taxon synonyms: Polyrhizium Giard, Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique 20: 217 (1889)Taxon synonyms: Spadicesporium V.N. Boriss. & Dvo\u00efnos, Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii 19: 35 (1982)Taxon synonyms: Sporocladium Chevall., Flore G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Environs de Paris 1: 35 (1826)Taxon synonyms: Davidiella Crous & U. Braun, Mycological Progress 2 (1): 8 (2003)Taxon synonyms: PleosporomycetidaePleosporalesincertae sedisPhoma Sacc., Michelia 2 (6): 4 (1880) [MB#9358]Taxon synonymsChlamydosporium Peyronel, I germi astmosferici dei fungi con micelio: 18 (1913)Leptophoma H\u00f6hn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt. I 124: 73 (1915)Macroplodiella Speg., Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Buenos Aires 17: 134 (1908)Paraphoma Morgan-Jones & J.F. White, Mycotaxon 18 (1): 58 (1983)Phomopsina Petr., Annales Mycologici 20: 145 (1922)Pseudosclerophoma Petr., Annales Mycologici 21 (3\u20134): 283 (1923)Rhizosphaerella H\u00f6hn., Hedwigia 59: 254 (1917) [MB#9729]Sclerophomina H\u00f6hn., Hedwigia 59: 240 (1917)Vialina Curzi, Bolletino della Stazione di Patologia Vegetale di Roma 15: 252 (1935)Peyronellaea Goid., Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei S\u00e9r. 8, 1: 451 (1946)PericoniaceaePericonia Tode, Fungi Mecklenburgenses Selecti 2: 2 (1791)Taxon synonymsHarpocephalum G.F. Atk., Bulletin of the Cornell University (Science) 3 (1): 41 (1897)Pachytrichum Syd., Annales Mycologici 23 (3\u20136): 420 (1925)Sporodum Corda, Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 1: 18 (1837)Trichocephalum Costantin, Revue agric. Sucr. Ile Maurice: 106 (1888)PleosporaceaeAlternaria Nees, System der Pilze und Schw\u00e4mme: 72 (1817)Taxon synonymsEmbellisia E.G. Simmons, Mycologia 63: 380 (1971)Alternaria sect. Embellisia Woudenb. & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 190 (2013)Ulocladium Preuss, Linnaea 24: 111 (1851) [MB#10346]Alternaria sect. Ulocladium Woudenb. & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 205 (2013)Chmelia Svob.-Pol., Biol\u00f3gia Bratislava 21: 82 (1966) [MB#7626]Macrosporium Fr., Systema Mycologicum 3: 373 (1832) [MB#8821]Nimbya E.G. Simmons, Sydowia 41: 316 (1989) [MB#25376]Alternaria sect. Nimbya Woudenb. & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 197 (2013)Allewia E.G. Simmons, Mycotaxon 38: 260 (1990) [MB#25500]Lewia M.E. Barr & E.G. Simmons, Mycotaxon 25 (1): 289 (1986)Elosia Pers., Mycologia Europaea 1: 12 (1822)Prathoda Subram., Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 35 (1): 73 (1956)Rhopalidium Mont., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 6: 30 (1836)Trichoconiella B.L. Jain, Kavaka 3: 39 (1976)Crivellia Shoemaker & Inderbitzin, Canadian Journal of Botany 84 (8): 1308 (2006)Alternaria sect. Crivellia Woudenb. & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 189 (2013)Ybotromyces Rulamort, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Botanique du Centre-Ouest 17: 192 (1986)Chalastospora E.G. Simmons, CBS Biodiversity Series 6: 668 (2007)Alternaria sect. Chalastospora (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 188 (2013)Teretispora E.G. Simmons, CBS Biodiversity Series 6: 674 (2007)Alternaria sect. Teretispora Woudenb. & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 202 (2013)Botryomyces de Hoog & C. Rubio, Sabouraudia 20: 19 (1982)Brachycladium Corda, Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 2: 14 (1838)Sinomyces Yong Wang bis & X.G. Zhang, Fungal Biology 115 (2): 192 (2011)Undifilum B.M. Pryor, Creamer, Shoemaker, McLain-Romero & Hambl., Botany 87 (2): 190 (2009)Alternaria sect. Undifilum Woudenb. & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 206 (2013)EurotiomycetesEurotiomycetidaeEurotialesAspergillaceaeAspergillus P. Micheli ex Haller, Historia stirpium indigenarum Helvetiae inchoata 3: 113 (1768)Taxon synonymsAcmosporium Corda, Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 3: 11 (1839)Alliospora Pim, J. Bot., London: 234 (1883)Basidiella Cooke, Grevillea 6 (39): 118 (1878)Briarea Corda, Deutschlands Flora, Abt. III. Die Pilze Deutschlands 2\u20136: 11 (1831)Cladaspergillus Ritgen, Schr. Marb. Ges.: 89 (1831)Euaspergillus F. Ludw., Lehrbuch der Niederen Kryptogamen: 258 (1892)Gutturomyces Rivolta, Dei Parassiti Vegetali: 579 (1873)Raperia Subram. & Rajendran, Kavaka: 133 (1976)Rhodocephalus Corda, Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 1: 21 (1837)Rhopalocystis Grove, J. Econ. Biol.: 40 (1911)Sceptromyces Corda, Deutschlands Flora, Abt. III. Die Pilze Deutschlands 3 (11): 7 (1831)Aspergillus P. Micheli, Nova Plantarum Genera: 212, t. 92 (1729)Penicillium Link, Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin 3 (1): 16 (1809)Taxon synonymsTorulomyces Delitsch, Ergebnisse der theoretischen und angewandten Mikrobiologie: Band I: Systematik der Schimmelpilze: 91 (1943)Penicillium sect. Torulomyces (Delitsch) Stolk & Samson, Advances in Penicillium and Aspergillus Systematics: 169 (1986)Floccaria Grev., Scott. crypt. fl.: pl. 301 (1827)Moniliger Letell. (1839)Pritzeliella Henn., Beiblatt zur Hedwigia 42: 88 (1903)Walzia Sorokin, Trudy Obshchestva ispytatelei prirody pri Imperatorskom Khar\u2019kovskom universit\u00ea: 47 (1871)"}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Psychiatry 22, 48 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03617-0Following the publication of the original article , the aut1 Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.6 Government College for Women, Maulana Azad Road, Srinagar, J&K, India.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Pan African Medical Journal. 2021; 40: 200. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.200.31525.This Erratum modifies article by Isah Mohammed Bello, Maleghemi Sylvester, Melesachew Ferede, Godwin Ubong Akpan, Ademe Tegegne Ayesheshem, Michael Nzioki Mwanza, Samuel Okiror, Atem Anyuon, Olu Olushayo Oluseun: \u201cReal-time monitoring of a circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak immunization campaign using digital health technologies in South Sudan\u201d and its publication reference i.e. Pan African Medical Journal. 2021;40:200. Access corrected manuscript Pan African Medical Journal. 2020; 40: 200. Access corrected manuscript  The original version of this article  had auth"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Vitaliy Androshchuk. The correct citation is: Seligman H, Zaman S, Pitcher DS, Shun-Shin MJ, Hepworth Lloyd F, Androshchuk V, et al. (2021) Reusable snorkel masks adapted as particulate respirators. PLoS ONE 16(4): e0249201."}
{"text": "Scientifc Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38626-3, published online 07 February 2019Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 32, which was incorrectly given as:Science\u00a0297, 222\u2013226 (2002).Stott, L., Poulsen, C., Lund, S. & Thunell, R. Super ENSO and Global Climate Oscillations at Millennial Time Scales.\u00a0The correct reference is listed below:Nature431, 56\u201359 (2004).Stott, L., Cannariato, K., Thunell, R., Huag, G.H., Koutavas, A. & Lund, S. Decline of surface temperature and salinity in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in the Holocene epoch. The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Ulinastatin alleviates traumatic brain injury by reducing endothelin-1. Transl Neurosci. 2021 Jan 7;12(1):1\u20138. doi: Mai-Tao Zhou: Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China.Ting Liu: Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China.Xing-Zhi Liao: The 904th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, China.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused."}
{"text": "Nature Communications 10.1038/s41467-021-25063-y, published online 23 August 2021.Correction to: The original version of this Article omitted the Acknowledgements: EPSRC Studentship 1801035; EPSRC Grant Nos. EP/P020232/1, EP/L000202, EP/R029431, EP/P020194.This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article."}
{"text": "Article title: Targeting cancer with antibody-drug conjugates: Promises and challengesAuthors: Alexis Q. Dean, Shen Luo, Julianne D. Twomey, and Baolin ZhangJournal: mAbsBibliometrics: Volume 13, 2021, Issue 1DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19420862.2021.1951427It has been noted by the authors that the"}
{"text": "Journal of International Neuropsychopharmacology, 18(7):pyu121.Yang, C., Shirayama, Y., Zhang, J-C., Ren, Q., and Hashimoto, K. (2015) Regional differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and dendritic spine density confer resilience to inescapable stress. A reader noticed that Golgi staining in"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Syeda S. Jesmin. The correct citation is: Khan MMA, Rahman MM, Jesmin SS, Mustagir MG, Haque MR, Kaikobad MS (2020) Psychosocial and socio-environmental factors associated with adolescents\u2019 tobacco and other substance use in Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 15(11): e0242872."}
{"text": "In the original publication, several references were given incorrectly, or missing in the reference list. The correct references are listed below.Under the sub-heading \u201cGenome Editing\u201d, the definition of genome editing in the first sentence is linked to the wrong reference. The correct reference should be:Zhang H, Zhang J, Lang Z et al. (2017) Genome editing\u2014principles and applications for functional genomics research and crop improvement. Crit Rev Plant Sci 36:291\u2013309. 10.1080/07352689.2017.1402989All other corrections refer to Table 1:Joseph et al. (2017) should be replaced with Jarvis et al. (2017). The full reference is:Chenopodium quinoa. Nature 542:307\u2013312. 10.1038/nature213702Jarvis DE, Ho YS, Lightfoot DJ, Schm\u00f6ckel SM et al. (2017) The genome of Yang et al. (2014) should be cited as Yang et al. (2015) and should be referenced as:Vigna angularis) provides insight into high starch and low fat accumulation and domestication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:13213\u201313218. 10.1073/pnas.142094911.Yang K, Tian Z, Chen C, Luo L et al. (2015) Genome sequencing of adzuki bean  should be replaced with Kang et al. (2014). The full reference is:Vigna species. Nat Comm 5(1):1\u20139.Kang YJ, Kim SK, Kim MY, Lestari P et al. (2014) Genome sequence of mungbean and insights into evolution within Pati et al. (2019) should be replaced with Paritosh et al. (2019). The full reference is:Brassica juncea (AABB) elucidates comparative architecture of the A and B genomes. Plant Biotechnol J 19:602\u2013614. 10.1111/pbi.13492.Paritosh K, Yadava SK, Singh P, Bhayana L et al. (2021) A chromosome-scale assembly of allotetraploid The authors wrongfully cited Mayes et al. (2020) in Table 1. This citation should be deleted.The following references were omitted in the reference list despite appearing in Table 1:Jatropha curcas L., a non-edible biodiesel plant, provides a resource to improve seed-related traits. Plant Biotechnol J 17:517\u2013530. 10.1111/pbi.12995.Ha J, Shim S, Lee T, Kang YJ et al. (2019) Genome sequence of Hufnagel B, Marques A, Soriano A, Marqu\u00e8s L et al. (2020) High-quality genome sequence of white lupin provides insight into soil exploration and seed quality. Nat Commun 11:1\u201312. 10.1038/s41467-019-14197-9.Morus alba). Mol Plant 13:1001\u20131012. 10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.005.Jiao F, Luo R, Dai X, Liu H et al. (2020) Chromosome-level reference genome and population genomic analysis provide insights into the evolution and improvement of domesticated mulberry (Vigna umbellata) draft genome sequence: unravelling the late flowering and unpalatability related genomic resources for efficient domestication of this underutilized crop. bioRxiv Prepr 1\u201341. 10.1101/816595.Kaul T, Eswaran M, Thangaraj A, Meyyazhagan A et al. (2019) Rice Bean , the herbal medicine species in China. Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resour 4:2467\u20132468. 10.1080/23802359.2019.1638328.Luo J, Wang Y, Zhao AZJ (2019) The complete chloroplast genome of Sun H, Wu S, Zhang G, Jiao C et al. (2017) Karyotype stability and unbiased fractionation in the paleo-allotetraploid cucurbita genomes. Mol Plant 10:1293\u20131306. 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.003.Momordica charantia), a vegetable and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical regions. DNA Res 24:51\u201358. 10.1093/dnares/dsw047.Urasaki N, Takagi H, Natsume S, Uemura A et al. (2017) Draft genome sequence of bitter gourd  The genome evolution and low-phosphorus adaptation in white lupin. Nat Commun 11:1\u201313. 10.1038/s41467-020-14891-z.Yan L, Lai X, Li X, Wei C, Tan X, Zhang Y (2015) Analyses of the complete genome and gene expression of chloroplast of sweet potato [Ipomoea batata]. PLoS One 10:1\u201325. 10.1371/journal.pone.0124083.Yang J, Liu D, Wang X, Ji C et al. (2016) The genome sequence of allopolyploid Brassica juncea and analysis of differential homoeolog gene expression influencing selection. Nat Genet 48:1225\u20131232. 10.1038/ng.3657.Yang J, Moeinzadeh MH, Kuhl H, Helmuth J et al. (2017) Haplotype-resolved sweet potato genome traces back its hexaploidization history. Nat Plants 3:696\u2013703. 10.1038/s41477-017-0002-z.Yasui Y, Hirakawa H, Ueno M, Matsui K et al. (2016) Assembly of the draft genome of buckwheat and its applications in identifying agronomically useful genes. DNA Res 23:215\u2013224. 10.1093/dnares/dsw012.Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. genome. Mol Ecol Resour 20:511\u2013519. 10.1111/1755-0998.13129.Zhang T, Ren X, Zhang Z, Ming Y et al. (2020) Long-read sequencing and de novo assembly of the Zou C, Li L, Miki D, Li D et al. (2019) The genome of broomcorn millet. Nat Commun 10:1\u201311. 10.1038/s41467-019-08409-5."}
{"text": "Haplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996 is a small genus distributed in the Himalayas that includes two species. This genus has not been found in China .A new species of the genus  Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869 includes 1031 species in 153 genera, with two species in the genus Haplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996: H.himalayana  from the Himalayas and H.nepalensis Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996 from Nepal , stacked with Helicon Focus 6.7.1 and processed in Adobe Photoshop CC 2018.The terminology used in the text and figures follows A, apical keel; ALE, anterior lateral eyes; AME, anterior median eyes; BL, Basal lobe of retrolateral embolus keel; MOA, median ocular area; PLE, posterior lateral eyes; PME, posterior median eyes; PS, prolateral superior keel. The type material is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).Abbreviations: Lin & Lisp. n.E4FCBBD8-D8B7-5DF1-B72E-CF56EEE66F338E5D1B9D-C956-4B10-B7EC-7A41C30208D0Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: individualID: IZCAS-Ar42679; Taxon: scientificName: Haplocosmiasherwoodae; order: Araneae; family: Theraphosidae; genus: Haplocosmia; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Tibet; county: Xigaze; municipality: Nyalam; locality: from Zham to Guomen; verbatimElevation: 2333; verbatimLatitude: 27.9785\u00b0N; verbatimLongitude: 85.9782\u00b0E; Event: year: 2021; month: 6; day: 13; Record Level: institutionCode: IZCASMale  Fig. A\u2013C. CaraMale palpal bulb Fig. A\u2013C. BulbFemale unknown.Haplocosmiasherwoodae sp. n. is found at 2356 m elev., in a higher, more montane environment, close to areas of permanent snowfall.  and the length of embolus base to the width of the bulb being 3:1  .athmandu . The malThe species is named after Miss Danni Sherwood, who confirmed the validity of the new species; noun (name) in genitive case.Known only from the type locality."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Sthefanny Josephine Klein Ottoni Guedes. The correct citation is: Defante Ferreto LE, Guedes SJKO, Braz Pauli F, Soligo Rovani S, An\u00ed Caovilla Follador F, Paula Vieira A, et al. (2021) Seroprevalence and associated factors of HIV and Hepatitis C in Brazilian high-security prisons: A state-wide epidemiological study. PLoS ONE 16(7): e0255173."}
{"text": "NAR Cancer, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2021, zcab009, https://doi.org/10.1093/narcan/zcab009The Authors wish to add new sources of Funding (in bold):"}
{"text": "In the U-ExM resolves the hemispindles and reveals a distinct organisation of subpellicular microtubules in P. falciparum and P. berghei schizonts subsection of the Results, two references are omitted from the fifth sentence of the second paragraph.The correct sentence is: To ascertain that the observed structures corresponded to subpellicular microtubules, we labelled proteins of expanded parasites in bulk with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester-dye conjugates, which bind to amines as previously described  .The references are:M\u2019Saad O, Bewersdorf J. Light microscopy of proteins in their ultrastructural context. Nat Commun. 2020;11: 1\u201315. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17523-8Mao C, Lee MY, Jhan J-R, Halpern AR, Woodworth MA, Glaser AK, et al. Feature-rich covalent stains for super-resolution and cleared tissue fluorescence microscopy. Sci Adv. 2020;6: eaba4542. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba4542"}
{"text": "Blocking IL-17A enhances tumor response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9:e001895. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001895.Liu C, Liu R, Wang B, This article has been corrected since it first published. The provenance and peer review statement has been added."}
{"text": "Light: Science & ApplicationsCorrection to: 10.1038/s41377-021-00512-x, published online 07 April 2021Iksung Kang, Alexandre Goy, George BarbastathisWe are correcting Eq. (8) on p. 16 and Eq. (10) on p. 17, which were inadvertently missing sigmoid functions (Eq. (8) should be corrected as:https://github.com/iksungk.The code is publicly available at The original article has been updated."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Health Serv Res 22, 244 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07643-wFollowing publication of the original article , an erroOriginally this reference was included as: Schwerdtner N, Dietsch S, Trommer S, Weise A. Infektionspr\u00e4vention/ Herausforderung MRE in au\u00dferklinischen Intensivpfege-WGs [Infection prevention/ challenge of MDRO in outpatient intensive care fat-sharing communities]. Das Gesundheitswesen. 2019;81(03):P18.Reference 27 needs to be corrected to: Schwerdtner N-L, Trommer S, Dietsch S, Stein C, Weise A, Popp A, Kipp F. Herausforderungen im Umgang mit MRE in au\u00dferklinischen Intensivpflege-Wohngemeinschaften. Erfahrungsbericht und Ergebnisse einer Pr\u00e4valenzerhebung zu multiresistenten Erregern im Stadtgebiet Jena. Epid Bull. 2020;37:3\u201311. 10.25646/7042.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Characterize formal informatics methods and approaches for enabling reproducible translational research. Education of reproducible methods to translational researchers and informaticians. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We performed a scoping review [1] of selected informatics literature  from PubMed and Scopus. In addition we reviewed literature and documentation of translational research informatics projects [4\u201321] at the University of Utah. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The example informatics projects we identified in our literature covered a broad spectrum of translational research. These include research recruitment, research data requisition, study design and statistical analysis, biomedical vocabularies and metadata for data integration, data provenance and quality, and uncertainty. Elements impacting reproducibility of research include (1) Research Data: its semantics, quality, metadata and provenance; and (2) Research Processes: study conduct including activities and interventions undertaken, collections of biospecimens and data, and data integration. The informatics methods and approaches we identified as enablers of reproducibility include the use of templates, management of workflows and processes, scalable methods for managing data, metadata and semantics, appropriate software architectures and containerization, convergence methods and uncertainty quantification. In addition these methods need to be open and shareable and should be quantifiable to measure their ability to achieve reproducibility. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The ability to collect large volumes of data collection has ballooned in nearly every area of science, while the ability to capturing research processes hasn\u2019t kept with this pace. Potential for problematic research practices and irreproducible results are concerns.Reproducibility is a core essentially of translational research. Translational research informatics provides methods and means for enabling reproducibility and FAIRness [22] in translational research. In addition there is a need for translational informatics itself to be reproducible to make research reproducible so that methods developed for one study or biomedical domain can be applied elsewhere. Such informatics research and development requires a mindset for meta-research [23].The informatics methods we identified covers the spectrum of reproducibility  and across different levels of reproducibility  [24\u201329]. While there are existing and ongoing efforts in developing informatics methods for translational research reproducibility in Utah and elsewhere, there is a need to further develop formal informatics methods and approaches: the Informatics of Research Reproducibility.In this presentation, we summarize the studies and literature we identified and discuss our key findings and gaps in informatics methods for research reproducibility. We conclude by discussing how we are covering these topics in a translational research informatics course.Pham MT, Raji\u0107 A, Greig JD, Sargeant JM, Papadopoulos A, McEwen SA. A scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency. Res Synth Methods. 2014 Dec;5(4):371\u201385.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5604503/McIntosh LD, Juehne A, Vitale CRH, Liu X, Alcoser R, Lukas JC, Evanoff B. Repeat: a framework to assess empirical reproducibility in biomedical research. BMC Med Res Methodol [Internet]. 2017 Sep 18 [cited 2018 Nov 30];17. Available from: Denaxas S, Direk K, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Pikoula M, Cakiroglu A, Moore J, Hemingway H, Smeeth L. Methods for enhancing the reproducibility of biomedical research findings using electronic health records. BioData Min. 2017;10:31.http://www.intlexposurescience.org/ISES2017Burnett N, Gouripeddi R, Wen J, Mo P, Madsen R, Butcher R, Sward K, Facelli JC. Harmonization of Sensor Metadata and Measurements to Support Exposomic Research. In: 2016 International Society of Exposure Science [Internet]. Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; 2017 [cited 2017 Jun 17]. Available from: Butcher R, Gouripeddi RK, Madsen R, Mo P, LaSalle B. CCTS Biomedical Informatics Core Research Data Service. In Salt Lake City; 2016.//campusguides.lib.utah.edu/UtahRR16/abstractsCummins M, Gouripeddi R, Facelli J. A low-cost, low-barrier clinical trials registry to support effective recruitment. In Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; 2016 [cited 2018 Nov 30]. Available from: //campusguides.lib.utah.edu/UtahRR16/abstractsGouripeddi R, Warner P, Madsen R, Mo P, Burnett N, Wen J, Lund A, Butcher R, Cummins MR, Facelli J, Sward K. An Infrastructure for Reproducibile Exposomic Research. In: Research Reproducibility 2016 [Internet]. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; 2016 [cited 2018 Nov 30]. Available from: Eilbeck K, Lewis SE, Mungall CJ, Yandell M, Stein L, Durbin R, Ashburner M. The Sequence Ontology: a tool for the unification of genome annotations. Genome Biol. 2005;6:R44.Gouripeddi R, Cummins M, Madsen R, LaSalle B, Redd AM, Presson AP, Ye X, Facelli JC, Green T, Harper S. Streamlining study design and statistical analysis for quality improvement and research reproducibility. J Clin Transl Sci. 2017 Sep;1(S1):18\u20139.https://zenodo.org/record/168067Gouripeddi R, Eilbeck K, Cummins M, Sward K, LaSalle B, Peterson K, Madsen R, Warner P, Dere W, Facelli JC. A Conceptual Architecture for Reproducible On-demand Data Integration for Complex Diseases. In: Research Reproducibility 2016 (UtahRR16) [Internet]. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; 2016 [cited 2017 Apr 25]. Available from: Gouripeddi R, Lane E, Madsen R, Butcher R, LaSalle B, Sward K, Fritz J, Facelli JC, Cummins M, Shao J, Singleton R. Towards a scalable informatics platform for enhancing accrual into clinical research studies. J Clin Transl Sci. 2017 Sep;1(S1):20\u201320.https://zenodo.org/record/1226602#.WtvvyZch270Gouripeddi R, Deka R, Reese T, Butcher R, Martin B, Talbert J, LaSalle B, Facelli J, Brixner D. Reproducibility of Electronic Health Record Research Data Requests. In Washington, DC, USA; 2018 [cited 2018 Apr 21]. Available from: https://zenodo.org/record/167885Gouripeddi R, Mo P, Madsen R, Warner P, Butcher R, Wen J, Shao J, Burnett N, Rajan NS, LaSalle B, Facelli JC. A Framework for Metadata Management and Automated Discovery for Heterogeneous Data Integration. In: 2016 BD2K All Hands Meeting [Internet]. Bethesda, MD; November 29-30 [cited 2017 Apr 25]. Available from: //campusguides.lib.utah.edu/UtahRR18/abstractsGroat D, Gouripeddi R, Lin YK, Dere W, Murray M, Madsen R, Gestaland P, Facelli J. Identification of High-Level Formalisms that Support Translational Research Reproducibility. In: Research Reproducibility 2018 [Internet]. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; 2018 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: Huser V, Kahn MG, Brown JS, Gouripeddi R. Methods for examining data quality in healthcare integrated data repositories. Pac Symp Biocomput Pac Symp Biocomput. 2018;23:628\u201333.//campusguides.lib.utah.edu/UtahRR18/abstractsLund A, Gouripeddi R, Burnett N, Tran L-T, Mo P, Madsen R, Cummins M, Sward K, Facelli J. Enabling Reproducible Computational Modeling: The Utah PRISMS Ecosystem. In Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; 2018 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: Pflieger LT, Mason CC, Facelli JC. Uncertainty quantification in breast cancer risk prediction models using self-reported family health history. J Clin Transl Sci. 2017 Feb;1(1):53\u20139.//campusguides.lib.utah.edu/UtahRR18/abstractsShao J, Gouripeddi R, Facelli J. Improving Clinical Trial Research Reproducibility using Reproducible Informatics Methods. In Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; 2018 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: ClincalTrials.gov and patient notes from MIMIC-III. J Clin Transl Sci. 2017 Sep;1(S1):12\u201312.Shao J, Gouripeddi R, Facelli JC. Semantic characterization of clinical trial descriptions from http://www.eiseverywhere.com/ehome/294696/638649/?&t=8c531cecd4bb0a5efc6a0045f5bec0c3Tiase V, Gouripeddi R, Burnett N, Butcher R, Mo P, Cummins M, Sward K. Advancing Study Metadata Models to Support an Exposomic Informatics Infrastructure. In Ottawa, Canada; 2018 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: = https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-10-6451-7_8Wen J, Gouripeddi R, Facelli JC. Metadata Discovery of Heterogeneous Biomedical Datasets Using Token-Based Features. In: IT Convergence and Security 2017 [Internet]. Springer, Singapore; 2017 [cited 2017 Sep 6]. p. 60\u20137. . Available from: Wilkinson MD, Dumontier M, Aalbersberg IjJ, Appleton G, Axton M, Baak A, Blomberg N, Boiten J-W, da Silva Santos LB, Bourne PE, Bouwman J, Brookes AJ, Clark T, Crosas M, Dillo I, Dumon O, Edmunds S, Evelo CT, Finkers R, Gonzalez-Beltran A, Gray AJG, Groth P, Goble C, Grethe JS, Heringa J, \u2019t Hoen PAC, Hooft R, Kuhn T, Kok R, Kok J, Lusher SJ, Martone ME, Mons A, Packer AL, Persson B, Rocca-Serra P, Roos M, van Schaik R, Sansone S-A, Schultes E, Sengstag T, Slater T, Strawn G, Swertz MA, Thompson M, van der Lei J, van Mulligen E, Velterop J, Waagmeester A, Wittenburg P, Wolstencroft K, Zhao J, Mons B. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci Data. 2016 Mar 15;3:160018.Ioannidis JPA. Meta-research: Why research on research matters. PLOS Biol. 2018 Mar 13;16(3):e2005468.Stodden V, Borwein J, Bailey DH. Setting the default to reproducible. Comput Sci Res SIAM News. 2013;46(5):4\u20136.Stodden V, McNutt M, Bailey DH, Deelman E, Gil Y, Hanson B, Heroux MA, Ioannidis JPA, Taufer M. Enhancing reproducibility for computational methods. Science. 2016 Dec 9;354(6317):1240\u20131.Stodden V, McNutt M, Bailey DH, Deelman E, Gil Y, Hanson B, Heroux MA, Ioannidis JPA, Taufer M. Enhancing reproducibility for computational methods. Science. 2016 Dec 9;354(6317):1240\u20131.Stodden V. Reproducible Research for Scientific Computing: Tools and Strategies for Changing the Culture. Comput Sci Eng. 2012 Jul 1;14(4):13\u20137.http://www.nature.com/news/muddled-meanings-hamper-efforts-to-fix-reproducibility-crisis-1.20076Baker M. Muddled meanings hamper efforts to fix reproducibility crisis. Nat News Available from: http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.03311Barba LA. Terminologies for Reproducible Research. ArXiv180203311 Cs 2018 Feb 9; Available from:"}
{"text": "It is located in the Western South China Sea and belongs to the tropical ocean monsoon climate zone. Yongxing Island is quite rich in biological resources, for example, plants and birds which have been well documented. However, there are limited reports on spider resources in Yongxing Island.Yongxing Island , Opopaea apicalis , Opopaea deserticola Simon, 1891 and Xyphinus baehrae Kranz-Baltensperger, 2014 were firstly reported from China, for which we provide taxonomic description in this paper.A preliminary checklist of spiders of the Yongxing Island is provided, based on a short-term study undertaken in January 2008. A total of 23 species, belonging to 21 genera and 11 families, were recorded from the area, which forms baseline information of spiders of the Yongxing Island. Amongst these, Oonopidae, Pholcidae, Araneidae and Salticidae were found to have more species in the area.  Occurrence: recordedBy: Shuqiang Li; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Brignolia parumpunctata ; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Oonopidae; genus: Brignolia; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Hainan; county: Yongxing; decimalLatitude: 16.833; decimalLongitude: 112.333; Identification: identifiedBy: Jiaxin Tang; identificationReferences: Platnick et al., 2011 & Ranasinghe & Benjamin, 2016; Event: year: 2008; month: 1; day: 13\u201319Male. Measurements (in mm): Body length 1.28; carapace 0.70 length, 0.55 width; abdomen 0.85 length, 0.60 width. Leg measurements: I 2.03 , II 1.76 , III 1.65 , IV 1.69 . Leg formula: 1 > 2 > 4 > 3.Cephalothorax. Carapace and sternum yellow; legs and abdomen pale yellow; chelicerae brownish-yellow. Sides of carapace with finely longitudinal striae; dorsal area smooth with some mesially pointing hairs at lateral edges. Eyes six in two rows, rather large, nearly equally-sized; posterior eyes in a straight row, touching each other Fig. A. Base oLegs. Leg with distinct hairs: femur with a row of short ventral setae, 2 prolateral setae; patella without setae; tibia with 2 prolateral setae, 1 retrolateral seta and 1\u20132 trichobothria; metatarsus with 2 long dorsal setae.Abdomen. Dorsal scutum oval-shaped, covering nearly whole abdomen. Lobes on anterolateral corners of petiolar tube distinct, ridges developed, but without forming a scutal cove.Male palp. Palp Fig. A, B minuFemale.As in male, except as noted. Slightly larger than male. Measurements (in mm): Body length 1.34; carapace 0.65 length, 0.50 width; abdomen 1.00 length, 0.70 width. Leg measurements: I 1.61 , II 1.61 , III 1.43 , IV 1.91 .Epigynum. Genital area with a small knoblike projection, most of which showing inverted V-shaped ridges Fig. D, a few America, Australia, China (new record), Gambia, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Pacific Is., Philippines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Yemen.89E23A08-4001-52BE-9092-4C79D95C263EType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Shuqiang Li; individualCount: 13; sex: 2 males, 11 females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Opopaea apicalis ; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Onopidae; genus: Opopaea; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Hainan; county: Yongxing; decimalLatitude: 16.833; decimalLongitude: 112.333; Identification: identifiedBy: Jiaxin Tang; identificationReferences: Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2009; Event: year: 2008; month: 1; day: 13\u201319Male. Measurements (in mm): Body length 1.35; carapace 0.60 length, 0.40 width; abdomen 0.70 length, 0.35 width. Leg measurements: I 2.15 , II 1.70 , III 1.01 , IV 1.75 . Leg formula: 1 > 4> 2 > 3.Cephalothorax. Sides of carapace yellowish-brown; dorsally yellow; chelicerae, sternum yellow; legs and abdomen light yellow. Carapace with a dark brown patch behind eyes, dorsally with a few rows of short hairs. Sides of carapace with finely longitudinal striae. Eyes six in two rows, rather large, nearly equally-sized, ALE slightly separated, touching posterior lateral eyes; posterior eyes in procurved row, touching each other Fig. A and C. Legs. Leg I: femur with a row of dorsal setae, 3 retrolateral setae; patella without setae; tibia with a ventral seta; tarsus with distinct strong setae. Leg II, III and IV similar to leg I.Abdomen. Dorsal scutum oval-shaped, covering nearly entire abdominal length. Lobes on anterolateral corners of petiolar tube distinct, ridges developed, but without forming a scutal cove; opercula small, oval-shaped. Sperm pore clearly discernible, transverse.Male palp. Patella of palp Fig. A and B sFemale. As in male, except as noted. Slightly larger than male. Measurements (in mm): Body length 1.35\u20131.45; carapace 0.40\u20130.60 length, 0.35\u20130.40 width; abdomen 0.50\u20130.65 length, 0.40\u20130.45 width. Leg measurements: I 1.88 , II 1.50 , III 1.38 , IV 1.79 .Epigynum. Postgynal depression of epigastric area shallow, with inverted V-shaped sclerotisation situated posterior to epigastric furrow; parmula black, small Fig. D and E.China (new record), Ecuador, Indonesia, Mexico, Pacific Is., Panama, Philippines, Seychelles, Thailand, USA.Simon,89106A992E2-57F7-554E-B855-72A7EDBD6A13Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Shuqinag Li; individualCount: 3; sex: 1 male, 2 females; lifeStage: adults; Taxon: scientificName: Opopaea deserticola Simon,1891; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Oonopidae; genus: Opopaea; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Hainan; county: Yongxing; decimalLatitude: 16.833; decimalLongitude: 112.333; Identification: identifiedBy: Jiaixn Tang; identificationReferences: Saaristo, 2001; Event: year: 2008; month: 1; day: 13\u201319Male. Measurements (in mm): Body length 1.45; carapace 0.65 length, 0.60 width; abdomen 0.90 length, 0.70 width. Leg measurements: I 2.14 , II 1.56 , III 1.98 , IV 1.84 . Leg formula: 1> 3 > 4 > 2.Cephalothorax. Sides of carapace yellowish-brown; dorsally deep yellow; scutum yellow; chelicerae, sternum, legs and ventral scutum yellow. Sides of carapace with finely longitudinal striae; dorsal area smooth with some mesially pointing hairs at lateral edges. Eyes rather large, PLE relatively smaller; compactly arranged, ALE slightly separated, touching posterior lateral eyes; posterior eyes in slightly recurved row, touching each other Fig. Legs. Leg I: femur smooth, with some hairs; patella with a ventral seta; tibia with distinct hairs, a row of ventral setae and 2\u20133 trichobothria; tarsus with distinct strong setae. Leg II, III and IV similar to leg I, except femur II with a ventral setae.Abdomen. Dorsal scutum oval-shaped, covering nearly entirely abdominal length. Lobes on anterolateral corners of petiolar tube distinct, ridges developed, forming a scutal cove.Male palp Fig. A and B. Female. As in male, except as noted. Measurements (in mm): Body length 1.65\u20131.70; carapace 0.70\u20130.74 length, 0.60\u20130.65 width; abdomen 1.00\u20131.30 length, 0.70\u20130.80 width. Leg measurements: I 2.00 , II 1.80 , III 1.70 , IV 2.15 .Epigynum. Postgynal depression of epigastric area shallow; parmula black Fig. D and E.Brazil, Caribbean, China (new record), Germany, Japan, Middle East, Pacific Is., Philippines, Spain, USA to Panama, Venezuela.Kranz-Baltensperger, 2014C6D35EB9-DB4F-5E52-9330-7D8E0F3F07C7Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Shuqiang Li; individualCount: 4; sex: 1 male, 3 females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Xyphinus baehrae Kranz-Baltensperger, 2014; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Onopidae; genus: Xyphinus; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Hainan; county: Yongxing; decimalLatitude: 16.833; decimalLongitude: 112.333; Identification: identifiedBy: Jiaixn Tang; identificationReferences: Kranz-Baltensperger, 2014; Event: year: 2008; month: 1; day: 13\u201319Male. Measurements (in mm): Body length 1.30; carapace 0.70 length, 0.50 width; abdomen 1.00 length, 0.50 width. Leg measurements: I 2.73 , II 2.55 , III 2.35 , IV 3.17 . Leg formula: 4> 1 > 2 > 3.Cephalothorax. Carapace yellow-grey; chelicerae yellow to brownish-yellow; sternum yellow; legs and abdomen light yellow. Sides of carapace with reticulate veins, dorsal area without hairs. Margin of carapace without distinct setae or denticle. Eyes six in two rows, rather large, nearly equally-sized, compactly arranged, ALE slightly separated, posterior eyes in slightly retrocurved row, touching each other Fig. A and, C.Legs. Leg I: femur with 2 rows of setae; patella without setae; tibia with 2 ventral setae, 2 dorsal setae and a dorsal trichobothrium; tarsus without setae. Leg II, III and IV similar to leg I.Abdomen. Dorsal scutum oval-shaped, covering nearly entirely abdominal length. Lobes on anterolateral corners of petiolar tube distinct, ridges developed, but without forming a scutal cove; opercula large, oval-shaped.Male palp. Cymbium separated from bulb, with two robust spurs. Bulb with numerous membranous outgrowths on terminal part Fig. A, B.Female. As in male, except as noted. Tibiae with three trichobothria. Measurements (in mm): Body length 1.75\u20131.90; carapace 0.78\u20130.90 length, 0.65\u20130.70 width; abdomen 1.10\u20131.35 length, 0.45\u20130.60 width. Leg measurements: I 2.33 , II 4.48 , III 2.01 , IV 2.80 .Epigynum. Postgynal depression of epigastric area shallow. An arc process visible originating from near the middle of epigastric sulcus Fig. F and G.India to Australia.China (new record),Thorell, 189105DE6ECF-6BE6-56B5-825F-88B030F520B3Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: female; Taxon: family: Araneidaesee Levi (1983)C. L. Koch, 1837497000D3-7B38-500A-83A9-3D39BAB98542Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Araneidaesee Williams (2017)969D935E-82B9-5A35-9B23-1F8999B4D513Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Araneidaesee Emerit (1974)9E461BA9-F17E-5DCD-9A94-7C501CD9998AType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Gnaphosidaesee Ponomarev and Shmatko (2020)CFF3C302-2FF2-57A6-8964-6DF107D057FCType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: male; Taxon: family: Lycosidaesee Kronestedt and Zyuzin (2009)46794BEF-6CE8-564E-B93E-02AA5B18CC98Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Onopidaesee Ranasinghe and Benjamin (2016)9E4911DC-C9E4-5C2E-9479-CBEDAA697B53Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 13; sex: 2 males, 11 females; Taxon: family: Onopidaesee Platnick and Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9 (2009)Simon, 18913DBC124B-1AC9-57EC-B387-16ECF6989652Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3; sex: 1 male, 2 females; Taxon: family: Onopidaesee Saaristo (2001)Kranz-Baltensperger, 201409040ADF-81A7-5ED4-9C9B-9F67C721C17BType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Onopidaesee Kranz-Baltensperger (2014)Thorell, 18875E359C47-A831-522B-BB73-2168680772D8Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Oxyopidaesee Sherriffs (1951)Walckenaer, 18376B4D5570-944A-5706-B31A-1A93F6EF6E2CType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Pholcidaesee Gao and Li (2010)Gertsch, 193797BE3AAD-0C1A-5946-B86D-48EF0C0DFFA7Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Pholcidaesee Zhang and Zhu (2009)Zhu and Song, 199995E583BC-335C-543B-B2DF-347A882AC5F4Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Pholcidaesee Yao and Li (2012)1A4DA0EE-5961-57A4-9B63-EC3063D3D27EType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Pholcidaesee Saaristo (1978)77A251BF-CA91-5922-ABFE-299A98A6EFD2Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Salticidaesee Yin and Wang (1979)D6725B3D-7CB7-552D-8AFD-8CABCF27B3D9Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: female; Taxon: family: Salticidaesee Pr\u00f3szy\u0144ski (2017)C26D2CA7-876B-5FEB-8CB1-8934A1211022Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Salticidaesee \u017babka (1985)L. Koch, 187202711708-40F4-51BC-9770-6A8F37F7D973Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Scytodidaesee Kim and Lee (2018)O. P.-Cambridge, 1880B0A4F45E-3DA5-5B64-8267-ADC68E5803C9Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Theridiidaesee Zhu and Song (1991)E1AD7AB8-6FF4-57A5-9A7F-D278DFF633DEType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Theridiidaesee Yoshida (1993)O. P.-Cambridge, 18829E3388AE-9119-52D3-AAC4-8E8D9D8457A3Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Theridiidaesee Amalin and Barrion (1990)065FB1B7-3AFC-5A76-9E03-E4432CF1527DType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: female; Taxon: family: Uloboridaesee Kim and Lee (2013)A3A33973-C548-55E1-AAD7-CCC879637696Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: family: Zodariidaesee Lin and Li (2009)"}
{"text": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis 14(6): e0008414. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008414The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Leonardo Moro Cariste. The correct citation is: Pontes Ferreira C, Moro Cariste L, Henrique Noronha I, Fernandes Durso D, Lannes-Vieira J, Ramalho Bortoluci K, et al. (2020) CXCR3 chemokine receptor contributes to specific CD8"}
{"text": "Retraction Note: Mol Neurodegener 16, 26 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-021-00438-3The authors have retracted this article because concerns have been raised regarding the data presented in Fig. 9. The authors are collecting new data and intend to submit a new manuscript for peer review in due course.Authors Shaowei Wang, Boyang Li, Victoria Solomon, Alfred Fonteh, Stanley I. Rapoport, David A. Bennett, Zoe Arvanitakis, Helena C. Chui, Patrick M. Sullivan, Hoau-Yan Wang & Hussein N. Yassine agree to this retraction.Author Carol Miller has not responded to any correspondence from the editor or publisher about this retraction."}
{"text": "Article title: Oral shedding of human herpesviruses in patients undergoing radiotherapy/chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is not affected by xerostomiaAuthors: Palmieri M, Ornaghi M, Martins VAO, Corr\u00eaa L, Brandao TB, Ribeiro ACP, Sumita LM, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Pannuti CS and Braz-Silva P.Journal: Journal of Oral MicrobiologyBibliometrics: Volume 10, Number 1, pages 1\u20139DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1476643The above article was temporarily published incorrectly in issue 12-01 and that it has now been correctly placed within issue 10-01."}
{"text": "Thelcticopis is a type of spider that is very difficult to collect. In 2018, we collected two huntsman spiders in Guangxi. After comparison with other Thelcticopis species, such as anterior median eye larger than other eyes, they were found to belong to the genus of Thelcticopis.Due to its special ways of hiding and lifestyle, Thelcticopis species are reported from China, T.severa , T.zhengi Liu, Li & J\u00e4ger, 2010, T.dahanensis Zhu & Zhong, 2020 and T.unciformis Zhu & Zhong, 2020. They are mainly distributed in the tropical or subtropical areas of China . In this paper, we diagnose and describe a new species, Thelcticopispinmini sp. nov., which was collected from Guangxi Province, China.Currently, four  Thelcticopis Karsch, 1884 belongs to the subfamliy Sparianthinae Simon, 1897 of the family Sparassidae Bertkau, 1872 , mounted on an Olympus SZX12 dissecting microscope and assembled using Helicon Focus 7.0 image stacking software. Photographic images were then edited, using Adobe Photoshop CC 2015. Most of the hairs and macrosetae were generally not identified in the palp and epigyne drawings. All specimens are deposited in the Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China (CBEE).Leg measurements in mm are shown as: total length . Number of spines is listed for each segment in the following order: prolateral, dorsal, retrolateral, ventral . Abbreviations: C = conductor; dRTA = dorsal branch of RTA; E = embolus; EA = embolic apophysis; FD = fertilisation duct; TA = tegular apophysis; MS = median septum; mRTA = median branch of RTA; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; SP = spermophore; vRTA = ventral branch of RTA.Cai & Zhongsp. n.66F26A9B-CD33-5B65-AE25-58E4AB6444D1AA1AE18F-9E99-4824-8CAF-8E70361DA535Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Pinmin Li; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; reproductiveCondition: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Thelcticopispinmini sp. nov.; order: Araneae; family: Sparassdiae; genus: Thelcticopis; Location: continent: Asian; country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Guangxi; county: Fusui; locality: Liuqiao Town; decimalLatitude: -22.31; decimalLongitude: -107.71; Identification: identifiedBy: Yang Zhong; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; year: 2018; month: 12; day: 7Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Pinmin Li; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: adult; reproductiveCondition: in ethyl alcohol; Taxon: scientificName: Thelcticopispinmini sp. nov.; order: Araneae; family: Sparassdiae; genus: Thelcticopis; Location: continent: Asian; country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Guangxi; county: Fusui; locality: Liuqiao Town; decimalLatitude: -22.31; decimalLongitude: -107.71; Identification: identifiedBy: Yang Zhong; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; year: 2018; month: 12; day: 7Male. PL 3.5, PW 3.6, AW 1.6, OL 2.8, OW 2.6. Eyes: AME 0.24, ALE 0.13, PME 0.13, PLE 0.16, AME\u2013AME 0.22, AME\u2013ALE 0.23, PME\u2013PME 0.46, PME\u2013PLE 0.32, AME\u2013PME 0.19, ALE\u2013PLE 0.09, CH AME 0.10, CH ALE 0.22. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 0002; Fe: I 210, II\u2013IV 311; Pa: I\u2013IV 000; Ti: I\u2013II 2028, III\u2013IV 2026; Mt: I\u2013II 0002, III\u2013IV 2024. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 5.4 , I 11.7 , II 12.7 , III 10.4 , IV 10.1 . Leg formula: 2-1-3-4. Cheliceral furrow with three anterior and three posterior teeth, without denticles , I 8.9 , II 9.6 , III 8.4 , IV 8.7 . Leg formula: 2-1-4-3. Cheliceral furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth, without denticles ; 2, anterior part of internal duct system touching each other and distinctly narrower than posterior part .Male of this species can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by its palps with embolic apophysis and embolus distally with an obvious crack Fig. A-B. Fema2009 see D and ini2009 see E, but caThe specific name is dedicated to Mr Pinmin Li for his kind instructions on our collection of huntsman spiders; name in the genitive case.Known only from the type locality Fig. ."}
{"text": "BRAAVE 2020 demonstrated the efficacy of switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) among African American adults with suppressed HIV through Week (W) 48 . We present resistance, viral blips, adherence, and virologic outcomes through W72.Figure 1. BRAAVE 2020 study design  and virologic suppression at weeks 24 and 48*Allowed 3rd agents: any FDA-approved protease inhibitor, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (except etravirine), integrase strand transfer inhibitor (except bictegravir), or maraviroc.Enrollment criteria permitted NNRTI resistance (-R), PI-R, and certain NRTI-R  and excluded known primary INSTI-R. Preexisting drug resistance was assessed with historical genotypes and retrospective baseline proviral DNA genotyping. Adherence was calculated by pill count. Viral blips (transient HIV-1 RNA \u226550 copies/mL) and outcomes based on last available on-treatment HIV-1 RNA were assessed.489 participants received B/F/TAF and had \u22651 post-switch HIV-1 RNA measurement. Baseline genotypic data from cumulative historical and/or proviral genotypes were available for 96% (468/489) in protease/reverse transcriptase and 93% (453/489) in integrase. Preexisting NRTI-R, M184V/I, \u22651 TAMs, NNRTI-R, and PI-R were observed in 15% (68/468), 11% (50/468), 8% (36/468), 22% (101/468), and 13% (61/468), respectively. Primary INSTI-R was detected post-randomization in 2% (11/453); all remained in the study and were included in efficacy analyses. Through W72, 99% (486/489) of participants had HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at their last study visit, including all with baseline NRTI-R or INSTI-R . Mean frequency of viral blips was 1% per timepoint, and blips were not associated with virologic failure. 112 participants (23%) had < 95% adherence by pill count, 98% (110/112) of whom had HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at last visit, including 14 of 14 (100%) with < 80% adherence. No participant discontinued due to lack of efficacy or had treatment emergent resistance to study drugs.Figure 2. Virologic suppression by preexisting resistance, viral blips, and adherenceVirologic suppression was maintained through W72 of B/F/TAF treatment, including those with preexisting resistance, viral blips, and suboptimal adherence. Continued HIV suppression and absence of treatment-emergent resistance demonstrate the efficacy of B/F/TAF in African Americans regardless of adherence or preexisting resistance to NNRTIs, PIs, or non-tenofovir NRTIs.Kristen Andreatta, MSc, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Michelle L. D'Antoni, PhD, Gilead Sciences Gilead Sciences, Inc  Silvia Chang, Masters, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Aiyappa Parvangada, MS Computational Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Ross Martin, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Christiana Blair, MS, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Sean E. Collins, MD, MS, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Kirsten L. White, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc"}
{"text": "Anufrievia Dworakowska, 1970 includes 33 species and is widely distributed in China, Korea, South Korea, Japan, Nepal, India, Thailand and Vietnam.The leafhopper genus A.crispatasp. nov. and A.confluensasp. nov. A key to distinguish the Chinese species of the genus is given.Two new species found at Bijie City and Shibing County, Guizhou Province, China are described and illustrated,  Anufrievia Dworakowska, 1970 belongs to the tribe Erythroneurini of Typhlocybinae, with Anufrieviarolikae Dworakowska, 1970 as its type species . Vertex anterior margin with minute paired black spots. Male anteclypeus narrow and flat, greyish, brown or black. Pronotum pale, scutellum with dark lateral triangles. Forewing with 4th apical cell small, not reaching apex of forewing, 2nd apical cell nearly rectangular and 1st apical cell broad. Hind wing venation follows typical schemes for Erythroneurini taxa. Abdominal apodemes small and narrow, extended dorsomesad.The characteristics of Male pygofer lobe with hind margin sleeked or truncated slightly, basal lateral angle usually with macrosetae, sometimes absent and scattered a few fine setae in outer lateral surface. Pygofer dorsal appendage articulated to pygofer lobe with ventral appendage absent. Subgenital plate with some macrosetae in mid-ventral part, broad basally and sometimes terminal half tapering abruptly; row of stout setae along upper margin from sub-base to apex. Apex of style pointed, bifid, foot-shaped or otherwise modified. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme well developed; aedeagal shaft tubular; gonopore sub-basal to subapical on ventral surface. Connective lateral arms long, Y- or V-shaped.All specimens in this study were collected by the sweeping-net method. Morphological terminology used follows AFC89331-A7C4-5004-B3A4-3670E20763836C5F6BDB-CDAB-4407-857F-72CF40893FF7Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Anufrieviacrispata; order: Hemiptera; family: Cicadellidae; genus: Anufrievia; specificEpithet: crispata; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; locality: Bijie City, Qixinguan District, Salaxi Town; locationRemarks: label transliteration: \"Guizhou, Bijie, 24. 10. 2019, coll. Zhouwei Yuan and Xiao Yang\"; Record Level: collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 4; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Anufrieviacrispata; order: Hemiptera; family: Cicadellidae; genus: Anufrievia; specificEpithet: crispata; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; locality: Bijie City, Qixinguan District, Salaxi Town; locationRemarks: label transliteration: \"Guizhou, Bijie, 24.10. 2019, coll. Zhouwei Yuan and Xiao Yang\"; Record Level: collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenth sternite . Body yellowish. Vertex brownish-yellow, with pair of small dark brown apical spots Fig. A and C. ite Fig. A.Male genitalia. Pygofer lobe broad, with dense microsetae near dorso-caudal margin and several peg-like setae on outer surface (Fig. ace Fig. B. Pygofeace Fig. C. Subgenace Fig. D. Style ace Fig. E. Aedeagace Fig. F and G. ace Fig. H.confluensus\u201d, referring to the connective stem fused with a long process (Fig. The new species is named from the Latin word \u201cess Fig. H.A.akazu (This species is similar to A.akazu , but can"}
{"text": "Correction to: Psicol Refl Cr\u00edt 34, 17 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-021-00184-xFollowing publication of the original article (da Silva et al. The updated Keywords section is given below, and the original article (da Silva et al. KeywordsJuvenile offenders, Depression, Anxiety, Drug abuse, Mental health"}
{"text": "Reference to original study: Walter P, Hellmich M, Baumgarten S, Schiller P, Limburg E, Agostini H et al. Vitrectomy with and without encircling band for pseudophakic retinal detachment: VIPER Study Report No 2-main results. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 101(6):712-718."}
{"text": "J Immunother Cancer 2021;9:e002591. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002591Koyama S, Nishikawa H. Mechanisms of regulatory T cell infiltration in tumors: implications for innovative immune precision therapies. This paper has been updated to amend author order."}
{"text": "Clinical outcomes of breakthrough COVID-19 after booster vaccination in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. RMD Open 2022;8:e002279. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002279Fragoulis GE, Karamanakos A, Arida A, This article has been corrected since it was first published online. Maria G Tektonidou was incorrectly listed as Maria GG Tektonidou."}
{"text": "The present paper aims to complement these lists with all new information published after 2015, including the papers in the present special issue of ZooKeys dedicated to the blessed memory of Terry Lee Erwin.A paper on the occasion of the 75 It encompasses the list of 10 publications of Terry Erwin, 31 new taxa described by him and 16 taxa named after him, published after the Festschrift paper on the occasion of Terry\u2019s 75th birthday , including also the patronyms described to honor Terry in the present memorial volume. In total, this makes 268 publications, 67 patronyms and the impressive 472 taxa described as new to science by Terry Erwin.The ZooKeys founding Editor-in-Chief and world-known entomologist Terry Lee Erwin passed away on 11https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.7316.For the list of publications before 2015 see ZooKeys Editorial Office (2015), Nototylus Gemminger & Harold, 1868 . ZooKeys 927: 65\u201374. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.927.49584Erwin TL, Kavanaugh DH, Maddison DR (2020) After 157 years, a second specimen and species of the phylogenetically enigmatic and previously monobasic genus Trechitae (Coleoptera: Carabidae): unexpected clades, isolated lineages, and morphological convergence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 132: 151\u2013176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.006Maddison DR, Kanda K, Boyd OF, Faille A, Porch N, Erwin TL, Roig-Ju\u00f1ent S (2019) Phylogeny of the beetle supertribe Thoasia Liebke, 1939 and Straneotia Mateu, 1961 of the Cryptobatida group, subtribe Agrina: Taxonomic revisions with notes on their ways of life . ZooKeys 742: 57\u201390. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.742.22900Erwin TL, Aldebron C (2018) Neotropical Hyboptera Chaudoir, 1872 of the Cryptobatida group of subtribe Agrina: A taxonomic revision with notes on their ways of life . ZooKeys 714: 61\u2013127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.714.15113Erwin TL, Henry SC (2017) Coleoptera, a dominant life form in the Critical Zone of the Neotropics. In: Foottit R, Adler P (Eds) Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society, 2nd edn. Blackwell Publishing, New Jersey. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945568.ch4Erwin TL, Zamorano LS, Geraci CJ (2017) Amazonian rainforests and their richness of Tachyina : descriptions of new genera, subgenera, and species, with an updated key to the subtribe in the Americas. ZooKeys 626: 87\u2013123. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.626.10033Boyd OF, Erwin TL (2016) Taxonomic review of New World https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1507681113Garc\u00eda-Robledo C, Kuprewicz PK, Staines CL, Erwin TL, Kress WJ (2016) Limited tolerance by insects to high temperatures across tropical elevation gradients and the implications of global warming for extinction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113(3): 680\u2013685. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511344112Levine NM, Zhang K, Longo M, Baccini A, Phillips OL, Lewis SL, Alvarez, E, de Andrade ACS, Brienen R, Erwin T, Feldpausch TR, Mendoza ALM, Vargas PN, Prieto A, Espejo JES, Malhi Y, Moorcroft PR (2016) Ecosystem heterogeneity determines the resilience of the Amazon to climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113(3): 793\u2013797. Antarctotrechusballi sp. n. : the first ground beetle from Antarctica. ZooKeys 635: 109\u2013122. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.635.10535Ashworth AC, Erwin TL (2016) Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Carabidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 88(2): 151\u2013162. https://doi.org/10.2317/kent-88-02-151-162.1Erwin TL, Micheli C, Chaboo CS (2015) Beetles ("}
{"text": "The correct name is: Akira Shibanuma. The correct citation is: Kharel M, Shibanuma A, Kiriya J, Ong KIC, Jimba M (2021) Parental migration and psychological well-being of left-behind adolescents in Western Nepal. PLoS ONE 16(1): e0245873."}
{"text": "P. aeruginosa (CRPA) and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), is substantial. These resistant pathogens may affect the delivery of timely effective therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate beta-lactam (BL) susceptibility trends based on the aggregate frequency of CRPA and a combined ESBL-E phenotype (K. pneumoniae (KPn) + E. coli (EC)) observed in critically ill patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).In the US, the burden of multidrug resistant bacterial infections, including carbapenem-resistant In 2016-2019, ~20 US institutions per year submitted up to 250 gram-negative pathogens as part of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends. A total of 871 PA, 380 KPn, and 336 EC isolates were collected from ICU patients with LRTI. MICs were determined using broth microdilution and interpreted using 2021 CLSI breakpoints. ESBL-E phenotype was defined as: ceftriaxone MIC \u2265 2 mcg/mL. Institutions were stratified into two groups based on frequency of CRPA and combined ESBL-E phenotype: Group 1: CRPA \u2264 15% and ESBL-E \u2264 15%; Group 2: CRPA > 15% and ESBL-E > 15%. Based on CLSI guidance, an empiric antibiotic susceptibility threshold of \u226590% was deemed optimal.Overall, CRPA and ESBL-E phenotypes were identified in 28.4% and 21.2% of isolates, respectively. Aggregate BL susceptibility in group 1 was above the 90% threshold for cefepime (FEP), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), meropenem (MEM), ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), and imipenem/relebactam (I/R) (Table 1). However, as frequency of CRPA and ESBL-E exceeded 15%, aggregate BL susceptibility declined to 77.3%, 79.3%, and 86.2% for FEP, TZP, and MEM, respectively. In contrast, C/T and I/R maintain susceptibility above the empiric susceptibility threshold.Table 1. Aggregate susceptibility of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae ICU LRTI isolates stratified by resistance frequency: Best- (Group 1) and worst-case (Group 2) scenariosst line BL\u2019s resulting in a failure to achieve empiric susceptibility thresholds. This stratification could serve as a decision point for triggering earlier susceptibility testing or modifying empiric therapy recommendations for LRTI to include newer agents pending microbiology results.In ICU patients, exceeding CRPA and combined ESBL-E phenotype frequency of 15% for both classifications, impacts susceptibility to 1Kenneth Klinker, PharmD, Merck & Co., Inc.  Levita K. Hidayat, PharmD BCIDP, Merck & Co., Inc.  C. Andrew DeRyke, PharmD, Merck & Co., Inc.  Mary Motyl, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc.  Karri A. Bauer, PharmD, Merck & Co., Inc."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Duc DA, Van LH, Yu VF, Chou S-Y, Hien NV, Chi NT, et al. (2021) A dynamic generalized fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making approach for green supplier segmentation. PLoS ONE 16(1): e0245187."}
{"text": "P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for many serious infections. MDR, both intrinsic and acquired, presents major clinical challenges. Taniborbactam  is a \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) characterized as a bicyclic boronate, uniquely possessing activity toward all four Ambler classes of \u03b2-lactamases, both serine and metallo, with the exception of class B IMP \u03b2-lactamases. The \u03b2-lactam-BLI (BL-BLI) combination cefepime-taniborbactam  is currently in phase 3 clinical trials.Structures of taniborbactam and cefepime. The \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor is in red and the \u03b2-lactam antibiotic is in black.P. aeruginosa isolates that were part of PRIMERS . Nearly 58% of these strains were reported as carbapenem-non-susceptible. Porin changes, efflux pumps, and/or the presence of acquired class A or class B carbapenemases were previously reported. Broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by CLSI M07 Ed. 11 methods with custom Sensititre frozen panels and interpreted using CLSI M100 Ed. 30 breakpoints. American Type Culture Collection strains were used for quality control. FEP breakpoints were provisionally used for FTB, where taniborbactam was fixed at 4 \u00b5g/mL.The activity of FTB was tested against 197 well-characterized clinical 50s were in the susceptible range for all drugs except IPM, which was intermediate, and all MIC90s were in the resistant range (Table 1). Taniborbactam reduced FEP MIC by 2-fold in 32% of isolates and \u2265 4-fold in 13% of isolates. Against carbapenem-non-susceptible strains, % susceptibilities were: FTB, 68.5%, CZA, 63.0%, C/T, 59.3%; and MVB, 21.3% (Table 2).Percent susceptibility to BL agents alone was 45.2% for imipenem (IPM), 55.8% for meropenem (MEM), 60.9% for ceftazidime (CAZ), and 67.0% for FEP. The addition of BLI to BL increased % susceptibility for MEM-vaborbactam (MVB), 56.9%; ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T), 77.7%, CAZ-avibactam (CZA), 79.7%, and FTB, 82.7%. MICMIC50 and MIC90 values (\u00b5g/mL) and percent susceptibility (%S) for all P. aeruginosa strains (n=197). AMK, amikacin; ATM, aztreonam; C/T, ceftolozane-tazobactam; CAZ, ceftazidime; CZA, ceftazidime-avibactam; FEP, cefepime; FTB, cefepime-taniborbactam; IPM, imipenem; MEM, meropenem; MVB, meropenem-vaborbactam; TZP, piperacillin-tazobactam; TOB, tobramycin. *The breakpoints for FEP and MEM alone were provisionally applied to FTB and MVB, respectively. Tazobactam, avibactam, and taniborbactam were fixed at 4 \u00b5g/mL, while vaborbactam was fixed at 8 \u00b5g/mL. Breakpoints from CLSI M100, 31st ed, 2021.MIC50 and MIC90 values (\u00b5g/mL) and percent susceptibility (%S) for the subset of carbapenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa strains (n=108). AMK, amikacin; ATM, aztreonam; C/T, ceftolozane-tazobactam; CAZ, ceftazidime; CZA, ceftazidime-avibactam; FEP, cefepime; FTB, cefepime-taniborbactam; IPM, imipenem; MEM, meropenem; MVB, meropenem-vaborbactam; TZP, piperacillin-tazobactam; TOB, tobramycin. *The breakpoints for FEP and MEM alone were provisionally applied to FTB and MVB, respectively. Tazobactam, avibactam, and taniborbactam were fixed at 4 \u00b5g/mL, while vaborbactam was fixed at 8 \u00b5g/mL. Breakpoints from CLSI M100, 31st ed, 2021.P. aeruginosa strains tested, including many carbapenem-non-susceptible strains. Pending completion of clinical development, FTB may be a promising therapeutic option for MDR P. aeruginosa infections.Compared to MVB, CZA, and C/T, FTB demonstrated the greatest activity against the 197 Robin Patel, MD, 1928 Diagnostics (Consultant)BioFire Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)ContraFect Corporation (Grant/Research Support)Curetis (Consultant)Hylomorph AG (Grant/Research Support)IDSA Infectious Diseases Board Review Course Mammoth Biosciences (Consultant)NBME Netflix (Consultant)Next Gen Diagnostics (Consultant)PathoQuest (Consultant)PhAST (Consultant)Qvella (Consultant)Samsung Selux Diagnostics (Consultant)Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Specific Technologies (Consultant)TenNor Therapeutics Limited (Grant/Research Support)Torus Biosystems (Consultant)Up-to-Date  Robin Patel, MD, BioFire  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Contrafect  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; IDSA  Involved: Self): Editor\u2019s stipend; NBME, Up-to-Date and the Infectious Diseases Board Review Course  Involved: Self): Honoraria; Netflix  Involved: Self): Consultant; TenNor Therapeutics Limited  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; to Curetis, Specific Technologies, Next Gen Diagnostics, PathoQuest, Selux Diagnostics, 1928 Diagnostics, PhAST, Torus Biosystems, Mammoth Biosciences and Qvella  Involved: Self): Consultant David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis (Advisor or Review Panel member)genentech (Advisor or Review Panel member)Karius (Advisor or Review Panel member)Merck Pfizer Qpex (Advisor or Review Panel member)Shionogi Utility (Advisor or Review Panel member) Vance G. Fowler, Jr., MD, MHS, Achaogen (Consultant)Advanced Liquid Logics (Grant/Research Support)Affinergy Affinium (Consultant)Akagera (Consultant)Allergan (Grant/Research Support)Amphliphi Biosciences (Consultant)Aridis (Consultant)Armata (Consultant)Basilea Bayer (Consultant)C3J (Consultant)Cerexa Contrafect Debiopharm Destiny (Consultant)Durata Genentech Green Cross Integrated Biotherapeutics (Consultant)Janssen Karius (Grant/Research Support)Locus (Grant/Research Support)Medical Biosurfaces (Grant/Research Support)Medicines Co. (Consultant)MedImmune Merck (Grant/Research Support)NIH (Grant/Research Support)Novadigm (Consultant)Novartis Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)Regeneron sepsis diagnostics Tetraphase (Consultant)Theravance Trius (Consultant)UpToDate Valanbio xBiotech (Consultant) Daniel D. Rhoads, MD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (Grant/Research Support) Michael Jacobs, MBBS, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support) Focco van den Akker, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support) David A. Six, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Greg Moeck, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace, Ph.D., Merck & Co., Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Spero Therapeutics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Wockhardt Ltd.  Robert A. Bonomo, MD, entasis (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)NIH (Grant/Research Support)VA Merit Award (Grant/Research Support)VenatoRx (Grant/Research Support)"}
{"text": "The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. In figure\u00a01, panel for Fibre (top right hand side) was wrong.The corrected Fig.\u00a0Reference 11 should read:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02558-4Perez-Cornago A, Pollard Z, Young H, van Uden M, Andrews C, Piernas C, Key TJ, Mulligan A, Lentjes M (2021) Description of the updated nutrition calculation of the Oxford WebQ questionnaire and comparison with the previous version among 207,144 participants in UK Biobank. Eur J Nutr. The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Brassica rapa metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase genes potentially involved in heavy metal detoxification. PLoS ONE 16(6): e0252899. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252899The fifth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Enrico Martinoia. The correct citation is: Liu J, Zhang J, Kim SH, Lee H-S, Martinoia E, Song W-Y (2021) Characterization of"}
{"text": "According to the data in Index Herbariorum as of 1 December 2020, there are 3426 active herbaria in the world, containing 396,204,891 specimens and 124 herbaria in Russia with more than 16,175,000 specimens. The Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , founded in 1946, historically has two herbarium collections (NS and NSK). Currently these collections contain about 800,000 herbarium specimens comprising vascular plants, mosses, lichens and fungi gathered from all over the world. Digitisation of the NSK type specimens of vascular plants began in 2014 by using the special scanner Herbscan. In 2018, we started digitisation of the NS and NSK collections by using ObjectScan 1600.http://herb.csbg.nsc.ru:8081) and published through GBIF. Twenty families of Polypodiopsida, but not Equisetaceae, were included in this dataset. Family Ophioglossaceae was digitised and published in GBIF as a separate dataset.Pteridophytes  are a diverse group of plants that today comprises approximately 12,900 species and plays a major role in terrestrial ecosystems. All herbarium specimens of ferns, collected over 170 years between 1851 and 2021 and stored in the NS and NSK collections, were digitised in 2021, placed at the CSBG SB RAS digital Herbarium , 89% of them from Russia, are presented. Herbarium specimens act as a source of information, to determine:what the plants look like;where they are found;what environmental niche they occupy;which species are threatened by extinction;what morphological and chemical variation occurs;when they flower or produce seed.Specimens can be used to provide samples of DNA to study relationships and evolutionary processes . They alCSBG SB RAS, the largest botanical institute in the Asian part of Russia, has two herbarium collections with registration in the Index Herbariorum : the colWith the digitisation of natural history collections over the recent decades, their traditional roles for taxonomic studies and public education have been greatly expanded into the fields of biodiversity assessments , climateDigitisation activities across Russia were described by A. Seregin . The conOphioglossaceae kept at NS and NSK collections were digitised and published in GBIF as a separate dataset  as a worldwide data resource for the study of biodiversity.The purpose of this publication is to mobilise ferns biodiversity data, using as examples herbarium specimens stored at the Central Siberian Botanic Garden SB RAS collections (NS and NSK). One of our primary goals is to database and image these collections to make them web-accessible for researchers and to provide open online access to the CSBG SB RAS Digital Herbarium  and creating the CSBG SB RAS Digital Herbarium.Nataliya Kovtonyuk - general management and supervision of imaging and digitisation activities at the CSBG SB RAS Digital Herbarium, databasing; publication of datasets;Irina Han - digitisation, databasing, georeferencing, publication of datasets;Evgeniya Gatilova - digitisation, databasing;Lyalya Lukmanova - mounting NSK herbarium specimens, digitisation.Irina Deyun - preparation of NSK collection for digitisation, digitisation.Ilya Eremin - technical support of the CSBG SB RAS Digital Herbarium.Svetlana Krasnikova - preparation NS collection for digitisation.Vera Maksacheva - mounting NS herbarium specimens.All ferns, stored in NS and NSK herbarium collections, were digitised by staff of the Digitisation group at the Vascular Plant Systematics Laboratory of the CSBG SB RAS.Dried and pressed herbarium specimens were digitised using two ObjectScan 1600 scanners, according to international standards, at 600 dpi, with a seven-digit barcode, 24-colour scale and spatial scale bar . Images Many specialists of Tomsk State University , Altay State University , Irkutsk State University , Taymyr Nature Reserve , Main Botanical Garden (Bochkin V.), Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS (Yakubov V.) and the CSBG SB RAS  took part in the identification of the herbarium specimens of ferns.Specimens of ferns deposited in CSBG SB RAS herbarium collections were collected by the following botanists: Krasnoborov I. M. (913), Ivanova M. M. (565), Shaulo D. N. (538), Malyshev L. I. (296), Kiseleva A. A. (281), Lashchinsky N. N. (270), Hanminchun V. M. (251), Vodopyanova N. S. (230), Bardunov L. V. (196), Peshkova G. A. (147), Lomonosova M. N. (133), Petrochenko Yu. N. (126), Andrulaitis S. Yu. (126), Artemov I. A. (116), Arslanova or Kovtonyuk N. K. (104), Molchanov E. F. (93), Bolshakov N. M. (88), Chepurnov A. A. (85), Maskaev Yu. M. (81), Vlasova N. V. (76), Ronginskaya A.V. (73), Vereshchagin V. I. (73), Doronkin V. M. (71), Friesen N. V. (67), Popov M. G. (62), Zuev V. V. (61), Titov E. (49), Starovoitova Z. (49), Pospelov I. N. (44), Tyulina L. N. (42), Nechaev A. A. (42) and many other collectors.The digitisation process includes the following six steps: 1. Mounting of dry plant material on to a herbarium sheet, according to Skvortsov A. K. ; 2. ChecThe dataset includes samples from 43 countries: Russia (6918), United States of America (270), Germany (145), Canada (60), Georgia (40), Japan (31), Kazakhstan (29), Mongolia (27), Ukraine (25), Paraguay (20), Finland (20), Costa Rica (13), Turkey (12), Switzerland (12), Poland (12), Azerbaijan (12), Hungary (9), Bulgaria (9), Armenia (9), Norway (8), Kyrgyzstan (6), Italy (6), France (6), Moldova (5), Estonia (5), Czechia (5), Belize (5), Sweden (4), Mexico (4), Tajikistan (3), Slovakia (3), Romania (3), Luxembourg (3), Dominican Republic (3), Belarus (3), Uzbekistan (1), Turkmenistan (1), Seychelles (1), New Zealand (1), New Caledonia (1), Greenland (1), China (1) and Austria (1).In the dataset, 52 regions of Russia are represented, including all regions of Siberia, Russian Far East, Ural. Most specimens were collected from the Republic of Buryatia (1032), Krasnoyarsk Krai (935), Irkutsk Oblast (823), Tuva Republic (773), Altai Republic (572), Novosibirsk Oblast (456), Primorsky Krai (382), Republic of Khakassia (351), Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (275) and Zabaykalsky Krai (252).-36.86 and 75.367 Latitude; -166.567 and -173.02 Longitude.Anemiaceae (2), Aspleniaceae (391), Athyriaceae , Blechnaceae (21), Cyatheaceae (9), Cystopteridaceae , Dennstaedtiaceae (232), Dryopteridaceae , Hymenophyllaceae (8), Lygodiaceae (2), Marsileaceae (4), Onocleaceae (232), Osmundaceae (39), Plagiogyriaceae (1), Polypodiaceae (439), Psilotaceae (1), Pteridaceae (425), Salviniaceae (58), Thelypteridaceae (284), Woodsiaceae . Most specimens are from the genera Dryopteris , Cystopteris , Woodsia , Athyrium (803), Gymnocarpium (709), Polypodium (416), Asplenium (340), Diplazium (325), Polystichum (233), Pteridium (205), Cryptogramma (201), Phegopteris (158), Matteuccia (154), Cheilanthes (120), Thelypteris (85), Aspidium (68), Salvinia (56), Adiantum (55), Struthiopteris (46) and Camptosorus (41).Specimens of 363 taxa of 78 genera and 20 families of ferns according to the Catalogue of Life  and GBIFPLEASE FILL IN TRAIT INFORMATION HEREMay 1851 through to May 2021. CSBG SB RAS collections have 170 years history. Fig. I.M. Krasnoborov Herbarium (NS) and M.G. Popov Herbarium (NSK) at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RASNS, NSKdried and pressedOtherThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 Licence.Ferns at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden herbarium collections https://www.gbif.org/dataset/77973bd8-e146-463e-9452-05debd36c12ahttp://www.csbg.nsc.ru:8080/ipt/resource?r=ferns1Ferns at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden herbarium collections Darwin Core39Polypodiopsida were included in this dataset, except Equisetaceae. Family Ophioglossaceae was digitised and published separately  were digitised in 2021. Specimens of 20 families of parately . For eachttp://www.csbg.nsc.ru:8080/ipt/resource?r=ferns&v=1.4Kovtonyuk N, Han I, Gatilova E, Ovchinnikov Y, Ovchinnikova S, Troshkina V, Lukmanova L, Ebel A, Yakubov V, Lashichinskiy N, Gureyeva I, Artemov I, Zibzeev E (2021): Ferns at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden herbarium collections . v.1.4. Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS. Dataset/Occurrence."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-021-88812-5, published online 29 April 2021Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 46, which was incorrectly given as:Barrio, J. et\u00a0al. Performance improvement tests of MACACO: a Compton telescope based on continuous crystals and SiPMs. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment (2017).The correct reference is listed below:et\u00a0al. Performance improvement tests of MACACO: A Compton telescope based on continuous crystals and SiPMs. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment.912, 48\u201352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.10.033 (2018).Barrio, J. The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04336-y, published online 31 December 2021Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 29, which was incorrectly given as:et al. Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J. Sport Health Sci.9, 103 (2020).Chen, P. The correct reference is listed below:et al. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J. Sport Health Sci.. 9, 103\u2013104 (2020).Chen, P. The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Hemiplecta is a group of large-sized land snails which have long been used as a food resource by Indochinese people. There are five dextral and four sinistral species currently recognized from Thailand. The dextral group is comprised of two previously recorded species (H.humphreysiana and H.distincta), two newly recorded species (H.funerea and H.esculenta), and one new species (H.nemorosasp. nov.) from northern Thailand is being proposed. We reassessed the diagnostic characters of the genitalia, mantle edge, and radula. Specimens were classified into the genus Hemiplecta on the basis of the penial verge and shell lobe, and on the characters of a bulbous gametolytic sac without a gametolytic duct. A complete species list, together with photographs of the name-bearing types or authenticated specimens and the taxonomic status of Hemiplecta s.l. that are known from Indochina including Peninsular Malaysia and Myanmar, is provided for the first time. In total, this species list contains 39 available nominal species names described from this area. Type or authentic specimens can be located for 37 nominal species names, of which 25 are illustrated herein and the other 12 were recently illustrated. However, two available species-level names could not be traced to any type specimens. In addition, lectotypes of H.funerea and H.pluto are designated herein to stabilize the names.The genus  Hemiplecta Albers, 1850 consists of around 50 dextral species as well as five sinistral species  and H.esculenta Maassen, 2006, have been known as food for local people in northeastern Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It is also an intermediate host of the rat lungworm . In addition to their shell morphology, species attributed to this genus have a well-developed dart apparatus and a bulbous gametolytic sac without a duct (Godwin-Austen 1897). These characters were accepted as being more reliable than the shell morphology, and were followed until recently (Hemiplecta (including the type species) confirm that they are monophyletic and are comprised not only of dextral species but also several sinistral species that were previously included in the Dyakia Godwin-Austen, 1891 , H.distincta, H.neptunus  and H.zimmayensis Godwin-Austen, 1888, and four sinistral species are retained in this genus.In Thailand, thirteen nominal  species have previously been attributed to ture see  and all ecta see . The othHemiplecta species occurring in Thailand were critically examined, and their morphological variation and distribution ranges are presented. Previously, most of the Hemiplecta species have been described based solely on their shells. However, where anatomical data for additional Hemiplecta species was available in the literature, this was summarized and compared with the results of the present study. Furthermore, all the nominal taxa currently attributed to the genus Hemiplecta s.l. that have the type locality in Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia and Myanmar are alphabetically listed. In addition, the primary type specimens or authentic specimens (when possible) are figured for further comparisons and precise identification.In the present study, we aimed to establish a stable and objective taxonomy by incorporating data from the reproductive organs, pallial system and radula morphology. All recognized and undescribed dextral SEM; JEOL, JSM-5410 LV). Radula shape and teeth formula were analyzed.Snails were sampled throughout Thailand. Living snails were euthanized by the two-step method , then trAnatomical abbreviations. Descriptive terms are oriented with reference to the genital orifice. Abbreviations follow ag, albumin gland; aldl, anterior left dorsal lobe; an, anus; at, atrium; da, dart apparatus; dp, dart papilla; e, epiphallus; ec, epiphallic caecum; fl, flagellum; fo, free oviduct; gs, gametolytic sac; h; heart; hd, hermaphroditic duct; hg, hermaphroditic gland; k, kidney; lsl, left shell lobe; ov, oviduct; p, penis; pg, prostate gland; pldl; posterior left dorsal lobe; pr, penial retractor muscle; ps, penial sculpture; psh, penial sheath; puv, pulmonary vein; pv, penial verge; r, rectum; rdl, right dorsal lobe; rsl, right shell lobe; ur, ureter; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens.CUMZChulalongkorn University, Museum of Zoology, BangkokFMNHField Museum of Natural History, ChicagoMNHNMus\u00e9um National \u010fHistoire Naturelle, ParisNHMNatural History Museum, LondonNHMUK when citing specimens deposited in the NHMNMNH National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institute, Washington D.C.RMBRRaffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, SingaporeRMNHNaturalis Biodiversity Center, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, LeidenSMFForschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am MainUMZC University Museum of Zoology Cambridge, CambridgeMNHN are credited to the museum taken under the project E-RECOLNAT: ANR-11-INBS-0004 or as stated otherwise.Photos of type specimens from the Molluscs Collection (IM) of Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAriophantidaeGenusAlbers, 18507B583274-9EFD-5408-BE90-5A11F79615A0Hemiplecta Albers, 1850: 60, 61. Nanina (Hemiplecta) \u2013 KoratiaHelixdistincta Pfeiffer, 1850, by monotypy.  Godwin-Austen, 1919: 202. Type species: Hemiplecta (Koratia) \u2013 Ariophanta (Semperia)Helixretrorsa Gould, 1843; by original designation. Godwin-Austen, 1898: 82 non : 74, 75.Helixhumphreysiana Lea, 1840; subsequent designation by Martens in Shell dextral or sinistral, medium to large in size (width about 25 to 75 mm) and monochrome to with stripes, or banding patterns. Apertural lip simple to slightly thickened in adult snails; umbilicus open. Genitalia include penial sheath, straight or coiled epiphallic caecum and short flagellum; penial verge may be present or absent. Dart apparatus well developed; gametolytic sac bulbous to elliptical-shaped (without distinct duct). Mantle edge well developed with or without shell lobes. Jaw smooth  and crescentic. Radula with unicuspid central teeth, and bicuspid lateral and marginal teeth.Ariophantidae is usually problematic. There are at least three nominal genera that are often confused, Nanina Gray, 1834, Ariophanta Des Moulins, 1829 and Cryptozona M\u00f6rch, 1872. The genitalia have proved to be the distinguishing characters for specific or generic recognition among the Ariophantidae BCA141BA-0932-57C2-9651-C7B503DF8A09HelixhumphreysianaHelix pl. 74, species 387. Lea, 1840: 175. Type locality: Pondicherry and Singapore. Hemiplectahumphreysiana : Morgan, 1885a: 378. Godwin-Austen 1898: 74, pl. 80. figs 6, 6b; pl. 61, figs 1, 1e. Naninahumphreysiana : Martens, 1867: 233, pl. 10, figs 2, 2b, 4. Tryon, 1886: 36, pl. 11, figs 52, 53, pl. 12, fig. 54.Nanina (Hemiplecta) humphreysiana : Tryon, 1886: 36, pl. 11, figs 52, 53; pl. 12, fig. 54.See the species list of the Indochinese species Fig. .Singapore: Bukit Timah: RMBR 1990.1711 (1 specimen in ethanol), 1990.15781\u20132 (2 specimens in ethanol); CUMZ 4573 , RMBR 1990.1710 (1 specimen in ethanol); CUMZ 4571/1 (1 shell), CUMZ 4572 (4 specimens in ethanol). Nee Soon: RMBR 1990.15945 (1 shell), RMBR 1990.16996 (1 specimen in ethanol), RMBR 1990.15103\u20134 (2 specimens in ethanol), RMBR 1992.3159 (1 specimen in ethanol), RMBR 1992.3160\u20131 (2 shells), RMBR 1992.3162 (1 specimen in ethanol), RMBR 1994.4116 (1 specimen in ethanol). Singapore: RMBR 1989.509\u2013513 (5 shells), RMBR 1990.15105 (1 specimen in ethanol). Thailand: Sirindhorn Waterfall, Halabala National Park, Narathivat Province: CUMZ 4647 (2 shells), CUMZ 4648 , dextral and conic to depressed conic  very short  extending about one-third of penis length. Epiphallic caecum (ec) short, straight; penial retractor muscle (pr) thin and attached to the tip. Epiphallus (e) short and about one-third of penis length. Flagellum (fl) short, stout, and with thin muscle bands connected to penial sheath. Vas deferens (vd) small tube. Internal wall of penis with sculpture encircling penial verge  consists of scattering of small papillary knobs arranged randomly on penial wall. Penial verge (pv) long conic with smooth surface.ort Fig. . Penis  long muscular cylinder, externally and internally smooth; dart papilla (dp) short, conic, and smooth. Gametolytic sac (gs) elongate or bulbous without distinct duct. Free oviduct (fo) long and encircled with thickened blackish muscular tissue (orange in fresh specimens). Oviduct (ov) long and with lobules; prostate gland bound to oviduct. Albumen gland (ag) small. Hermaphroditic duct (hd) small, convoluted, and connected to lobules of hermaphroditic gland (hg).Vagina (v) long and cylindrical Fig. ; internaRadula. Each row containing about 253 teeth (127\u2013(18\u201332)\u20131\u2013(29\u201332)\u2013125). Central tooth unicuspid and triangular  to right of anus , large, and thick. Left dorsal lobe to left of anus (on the right in figure), composed of thin crescentic anterior left dorsal lobe , and thin elongated posterior left dorsal lobe (pldl). Right shell lobe (rsl) and left shell lobe (lsl) have short finger-shaped extensions located on mantle edge near tip of urinary groove and around junction of anterior and posterior left dorsal lobes, respectively,  and venation on lung cavity well developed and distinct. Kidney (k) elongate, slender, and approximately one-third length of pulmonary cavity. Ureter (ur) sigmoid, closed tube arising from tip of kidney, extending along right side of kidney, and curved adjacent to rectum (r). Anus (an) adjacent to mantle edge  located left of kidney . Pulmonary cavity approximately four times longer than wide. Pulmonary vein . It can be distinguished from H.floweri Smith, 1899  to specify the characteristics for the genus. 1899 see  from Pen1899 see . In addiri Table . UnfortuTaxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAriophantidaeE80A2E8D-C02D-5D24-8AF3-07DD2235C9DFHelixdistinctaHelix pl. 86, species 465. Pfeiffer, 1850: 69, 70. Type locality: Insulis Moluccis [possibly error or mislabeling]. Naninadistincta : Martens, 1860: 7.Helixneptunus Pfeiffer, 1861a: 190. Type locality: Siam [Thailand]. Nanina (Rhyssota) distincta : Martens, 1867: 69, 70, pl. 6, fig. 8.Nanina (Hemiplecta) distincta : Tryon, 1886: 30, pl. 8, fig. 26.Nanina (Hemiplecta) neptunus : Tryon, 1886: 34, pl. 8, fig. 27.Hemiplectazimmayensis Godwin-Austen, 1888c: 241, 242. Type locality: Zimme, Siam territory . New synonymAriophanta (Hemiplecta) distincta : Morelet, 1891: 231.Hemiplectadistincta : Morelet, 1889: 124. Nanina (Rhysota) distincta : Nanina (Rhysota) distinctavar.neptunus : Koratiadistincta : Nanina (Rhysota) distinctaneptunus : Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1906: 347, 348.Hemiplecta (Koratia) distincta : Solem, 1966: 27.Hemiplecta (Hemiplecta) distincta : Hemmen and Hemmen, 2001: 44, fig. 12.Hemiplecta (Hemiplecta) neptunus : Hemmen and Hemmen, 2001: 44.Hemiplecta (Hemiplecta) zimmayensis : Hemmen and Hemmen, 2001: 44.See the species list of Indochinese species Fig. .Thailand: Tam Chiang Dao, Chiang Mai: CUMZ 4550 (1 shell), CUMZ 4558 (5 shells). Wang Chao Waterfall, Kampangphet: CUMZ 4641 (4 shells). Klong Lann National Park, Kampangphet: CUMZ 4579 (2 specimens in ethanol). Kaeng Jed Kwae, Watbot, Phitsanuloke: CUMZ 4638 (7 shells). Tam Wang Daeng, Nern Maprang, Phitsanuloke: CUMZ 4632 (1 shell). Khao Nang Rum, Huay Kla Klang National Park, Uthaithani: CUMZ 4502 (6 shells), CUMZ 4510 (3 shells), CUMZ 4538 (3 shells), CUMZ 4541 (6 shells), CUMZ 4607 (6 shells), CUMZ 4610 (9 shells), CUMZ 4611 (3 shells). Jed Sow Noi Waterfall, Muaklek, Saraburi: CUMZ 4548 (3 shells). Pu Kare Botanic Garden, Saraburi: CUMZ 4505 (4 shells), CUMZ 4506 (1 shell), CUMZ 4534 (5 shells). Tam Dao Khao Kaew, Muaklek, Saraburi: CUMZ 4624 (1 shell). Wat Tharahat, Saraburi: CUMZ 4508 (1 shell), 4530 (1 shell). Sam Larn National Park, Saraburi: CUMZ 4578 (2 specimens in ethanol). Bang Srithong, Bang Kruay, Nonthaburi: CUMZ 4555 (5 shells). Khao Look Chang, Pakchong, Nakhonratchasima: CUMZ 4501 (8 shells), CUMZ 4606 (9 shells), CUMZ 4612 (9 shells), CUMZ 4535 (3 shells). Tub Lann National Park, Nakhonratchasima: CUMZ 4617 (1 shell). Nawang, Nongbualumphu: CUMZ 4529 (1 shell). Tam Suwankuha, Nongbualumphu: CUMZ 4633 (3 shells), 4637 (3 shells). Thung Kra-Mang, Phu Kiew Wildlife Sanctuary, Chaiyaphum: CUMZ 4608 (5 shells). Pang Khone, Sakonnakhon: CUMZ 4619 (4 shells). Phuphan Mountains, Sakonnakhon: CUMZ 4504 (6 shells), CUMZ 4507 (5 shells). Phu Kum Khao, Sahatsakhan, Kalasin: CUMZ 4557 (8 shells). Phu Sri Tharn Wildlife Sanctuary, Kalasin: CUMZ 4621 (1 shell). Huay Lao Waterfall, Phuluang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei: CUMZ 4634 (1 shell). Tam Pha Bend, Chiang Karn, Loei: CUMZ 4532 (1 shell). Tam Pha Bing, Wangsapung, Loei: CUMZ 4636 (1 shell). Tam Piya, Loei: CUMZ 4639 (3 shells). Tam Mahasombat, Lomsak, Phetchabun: CUMZ 4567 (1 shell). Tam Yai Namnao, Namnao National Park, Phetchabun: CUMZ 4566 (1 shell), CUMZ 4622 (1 shell). Tam Phraya Nakarat, Phuphaman National Park, Khonkaen: CUMZ 4635 (1 shell). Pha Tam National Park, Ubonratchathani: CUMZ 4604 (3 shells), CUMZ 4616 (3 shells). Yod Dome National Park, Buriram: CUMZ 4629 (2 shells). Wang Ta Krai Waterfall, Nakhonnayok: CUMZ 4540 (2 shells), CUMZ 4549 (2 shells), CUMZ 4605 (1 shell), CUMZ 4640 (5 shells), CUMZ 4577 (1 specimen in ethanol). Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao: CUMZ 4531 , CUMZ 4609 (3 shells), CUMZ 4613 (4 shells), CUMZ 4620 (2 shells), CUMZ 4627 (1 shell), CUMZ 4630 (1 shell). Pang Srida National Park, Prachinburi: CUMZ 4631 (4 shells). Ra-Ru, Taphraya, Srakeow: CUMZ 4628 (1 shell). Tam Leum, Klonghad, Srakeow: CUMZ 4625 (1 shell). Khao Cha Ang-Oan, Borthong, Chonburi: CUMZ 4542 (4 shells), CUMZ 4618 (1 shell), CUMZ 4626 (4 shells). Khao Cha Mao Waterfall, Rayong: CUMZ 4543 (1 shell). Tam Suwanphupha, Khao Chamao, Rayong: CUMZ 4545 (1 shell). Wat Ma-deau (Tam Khao Loi), Khao Chamao, Rayong: CUMZ 4544 (4 shells). Plieu National Park, Chanthaburi: CUMZ 4509 (1 shell), CUMZ 4536 (1 shell), CUMZ 4539 (9 shells), CUMZ 4560 , CUMZ 4615 (4 shells). Sibha Shan Waterfall, Chanthaburi: CUMZ 4547 (6 shells). Tha Mai District, Chanthaburi: CUMZ 4603 (1 shell). Koh Kud, Trat: CUMZ 4559 (9 shells), CUMZ 4614 (7 shells). Kaeng Kracharn National Park, Phetchaburi: CUMZ 4527 (1 shell). Tam Nam Pud, Pangnga: CUMZ 4623 (1 shell).Shell. Shell large , yellowish with white narrow peripheral band, and paler color below on lower shell surface. Upper shell surface with thin growth lines interrupted with spiral wrinkles. Last whorl large and rounded; aperture large ovate; lip simple but slightly thickened in adult snails  bulbous with undifferentiated duct. Internal wall of penis exhibits closely packed papilla knobs that abruptly cease near atrium; penial verge absent. Internal sculpture of vagina with thin and smooth longitudinal vaginal pilasters (vp). Internal surface of dart apparatus smooth; dart papilla (dp) conic, and with a smooth surface \u20131\u2013(15\u201320)\u2013276). Central tooth unicuspid triangular with rounded head  to right of pneumostome, large and thick; left dorsal lobe to left of pneumostome, composed of anterior left dorsal lobe  and posterior left dorsal lobe (pldl); shell lobe absent 18ACEFA5-526C-5479-89C7-73C01B4AEDA7Naninadistinctavar.funerea Smith, 1896: 128. Type Locality: Vanbu, Tonkin . Naninadistinctavar.pallidior Smith, 1896: 128. Type Locality: Vanbu, Tonkin . Hemiplectafunerea : See the species list of Indochinese species Fig. .Thailand: Bor Klue District, Nan: CUMZ 4649 (5 shells). Ton Tong Waterfall, Doi Phu Ka National Park, Nan: CUMZ 4575 .Shell. Shell large , depressed conic, dextral, with 6\u20137 whorls; spire slightly elevated with wide and shallow suture. Shell almost black to dark brown with thin yellowish peripheral band. Apex obtuse; embryonic shell large with smooth surface; subsequent whorls with thin growth lines and thin radial wrinkles. Last whorl keeled; aperture large and ovate; lip simple, yellowish to dark yellow, and slightly thickened in adult snail. Columella slightly dilated; parietal callus thin and transparent. Umbilicus wide and deep  elongate with undifferentiated duct. The unique characters are a coiled epiphallic caecum (ec) and curved flagellum (fl), which are not found in the other species  consists of scattered papillary knobs lining penial wall; penial verge absent \u20131\u2013(65\u201375)\u2013135). Central tooth unicuspid conic-shaped, and dull cusp  present .ell Fig. , while tell Fig. . Since tHemiplectafunerea can be distinguished from H.distincta by the angulated, dark brown or yellowish shell, distinct penial sculpture, and a long and distinctively coiled epiphallic caecum , CUMZ 4565 (9 specimens in ethanol), CUMZ 4574 .Shell. Shell relatively small , elevated to slightly depressed, upper surface with distinct nodules arranged on growth line, and lower shell surface nearly smooth. Last whorl keeled; aperture large and ovate; lip simple to slightly expanded and dark brown. Umbilicus widely opened and deep  consists of small to large papillary knobs arranged in oblique lines on penial wall; relatively smaller knobs surrounding penial verge. Penial verge (pv) small, short, conic, and with smooth surface  bulbous with undifferentiated duct. Internal wall of vagina with series of thin longitudinal vaginal pilasters (vp). Dart apparatus (da) relatively short; internal wall of chamber with smooth wall, and papilla of dart apparatus (dp) slightly elongate, conic, and with smooth surface \u20131\u2013(19\u201321)\u201380). Central tooth triangular, tricuspid; ectocones small; mesocone large .Limestone outcrops with deciduous forest near road no. 1226, Pang Mapha Sub-district, Pang Mapha District, Mae Hongson Province, Thailand , depressed conic, thin and dextral. Whorls 5 to 6, increasing regularly, slightly convex, with very wide and shallow suture. Spire convex; apex acute; embryonic shell smooth; following whorls with thin growth lines and radial wrinkles or undulating surfaces. Periostracum thin and transparent. Shell pale brownish to yellowish. Last whorl angular with strong peripheral keel which is much reduced near aperture. Aperture not descending, widely ovate and moderately oblique; lip simple to slightly thickened in adult specimen. Columella slightly dilated; parietal callus slightly thick and translucent. Umbilicus narrowly opened, deep, and partly covered by reflected columellar lip Fig. .Genitalia. Atrium (at) long. Penis (p) long slender, cylindrical, and encircled by thick penial sheath (psh) extending to about half of penis length. Epiphallic caecum (ec) short, straight; penial retractor muscle (pr) thin and attached to the tip. Epiphallus (e) short, about half of penis length. Flagellum (fl) short, stout, and with thin muscle bands connected to penial sheath. Vas deferens (vd) small tube  small, conic, and with smooth surface  short and enlarged muscular cylinder; externally covered with thin longitudinal muscular bands around half of dart apparatus length. Internally with irregular wall, dart papilla (dp) conic and smooth. Gametolytic sac (gs) bulbous without distinct duct. Free oviduct (fo) long and encircled with thin blackish muscular tissue. Oviduct (ov) long and with lobules; prostate gland bound to oviduct. Albumen gland, hermaphroditic duct, and hermaphroditic gland missing from the examined specimen  long, cylindrical, about same length as penis; internal wall with thin and smooth longitudinal vaginal pilasters (vp). Dart apparatus \u20131\u2013(16\u201319)\u201375). Central tooth symmetrical tricuspid and triangular; mesocone conic shaped and with pointed cusp; ectocones short with dull cusps located at middle of tooth height. Lateral teeth asymmetrical tricuspid; endocone nearly absent; mesocone triangular with pointed cusp; ectocone with pointed cusps and located below endocone. Marginal teeth start around tooth numbers 16 to 19, elongate and obliquely bicuspid; endocone larger than ectocone and with pointed cusp; ectocone very small. Outer marginal teeth bicuspid and shorter than inner teeth  from Myanmar and Falsiplectaintegripedia Schileyko & Semenyuk, 2018 from southern Vietnam. This new species, however, differs by having a shell width almost two-times larger than H.uter, but further comparison of anatomical characters is necessary to confirm their distinction. Hemiplectanemorosa sp. nov. clearly differs from F.integripedia in having a well-developed dart apparatus, globular gametolytic sac, and long epiphallus and flagellum. In contrast, F.integripedia has no dart apparatus, a long gametolytic duct, a very short epiphallus and the vas deferens attached near the tip of the epiphallus (flagellum lacking). Hemiplectanemorosa sp. nov. also differs from H.undosa  by having a relatively smaller shell size, an angular last whorl with strong peripheral keel, and a narrow umbilicus. In contrast, H.undosa has a rounded to slightly shouldered last whorl, and a wide and deep umbilicus.The shell morphology of this new species is similar to Hemiplecta s.l. and have the type locality within the geographic area covered by mainland Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia or the southeastern part of Myanmar. All the nominal species group names are listed alphabetically where their original combinations and original publication were provided. In nearly all instances, the original literature was checked for authorship and date, page numbers of the original description and illustrations, and type locality to ensure accuracy of the entries. The usage of the nominal name, necessary references that provided descriptions or images of possible type specimens, and recent taxonomic treatment articles that placed species into the genus Hemiplecta are also listed. The current taxonomic status  of each taxon is provided, mainly following recent literature and this study. The depository information of the name-bearing types  is provided. The name-bearing types are illustrated when possible; exceptions are those recently published in This synoptic list includes all the nominal species-group names that have been attributed to auriettae 1 Nanina (Macrochlamiys) auriettae Tapparone Canefri, 1889: 318, 319, pl. 8, figs 4\u20136. Type locality: Sul monte Mooleyit .Hemiplecta?auriettae: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. The type specimens could not be traced.Remarks. The topotype specimen NHMUK 1912.4.16.497 2 Helixchevalierii Souleyet, 1842: 101. Type locality: Malacca .Helixchevalierii: Souleyet, 1852: 503, 504, pl. 28, figs 24\u201326.Hemiplectachevalierii: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. The type specimens could not be traced.cymatium 3 Naninacymatium Bens. Helixcymatium Benson. Pfeiffer, 1856b: 58, pl. 17, figs 1, 2. Type locality: Pulo Lancavi, peninsulae Malaccanae .Hemiplectacymatium: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. The type specimens could not be traced.Remarks. The manuscript name \u201ccymatium Bens.\u201d was never published by Benson. It was first mentioned in the species list published by UMZC and NHM collections. There are three specimens from UMZC I.104350 ex. Benson collection accompanied by a label with the taxon name but without collection locality. A specimen that closely matched the original description is figured herein 4 Xestinadenserugata M\u00f6llendorff, 1901: 45, 46. Type locality: Berg Dran und Hong-gong, S\u00fcd Annam.Hemiplectadenserugata: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Syntype SMF 226943/1 5 Helixdistincta Pfeiffer, 1850: 69, 70. Type locality: Insulis Moluccis [possibly error or mislabeling]. Helix pl. 86, species 465.Hemiplecta (Hemiplecta) distincta: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Possible syntype NHMUK 20200199 \u201d, and a small printed label stating \u201cType?\u201d. Additionally, the collection localities \u201cSiam & Camboja\u201d and \u201cSiam & Cochin Chine (Martens)\u201d were probably added at a later date. Therefore, we consider this lot to be possible syntypes. The specimen that closely matched the measurements in the original description and illustration in H.distincta are only from Indochina. Therefore, the type locality \u201cInsulis Moluccis [Molucca Islands in eastern Indonesia]\u201d possibly error or mislabeling.The museum collection and current published record with detailed geographical data of esculenta Maassen, 20066 Hemiplectaesculenta Maassen, 2006: 17, 18, figs 10\u201312. Type locality: limestone area near village Hang, Pu Luong National Park, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam. Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Holotype RMNH 99424 (see RMNH 99425 (1 shell).Remarks. The type specimen was recently illustrated in floweri Smith, 18997 Hemiplectafloweri Smith, 1899: 284, 285, text figures. Type locality: Maxwell\u2019s Hill, Larut, Perak . Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Syntype NHMUK 1899.3.16.1\u20132  instead of the distant species H.abbasi Maassen, 2009 from Sumatra 9 Naninadistinctavar.funerea Smith, 1896: 128. Type Locality: Vanbu, Tonkin . Hemiplectafunerea: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Lectotype (design. n.) NHMUK 1896.1.25.4 10 Helixgordoniae Benson, 1863: 87. Type locality: Birmanica prope Moulmein . Hemiplecta?gordoniae: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. The type specimens could not be traced from the Benson collection.Remarks. The topotype specimen from Godwin-Austen collection NHMUK 1903.7.1.309 13 Helixhumphreysiana Lea, 1840: 175. Type locality: Pondicherry and Singapore. Hemiplectahumphreysiana: Godwin-Austen 1898: 74\u201376, pl. 80, fig. 6, 6b; pl. 81, fig. 1, 1e. Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Syntype NMNH 116569 15 Camaenakhamducensis Thach & Huber in Thach, 2018: 67, figs 886\u2013888. Type locality: Kham Duc area, Phuoc Son, District, Quang Nam Province, Central Vietnam.Hemiplectakhamducensis: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Holotype FMNH 386292.Remarks. This nominal species was transferred to the genus Hemiplecta by Camaenidae has a holopod type of pedal groove , and narrow umbilicus .khamducensis Thach & Huber, 200016 Hemiplectakhamducensis Thach & Huber in Thach, 2020: 38, 39, figs 434\u2013437. Type locality: Kham Duc, Phuoc Son District, Quang Nam Province, Central Vietnam.Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Junior homonym and junior synonym of Hemiplectakhamducensis .Type specimens. Holotype NHMUK 20200208.Remarks. This species was originally proposed as a junior secondary homonym from the same locality as the senior homonym. Basically, this junior homonym agrees well in all diagnostic shell characters of a red-brown shell, strong peripheral keel, and shell shape that all lie within the range of variation of the present species. This species is synonymized with H.khamducensis  herein, and, therefore, the replacement name is not necessary at present.NHM collection .lanxangnica Inkhavilay & Panha, 201917 Helminthoglyptahuberi Thach, 2017: 54, figs 747\u2013749 .Ariophantalaotica: Hemiplectalaotica: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Syntype SMF 226681  from Laos.Remarks. The type specimen was recently illustrated in malaouyi 19 Xestamalaouyi Morgan, 1885a: 374, 375, pl. 5, fig. 4. Type locality: Mont Kerbou, \u00e0 1800 m\u00e8tre environ \u010faltitude .Hemiplectamalaouyi: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-34170 .neptunus Pfeiffer, 186121 Helixneptunus Pfeiffer, 1861a: 190. Type locality: Siam [Thailand]. Hemiplecta (Hemiplecta) neptunus: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Synonym of Hemiplectadistincta.Type specimens. Syntype NHMUK 20150065 22 Naninadistinctavar.pallidior Smith, 1896: 128. Type locality: Vanbu, Tonkin . Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Synonym of Hemiplectafunerea.Type specimens. Syntype NHMUK 1896.1.25.5 23 Helixpernobilis F\u00e9russac, 1821: 39, no. 182. Type locality: Poulo-Condor .Koratiadistinctapernobilis: Koratiapernobilis: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. The type specimens could not be traced.pharangensis 24 Xestinapharangensis M\u00f6llendorff, 1901: 46. Type locality: Pharang, S\u00fcd Annam .Hemiplectapharangensis: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Holotype SMF 226947/1  in having a flatter shape, with a weak keel, and a spiral band on periphery.pluto 26 Helixpluto Pfeiffer, 1863a [1862]: 268, 269. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja . Nanina (Hemiplecta) pluto: Hemiplectapluto: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Lectotype (design. n.) NHMUK 2020200 27 Oxytessakaya Morgan, 1885a: 380, 381, pl. 6, fig. 1. Type locality: Mont Kerbou, \u00e0 1200 m\u00e8tre environ \u010faltitude .Hemiplectasakaya: Laidlaw, 1932a: 89. Maassen, 2001: 101.Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Synonym of Hemiplectacymatium.Type specimens. Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-34169 28 Helixtextrina Benson, 1856: 252. Type locality: ad Thyet Myo . Hemiplecta?textrina: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. The type specimens could not be traced.Remarks. The specimen from the Blanford collection NHMUK 1906.1.1.389 from Bassein, Pegu is figured herein 29 Helixtheodori Philippi, 1846: 191, 192. Type locality: Prope Mergui Indiae orientalis .Hemiplectatheodori: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. The type specimens could not be traced.Remarks. The topotype specimen NHMUK 1888.12.4.1517 30 Nanina (Hemiplecta) undosa Blanford, 1865: 68. Type locality: Shan Hills, east of Ava .Helixundosa var. Hanley & Theobald, 1874: 45, pl. 111, figs 2, 3.Hemiplectaundosa: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Probable syntype NHMUK 20200201 31 Helixuter Theobald, 1859: 305. Type locality: Maulmein . Hanley and Theobald 1872: 27, pl. 58, figs 7, 8.Hemiplectauter: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Holotype NMHUK 1888.12.4.1487 .Atkinson . The NHMzimmayensis Godwin-Austen, 188832 Hemiplecta?zimmayensis Godwin-Austen, 1888c: 241, 242. Type locality: Zimmay, Siam territory .Hemiplecta (Hemiplecta) zimmayensis: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Synonym of Hemiplectadistincta.Type specimens. Syntypes NHMUK 1888.12.4.2007 \u201d. This specimen (NHMUK 1903.7.1.2108) from the Godwin-Austen collection is figured herein.lahatensis 33 Helixlahatensis Morgan, 1885b: 69. Type locality: dans la for\u00eat Lahat et Ipoli .Ariophantalahatensis: Dyakialahatensis: Hemiplectalahatensis: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-22834 35 Hemiplectasalanganavar.martensi Collinge, 1903: 209. Type locality: Bukit Bersa .Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Synonym of Hemiplectasalangana.Type specimens. Syntype NHMUK 1904.5.26.18\u201319 36 Helixretrorsa Gould, 1843: 139. Type locality: Tavoy, British Burma . Helix (Caracolla) retrorsa: Dyakiaretrorsa: Blanford and Godwin-Austen 1907: 300. Laidlaw, 1931: 191.Hemiplectaretrorsa: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Lectotype 37 Naninasalangana Martens, 1883: 134\u2013136, pl. 25, figs 8\u201312. Type locality: insulam Salanga (Junk Ceilon) ad oram occidentalem peninsulae Malaccanae . Dyakiasalangana: Hemiplectasalangana: Current taxonomic status.Hemiplecta. Valid species.Type specimens. Syntypes ZMB/Moll 32578 , which are taxonomically informative at the species level  from the Philippines, H.werberi  from Sulawesi, H.foersteri Kobelt, 1914 from Papua New Guinea, and H.belerang Cilia & Abbas, 2012 from Sumatra exhibit a long gametolytic duct, with or without a dart apparatus  from Peninsular Malaysia exhibits a coiled epiphallic caecum, long gametolytic organ, and presence of shell lobes (Table Macrochlamydinae (Macrochlamydinae. Further anatomical information and molecular analyses will elucidate whether the generic placement is appropriate or whether these species form a distinct group.This comparison further indicated that the other five species are likely to have been inappropriately placed in the ta Table . Four spmiplecta . On the amydinae . HoweverHemiplecta and described from Indochina, including Peninsular Malaysia and Myanmar. There are six nominal species for which the name-bearing type could not be discovered, except the four nominal species: H.auriettae, H.gordonae, H.textrina and H.theodori where the topotypic specimen are figured as representative. However, generic placement of many species are still provisional because these species are known only from their shell descriptions without the genitalia characters. Like the other land snail group in Indochina, a systematic revision has never been studied, and species recognition is difficult. The species have long been described with only a brief description and without illustrations of unique characters of the species. This species list with illustrated type or authentic specimens provides a key species data and facilitates proper species identification.In the species list, 39 available species-level names are recognized as part of the genus"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Lei-Ning Chen. The correct citation is: Li S, Chen L-N, Wang X-H, Zhu H-J, Li X-L, Feng X, et al. (2021) Chromosomal variants accumulate in genomes of the spontaneous aborted fetuses revealed by chromosomal microarray analysis. PLoS ONE 16(11): e0259518."}
{"text": "Higher chances of survival to hospital admission after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with previously diagnosed heart disease. Open Heart 2021;8:e001805.van Dongen LH, Blom MT, de Haas SCM, ESCAPE-NET Investigators, Middle initials have been added to the following authors: Laura H van Dongen, Petra J M Elders, Hanno L Tan."}
{"text": "Correction to: Reprod Biol Endocrinol 19, 137 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-021-00826-wFollowing publication of the original article , the autThe other one is that the reference number 23  should be updated as following:Cakiroglu Y, Saltik A, Yuceturk A, Karaosmanoglu O, Kopuk SY, Scott RT, et al. Effects of intraovarian injection of autologous platelet rich plasma on ovarian reserve and IVF outcome parameters in women with primary ovarian insufficiency. Aging. 2020;12:10211\u201322. doi: 10.18632/aging.103403.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Rapa), carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. Sativus), garden cress (Lepidium sativum), radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. Sativus), ginger , fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum -graecum), cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum), black seeds ( Nigella sativa), date ( Phoenix dactylifera), pennyroyal  (Mentha pulegium ) and bitter and spicy foods [Menorrhagia is abnormal heavy or prolonged vaginal bleeding with 19.24% prevalence in Iranian women  and decrbleeding -9. Eatinbleeding ,7. In PMcarica ) -9. Nutricarica ) -9. Therecy foods -9. In adcy foods -9. In thcy foods ,7. Ibn Scy foods . Variouscy foods ,12. Cuppcy foods ,14. Clincy foods ,15. Reco This study was a part of the Ph.D. thesis of Fatameh Yusefi. Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian was the supervisor and Jaleh Aliasl contributed to the writing the manuscript. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Emmanuella Chinonso Osuala. The correct citation is: Nwagbara UI, Osuala EC, Chireshe R, Bolarinwa OA, Saeed BQ, Khuzwayo N, et al. (2021) Knowledge, attitude, perception, and preventative practices towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. PLoS ONE 16(4): e0249853. The publisher apologizes for the errors."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Sanitra Anuwutnavin. The fifth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Sakita Moungmaithong. The correct citation is: Phatihattakorn C, Wongsa A, Pongpan K, Anuwutnavin S, Moungmaithong S, Wongprasert M, et al. (2021) Seroprevalence of Zika virus in pregnant women from central Thailand. PLoS ONE 16(9): e0257205."}
{"text": "In: Monroe A, Olapeju B, Moore S, Hunter G, Payne Merritt A, et al. Improving malaria control by understanding human behaviour. Bull World Health Organ. 2021 Nov 1;99(11):837\u2013839, On page 839, reference 3 should read as follows: Kincaid DL, Storey JD, Figueroa ME, Underwood CR. Communication, ideation, and contraceptive use: the relationships observed in five countries. In: World Congress on Communication for Development; 2006 Oct 25\u201327; Rome, Italy. Washington DC: World Bank; 2007. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.285369Bull World Health Organ. 2021 Nov 01;99(11):837\u20139."}
{"text": "There are multiple spelling errors in the author list. Please see the correct author list and citation here:John Ndegwa Wagai, Dale A. Rhoda, Mary L. Prier, Mary Kay Trimner, Caitlin B. Clary, Joseph Oteri, Bassey Okposen, Adeyemi Adeniran, M. Carolina Danovaro-Holliday, Felicity T. Cuttshttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247415Wagai JN, Rhoda DA, Prier ML, Trimner MK, Clary CB, et al. (2021) Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria. PLoS ONE 16(2): e0247415. The ORCID iDs are missing for the ninth and tenth author. Please see the authors\u2019 respective ORCID iDs here:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-9198).Author M. Carolina Danovaro-Holliday\u2019s ORCID iD is: 0000-0001-7324-9198 (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8834-1146).Author Felicity T. Cutts\u2019 ORCID iD is: 0000-0002-8834-1146 ("}
{"text": "Correction to: World J Surg Onc 19, 96 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-021-02207-4Following publication of the original article , the autCurrently it reads:Charlotte KDD, Cornelis J, Petur S, Johannes C, Arend A, Bemelman WA, et al. Adjuvant HIPEC in patients with colon cancer at high risk of peritoneal metastases: Primary outcome of the COLOPEC multicenter randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:482.It should read:Klaver CEL, Wisselink DD, Punt CJA, Snaebjornsson P, Crezee J, Aalbers A, et al. Adjuvant HIPEC in patients with colon cancer at high risk of peritoneal metastases: Primary outcome of the COLOPEC multicenter randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:482.Additionally, a minor change in the abstract has been made and Figure 2I and 2J has been updated with the better resolution figure.The Original article has been updated."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Adam H. Biedrzycki. The correct citation is: De Armond CC, Kim SE, Lewis DD, Biedrzycki AH, Banks SA, Cook JL, et al. (2021) Three-dimensional-printed custom guides for bipolar coxofemoral osteochondral allograft in dogs. PLoS ONE 16(2): e0244208."}
{"text": "The author list has since been corrected to: Pierre Tariot, Erin P. Foff, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Maria-Eugenia Soto-Martin, Bradley McEvoy, and Srdjan Stankovic.In the published abstract, \u201cHARMONY STUDY: PIMAVANSERIN SIGNIFICANTLY PROLONGS TIME TO RELAPSE OF DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS,\u201d doi:"}
{"text": "Correction to: Pilot Feasibility Stud 7, 103 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-021-00841-zFollowing publication of the original article , the autThe correct presentation of the names are as follows:1) Given name: Katie, Last name: Ridge2) Given name: Niall, Last name: Conlon3) Given name: Martina, Last name: Hennessy4) Given name: Padraic, Given name: J, Last name: DunneThe original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Plant Biol 22, 138 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-022-03497-wFollowing publication of the original article , authors1\u00a0College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03360-2, published online 07 January 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article omitted an affiliation for Wannaporn Klangpetch, Niramon Utama-ang, Thunnop Laokuldilok, Pipat Tangjaidee and Tri Indrarini Wirjantoro. This affiliation is listed below.Cluster of Innovative Food and Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandThe original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) of Pakistan are provided based on published records and original data from recent research. Checklists to the genera and species of Deltocephalinae are also given. A total of 49 genera with more than 100 species are now known from Pakistan. Two new synonyms are proposed, i.e., Cicadulinastriata Ahmed, 1986 a junior synonym of Cicadulinachinai Ghauri, 1965, syn. nov. and Macrostelesparafalcatus Naveed & Zhang, 2018 a new junior synonym of Macrostelesindrina , syn. nov.Keys to all levels of the subfamily  Cicadellidae, the largest family of Hemiptera, comprises 26\u201340 subfamilies . In this paper we add a further 18 genera and 51 species records, provide checklists and keys to species and include two new species synonymies; a total of 49 genera with more than 100 species is now known from Pakistan.3 genera . The earCicadellidae in various countries and this is particularly true for Pakistan. Such studies are not only important to discover the leafhopper diversity but also for pest management in agriculture and forestry as leafhoppers being one of the most important groups of vectors of plant pathogens ; with two or three anteapical cells and often with one or more crossveins between A1 and claval suture; inner apical cell narrowed distally, not reaching to wing apex. Profemur AM1 seta distinct; row AV with short stout setae extending from base to 1/2\u20132/3 length of femur; intercalary row with various thin setae arranged in one row. Mesotrochanter with apical posteroventral stout seta. Metafemur macrosetal formula usually 2+2+1 with penultimate pair close-set. Metatibia usually anteroposteriorly compressed, ventrally with a median ridge. Male pygofer usually with a membranous cleft at basolateral margin. Valve produced posteriorly, lateral margins short, articulated with pygofer laterally. Subgenital plates articulated with each other and with valve rarely fused to each other and valve (Goniagnathus); usually triangular, normally somewhat flattened; with dorsal slot or fold articulating with style. Connective Y-shaped or linear, rarely T-shaped; devoid of anteromedial lobe or process. Style broad at base, bilobed basally; apophysis not elongate. First valvula convex to relatively straight; dorsal sculpturing pattern reaching the dorsal margin or not; sculpturing pattern striate, concatenate, reticulate, imbricate, maculate, or granulose. Second valvula with basal fused section as long as distal paired blades or longer; median dorsal tooth present or not; usually with small to large, regularly or irregularly shaped dorsoapical teeth on apical 1/3 or more; teeth sometimes restricted to apical 1/4, or absent.The subfamily Deltocephalinae here in its wider sense, following Selenocephalini, Mukariini and Penthimiini. We also follow Bampurius placed in Athysanini by Scaphoideini and the genera placed in Scaphytopiini by Grammacephalus placed here in Scaphoideini, Masiripius placed here in Opsiini and Varta placed here in Vartiini.Remarks. We treat If genera are represented by a single species in Pakistan the species name is given.Deltocephalinae are given for each genus containing more than one species. We follow Keys to all species of Pakistan Diagnosis. It is impossible to provide a set of characters to easily diagnose this large tribe due to its morphological diversity. However, most members have the connective Y-shaped and lack the distinctive features of other tribes.E.cornix Naveed & ZhangFigs 52Euscelidiuscornix Naveed & Zhang, 2020c: 470, fig. 1A\u2013G (Pakistan).Platymetopius sp.Remarks. From the figure  given by Mahmood (1969) this genus is present in Pakistan.Remarks.Tambocerus is one of the few Athysanini with transverse striations on the fore margin of the head.T.bulbulus Naveed & ZhangFigs 51Tambocerusbulbulus Naveed & Zhang, 2018i: 240, figs 3A\u2013D, 4A\u2013I (Pakistan).Diagnosis. These are small to medium sized leafhoppers, usually white, stramineous, green, brown, grey, or black in colouration, and sometimes iridescent. They can be identified by the tapering or parallel sided clypellus, aedeagus hinged at the base , ovipositor usually extending far beyond the pygofer, first valvula dorsal sculpturing pattern maculate to granulose and usually submarginal, first valvula without distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing, and second valvula teeth obliquely triangular and serrated.A.choui Naveed & ZhangAconurellachoui Naveed & Zhang, 2018a: 72, fig. 5; pl. II, figs A\u2013D (Pakistan).A.erebus (Distant)Deltocephaluserebus Distant, 1908: 385 (India).Aconurellaerebus: Ghauri, 1974: 553\u2013555, figs 14\u201317 (India).Aconurellaerebus: A.naranensis Naveed & ZhangAconurellanaranensis Naveed & Zhang, 2018a: 71, fig. 4; pl. I, J\u2013L (Pakistan).A.paraerebus Naveed & ZhangAconurellaparaerebus Naveed & Zhang, 2018a: 68, fig. 3; pl. I, G\u2013I (Pakistan).A.prolixa (Lethierry)Figs 58Thamnotettixprolixa Lethierry, 1885: 102 (Europe).Thamnotettixminutes Haupt, 1917: 254. Synonymised by Thamnotettixsanguisuga Lindberg, 1927: 88. Synonymised by Cicadulaindica Pruthi, 1930: 54. Synonymised by Deltocephalusobtusus Metcalf, 1955: 266. .ChiasmuskarachiensisChiasmuslobataAconurellaneosolana Rao & Ramakrishnan, 1990a: 268, fig. 1 (India). Synonymised by Aconurellaprolixa Khatri & Webb, 2010: 4, pl. 1, fig. g; fig. 9; C.alatus PruthiChiasmusalatus Pruthi, 1930: 23, pl. II, figs 6, 6a, text figs 32\u201334 (India); C.niger PruthiChiasmusniger Pruthi, 1936: 108, pl. VIII, fig. 8, text fig. 122 (India); Remarks. The identification key of this species has not been possible due to the uncertainty of the differences between very similar species. The previously described forms may prove to be synonyms.E.indicus (Distant)Athysanusindicus Distant, 1908: 344 (India).Athysanusatkinsoni Distant, 1908: 345 (India). Synonymised by Ross, 1968: 12.Exitianusindicus: ExitianusmajorExitianusindicus: E.nanus (Distant)Fig. 73Athysanusnanus Distant, 1908: 345 (India).Athysanusinsularis Distant, 1909: 47, pl. 4, figs 10, 10a. Synonymised by Athysanusfasciolatus Melichar, 1911: 107 (East Africa). Synonymised by Athysanussimillimus Matsumura, 1914: 185 (Japan). Synonymised by Athysanusvulnerans Bergevin, 1925: 42, figs 5\u20139 (East Africa). Synonymised by Limotettixalbipennis Haupt, 1927: 25, pl. II, figs 20a\u2013c . Synonymised by Limotettixunifasciata Haupt, 1930: 159, fig. 9. Synonymised by Athysanusdigressus Van Duzee, 1933: 32 (USA). Synonymised by Exitianusnanus: Ross, 1968: 7, figs 1\u20133, 15\u201318, 76; Exitianuskarachiensis Ahmed, 1986: 59, fig. 5. Synonymised by Exitianuspeshawarensis Ahmed & Rao, 1986: 76\u201377, fig. 1. Synonymised by ExitianusminorExitianusfulvinervis Li & He, 1993: 27; G.minorcephala PruthiFig. 5Gurawaminorcephala Pruthi, 1930: 29, pl. II, fig. 10a, b, text figs 41,42 (Pakistan); G.longispina Naveed & ZhangGurawalongispina Naveed & Zhang, 2018b: 486, figs 1A\u2013D, 3A\u2013F, 5A (Pakistan).L. (L.) mysorensis DistantLeofamysorensis Distant, 1918: 86; Leofaaffinis Distant, 1918: 87. Synonymised by Leofasanguinalis Distant, 1918: 87. Synonymised by Leofaunicolor Distant, 1918: 88. Synonymised by Leofapedestris Distant, 1918: 88. Synonymised by Leofaparwala Pruthi, 1930: 26. Synonymised by L. (L.) naga Viraktamath & ViraktamathLeofanaga Viraktamath & Viraktamath, 1992: 9\u201310, figs 31\u201340 (India); L. (Prasutagus) pulchellus DistantFigs 27Prasutaguspulchellus Distant, 1918: 53\u201354, fig. 57 (India).Leofa (Prasutagus) pulchellus: Zahniser, 2008: 18; L. (L.) truncata Viraktamath & ViraktamathLeofatruncata Viraktamath & Viraktamath, 1992: 4, figs 1\u20139 (India); N.nigropictus (St\u00e5l)Thamnotettixnigropictus St\u00e5l, 1870: 740 (India).Nephotettixapicalis Distant, 1908: 360 (India); Nephotettixnigropictusyapicola Ghauri, 1971: 495.Nephotettixnigropictus: Ghauri, 1971: 491; N.parvus Ishihara & KawaseNephotettixparvus Ishihara & Kawase, 1968: 121 (Japan); Nephotettixolivacea Mahmood & Aziz, 1979: 65 (Pakistan). Synonymised by N.virescens (Distant)Selenocephalusvirescens Distant, 1908: 291 (India).Phrynomorphusolivacescens Distant, 1918: 52. Synonymized by Nephotettixbipunctatus (Fabricius), Distant, 1908: 359.Nephotettiximpicticeps Ishihara, 1964: 42. Synonymized by Ghauri,1971: 484.Nephotettixvirescens: Ghauri, 1971: 484; Nephotettixoryzii Mahmood & Aziz, 1979: 63 (Pakistan). Synonymized by Diagnosis.Cicadulini, following Cicadula Zetterstedt, segment X is moderately long . In addition, the genus Pseudosubhimalus Ghauri, placed in Athysanini by Zahniser and Dietrich (2014), was subsequently placed in Cicadulini based on molecular evidence and (in its type species) segment X is long and well sclerotised (Meshram and Niranjana 2019) However, in the genus the subgenital plate macrosetae are marginal, and in one of its species, P.katraini Meshram and Niranjana, segment X is very short. Similarly, segment X is not elongate in the Nearctic Knullana DeLong. The following three species of this genus occur in Pakistan.P.bicolor (Pruthi)Ophiolabicolor Pruthi, 1936: 123 (India).Pseudosubhimalusbicolor: Ghauri, 1974: 553; Meshram and Niranjana 2019: 7\u20139, figs 1A, 1B, 1E, 1G\u20131L, 2A\u20132F, 3A\u20133H .P.trilobatus Meshram & NiranjanaPseudosubhimalustrilobatus Meshram & Niranjana, 2019: 7, 11\u201312, figs 1C, 1D, 4A\u20134F (India).Pseudosubhimalusbicolor (Pruthi): P.pakistanicus Naveed & ZhangFigs 38PseudosubhimaluspakistanicusDiagnosis. The members of this tribe are small to medium sized leafhoppers and are variable in colour. They can be identified by the tapering or parallel-sided clypellus, narrow lorum, linear connective with anterior arms closely appressed, connective fused to the aedeagus, and first valvula dorsal sculpturing imbricate .D.vulgaris Dash & ViraktamathFig. 45Deltocephalus  vulgaris Dash & Viraktamath, 1998: 4, figs 1\u201311 (India); Deltocephalus  vulgaris: D.infirmus MelicharDeltocephalusinfirmus Melichar, 1903: 203, pl. V, fig. 11 (Sri Lanka).Jassargusinfirmus: Ishihara, 1961: 244, figs 53\u201358 (misidentification).Deltocephalusinfirmus: M.albomaculata (Dash & Viraktamath)Fig. 11Deltocephalus (Recilia) albomaculatus: Maiestasalbomaculata: M.indica (Pruthi)Allophlepsindica Pruthi, 1936: 120\u2013121, pl. IX, fig. 3, text fig. 132 (Pakistan); Deltocephalus (Recilia) indicus: Maiestasindica: M.maculata (Pruthi)Cicadulamaculata Pruthi, 1930: 58\u201359, figs 80\u201381, pl. V, fig. 2 (India).Thamnotettixprabha Pruthi, 1930: 62, figs 85, 86, pl. V, figs 6, 6a (India). Synonymized by Reciliaprabha: Ghauri, 1980: 166\u2013169, figs 1, 3\u201311.Deltocephalus (Recilia) maculata: Maiestasmaculata: M.pruthii Deltocephalusnotatus Pruthi, 1936: 128\u2013129, text fig. 139, pl. IX, fig. 10 (Pakistan). Preoccupied, not Deltocephaluspruthii .Maiestaspruthii: M.setosa ReciliasetoseMaiestassetosa: Maiestassinuata Shah & DuanMaiestassinuata Shah & Duan, 2021: 406, fig. 3A\u2013H (Pakistan).M.subviridis Stirellussubviridis Metcalf, 1946: 125. Synonymized withS.hopponis (Matsumura) by Linnavuori, 1975: 617, in error;Deltocephalus (Recilia) subviridis: Maiestassubviridis: M.tareni (Dash & Viraktamath)Deltocephalus (Recilia) tareni Dash & Viraktamath, 1995: 74\u201376, figs 1\u201315; Maiestastareni: Webb & Viraktamath, 2009: 22; Maiestastrispinosa (Dash & Viraktamath)Deltocephalus (Recilia) trispinosus Dash & Viraktamath, 1998: 35, figs 296\u2013304 (India).Maiestastrispinosa: P.lineaticollis (Distant)Paramesodeslineaticollis  (India); Paramesodesishurdii Mahmood & Meher, 1973: 135 (Pakistan). Synonymised by Diagnosis.Drabescini are medium sized to large leafhoppers, variable in colour and shape. They can be identified by the following combination of characters: antennae long situated near upper part of face; antennal pits large, often encroaching onto frontoclypeus; anterior margin of head smooth, irregularly textured, or with one to many carinae or striae; nymph often with apical process on head. Two subtribes are present (see key and below).Drabescus St\u00e5lD.angulatus SignoretFig. 1Drabescusangulatus Signoret, 1880: 210; Dryadomorpha KirkaldyRemarks. See D.pallida KirkaldyD.pallida Kirkaldy, 1906: 336; Remarks. See Diagnosis. These are medium sized to large, squat, robust leafhoppers. They can be identified by the short and broad head, anterior margin of head glabrous, large forewing appendix , subgenital plates fused to each other, valve apparently absent or fused to subgenital plates, style with broad basal part articulated with linear or modified apical part, and connective fused to the aedeagus.G. (Epistagma) guttulinervis (Kirschbaum)Jassus (Athysanus) guttulinervis Kirschbaum, 1868: 116 (Europe).Thamnotettixputoni Lethierry, 1874: 444.Goniagnathusocellatus Jacobi, 1910: 133.Goniagnathusguttulinervis: G. (Tropicognathus) nepalicus Viraktamath & GnaneswaranFig. 3Goniagnathus (Tropicognathus) nepalicus Viraktamath & Gnaneswaran, 2009: 56\u201357, figs 5, 6, 19\u201324 ; G. (Tropicognathus) punctifer Bythoscopuspunctifer Walker, 1858: 104.Goniagnathuselongatus Lethierry, 1892: 209.Goniagnathusspurcatus: Goniagnathuspunctifer: Goniagnathus (Tropicognathus) punctifer: Duan and Zhang 2009: 53, figs 2A\u2013E, 7E, 7K, 8D (China); Shah and Duan 2020b: 19, figs 6\u20138 (Pakistan).G. (Tropicognathus) quadripinnatus Dash & ViraktamathGoniagnathus (Tropicognathus) quadripinnatus Dash & Viraktamath, 2001: 74\u201376, figs 45\u201350 (India); Remarks. A revision of Oriental Hecalini was given by Diagnosis. The members of this tribe are medium sized to large, somewhat to strongly dorsoventrally flattened, stramineous, yellow, green, or brown leafhoppers, sometimes with bright orange or reddish markings. They can be identified by the produced and parabolically shaped head, dorsoventrally flattened body, lateral margin of pronotum as long as or longer than the basal width of eye, ocelli closer to eyes than laterofrontal sutures, apodemes of male sternite I long and relatively narrow, apodemes of male sternite II broad and well-developed, male pygofer often produced or pointed posterodorsally, segment X withdrawn into pygofer, ventral margins of male pygofer often lobate, aedeagus often with one or two pairs of apical processes, first valvula dorsal sculpturing granulose to maculate and submarginal, first valvula often with distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing, second valvula usually without teeth, humpbacked dorsally, and concave ventrally.Glossocratus sp.Remarks. From the figure (unidentified) given by H.erectus Naveed & ZhangHecaluserectus Naveed & Zhang, 2018d: 581, fig. 1A\u2013H; pl. IA\u2013C (Pakistan).H.ghaurii Rao & RamakrishnanFig. 8Hecalusghaurii Rao & Ramakrishnan, 1990b: 388, figs 1\u201311 (India); H.muzaffarabadensis Naveed & ZhangHecalusmuzaffarabadensis Naveed & Zhang, 2018d: 585, fig. 3A\u2013D; pl. I, figs H\u2013J (Pakistan).H.prasinus (Matsumura)Parabolocratusprasinus Matsumura, 1905: 48 (Japan); H.rawalakotensis Naveed & ZhangHecalusrawalakotensis Naveed & Zhang, 2019c: 596, figs 1A\u2013I, 2A\u2013D (Pakistan).H.snipus Naveed and ZhangHecalussnipus Naveed & Zhang, 2018d: 386, fig. 4A\u2013G; pl. II, figs A\u2013C (Pakistan).H.umballaensis DistantHecalusumballaensis Distant, 1908: 274; H.veracious Naveed & ZhangHecalusveracious Naveed & Zhang, 2018d: 587, fig. 6A\u2013H; pl. II, figs G\u2013I (Pakistan).L.arcuata (Motschulsky)Fig. 72Platymetopiusarcuatus: Motschulsky, 1859: 115.Tetigoniakalidasa Kirkaldy, 1900: 294.Parabolocratuscitrinus Evans, 1941: 36.Vartamoshiensis Rao, 1973: 96 (India).Hecalusarcuatus: Linnavuoriellaarcuata: T.porrecta Fig. 74Acocephalusporrectus Walker, 1858: 362.Platymetopiuslineolatus Motschulsky, 1859: 114.Hecaluskirschbaumii St\u00e5l, 1870: 737.Thomsoniellaalbomaculata Distant, 1908: 278, fig. 178.Parabolocratusmerino Capco, 1959: 333.Thomsoniellaporrecta: Thomsoniaporrecta: Diagnosis. These are small to medium sized, yellow, light green or brown leafhoppers. They can be identified by the combination of following characters: ocelli distant from eyes, clypellus long, narrow and extending well beyond normal curve of gena, and metatarsomere I with platellae on plantar surface.P.minuta Viraktamath & SohiPinoponaminuta Viraktamath & Sohi, 1998: 114, figs 1\u201315 .S.webbi Ghauri & ViraktamathSohiponawebbi Ghauri & Viraktamath, 1987: 50, figs 11\u201329 (Pakistan).Diagnosis. These are small to medium sized ivory, greyish, or black leafhoppers, often with dark markings. They can be identified by the parallel-sided or tapering clypellus, pygofer dorsal margin with spine-like process and aedeagus articulated with plate-like \u201cdorsal connective\u201d at dorsal margin of socle.Limotettix (Scleroracus) Van DuzeeL. (S.) cacheolus Fig. 14Ophiolastratula var.cacheola Ball, 1928: 189.Limotettix (Scleroracus) cacheolus: Diagnosis.Macrostelini are small to medium sized, slender, often stramineous, yellow, or greenish leafhoppers, with or without dark markings. They can be identified by their long, slender shape, forewing with two anteapical cells, subgenital plates usually with membranous digitate apical lobe, and male pygofer macrosetae sometimes plumose.B.incisa (Matsumura)Gnathodusincisa Matsumura, 1902: 360 (Japan).Balcluthaindica Pruthi, 1930: 48, pl. IV, figs 4, 4a, 4b, text figs 67, 68 (Eugnathodus), India. Synonymised by Balcluthaincisa: B.punctata (Fabricius)Fig. 12Cicadapunctata Fabricius, 1775: 687.Balcluthapunctata: B.pararubrostriata Rao & RamakrishnanBalcluthapararubrostriata Rao & Ramakrishnan, 1990a (India): 106; B.rubrostriata (Melichar)Gnathodusrubrostriatus Melichar, 1903: 208.Balclutharubrostriata: B.sujawalensis AhmedBalcluthasujawalensis Ahmed, 1986: 54, fig. 2 (Pakistan).Balcluthaknighti Rao & Ramakrishnan, 1990a: 106, figs 1\u20138 (India). Synonymised by A.viridinervis MatsumuraBalcluthaviridinervis Matsumura, 1914: 166; C.bipunctata (Melichar)Gnathodusbipunctata Melichar, 1904: 47.Cicadulabipunctella Matsumura, 1914: 173 (Taiwan).Cicadulinabipunctata: C.chinai GhauriCicadulinachinai Ghauri, 1964: 205 (India).Cicadulinastriata Ahmed, 1986: 57, fig. 4, syn. nov.Cicadulinachinai: Remarks. Original figures of C.striata show similarity to C.chinai in the shape of the pygofer process and aedeagus in lateral view but the aedeagus in posterior view (if drawn correctly) is a bit narrower. Described from the holotype male and several paratypes from Gharo, Thatta district, Sindh province, Pakistan maize, 11.x.85, Ahmed (ZMUK); no type specimens could be found.M.indrina (Pruthi)Figs 64Cicadulaindrina Pruthi, 1930: 61\u201362, pl. V fig. 5, text figs 83\u201384. N (India).Macrostelesindrina. New combintion by Macrostelesparafalcatus Naveed & Zhang, 2018e: 266, figs 5A\u2013J, 6A\u2013C (Pakistan), syn. nov.Remarks. A re-examination of the material identified and figured as M.indrina by M.parafalcatus shows that there is insufficient evidence to separate the two species. The two species differ only very slightly in the separation of the long apodemes of the second abdominal sternite (fig. 64). Other differences seen in their respective original figures, i.e., of the aedeagus and style, are due to differences of orientation. Therefore, we consider the two species to be synonyms.M.shahidi AhmadMacrostelesshahidi Ahmed, 1986: 55, fig. 3 (Pakistan).Remarks. The identity of this species is uncertain (see Khatri & Webb 2010: 14).Diagnosis. These are small to medium sized, often dorsoventrally depressed or ventrally flattened, brown, black, whitish, yellow, or green, leafhoppers, sometimes marked with orange or red. They can be identified by the produced head, often with frontoclypeus tumid distally, ventral part of face flat, lying nearly horizontally or concave, and ocelli distant from eyes.M.splendida DistantMukariasplendida Distant, 1908: 270 (India); Diagnosis.Opsiini are small to large, stramineous, yellow, green, or brown leafhoppers. They can be identified by the bifurcate aedeagus with two shafts and gonopores. Some Mukariini and Ascius (Scaphytopiini) have a similarly divided aedeagus but Opsiini lack the other characters that define those groups.H.phycitis (Distant)Figs 44Eutettixphycitis Distant, 1908: 363\u2013364, fig. 231 (India).Eutettixlugubris Distant, 1918: 60. Synonymised by Hishimonusorientalis Emeljanov, 1969: 1102. Synonymised by Hishimonusphycitis: Knight, 1970: 128\u2013130, figs 10, 11, 13; M.lugubris (Distant)Mahalanalugubris Distant, 1918: 64 (India).Ziziphoidespunctatus: Rao, 1967: 239, figs 1\u20136.Masiripiuslugubris: N. (Circulifer) tenellus (Baker)Thamnotettixtenella Baker, 1896: 24.Eutettixtenellus: Circulifertenellusambiguosus Young & Frazier, 1954: 34, fig. 3.Neoaliturustenellus: Neoaliturus (Circulifer) tenellus Mozaffarian & Wilson, 2016: 24 (Iran).N. (Circulifer) opacipennis (Lethierry)Cicadulaopacipennis Lethierry, 1876: 83.Cicadulavittiventris Lethierry, 1876: 84.Cicadulanausharensis Pruthi, 1936: 113\u2013114, fig. 127, pl. VIII, fig. 15 (Pakistan). Synonymised by Neoaliturusopacipennis: O.smaragdinus (Distant)Eutettixsmaragdinus Distant, 1908: 364 (India).Cestiustriradiatus Ahmed & Sultana, 1994: 129, fig. 2 (Pakistan).Opsiussmaragdinus: O.versicolor (Distant)Cestiusversicolor Distant, 1908: 310, fig. 198 (India).Opsiusdissimilis Vilbaste, 1961: 43.Cestiussakroensis Ahmed & Sultana, 1994: 126, fig. 1 (Pakistan). Synonymised by Opsiusversicolor: O.aegypticus GhauriFig. 10Orosiusaegypticus Ghauri, 1966: 251, fig. 11 (Egypt).O.albicinctus DistantOrosiusalbicinctus Distant, 1918: 85 (India); Diagnosis. These are small to medium sized leafhoppers. They can be identified by the combination of the following characters: clypellus tapering apically or parallel-sided, lorum narrower than clypellus at base; connective with anterior arms closely appressed, articulated with aedeagus; female first valvula sculpturing imbricate or rarely maculate or granulose. The tribe is very similar morphologically to the closely related Deltocephalini, from which it can be distinguished by the articulation between the connective and aedeagus , although a few species of Flexamia  have the connective fused to the aedeagus.Remarks.HengchuniapakistanicaC.ceylonensis (Baker)Deltocephalusbimaculatus Melichar, 1903: 204 (Sri Lanka); Deltocephalusceylonensis Baker, 1925: 537. Replacement name forDeltocephalusbimaculatus Melichar.Cicadulabipunctatus Pruthi, 1930:59, pl. V, fig. 3 (India). Synonymised by Changwhaniachangwhani Kwon, 1980: 99, figs 1\u20138 (Korea). Synonymised by Changwhaniaceylonensis: C.terauchii (Matsumura)Fig. 18Aconuraterauchii Matsumura, 1915: 163, Table 1, fig. 8; Changwhaniaterauchii Kwon, 1980: 97\u201399, figs 1 (1\u20133), 2 (1\u20138) (Korea); J.gopii (Pruthi)Deltocephalusgopii Pruthi, 1936: 127, pl. IX, fig. 9, text fig. 138 (Pakistan).Jilingagopii (Pruthi), comb. nov. by Webb & Heller, 1990: 8; J.neelumensis Naveed & ZhangJilinganeelumensis Naveed & Zhang, 2018g: 569, figs 1A\u2013C, 3A\u2013H, 4A\u2013B (Pakistan).J.truncata Naveed & ZhangFig. 20Jilingatruncata Naveed & Zhang, 2018g: 571, figs 1D\u2013F, 2A\u2013C, 5A\u2013I (Pakistan).P.cingulatus (Dlabola)Figs 35Paralimnuscingulatus Dlabola, 1960: 2.Paralimnus (Bubulcus) cingulatus Dlabola, 1961: 320.Paralimnelluscingulatus: Bubulcuscingulatus: Paralimnus (Dlabolasia) cingulatus: Paralimnelluscingulatus: P.emarginata SinghPsammotettixemarginata Singh, 1969: 356, figs 51\u201355 (India).Psammotettixswatensis Ahmed, 1986: 52, fig. 1.Psammotettixquettensis Ara & Ahmed, 1988: 292, fig. 2.Psammotettixemarginata: S.nigrominutus EvansFig. 21Soractellusnigrominutus Evans, 1966: 225\u2013226, fig. 35H ; Chalam and Subba Rao 2005: 234, figs 6\u201310 (India); Stiller 1988 (Africa); Soractellusjianfengensis Xing & Li, 2014: 297\u2013300, figs 1\u201314, (China). Synonymised by Soractelluslalianensis Naveed & Zhang, 2018k: 595\u2013599 (Pakistan). Synonymised by Diagnosis.Penthimiini are small to medium, squat, robust, often black or brown leafhoppers; often with ventral part of face and/or entire ventral side flattened and dorsal side convex. They can be identified by the ocelli on crown and often distant from eyes, strong antennal ledge, dorsally flattened and carinate protibia, and forewing with appendix large and extending around wing apex.N.acocephaloides MelicharFig. 2Neodartusacocephaloides Melichar, 1903: 163; P.compacta WalkerPenthimiacompacta Walker, 1851: 842; Penthimiasubniger Distant, 1908: 243\u2013244, fig. 154.Penthimiascapularis Distant, 1908: 244.Penthimiamaculosa Distant, 1908: 244\u2013245, in part.Diagnosis.Scaphoideini, following Zhaniser and Dietrich (2013: 148), is a rather poorly defined tribe. It was defined by these authors in the following way (with wording from their key to tribes in square brackets and added characters from Viraktamath and Yeshwanth (2020) in bold): \u201cNone of the following characters are present in all taxa, but some combination of [most of] these characters is present in all and a few (*) appear to be unique to this tribe: head narrower than pronotum, produced; genae sometimes wide and visible dorsally; frontoclypeus long and narrow; antennae long [longer than width of head]; body slender; head and wings often with brown, orange, ochraceous, or ivory markings; forewing with one or more darkly pigmented reflexed veins in vicinity of outer anteapical cell; profemur row AV setae absent or reduced (without stout setae); metatibia macrosetae in row PD long, as long as or longer than 0.5x length of protibia*; male or female pygofer with dense tufts of long fine or regular [macro] setae*; subgenital plate apex membranous or long, digitate, and somewhat membranous or weakly sclerotised; subgenital plates with long fine setae laterally and/or dorsally ; basal processes of aedeagus or connective sometimes present, connected or articulated to base of aedeagus or apex of connective stem; aedeagus sometimes fused to connective\u201d. The last mentioned character is found in Sikhamani Viraktamath and Webb and Thryaksha Viraktamath and Murthy.B.pakistanicus Khatri & WebbBampuriuspakistanicus Khatri & Webb, 2010: 18, pl. 1a; figs 1, 2 (Pakistan).G.genoicus DlabolaGrammacephalusgenoicus Dlabola, 1984: 52; G.indicus Viraktamath & MurthyGrammacephalusindicus Viraktamath & Anantha Murthy, 1999: 42 (india); G.pallidus LinnavuoriGrammacephaluspallidus Linnavuori, 1978: 479; G.punjabensis Shah & DuanGrammacephaluspunjabensis Shah & Duan, 2019: 82, figs 11, 12 (Pakistan).G.rahmani (Pruthi)Platymetopiusrahmani Pruthi, 1930: 33, pl. III, figs 2, 2a, text figs 45\u201346 .Grammacephalusrahmani , G.raunoi ViraktamathFigs 33Grammacephalusraunoi Viraktamath, 1981: 9, figs 30\u201336 (India); M.dissimilis (Distant)Xestocephalusdissimilis Distant, 1918: 55 (India).Deltocephalusfuscovarius Distant, 1918: 83. Synonymised by Webb and Viraktamth 2009: 29Monobazusdissimilis: N.egyptiacus (Matsumura)Fig. 16Scaphoideusegyptiacus Matsumura, 1908: 29.Neolimnusegyptiacus Linnavuori, 1953: 114; ScaphoideuskarachiensisO. (M.) macchiae LindbergCirculifermacchiae Lindberg, 1948: 160.Osbornellus (Mavromoustaca) consanguineus Dlabola, 1967: 38. Synonymised by Kartel 1982: 27.Osbornellus (Mavromoustaca) macchiae Khatri & Webb, 2010: 8, pl. 1e; fig. 3 (Pakistan).P.indicus RaoFig. 75Phlogotettixindicus Rao, 1989: 77; S.harlani Kitbamroong & FreytagFig. 55Scaphoideusharlani Kitbamroong & Freytag, 1978: 11; Diagnosis. These are small to medium sized, rarely brightly coloured but iridescent leafhoppers when alive. They can be identified by the narrow crown, shagreen texture of crown, clypellus parallel-sided or tapering apically, forewings often submacropterous to brachypterous, male pygofer sloping caudoventrally and with few macrosetae and often with a distinct lateral tooth, female ovipositor protruding far beyond the pygofer apex, first valvula dorsal sculpturing granulose to maculate and submarginal, first valvula with distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing, and second valvula without dorsal teeth.S.kumratensis Naveed & ZhangStirelluskumratensis Naveed & Zhang, 2020b: 481, figs 5, 6, 9\u201315 (Pakistan).S.lahorensis (Distant)Fig. 54Volusenuslahorensis Distant, 1918: 72 (Pakistan).Stirelluspeshawarensis Mahmood, Sultana & Waheed, 1972: 80. Synonymised by Paternusjhokensis Ahmed & Aziz, 1988: 805. Synonymised by Stirelluslahorensis: S.mankiensis Shah & DuanFigs 32Stirellusmankiensis Shah & Duan, 2020a: 198, figs 9, 10 (Pakistan).S.neoconvexus Naveed & ZhangStirellusneoconvexus Naveed & Zhang, 2020b: 481, figs 7, 8, 16\u201320 (Pakistan).S.thattaensis Mahmood, Sultana & WaheedFig. 63Stirellusthattaensis Mahmood, Sultana & Waheed, 1972: 82, fig. 2 (Pakistan).S.viridulus (Pruthi)Fig. 71Paternusviridula Pruthi, 1930: 42, pl. IV, figs 1, 1a, text figs 57\u201359 (India).Paternusviridulus Metcalf, 1967a: 2350.Stirellusviridulus: S.tolla (Pruthi)Aconuratolla Pruthi, 1930: 39, pl. III, figs 7, 7a, text fig. 54 (India); Shah and Duan 2020a: 196, figs 6\u20138 (Pakistan).Diagnosis.Vartini are medium sized to large, somewhat elongate, greenish or bluish leafhoppers, usually with red or orange longitudinal stripes. They can be identified by the produced and pointed head, gena visible behind eye in dorsal view, elongate frontoclypeus, lorum distant from genal margin, profemur intercalary row setae thick and extending to or beyond middle of profemur, forewings truncate apically, apodemes of male sternite II long, subrectangular, flared apically, and pointed posterolaterally, connective with anterior arms appressed, and male segment X tube-like and protruding from pygofer and often well sclerotised.V.rubrofasciata DistantVartarubrofasciata Distant, 1908: 321, fig. 205 (India);"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Pragya Agarwala. The correct citation is: Sharma K, Agarwala P, Gandhi D, Mathias A, Singh P, et al. (2021) Comparative analysis of various clinical specimens in detection of SARS-CoV-2 using rRT-PCR in new and follow up cases of COVID-19 infection: Quest for the best choice. PLOS ONE 16(4): e0249408."}
{"text": "The first author\u2019s name appears incorrectly. The correct name is: SK Shaheenur Islam.The correct author contributions are:Data curation: SK Shaheenur Islam, Tanzida Begum RumiMethodology: SK Shaheenur Islam, Tanzida Begum Rumi, Zeaur RahimSoftware: SK Shaheenur Islam, A. K. M. Anisur Rahman.Writing\u2013original draft: SK Shaheenur Islam, Tanzida Begum Rumi, A. K. M. AnisurRahman.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241717The correct citation is: Islam SS, Rumi TB, Kabir SML, van der Zanden AGM, Kapur V, Rahman AKMA, et al. (2020) Bovine tuberculosis prevalence and risk factors in selected districts of Bangladesh. PLoS ONE 15(11): e0241717."}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86842-7, published online 09 April 2021Correction to: The original version of this Article contained errors.The email address for author Manabu Tanifuji was incorrect. The correct email address for Manabu Tanifuji is mana.tanifuji@gmail.com.Additionally, Reference\u00a029 was incorrectly given as:J. Neurosci.\u00a038, 7255\u20137269 (2018).Issa, E. B., Bashivan, P., Kar, K., Schmidt, K. & DiCarlo, J. J. Large-scale, high-resolution comparison of the core visual object recognition behavior of humans, monkeys, and state-of-the-art deep artificial neural networks.\u00a0The correct reference is listed below:et al. Large-scale, high-resolution comparison of the core visual object recognition behavior of humans, monkeys, and state-of-the-art deep artificial neural networks.\u00a0J. Neurosci.\u00a038, 7255\u20137269 (2018).Rajalingham, R. The original Article and accompanying Supplementary Information files have been corrected."}
{"text": "PLoS Biology, volume 5, issue 3: doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050091In The incorrect image was published with this synopsis. The correct image, along with the caption, appears below."}
{"text": "PLoS Medicine, volume 3, issue 7: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030309In The name Carl Elliot was misspelled; the correct spelling is Carl Elliott."}
{"text": "Correction for:Schistosoma mansoni: An Essential Parasite Enzyme and a Key Drug Target. PLoS Med 4(6): e206. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040206Kuntz AN, Davioud-Charvet E, Sayed AA, Califf LL, Dessolin J, et al. (2007) Thioredoxin Glutathione Reductase from In the supporting information section of this paper, the structures of oltipraz and safranin in Figure S1 were incorrect.Figure S1(407 KB DOC)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "PLoS Medicine, volume 3, issue 6: DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030130InTable 2 should have included the following information about the CMAJ : frequency of publication, twice a month; circulation, 70,000; cost of one-time full-page four-color advertisement, US$4,414 ; cost per thousand readers exposed, US$63 (CAD$70)."}
{"text": "PLoS Computational Biology, volume 2, issue 4: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020027In The abbreviation GB/SA had an incorrect definition in the Abstract, Introduction, and Abbreviations list. The correct definition of GB/SA is generalized-Born/surface area."}
{"text": "PLoS Medicine, volume 4, issue 5, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040190:In Reference 22 was truncated. The full reference should be:22. Barker DJ, Osmond C, Forsen TJ, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG (2005) Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults. N Engl J Med 353: 1802\u20131809."}
{"text": "There have been concerns that low blood cholesterol concentrations may cause non-vascular mortality and morbidity. Randomisation of large numbers of people to receive a large, and prolonged, reduction in cholesterol concentrations provides an opportunity to address such concerns reliably.20,536 UK adults (aged 40\u201380 years) with vascular disease or diabetes were randomly allocated to receive 40 mg simvastatin daily or matching placebo. Prespecified safety analyses were of cause-specific mortality, and of total and site-specific cancer incidence. Comparisons between all simvastatin-allocated versus all placebo-allocated participants  involved an average difference in blood total cholesterol concentration of 1.2 mmol/L (46 mg/dL) during the scheduled 5-year treatment period.There was a highly significant 17% (95% CI 9\u201325) proportional reduction in vascular deaths, along with a non-significant reduction in all non-vascular deaths, which translated into a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (p = 0.0003). The proportional reduction in the vascular mortality rate was about one-sixth in each subcategory of participant studied, including: men and women; under and over 70 years at entry; and total cholesterol below 5.0 mmol/L or LDL cholesterol below 3.0 mmol/L. No significant excess of non-vascular mortality was observed in any subcategory of participant , and there was no significant excess in any particular cause of non-vascular mortality.Cancer incidence rates were similar in the two groups, both overall and in particular subcategories of participant, as well as at particular primary sites. There was no suggestion that any adverse trends in non-vascular mortality or morbidity were beginning to emerge with more prolonged treatment.These findings, which are based on large numbers of deaths and non-fatal cancers, provide considerable reassurance that lowering total cholesterol concentrations by more than 1 mmol/L for an average of 5 years does not produce adverse effects on non-vascular mortality or cancer incidence. Moreover, among the many different types of high-risk individual studied, simvastatin 40 mg daily consistently produced substantial reductions in vascular  mortality, as well as in the rates of non-fatal heart attacks, strokes and revascularisation procedures. Observational studies have found blood total cholesterol concentrations below about 4.0 mmol/L 155 mg/dL) to be associated with higher rates of mortality and morbidity from certain non-vascular causes  55 mg/dL . ExcludiMore recently, in previous trials of statin treatment, LDL cholesterol was typically reduced by about 1.0 mmol/L (38 mg/dl) and major vascular events reduced by about 25% -19. Alth) and are summarised below.Details of HPS have been reported previously -29  were eligible provided they had a medical history of: occlusive arterial disease; diabetes mellitus; or treated hypertension . People were ineligible if their own doctor considered statin therapy to be clearly indicated or contraindicated, or if they had a past history of: stroke, myocardial infarction or angina hospitalisation within the previous 6 months; chronic liver disease or evidence of abnormal liver function; severe renal disease or evidence of substantially impaired renal function; inflammatory muscle disease or evidence of muscle problems; concurrent treatment with cyclosporin, fibrates or high-dose niacin; child-bearing potential; severe heart failure; life-threatening conditions other than vascular disease or diabetes (including any cancer except non-melanoma skin cancer); or any other condition that might limit long-term compliance.Eligible and consenting patients entered a pre-randomisation \"run-in\" treatment phase, which involved 4 weeks of placebo followed by 4\u20136 weeks of 40 mg simvastatin daily. Compliant individuals who were still not considered by their own doctors to have a clear indication for, or contraindication to, statin therapy were then randomly allocated to receive 40 mg simvastatin daily or matching placebo tablets for about 5 years . RandomInformation was recorded at each follow-up about any suspected myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular procedure, cancer or other serious adverse experience, and about the main reasons for all other hospital admissions. UK national registries provided information about the sites of any registered cancers and the certified causes of death. Further details were sought from general practitioners  about all reports that might relate to major vascular events, cancers (e.g. investigations) or deaths. All such information was coded according to prespecified criteria by coordinating centre clinical staff, who were unaware of the participants' study treatment allocation. Analyses were based on confirmed plus unrefuted reports of events. Cancers were classified according to their primary anatomical site rather than their histology (except that skin cancers were subclassified as melanoma or non-melanoma), with definite confirmation for 98% of the included cancers. Mortality follow-up was available for 99.7% of participants, with certified causes for 98.2% of deaths.The main comparisons involved logrank analyses of the first occurrence of particular events during the scheduled treatment period among all those allocated simvastatin versus all those allocated matching placebo tablets (i.e. \"intention-to-treat\"). These logrank analyses yielded both the event rate ratio (RR) and the test of statistical significance . The prespecified primary comparisons were of the effects of allocation to simvastatin on deaths from all causes and, separately, on deaths from all coronary causes and from all non-coronary causes. But since simvastatin appeared to reduce the risk of death not only from coronary causes but also from other vascular causes  , the prePrespecified secondary comparisons included the effects of simvastatin allocation on specific vascular and non-vascular causes of death , with duThe investigators were responsible for the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, and writing of the report, independently of all funding sources.A total of 20,536 individuals were randomised between July 1994 and May 1997. Mean age at study entry was 64.0 years (SD 8.4), with 5806 aged at least 70 years. Prior to any statin treatment being started, participants who were subsequently randomised had mean non-fasting plasma concentrations of total cholesterol of 5.9 mmol/L (SD 1.0), directly-measured LDL cholesterol of 3.4 mmol/L (0.8), HDL cholesterol of 1.06 mmol/L (0.3) and triglycerides of 2.1 mmol/L (1.4). There were 4072 randomised participants whose pretreatment measurements of total cholesterol were below 5.0 mmol/L (193 mg/dL) and 6793 with pretreatment LDL cholesterol below 3.0 mmol/L (116 mg/dL). The large size of the study (and the use of minimised randomisation ) produceThe mean duration of follow-up was 5.0 years for all randomised participants: 5.3 years for those who survived to the scheduled end of study treatment and about half that for those who did not . Compliance at each follow-up was defined as at least 80% of the scheduled simvastatin or placebo tablets having been taken since the previous follow-up. Among the participants allocated 40 mg simvastatin daily, average statin use during the scheduled treatment period was 85% . By contrast, among those allocated placebo, 4% at the end of the first year of follow-up, but 32% at the end of the fifth year, were taking non-study statin therapy, yielding an average of 17%. Non-study statin use in the placebo group was more common among those who already had diagnosed coronary disease at entry, were younger or had higher pretreatment total or LDL cholesterol concentrations . In eachOverall, allocation to simvastatin produced a highly significant 17%  proportional reduction in vascular mortality during the 5 years of the study table . This reThe apparent reductions in different types of vascular death with allocation to simvastatin are reinforced by more definite effects on the larger numbers of non-fatal and fatal vascular events considered together. For example, the very definite 27%  proportional reduction in vascular mortality emerged during the first two years after the initiation of simvastatin treatment  of 2.06 L simvastatin vs 2.05 L placebo ; and forced vital capacity (FVC) of 2.82 L vs 2.82 L . This was the case even among participants with pretreatment total cholesterol measurements below 5.0 mmol/L: FEV1 of 2.16 L vs 2.15 L ; and FVC of 2.94 L vs 2.95 L .Overall, there was no evidence that reducing total cholesterol by an average of 1.2 mmol/L for 5 years produced any adverse effect on the aggregate of all non-vascular deaths . Few patients reported developing cirrhosis (4 vs 4), but there was no apparent adverse effect on the much larger number with any non-fatal or fatal liver-related serious adverse event, either overall  or among those with pretreatment total cholesterol measurements below 5.0 mmol/L . There was also no suggestion of any adverse effect of cholesterol-lowering therapy on other medical causes of death , and non-melanoma skin cancer reported following randomisation was to be considered separately from other cancers. During the 5-year scheduled treatment period, there were more reports of non-melanoma skin cancer among the simvastatin-allocated participants (243 [2.4%] vs 202 [2.0%]: RR 1.20 [0.99\u20131.44]), only one of which was associated with death. This difference is not conventionally significant (p = 0.06), even before allowing for the multiple comparisons involved. Moreover, it did not appear to reflect a clear excess in either basal cell carcinomas  or in squamous cell carcinomas . Nor did this slight excess of non-melanoma skin cancer become more apparent with more prolonged treatment, as might be expected if it was causally related. Indeed, the excess was observed largely during years 1 & 2 (107 [1.0%] vs 76 [0.7%]), with little apparent difference during years 3 & 4 (91 [0.9%] vs 86 [0.9%]) or years 5+ (45 [0.5%] vs 40 [0.4%]).The large size of the Heart Protection Study, its prospective randomised design and the inclusion of a broad range of participants allow it to assess reliably both the efficacy and the safety of cholesterol lowering in a variety of different circumstances. The present results demonstrate that lowering LDL cholesterol by about 1 mmol/L (38 mg/dL) for 5 years with a statin reduces the rate of death from vascular causes by about one-sixth, with no apparent adverse effect on non-vascular mortality or morbidity. This proportional reduction in vascular mortality was remarkably consistent among the different types of participant studied, including women as well as men, older as well as younger individuals, and those who entered the study with below average cholesterol concentrations. Furthermore, the lack of any significant hazard was also consistent among the different types of participant, and there was no suggestion of any adverse effects emerging with more prolonged follow-up.The prespecified analyses for assessing the benefits of statin allocation in different types of participant were to be of major vascular and coronary events. Because much larger numbers suffered at least one such event, analyses of those outcomes can help interpret the observed effects on the smaller numbers of deaths from vascular causes. For example, the proportional reduction in vascular mortality observed among the 5082 participating women was very similar to that among the men. But since fewer women took part and their absolute risk of vascular death was somewhat lower, this result did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance on its own (p = 0.08). Even so, the very definite and highly significant reductions in major vascular events observed among the participating women figure  indicateDespite the proven benefits of statins in people with coronary heart disease, it has been suggested that statins may have adverse effects among people with overt heart failure . Only smThe significant 13% (SE 4) reduction in all-cause mortality observed in HPS reflects the combined impact in this high risk population of the significant 17% (4) reduction in vascular mortality produced by lowering LDL cholesterol by 1 mmol/L and the lack of any significant effect on deaths from non-vascular causes during 5 years of treatment. Since the proportion of vascular to non-vascular deaths will differ between populations, the observed reduction in all-cause mortality is not readily generalisable to other situations, whereas the reduction in vascular mortality may well be. Direct assessment of the effect of cholesterol lowering on total mortality could also obscure potentially important differences in the effects on cause-specific mortality in particular circumstances . ConsequHPS involved much larger numbers of non-vascular deaths, cancers and other serious non-vascular outcomes than any previous cholesterol-lowering study, as well as including large numbers of participants with relatively low cholesterol concentrations. It can, therefore, help address remaining uncertainty as to whether associations in non-randomised observational studies between lower total cholesterol concentrations e.g. <4 mmol/L) and higher rates of particular non-vascular conditions are causal or, instead, due to confounding or reverse causation ,4. Reass mmol/L aSome non-randomised observational studies have found lower cholesterol concentrations to be associated with higher mortality in the elderly ,33, and If lowering cholesterol really did have adverse effects on non-vascular mortality or morbidity  then thiAs might be expected from the approximately log-linear association in observational studies between vascular disease risk and cholesterol concentrations ,5, a 1 mBased on large numbers of deaths and other relevant outcomes, the present results show that lowering LDL cholesterol by an average of 1 mmol/L produces substantial reductions in vascular  mortality in a wide range of individuals at increased risk of occlusive arterial disease . These results also provide considerable reassurance that lowering total cholesterol concentrations by more than 1 mmol/L for an average of 5 years does not produce adverse effects on non-vascular mortality or cancer incidence, even among those who had their cholesterol concentrations reduced to very low levels. Indirectly, this observation provides some reassurance about the likely efficacy and safety of the more intensive cholesterol-lowering achievable with higher-dose or newer statins, and with combinations of standard statin doses and drugs acting through other pathways (such as resins or cholesterol absorption inhibitors). The present results provide further evidence of the benefits and safety of using statin therapy routinely in anyone  in whom a reduction in their vascular disease risk of about one third would be considered worthwhile.The Clinical Trial Service Unit has a staff policy of not accepting honoraria or other payments from the pharmaceutical industry, except for the reimbursement of costs to participate in scientific meetings. Coordinating centre members of the writing committee  have, therefore, only had such costs reimbursed. P Sleight has received honoraria as well as such reimbursement of costs.MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study Collaborative GroupWriting Committee-Jane Armitage, Rory Collins, Louise Bowman, Sarah Parish, Peter Sleight and Richard Peto.JA was involved in data collection, analysis and interpretation, and drafted the manuscript; RC conceived and designed the study and was involved in data collection, analysis and interpretation, and drafting of the manuscript; LB was involved in data collection and drafting of the manuscript; SP was involved in data collection, analysis, validation and interpretation; RP conceived and designed the study, and was involved in analysis and interpretation; PS was involved in the study design and interpretation. All authors provided comments on and approved the final manuscript.Steering Committee-R Collins , T Meade (chairman), P Sleight (vice-chairman), J Armitage , S Parish and R Peto (statisticians), L Youngman (laboratory director), M Buxton, D de Bono (deceased), C George, J Fuller, A Keech, A Mansfield, B Pentecost, D Simpson, C Warlow; J McNamara and L O'Toole (MRC observers).Data Monitoring Committee-R Doll (chairman), L Wilhelmsen (vice-chairman), K M Fox, C Hill, P Sandercock.Collaborators- : Aberdeen Royal: N Benjamin, J Webster; J Jamieson; L Donald. Bassetlaw Hospital: R Blandford; L Carrington, H McMahon; D Cheetham. Royal United, Bath: J Reckless; L Brice, R Carpenter, J Christmas; C Flower. Bedford: I Cooper; S Frampton, E Pickerell; J Wells. Belfast City: M Scott; V Crowe, A Shaw; L Shannon. Birmingham City: S Jones; G Faulkner, A Lavery, H O'Leary, R Watson; C Capewell, S Hughes. Birmingham Heartlands: S Bain, A Jones; G Holmes, C Jewkes; T Bellamy, P Harrison. Queen Elizabeth, Birmingham: N Buller; J Hooks, H Jones, E Smith, P Vint, R Watson; P Crook, J Williams. Bishop Auckland General: M Bateson; P Cawley, P Gill; L Hawkeswell, K Simpson. Royal Bournemouth: M Armitage; C Cope, J Tricksey, M Wilson; S Cottrell. Princess of Wales, Bridgend: C Jones; M Llewellyn, P Smith; T Woodsford. Royal Sussex County, Brighton: R Vincent; E Joyce, N Skipper; P Peters. Bristol Royal Infirmary: M Lemon (late), D Stansbie; A Hagos Kidan, M Halestap; A Gibbons, J Meredith. Frenchay, Bristol: C Dawkins, M Papouchado; L Baker, K Boulton, C Dawe; A Lewis, J Wisby. Addenbrooke's, Cambridge: M Brown; J Emeny, W Smith, D Thurston, D Trutwein; M Cornwell, D Lloyd. Castleford & Normanton: C White; M Hudson, M Khalifa, N MacKereth, J Woolford; G Martin. St Peter's, Chertsey: M Baxter; R Chambers, S Glenn, J Kerr; G Golesworthy, A Watts. Corby Community: G Baines; J Groom, L Price; I Barlow. Leighton, Crewe: S Mallya; J Maiden, M Nash; V Lowe. Derbyshire Royal Infirmary: M Millar-Craig, A Scott; S Cozens, J Hannah, M Hinwood, S. Hopcroft, M Margetts, H Waterhouse; J Millward. Darlington Memorial: J Murphy; M Charters, B Graham; M Banks, M Boon, C Cassidy, R Nobbs, Dewsbury District: T Kemp; P Turner; S Sheldrake. Russells Hall, Dudley: M Labib; R Pearson, J Sidaway; P Davies, M Hodgkiss. Queen Margaret, Dunfermline: D MacLeod; R Stuart; J Albrock, J Fisher, F Stuart. Edinburgh Royal Infirmary: C Swainson; S Glenn, J Johnston, S Sadler; M Curren, S Feirnie, L Stenhouse. Western General, Edinburgh: R Lindley, C Warlow; A Kenny, F Waddell; M Brownlie, I Guilar. Derriford, Plymouth: A Marshall, J Went; S Clarke, A Inman, J Simmonds; B Duook, G Mortimore, A Pascoe. Glasgow Royal Infirmary: S Cobbe; C Campbell, H Young; M Keeble. James Paget, Great Yarmouth: S Absalom; L Baillie, N Bracey; L Falco, D Stone. Hartlepool General: G Tildesley; B Carr, G Longstaff, A Turner, H Wilkinson; S Wilkinson. Hillingdon: R Hillson; D Brookes, B Capper, N. Mahabir, K Price; V Badrick. Huddersfield Royal Infirmary: H Griffiths; J Fitzgerald, S Lewis; P Campbell. Kettering General: G Baines; J Cullen, G Claypole, J Lomas; A Rogers. Royal Lancaster Infirmary: A Brown; J Cheshire; J Rowley. Leeds General Infirmary: S Ball, C Prentice, A Hall; P Atha, K Caffrey, W Currie, K Drury, C Hague, S Hall, P Maguire, C Rose, R Watson; A Buxton, A Wedgwood. St James University, Leeds: S Gilbey; W Currie, K Drury, S Hall, C Rose, J Wilson; M Vaughan. Walton Centre, Liverpool: P Humphrey; J Blocksage, R McSloy, K Ost, L Owen, S Saminaden, D Watling, J Wiseman; J Davies. Ealing General, London: A Kehely, J Kooner; I Corbett, J Peters, K Price, S Trainor; M Van Goethem. Guy's & St Thomas', London: J Chambers; M Crawshaw, A Jones, J O'Sullivan, S Powell, M Reoch, J Sanders; M-F Beament, B Fangrad, Y Williams. North Middlesex, London: S Banim, T Crake; B Ford, V Glynn; S Ismail. Royal Brompton, London: N Buller, A Coats; L Aitken, E Cruddas, K Serup-Hansen; D Nosworthy, N Reilly. Whittington, London: S Coppack, J Malone-Lee; P Clifton, A Holmes; L Camplin. Luton & Dunstable: D Peterson, C Travill; S Gent, A Hunter, C Stroud; K Griffiths. Macclesfield District General: E Davies; M Mason, A Robinson; S Belfield. Maidstone: J Chambers; L Bispham, J Massey, A Mercer, J Sheppard; S Burrage. Manchester Diabetes Centre: K Cruickshank; KL Chan, V Wharfe, J Woodward; F Alexander, Y Williams. Manchester Royal Infirmary: M Walker; P Campbell, J Day, S Edwards, B Kelly, P Nicholson; S Barrett, S Gleeson. North Manchester General: M Savage, J Swan; D McSorland, Gillian Thompson, C Waywell; C O'Neill, L Wharton. Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne: P Adams, R Lindley, N Cartilidge; M Mace, M Thompson; J Hulmes. Radcliffe Infirmary/John Radcliffe, Oxford: J Armitage, R Collins, P Sleight; S Beebe, M Campbell, J Godden, S Goodwin, A Lawson, H Lochhead, P Whitbread; S Knight, A Taylor, S Turner; Royal Alexandra, Paisley: I Findlay; C Campbell, J Hunter, H Young; E McNally. Whiteabbey, Newtownabbey: P Crowe; V Crowe, B Hunter, A Shaw; L Shannon. North Tyneside Health Care Centre, North Shields: R Curless, R Lindley, P McKenna, S Roberts; A Black, J Martin; M Burt. Northampton General: J O'Donnell; T Burdett, S Marsh, J Woodward; R O'Hare, C Owen. Poole General: A McLeod; M Richardson; C Reeves. Halton General, Runcorn: R Mallya; J Forshaw, J Hodson; H Lenden, G Osborn. St Helier: J Barron; A Ballard, B Docherty, M McDonnell, S Ritson, D Tyler; S Carter, C Rigney. Conquest, St Leonard's-on-Sea: R Wray; K Gaughan, J Sinclair; J Burleigh, J MacDonald. Royal Hallamshire, Sheffield: G Venables; C Doyle, M Fox, L Mundey; D Thompson, S Rowley. King's Mill Centre, Sutton-in-Ashfield: R Lloyd-Mostyn; D Bailey, I McKenzie; R Bamford. Singleton, Swansea: P Thomas; R Thomas; C Alexander, R Chohan, K Wood. Princess Royal, Telford: N Capps; D Donaldson, C Stiles, L Tonks; S Crank. Manor, Walsall: A Cunnington, P Giles; N Groves, E Walton; W Dance. Watford General: M Clements; C Feben, A Hunter, E Walker; L Atkins, R Kaiser, R Williats. Sandwell District General, West Bromwich: E Hughes; J Elson-Whitaker, S Sumara, C. Verow; G Banks, R Glover, K Hall. Worcester Royal Infirmary: A Munro, C Pycock, D Tibbutt; J Cadwell, M Greenwood; M Betts. Worthing: M Signy; E Joyce, C Wrapson; G McCourt, R Moore. Wycombe General: S Price, R Regan; M Aldersley; P Pendry. Coordinating Centre administration and computing, Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford: J Barton, C Bray, and K Jayne (administrative coordinators), V Booker, H Bojowsky, R Brooker, M Corbett, J Crowther, A Grantham, C Harwood, D Haywood, J Heineman, C Hope, C Indge, R Jones, S Jones, R Kanahan, K Kidney, M King, S Knight, H Lang, C Mardsen, C Mathews, G Meade (deceased), H Monaghan, K Murphy, A Naughton, A Owers, A Peto, S Pickworth, G Pocklington, A Radley, S Southren, K Szumczyk, R Tong, E Wincott; Clinical support and outcome adjudication: J Armitage and R Collins (study coordinators), A Keech and S MacMahon (piloting and planning), C Baigent, L Bowman, K Burbury, Z Chen, R Clarke, S Dunachie, V Frigi, M Landray, E Lau, C Sudlow, C Turnbull; Statistics and computing: S Parish and R Peto (statisticians), P Harding, M Lay, and K Wallendszus (computing coordinators), N Bruce, A Charles, A Cody, N Goodwin, R Greenlaw, B Hauer, P McCabe, A Palmer, C Peto, A Rowe, S Wilson, A Young, A Young; Coordinating Centre laboratory, Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford: L Youngman (director), K Kourellias, S Clark, and M Radley (laboratory coordinators), K Bhamra, L Buckingham, M Bradley, T Chavagnon, B Chukwarah, C Colominas, S Crowley, K Emmens, S Edwards, J Gordon, J Hill, A Lee, C Lennon, M McAteer, N Miller, S Norris, H Priestley, J Taylor, J Wintour, M Yeung; Nurse Monitors and trainers: S Beebe, M Campbell, J Fitzgerald, J Godden, A Lawson, S Lewis, H Lochhead, M McDonnell, M Nash, P Whitbread.The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:"}
{"text": "CRYAB Are Liable for Recessive Congenital Cataracts. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0137973. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137973The first author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Xiaodong Jiao. The correct citation is: Jiao X, Khan SY, Irum B, Khan AO, Wang Q, Kabir F, et al. (2015) Missense Mutations in"}
{"text": "Rickettsia felis in Australian patients. One Health. 2016; 2: 95\u201398.There is an error in reference 55. The correct reference is: Teoh YT, Hii SF, Graves S, Rees R, Stenos J, Traub RJ. Evidence of exposure to"}
{"text": "Materials has established an annual award for the best article and for the best review published in Materials in order to acknowledge the outstanding contributions of our authors in the area of materials science and engineering.Materials from among all articles and reviews published in 2011. We are now pleased to announce the five winners for the second edition of \u201cMaterials Best Paper Award\u201d for 2015: Article Award:First PrizeNieves Espinosa, Henrik Friis Dam, David M. Tanenbaum, Jens W. Andreasen, Mikkel J\u00f8rgensen and Frederik C. KrebsRoll-to-Roll Processing of Inverted Polymer Solar Cells using Hydrated Vanadium(V)Oxide as a PEDOT:PSS ReplacementMaterials2011, 4(1), 169\u2013182; doi:10.3390/ma4010169http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/4/1/169Available online: Second PrizeShingo Tachikawa, Atsushi Noguchi, Takeharu Tsuge, Masahiko Hara, Osamu Odawara and Hiroyuki WadaOptical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Capped with PolymersMaterials2011, 4(6), 1132\u20131143; doi:10.3390/ma4061132http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/4/6/1132Available online: Third PrizeLuigi Russo, Francesco Colangelo, Raffaele Cioffi, Ilaria Rea and Luca De StefanoA Mechanochemical Approach to Porous Silicon Nanoparticles FabricationMaterials2011, 4(6), 1023\u20131033; doi:10.3390/ma4061023http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/4/6/1023Available online: Review Award:First PrizeKirill V. Axenov and Sabine LaschatThermotropic Ionic Liquid CrystalsMaterials2011, 4(1), 206\u2013259; doi:10.3390/ma4010206http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/4/1/206Available online: Second PrizeGerrard Eddy Jai Poinern, Nurshahidah Ali and Derek FawcettProgress in Nano-Engineered Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membrane DevelopmentMaterials2011, 4(3), 487\u2013526; doi:10.3390/ma4030487http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/4/3/487Available online: Papers were selected by the Editors-in-Chief of Materials journal team congratulates the authors of these five exceptional papers and acknowledges their valuable contributions to Materials and to our scientific community. In recognition of their accomplishments, Dr. Frederik C. Krebs, Dr. Hiroyuki Wada and Dr. Luca De Stefano, our awardees for their original contributions, will receive 600 CHF, 400 CHF and 200 CHF respectively. In addition, Materials will offer them the publication of a paper in Materials free of charge in open access format after the usual peer-review procedure. The publication of one research paper free of charge in Materials will also be offered to Dr. Sabine Laschat and Dr. Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern, the winners of the Best Review Papers award.The Prize Awarding CommitteeEditor-in-ChiefProf. Dr. Maryam Tabrizianmaryam.tabrizian@mcgill.caDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine/Faculty of Dentistry, Duff Medical Science Building, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; E-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u201cBiomaterials\u201dProf. Dr. Aldo R. BoccacciniInstitute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germanyaldo.boccaccini@ww.uni-erlangen.deE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u201cAdvanced Composites\u201dProf. Dr. Luciano FeoDepartment of Civil Engineering and Nano_Mates Center, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italyl.feo@unisa.itE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u201cStructure Analysis and Characterization\u201dProf. Dr. Jung Ho JeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Koreajhje@postech.ac.krE-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u201cPorous Materials\u201dProf. Dr. Rafael LuqueDepartamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-3 (Marie Curie-Anexo), Carretera Nacional IV-A, Km. 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spainq62alsor@uco.esE-Mail:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: David M. Kent. The correct citation is: Leung LY, Han PKJ, Lundquist C, Weinstein G, Thaler DE, Kent DM (2018) Clinicians\u2019 perspectives on incidentally discovered silent brain infarcts\u2014A qualitative study. PLoS ONE 13(3): e0194971."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Brian McEvoy. The correct citation is: Zaidi AA, Mattern BC, Claes P, McEvoy B, Hughes C, Shriver MD (2017) Investigating the case of human nose shape and climate adaptation. PLoS Genet 13(3): e1006616."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Gurjit Kaur Khurana Hershey. The correct citation is: Singh B, Jegga AG, Shanmukhappa KS, Edukulla R, Khurana Hershey GK, Medvedovic M, et al. (2016) IL-31-Driven Skin Remodeling Involves Epidermal Cell Proliferation and Thickening That Lead to Impaired Skin-Barrier Function. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0161877. doi:"}
{"text": "AbstractEschatoporini Blaisdell, 1906 is reinstated, based on molecular and morphological data, and the spelling corrected as Eschatoporiini. The tribe currently includes only the cave-dwelling genus Eschatoporis Blaisdell, 1906 from California, which is associated with underground aquifers. A second species of Eschatoporis is described from a cave in Napa County, California. The phylogenetic placement of Eschatoporiini within the Lagriinae is examined, and notes on the biology of Eschatoporis are provided.The tribe  Eschatoporisnunenmacheri, a new genus and species of blind tenebrionid collected from under a rock next to a spring. He compared this species to Eulabis Eschscholtz, 1829 and Cerenopus LeConte, 1851, at that time placed in the PageBreakScaurini. Blaisdell suggested that the tribe be expanded to include Eschatoporis or that it be placed in a new tribe which he named Eschatoporini. Eulabis, Centrioptera Mannerheim, 1843, and Cryptoglossa Solier, 1836 in his tribe Scaurides Billberg, 1820. Eulabis was placed in \u201cGroupe III: Nyctoporides\u201d  and Asbolus LeConte, 1851 (= Cryptoglossa) see Cerenopus and Eulabis from the Cryptoglossini  to the subfamily Lagriinae, based on morphological data (see discussion below), but placed it as incertae sedis within the lagriine tribal classification due to the lack of specimens to dissect at that time. Eschatoporis in the tribe Goniaderini (Lagriinae). This placement was accepted by Eschatoporis in the Laenini based on the lack of defensive gland reservoirs and the presence of multiple non-glandular spermathecal tubules. The placement of Eschatoporis in the Goniaderini by Eschatoporis should have remained in the Laenini as pointed out Eschatoporis between various tribes, were recently summarized  are gratefully acknowledged for loan of their materials:ADSC Aaron Smith Collection, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA (Aaron D. Smith)CASC California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA (Dave Kavanaugh).CDFA California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, CA, USA. (Andrew R. Cline)NSDA Nevada State Department of Agriculture, Reno, Nevada, U.S.A. (Robert Bechtel)OSAC Oregon State Arthropod Collection, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. (David R. Maddison)RLAC Rolf L. Aalbu Collection, El Dorado Hills, California, USA. PageBreakwww.visionarydigital.com). Montaged images were assembled using Zerene Stacker (zerenesystems.com/stacker/) and backgrounds were cleaned up in Adobe Photoshop CS6. Internal structures were cleared with warm 10% KOH and stained with either Chlorazol Black E or Mercurochrome stains.Measurements were taken using digital calipers or an optical micrometer attached to a Leica MZ16 APO stereomicroscope. Images were taken using a Passport Imaging system , using a Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit. Four gene fragments were amplified: 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S), arginine kinase (ArgK), carbamoyl phosphate synthetase domain of the rudimentary gene (CAD), and wingless (wg). These gene fragments were previously sequenced for the Lagriinae sampled in MF370333\u2012MF370336).DNA was extracted from a specimen of http://insectbiodiversitylab.org/data/) includes 31 Lagriinae spanning all currently recognized tribes and five outgroup taxa from other subfamilies of Tenebrionidae.Sequences were incorporated into matrices from wg were first translated to amino acid sequences, which were aligned using MAFFT v. 7.130b , Bayesian (MB), and parsimony (MP) methods. For ML and MB analyses, optimal dataset partitions and substitution models were identified using the BIC implemented in PartitionFinder v.1.1.1  from iniMaximum Likelihood (ML) analyses were performed using RAxML v. 8.2.9  implemenEschatoporis, which would be the first example of this reservoir placement in tenebrionids. Whether these cuticular sacs  specimens examined. Later, Adeliini, found that in PageBreaksome adeliine genera, such as Isopteron Hope, 1840, the spermatheca and spermathecal accessory gland are subapical .imitive\u201d : 337. Thubapical : 786. Thtrix see : 699 is Eschatoporis in the Laenini, as some Laenini lack defensive glands. Lupropini and Laenini, glands are similar to those of Lagriini and open between sternites 7 and 8\u201d so glands may be present in some Laenini. In any case, the female internal tract of Laena (Laenini) differs from Eschatoporis in that the spermathecae are few and subapical and the spermathecal accessory gland is apical.This lack of sternal defensive glands, the lack of eyes in some species, as well as the plesiomorphic state of the external female genitalia tract, might place Eschatoporis sister to a monophyletic Adeliini , with no support for its inclusion in Laenini.Maximum Likelihood analyses of the 4-gene concatenated dataset recovered ini Fig. . BootstrTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraTenebrionidaeBlaisdell, 1906EschatoporiiniTenebrionidae, Lagriinae) Blaisdell, 1906 . Comment: incorrect original stem formation, not in prevailing usage  40:31:25:14:18. Seventh sternite with groove along lateral margin.Legs moderate in length, slender, profemur slightly inflated; leg ratios (femur: tibia) pro. 45:40; meso. 47:37; meta. 65:49; tibiae, tarsi with ventral surface bearing sparse long spine-like setae, femora sparsely setose. Tarsal length ratios as follows (base to apex): protarsus 12:7:5:5:18; mesotarsus 12:10:9:7:21; metatarsus 30:14:9:22.Male genitalia: Aedeagus  CALIF., Napa Co., White (Clay) Cave, nr. Deer Park, II-26-2005, R. L. Aalbu col. Holoype deposited at CASC.Allotype:  CALIF., Napa Co., White (Clay) Cave, nr. Deer Park, II-10-2007, R. L. Aalbu col. Allotype deposited at RLAC.Paratypes: CALIF., Napa Co., White (Clay) Cave, nr. Deer Park, IV-24-2004, R. L. Aalbu col., RLAC (2); same except II-27-2007 (2); same except II-26-2005 (7); same except II-10-2007 (1); same except IV-12-2008 (8); same except VIII-16-2004 (1); same PageBreakexcept II-20-2011 (2); same except V-3-2014 (3); same except II-12-2017 (4); same except IV-24-2004, kept alive, found dead VIII-16-2004 (2); same location, collected by K. Kanda and R. L. Aalbu,V-3-2014; Voucher specimen or DNA extraction KKDNA0329.CASC (abdomen only) (1); same except White (Clay) Cave, nr. Deer Park, II-26-2005, R. L. Aalbu col., RLAC (1); same except II-10-2007 (5); same except IV-12-2008 (17); same except II-20-2011 (6); same except III-28-2004 (7); same except III-9-2004 (9).(parts/ condition of specimens not adequate for paratype designation). CALIF., Napa Co. 9 mi. E St. Helena, White Cave, IV-10-1951, Hugh Leech col., Larvae: unknown.Eschatoporis can easily be separated by the clearly different setation patterns on the elytra. While in E.nunenmacheri, the elytra are covered with short setae ; same except V-3-1947, E. S. Ross, In rock crack 4\u2019 below surface, Eschatoporisnunenmacheri det. Aalbu, 2004 ; CALIF., Marin Co. Fairfax, IV-6-1919, Van Dyke Colln. ; same except V-25-1919, ; CALIF., Marin Co. Samuel P. Taylor St. Pk. II-3-1958 J. Helfer ; same except XII-13-1954, Eschatoporisnunenmacheri det. Boddy, 1955, (1); same except South Entrance, XI-3-1953 G. A. Marsh, R. O. Schuster cols., Eschatoporisnunenmacheri det. Boddy, 1955, (2).CALIF., Marin Co. Mill Valley, I-18-1948 , which was originally placed in Adeliini but subsequently transferred to Laenini , could be mistaken for a large species of Eschatoporis based on external morphology. Other Hypolaenopsis species also have reduced eyes. Even the species-rich genus Laena contains taxa with reduced eyes; such as L.subcoeca Kaszab, 1973 and L.sherpa Schawaller, 2002 , and L.deplanata Weise, 1878 from Turkey in which the eyes are reduced to single facets .nini see . Some HyPageBreakHypolaenopsisnanpingica were taken from the upper hypogean zone by digging soil mingled with gravel beneath large stones to the depth of 20\u201330 cm, about five or six meters above a stream."}
{"text": "The correct names are: Wesley H. Stepp, Clayton V. Long, Samuel W. Jones, and Bruce A. Cairns. The correct citation is: Eitas TK, Stepp WH, Sjeklocha L, Long CV, Riley C, Callahan J, et al. (2017) Differential regulation of innate immune cytokine production through pharmacological activation of Nuclear Factor-Erythroid-2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2) in burn patient immune cells and monocytes. PLoS ONE12(9): e0184164."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Laura Ledesma-Garc\u00eda. The correct citation is: Talagas A, Fontaine L, Ledesma-Garc\u00eda L, Mignolet J, Li de la Sierra-Gallay I, Lazar N, et al. (2016) Structural Insights into Streptococcal Competence Regulation by the Cell-to-Cell Communication System ComRS. PLoS Pathog 12(12): e1005980. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Felipe Diaz-Griffero. The correct citation is: Meyerson NR, Warren CJ, Vieira DASA, Diaz-Griffero F, Sawyer SL (2018) Species-specific vulnerability of RanBP2 shaped the evolution of SIV as it transmitted in African apes. PLoS Pathog 14(3): e1006906."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Maya M. Jeyaraman. The correct citation is: Abou-Setta AM, Jeyaraman MM, Attia A, Al-Inany HG, Ferri M, Ansari MT, et al. (2016) Methods for Developing Evidence Reviews in Short Periods of Time: A Scoping Review. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0165903. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Dagmar I. Keller. The correct citation is: Meier A, Higashigaito K, Martini K, Wurnig M, Seifert B, Keller DI, et al. (2016) Dual Energy CT Pulmonary Angiography with 6g Iodine\u2014A Propensity Score-Matched Study. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0167214. doi:"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2159010.1038/srep21590; published online: 02222016; updated: 01232017This Article contains errors in Reference 15 which was incorrectly given as:Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 183111 (2013).Song, Y., Zhai, F. & Guo, Y. Strain-tunable spin transport in ferromagnetic graphene junctions. The correct reference is listed below:Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 183111 (2013).Song, Y., Zhai, F. & Guo, Y. Generation of a fully valley-polarized current in bulk graphene."}
{"text": "The fourth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct spelling is Christina Zhukovsky. The correct citation is:10.1371/journal.pone.0172129Olivo G, Wiemerslage L, Swenne I, Zhukovsky C, Salonen-Ros H, Larsson E-M, et al. (2017) Limbic-thalamo-cortical projections and reward-related circuitry integrity affects eating behavior: A longitudinal DTI study in adolescents with restrictive eating disorders. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0172129. doi:"}
{"text": "Oryza sativa Monodehydroascorbate Reductase Gene (OsMDHAR) to Improve the Stress Tolerance and Fermentative Capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0158841. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158841. The correct contributions are: Performed the experiments: I-SK Y-SK AKP H-WK JHL.The fourth and sixth authors\u2019 names are spelled incorrectly. The correct names are Ae Kyung Park and Jun-Hyuck Lee respectively. The correct citation is: Kim I-S, Kim Y-S, Kim Y-H, Park A.K, Kim H-W, Lee J.H, et al. (2016) Potential Application of the"}
{"text": "Cerebral Oxygenation and the Patent Ductus ArteriosusThe hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) remains a controversial topic. Clinicians and researchers are still debating whether or not it should be treated, what the best treatment strategy is and when would be the best time to intervene (48\u201351).48.Pediatrics (2000) 106(4):625\u201332. doi:10.1542/peds.106.4.625Tsuji M, Saul JP, du Plessis A, Eichenwald E, Sobh J, Crocker R, et al. Cerebral intravascular oxygenation correlates with mean arterial pressure in critically ill premature infants. 49.Stroke (2010) 41(9):1957\u201362. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.575167 PMID:20651273Brady KM, Mytar JO, Lee JK, Cameron DE, Vricella LA, Thompson WR, et al. Monitoring cerebral blood flow pressure autoregulation in pediatric patients during cardiac surgery. 50.Pediatrics (2008) 121(3):e604\u201311. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1487 PMID:18250118Wong FY, Leung TS, Austin T, Wilkinson M, Meek JH, Wyatt JS, et al. Impaired autoregulation in preterm infants identified by using spatially resolved spectroscopy. 51.Adv Exp Med Biol (2016) 876:501\u20139. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3023-4_63 PMID:26782251Caicedo A, Alderliesten T, Naulaers G, Lemmers P, van Bel F, Van Huffel S. A new framework for the assessment of cerebral hemodynamics regulation in neonates using NIRS. Reference 48\u201351 are:\u2013Curr Opin Pediatr (2015) 27(2):158\u201364. doi:10.1097/MOP.0000000000000200Perez KM, Laughon MM. What is new for patent ductus arteriosus management in premature infants in 2015? \u2013Semin Fetal Neonatal Med (2015) 20(4):272\u20137. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2015.03.004 PMID:25818393Evans N. Preterm patent ductus arteriosus: a continuing conundrum for the neonatologist? \u2013Indian Pediatr (2014) 51(4):289\u201394. doi:10.1007/s13312-014-0403-2 PMID:24825266Ibrahim TK, Haium AA, Chandran S, Rajadurai VS. Current controversies in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. However, these references are supposed to be:The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Joseph LC, Barca E, Subramanyam P, Komrowski M, Pajvani U, Colecraft HM, et al. (2016) Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase 2 (NOX2) Prevents Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Abnormalities Caused by Saturated Fat in Cardiomyocytes. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0145750. doi:The acronym NADPH appears incorrectly throughout the article. The correct acronym should be NADPH."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ingeborg M. Langohr. The correct citation is: Bates MA, Brandenberger C, Langohr IM, Kumagai K, Lock AL, Harkema JR, et al. (2016) Silica-Triggered Autoimmunity in Lupus-Prone Mice Blocked by Docosahexaenoic Acid Consumption. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0160622. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct reference is: Kok A, van Knegsel ATM, van Middelaar CE, Engel B, Hogeveen H, Kemp B, et al. Effect of dry period length on milk yield over multiple lactations. J Dairy Sci. 2017;100: 739\u201349. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11253There is an error in reference 12. The correct reference is: Chen J, Kok A, Remmelink GJ, Gross JJ, Bruckmaier RM, Kemp B, et al. Effects of dry period length and dietary energy source on lactation curve characteristics over 2 consecutive lactations. J Dairy Sci. 2016;99: 9287\u201399. doi: 10.1126/science.1259855There is an error in reference 23. The correct reference is: Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockstrom J, Cornell SE, Fetzer I, Bennett EM, et al. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science. 2015;347: 1259855. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7413There is an error in reference 29. The correct reference is: van Middelaar CE, Berentsen PBM, Dijkstra J, van Arendonk JAM, de Boer IJM. Methods to determine the relative value of genetic traits in dairy cows to reduce greenhouse gas emissions along the chain. J Dairy Sci. 2014;97: 5191\u2013205. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.019There is an error in reference 53. The correct reference is: Mostert PF, Middelaar CE van, Bokkers EAM, Boer IJM de. The impact of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows on greenhouse gas emissions of milk production. J Clean Prod. 2017;171: 773\u201382. doi: The publisher apologizes for the errors."}
{"text": "BRCA1 mutation carriers. PLoS ONE 12(12): e0189641. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189641The fourth author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Robert Zeillinger. The correct citation is: Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Weingartshofer S, Rappaport-F\u00fcrhauser C, Zeillinger R, Pils D, Muhr D, et al. (2017) Diagnostic markers for the detection of ovarian cancer in"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 30215; 10.1038/srep30215 published online: 08032016; updated: 03222017.The original version of this Article contained an error in the order of author names, which were incorrectly given as \u2018Jing Lin, Wei-qing Shao, Zong-you Chen, Wen-wei Zhu, Lu Lu, Duan Cai, Lun-xiu Qin, Hu-liang Jia, Ming Lu & Jin-hong Chen\u2019.These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article."}
{"text": "Fusobacterium nucleatum infection. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0188755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188755The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Seongmin Cheon. The correct citation is: Ahn S-H, Cheon S, Park C, Lee J-H, Lee S-W, Lee T-H (2017) Transcriptome profiling analysis of senescent gingival fibroblasts in response to"}
{"text": "J Med Libr Assoc. 2017 Jan;105(1):E1-E20. DOI: An incorrect date is given in the title. The title should be: 116th Annual Meeting, Medical Library Association, Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada, May 13-18, 2016"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4218410.1038/srep42184; published online: 02082017; updated: 04282017This Article contains errors in Reference 7, which was incorrectly given as:Journal of Plant Interactions, 1\u201335 (2015)\u2019.\u2018Hashe, A., Allah, E. F. A., Alqarawi, A. A., Aldubise, A. & Egamberdieva, D. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhances salinity tolerance of Panicum turgidum Forssk by altering photosynthetic and antioxidant pathways. The correct reference is listed below as"}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s complete name is: Ayman W. El-Hattab. The correct citation is: Sadikovic B, Wang J, El-Hattab AW, Landsverk M, Douglas G, Brundage EK, et al. (2010) Sequence Homology at the Breakpoint and Clinical Phenotype of Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Syndromes. PLoS ONE 5(12): e15687."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Evangelia G. Chrysikou. The correct citation is: Lepping RJ, Atchley RA, Chrysikou EG, Martin LE, Clair AA, Ingram RE, et al. (2016) Neural Processing of Emotional Musical and Nonmusical Stimuli in Depression. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0156859. doi:"}
{"text": "In 2012, overall, 13% of children aged <18 years had a health problem for which prescription medication had been taken regularly for \u22653 months. Non-Hispanic white children (15%) and non-Hispanic black children (16%) were more likely to have taken a regular medication for a health problem for \u22653 months than Hispanic children (9%).Source: Bloom B, Jones LI, Freeman G. Summary health statistics for U.S. children: National Health Interview Survey, 2012. Vital Health Stat 2013;10(258).Reported by: Gulnur Freeman, MPA, grs3@cdc.gov, 301-458-4085; Bobbie Bloom, MPA; Lindsey Jones, MPH."}
{"text": "As a discipline, neuroethics addresses a range of questions and issues generated by basic neuroscientific research , and its use and meanings in the clinical and social spheres. Here, we present Part 4 of a four-part bibliography of the neuroethics literature focusing on clinical and social applications of neuroscience, to include: the treatment-enhancement discourse; issues arising in neurology, psychiatry, and pain care; neuroethics education and training; neuroethics and the law; neuroethics and policy and political issues; international neuroethics; and discourses addressing \"trans-\" and \"post-\" humanity.To complete a systematic survey of the literature, 19 databases and 4 individual open-access journals were employed. Searches were conducted using the indexing language of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). A Python code was used to eliminate duplications in the final bibliography.When taken with Parts 1-3, this bibliography aims to provide a listing of international peerreviewed papers, books, and book chapters published from 2002 through 2016. While seeking to be as comprehensive as possible, it may be that some works were inadvertently and unintentionally not included. We therefore invite commentary from the field to afford completeness and contribute to this bibliography as a participatory work-in-progress. A Theory of Justice, philosopher John Rawls proposed that the ethico-legal structure of society is based those ways that constructs of rightness or wrongness are applied to any situation .Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2010, 135(37):1823-1826. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1263324.Boldt J: True to oneself? broad and narrow ideas on authenticity in the enhancement debate. Theor Med Bioeth 2007, 28(4):285-300. doi:10.1007/s11017-007-9039-8.Bolt LL: Cognitive enhancement: methods, ethics, regulatory challenges. Sci Eng Ethics 2009, 15(3):311-341. doi:10.1007/s11948-009-9142-5.Bostrom N, Sandberg A: Regulating methylphenidate: enhancing cognition and social inequality. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):47-49. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.794886.Brewer CD, DeGrote H: Drugs, games, and devices for enhancing cognition: implications for work and society.Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016, 1369(1):195-217. doi:10.1111/nyas.13040.Br\u00fchl AB, Sahakian BJ: [Neuroenhancement: doping for the brain].Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009, 134(40): 35. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1124088.Bruhn C: From clinical application to cognitive enhancement: the example of methylphenidate.Curr Neuropharmacol 2016, 14(1):17-27. doi: 10.2174/1570159X13666150407225902.Busard\u00f2 FP et al.: Human enhancement and communication: on meaning and shared understanding.Sci Eng Ethics 2013, 19(3):1039-1056. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9395-2.Cabrera L, Weckert J: Memory interventions in the criminal justice system: some practical ethical considerations.J Bioeth Inq 2016, 13(1):95-103. doi:10.1007/s11673-015-9680-2.Cabrera LY, Elger BS: Understanding public (mis)understanding of tDCS for enhancement.Front Integr Neurosci 2015, 9:30. doi:10.3389/fnint.2015.00030.Cabrera LY, Reiner PB: Important treatment, wrong diagnosis: enhancement is not to blame for the abuse of autonomy. Cerebrum 2004, 6(4):25-26.Caplan AL: Shall we enhance? a debate.Cerebrum 2004, 6(4):13-29.Caplan AL, McHugh PR: Conceptual and ethical issues with brain-hardware interfaces.Curr Opin Psychiatry 2011, 24(6):495-501. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834bb8ca.Clausen J: Democratizing \u201cpsychotropic neuroenhancement.\u201dAJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):19-20. doi:10.1080/21507740903504491.Cooze J, Gillam L: An evaluative conservative case for biomedical enhancement. J Med Ethics 2016, 42(9):611-618. doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103307.Danaher J: Botox for the brain: enhancement of cognition, mood and pro-social behavior and blunting of unwanted memories.Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008, 32(4):760-776. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.12.001.de Jongh R, Bolt I, Schermer M, Olivier B: Pharmacological neuroenhancement in the field of economics-poll results from an online survey.Front Psychol 2016, 7:520. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00520.Dietz P, Soyka M, Franke AG: Prohibition or coffee shops: regulation of amphetamine and methylphenidate for enhancement use by healthy adults. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):23-33. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.794875.Dubljevi\u0107 V: Response to open peer commentaries on \"prohibition or coffee shops: regulation of amphetamine and methylphenidate for enhancement use by healthy adults\".Am J Bioeth 2014, 14(1):W1-W8. doi:10.1080/15265161.2014.862417.Dubljevi\u0107 V: When is diminishment a form of enhancement? Rethinking the enhancement debate in biomedical ethics. Front Syst Neurosci 2014, 8:12. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00012.Earp BD, Sandberg A, Kahane G, Savulescu J: A Thomistic appraisal of human enhancement technologies.Theor Med Bioeth 2014, 35(4):289-310. doi:10.1007/s11017-014-9300-x.Eberl JT: Human enhancement: revisiting the ethical framework. Med Health Care Philos 2011, 14(4):425-427. doi:10.1007/s11019-011-9350-z.E\u00dfmann B: Does memory modification threaten our authenticity?Neuroethics 2011, 4(3): 235-249. doi:10.1007/s12152-010-9090-4.Erler A: Why is cognitive enhancement deemed unacceptable? the role of fairness, deservingness, and hollow achievements. Front Psychol 2016, 7:232. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00232.Faber NS, Savulescu J, Douglas T: Cognitive enhancement. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 2014, 5(1):95-103. doi:10.1002/wcs.1250.Farah MJ, Smith ME, Ilieva I, Hamilton RH: Neurocognitive enhancement: what can we do and what should we do?Nat Rev Neurosci 2004, 5(5):421-425. doi:10.1038/nrn1390.Farah MJ et al.: The unknowns of cognitive enhancement. Science 2015, 350(6259):379-380. doi:10.1126/science.aad5893.Farah MJ: The indirect psychological costs of cognitive enhancement. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):45-47. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.794880.Faulm\u00fcller N, Maslen H, de Sio FS: Buddhism and neuroethics: the ethics of pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement. Dev World Bioeth 2009, 9(2):47-56. doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2007.00226.x.Fenton A: Dealing with the long-term social implications of research.Am J Bioeth 2011, 11(5):5-9. doi:10.1080/15265161.2011.568576.Fleischman A et al.: Efficacy, safety, and ethics of cosmetic neurology far from settled.Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010, 88(4):461-463. doi:10.1038/clpt.2010.194.Flower K et al.: Innovative mechanisms of action for pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement: a systematic review.Psychiatry Res 2015, 229(1-2):12-20. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.006.Fond G et al.: (Mis)use of prescribed stimulants in the medical student community: motives and behaviors: a population-based cross-sectional study.Medicine  2016, 95 (16):e3366. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003366.Fond G et al.: Considering the causes and implications of ambivalence in using medicine for enhancement.Am J Bioeth 2011, 11(1):15-17. doi: 10.1080/15265161.2011.534952.Forlini C, Racine E: How research on stakeholder perspectives can inform policy on cognitive enhancement.Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):41-43. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.794882.Forlini C, Racine E, Vollmann J, Schildmann J: Navigating the enhancement landscape: ethical issues in research on cognitive enhancers for healthy individuals.EMBO Rep 2013, 14(2):123-128. doi:10.1038/embor.2012.225.Forlini C et al.: Stakeholder perspectives and reactions to \u201cacademic\u201d cognitive enhancement: unsuspected meaning of ambivalence and analogies.Public Underst Sci 2012, 21(5):606-625. doi:10.1177/0963662510385062.Forlini C, Racine E: The case of pharmacological neuroenhancement: medical, judicial and ethical aspects from a German perspective.Pharmacopsychiarty 2015, 48(7): 256-264. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1559640.Franke AG, Northoff R, Hildt E: [Characteristics of university students using stimulants for cognitive enhancement: a pilot study].Psychiatr Prax 2012, 39(4):174-180. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1298900.Franke AG et al.: [Pharmacological cognitive enhancement from a perspective of misuse and addiction].Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2015, 83(2):83-90. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1398935.Franke AG, Soyka M: [Pharmacological neuroenhancement and brain doping: chances and risks].Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2010, 53(8):853-859. doi:10.1007/s00103-010-1105-0.Franke AG, Lieb K: Smart drugs and synthetic androgens for cognitive and physical enhancement: revolving doors of cosmetic neurology.Curr Neuropharmacol 2015, 13(1):5-11. doi:10.2174/1570159X13666141210221750.Frati P et al.: Moral and social reasons to acknowledge the use of cognitive enhancers in competitive-selective contexts.BMC Med Ethics 2016, 17:18. doi:10.1186/s12910-016-0102-8.Garasic MD, Lavazza A: Considering enhancement (and/or treatment): on the need to regard contingency and develop dialectic evaluation. AJOB Neurosci 2010,1(1):25-27. doi:10.1080/21507740903504392.Gini A, Rossi J, Giordano J: Altering the brain and mind. Hastings Cent Rep 2008, 38(4):46-47. doi:10.1353/hcr.0.0039.Glannon W: Psychopharmacological enhancement. Neuroethics 2008, 1(1):45-54. doi: 10.1007/s12152-008-9005-9.Glannon W: A new conceptual gloss that still lacks luster: critiquing Morgan's treatment-enhancement distinction. J Philos Sport 2011, 38(1):103-112. doi:10.1080/00948705.2011.9714552.Gleaves J: Knowing sin: making sure good science doesn\u2019t go bad. Cerebrum 2006, 1-8.Greely HT: Some first steps toward responsible use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by the healthy. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):39-41. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.795823.Greely HT: Constraints on regulatory options for putatively cognitive enhancing drugs. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):35-37. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.795825.Hall W, Partridge B, Lucke J: The enhancement use of neuropharmaceuticals: more scepticism and caution needed.Addiction 2010, 105(12):2041-2043. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03211.x.Hall WD, Lucke JC: Equality and the treatment-enhancement distinction. Bioethics 2011, 25(3):137-144. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01750.x.Holtug N: Normal functioning and the treatment/enhancement distinction: an opportunity based assessment. J Relig Health 2014, 53(4):1214-1222. doi:10.1007/s10943-014-9882-7.Huggins J, Simmerling M: Cognitive enhancement: promises and perils. Neuron 2011, 69(4):595-598. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.012.Hyman SE: Future of nanomedicine: impact on healthcare & society.Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015, 10(21):3199-3202. doi:10.2217/nnm.15.153.Jain KK: Australian university students\u2019 coping strategies and use of pharmaceutical stimulants as cognitive enhancers.Front Psychol 2016, 7:277. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00277.Jensen C, Forlini C, Partridge B, Hall W: Enhancement: are ethicists excessively influenced by baseless speculations? Med Humanit 2006, 32(2):77-81. doi:10.1136/jmh.2005.000234.Jones DG: Is there a problem with enhancement?Am J Bioeth 2005, 5(3):5-14. doi:10.1080/15265160590945101.Kamm FM: Me, myself and my brain implant: deep brain stimulation raises questions of personal authenticity and alienation.Neuroethics 2013, 6:483-497. doi:10.1007/s12152-011-9115-7Kraemer F: The better human, the better than human: limits of enhancement. Filozofija i Dru\u0161tvo 2012, 23(2):124-144. doi:10.2298/FID1202124K.Krsti\u0107 P: Nanomedicine and ethics: is there anything new or unique?Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011, 3(2):111-118. doi:10.1002/wnan.90.Kuiken T: Regulating identity: medical regulation as social control. BYU L Rev 2016, 2016(2):503-574.Lamkin M: The serious search for an anti-aging pill. Sci Am 2002, 287 (2):36-41. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0802-36.Lane MA, Ingram DK, Roth GS: Les enjeux \u00e9thiques de la neuroam\u00e9lioration [ethical issues of the neuroimprovement]. M\u00e9decine & Droit 2014, 126:61-65. doi:10.1016/j.meddro.2014.03.003.Larrieu P: Neuroenhancement: wisdom of the masses or \u201cfalse phronesis\u201d?Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010, 88(4):459-461. doi:10.1038/clpt.2010.140.Larriviere D, Williams MA: There may be costs to failing to enhance, as well as to enhancing. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):38-39. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.796222.Levy N: The use of prescription drugs, recreational drugs, and \"soft enhancers\" for cognitive enhancement among Swiss secondary school students.PLoS One 2015, 10(10):e0141289. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141289.Liakoni E et al.: Baby steps to superintelligence: neuroprosthetics and children.J Evol Technol 2012, 22(1):132-145.Lucas MS: Towards a smart population: a public health framework for cognitive enhancement.Neuroethics 2013, 6: 419. doi:10.1007/s12152-012-9167-3.Lucke J. & Patridge B: Pediatric neuroenhancement: full steam ahead, in a leaky boat?AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):33-35. doi:10.1080/21507740903504517.MacDonald C, Poirier N: Author's response on Arria (2016): intention matters-using the terminology 'pharmacological neuroenhancement' as a behavioural definition based on the assumed functionality.Addiction 2016, 111(5):938-939. doi:10.1111/add.13331.Maier LJ, Haug S, Schaub MP: Pharmacological cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals: a compensation for cognitive deficits or a question of personality?PLoS One 2015, 10 (6):e0129805. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129805.Maier LJ et al.: Prevalence of and motives for pharmacological neuroenhancement in Switzerland--results from a national Internet panel.Addiction 2016, 111(2):280-295. doi:10.1111/add.13059.Maier LJ, Haug S, Schaub MP: Swiss university students\u2019 attitudes toward pharmacological cognitive enhancement.PLoS One 2015, 10(12):e0144402. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144402.Maier LJ et al.: To dope or not to dope: neuroenhancement with prescription drugs and drugs of abuse among Swiss university students.PLoS One 2013, 8 (11):e77967. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077967.Maier LJ, Liechti ME, Herzig F, Schaub MP: Brain stimulation for treatment and enhancement in children: an ethical analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2014, 8:1-5. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00953.Maslen H, Earp BD, Kadosh RC, Savulescu J: The regulation of cognitive enhancement devices: refining Maslen et al.\u2019s model. J Law Biosci 2015, 2(3):754-767. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv029.Maslen H et al.: From Ritalin to malignant teaching -- the fuzzy borders of neuroenhancement. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):31-33. doi:10.1080/21507740903504384.Mauron A, Hurst S: Sudden discontinuation and the subjective character of experience: a reason to resist psychotropic neuroenhancements. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):23-25. doi:10.1080/21507740903504459.McCrickerd J: Neurosurgeons\u2019 perspectives on psychosurgery and neuroenhancement: a qualitative study at one center.J Neurosurg 2010, 113(6): 1212-1218. doi:10.3171/2010.5.JNS091896.Mendelsohn D, Lipsman N, Bernstein M: The ethics of elective psychopharmacology. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012, 15(4):559-571. doi:10.1017/S146114571100037X.Mohamed AD, Sahakian BJ: Neuroethical issues in pharmacological cognitive enhancement.Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 2014, 5(5):533-549. doi:10.1002/wcs.1306.Mohamed AD: Neuromodulation technologies and the regulation of forms of life: exploring, treating, enhancing. Med Anthropol 2016, 35(1):90-103. doi:10.1080/01459740.2015.1055355.Moutaud B: .Nervenarzt 2010, 81(1):66-74. doi:10.1007/s00115-009-2858-2.Normann C, Boldt J, Maio G, Berger M: Should children have equal access to neuroenhancements?AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):21-23. doi:10.1080/21507740903504442.Ori L: Neuroenhancement - perspectives of Swiss psychiatrists and general practitioners.Swiss Med Wkly 2012, 142:w13707. doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13707.Ott R: Examining reports and policies on cognitive enhancement: approaches, rationale, and recommendations.Account Res 2011, 18(5):323-341. doi:10.1080/08989621.2011.606734.Outram SM, Racine E: Negotiating an inevitable future?AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):29-31. doi:10.1080/21507740903504426.Outram SM: The use of methylphenidate among students: the future of enhancement?J Med Ethics 2010, 36(4):198-202. doi:10.1136/jme.2009.034421.Outram SM: Authenticity and ambivalence: toward understanding the enhancement debate. Hastings Cent Rep 2005, 35(3):34-41. doi:10.1353/hcr.2005.0067.Parens E: On good and bad forms of medicalization. Bioethics 2013, 27(1):28-35. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01885.x.Parens E: Smart drugs \u201cas common as coffee\u201d: media hype about neuroenhancement.PLoS One 2011, 6(11):e28416. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028416.Partridge BJ et al.: The perils of cognitive enhancement and the urgent imperative to enhance the moral character of humanity.J Appl Philos 2008, 25(3):162-177. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5930.2008.00410.x.Persson I, Savulescu J: Sandel on enhancement : a response to Van Niekerk.Penrose B: S Afr J Philos 2016, 35(2):145-163. doi:10.1080/02580136.2016.1162038.Enhancement, ethics and society: towards an empirical research agenda for the medical humanities and social sciences.Med Humanit 2015, 41(2):136-142. doi:10.1136/medhum-2015-010718.Pickersgill M, Hogle L: Determinants of physicians\u2019 prescribing behaviour of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement.Psychol Health Med 2014, 19(3):286-295. doi:10.1080/13548506.2013.802361.Ponnet K et al.: Responding to requests from adult patients for neuroenhancements: guidance of the Ethics, Law and Humanities Committee. Neurology 2010, 74(19):1555-1556. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181d8a54a.Racine E, Forlini C: The value and pitfalls of speculation about science and technology in bioethics: the case of cognitive enhancement.Med Health Care Philos 2014, 17(3):325-337. doi:10.1007/s11019-013-9539-4.Racine E et al.: What should we do about student use of cognitive enhancers? an analysis of current evidence.Neuropharmacology 2013, 64:588-595. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.016.Ragan CI, Bard I, Singh I, Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs: Not just \"study drugs\" for the rich: stimulants as moral tools for creating opportunities for socially disadvantaged students. Am J Bioeth 2016, 16(6):29-38. doi:10.1080/15265161.2016.1170231.Ray KS: Sobre la relevancia moral de la distinci\u00f3n mejora-tratamiento [on the moral relevance of the enhancement treatment distinction]. Dilemata 2012, 10:307-328.Rodr\u00edguez B: Human enhancement and perfection.J Med Ethics 2013, 39(10):647-650. doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100920.Roduit JA, Baumann H, Heilinger JC: Ideas of perfection and the ethics of human enhancement.Bioethics 2015, 29(9):622-630. doi:10.1111/bioe.12192.Roduit JA, Heilinger JC, Baumann H: Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement. J Psychopharmacol 2011, 25(2):197-204. doi:10.1177/0269881109106926.Sahakian BJ, Morein-Zamir S: Converging cognitive enhancements. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 1093:201-227. doi:10.1196/annals.1382.015.Sandberg A, Bostrom N: Enhancement policy and the value of information. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):34-35. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.795826.Sandberg A: Associations between the big five personality traits and the non-medical use of prescription drugs for cognitive enhancement.Front Psychol 2016, 6: 1971. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01971.Sattler S, Schunck R: Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics.Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2014, 9:8. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-9-8.Sattler S, Mehlkop G, Graeff P, Sauer C: Impact of contextual factors and substance characteristics on perspectives toward cognitive enhancement.PLoS One 2013, 8(8):e71452. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071452.Sattler S, Forlini C, Racine E, Sauer C: A liberal consequentialist approach to regulation of cognitive enhancers. Am J Bioeth 2013, 13(7):53-55. doi:10.1080/15265161.2013.796220.Savulescu J: Attitudes toward pharmacological cognitive enhancement-a review.Front Syst Neurosci 2014, 8:53. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00053.Schelle KJ, Faulm\u00fcller N, Caviola L, Hewstone M: Defending the distinction between treatment and enhancement. Am J Bioeth 2005, 5(3):17-19. doi:10.1080/15265160591002755.Schwartz PH: An argument against arguments for enhancement. Stud Ethics Law Technol 2008, 1(1):12. doi:10.2202/1941-6008.1008.Selgelid MJ: Neuroenhancement in young people: proposal for research, policy, and clinical management. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):3-16. doi:10.1080/2150774090350859.Singh I, Kelleher KJ: Kognition \u00e0 la carte? - der wunsch nach kognitionsverbessernden psychopharmaka in der medizin [cognition on demand? - the wish for cognition-enhancing drugs in medicine]. Ethik Med 2006, 18(1):37-50. doi:10.1007/s00481-006-0412-3.Synofzik M: Stimulating personality: ethical criteria for deep brain stimulation in psychiatric patients and for enhancement purposes. Biotechnol J 2008, 3(12):1511-1520. doi:10.1002/biot.200800187.Synofzik M, Schlaepfer TE: Enhancement and obsolescence: avoiding an \u201cenhanced rat race\u201d.Kennedy Inst Ethics J 2015, 25(3):231-260. doi:10.1353/ken.2015.0015.Sparrow R: Enhancement versus therapy in Catholic neuroethics. Natl Cathol Bioeth Q 2015, 15(1):63-72. doi:10.5840/ncbq20151517.Trancik EK: \u201cIt was me on a good day\u201d: exploring the smart drug use phenomenon in England.Front Psychol 2016, 7:779. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00779.Vargo EJ, Petr\u00f3czi A: Generating genius: how an Alzheimer's drug became considered a 'cognitive enhancer' for healthy individuals.BMC Med Ethics 2014, 15:37. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-37.Wade L, Forlini C, Racine, E: Ethische aspekte des pharmakologischen \u201ecognition enhancement\u201c am beispiel des gebrauchs von psychostimulanzien durch kinder und jugendliche [ethical aspects of pharmacological \"cognition enhancement\" using the example of the use of psychostimulants by children and adolescents]. Ethik Med 2006, 18(1):27-36. doi:10.1007/s00481-006-0411-4.Walcher-Andris E: Reduced self-control leads to disregard of an unfamiliar behavioral option: an experimental approach to the study of neuroenhancement.Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2013, 8:41. doi:10.1186/1747-597X-8-41.Wolff W, Baumgarten F, Brand R: Using the simple sample count to estimate the frequency of prescription drug neuroenhancement in a sample of Jordan employees.Int J Drug Policy 2016, 31:51-55. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.12.014.Wolff W, Sandouqa Y, Brand R: Treatment, enhancement, and the ethics of neurotherapeutics. Brain Cogn 2002, 50(3):387-395. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(02)00534-1.Wolpe PR: The complexity of neuroenhancement and the adoption of a social cognitive perspective.Front Psychol 2015, 6:1880. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01880.Zelli A, Lucidi F, Mallia L: Limitless as a neuro-pharmaceutical experiment and as a Daseinsanalyse: on the use of fiction in preparatory debates on cognitive enhancement.Med Health Care Philos 2014, 17(1):29-38. doi:10.1007/s11019-013-9481-5.Zwart H: Books:Humanity\u2019s End: Why We Should Reject Radical Enhancement. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 2010.Agar N: Liberal Eugenics: In Defence of Human Enhancement. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing; 2005.Agar N: Truly Human Enhancement: A Philosophical Defense of Limits. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 2014.Agar N: Against Bioethics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2006.Baron J: Cognitive Enhancement: Social and Public Policy Issues. New York: Palgrave Pivot; 2015.Blank RH: Designer Biology: The Ethics of Intensively Engineering Biological and Ecological Systems. Lanham: Lexington Books; 2013.Basl J, Sandler RL, eds.: Inquiring Into Human Enhancement: Interdisciplinary and International Perspectives. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2015.Bateman S et al. eds.: Beyond Humanity? The Ethics of Biomedical Enhancement. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011.Buchanan AE: Rethinking Human Enhancement: Social Enhancement and Emergent Technologies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2015.Cabrera LY: The Nature of Suffering and the Goals of Medicine. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004.Cassell E: Human Being @ Risk: Enhancement, Technology, and the Evaluation of Vulnerability Transformations. Dordrecht: Springer; 2013.Coeckelbergh M: Me Medicine vs. We Medicine: Reclaiming Biotechnology for the Common Good. New York: Columbia University Press; 2013.Dickenson D: The Human Enhancement Debate and Disability: New Bodies for a Better Life. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2014.Eilers M, Gruber K, Rehmann-Sutter C, eds: The Pragmatic Turn: Toward Action-Oriented Views in Cognitive Science. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 2015.Engel AK, Friston KJ, Kragic D: The Problem of the Soul: Two Visions of Mind and How to Reconcile Them. New York, NY: Basic Books; 2002.Flanagan O: Neuroenhancement: How Mental Training and Meditation Can Promote Epistemic Virtue. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015.Fr\u00f6ding B, Osika W: Bioethics and the Brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.Glannon W: Medical Enhancement and Posthumanity. Dordrecht: Springer; 2008.Gordijn B, Chadwick R, eds.: Better Humans? Understanding the Enhancement Project. Durham, UK: Acumen; 2013.Hauskeller M: Cognitive Enhancement: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer; 2013.Hildt E, Franke AG: Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Policy Implications in International Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016.Jotterand F, Dubljevi\u0107 V, eds.: Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness. Washington, D.C.: President's Council on Bioethics; 2003.Kass L: The Price of Perfection: Individualism and Society in the Era of Biomedical Enhancement. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2009.Mehlman MJ: More Than Human: Embracing the Promise of Biological Enhancement. New York: Broadway Books; 2005.Naam R: Shaping Our Selves: On Technology, Flourishing, and a Habit of Thinking. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015.Parens E: The Case for Perfection: Ethics in the Age of Human Enhancement. New York: Peter Lang; 2016.Roduit JAR: The Pursuit of Perfection: The Promise and Perils of Medical Enhancement. New York: Vintage Books; 2004.Rothman SM: Values and Psychiatric Diagnosis. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005.Sadler J: Human Enhancement. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009.Savulescu J, Bostrom N, eds.: Neuro-Enhancement : Ethik vor neuen Herausforderungen. Paderborn: Mentis; 2009.Sch\u00f6ne-Seifert B et al.: Neuroenhancement Interdisziplin\u00e4re Perspektiven auf eine Kontroverse [Neuroenhancement: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on a Controversy]. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag; 2016.Sch\u00fctz R, Hildt E, Hampel J: Health, Disease, and Illness: Concepts in Medicine. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press; 2004.Sisti D, Caplan A, McCartney J: Vincent JD: The Custom-Made Brain: Cerebral Plasticity, Regeneration, and Enhancement. New York: Columbia University Press; 2014.The Myth of the Moral Brain: The Limits of Moral Enhancement. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 2016.Wiseman H: Introductory Remarks to the Panel. First Meeting of Neuroethics Society. Washington, D.C.; 2008.Wolpe P: Book Chapters:Military neuroenhancement and risk assessment. In Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2015:239-248.Abney K, Lin P, Mehlman M: Ethical and social context of cognitive enhancement. In his Cognitive Enhancement: Social and Public Policy Issues. New York: Palgrave Pivot; 2015:42-70.Blank RH: How does enhancing cognition affect human values? how does this translate into social responsibility? In Ethical Issues in Behavioral Neuroscience. Edited by Grace Lee, Judith Illes, Frauke Ohl. Heidelberg: Springer; 2015:223-241.Cabrera LY: An unnatural process : why is it not inherently wrong to seek a cure for aging? In Fountain of Youth: Cultural, Scientific, and Ethical Perspectives on a Biomedical Goal. Edited by Stephen G. Post, Robert H. Binstock. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004:271-285.Caplan AL: Shall we enhance? a debate. In Defining Right and Wrong in Brain Science. Edited by Walter Glannon. New York: Dana Press; 2007:271-288.Caplan AL, McHugh PR: Brain training. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:57-68.Chancellor B, Chatterjee A: Brain enhancement in healthy adults. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:3-15.Chatterjee A: Marketing of neuropsychiatric illness and enhancement. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:46-56.Conrad P, Horwitz A: Implications of action-oriented paradigm shifts in cognitive science. In The Pragmatic Turn: Toward Action-Oriented Views in Cognitive Science. Edited by Andreas K. Engel, Karl Friston, Danica Kragic. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 2015:333-356.Dominey PF, Prescott TJ, Bohg J, Schwartz A: Neurocognitive enhancement: what can we do and what should we do? In Defining Right and Wrong in Brain Science. Edited by Walter Glannon. New York: Dana Press; 2007:289-301.Farah MJ et al.: The human condition and strivings to flourish. In Scientific and Philosophical Perspectives in Neuroethics. Edited by James J. Giordano, Bert Gordijn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010:343-354.Gini A, Giordano J: Cognitive enhancement. In his Brain, Body, and Mind. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.; 2011:115-145.Glannon W: Clinicians, patients, and the brain. In Neuroethics: Defining the Issues in Theory, Practice, and Policy. Edited by Judith Illes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006:229-244.Klitzman R: How far will the treatment/enhancement distinction get us as we grapple with new ways to shape ourselves? In Neuroethics: Mapping the Field. Edited by Steven J. Marcus. New York: Dana Press; 2002:152-158.Parens E: Cognitive enhancement and beyond. In their Gray Matters: Topics at the Intersection of Neuroscience, Ethics, and Society (Vol. 2). Washington, DC: Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues; 2015:27-52.Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues. Enhancement of performance with neuropharmaceuticals: pragmatism and the culture wars. In his Pragmatic Neuroethics: Improving Treatment and Understanding of the Mind-Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2010:121-138.Racine E: Ethical issues in performance-enhancing technologies: from bench to headline. In Neurotechnology: Premises, Potential, and Problems. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012:175-198.Racine D, DuRousseau D, Illes J: Ethical considerations: cogniceuticals in the military. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:35-45.Russo MB, Stetz MC, Stetz TA: Is neuroenhancement unnatural, and does it morally matter? In Neurotechnology: Premises, Potential, and Problems. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012:199-212.Siipi H: The case for clinical management of neuroenhancement in young people. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:16-34.Singh I, Kelleher K: Neuroethics of social enhancement. In her The Social Neuroscience of Intergroup Relations: Prejudice, Can We Cure It? New York: Springer; 2016:69-83.Terbeck S: Promises and perils of cognitive performance tools: a dialogue. In Neurotechnology: Premises, Potential, and Problems. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012:125-141.Viirre E, Baylis F, Downie J: Articles:Ethical concepts and future challenges of neuroimaging: an Islamic perspective. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):509-518. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9386-3Al-Delaimy WK: Medical decisionmaking in the vegetative state: withdrawal of nutrition and hydration. NeuroRehabilitation 2004, 19(4):299-304.Andrews K: \u201cCulture of life\u201d politics at the bedside - the case of Terri Schiavo. N Engl J Med 2005, 352(16):1710-1715. doi:10.1056/NEJMlim050643.Annas GJ: Could combined sleep and pain evaluation be useful in the diagnosis of disorders of consciousness (DOC)? preliminary findings. Brain Inj 2016, 30(2):159-163. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1089595.Aric\u00f2 I et al.: Brain, conscious experience and the observing self.Trends Neurosci 2003, 26(12):671-675. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2003.09.015.Baars BJ, Rams\u00f8y TZ, Laureys S: Dissociations between behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based evaluations of cognitive function after brain injury. Brain 2011, 134(Pt 3): 769-782. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr005.Bardin JC et al.: Persistent vegetative state and minimally conscious state: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic procedures.Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015, 112(14):235-242. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0235.Bender A et al.: The biophilosophical basis of whole-brain death. Soc Philos Policy 2002, 19(2): 324-342. doi:10.1017/S0265052502192132.Bernat JL: Spectrum of catastrophic brain injury: coma and related disorders of consciousness.J Crit Care 2014, 29(4):679-682. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.04.014.Brogan ME, Provencio JJ: Neuroscientists' everyday experiences of ethics: the interplay of regulatory, professional, personal and tangible ethical spheres. Sociol Health Illn 2013, 35(8):1133-1148. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12026.Brosnan C, Cribb A, Wainwright SP, Williams C: End-of-life decisions in chronic disorders of consciousness: sacrality and dignity as factors. Neuroethics 2016, 9(1):85-102. doi:10.1007/s12152-016-9257-8.Calabr\u00f2 RS et al.: Moving minds: ethical aspects of neural motor prostheses. Biotechnol J 2008, 3(12):1493-1501. doi:10.1002/biot.200800244.Clausen J: On the difficulty to communicate with fMRI-based protocols used to identify covert awareness. Neuroscience 2015, 300:448-459. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.059.Comte A et al.: Scintigraphy as a confirmatory test of brain death. Semin Nucl Med 2003, 33(4):312-323. doi:10.1016/S0001-2998(03)00034-5.Conrad G, Sinha P: Facts, lies, and videotapes: the permanent vegetative state and the sad case of Terri Schiavo. J Law Med Ethics 2005, 33(2):363-371. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2005.tb00501.x.Cranford R: Neuro\u00e9thique: questions \u00e9thiques en neurosciences [neuroethics: ethical issues in neurosciences]. Rev Prat 2013, 63(5):666-669.Crozier S: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: a review of emerging issues and technologies. Front Integr Neurosci 2016, 10:38. doi:10.3389/fnint.2016.00038.Deeb W et al.: Brain-machine interface: the challenge of neuroethics. Surgeon 2010, 8(5):267-269. doi:10.1016/j.surge.2010.05.006.Demetriades AK, Demetriades CK, Watts C, Ashkan K: An ethics toolbox for neurotechnology. Neuron 2015, 86(1):34-37. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.038.Farah MJ: Neuroethics and the problem of other minds: implications of neuroscience evidence for the moral status of brain-damaged patients and nonhuman animals. Neuroethics 2008, 1(1):9-18. doi:10.1007/s12152-008-9006-8.Farah MJ: Personhood and neuroscience: naturalizing or nihiliating?Am J Bioeth 2007, 7(1):37-48. doi:10.1080/15265160601064199.Farah MJ, Heberlein AS: Misdiagnosis as an ethical and scientific challenge.Ann Ist Super Sanita 2014, 50(3):229-233. doi:10.4415/ANN_14_03_05.Farisco M, Petrini C: Neuro\u00e9tica: reflexiones sobre los principios de la moral latentes en la medicina [neuroethics: reflections on the latent principles of morals in medicine]. Rev Med Chil 2012, 140(8):1078-1084. doi:10.4067/S0034-98872012000800018.Figueroa G: Clinical pragmatism and the care of brain damaged patients: toward a palliative neuroethics for disorders of consciousness. Prog Brain Res 2005, 150:565-582. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50040-2.Fins JJ: Lessons from the injured brain: a bioethicist in the vineyards of neuroscience. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2009, 18(1):7-13. doi:10.1017/S0963180108090038.Fins JJ: Neuroimaging and disorders of consciousness: envisioning an ethical research agenda. Am J Bioeth 2008, 8(9):3-12. doi:10.1080/15265160802318113.Fins JJ et al. Nanotechnology, neuromodulation & the immune response: discourse, materiality & ethics.Biomed Microdevices 2015, 17(2):28. doi:10.1007/s10544-015-9934-0.Fins JJ: Shades of gray: new insights into the vegetative state. Hastings Cent Rep 2006, 36(6):8. doi:10.1353/hcr.2006.0094.Fins JJ, Schiff ND: The ethics of surgically invasive neuroscience research. Handb Clin Neurol 2013, 118:315-321. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53501-6.00026-3.Ford PJ, Deshpande A: Replicability and impact of statistics in the detection of neural responses of consciousness.Brain 2016, 139(Pt 6):e30. doi:10.1093/brain/aww065.Gabriel D et al.: Why neuroethics?Biotechnol J 2008, 3(12):1463-1465. doi:10.1002/biot.200890109.Gassen HG: The minimally conscious state: definition and diagnostic criteria.Neurology 2002, 58(3):349-353. doi:10.1212/WNL.58.3.349.Giacino JT et al.: Conditions for consent to the use of neurotechnology: a preparatory neuroethical approach to risk assessment and reduction. AJOB Neurosci 2015, 6(4):12-49. doi:10.1080/21507740.2015.1094557.Giordano J: Implantable nano-neurotechnological devices: consideration of ethical, legal and social issues and implications.J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2009, 19(1):83-93. doi:10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v19.i1.80.Giordano J, Akhouri R, McBride DK: A preparatory neuroethical approach to assessing developments in neurotechnology. AMA J Ethics 2015, 17(1):56-61. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2015.17.01.msoc1-1501.Giordano J: Toward an operational neuroethical risk analysis and mitigation paradigm for emerging neuroscience and technology (neuroS/T). Exp Neurol 2016, 287(4):492-495. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.016.Giordano J. The value of patient benefit: consideration of framing contingencies to guide the ethical use of DBS--a case analysis. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2016, 25(4):755-758. doi:10.1017/S0963180116000530.Giordano J: Ethics, the constitution, and the dying process: the case of Theresa Marie Schiavo.JAMA 2005, 293(19):2403-2407. doi:10.1001/jama.293.19.2403.Gostin LO: Neural technologies: the ethics of intimate access to the mind. Hastings Cent Rep 2015, 45(6):36-37. doi:10.1002/hast.516.Green RM: Biological indeterminacy. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):447-452. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9379-2.Greenspan RJ: Hot baths and cold minds: neuroscience, mind reading, and mind misreading. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2015, 24(2):123-134. doi:10.1017/S0963180114000425.Harris J, Lawrence DR: Clinical trials in neurovirology: successes, challenges, and pitfalls. Neurotherapeutics 2016, 13(3):571-581. doi:10.1007/s13311-016-0440-8.Haubenberger D, Clifford DB: Empirical neuroethics: can brain imaging visualize human thought? why is neuroethics interested in such a possibility. EMBO Rep 2007, 8:S57-S60. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401007.Illes J: The three laws of neurorobotics: a review on what neurorehabilitation robots should do for patients and clinicians. J Med Biol Eng 2016, 36:1-11. doi:10.1007/s40846-016-0115-2.Iosa M, Morone G, Cherubini A, Paolucci S: The assessment and rehabilitation of vegetative and minimally conscious patients: definitions, diagnosis, prevalence and ethics.Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2005, 15(3-4):163-165. doi:10.1080/09602010443000632.Jennett B: Aktuelle kontroversen in der neuroethik [current controversies in neuroethics]. Nervenarzt 2013, 84(10):1163-1164. doi:10.1007/s00115-013-3731-x.Jox RJ, Sch\u00f6ne-Seifert B, Brukamp K: Beste interessen im \"vegetativen zustand\" [best interests in the 'vegetative state']. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2011, 79(10):576-581. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1281736.Jox RJ: Diagnosis and decision making for patients with disorders of consciousness: a survey among family members. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015, 96(2):323-330. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.09.030.Jox RJ et al.: Disorders of consciousness: responding to requests for novel diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.Lancet Neurol 2012, 11(8):732-738. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70154-0.Jox RJ, Bernat JL, Laureys, Racine E: \u7d42\u672b\u671f\u306e\u30b1\u30a2\u3068\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u5584\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b [thinking about the best life in end-of-life care and neuroethics]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2008, 48(11):955-957.Kawashima K: \u0411\u0438o\u044d\u0442\u0438\u0447ec\u043a\u0438e \u043fpo\u0431\u043be\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u043de\u0439po\u0431\u0438o\u043bo\u0433\u0438\u0438 [bioethical problems in neurosciences]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2011, 111(4):67-70.Kontsevenko AS: Neuroethik in der klinischen praxis [Neuroethics in clinical practice]. Nervenarzt 2009, 80(8):941-947. doi:10.1007/s00115-009-2683-7.Krug H: Physicians' attitudes toward medical and ethical challenges for patients in the vegetative state: comparing Canadian and German perspectives in a vignette survey.BMC Neurol 2014, 14:119. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-14-119.Kuehlmeyer K et al.: Clinical neuroethics \u2013 from bench to bedside\u2026and beyond. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2016, 25(4):570-572. doi:10.1017/S096318011600030X.Kushner T, Giordano J: Imaging of irreversible loss of brain function. R\u00f6fo 2016, 188(1):23-26. doi:10.1055/s-0041-108202.Lanfermann H, Schober O: Quality of reporting on the vegetative state in Italian newspapers: the case of Eluana Englaro. PLoS One 2011, 6(4):e18706. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018706.Latronico N, Manenti O, Baini L, Rasulo FA: The neural correlate of (un)awareness: lessons from the vegetative states.Trends Cogn Sci 2005, 9(12):556-559. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.10.010.Laureys S: Cerebral processing in the minimally conscious state. Neurology 2004, 63(5): 916-918. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000137421.30792.9B.Laureys S et al.: Canadian perspectives on the clinical actionability of neuroimaging in disorders of consciousness. Can J Neurol Sci 2015, 42(2):96-105. doi:10.1017/cjn.2015.8.Lee G et al.: Ethical issues in taking neuroscience research from bench to bedside. Cerebrum 2004, 6(4):66-72.Leshner AL: Further recovery in a potential treatment withdrawal case 10\u00a0years after brain injury. Brain Inj 2004, 18(9):935-940. doi:10.1080/02699050410001675915.McMillan TM, Herbert CM: Illuminating awareness: implications of fMRI research in disorders of consciousness. Can J Neurol Sci 2015, 42(4):211-212. doi:10.1017/cjn.2015.34.Mikulis D, Weijer C, Young GB: Deception of subjects in neuroscience: an ethical analysis. J Neurosci 2008, 28(19):4841-4843. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1493-08.2008.Miller FG, Kaptchuk TJ: Translating neuroethics: reflections from Muslim ethics: commentary on \"Ethical concepts and future challenges of neuroimaging: an islamic perspective\". Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):519-528. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9392-5.Moosa E: Neuroetyki: nowa jako\u015b\u0107 etyki lekarskiej? [Neuroethics: new quality of medical ethics?]Ann Acad Med Stetin 2013, 59(1):130-136.Niebr\u00f3j LT: Methodische defizite in der neuroethik: brauchen wir theoretische neuroethik? [methodological deficits in neuroethics: do we need theoretical neuroethics?]Nervenarzt 2013, 84(10):1196-1202. doi:10.1007/s00115-013-3732-9.Northoff G: Detecting awareness in the vegetative state.Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008, 1129:130-138. doi:10.1196/annals.1417.018.Owen AM, Coleman MR: Disclosure issues in neuroscience research. Account Res 2008, 15(4):226-241. doi:10.1080/08989620802388697.Parker LS, Kienholz ML: Risk, diagnostic error, and the clinical science of consciousness.Neuroimage Clin 2015, 7:588-597. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.008.Peterson A et al.: What a tangled web we weave: ethical and legal implications of deception in recruitment. Account Res 2008, 15(4):262-282. doi:10.1080/08989620802388713.Pierce R: Reductionism, brain imaging, and social identity: commentary on \u201cbiological indeterminacy\u201d. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):453-456. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9372-9.Pirruccello A: Address of Pope John Paul II to the participants in the International Congress on \u201clife-sustaining treatments and vegetative state: scientific advances and ethical dilemmas.\u201dNeuroRehabilitation 2004, 19(4):273-275.Pope John Paul II: Terri Schiavo--a tragedy compounded. N Engl J Med 2005, 352(16):1630-1633. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058062.Quill TE: Proven or unproven? panel report on ethics in the translation of neuroscience. Can J Neurol Sci 2012, 39(2):247-250. doi:10.1017/S0317167100013330.Racine E et al.: Neuroscience and awareness in the dying human brain: implications for organ donation practices.J Crit Care 2016, 34:121-123. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.04.016.Rady MY, Verheijde JL: Ethical challenges of the finding of covert awareness with neuroimaging in vegetative states.]Med Clin (Barc) 2016, 146(5):218-222. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2015.07.011.Robles del Olmo B, Garcia Collado D: . T\u00f3picos 2016, 50:177-207.Venturelli AN, Branca I: Ethical and social challenges of brain-computer interfaces. Virtual Mentor 2007, 9(2):128-131. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2007.9.2.msoc1-0702.Wolpe PR: Books:Hard Science, Hard Choices: Facts, Ethics, and Policies Guiding Brain Science Today. New York: Dana Press; 2006.Ackerman S: Ethical and Legal Issues in Neurology. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2013.Bernat JL, Beresford HR: Scientific and Philosophical Perspectives in Neuroethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2010.Giordano JJ, Gordijn B: Defining Right and Wrong in Brain Science: Essential Readings in Neuroethics. New York: Dana Press; 2007.Glannon W: The Vegetative State. Medical Facts, Ethical And Legal Dilemmas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002.Jennett B: Vegetative State - A Paradigmatic Problem of Modern Society: Medical, Ethical, Legal and Social Perspectives on Chronic Disorders of Consciousness. Wein: Lit-Verl; 2012.Jox RJ, International Neuroethics Workshop for Young Academics and Health Care Practitioners. The Neurology of Consciousness: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropathology. London: Academic; 2009.Laureys S, Tononi G: Frontiers in Neuroethics: Conceptual and Empirical Advancements. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2016.Lavazza A: Ethical Issues in Pediatric Neurology. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002.Shevell MI: Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016.Sinnott-Armstrong W: Practical Ethics in Clinical Neurology: A Case-based Learning Approach. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.Williams MA, McGuire D, Rizzo M: Book Chapters:Neurotechnology and operational medicine. In Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2015:65-78.Balaban CD: Consciousness and death: the whole-brain formulation of death. In Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage. Edited by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:38-56.Bernat JL: Personhood, consciousness, and severe brain damage. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013: 175-188.Farah MJ: Disorders of consciousness following severe brain injury. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:162-174.Fins JJ, Schiff ND: Brain death. In his Bioethics and the Brain. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2007:148-178.Glannon W: What is goodfor them? Best interests and severe disorders of consciousness. In Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage. Edited by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:180-206.Hawkins J: Brain Death. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2013:149-161.Laureys S: Ethical issues in taking neuroscience research from bench to bedside. In Defining Right and Wrong in Brain Science. Edited by Walter Glannon. New York: Dana Press; 2007:75-82.Leshner AI: Decoding thoughts in behaviorally nonresponsive patients. In Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage. Edited by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:100-121.Owen AM, Naci L: Communication of prognosis in disorders of consciousness and severe brain injury: a closer look at paradoxical discourses in the clinical and public domains. In his Pragmatic Neuroethics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2010:161-178.Racine E: Evidence and ethics. In Evidence-based Neurology: Management of Neurological Disorders. Edited by Bart M. Demaerschalk, Dean M. Wingerchuk. West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell; 2015:13-20.Verheijde JL: The SPECTer of commercial neuroimaging. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):56-58. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721450.Alpert S: Neuroimaging and mental health: drowning in a sea of acrimony. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):42-43. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721454.Anderson JA, Illes J: Ethical challenges in the primary prevention of schizophrenia.Schizophr Bull 2015, 41(4):773-775. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv053.Appelbaum PS: On the viability of neurotechnology and mind-body methods in pediatric mental health: perspectives on integrating new tools to complement old techniques. Eur J Integ Med 2016, 8(2):137-140. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2015.12.011.Armon E, Kohls NB, Giordano J: Ethical issues in psychiatric research. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009, 32(2):381-394. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.02.003.Barry LK: Drilling down in neuroethics. Bioethics 2009, 23(6):iii-iv. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01730.x.Baylis F, Downie J: Clinical ethics for the treatment of children and adolescents: a guide for general psychiatrists. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009, 32(2):243-257. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.02.001.Belitz J, Bailey RA: Preventing post-traumatic stress disorder or pathologizing bad memories?Am J Bioeth 2007, 7(9): 29-30. doi:10.1080/15265160701518540.Bell JA: The off-label use, utility and potential value of tDCS in the clinical care of particular neuropsychiatric conditions. J Law Biosci 2016, 3(3):642-646. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsw044.Bikson M, Bhaskar P, Giordano J: An ethical framework for psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry 2006, 188:7-12. doi:10.1192/bjp.188.1.7.Bloch S, Green S: Vulnerability and resilience among gender-nonconforming children and adolescents: mental health professionals have a key role to play. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016, 55(6):441-443. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.04.008.Bockting WO: Ethical issues surrounding psychologists\u2019 use of neuroscience in the promotion and practice of psychotherapy. Prof Psychol Res Pr 2016, 47(5): 321-329. doi:10.1037/pro0000103.Bott NT, Radke AE, Kiely T: Narrative practice apart from truth. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):91-92. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.722809.Brown T: Negotiating the relationship between addiction, ethics, and brain science. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):36-45. doi:10.1080/21507740903508609.Buchman DZ, Skinner W, Illes J: Removal of gender incongruence of childhood diagnostic category: a human rights perspective. Lancet Psychiatry 2016, 3(5):405-406. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30043-8.Cabral M et al.: : Diagnosing rather than labeling young people with mental disorders: a response to Mittal et al.Bioethics 2015, 29(9):683. doi:10.1111/bioe.12179.Carpenter WBeyond the right to injectable heroin. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):48-49. doi:10.1080/21507740903504467.Carter A, Hall W: A madness for identity: psychiatric labels, consumer autonomy, and the perils of the internet. Philos Psychiatr Psychol 2004,11(4):335-349.Charland LC: When, why, and how to conduct research in child and adolescent psychiatry: practical and ethical considerations. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009, 32(2):361-380. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.03.003.Chen DT, Shepherd LL: A new ethics of psychiatry: neuroethics, neuroscience, and technology. J Psychiatr Pract 2009, 15(5):391-401. doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000361279.11210.14.Cheung EH: Global challenges and ethics in protecting and promoting the interests of psychiatrically ill patients.Int Rev Psychiatry 2010, 22(3):229-234. doi:10.3109/09540261.2010.486828.Coverdale J, Roberts LW: \u201cWho you talkin\u2019 about?\u201d: parallel truthiness concerns between autobiography and biography in bioethics. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):82-83. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721458.Crane JK: : Ethical considerations in conducting research on autism spectrum disorders in low and middle income countries.J Autism Dev Disord 2013, 43(9):2002-2014. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1750-2.Daley TC, Singhal N, Krishnamurthy VChild and adolescent depression: psychotherapeutic, ethical, and related nonpharmacologic considerations for general psychiatrists and others who prescribe.Psychiatr Clin North Am 2012, 35(1):181-201. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2011.12.002.Dell ML: Developmental, sexual and reproductive neuroendocrinology: historical, clinical and ethical considerations. Front Neuroendocrinol 2011, 32(2):255-263. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.02.003.Diamond M: Gender incongruence of childhood in the ICD-11: controversies, proposal, and rationale. Lancet Psychiatry 2016, 3(3):297-304. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00586-6.Drescher J, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Reed GM: Queer diagnoses: parallels and contrasts in the history of homosexuality, gender variance, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Arch Sex Behav 2010, 39(2):427-460. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9531-5.Drescher J. Queer diagnoses revisited: the past and future of homosexuality and gender diagnoses in DSM and ICD. Int Rev Psychiatry 2015, 27(5):386-395. doi:10.3109/09540261.2015.1053847.Drescher J: Monitoring and manipulating brain function: new neuroscience technologies and their ethical implications. Hastings Cent Rep 2004, 34(3):35-45.Farah MJ, Wolpe PR: The puzzle of neuroimaging and psychiatric diagnosis: technology and nosology in an evolving discipline. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):31-41. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.713072.Farah MJ, Gillihan SJ: Neuroimaging and validity in psychiatric diagnosis. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):50-51. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721471.Fisher CE: The telling moment: narrative as a discursive act. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):80-81. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721452.Fitzpatrick SJ: Ethical issues in neuroscience. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006, 19(6):600-607. doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000245752.75879.26.Fuchs T: Talking about suicide: confidentiality and anonymity in qualitative research. Nurs Ethics 2013, 20(1):18-29. doi:10.1177/0969733012452684.Gibson S, Benson O, Brand SL: The subjective brain, identity, and neuroethics. Am J Bioeth 2009, 9(9):5-13. doi:10.1080/15265160903090058.Gillett GR: On the implications of changing constructs of pain and addiction disorders in the DSM-5: language games, ethics and action.IJLHE 2011, 7(1):1-8.Giordano J: Neuroimaging in psychiatry: approaching the puzzle as a piece of the bigger picture(s). AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):54-56. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721469.Giordano J: Direct brain interventions to \u201ctreat\u201d disfavored human behaviors: ethical and social issues. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012, 91(2):163-165. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.292.Greely HT: Ethics and the psychiatry journal editor: responsibilities and dilemmas.Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2014, 51(3):204-210.Greenberg D, Strous RD: Does evidence-based medicine apply to psychiatry?Theor Med Bioeth 2007, 28(2): 103-120. doi:10.1007/s11017-007-9029-x.Gupta M: Feeling \u201cbetter than well.\u201dEMBO Rep 2004, 5(12):1105-1109. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400303.Hall W: The ethics of complexity: genetics and autism, a literature review.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016, 171B(3):305-316. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32432.Hens K, Peeters H, Dierickz K: Ethical issues in psychiatric research on children and adolescents.Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2008, 17(1):127-148. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.07.003.Hoop JG, Smyth AC, Roberts LW: Philosophical and ethical issues at the forefront of neuroscience and genetics: an overview for psychiatrists. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009, 32(2):437-449. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.03.004.Hoop JG, Spellecy R: Should screening for depression among children and adolescents be demedicalized?J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009, 48(7):683-687. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181a5e3ad.Horwitz AV, Wakefield JC: Re-classifying recurrent violent behavior? considerations, caveats and neuroethical concerns for psychiatry and social engagement. Acta Psychopathol 2016, 2:1. doi:10.4172/2469-6676.100032.Herrera-Ferr\u00e1 K, Giordano J: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation and personal identity: ethical questions, and neuroethical approaches for medical practice. Int Rev Psychiatry 2011, 23(5):476-485. doi:10.3109/09540261.2011.616189.2011.616189.Jotterand F, Giordano J: Narrative truth and cases of delusion. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):87-89. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721457.Kalis A: An ethical framework for global psychiatry. Ann Glob Health 2014, 80(2):146-151. doi:10.1016/j.aogh.2014.04.002.Katz CL, Lahey TP, Campbell HT: Ethics in child and adolescent psychiatric care: an international perspective.Int Rev Psychiatry 2010, 22(3):258-266. doi:10.3109/09540261.2010.485979.Koelch M, Fegert JM: Erasing traumatic memories: when context and social interests can outweigh personal autonomy. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2015,10:3. doi:10.1186/s13010-014-0021-6.Lavazza A: Ethical issues in behavioral neuroscience: ethics of human research in behavioral neuroscience: overview of Section II. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015, 19:135-136. doi:10.1007/7854_2014_343.Lee G: Reparative attitudes of Italian psychologists toward lesbian and gay clients: theoretical, clinical, and social implications. Prof Psychol Res Pr 2015, 46(2):132-139. doi:10.1037/pro0000016.Lingiardi V, Nardelli N, Tripodi E: Normal functioning and public reason. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2013, 22(2):136-145. doi:10.1017/S0963180112000515.Loi M: Lying, narrative, and truth shareability. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):86-87. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721468.Matthews S, Kennett J: Ethical, legal, and clinical considerations when disclosing a high-risk syndrome for psychosis. Bioethics 2015, 29(8):543-556. doi:10.1111/bioe.12155.Mittal VA, Dean DJ, Mittal J, Saks ER: Deep brain stimulation for depression: Unterrainer Mscientific issues and future directions.Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2015, 4 (11):967-978. doi:10.1177/0004867415599845.Mosley PE, Marsh R, Carter A: Neuroscience of decision making and informed consent: an investigation in neuroethics. J Med Ethics 2006, 32(2):70-73. doi:10.1136/jme.2005.011858.Northoff G: What is neuroethics? empirical and theoretical neuroethics. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2009, 22(6):565-569. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32832e088b.Northoff G: Decisional capacity to consent to clinical research involving placebo in psychiatric patients.J Forensic Sci 2016, 61(2):388-393. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13000.Parmigiani G et al.: On the ontological assumptions of the medical model of psychiatry: philosophical considerations and pragmatic tasks. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 2010, 5:3. doi:10.1186/1747-5341-5-3.Patil T, Giordano J: Notes towards a professional ethics for psychiatry. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002, 36(1):52-59. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00989.x.Radden J: The conceptual limits of neuroimaging in psychiatric diagnosis. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):52-53. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721856.Ramos RT: Psychopharmacological treatments in children and adolescents: adequate use or abuse?World Psychiatry 2013, 12(2):135-136. doi:10.1002/wps.20036.Remschmidt H: My story, my self: the pathologizing of personal identity. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):89-91. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721456.Rich BA: Neuroethics beyond genetics: despite the overlap between the ethics of neuroscience and genetics, there are important areas where the two diverge. EMBO Rep 2007, 8:S52-S56. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401009.Roskies AL: Neuroethics in a \u201cpsy\u201d world: the case of Argentina. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2014, 23(3):297-307. doi:10.1017/S096318011300090X.Salles A: Evolutionary, not revolutionary: current prospects for diagnostic neuroimaging. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):46-48. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721461.Sample M: Singing the brain disease blues. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(1):46-47. doi:10.1080/21507740903504368.Satel S, Lilienfeld SO: Making the truth: self-understanding, self-constitution, neuroscience, and narrative. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):75-76. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721453.Schechtman M: An ethical approach to life-long learning: implications for global psychiatry.Acad Psychiatry 2011, 35(6):391-396. doi:10.1176/appi.ap.35.6.391.Song SJ: Biologismus-kontroversen: ethische implikationen f\u00fcr die psychiatrie [biologism controversy: ethical implications for psychiatry]. Nervenarzt 2013, 84(10):1165-1174. doi:10.1007/s00115-013-3736-5.Stier M, Muders S, R\u00fcther M, Sch\u00f6ne-Seifert B: Ethical considerations in clinical training, care and research in psychopharmacology. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011, 14(3):413-424. doi:10.1017/S1461145710001112.Strous RD: Psiquiatr\u00eda y neuro\u00e9tica [psychiatry and neuroethics]. Vertex 2013, 24(109):233-240.Su\u00e1rez Richards M: Intervenieren in der neuronalen basis der pers\u00f6nlichkeit: eine praxisorientierte ethische analyse der neuropharmakologie und der tiefen hirnstimulation [Intervening in the neural basis of one's personality: a practice-oriented ethical analysis of neuropharmacology and deep-brain stimulation]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2007, 132(50):2711-2713. doi:10.1055/s-2007-993124.Synofzik M: \u7cbe\u795e\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u8133\u6df1\u90e8\u523a\u6fc0\u306e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3068\u795e\u7d4c\u5b66\u7684\u8003\u5bdf [safety and neuroethical consideration of deep brain stimulation as a psychiatric treatment]. Brain Nerve 2009, 61(1):33-40.Takagi M: Stigma and the politics of biomedical models of mental illness.Int J Fem Approaches Bioeth 2011, 4(1):140-163. doi:10.2979/intjfemappbio.4.1.140.Thachuk AK: Therapeutic misconception in psychiatry research: a systematic review.Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2016, 14(1):17-25. doi:10.9758/cpn.2016.14.1.17.Thong IS et al.: A review of ethics in psychiatric research. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2008, 21(6):572-577. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32830aba23.Tsao CI, Layde JB, Roberts LW: Brain imaging research on psychopathy: implications for punishment, prediction, and treatment in youth and adults.J Crim Jus 2015, 43(4):295-306. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.04.003.Umbach R, Berryessa CM, Raine A: The ethics of deep brain stimulation (DBS).Med Health Care Philos 2015, 18(4):475-485. doi:10.1007/s11019-015-9622-0.Unterrainer M, Oduncu FS: Biomedical enhancement and the pursuit of mastery and perfection: a critique of the views of Michael Sandel. S Afr J Philos 2014, 33(2):155-165.Van Niekerk AA: Ethical challenges & dilemmas for medical health professionals doing psychiatric research.Indian J Med Res 2014, 139(2):191-193.Vaz M, Srinivasan K: Changing the brain, changing the society: clinical and ethical implications of neuromodulation techniques in neurology and psychiatry. Brain Topogr 2014, 27(1):1-3. doi:10.1007/s10548-013-0325-7.Vuilleumier P, Sander D, Baertschi B: Neuroscience, self-understanding, and narrative truth. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):63-74. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.712603.Walker MJ: Ethics and social policy in research on the neuroscience of human sexuality. Nat Neurosci 2004, 7(10):1031-1033. doi:10.1038/nn1324.Wolpe PR: A basic decision-making approach to common ethical issues in consultation-liaison psychiatry. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009, 32(2):315-328. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.03.001.Wright MT, Roberts LW: Differential susceptibility to plasticity: a \u201cmissing link\u201d between gene-culture coevolution and neuropsychiatric spectrum disorders?BMC Med 2012, 10:37. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-37.Wurzman R, Giordano J: Enhancement, disability and the riddle of the relevant circumstances. J Med Ethics 2016, 42(9):605-610. doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103229.Zohny H: BooksMIS-UN-TRUE Informed Consent: Focus on Informed Consent and Ethical Requirements for Clinical Trials of Neuroscience and Psychiatry. Saarbr\u00fccken: Lambert Academic Publishing; 2015.Dogan H: Better Than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream. New York: W.W.Norton; 2003.Elliot C: Prozac as a Way of Life. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press; 2004.Elliot C: Chambers T: Oxford Textbook of Philosophy and Psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006.Fulford KWM, Thornton T, Graham G: Is Evidence-based Psychiatry Ethical? Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.Gupta M: Let Them Eat Prozac: The Unhealthy Relationship Between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression. New York: New York University Press; 2004.Healy D: Ethical Issues in Behavioral Neuroscience. Heidelberg: Springer; 2015.Lee G, Illes J, Ohl F: Philosophical Perspectives on Technology and Psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2009.Phillips J: The Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015.Sadler JZ, van Staden W, Fulford KWM: Bad Moves: How Decision Making Goes Wrong, and the Ethics of Smart Drugs. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2013.Sahakian BJ, LaBuzetta JN: Book ChaptersEthical issues in brain imaging in psychiatry. In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John A. Sadler, Werdie van Staden, K.W.M. Fulford. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015:1109-1125.Bluhm R, Raczek M, Broome, MR, Wall MB: Marketing of neuropsychiatric illness and enhancement. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013:46-56.Conrad P, Horwitz A: Ethical issues in treating LGBT patients. In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John A. Sadler, Werdie van Staden, K.W.M. Fulford. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015:180-192.Drescher J: Pharmacological and psychological interventions. In his Bioethics and the Brain. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007:76-115.Glannon W: Psychiatric neuroethics I: deep brain stimulation and lesioning. In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John A. Sadler, Werdie van Staden, K.W.M. Fulford. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015:1191-1206.Glannon W: Psychiatric neuroethics II: less invasive and non-invasive techniques. In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John A. Sadler, Werdie van Staden, K.W.M. Fulford. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015:1207-1227.Glannon W: A virtue-based approach to neuro-enhancement in the context of psychiatric practice. In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John A. Sadler, Werdie van Staden, K.W.M. Fulford. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015:1228-1249.Hansen JL: Are near-death-experience memories real? ethical implications of a neuropsychological study. In Frontiers in Neuroethics: Conceptual and Empirical Advances. Edited by Andrea Lavazza. Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2016:135-156.Kleinbub JR, Zidarich S: Virtue ethics as professional ethics; the case of psychiatry. In Working Virtue: Virtue Ethics and Contemporary Moral Problems. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007:113-134.Radden J: Ethical challenges and interventional pain medicine.Curr Pain Headache Rep 2012, 16(1):1-8. doi:10.1007/s11916-011-0242-y.Brenner GJ, Kueppenbender K, Mao J, Spike J: Why is pain still under-treated in the emergency department? two new hypotheses. Bioethics 2016, 30(3):195-202. doi:10.1111/bioe.12170.Carter D, Sendziuk P, Eliott JA, Braunack-Mayer A: Ethical issues in pain and omics research: some points to start the debate. Croat Med J 2014, 55(1):1-2. doi:10.3325/cmj.2014.55.1.Compagnone C, Tagliaferri F, Allegri M, Fanelli G: Responsible opioid use. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2015, 29(2):166-168. doi:10.3109/15360288.2015.1037522.Compton P, Weaver MF: Ethics and undertreatment of pain in patients with a history of drug abuse. Medsurg Nurs 2015, 24(1):Suppl 4-7, 16.da Cunha BF: Pain perception in disorders of consciousness: neuroscience, clinical care, and ethics in dialogue. Neuroethics 2013, 6(1):37-50. doi:10.1007/s12152-011-9149-x.Demertzi A et al.: Primum non nocere. Pain Med 2013, 14(5):617-618. doi:10.1111/pme.12120_2.Franklin GM: State laws regulating prescribing of controlled substances: balancing the public health problems of chronic pain and prescription painkiller abuse and overdose. J Law Med Ethics 2012, 41(Suppl 1):42-45. doi:10.1111/jlme.12037.Garcia AM: Cassandra\u2019s curse: interventional pain management, policy and preserving meaning against a market mentality. Pain Physician 2006, 9(3):167-169.Giordano J: Complementarity, brain-mind, and pain. Forsch Komplementmed 2008, 15(2):71-73. doi:10.1159/000121106.Giordano J: A crisis in chronic pain care: an ethical analysis: part two: proposed structure and function of an ethics of pain medicine.Pain Physician 2008, 11(5): 589-595.Giordano J, Schatman ME: A crisis in chronic pain care: an ethical analysis: part three: toward an integrative, multi-disciplinary pain medicine built around the needs of the patient.Pain Physician 2008, 11(6): 775-784.Giordano J, Schatman ME: Culture, subjectivity, and the ethics of patient-centered pain care. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2009, 18(1):47-56. doi:10.1017/S0963180108090087.Giordano J, Engebretson JC, Benedikter R: A ethical analysis of crisis in chronic pain care: facts, issues and problems in pain medicine: part 1.Pain Physician 2008, 11(4):483-490.Giordano J, Schatman ME: Ethical insights to rapprochement in pain care: bringing stakeholders together in the best interest(s) of the patient.Pain Physician 2009, 12(4):E265-E275.Giordano J, Schatman ME, H\u00f6ver G: Ethics of, and in, pain medicine: constructs, content, and contexts of application.Pain Physician 2008, 11(4):391-392.Giordano J: Maldynia: chronic pain as illness, and the need for complementarity in pain care. Forsch Komplementmed 2008, 15(5):277-281. doi:10.1159/000158572.Giordano J: Moral agency in pain medicine: philosophy, practice and virtue.Pain Physician 2006, 9(1):41-46.Giordano J: The neuroscience of pain, and a neuroethics of pain care.Neuroethics 2010, 3(1):89-94. doi:10.1007/s12152-009-9034-z.Giordano J: On the potential role for interventional pain management in palliative care.Pain Physician 2007, 10(3):395-398.Giordano J, Gomez CF, Harrison C: Pain and suffering: K\u00f6rper and Leib, and the telos of pain care. Philos Psychiatr Psychol 2013,19(4):279-283.Giordano J: Pain assessment: subjectivity, objectivity, and the use of neurotechnology.Pain Physician 2010, 13(4):305-315.Giordano J, Abramson K, Boswell MV: Pain care for a global community: part 2: ethics and economics in intersection. Pract Pain Manag 2008, 8(7):65-69.Giordano J, Schatman ME, Benedikter R: Pain medicine, biotechnology and market effects: tools, tekne and moral responsibility. Ethics Biol Eng Med 2010, 1(2):133-140. doi:10.1615/EthicsBiologyEngMed.v1.i2.50.Giordano J, Newman R, Boswell MV: Pain, placebo, and nocebo: epistemic, ethical and practical issues. Pain Physician 2005, 8(4):331-333.Giordano J, Boswell MV: Pain research: can paradigmatic expansion bridge the demands of medicine, scientific philosophy and ethics?Pain Physician 2004, 7(4):407-410.Giordano J: Self, suffering and spirituality: the neuroscience of being, pain and spiritual experiences and practices. Mind Matter 2008, 6(2):179-191.Giordano J, Kohls NB: Techniques, technology, and tekne: on the ethical use of guidelines in the practice of interventional pain medicine.Pain Physician 2007, 10(1):1-5.Giordano J: The shifting architectonics of pain medicine: toward ethical realignment of scientific, medical and market values for the emerging global community--groundwork for policy.Pain Med 2011, 12(3):406-414. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01055.x.Giordano J, Benedikter R: Few benefits, likely harms: against universal random urine drug screening in pain management. Pain Med 2014, 15(12):2000-2001. doi:10.1111/pme.12604_3.Goldberg DS, Rich BA: On the nature, assessment, and treatment of fetal pain: neurobiological bases, pragmatic issues and ethical concerns. Pain Physician 2007, 10(4):525-532.Gupta A, Giordano J: Healthcare professionals and the DEA: trying to get back in balance. Pain Med 2006, 7(1):72-74. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00093.xHeit HA: Rawlsian justice and palliative care. Bioethics 2015, 29(8):536-542. doi:10.1111/bioe.12156.Knight C, Albertsen A: Controlling pain and reducing misuse of opioids: ethical considerations. Can Fam Physician 2012, 58(4):381-385.Kotalik J: Neuroethics, painience, and neurocentric criteria for the moral treatment of animals. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2014, 23(2):163-172. doi:10.1017/S0963180113000698.Loveless SE, Giordano J: Ethical pain management in the emergency department: the canary in the coal mine. Pain Manag 2015, 5(4):251-260. doi:10.2217/pmt.15.18.Marcus BS, Venkat A: Narrating truths worth living: addiction narratives. AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(4):77-78. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.721459.McConnell D, Snoek A: Whence tendance? accepting the responsibility of care for the chronic pain patient. Pain Physician 2009, 12(3):483-485.McGrew M, Giordano J: Toward a moral grounding of pain medicine: consideration of neuroscience, reverence, beneficence, and autonomy.Pain Physician 2008, 11(1):7-12.Niebr\u00f3j LT, Jadamus-Niebr\u00f3j D, Giordano J: American Society for Pain Management nursing position statement: pain management in patients with substance use disorders. J Addict Nurs 2012, 23(3):210-222. doi:10.1097/JAN.0b013e318271c123.Oliver J et al.: Ethical practice with patients in pain. Am J Nurs 2016, 116(1):57-60. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000476172.74165.1c.Olsen DP: A rose by any other name: pain contracts/agreements. Am J Bioeth 2010, 10(11):5-12. doi:10.1080/15265161.2010.519425.Payne R et al.: Drug seeking or pain crisis? responsible prescribing of opioids in the emergency department. Virtual Mentor 2013, 15(5):410-415. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2013.15.5.ecas2-1305.Pentin PL: Preserving beneficence. Pain Med 2013, 14(5):619. doi:10.1111/pme.12120_3.Peppin J: Pain perception in unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may challenge the interruption of artificial nutrition and hydration: neuroethics in action. Front Neurol 2016, 7:202. doi:10.3389/fneur.2016.00202.Riganello F et al.: Ethical quandaries in caring for primary-care patients with chronic pain. Fam Syst Health 2013, 31(1):52-59. doi:10.1037/a0031952.Robinson PJ, Rickard JA: Trust and the ethics of chronic pain management in HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2015, 26(5):509-513. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2015.05.007.Robinson-Papp J, George MC: An ethical framework for the management of pain in the emergency department.Acad Emerg Med 2013, 20(7):716-723. doi:10.1111/acem.12158.Venkat A et al.: Books:L'\u00e9thique de la Souffrance [the ethics of suffering]. Latresne: Bord de l'eau; 2002.Benasayag M, Abtroun S: La R\u00e9animation Neurochirurgicale [Neurosurgical Resuscitation]. Paris: Springer; 2007.Bruder N, Bissonnette B, Ravussin P: Neonatal Pain: Suffering, Pain and Risk of Brain Damage in the Fetus and Newborn. Milano: Springer-Verlag Italia; 2008.Buonocore G, Bellieni CV: La S\u00e9dation Continue en Fin de Vie: Enjeux Ethiques [Sedation at the End of Life: Ethical Issues]. Montr\u00e9al: M\u00e9diaspaul; 2005.Caenepeel D: Addiction Neuroethics: The Ethics of Addiction Neuroscience Research and Treatment. London: Academic Press; 2012.Carter A, Hall W, Illes J: Ethics in Pain Management and End-of-Life Care. Glendale, CA: Audio-Digest Foundation; 2006.Cole BE: Insight and Responsibility: Ethics in Pain Medicine and Palliative Care. London: Henry Stewart Talks; 2009.Gallagher RM: Cultural Ontology of the Self in Pain. New Delhi: Springer; 2016.George SK, Jung PG: Maldynia: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Illness of Chronic Pain. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2011.Giordano J: Pain Medicine: Philosophy, Ethics and Policy. Chicago: Linton Atlantic Books; 2009.Giordano JJ, Boswell MV: Pain: Mind, Meaning, and Medicine: Collected Essays on the Philosophical and Ethical Dimensions of Practical Pain Management. Glen Mills, PA: PPM Communications, Inc.; 2009.Giordano JJ: The Bioethics of Pain Management: Beyond Opioids. New York: Routledge; 2014.Goldberg DS: Suffering and Bioethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.Green RM, Palpant NJ: Ethics and Images of Pain. New York: Routledge; 2012.Gr\u00f8nstad A, Gustafsson H: Palliativmedizin [Palliative Medicine]. Berlin: Springer; 2009.Huseb\u00f8 S, Klaschik E: Pain and Injury in Sport: Social and Ethical Analysis. London: Routledge; 2006.Loland S, Skirstad B, Waddington I: Opioids and Pain Relief: A Historical Perspective. Seattle: IASP Press; 2003.Meldrum M: Suffering Narratives of Older Adults: A Phenomenological Approach to Serious Illness, Chronic Pain, Recovery and Maternal Care. New York: Routledge; 2015.Morrissey MBQ: Ethical Issues in Chronic Pain Management. New York: Informa Healthcare; 2007.Schatman ME: On the Suffering of the World. London: Penguin Books; 2004.Schopenhauer A, Hollingdale RJ: Clinical Ethics in Anesthesiology: A Case-Based Textbook. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2011.van Norman GA, Jackson S, Rosenbaum SH, Palmer SK: Book Chapters:From a neurophilosophy of pain to a neuroethics of pain care. In Scientific and Philosophical Perspectives in Neuroethics. Edited by James J. Giordano, Bert Gordijn. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2010:172-189.Giordano J: Minimally conscious states and pain: a different approach to patient ethics. In Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage. Edited by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:207-225.Hardcastle VG: Addiction and responsibility. In Neuroethics in Practice. Edited by Anjan Chatterjee, Martha J. Farah. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013:96-104.Hyman SE: The neurobiology of addiction: implications for the voluntary control of behavior. In Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings. Edited by Martha J. Farah. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2010: 259-267.Hyman SE: ArticlesNature, nurture and neuroscience: some future directions for historians of education. Paedagog Hist 2014, 50(6):852-860. doi:10.1080/00309230.2014.948011.Aldrich R: A room with a view of integrity and professionalism: personal reflections on teaching responsible conduct of research in the neurosciences. Sci Eng Ethics 2015, 21(2):461-469. doi:10.1007/s11948-014-9545-9.Bell E: Core strategies for the development of a clinical neuroethics education program for medical residents in the clinical neurosciences. JEMH 2009, 4(2):1-6.Buchman DZ, Borgelt E, Illes J: No brain left behind: consequences of neuroscience discourse for education. Learn Media Technol 2015, 40(2):168-186. doi:10.1080/17439884.2014.908908.Busso D, Pollack C: Neuroethics in Japan--current view and future visions. Brain Nerve 2009, 61(1):5-10.Fukushi T, Sakura O: Minding brain science in medicine: on the need for neuroethical engagement for guidance of neuroscience in clinical contexts. Ethics Biol Eng Med 2015, 6(1-2):37-42. doi:10.1615/EthicsBiologyEngMed.2015015333.Giordano J, Shook JR: Neuroscience and humanistic psychiatry: a residency curriculum. Acad Psychiatry 2014, 38(2):177-184. doi:10.1007/s40596-014-0063-5.Griffith JL: How can neuroscience contribute to moral philosophy, psychology and education based on Aristotelian virtue ethics?Int J Ethics Edu 2016, 1(2):201-217. doi:10.1007/s40889-016-0016-9.Han H: Neuroethics, neuroeducation, and classroom teaching: where the brain sciences meet pedagogy. Neuroethics 2012, 5(2):135-143. doi:10.1007/s12152-011-9116-6.Hardiman M, Rinne L, Gregory E, Yarmolinskaya J: Neuroscience for educators: what are they seeking, and what are they finding?Neuroethics 2013, 6(2):331-341. doi:10.1007/s12152-012-9159-3.Hook CJ, Farah MJ: A bridge too far -- revisited: reframing Bruer\u2019s neuroeducation argument for modern science of learning practitioners. Front Psychol 2016, 7:377. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00377.Horvath JC, Donoghue GM: Three requirements for justifying an educational neuroscience. Br J Educ Psychol 2012, 82(Pt 1):1-23. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.2012.02068.x.Hruby GG: Interview with Judy Illes. Trends Neurosci 2012, 35(9):521-523. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.06.006.Illes J. Standards of scientific conduct: disciplinary differences. Sci Eng Ethics 2015, 21(5):1085-1093. doi:10.1007/s11948-014-9594-0.Kalichman M, Sweet M, Plemmons D: More education, less administration: reflections of neuroimagers' attitudes to ethics through the qualitative looking glass. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(4):775-788. doi:10.1007/s11948-011-9282-2.Kehagia AA et al.: Mind, brain, and education: a transdisciplinary field. Mind Brain Educ 2016, 10(1):4-9. doi:10.1111/mbe.12102.Knox R: Science, human nature, and a new paradigm for ethics education. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):543-549. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9373-8.Lampe M: Ethical decision making in the conduct of research: role of individual, contextual, and organizational factors: commentary on \u201cscience, human nature, and a new paradigm for ethics education\u201d. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):551-555. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9371-x.Langlais PJ: Ethics in neuroscience graduate training programs: views and models from Canada. Mind Brain Educ 2010, 4(1):20-27. doi:10.1111/j.1751-228X.2009.01079.xLombera S, Fine A, Grunau RE, Illes J: The ethics of neuroeducation: research, practice and policy.Neuroethics 2012, 5(2):101-103. doi:10.1007/s12152-012-9156-6.Maxwell B, Racine E: Neuroethics and public engagement training needed for neuroscientists. Trends Cogn Sci 2010, 14(2):49-51. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.10.007.Morein-Zamir S, Sahakian BJ: Neuro\u00e9tica y neuropol\u00edtica: sugerencias para la educaci\u00f3n moral [neuroethics and neuropolitics: suggestions for moral education]. An\u00e1mnesis 2011, 6:62-66.Parra NH: What lies ahead for neuroethics scholarship and education in light of the Human Brain Project?AJOB Neurosci 2015, 6(1):1-3. doi:10.1080/21507740.2015.1000158.Rommelfanger KS, Johnson LSM: Neuroscientists need neuroethics teaching. Science 2009, 325(5937):147. doi:10.1126/science.325_147a.Sahakian BJ, Morein-Zamir S: Teaching ethics informed by neuroscience. J Teach Soc Work 2016, 36(3):302-311. doi:10.1080/08841233.2016.1173616.Sayre MM: Perspectives on engaging the public in the ethics of emerging biotechnologies: from salmon to biobanks to neuroethics. Account Res 2008, 15(4):283-302. doi:10.1080/08989620802388762.Secko DM, Burgess M, O\u2019Doherty K: Neurophilia: guiding educational research and the educational field?J Philos Educ 2016, 50(1):62-75. doi:10.1111/1467-9752.12173.Smeyers P: \"Do octopuses have a brain?\" knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards neuroscience at school. PLoS One 2012, 7(10):e47943. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047943.Sperduti A, Crivellaro F, Rossi PF, Bondioli L: Ethics in neuroscience curricula: a survey of Australia, Canada, Germany, the UK, and the US.Neuroethics 2013, 6(2):343-351. doi:10.1007/s12152-012-9168-2.Walther G: Educational neuroethics: a contribution from empirical research.Mind Brain Educ 2013, 7(1):56-62. doi:10.1111/mbe.12008.Zocchi M, Pollack C: BooksNeuroethics in Practice: Medicine, Mind, and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2013.Chatterjee A, Farah MJ: Making Good: How Young People Cope with Moral Dilemmas at Work. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2004.Fischman W, Solomon B, Greenspan D, Gardner H: Neuroethics: Defining the Issues in Theory, Practice and Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.Illes, J: Neuroscience and Education: A Philosophical Appraisal. New York: Routledge; 2016.Joldersma CW: Understanding the Brain: The Birth of a Learning Science. Paris: OECD; 2007.Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Gray Matters: Topics at the Intersection of Neuroscience, Ethics, and Society (Vol 1). Washington, DC: PCSBI; 2014.Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (PCSBI). Book chapters:Mind, brain, and education: a discussion of practical, conceptual, and ethical issues. In Handbook of Neuroethics. Edited by Jens Clausen, Neil Levy. Dordrecht: Springer; 2015:1703-1719.Ansari D: New directions in neuroscience policy. In The Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics. Edited by Judy Illes, Barbara J. Sahakian. Oxford: Oxford University; 2011:675-700.Brown TR, McCormick JB: Education in the age of Ritalin. In The New Brain Sciences: Perils and Prospects. Edited by Dai Reese, Steven Rose. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005:249-262.Cooper P: Is the use of neurotechnology in education an enablement, treatment, or enhancement? In Neurotechnology: Premises, Potential, and Problems. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012:37-46.Kalbfleisch ML: Biosecurity education and awareness in neuroscience. In Handbook of Neuroethics. Edited by Jens Clausen, Neil Levy. Dordrecht: Springer; 2015:1773-1783.Minehata M, Walther G: Views on developments in brain science from a societal perspective: statement. In Connecting Brains and Society . Edited by Peter Raeymaekers, Karin Rondia, Marjan Slob. Brussels: King Baudouin Foundation; 2004:87-89.Morselli PL: Neuroethics in education. In Neuroethics: Defining the Issues in Theory, Practice and Policy. Edited by Judy Illes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006:265-275.Sheridan K, Zinchenko E, Gardner H: Ethical issues in educational neuroscience: raising children in a brave new world. In The Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics. Edited by Judy Illes, Barbara J. Sahakian. Oxford: Oxford University; 2011:803-822.Stein Z, Bruno DC, Hinton C: Learning about neuroethics through health sciences online: a model for global dissemination. In The Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics. Edited by Judy Illes, Barbara J. Sahakian. Oxford: Oxford University; 2011:879-892.Tairyan K, Frank E: ArticlesThe neuroethics and neurolaw of brain injury. Behav Sci Law 2013, 31(6):789-802. doi:10.1002/bsl.2086.Aggarwal NK, Ford E: Neuroimaging, culture, and forensic psychiatry.J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2009, 37(2):239-244.Aggarwal NK: Can neurological evidence help courts assess criminal responsibility? lessons from law and neuroscience. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008, 1124:145-160. doi:10.1196/annals.1440.007.Aharoni E, Funk C, Sinnott-Armstrong W, Gazzaniga M: Neuroprediction of future rearrest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013, 110(15):6223-6228. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219302110.Aharoni E et al.: The law\u2019s use of brain evidence. Annu Rev Law Soc Sci 2010, 6:93-108. doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102209-152948.Aronson JD: The realities of neurolaw: a composition of data & research. U St Thomas JL & Pub Pol 2015, 9(2):189-207.Balmakund Z: Overselling images: fMRI and the search for truth. J Marshall Law Rev 2015, 48(3):651-692.Beecher-Monas E, Garcia-Rill E: Neurosciences et neurodroit [Neurosciences and law]. Encephale 2015, 41(5):383-384. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2015.09.004.Bourgeois ML: Neuroimaging, expert witnesses, and ethics: convergence and conflict in the courtroom. AJOB Neurosci 2014, 5(2):3-8. doi:10.1080/21507740.2014.880089.Berlin L: Neuroimaging - correlation, validity, value and admissibility: Daubert \u2013 and reliability \u2013 revisited. AJOB Neurosci 2014, 5(2): 48-50. doi:10.1080/21507740.2014.884186.Brindley T, Giordano J: What any parent knows\u201d but the Supreme Court misunderstands: reassessing neuroscience\u2019s role in diminished capacity jurisprudence. New Crim L Rev 2014, 17(3):442-501. doi:10.1525/nclr.2014.17.3.442.Brooks JD: \u201cCrimes against minds: on mental manipulations, harms and a human right to mental self-determination. Crim L Philos 2014, 8(1):51-77. doi:10.1007/s11572-012-9172-y.Bublitz JC, Merkel R: Mental capacity, legal competence and consent to treatment.J R Soc Med 2004, 97(9):415-420. doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.9.415.Buchanan A: From blame to punishment: disrupting prefrontal cortex activity reveals norm enforcement mechanisms. Neuron 2015, 87(6):1369-1380. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.023.Buckholtz JW et al.: The use of neuroscientific evidence in the courtroom by those accused of criminal offenses in England and Wales. J Law Biosci 2016, 2(3):510-549. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv025.Catley P, Claydon L: The death and rebirth of codes of legal ethics: how neuroscientific evidence of intuition and emotion in moral decision making should impact the regulation of the practice of law. Geo J Legal Ethics 2015, 28(2):323-369.Chaffee EC: The use of neuroscientific evidence in Canadian criminal proceedings. J Law Biosci 2016, 2(3):550-579. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv026.Chandler JA: Detecting deception using neuroscience: a review of lie detection using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Korean J Biol Psychiatry 2015, 22(3):109-112.Choi Y et al.: Imaging\u2019s insights into human violence. Radiol Technol 2014, 85(4):417-444.Church EJ: Neuroscience in the courtroom: an international concern.Wm Mary Law Rev 2012, 53(5):1826-1854.Church DJ: Rewiring juvenile justice: the intersection of developmental neuroscience and legal policy. Trends Cogn Sci 2014, 18(2):63-65. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.11.002.Cohen AO, Casey BJ: Equality and right to development as neuroethical concerns: assuring defendants\u2019 rights. Am J Bioeth 2008, 8(1):28-30. doi:10.1080/15265160701828428.De Amorim AR: Civil law and neuroscience.Psychiatr Psychol Law 2014, 21(2):272-285. doi:10.1080/13218719.2013.808978.de Kogel CH, Schrama WM, Smit M: When is an adolescent an adult? assessing cognitive control in emotional and nonemotional contexts. Psychol Sci 2016, 27(4):549-562. doi:10.1177/0956797615627625.Cohen AO et al.: The \u201cnature\u201d of legal dispute bargaining. Cardozo J Conflict Resol 2016, 17(2):393-426.Condlin R: Brain images, babies, and bathwater: critiquing critiques of functional neuroimaging. Hastings Cent Rep 2014, Spec No:S19-S30. doi:10.1002/hast.295.Farah MJ: Neuroethics: the ethical, legal, and societal impact of neuroscience. Annu Rev Psychol 2012, 63:571-591. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100438.Farah MJ: Neuroscience and behavioral genetics in US criminal law: an empirical analysis. J Law Biosci 2016, 2(3):485-509. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv059.Farahany NA: On the stand: another episode of neuroscience and law discussion from Italy. Neuroethics 2014, 7(2):243-245. doi: 10.1007/s12152-013-9187-7.Farisco M, Petrini C: Mental impairment, moral understanding and criminal responsibility: psychopathy and the purposes of punishment. Int J Law Psychiatry 2004, 27(5):425-443. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.Fine C, Kennett J: Cognitive neuroscience and the law.Curr Opin Neurobiol 2006, 16(2):130-134. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.011.Garland B, Glimcher PW: Functional magnetic resonance imaging in court. AJOB Neurosci 2014, 5(2):43-45. doi:10.1080/21507740.2014.884192.Gaudet LM, Lushing JR, Kiehl KA: Deliver us from evil? the temptation, realities and neuroethico-legal issues of employing assessment neurotechnologies in public safety initiatives.Theor Med Bioeth 2014, 35(1):73-89. doi:10.1007/s11017-014-9278-4.Giordano J, Kulkarni A, Farwell J: On the interfluence of neuroscience, neuroethics and legal and social issues: the need for (N)ELSI.AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(4):12-14. doi:10.1080/21507740.2010.515964.Giordano J, Olds J: Physicians, payments, and practices: moral issues, public perceptions, and the Stark laws. Pain Physician 2007, 10(6):719-723.Giordano J: Neuroscience in forensic psychiatry: from responsibility to dangerousness: ethical and legal implications of using neuroscience for dangerousness assessments.Int J Law Psychiatry 2016, 46:58-67. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.02.030.Gkotsi GM, Gasser J: Les neurosciences au Tribunal: de la responsibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la dangerosit\u00e9, enjeux \u00e9thiques soulev\u00e9s par la nouvelle loi Fran\u00e7aise. Encephale 2015, 41(5):385-393. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2014.08.014.Gkotsi GM, Moulin V, Gasser J: The limitations and potential of neuroimaging in the criminal law. J Ethics 2014, 18(2):153-170. doi:10.1007/s10892-014-9169-y.Glannon W: Neurocriminology: implications for the punishment, prediction and prevention of criminal behaviour.Nat Rev Neurosci 2014, 15(1):54-63. doi:10.1038/nrn3640.Glenn AL, Raine A: Pyschopathy and instrumental aggression: evolutionary, neurobiological, and legal perspectives.Int J Law Psychiatry 2009, 32(4):253-258. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.04.002.Glenn AL, Raine A: Introduction to this issue: traumatic brain injury. Behav Sci Law 2013, 31(6):683-685. doi:10.1002/bsl.2093.Granacher RP Jr, Sweet JJ, Felthous AR: What if? the farther shores of neuroethics: commentary on \"neuroscience may supersede ethics and law\".Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):439-446. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9391-6.Greely HT: For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything.Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004, 359(1451):1775-1785. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1546.Greene J, Cohen J: Forensic implications of neuroscientific advancements.J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2016, 44(2):193-197.Hauser LL: Advancing ethical neuroscience. Ann Neurol 2015, 77(5):735-737. doi:10.1002/ana.24411.Hauser SL: Neuroscience, neuropolitics and neuroethics: the complex case of crime, deception and FMRI. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):573-591. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9393-4.Henry S, Plemmons D: Neuroimaging in the courtroom: normative frameworks and consensual practices. AJOB Neurosci 2014, 5(2):37-39. doi:10.1080/21507740.2014.884190.Horstk\u00f6tter D et al.: Emerging neurotechnologies for lie-detection: where are we now? an appraisal of Wolpe, Foster and Langleben\u2019s \u201cemerging neurotechnologies for lie-detection: promises and perils\u201d five years later. Am J Bioeth 2010, 10(10):49-50. doi:10.1080/15265161.2010.527263.Hyman SE: A fish story? brain maps, lie detection, and personhood. Cerebrum 2004, 6(4):73-80.Illes J: Law and neuroscience.J Neurosci 2013, 33(45):17624-17630. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3254-13.2013.Jones OD, Marois R, Farah MJ, Greely HT: Neuroscientists in court.Nat Rev Neurosci 2013, 14(10):730-736. doi:10.1038/nrn3585.Jones OD, Wagner AD, Faigman DL, Raichle ME: Daubert, Frye and DTI: hijacking the right to trial by jury. AJOB Neurosci 2014, 5(2):16-23. doi:10.1080/21507740.2014.885096.Jungbauer WG, Bowman CW: Mental disorder and legal responsibility: the relevance of stages of decision making.Int J Law Psychiatry 2014, 37(6):601-608. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2014.02.034.Kalis A, Meynen G: Two views of First Amendment thought privacy. U Pa J Const L 2016, 18:1381-1423.Kolber AJ: Neuroscience, moral reasoning, and the law. Behav Sci Law 2009, 27(2):219-236. doi:10.1002/bsl.854.Knabb JJ, Welsh RK, Ziebell JG, Reimer KS: Legal and ethical issues in neuroimaging research: human subjects protection, medical privacy, and the public communication of research results.Brain Cogn 2002, 50(3):345-357. doi:10.1016/S0278-2626(02)00518-3.Kulynych J: Is neurolaw conceptually confused?J Ethics 2014, 18(2):171-185. doi:10.1007/s10892-014-9168-z.Levy N: Neuroprediction, truth-sensitivity, and the law. J Ethics 2014, 18(2):123-136. doi:10.1007/s10892-014-9162-5.Lippert-Rasmussen K: Some ethical issues in brain imaging. Cortex 2011, 47(10):1272-1274. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.05.001.Macdonald M: Neuroimaging techniques for memory detection: scientific, ethical, and legal issues. Am J Bioeth 2008, 8(1):9-20. doi:10.1080/15265160701842007.Meegan DV: Deception detection with behavioral, autonomic, and neural measures: conceptual and methodological considerations that warrant modesty. Psychophysiology 2016, 53(5):593-604. doi:10.1111/psyp.12609.Meijer EH et al.: Guidelines for the ethical use of neuroimages in medical testimony: report of a multidisciplinary consensus conference. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014, 35(4):632-637. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3711.Meltzer CC et al.: Neurolaw: neuroscience, ethics, and law: review essay.Ethical Theory Moral Pract 2014, 17(4):819-829. doi:10.1007/s10677-014-9501-4.Meynen G: A neurolaw perspective on psychiatric assessments of criminal responsibility: decision-making, mental disorder, and the brain.Int J Law Psychiatry 2013, 36(2):93-99. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.01.001.Meynen G: Neurolaw: recognizing opportunities and challenges for psychiatry.J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016, 41(1):3-5. doi:10.1503/jpn.150317.Meynen G: Stephen Morse on the fundamental psycho-legal error. Crim Law Philos 2016, 10(1):45-89. doi:10.1007/s11572-014-9299-0.Moore MS: Brain imaging in the courtroom: the quest for legal relevance. AJOB Neurosci 2014, 5(2):24-27. doi:10.1080/21507740.2014.880090.Morse SJ: Brain overclaim syndrome and criminal responsibility: a diagnostic note.Ohio St J Crim L 2006, 3:397-412.Morse SJ: New neuroscience, old problems: legal implications of brain science.Cerebrum 2004, 6(4):81-90.Morse SJ: Psychopathy and criminal responsibility.Neuroethics 2008, 1(3):205-212. doi:10.1007/s12152-008-9021-9.Morse SJ: A hypothetical neurological association between dehumanization and human rights abuses. J Law Biosci 2015, 2(2):336-364. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv015.Murrow GB, Murrow R: Unequal brains: disability discrimination laws and children with challenging behaviour.Med Law Rev 2016, 24(1):76-98. doi:10.1093/medlaw/fwv043.O\u2019Connell K: he ethical implications of considering neurolaw as a new power. Ethics Behav 2016, 26(3):252-266. doi:10.1080/10508422.2015.1012763.Pallar\u00e9s-Dom\u00ednguez D, Gonz\u00e1lez-Esteban E: TConnecting neuroscience and law: anticipatory discourse and the role of sociotechnical imaginaries.New Genet Soc 2011, 30(1):27-40. doi:10.1080/14636778.2011.552298.Pickersgill M: Hate speech, volition, and neurology. J Law Biosci 2016, 3(1):174-177. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv058.Roginsky AB, Tsesis A: \u201cScreen and intervene\u201d: governing risky brains. Hist Human Sci 2010, 23(1):79-105. doi:10.1177/0952695109352415.Rose N: Introduction: brain science in the 21st century: clinical controversies and ethical and legal implications. J Law Med Ethics 2014, 42(2):124-127. doi:10.1111/jlme.12125.Sade RM: The case for pain neuroimaging in the courtroom: lessons from deception detection. J Law Biosci 2015, 2(1):139-148. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv003.Salmanowitz N: Brains in context in the neurolaw debate: the examples of free will and \u201cdangerous\u201d brains.Int J Law Psychiatry 2012, 35(2):104-111. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2012.01.001.Schleim S: Neuroscience may supersede ethics and law. Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):433-437. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9351-1.Scott TR: The selective allure of neuroscientific explanations. PLoS One 2014, 9(9):e107529. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107529.Scurich N, Shniderman A: Don\u2019t ask a neuroscientist about phases of the moon: applying appropriate evidence law to the use of neuroscience in the courtroom. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2016, 25(4):712-725. doi:10.1017/S0963180116000438.Shats K, Brindley T, Giordano J: The mystery of freedom and neurolaw. Beijing Law Rev 2015, 6:133-146. doi:10.4236/blr.2015.62014.Sgarbi A: Neuroscience, mental privacy, and the law.Harv J Law Public Policy 2013, 36(2):654-713.Shen FX: Neurolaw and consciousness detection. Cortex 2011, 47(10):1246-1247. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.021.Sinnott-Armstrong WP: A recap on Italian neurolaw: epistemological and ethical issues. Mind Soc 2016, online only. doi:10.1007/s11299-016-0188-1.Sirgiovanni E, Corbellini G, Caporale C: Neuroscience, ethics and legal responsibility: the problem of the insanity defense: commentary on \"the ethics of neuroscience and the neuroscience of ethics: a phenomenological-existential approach\".Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):475-481. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9390-7.Smith SR: Emerging neurotechnologies for lie detection and the Fifth Amendment. Am J Law Med 2007, 33(2-3):359-375. doi:10.1177/009885880703300210.Stoller SE, Wolpe PR: The impact of neuroscience on health law.Neuroethics 2008, 1(2): 101-117. doi:10.1007/s12152-008-9010-z.Tovino S: The prospects for neuro-exceptionalism: transparent lies, naked minds. Am J Bioeth 2008, 8(1):3-8. doi:10.1080/15265160701828576.Wachbroit R: Neurolaw: the big question. Am J Bioeth 2008, 8(1):21-22. doi:10.1080/15265160701828485.Wolf SM: Emerging neurotechnologies for lie-detection: promises and perils. Am J Bioeth 2010, 10(10):40-48. doi:10.1080/15265161.2010.519238.Wolpe PR, Foster KR, Langleben DD: Causality in criminal forensic and in civil disability cases: legal and psychological comparison. Int J Law Psychiatry 2015, 42-43:113-120. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.015.Young G: BooksUnfair: The New Science of Criminal Injustice. New York: Broadway Books; 2015.Benforado A: Ethical and Legal Issues in Neurology. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2013.Bernat JL, Beresford HR: \u201cMy Brain Made Me Do It\u201d:  tell us about criminal responsibility. In his Brain, Body, and Mind: Neuroethics with a Human Face. New York: Oxford University Press; 2011:72-92.Glannon W: The social effects of advances in neuroscience: legal problems, legal perspectives. In Neuroethics: Defining the Issues in Theory, Practice, and Policy. Edited by Judy Illes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006:245-263.Greely HT: For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything. In Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings. Edited by Martha J. Farah. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 2010:232-258.Greene J, Cohen J: Law. In A Companion to Moral Anthropology. Edited by Didier Fassin. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012:432-448.Greenhouse CJ: Free will as a matter of law. In Philosophical Foundations of Law and Neuroscience. Edited by Michael S. Pardo and Dennis Patterson. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2016:15-32.Kolber AJ: Brain overclaim syndrome and criminal responsibility: a diagnostic note. In Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings. Edited by Martha J. Farah. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 2010:268-280.Morse SJ: Philosophy, neuroscience and law: the conceptual and empirical, rule-following, interpretation and knowledge. In Problems of Normativity, Rules and Rule-Following. In Problems of Normativity, Rules and Rule-Following. Edited by Micha\u0142 Araszkiewicz, Pawe\u0142 Bana\u015b, Tomasz Gizbert-Studnicki, Krzysztof P\u0142eszka. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2015:177-188.Patterson D, Pardo MS: Neuroscience and the legal system. In their Gray Matters: Topics at the Intersection of Neuroscience, Ethics, and Society (Vol. 2). Washington, DC: Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues; 2015:85-115.Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues. An overview of the impact of neuroscience evidence in criminal law. In Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings. Edited by Martha J. Farah. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 2010:220-231.President\u2019s Council on Bioethics Staff: Neurosciences and the law. In International Neurolaw: A Comparative Analysis. Edited by Tade Matthias Spranger. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2012: 1-10.Spranger TM: Traumatic brain injury and legal responsibility. In Neuroethics: Mapping the Field: Conference Proceedings. Edited by Steven J. Marcus. New York: The Dana Press; 2002:74-82.Winslade WJ: Emerging neurotechnologies for lie detection: promises and perils. In Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings. Edited by Martha J. Farah. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 2010:165-184.Wolpe PR, Foster KR, Langleben DD: Articles:The implications of the new brain sciences: the \u201cDecade of the Brain\u201d is over but its effects are now becoming visible as neuropolitics and neuroethics, and in the emergence of neuroeconomies. EMBO Rep 2008, 9(12):1158-1162. doi:10.1038/embor.2008.211.Abi-Rached JM: When the boss turns pusher: a proposal for employee protections in the age of cosmetic neurology. J Med Ethics 2008, 34(8):616-618. doi:10.1136/jme.2007.022723.Appel JM: Neurotechnology: new frontiers for European policy.Pan Euro Network Sci Tech 2012, 3:204-207.Benedikter R, Giordano J: Potential for bias in the context of neuroethics. Commentary on \"Neuroscience, neuropolitics and neuroethics: the complex case of crime, deception and fMRI\".Bird SJ: Sci Eng Ethics 2012, 18(3):593-600. doi:10.1007/s11948-012-9399-y.Policy implications of the new neuroscience.Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2007, 16(2): 169-180. doi:10.1017/S0963180107070193.Blank RH: Brain matters: from environmental ethics to environmental neuroethics. Environ Health 2016, 15:20. doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0114-3.Cabrera LY et al.: Biomedical research and the commercialization agenda: a review of main considerations for neuroscience. Account Res 2008, 15(4):303-320. doi:10.1080/08989620802388788.Caulfield T, Ogbogu U: Rewiring juvenile justice: the intersection of developmental neuroscience and legal policy.Trends Cogn Sci 2014, 18(2):63-65. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.11.002.Cohen AO, Casey BJ: Contacting the brain--aspects of a technology assessment of neural implants. Biotechnol J 2008, 3(12):1502-1510. doi:10.1002/biot.200800225.Decker M, Fleischer T: Who will guard the guardians of neuroscience? firing the neuroethical imagination. EMBO Rep 2007, 8:S65-69. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401010.De Vries R: Does the principle of informed consent apply to futures studies research?Futures 2015, 71:114-121. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2014.09.002.Dolan TE: Toward a legitimate public policy on cognition-enhancement drugs.AJOB Neurosci 2012, 3(3):29-33. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.700681.Dubljevic V: Commercializing cognitive neurotechnology--the ethical terrain. Nat Biotechnol 2007, 25(4):393-397. doi:10.1038/nbt0407-393.Eaton ML, Illes J: Emerging ethical issues in neuroscience. Nat Neurosci 2002, 5(11):1123-1129. doi:10.1038/nn1102-1123.Farah MJ: Neuroimaging and neuroethics: clinical and policy considerations.Curr Opin Neurol 2007, 20(6):650-654. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f11f6d.Fins JJ, Shapiro ZE: Defining neuromarketing: practices and professional challenges. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2010, 18(4):230-237. doi:10.3109/10673229.2010.496623.Fisher CE, Chin L, Klitzman R: A descriptive social neuroethics is needed to reveal lived identities. Am J Bioeth 2009, 9(9):16-17. doi:10.1080/15265160903098580.Fry CL: \u795e\u7d4c\u502b\u7406\u306e\u5c0e\u5165:\u8133\u5352\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u3001\u8133\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u5b66\u554f\u9818\u57df\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066 . Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2008, 48(11):952-954.Fukushi T, Sakura O: Neuroethics and fMRI: mapping a fledgling relationship. PLoS One 2011, 6(4):e18537. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018537.Garnett A et al.: Neuroethical issues in neurogenetics and neurotransplantation technology \u2013 the need for pragmatism and preparedness in practice and policy.Studies Ethics, Law Technol 2011,4(3):4. doi:10.2202/1941-6008.1152.Giordano J: Neuroscience, neurotechnology and national security: the need for preparedness and an ethics of responsible action. AJOB Neurosci 2010, 1(2):35-36. doi:10.1080/21507741003699397.Giordano J, Forsythe C, Olds J. Toward right and good use of brain-machine interfacing neurotechnologies: ethical issues and implications for guidelines and policy.Cog Technol 2010, 15(2):5-10.Giordano J, DuRousseau, D: Mapping the future. Cerebrum 2002, 4(3):72-76.Hall ZW: Neuroscience cannot answer these questions: a response to G. and R. Murrow's essay hypothesizing a link between dehumanization, human rights abuses and public policy.J Law Biosci 2015, 3(1):167-173. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv041.Hoffman MB: Third International Satellite Conference on Neuro-Chemical Monitoring: proposed guidelines for neuro-chemical monitoring. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2002, 81:341-342. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6738-0_86.Hutchinson P: Introduction: accountability in neuroethics. Account Res 2008, 15(4):205-208. doi:10.1080/08989620802388648.Illes J, Pierce R: \u795e\u7d4c\u502b\u7406\u3068\u751f\u547d\u502b\u7406 - \u30d0\u30eb\u30ab\u30f3\u5316\u8ad6\u4e89\u306e\u610f\u5473 [neuroethics and bioethics - implications of Balkanization controversy]. Brain Nerve 2009, 61(1):11-17.Kagawa C: Social neuroscience and public policy on intergroup relations: a Hegelian analysis.J Soc Issues 2010, 66(3): 585-601. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2010.01664.x.Kang SM, Inzlicht M, Derks B: \u6df1\u3044\u8133\u306e\u523a\u6fc0\u3068\u795e\u7d4c\u502b\u7406 [deep brain stimulation and neuroethics]. Brain Nerve 2009, 61(1):27-32.Katayama Y, Fukaya C: Protecting America\u2019s secrets while maintaining academic freedom. Acad Med 2004, 79(4):333-342.Keel BA: Consumer neuroscience: an overview of an emerging discipline with implications for consumer policy.J Verbrauch Lebensm 2011, 6(1):111-125. doi: 10.1007/s00003-010-0652-5.Kenning PH, Linzmajer M: Brain science and social policy. Cerebrum 2002, 4(3):59-62.Koenig BA, et al.: What is \u201cneuromarketing\u201d? a discussion and agenda for future research. Int J Psychophysiol 2007, 63(2):199-204. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.03.007.Lee N, Broderick AJ, Chamberlain L: Brain, body, and society: bioethical reflections on socio-historical neuroscience and neuro-corporeal social science. Am J Bioeth 2009, 9(9):25-26. doi:10.1080/15265160903095982.Lyng S: German neurology and the \u2018Third Reich\u2019. Eur Neurol 2016, 76(5-6):234-243. doi:10.1159/000450851.Martin M, Fangerau H, Karenberg A: The (bio)politicization of neuroscience in Australian early years policies: fostering brain-resources as human capital. J Educ Policy 2016, 31(4):389-404. doi:10.1080/02680939.2016.1148780.Millei Z, Joronen M: \u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u9032\u6b69\u306b\u3088\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff [social impact of recent advances in neuroscience]. Brain Nerve 2009, 61(1):18-26.Mima T: DARPA on your mind. Cerebrum 2004, 6(4):91-99.Moreno JD: Society and the reception of imaging technology: the American experience. Cortex 2011, 47(10):1256-1258. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.024.Moreno JD: \u201cSoft\u201d versus \u201chard\u201d psychological science: biased evaluations of scientific evidence threatens or supports a strongly held political identity.Basic Appl Soc Psych 2014, 36(6):533-543. doi:10.1080/01973533.2014.960080.Munro GD, Munro CA: A hypothetical neurological association between dehumanization and human rights abuses.J Law Biosci 2015, 2(2):336-364. doi:10.1093/jlb/lsv015.Murrow GB, Murrow R: Tracking the impact of neuroethics. Cortex 2011, 47(10):1259-1260. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.020.O\u2019Connell G: Torturing the brain: on the folk psychology and folk neurobiology motivating \u201cenhanced and coercive interrogation techniques\u201d. Trends Cogn Sci 2009, 13(12):497-500. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.09.001.O\u2019Mara S: Collision or convergence? beliefs and politics in neuroscience discovery, ethics, and intervention.Trends Neurosci 2014, 37(8):409-412. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.06.001.Paylor B, Longstaff H, Rossi F, Illes J: EEG-based neurofeedback: the promise of neurotechnology and need for neuroethically-informed guidelines and policies. Ethics Biol Eng Med 2011, 2(3):221-232. doi:10.1615/EthicsBiologyEngMed.2012004853.Plischke H, DuRousseau D, Giordano, J: Exploring some challenges of the pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement discourse: users and policy recommendations. Neuroethics 2014, 7(2):137-158. doi:10.1007/s12152-013-9192-x.Pustovrh T, Mali F: Can, and should, behavioural neuroscience influence public policy?Trends Cogn Sci 2012, 16(9):449-451. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.07.005.Seymour B, Vlaev I: Cognitive enhancement kept within contexts: neuroethics and informed public policy.Front Syst Neurosci 2014, 8:228. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00228.Shook JR, Galvagni L, Giordano J: Responsibility rewarded: ethics, engagement, and scientific autonomy in the labyrinth of the minotaur. Neuron 2011, 70(4):577-581. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.009.Taylor PL: Neuroscience, ethics, and national security: the state of the art. PLoS Biol 2012, 10(3):e1001289. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001289.Tennison MN, Moreno JD: Models for the neuroethical debate in the community. Cerebrum 2004, 6(4):100-107.Timpane J: Neuroscience, power and culture: an introduction. Hist Human Sci 2010, 23(1):1-10. doi:10.1177/0952695109354395.Vrecko S: Ethics and social policy in research on the neuroscience of human sexuality. Nat Neurosci 2004, 7(10):1031-1033. doi:10.1038/nn1324.Wolpe PR: Ethical issues in the translation of social neuroscience: a policy analysis of current guidelines for public dialogue in human research. Account Res 2012, 19(1):27-46. doi:10.1080/08989621.2012.650949.Zimmerman E, Racine E: BooksIntervention in the Brain: Politics, Policy, and Ethics. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 2013.Blank RH: Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Policy Implications in International Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2016.Jotterand J, Dubljevi\u0107 V: Neuroethics: Defining the Issues in Theory, Practice, and Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.Illes J: Political Psychology: Neuroscience, Genetics, and Politics. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013.Marcus GE: The Brain\u2019s Body: Neuroscience and Corporeal Politics. Durham: Duke University Press; 2016.Pitts-Taylor V: Brain Culture: Shaping Policy Through Neuroscience. Chicago, IL: Policy Press; 2015.Pykett J: Book ChaptersFraming cognitive enhancement policy. In his Cognitive Enhancement: Social and Public Policy Issues. New York: Palgrave Pivot; 2015:92-108.Blank RH: Policy and politics of cognitive enhancement. In his Cognitive Enhancement: Social and Public Policy Issues. New York: Palgrave Pivot; 2015:71-91.Blank RH: Regulating cognitive enhancement technologies: policy options and problems. In Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Policy Implications in International Perspectives. Edited by Fabrice Jotterand and Veljko Dubljevi\u0107. New York: Oxford University Press; 2016:239-258.Blank RH: State-imposed brain intervention: the case of pharmacotherapy for drug abuse. In Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings. Edited by Martha J. Farah. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2010:281-294.Boire RG: Cognitive enhancement: methods, ethics, regulatory challenges. In Contemporary Issues in Bioethics. 8th edition. Edited by Tom L. Beauchamp, LeRoy Walters, Jeffrey P. Kahn, Anna C. Mastroianni. Boston: Wadsworth; 2014:579-588.Bostrom N, Sandberg A: New directions in neuroscience policy. In Oxford Handbook of Neuroethics. Edited by Judy Illes and Barbara J. Sahakian, J. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011:675-700.Brown TR, McCormick JB: Postscript: a neuroscience and national security normative framework for the twenty-first century. In Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2015:279-283.Casebeer WD: Toward responsible use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by the healthy: policy suggestions. In Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings. Edited by Martha J. Farah. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 2010:73-77.Greely HT et al.: From neurons to politics \u2013 without a soul. In Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings. Edited by Martha J. Farah. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 2010:357-363.Murphy N: The critique of mindfulness and the mindfulness of critique: paying attention to the politics of ourselves with Foucault\u2019s analytic of governmentality. In Handbook of Mindfulness: Culture, Context, and Social Engagement. Edited by Ronald E. Purser, David Forbes, T. Adam Burke. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2016:135-152.Ng E: Policy implications of technologies for cognitive enhancement. In Neurotechnology: Premises, Potential, and Problems. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012:267-285.Sarewitz D, Karas TH: Can (and should) we regulate neurosecurity? lessons from history. In Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2015:249-258.Tabery J: Regulating neuroimaging. In Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings. Edited by Martha J. Farah. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 2010:201-210.Tovino S: Engaging neuroethical issues generated by the use of neurotechnology in national security and defense: toward process, methods, and paradigm. In Neurotechnology in National Security and Defense: Practical Considerations, Neuroethical Concerns. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2015:259-277.Tractenberg RE, FitzGerald KT, Giordano J: ArticlesA preliminary insight into an Islamic mechanism for neuroethics. Malays J Med Sci 2016, 23(1):1-3.Baharuddin A, Musa MN, Salleh SS: The outer and inner transformation of the global sphere through technology: the state of two fields in transition. New Global Studies 2011, 5(2). doi:10.2202/1940-0004.1129.Benedikter R, Giordano J: International standards for intellectual property protection of neuroscience and neurotechnology: neuroethical, legal and social (NELS) considerations in light of globalization. Stanford J Law Sci Policy 2014, 7:33-49.Brindley T, Giordano J: Ethical challenges of simulation-driven Big Neuroscience. AJOB Neurosci 2016, 7(1):5-17. doi:10.1080/21507740.2015.1135831.Christen M et al.: Building global capacity for brain and nervous system disorders research. Nature 2015, 527(7578):S207-S213. doi:10.1038/nature16037.Cotter LB et al.: Conflict of interest regarding clinical psychiatrist relationship with global pharmaceutical industries. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 2010, 112(11):1117-1123.Eguchi S: Neuroethics: the pursuit of transforming medical ethics in scientific ethics. Biol Res 2016, 49:11. doi:10.1186/s40659-016-0070-y.Figueroa G: \u65e5\u672c\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u7d4c\u502b\u7406 - \u73fe\u72b6\u3068\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u30d3\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3 [neuroethics in Japan - current view and future visions]. Brain Nerve 2009, 61(1):5-10.Fukushi T, Sakura O: Ethical considerations in the globalization of medicine - an interview with Dr. James Giordano. BMC Med 2013, 11:69. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-69.Giordano J, Alam S: Guidare la neuroscienza e lo sviluppo della persona nel XXI secolo: una prospettiva naturalistica e cosmopolita per la neuroetica .J Int Bioethique 2011, 22(3-4):33-50, 192.Frippiat L: How would you train a transhuman?Training and Development 2012, 1:27-29.Galagan P: Dignity and agential realism: human, posthuman, and nonhuman.Am J Bioeth 2010, 10(7):57-58. doi:10.1080/15265161003686548.Glenn LM, Dvorsky G: [Human nature and the enhancement of human beings in the light of the transhumanist program].J Int Bioethique 2011, 22(3-4):19-32, 191.Goffi JY: Probing the human brain with stimulating electrodes: the story of Roberts Bartholow\u2019s (1874) experiment on Mary Rafferty. Brain Cogn 2009, 70(1):92-115. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.01.008.Harris LJ, Almerigi JB: The forgotten era of brain chips. Sci Am 2005, 293(4):66-73. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1005-66.Horgan J: Is transhumanism a humanism?Rev Derecho Genoma Hum 2015, 42:15-24.Hottois G: Contradictions from the Enlightenment roots of transhumanism.J Med Philos 2010, 35(6):622-640. doi:10.1093/jmp/jhq049.Hughes J: Human dignity and transhumanism: do anthro-technological devices have moral status?Am J Bioeth 2010, 10(7):45-52. doi: 10.1080/15265161003728795.Jotterand F: Enhancing who? enhancing what? ethics, bioethics, and transhumanism. J Med Philos 2010, 35(6):685-699. doi:10.1093/jmp/jhq051.Koch T: Cochlear implantations, enhancements, transhumanism and posthumanism: some human questions. Sci Eng Ethics 2016, 22(1):67-92. doi:10.1007/s11948-015-9640-6.Lee J: Cyborg identities and contemporary techno-utopias: adaptations and transformations of the body in the age of nanotechnology.J Int Bioethique 2011, 22(1):71-88, 209-10.Maestrutti M: The monstrous transformation of the self: translating Japanese cyberpunk and the posthuman into the living world. Luminary 2015, 6(1):71-86.Mavridou O: Becoming borg to become immortal: regulating brain implant technologies. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2007, 16(3):291-302. doi:10.1017/S0963180107070326.McGee EM, Maguire GQ: Transhumanism, medical technology and slippery slopes.J Med Ethics 2006, 32(9):513-518. doi:10.1136/jme.2005.013789.McNamee MJ, Edwards SD:. Pojav tehnoloske triade: opisni pojem danasnje totalne realnosti [The occurrence of technological triad: descriptive concept of today's totality of reality]. Knjiznica2016, 60(1):135-160.Mi\u010dunovi\u0107 M, Badurina B, Bosan\u010di\u0107 B: Does post-humanism still need ethics? the normativity of an open nature.Cuad Bioet 2014, 25(85):469-479.Murillo JI: From synthetic biology to synthetic humankind]. C R Biol 2015, 338(8-9):559-565. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2015.06.015.Nouvel P: . Gal\u00e1xia 2010, 9-12.Rodriguez PE: Dignity, ar\u00eate, and hubris in the transhumanist debate.Am J Bioeth 2010, 10(7):67-68. doi:10.1080/15265161003728845.Sadler JZ: A posthuman liturgy? virtual worlds, robotics, and human flourishing.New Bioeth 2013, 19(1):46-53.Shatzer J: Neuroethics beyond normal: performance enablement and self-transformative technologies.Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2016, 25(1):121-140. doi:10.1017/S0963180115000377.Shook JR, Giordano J: Transumanesimo: una introduzione all\u2019idea di evoluzione autodiretta [Transhumanism: an introduction to the idea of self-directed evolution]. ISPF-LAB 2015, 12:1-12. doi:10.12862/ISPF15L406.Stile GC: Transhumanism: a new kind of Promethean hubris.New Bioeth 2015, 21(2):117-27. doi:10.1179/2050287715Z.00000000060.Sutton A: Moral transhumanism: the next step. J Med Philos 2012, 37(4):405-416. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhs024.Tennison MN: Posthumanism: beyond humanism?Cuad Bio\u00e9t 2014, 25(3):481-491.Valera L: Enhancing disabilities: transhumanism under the veil of inclusion?Disabil Rehabil 2010, 32(26):2222-2227. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2010.491578.Van Hilvoorde I, Landeweerd L: Transhumanismus und posthumanismus \u2013 ein \u00fcberblick oder: der schmale grat zwischen utopie und dystopie [transhumanism and posthumanism \u2013 an overview: the narrow ridge between utopia and dystopia]. J New Front Spat Con 2013, 5:43-48.Woll S: Future think: cautiously optimistic about brain augmentation using tissue engineering and machine interface. Front Syst Neurosci 2015, 72. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2015.00072.Zehr EP: The potential transformation of our species by neural enhancement.J Mot Behav 2015, 47(1):73-78. doi:10.1080/00222895.2014.916652.Zehr EP: BooksSuperintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2016.Bostrom N: The Posthuman. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press; 2013.Braidotti R: Humans and Automata: A Social Study of Robotics. Frankfurt: Peter Lang; 2015.Campa R: Transhumanism and Transcendence: Christian Hope in an Age of Technological Enhancement. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press; 21011Cole-Turner R: Writing History in the Age of Biomedicine. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2013.Cooter R, Stein C: Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux; 2002.Fukuyama F: The Proactionary Imperative: A Foundation for Transhumanism. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan; 2014.Fuller S, Lipi\u0144ska V: Neurotechnology: Premises, Potential, and Problems. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012.Giordano J: Medical Enhancement and Posthumanity. Dordrecht: Springer; 2008.Gordijn B, Chadwick RF: Beyond the Cyborg: Adventures with Donna Haraway. New York: Columbia University Press; 2013.Grebowicz M, Merrick H: The Haraway Reader. New York: Routledge; 2004.Haraway DJ: Manifestly Haraway. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press; 2016.Haraway DJ: Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge; 2015.Haraway DJ: How Cutting-Edge Science Is Extending Our Lives. New York: St. Martin\u2019s Press; 2016.Herold E: Beyond Human: Prophets of the Posthuman: American Fiction, Biotechnology, and the Ethics of Personhood. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press; 2013.Lake CB: La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de l'Am\u00e9lioration: La Perfectibilit\u00e9 Humaine des Lumi\u00e8res au Transhumanisme [The Society of Improvement: Human Perfectibility from the Enlightenment to Transhumanism]. Montr\u00e9al: Liber; 2015.Le D\u00e9v\u00e9dec N: Die Dritte Natur: \u00dcber Posthumane Faktizit\u00e4t [The Third Nature: About Posthuman Facts]. Munster: Lit; 2004.Linke DB: Religion and Transhumanism: The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger; 2015.Mercer C, Trothen TJ: Posthumanism. Cambridge: Polity; 2014.Nayar PK: Posthuman Life: Philosophy at the Edge of the Human. London: Routledge; 2015.Roden D: Human Nature In An Age of Biotechnology: The Case for Mediated Posthumanism. Dordrecht: Springer; 2014.Sharon T: Transhumanismus: \"Die Gef\u00e4hrlichste Idee der Welt\"!? [Transhumanism: \u201cThe Most Dangerous Idea in the World!?\u201d]. Freiburg: Herder; 2016.Sorgner SL: Building Better Humans? Refocusing the Debate on Transhumanism. Frankfurt: Peter Lang; 2012.Tirosh-Samuelson H, Mossman KL: Designer Evolution: A Transhumanist Manifesto. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2006.Young S: Book ChaptersThe cyborg and cyborgization. In Neurotechnology: Premises, Potential, and Problems. Edited by James Giordano. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2012:191-198.Benanti P: On the possibilities of posthumanism, or how to think queerly in an anti-black world. In his Thinking Queerly: Race, Class, Gender, and the Ethics of Identity. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers; 2012:1-12.Fryer DR: Improvements: a perspective on transhumanism. In his Nanofuture: What\u2019s Next for Nanotechnology. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books; 2005:257-270.Hall JS: Just don\u2019t call it transhumanism. In her Beyond Human: How Cutting-Edge Science Is Extending Our Lives. New York: St. Martin\u2019s Press; 2016:238-263.Herold E: Techno sapien: nanotechnology cybernetics, transhumanism and the remaking of humankind. In: Human Dignity in the Biotech Century: A Christian Vision for Public Policy. Edited by Charles W. Colson and Nigel M. de S. Cameron. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press; 2004:75-97.Hook CC: Transhumanism and posthumanism. In Encyclopedia of Bioethics, 3rd ed. Edited by Stephen G. Post. New York: Macmillan Reference USA; 2004:2517-2520.Hook CC: Technoscience et m\u00e9decine d'am\u00e9lioration. In L'humain et Ses Pr\u00e9fixes: Une Encyclop\u00e9die du Transhumanisme et du Posthumanisme. Edited by Gilbert Hottois, Jean-No\u00ebl Missa, Laurence Perbal. Paris: J. Vrin; 2015:193-342.Hottois G, Missa JN, Perbal L: The ethics of regenerative medicine: beyond humanism and posthumanism. In Contemporary Issues in Bioethics. 8th edition. Edited by Tom L. Beauchamp, LeRoy Walters, Jeffrey P. Kahn, Anna C. Mastroianni. Boston: Wadsworth; 2014:588-595.McKenny GP: Future minds: transhumanism, cognitive enhancement, and the nature of persons. In The Penn Center Guide to Bioethics. Edited by Vardit Ravitsky, Autumn Fiester, Arthur L. Caplan. New York: Springer; 2009:95-110.Schneider S: Posthuman bodies. In The Cambridge Companion to the Body in Literature. Edited by David Hillman, Ulrika Maude. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2015:245-260.Sheehan P: Resistance is futile: the posthuman condition and its advocates. In Is Human Nature Obsolete? Genetics, Bioengineering, and the Future of the Human Condition. Edited by Harold W. Baillie, Timothy K. Casey. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 2005:385-411.Winner L: Neurotechnology, cyborgs, and the sense of self. In Neuroethics: Mapping the Field. Edited by Steven J. Marcus. New York: Dana Press; 2002:159-191.Wolpe PR: It is our intent that this bibliography will provide background resources that can foster a greater understanding of recent ethical issues in translational neurosciences, facilitate deeper discourse about such issues, and contribute to a more complete view of the literature in neuroethics, if not the field, at large. In regarding this work, it becomes clear that neuroethics is a sub-field of bioethics, and thus as a focused aspect of ethics in general \u201310. The But the philosophical and practical implications of the relationship of the brain to the mind (and whatever it is construed to be), self, and ontology may also raise other questions about what neuroethics is, and what it is posturing to achieve . Review Indeed, as a discipline, and in its practice(s), neuroethics can remain on firmer scientific ground by taking into consideration mind-brain relations where they are empirically confirmed. The current stance is that this confirming evidence is not derived from the use of a single tool, such as the newest techniques of brain imaging or stimulation; and neuroethical discourse has much to do with establishing that stance. The body of neuroethical literature has included much work about the tensions between oppositional positions regarding the validity and value of certain neurological diagnostics and the relevance of those diagnostics for disputing folk psychology. Critically detached perspectives on neuroscience are not scarce. That same literature is also not lacking in scrutiny from ethicists or social scientists.is, look closely at what it does\u201d. So, some fifteen years after its nominal establishment, we may now look to the literature to assess what neuroethics has done, and in this way, infer what it is, and perhaps what it may become (or need to become). In this approach, we might also ask if the speculative aspects of neuroethical discourse  create something of a performative disposition . Surely, there are some - both within the field and external to it \u2013 who have made claims about the future impact of brain science on various dimensions of human existence  [Granting all this, philosophical discussions in neuroethics have, and can still become somewhat preoccupied with the pros and cons of reductionisms of many sorts, but this is \u2013 and arguably should be \u2013 recognized as just that: philosophical discourse that offers speculations about the aforementioned \u201chard questions and problems,\u201d and what these infer for views, validity, and uses of neuroscientific information and tools. In aspiring to establish neuroethics both as a sub-discipline of bioethics and ethics at large, it becomes important to demarcate its subject matter(s) and methods of inquiry. There is an adage that \u201c\u2026if you wish to know what something as well) , 18. Butas well) , 20. ThiAs a discipline that is focused upon science and its conduct and applications in society, neuroethics must define itself in terms of such real problems and appropriate methods. Given that both science and society change, and often in reciprocity as a consequence of their interaction, it therefore remains open, if not necessary, for neuroethics to continually reconstruct itself. The literature will be the vector and testimonial to this ongoing review and revision. Through such evolving discourse, neuroethics may address, critique and guide the brain sciences, and equally examine, critically evaluate and revise its own stances and practices. It may be, of course, that neuroethics will fail to fully achieve the status of a discrete discipline, and instead, will \u201crevert\u201d to being the work of a group of scholars who focus upon ethical issues in brain research, clinical neurology and psychiatry, and the employment of neuroscientific techniques in the social sphere. Or, it may be that the field\u2019s agendas may be better handled jointly by other, established disciplines. Multi-disciplinary fields are far more numerous than unified disciplines for good reasons. So while it is certainly possible that the genuinely practical problems of brain science in society may not suffice to maintain the need for neuroethics as a discrete multidisciplinary field, we posit that they most probably will. Our hope is that this bibliography will provide a basis to both look back upon and assess the foci, scope and efforts of neuroethical discourse to date, and from this vantage point develop and enhance the discipline and practices of neuroethics and its value to brain science and society both at present, and in the future."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Tanja Schimek-Jasch. The correct citation is as follows: Gkika E, Vach W, Adebahr S, Schimek-Jasch T, Brenner A, Brunner TB, et al. (2017) Is serum level of CC chemokine ligand 18 a biomarker for the prediction of radiation induced lung toxicity (RILT)? PLoS ONE 12(9): e0185350."}
{"text": "The correct name is Ulrika Asenbaum. The correct citation is: Nolz R, Asenbaum U, Furtner J, Woitek R, Unterhumer S, Wibmer A, et al. (2016) Type 2 Endoleaks: The Diagnostic Performance of Non-Specialized Readers on Arterial and Venous Phase Multi-Slice CT Angiography. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0149725. doi:"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm and Motility. PLoS Genet 12(10): e1006354. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006354. In the Author Contributions section, the initials JM should appear as JAM.The third author's name is incorrect. The correct name is: Joana A. Moscoso. The correct citation is: Valentini M, Laventie B-J, Moscoso JA, Jenal U, Filloux A (2016) The Diguanylate Cyclase HsbD Intersects with the HptB Regulatory Cascade to Control"}
{"text": "Present: Reference and callout information were presented incorrectly for reference 24.Correct: The proper reference and callout information are listed below.RESULTSCancer stem cells from GBM were isolated as described previously [24]. We were able to collect either core- (c-CSC) or peritumor tissue-derived cancer stem cells (p-CSC) from several primary GBM samples. The two types of CSC form intracranial tumors in immunocompromised mice. Nevertheless, c-CSC showed a higher tumor initiating ability when compared with p-CSC which had a lower tumorigenicity [24].REFERENCES24. Lama G, Mangiola A, Proietti G, Colabianchi A, Angelucci C, D'Alessio A, De Bonis P, Geloso MC, Lauriola L, Binda E, Biamonte F, Giuffrida MG, Vescovi A, Sica G. Progenitor/Stem Cell Markers in Brain Adjacent to Glioblastoma: GD3 Ganglioside and NG2 Proteoglycan Expression. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2016; 75:134-47.53047-53063. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.10132Original article: Oncotarget. 2016; 7:"}
{"text": "Genes and Environment. These articles were erroneously published in volume number 39, which is listed with a publication date of 2017. However, these articles were published in final form in the year 2016.An error occurred during the publication of a number of articles in Provided below are the actual publication dates and the correct citation for each affected article. Please note that the citation refers to volume number 39 with the year as 2017.Article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41021-016-0048-6Publication date: 22 June 2016Correct citation: Yagi, T. Genes and Environ (2017) 39: 1. doi:10.1186/s41021-016-0048-6Article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41021-016-0051-yPublication date: 1 December 2016Correct citation: Suzuki, T. & Kamiya, H. Genes and Environ (2017) 39: 2. doi:10.1186/s41021-016-0051-ySince this error was detected the journal resumed publication in the 2016 volume, volume number 38, for the remainder of that year. In 2017, the journal resumed publication in volume number 39. The publisher apologizes for any confusion caused by this error."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Samarasekera N, Rodrigues MA, Toh PS, Al-Shahi Salman R (2017) Imaging features of intracerebral hemorrhage with cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE12(7): e0180923."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Raisa I. Krutilina. The correct citation is: Fatima I, El-Ayachi I, Taotao L, Lillo MA, Krutilina RI, Seagroves TN, et al. (2017) The natural compound Jatrophone interferes with Wnt/\u03b2-catenin signaling and inhibits proliferation and EMT in human triple-negative breast cancer. PLoS ONE 12(12): e0189864."}
{"text": "The correct name is: M. Nicholas Musselwhite. The correct citation is: Pitts T, Gayagoy AG, Rose MJ, Poliacek I, Condrey JA, Musselwhite MN, et al. (2015) Suppression of Abdominal Motor Activity during Swallowing in Cats and Humans. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0128245."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Theresa S. Betancourt. The correct citation is: Betancourt TS, Smith Fawzi MC, Stevenson A, Kanyanganzi F, Kirk C, Ng L, et al. (2016) Ethics in Community-Based Research with Vulnerable Children: Perspectives from Rwanda. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0157042. doi:"}
{"text": "Correction to: npj Breast Cancer (2017); doi:10.1038/s41523-017-0024-8; Published 9 June 2017Jeffrey N. Weitzel was mistakenly omitted from the statement of co-senior authors, which should have read: \u201cKenneth Offit, Katherine L. Nathanson, Fergus J. Couch and Jeffrey N. Weitzel jointly supervised this work.\u201d"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Chambal LM, Gudo ES, Carimo A, Corte Real R, Mabunda N, Maueia C, et al. (2017) HBV infection in untreated HIV-infected adults in Maputo, Mozambique. PLoS ONE 12(7): e0181836."}
{"text": "Rufus\u201d is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Molecular characterization and multi-locus genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from captive red kangaroos (Macropus Rufus) in Jiangsu province, China. The correct citation is: Zhong Z, Tian Y, Song Y, Deng L, Li J, Ren Z, et al. (2017) Molecular characterization and multi-locus genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from captive red kangaroos (Macropus Rufus) in Jiangsu province, China. PLoS ONE 12(8): e0183249. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183249The word \u201c"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Hugh J. Freeman. The correct citation is: Fisher A, Bassett K, Goel G, Stanely D, Brookhart MA, Freeman HJ, et al. (2016) Heterogeneity in Comparisons of Discontinuation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Rheumatoid Arthritis\u2014A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0168005. doi:"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4465610.1038/srep44656; published online: 03172017; updated: 05032017. Opt. Express19, 9147\u20139156 (2011). This has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in Reference 6, which was incorrectly given as: Yaracs, F., Kang, H. & Onural, L. Circular holographic video display system"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Yamada M, Hashimoto Y, Kumano T, Tsujimura S, Kobayashi M (2017) New function of aldoxime dehydratase: Redox catalysis and the formation of an unexpected product. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0175846."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3812310.1038/srep38123; published online: 12012016; updated: 03232017In this Article, an additional affiliation for Dmitri Mogilevtsev has been omitted. The correct affiliations for this author are listed below:Institute of Physics, Belarus National Academy of Sciences, F. Skarina Ave. 68, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.Centro de Ci\u00eancias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9, SP, 09210-170 Brazil."}
{"text": "AbstractCulicoides (Avaritia Fox) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) in China, currently including 57 species, is provided. Their full citations, more detailed locations of the type locality, and distribution of each species by province, and/or state of each species are also provided. Culicoides (Avaritia) fenggangensis Liu & Hou, sp. n. is described and illustrated, based on both male and female specimens from China. The new species is compared with its similar congeners, C. (A.) comparis Liu & Yu, 2005 and C. (A.) dentiformis McDonald & Lu, 1972.A checklist of the subgenus  Culicoides Latreille  are found everywhere in the world and females are the smallest of insect vectors , Schmallenberg virus (SBV), and others (Borkent PageBreak2005), which leads to direct economic costs for agriculture , has 348 species in China. Many of the important vectors are in the subgenus Culicoides (Avaritia Fox). The purpose of this paper is to provide a checklist of this subgenus in China, and describe and illustrate Culicoides (A.) fenggangensis sp. n.Biting midges of the genus  vectors . Some spiculture . In Chiniculture , and thetude 40\u00b0 . TherefoCeratopogonidae by Culicoides follow those described by The specimens were collected with light traps near households in the mountains of Fenggang County of Guizhou Province. For microscopic observation, specimens were preserved in 100% ethanol and then slide-mounted in Canada balsam following the technique described by Avaritia Fox, 1955Subgenus Avaritia Fox, 1955: 218.Type species. Ceratopogonobsoletus Meigen, 1818.Culicoides (Avaritia) abchazicus Dzhafarov, 1964Culicoidesabchazicus Dzhafarov, 1964: 263; Distribution. China (Liaoning); Georgia.PageBreakCulicoides (Avaritia) actoni Smith, 1929Culicoidesactoni Smith, 1929: 255; Culicoidesokumensis Arnaud, 1956: 119. Type locality: Japan.Culicoidesimperceptus Das Gupta, 1962a: 538. Type locality: India.Distribution. China ; India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Japan, Thailand.Culicoides (Avaritia) albifascia Tokunaga, 1937Culicoidesalbifascia Tokunaga, 1937: 319; Distribution. China .Culicoides (Avaritia) bawanglingensis Yu, Wang & Chen, 2012Culicoidesbawanglingensis Yu, Wang & Chen, in Distribution. China (Hainan).Culicoides (Avaritia) brevipalpis Delfinado, 1961Culicoidesbrevipalpis Delfinado, 1961: 654; Distribution. China ; Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Philippines.Culicoides (Avaritia) brevitarsis Kieffer, 1917Culicoidesbrevitarsis Kieffer, 1917: 187; Culicoidesrobertsi Lee & Reye, 1953: 386. Type locality: Australia.Culicoidesradicitus Delfinado, 1961: 657. Type locality: Philippines.Culicoidessuperfulvus Das Gupta, 1962b: 253. Type locality: India.Distribution. China ; Australia, Philippines, India, Laos, Malaysia.Culicoides (Avaritia) bubalus Delfinado, 1961Culicoidesbubalus Delfinado, 1961: 658; Distribution. China (Taiwan), Philippines.PageBreakCulicoides (Avaritia) chiopterus (Meigen), 1830Ceratopogonchiopterus Meigen, 1830: 263. Type locality: Europe.Ceratopogonamoenus Winnertz, 1852: 35. Type locality: Germany.Monoheleasimilis Goetghebuer, 1927: 203. Type locality: Belgium.Culicoidesdobyi Callot & Kremer, 1969: 610. Type locality: France.Distribution. China ; Germany, France, Belgium, Britain, Russia.Culicoides (Avaritia) clavipalpis Mukerji, 1931Culicoidesclavipalpis Mukerji, 1931: 1052; Culicoidescandidus Sen & Das Gupta, 1959: 620. Type locality: India.Distribution. China ; India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand.Culicoides (Avaritia) comparis Liu & Yu, 2005Culicoidescomparis Liu & Yu, in Distribution. China (Tibet).Culicoides (Avaritia) conaensis Liu & Yu, 1990Culicoidesconaensis Liu & Yu, 1990: 19; Distribution. China (Tibet).Culicoides (Avaritia) dentiformis McDonald & Lu, 1972Culicoidesdentiformis McDonald & Lu, 1972: 403; Distribution. China (Taiwan).Culicoides (Avaritia) elongatus Chu & Liu, 1978Culicoideselongatus Chu & Liu, 1978: 83; Distribution. China .PageBreakCulicoides (Avaritia) fenggangensis Liu & Hou, sp. n.Culicoidesfenggangensis Liu & Hou, sp. n., this paper. Type locality: China: Guizhou, Fenggang.Distribution. China (Guizhou).Culicoides (Avaritia) filicinus Gornostaeva & Gachegova, 1972Culicoidesfilicinus Gornostaeva & Gachegova, 1972: 522; Distribution. China ; Russia.Culicoides (Avaritia) gaponus Yu, 1982Culicoidesgaponus Yu, 1982: 202; Distribution. China (Hainan).Culicoides (Avaritia) holcus Lee, 1980Culicoidesholcus Lee, 1980: 85; Distribution. China (Yunnan).Culicoides (Avaritia) hui Wirth & Hubert, 1961Culicoideshui Wirth & Hubert, 1961: 16; Distribution. China ; Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia.Culicoides (Avaritia) imicola Kieffer, 1913Culicoidesimicola Kieffer, 1913: 11; Culicoidespallidipennis Carter, Ingram & Macfie, 1920: 265. Type locality: Ghana.Culicoidesiraqensis Khalaf, 1957: 343. Type locality: Iraq.Culicoidesminutus Sen & Das Gupta, 1959: 622. Type locality: India.Culicoidespseudoturgidus Das Gupta, 1962a: 537. Type locality: India.Distribution. China (Hainan); Wide spread in Africa, the Middle and Far East, India, Laos, Sri Lanka, Vietnam.Culicoides (Avaritia) incertus Yu & Zhang, 1988Culicoidesincertus Yu & Zhang, in Yu, 1988: 136; Distribution. China (Tibet).PageBreakCulicoides (Avaritia) innoxius Sen & Das Gupta, 1959Culicoidesinnoxius Sen & Das Gupta, 1959: 626; Distribution. China (Hainan); India, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand.Culicoides (Avaritia) insignipennis Macfie, 1937Culicoidesinsignipennis Macfie, 1937b: 469; Distribution. China ; Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand.Culicoides (Avaritia) iphthimus Zhou & Lee, 1984Culicoidesiphthimus Zhou & Lee, 1984: 295; Distribution. China (Chongqing).Culicoides (Avaritia) jacobsoni Macfie, 1934Culicoidesjacobsoni Macfie, 1934: 215; Culicoidesbuckleyi Macfie, 1937a: 117. Type locality: Malaysia.Culicoideskitaokai Tokunaga, 1955: 6. Type locality: Japan.Culicoidesunisetiferus Tokunaga, 1959: 236. Type locality: Papua New Guinea.Distribution. China ; Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand.Culicoides (Avaritia) kepongensis Lee, 1988Culicoideskepongensis Lee, 1988: 69; Distribution. China ; Malaysia, Laos, Thailand.Culicoides (Avaritia) kinabaluensis Wirth & Hubert, 1989Culicoideskinabaluensis Wirth & Hubert, 1989: 211; Distribution. China (Hainan).PageBreakCulicoides (Avaritia) lansangensis Howarth, 1985Culicoideslansangensis Howarth, 1985: 58; Liu et al. 1996: 38; Distribution. China .Culicoides (Avaritia) lengi Yu & Liu, 1990Culicoideslengi Yu & Liu, 1990: 10; Distribution. China (Guangdong).Culicoides (Avaritia) liui Wirth & Hubert, 1961Culicoidesliui Wirth & Hubert, 1961: 20; Distribution. China ; Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand.Culicoides (Avaritia) longirostris Qu & Wang, 1994Culicoideslongirostris Qu & Wang, 1994: 486; Distribution. China (Tibet).Culicoides (Avaritia) malayae Macfie, 1937Culicoidesmalayae Macfie, 1937b: 471; Distribution. China ; Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand.Culicoides (Avaritia) mamaensis Lee, 1979Culicoidesmamaensis Lee, 1979: 101; Distribution. China .Culicoides (Avaritia) motoensis Lee, 1978Culicoidesmotoensis Lee, 1978: 75; Distribution. China (Tibet).PageBreakCulicoides (Avaritia) nielamensis Liu & Deng, 2000Culicoidesnielamensis Liu & Deng, 2000: 246; Distribution. China (Tibet).Culicoides (Avaritia) nigritus Fei & Lee, 1984Culicoidesnigritus Fei & Lee, 1984: 345; Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia).Culicoides (Avaritia) nujiangensis Liu, 1990Culicoidesnujiangensis Liu, 1990: 59; Distribution. China (Yunnan).Culicoides (Avaritia) obsoletus (Meigen), 1818Ceratopogonobsoletus Meigen, 1818: 76. Type locality: Europe.Ceratopogonvarius Winnertz, 1852: 35. Type locality: Germany.Ceratopogonyezoensis Matsumura, 1911: 60. Type locality: Russia.Culicoidesobscuripes Santos Abreu, 1918: 297. Type locality: Spain.Culicoideslacteinervis Kieffer, 1919a: 47. Type locality: Slovak Republic, Ukraine.Culicoidesrivicola Kieffer, 1921: 56. Type locality: Germany.Culicoidesclavatus Kieffer, 1921: 56. Type locality: Germany.Culicoidesheterocerus Kieffer, 1921: 57. Type locality: Germany.Culicoidespegobius Kieffer, 1922: 235. Type locality: Germany.Culicoideskabyliensis Kieffer, 1922: 505. Type locality: Algeria.Culicoidesconcitus Kieffer, 1922: 71. Type locality: Germany.Culicoidesintermedius Okada, 1941: 22. Type locality: Japan.Culicoidessintrensis Cambournac, 1956: 591. Type locality: Portugal.Culicoidesseimi Shevchenko, 1967: 173. Type locality: Ukraine.Distribution. China ; wide distribution in Palaearctic Region, Britain, Germany, Russia, Canary Islands, Algeria, Japan, Portugal, Slovakia, Ukraine.Culicoides (Avaritia) orestes Wirth & Hubert, 1989Culicoidesorestes Wirth & Hubert, 1989: 222; Distribution. China (Hainan); Malaysia.PageBreakCulicoides (Avaritia) orientalis Macfie, 1932Culicoidesorientalis Macfie, 1932: 490; Culicoidesnayabazari Das Gupta, 1963: 35. Type locality: India.Distribution. China ; Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, the Solomon Islands.Culicoides (Avaritia) palauensis Tokunaga, 1959Culicoidespalauensis Tokunaga, in Tokunaga & Murachi, 1959: 348; Distribution. China ; Oceania.Culicoides (Avaritia) pastus Kitaoka, 1980Culicoidespastus Kitaoka, 1980: 11; Distribution. China ; Japan.Culicoides (Avaritia) pelius Liu & Yu, 1990Culicoidespelius Liu & Yu, 1990: 23; Distribution. China (Tibet).Culicoides (Avaritia) peregrinus Kieffer, 1910Culicoidesperegrinus Kieffer, 1910: 191; Culicoidesjudicandus Bezzi, 1916: 8. Type locality: Philippines.Culicoidesesmoneti Salm, 1917b: 136. Type locality: Indonesia.Culicoidesphilippinensis Kieffer, 1921: 564. Type locality: Philippines.Culicoidesassamensis Smith & Swaminath, 1932: 183. Type locality: India.Culicoidesquadratus Tokunaga, 1951: 108. Type locality: Indonesia.Distribution. China ; India, Philippines, Indonesia.Culicoides (Avaritia) qionghaiensis Yu & Liu, 1990Culicoidesqionghaiensis Yu & Liu, 1990: 4; Distribution. China (Sichuan).PageBreakCulicoides (Avaritia) ruiliensis Lee, 1980Culicoidesruiliensis Lee, 1980: 86; Distribution. China (Yunnan).Culicoides (Avaritia) scoticus Downes & Kettle, 1952Culicoidesscoticus Downes & Kettle, 1952: 65; Distribution. China (Tibet); Great Britain, France.Culicoides (Avaritia) sinanoensis Tokunaga, 1937Culicoidessinanoensis Tokunaga, 1937: 331; Culicoidesobsoletiformis Amosova, 1957: 233. Type locality: Russia.Distribution. China ; Japan, Russia.Culicoides (Avaritia) suiyangensis Hou, Han, Lv & Jiang, 2014Culicoidessuiyangensis Hou, Han, Lv & Jiang, 2014: 98. Type Locality: China: Guizhou, Suiyang.Distribution. China (Guizhou).Culicoides (Avaritia) sumatrae Macfie, 1934Culicoidessumatrae Macfie, 1934: 190; Culicoidesamamiensis Tokunaga, 1937: 325. Type locality: Japan.Culicoideskagiensis Tokunaga, 1937: 327. Type locality: Taiwan.Culicoidesohmorii Takahashi, 1958: 113. Type locality: Japan.Culicoidesassimilis Delfinado, 1961: 660. Type locality: Philippines.Distribution. China ; Malaysia, Japan, Philippines.Culicoides (Avaritia) suzukii Kitaoka, 1973Culicoidessuzukii Kitaoka, 1973: 212; Distribution. China ; Japan.Culicoides (Avaritia) tainanus Kieffer, 1916Culicoidestainanus Kieffer, 1916: 114; PageBreakCeratopogonmaculatus Shiraki, 1913: 294. Type locality: China: Taiwan.Culicoideskii Tokunaga, 1937: 284. Type locality: Japan.Culicoidessigaensis Tokunaga, 1937: 322. Type locality: Japan.Culicoideskyotoensis Tokunaga, 1937: 329. Type locality: Japan.Culicoidessuborientalis Tokunaga, 1951: 106. Type locality: Indonesia.Distribution. China ; Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.Culicoides (Avaritia) tibetensis Chu, 1977Culicoidestibetensis Chu, 1977: 102; Distribution. China .Culicoides (Avaritia) trimaculatus McDonald & Lu, 1972Culicoidestrimaculatus McDonald & Lu, 1972: 415; Distribution. China (Taiwan).Culicoides (Avaritia) wadai Kitaoka, 1980Culicoideswadai Kitaoka, 1980: 14; Distribution. China .Culicoides (Avaritia) wandashanensis Wang & Liu, 1999Culicoideswandashanensis Wang & Liu, 1999: 328; Distribution. China (Heilongjiang).Culicoides (Avaritia) yamii Lien, Lin & Weng, 1998Culicoidesyamii Lien, Lin & Weng, 1998: 57; Distribution. China (Taiwan).Culicoides (Avaritia) yuchihensis Lien, Lin & Weng, 1998Culicoidesyuchihensis Lien, Lin & Weng, 1998: 58; Distribution. China (Taiwan).PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaDipteraCeratopogonidaeLiu & Housp. n.http://zoobank.org/52A53C15-0F18-4040-B83C-B678BD2E9A66Culicoides in China with the following combination of features: the 3rd segment of the palpus is slender, PR 3.11; the apex of 9th tergite has lateral processes; parameres with apical portion elongate, bent abruptly; aedeagus nearly triangular, with a long ovoid process at its apex. Female: only species of Culicoides in China with the following combination of features: cell m2 with four sparsely distributed pale spots; the 3rd segment of the palpus is slender, PR 3.20\u20133.75.Male: only species of Female.Head  mm, width 0.68\u20130.73  mm; CR 0.55\u20130.59 . TR and F-T of legs ; PR 3.11 (n = 1). Wing with pattern of pale spots as in PageBreakFig. TR and F-T of legs are given as Table th tergite squarish, distal portion flat with short, conical processes at apicolateral. Ninth sternite with broad, deep, semicircle caudomedian excavation. Gonocoxite twice as long as broad, sclerotized; gonostylus tapering distally, distal portion curved. Parameres , 12. IV. 2016, alt. 908m, Qiongqiong Chang col. Paratypes: 2 males and 3 females, same data as holotype.China (Guizhou Province).This species is named in tribute to Fenggang county, where the specimens were collected.Culicoides (Avaritia) fenggangensis sp. n. is very similar to C. (A.) comparis Liu & Yu, 2005 and C. (A.) dentiformis McDonald & Lu, 1972 based on the interfacetal hairs PageBreakon the eyes and sensilla coeloconica on the flagellomeres. C.fenggangensis sp. n. can be distinguished from these two congeners by the number and distribution of pale spots on the wing  (C.comparis and C.dentiformis). Females of C.fenggangensis sp. n. have a different wing size (wing length 1.33 mm and width 0.63 mm in C.comparis and wing length 1.78 mm and width 0.76 mm in C.dentiformis), distribution of the heavy macrotrichia on the wing , they have a more slender 3rd palpus segment compared to the most species of subgenus Avaritia (only 12 species PR > 3.2), PR 3.2\u20133.75 (respectively PR 2.27 and 2.5 in C.comparis and C.dentiformis), different size of spermathecae (measuring 45.0 \u00d7 40.0 \u03bcm in C.comparis and 60.0 \u00d7 45.0 \u03bcm in C.dentiformis). Because male of C.comparis is unknown, the new species will only compare with C.dentiformis. Males of C.fenggangensis sp. n. have a different shape and structure of genitalia, with two lateral processes on the distal portion of ninth tergite , parameres apical portion tapered and abruptly bent (linear in C.dentiformis), long ovoid process at apex of aedeagus (diamond-shape process in C.dentiformis). Therefore, the distinctive features to separate C.fenggangensis sp. n. from others are cell m1 and m2 with 2 and 4 pale spots respectively.omparis) , elongatC.fenggangensis keys to C.dentiformis in C.dentiformis. The female of C.fenggangensis keys to the couplet with C.dentiformis and C.comparis in 2 which are absent in C.dentiformis and C.comparis.The male of Culicoides (Avaritia) are distributed in most provinces of China, except Qinghai and Ningxia. There are 15 species distributed in the Palaearctic Region, accounting for 26.3% of the total . There are 49 species present in the Oriental Region, accounting for 86.0% of the total . Finally, there are seven species present in both Regions, accounting for 12.3% of the total. This geographical distribution of biting midges in China is consistent with the distribution of other animals (The biogeographical territory of China spans the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions, which results in a rich diversity of biting midge species. The species of the subgenus  animals .PageBreak"}
{"text": "After publication of this article  we noticTetranychus urticae. J Insect Physiol. 2015; 78:69\u201377 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191015001018Santamar\u00eda S, Gonzalez-Cabrera J, Martinez M, Grbic V, Castanera P, Diaz L, Ortego F. Digestive proteases in bodies and faeces of the two-spotted spider mite,"}
{"text": "In the article entitled \u201cSURVIVAL OF NONAGENARIAN PATIENTS WITH HIP FRACTURES: A COHORT STUDY\u201d authored by Alexa Ovidiu; Gheorghevici Teodor Stefan; Popescu Dragos; Veliceasa Bogdan; Alexa Ioana Dana, published in Revista Acta Ortop\u00e9dica Brasileira (ACTA) vol. 25 n\u00ba 4, 2017, page 132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220172504167561, by request of the authors.The text reading: Citation: Ovidiu A, Stefan GT, Dragos P, Bogdan V, Dana AI. Survival of nonagenarian patients with hip fractures: a cohort study. Acta Ortop Bras. [online]. 2017;25(4):132-6. Available from URL: http://www.scielo.br/aob. Is replaced with: Citation: Alexa O, Gheorghevici TS, Popescu D, Veliceasa B, Alexa ID. Survival of nonagenarian patients with hip fractures: a cohort study. Acta Ortop Bras. [online]. 2017;25(4):132-6. Available from URL: http://www.scielo.br/aob."}
{"text": "Following publication of the original article , the autOriginally, reference 4 was stated as:Willard-Grace RSA, Parker C, Potter MB. Engaging Patients as Partners in Practice Improvement: A Survey of Community Health Centers. J Clin Outcomes Manag. 2016;23(7):311\u20139.The correct reference 4 is:Willard-Grace, R., Sharma, A.E., Parker C, Potter, M.B. Engaging patients as partners in practice improvement: A survey of community health centers. JCOM. 2016;23(7):311\u20139."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 34834; 10.1038/srep34834 published online: 10072016; updated: 01052017.The Competing Financial Interests statement in this Article should read:\u201cD.T.L. is an officer of Aegis CN, LLC, which supplied the CN-105\u201d."}
{"text": "The correct statement is: Data are available from the figshare repository: 26Sortm14(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/J) .The references are:Zhu Y, Romero MI, Ghosh P, Ye Z, Charnay P, Rushing EJ, Marth JD, Parada LF. Ablation of NF1 function in neurons induces abnormal development of cerebral cortex and reactive gliosis in the brain. Genes Dev. 2001;15:859\u201376. doi:10.1101/gad.862101.Madisen L; Zwingman TA; Sunkin SM; Oh SW; Zariwala HA; Gu H; Ng LL; Palmiter RD; Hawrylycz MJ; Jones AR; Lein ES; Zeng H. 2010. A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain. Nat Neurosci 13(1):133\u201340. PubMed: 20023653MGI: J:155793."}
{"text": "Volume 105105(4) October, page 325http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2017.206.Hawkins BW, Morris M, Nguyen T, Siegel J, Vardell E. Advancing the conversation: next steps for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) health sciences librarianship. J Med Libr Assoc. 2017 Oct;105(4):316\u201327. DOI: The first author name in reference #11 is incorrect. The reference should be:https://nnlm.gov/classes/LGBTHealth>.11. Leskovec J, Nguyen T. Improving the health, safety and well-being of LGBT populations [Internet]. Baltimore, MD: National Network of Libraries of Medicine; 2017 [cited 20 Feb 2017]. <"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Jajou R, de Neeling A, van Hunen R, de Vries G, Schimmel H, Mulder A, et al. (2018) Epidemiological links between tuberculosis cases identified twice as efficiently by whole genome sequencing than conventional molecular typing: A population-based study. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0195413."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2692410.1038/srep26924; published online: 05272016; updated: 04052017A review of 12 commonly used medicinal herbs. Arch Fam Med. 7, 523\u2013536 (1998)\u201d. The correct reference 5 appears below.The original version of this Article contained an error in the reference list, where reference 5 was incorrectly listed as \u201cO\u2019Hara, M., Kiefer, D., Farrell, K. & Kemper, K. This has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.Referenceet al. Interaction of Veratrum nigrum with Panax ginseng against obesity: A Sang-ban Relationship. Evid-based Compl Alt. 10, 732126 (2013).Park, J."}
{"text": "AbstractDendrocerusscutellaris Trietsch & Mik\u00f3 (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae), is described here from male and female specimens captured in Costa Rica. This species is the only known ceraphronoid wasp with a straight mandibular surface and raised dorsal projections on the scutellum, called the mesoscutellar comb. It is hypothesised that the function of the mesoscutellar comb is to aid the emergence of the adult from the host, especially since the mandibles lack a pointed surface to tear open the pupal case. The authors also provide phenotypic data in a semantic form to facilitate data integration and accessibility across taxa and provide an updated phenotype bank of morphological characters for megaspilid taxonomic treatments. In updating this phenotype bank, the authors continue to make taxonomic data accessible to future systematic efforts focusing on Ceraphronoidea.A new species, Dendrocerusscutellaris (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae) Trietsch & Mik\u00f3, is described from both male and female specimens captured in Costa Rica.A new species,  Ceraphronoidea is a relatively small superfamily of parasitoid wasps with a worldwide distribution , which is used as a model organism to study parasitoid behaviour and ecology  and several species of Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) and observed the spine in use by an emerging Actiasluna . Abdominal spines and frontal protuberances serving as \u201ccocoon-cutters\u201d have also been reported on male Psychidae (Lepidoptera); these structures are absent from females, which do not extricate themselves from the pupal case Eclosion is the adult emergence from the pupal case in holometabolous insects. In most holometabolous insects, the tearing of the pupal case is achieved by the movement of the insect and the increased hemolymph pressure caused by muscle contractions . InsectsHymenoptera, wood-boring families have been observed to have specialised structures for extricating themselves from the pupal chambers inside wood where they develop . Specimens are deposited at the Natural History Museum in London, United Kingdom (NHMUK) and at the Frost Entomological Museum, University Park, PA, USA (PSUC).Point-mounted specimens were borrowed from the Natural History Museum (NHMUK) in London, United Kingdom. Specimen data is provided in Suppl. material Point-mounted and glycerine-dissected specimens were examined using an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope with an Olympus SDF PLAPO 1XF objective (115\u00d7) and an Olympus SDF PLAPO 2XPFC objective (230\u00d7 magnification). Blue-Tac  and molding clay  was used to stabilise specimens during imaging and observation. Stacks of bright field images were taken manually on an Olympus CX41 microscope with a Canon EOS 70D camera attached. Images were subsequently aligned and stacked using Zerene Stacker Version 1.04 Build T201706041920. Figures were created in Adobe Photoshop elements Version 3.1.2O2 (Alfa Aesar) for 24 hours, then moved to 5% acetic acid  for 24 hours and subsequently moved to glycerol for dissection and short-term storage. Dissections were performed with #5 forceps  and #2 insect pins (BioQuip). Male genitalia were then mounted between 1.5 mm thick, 24\u00d750 mm cover glasses and imaged using an Olympus FV10i confocal laser scanning microscope. Following the methods of To prepare specimens for male genitalia dissection, metasomata were removed from point-mounted specimens and cleared with 35% Hhttp://purl.oclc.org/NET/mx-database) which was used to render the Diagnosis, Description, Material Examined and Etymology sections. Anatomical terms follow the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology , Phenotypic Quality Ontology (PATO), Biospatial Ontology (BSPO), OBO Relation Ontology (RO), Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) and Information Artifact Ontology (IAO); these ontologies are available at http://www.ontobee.org  2008-87; Record Level: language: en; institutionID: http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665; institutionCode: NHMUK; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: NHMUK010812044; recordedBy: D Janzen & I. Gauld; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: http://grbio.org/institution/frost-entomological-museum-penn-state-university/19410856-81ec-4ea2-b003-861d28be9fab; Taxon: scientificName: Dendrocerusscutellaris; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hymenoptera; family: Megaspilidae; genus: Dendrocerus; specificEpithet: scutellaris; taxonRank: species; Location: country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste Pr.: Santa Rosa N. P.: 300m Bosque San Emilio; verbatimElevation: 300m; Identification: identifiedBy: Carolyn Trietsch; dateIdentified: 2017; Event: eventDate: 1985-10-5/26; verbatimEventDate: 5-26.x.1985; eventRemarks: sample SE.6.C. BMNH(E) 2008-87; Record Level: language: en; institutionID: http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665; institutionCode: NHMUK; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: NHMUK010812045; recordedBy: D Janzen & I. Gauld; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: http://grbio.org/institution/frost-entomological-museum-penn-state-university/60cf3fa8-009b-4b7e-a529-fc933f737604; Taxon: scientificName: Dendrocerusscutellaris; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hymenoptera; family: Megaspilidae; genus: Dendrocerus; specificEpithet: scutellaris; taxonRank: species; Location: country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste Pr.: Santa Rosa N. P.: 300m Bosque San Emilio; verbatimElevation: 300m; Identification: identifiedBy: Carolyn Trietsch; dateIdentified: 2017; Event: eventDate: 1985-07-5/8-3; verbatimEventDate: 13.vii-3.viii.1985; eventRemarks: sample SE.6.C. BMNH(E) 2008-87; Record Level: language: en; institutionID: http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs; institutionCode: PSUC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: NHMUK010812030; recordedBy: D Janzen & I. Gauld; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: http://grbio.org/institution/frost-entomological-museum-penn-state-university/50d80e83-a282-43c7-9514-eb821ee2b64f; Taxon: scientificName: Dendrocerusscutellaris; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hymenoptera; family: Megaspilidae; genus: Dendrocerus; specificEpithet: scutellaris; taxonRank: species; Location: country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste Pr.: Santa Rosa N. P.: 300m Bosque San Emilio; verbatimElevation: 300m; Identification: identifiedBy: Carolyn Trietsch; dateIdentified: 2017; Event: eventDate: 1985-07-5/8-3; verbatimEventDate: 13.vii-3.viii.1985; eventRemarks: sample SE.6.C. BMNH(E) 2008-87; Record Level: language: en; institutionID: http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665; institutionCode: NHMUK; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenBody length universal: 2.6-2.7 mm.Colouration: Colour hue pattern: head and mesosoma black; metasoma, mouthparts, legs and scape except for the basal part dark brown; base of scape light brown. Colour intensity pattern: proximal part of scape lighter than the rest of the scape.Head: Cephalic size (csb): mean: 750-1100 \u03bcm. Head height  vs. eye height (anterior view): HH:EHf=1.25-1.75. Head height vs. head length: HH:HL=1.2-1.5. Head width vs. interorbital space: HW:IOS=1.6-1.9. Head width vs. head height: HW:HH=1.5-2.0. Male ocular ocellar line vs. lateral ocellar line: OOL:LOL=2.1-2.6. Male ocular ocellar line vs. posterior ocellar line: OOL:POL=0.95-1.0. Female ocular ocellar line vs. lateral ocellar line: OOL 1.6\u20132.5 x as long as LOL. Anterior ocellar fovea shape: fovea not extended ventrally into facial sulcus. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina count: present. Preoccipital lunula count: present. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: preoccipital furrow ends inside ocellar triangle. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is ventral to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Transverse scutes on upper face count: absent. Rugose region on upper face count: present. Rugose sculpturing on head and mesosoma count: present. Facial pit count: facial pit present. Intertorular carina count: present. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Median region of intertorular area shape: concave. Subtorular carina count: present. Torulo-clypeal carina count: present. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Supraclypeal depression structure: absent medially, represented by two grooves laterally of facial pit. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 1. Mandibular lancea count: absent. Distal edge of mandible: flat.Antennae: Male flagellomeres shape: branched. Male scape length vs combined length of F1+F2: longer or equal. 6th male flagellomere length vs. width, \u201csensillar\u201d view: elongate, more than 2x as long as wide. Male flagellomere branches count: 7 branches ; 8 branches . Branch of male flagellomere 5 length compared to flagellomere 6: longer than length of flagellomere 6. Branch of male F5 length vs. length of male F5: longer than length of flagellomere 5. Male F6 length vs. combined length of F7+F8: shorter than length of flagellomere 7+8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F7-F9. Basal resilin-rich area of male antennal branches count: absent. Female F1 length vs. pedicel length: 1.0-1.2. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7+F8.Mesosoma and Metasoma: Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesoscutellar comb count: present. Mesoscutal length vs. anterior mesoscutal width: MscL/AscW=1.2\u20132.0. Anterior mesoscutal width vs. posterior mesoscutal width: AscW/PscW=0.7-0.9. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Axillular carina count: absent. Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: present. Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex shape: Bifurcated.Male Genitalia: Distal margin of male S9 shape: convex. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: blunt. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: absent. Gonostyle/volsella complex proximodorsal margin shape: with deep concavity medially. Submedian conjunctiva on distoventral margin of gonostyle/volsella complex: length (range of fusion of parossiculus/parossiculus complex from gonostipes): more than 4/5. Apical parossiculal seta number: one. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Sensillar plate of the aedeagus shape: distinctly less than half as wide as the male genitalia. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: present. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: absent. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): present (not fused with the gonostipes). Distoventral submedian corner of the cupula count: absent. Harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view.Dendrocerusscutellaris (Figs Dendrocerushalidayi species group (Ceraphronoidea in that the distal edge of mandible is flat and not pointed.ris Figs , 4, 5, 6es group , based oThis species is named for the presence of the mesoscutellar comb, which is unique to this species and is not found in any other known ceraphronoid species.This species is only known from Costa Rica.Dendrocerusscutellaris belongs to the halidayi species-group, which is characterised by the presences of flabellate antennae in males (Dendrocerus species that also possesses a bifurcated anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex (Fig. D.africanus and D.australicus Dodd 1914, both members of the halidayi species-group Dendrocerusscutellaris.in males . This nelex Fig. . This chD.scutellaris is unique amongst members of the halidayi species-group in that, while other species have up to six fully formed branches on the flagellomeres (Dendrocerusscutellaris has 7 fully formed branches with a variable eighth branch that is more developed in the holotype male specimen than in the paratype male (Fig. Dendrocerus in the past (Dendrocerusscutellaris clearly exhibits intraspecific variation in the number and length of the flagellar branches between both male type specimens. Thus, branch length and presence of apical branches should not be used exclusively to describe Dendrocerus species.llomeres , Dendrocale Fig. . The lenthe past , DendrocDendrocerusscutellaris is distinguished from all other ceraphronoid species by the presence of a straight mandibular surface (Fig. Dendroceruscarpenteri Curtis 1829 are known to parasitise braconid parasitoids inside of aphid mummies (Ceraphronoidea possess a pointed mandibular edge and lack the mesoscutellar comb; the presence of a straight mandibular edge in the only ceraphronoid with a mesoscutellar comb is not likely to be a coincidence.ace Fig.  and the ace Fig. , a ridge mummies . It is hSupplementary material 1Specimen Locality InformationData type: occurencesBrief description: A table listing all of the specimens used in this study and their associated locality and repository information.File: oo_170898.xlsxCarolyn Trietsch, Istv\u00e1n Mik\u00f3, David G. Notton, Andrew R. DeansSupplementary material 2MX Taxonomic Treatment FileData type: n3 FileBrief description: The taxonomic treatment file generated from MX used to write semantic statements.File: oo_170907.n3Carolyn Trietsch, Istv\u00e1n Mik\u00f3, David G. Notton, Andrew R. DeansSupplementary material 3Semantic Statement Phenotype AnnotationsData type: OWL fileBrief description: The file containing all of the semantic statement phenotype annotations.File: oo_170908.owlCarolyn Trietsch, Istv\u00e1n Mik\u00f3, David G. Notton, Andrew R. Deans"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Borsatto T, Sperb-Ludwig F, Lima SE, Carvalho MRS, Fonseca PAS, Camelo Jr JS, et al. (2017) Biotinidase deficiency: Genotype-biochemical phenotype association in Brazilian patients. PLoS ONE 12(5): e0177503."}
{"text": "The correct reference is: Zhao T, Shu S, Guo Q, Zhu Y. Effects of design parameters and puff topography on heating coil temperature and mainstream aerosols in electronic cigarettes. Atmospheric Environment. 2016; 134: 61\u201369. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is Mireya B. Salinas. The correct citation is: Vaccaro L, Izquierdo F, Magnet A, Hurtado C, Salinas MB, Gomes TS, et al. (2016) First Case of Legionnaire's Disease Caused by Legionella anisa in Spain and the Limitations on the Diagnosis of Legionella non-pneumophila Infections. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0159726. doi:"}
{"text": "PMID: 26436540.There is an error in reference 35. The correct reference is: Niknafs N, Beleva-Guthrie V, Naiman DQ, Karchin R. SubClonal Hierarchy Inference from Somatic Mutations: Automatic Reconstruction of Cancer Evolutionary Trees from Multi-region Next Generation Sequencing. PLoS Comput Biol. 2015;11(10): e1004416. doi:"}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct 4th affiliation is given below:4 Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwanhttps://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20723Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:80900-80908."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3185010.1038/srep31850; published online: 08222016; updated: 09212016This Article contains errors in Reference 19.submitted (2016)\u201d.\u201cKwak, R., Pham, V. S., Kim, B., Chen, L. & Han, J. Enhanced current utilization by unipolar ion conduction in ion concentration polarization desalination. should read:et al. Enhanced salt removal by unipolar ion conduction in ion concentration polarization desalination. Sci. Rep.6, 25349; doi: 10.1038/srep25349 (2016)\u201d.\u201cKwak, R."}
{"text": "The second and seventh authors\u2019 names are spelled incorrectly. The correct names are: Jonas Doerner and Julian Luetkens.10.1371/journal.pone.0168852The correct citation is: Ghanem A, Doerner J, Schulze-Hagen L, M\u00fcller A, Wilsing M, Sinning J-M, et al. (2017) Subacute Subclinical Brain Infarctions after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Negatively Impact Cognitive Function in Long-Term Follow-Up. PLoS ONE 12(1): e0168852. doi:The publisher apologizes for these errors."}
{"text": "The correct reference is: Ross RM, McKay R, Coltheart M, Langdon R (2015) Jumping to conclusions about the beads task? A meta-analysis of delusional ideation and data-gathering. Schizophr Bull 41: 1183\u20131191. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Jagadesh C. Reddy. The correct citation is: Senthil S, Choudhari NS, Vaddavalli PK, Murthy S, Reddy JC, Garudadri CS (2016) Etiology and Management of Raised Intraocular Pressure following Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation in Myopic Eyes. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0165469. doi:"}
{"text": "There is an error in the article title. The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct title is: Temperature Stability of a Dengue Rapid Diagnostic Test under Tropical Climatic Conditions: A Follow Up Study.10.1371/journal.pone.0170359The correct citation is: Sengvilaipaseuth O, Phommasone K, de Lamballerie X, Vongsouvath M, Phonemixay O, Blacksell SD, et al. (2017) Temperature Stability of a Dengue Rapid Diagnostic Test under Tropical Climatic Conditions: A Follow Up Study. PLoS ONE 12(1): e0170359. doi:"}
{"text": "Nature Communications7: Article number: 12889; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12889 (2016); Published: 09192016; Updated: 06132017In this Article, the MRE11 exonuclease mutant H63D is consistently referred to incorrectly as H63N. These errors appear in the Results, Methods, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Supplementary Fig. 3, Supplementary Table 2 and Supplementary Methods. The authors sincerely apologize for this mistake."}
{"text": "The correct name is: S. V. Subramanian. The correct citation is: Lu C, Chu A, Li Z, Shen J, Subramanian SV, Hill K (2017) Assessing development assistance for child survival between 2000 and 2014: A multi-sectoral perspective. PLoS ONE 12(7): e0178887."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Leonie R. Grenfell. The correct citation is: Hoile SP, Grenfell LR, Hanson MA, Lillycrop KA, Burdge GC (2015) Fat and Carbohydrate Intake over Three Generations Modify Growth, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Phenotype in Female Mice in an Age-Related Manner. PLoS ONE10(8): e0134664."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct 2nd affiliation and author name is given below:Haobin Cai2,12 Department of Neurology & Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Chinahttps://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21515Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:92621-92634."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct author affiliation is given below:1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou, Henan, China13030-13038. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14712Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-017-04745-y, published online 06 July 2017Correction to: This Article contains errors in Reference 36 which was incorrectly given as:Ocean Sci. Discuss12, 3043\u20133097 (2015).Sch\u00fctte, F., Brandt, P. & Karstensen, J. Occurrence and characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the tropical northeast Atlantic Ocean. The correct reference is listed below as ref."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Jesper Dammeyer. The correct citation is: K\u00f8rvel-Hanquist A, Koch A, Niclasen J, Dammeyer J, Lous J, Olsen SF, et al. (2016) Risk Factors of Early Otitis Media in the Danish National Birth Cohort. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0166465. doi:"}
{"text": "EditorsA H SparkesInternational Society of Feline Medicine, Veterinary Division of International Cat Care, High Street, Tisbury, Wiltshire SP3 6LD, UKandy@icatcare.orgEmail: M ScherkcatsINK, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5N 4Z4hypurr@sagepub.co.ukhypurr@aol.comEmail: Editorial TeamC Bessant (Executive Editor)M Melling (Managing Editor)A Tansley (Assistant Editor)International Society of Feline Medicine, Veterinary Division of International Cat Care, High Street, Tisbury, Wiltshire SP3 6LD, UKjfms@icatcare.org; jfmsclinicalpractice@icatcare.orgEmail:"}
{"text": "The correct name is Martin P. Barr. The correct citation is: Circu M, Cardelli J, Barr MP, O\u2019Byrne K, Mills G, El-Osta H (2017) Modulating lysosomal function through lysosome membrane permeabilization or autophagy suppression restores sensitivity to cisplatin in refractory non-small-cell lung cancer cells. PLoS ONE 12(9): e0184922."}
{"text": "AbstractDiptera, Sarcophagidae) recorded to date from Turkey is presented. Updating the list was necessary due to the numerous recent records. Records are listed according to provinces.A checklist of 153 flesh fly species ( Sarcophagidae were compiled by The first reviews of Turkish PageBreakSubfamilies, genera, and species are arranged in the order of the catalogue of PageBreak; Distributional data of sarcophagids in Turkey were compiled analysing all the available publications (see references below). General species distribution was derived mostly from AD), Adiyaman (ADI), Afyon (AF), A\u011fr\u0131 (AG), Amasya (AM), Ankara (AN), Antalya (ANT), Artvin (AR), Ayd\u0131n (AY), Batman (BT), Bayburt (BY), Bolu (BO), Burdur (BU), Bursa (BS), Diyabakir (DB), Elaz\u0131\u011f (EL), \u00c7anakkale (CA), Denizli (DE), D\u00fczce (DU), Edirne (ED), Erzincan (ER), Erzurum (ERZ), Eski\u015fehir (ES), Gaziantep (GA), Hakk\u00e2ri (HA), Hatay (HT), I\u011fd\u0131r (IG), Isparta (IP), Istanbul (IS), \u0130zmir (IZ), Karaman (KM), Kars (KAR), Kayseri (KY), K\u0131r\u0131kkale (KI), Konya (KN), Manisa (MN), Mardin (MR), Mersin (ME), Mu\u011fla (MG), Nev\u015fehir (NE), Samsun (SA), \u015eanl\u0131urfa (SN), Tokat (TO), Trabzon (TB), Van (VA).Abbreviations: Provinces are abbreviated as follows: Adana (Macronychia (s. str.) lemariei Jacentkovsk\u00fd, 19411. Distribution in Turkey: , KI  striginervis 2. Distribution in Turkey:  polyodon 3. Distribution in Turkey:  albifrons 4. Distribution in Turkey: ANT  conica 5. Distribution in Turkey:  deserta Rohdendorf, 19356. Distribution in Turkey:  tricuspis 7. Distribution in Turkey: 8. Distribution in Turkey: ANT 9. Distribution in Turkey: 14. Distribution in Turkey: 15. Distribution in Turkey: MG 17. Distribution in Turkey: 18. Distribution in Turkey: MG 19. Distribution in Turkey: 25. Distribution in Turkey: : MG (sea): MG .Distribution: Palaearctic.Phyllotelespictipennis L\u00f6w, 184426. Distribution in Turkey: (MG (L\u00f6w 1844). Turkey: , 2015: MDistribution: Palaearctic-Oriental.Amobiaoculata 27. Distribution in Turkey: 28. Distribution in Turkey: 29. Distribution in Turkey:  kozlovi 31. Distribution in Turkey: IG  tadzhika 32. Distribution in Turkey:  nasuta 33. Distribution in Turkey:  bifasciata 34. Distribution in Turkey:  claripennis 35. Distribution in Turkey:  manni 36. Distribution in Turkey:  steini 37. Distribution in Turkey: 38. Distribution in Turkey: 39. Distribution in Turkey: MG 40. Distribution in Turkey: 41. Distribution in Turkey: 42. Distribution in Turkey: 43. Distribution in Turkey: 44. Distribution in Turkey: 46. Distribution in Turkey: 48. Distribution in Turkey: 50. Distribution in Turkey: 51. Distribution in Turkey: 52. Distribution in Turkey: 53. Distribution in Turkey: SN 54. Distribution in Turkey: SN 55. Distribution in Turkey: 58. Distribution in Turkey: laticornis: Distribution in Turkey: 62. Distribution in Turkey: (B.laticornis & B.plumicornis (as 2 different species), 2012, 2013, 2015 \u2013 as B.gladiatrix), BY 64. Distribution in Turkey: 65. Distribution in Turkey: 66. Distribution in Turkey: 67. Distribution in Turkey: (B.filipjevi): ANT , AR (BY (ER (ERZ (KAR (015), AR , BY Distribution in Turkey: 69. Distribution in Turkey: AR  erythrura 70. Distribution in Turkey:  rossica 71. Distribution in Turkey: ERZ  rybaltschenkoi 72. Blaesoxiphaataturkia Lehrer, 2008a: 25.Distribution in Turkey: 73. Distribution in Turkey: ERZ 74. Distribution in Turkey: 75. Distribution in Turkey:  bellae 76. .Distribution in Turkey:  crassimargo 77. Distribution in Turkey:  novella 78. Distribution in Turkey: MG  noverca 79. Distribution in Turkey: ES  novercoides 80. Distribution in Turkey:  dreyfusi 81. .Distribution in Turkey:  macrura 82. Distribution in Turkey: AY  maculata 83. Distribution in Turkey:  melanura 84. Distribution in Turkey:  pachyura 85. Distribution in Turkey: : BY (ER (ERZ (IG (KAR (014): BY , ER  destructor 86. Distribution in Turkey: 87. Distribution in Turkey: BY 88. Distribution in Turkey:  helenae 89. Distribution in Turkey:  mutila 90. Distribution in Turkey:  setinervis 91. Distribution in Turkey:  minima 92. Distribution in Turkey: . Turkey: , 2012: Aey:  siciliensis 93. Distribution in Turkey:  thirionae 94. Distribution in Turkey:  anatolica 95. Distribution in Turkey:  armeniaca 96. Distribution in Turkey:  benaci 97. Distribution in Turkey: (Sarcophagabezziana): KY , KN .Distribution: West Palaearctic.Heteronychia (s. str.) bulgarica 98. Distribution in Turkey: AR  clarahenae Lehrer, 199999. Distribution in Turkey: BY  consanguinea 100. Distribution in Turkey:  haemorrhoa 101. Distribution in Turkey:  haemorrhoides 102. Heteronychiawahisi Lehrer, 1976b: 264.Distribution in Turkey:  infantilis 103. Distribution in Turkey: .Distribution: West Palaearctic.Heteronychia (s. str.) infixa 104. Distribution in Turkey: SA  kerteszi 105. Distribution in Turkey:  lacrymans 106. Distribution in Turkey: (AF (Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) zhelochovtzevi; Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) zhelochovtzevi, 2013, 2015; AR  pontica 107. Distribution in Turkey: SA (rkey: SA .Distribution: East Mediterranean.Heteronychia (s. str.) porrecta 108. Distribution in Turkey: SA  recta 109. Distribution in Turkey: BY  rondaniana 110. Distribution in Turkey:  schineri 111. Distribution in Turkey:  vagans 112. Distribution in Turkey:  boettcheri 113. Distribution in Turkey: (Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) taurica; Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) taurica, 2012): AM (ANT (AR (AY (BO (Heteronychia (Pandelleola) gaspari), DU (ER (ERZ (IG (ME (MG (SA (TO (012): AM , ANT , DU , ER  filia 114. Distribution in Turkey: (AM (ANT (AR (AY (BY (ER (PageBreak2011), ERZ , ERZ , ES  turana 115. Distribution in Turkey: 116. Distribution in Turkey: SA 117. Distribution in Turkey: SA 118. Distribution in Turkey:  lunigera 119. Distribution in Turkey: SA  nigriventris 120. Distribution in Turkey:  socrus 121. Distribution in Turkey: MG  soror 122. Distribution in Turkey: 123. Distribution in Turkey: 125. Distribution in Turkey: 126. Distribution in Turkey: 127. Distribution in Turkey: 128. Distribution in Turkey: (Sarcophaga (Bercaea) africa and Sarcophaga (Bercaea) cruentata)): BT  africa and Sarcophaga (Bercaea) cruentata)), BY , ED , ERZ (ES (Sarcophaga (Bercaea) africa and Sarcophaga (Bercaea) cruentata), KAR (Sarcophaga (Bercaea) africa and Sarcophaga (Bercaea) cruentata), KI , KN , ME (MG (SN (TO (VA (Sarcophaga (Bercaea) africa and Sarcophaga (Bercaea) cruentata; Sarcophagahaemorrhoidalis).ta)), BY , DB (\u0130pelis), ED , EL (\u015eakis), ERZ , ES (Asllis), ME , MG  surcoufi 129. Distribution in Turkey: SA (rkey: SA .Distribution: Mediterranean.Liopygia (Jantia) crassipalpis 130. Distribution in Turkey:  argyrostoma 131. Distribution in Turkey:  uliginosa 132. Distribution in Turkey: BY  tibialis 133. Distribution in Turkey: AN bartaki Verves, Radchenko & Khrokalo, 2017134. AYDistribution in Turkey:  dux 135. Distribution in Turkey: AN  emdeni 136. Distribution in Turkey:  fedtshenkoi 137. Distribution in Turkey: BY  jacobsoni 138. Distribution in Turkey: ERZ  portschinskyi 139. Distribution in Turkey:  teretirostris 140. Distribution in Turkey: BY  tuberosa 141. Distribution in Turkey: ER  similissimilis 142. Distribution in Turkey:  albiceps 143. Distribution in Turkey:  hirtipes 144. Distribution in Turkey:  caerulescens 145. Distribution in Turkey: ER 146. Distribution in Turkey: 149. Sarcophagaschulzi: Verves 1986: 188.Distribution in Turkey: lasiostyla): AM lasiostyla, 2013, 2015 \u2013 as Sarcophaga(s. str.)lasiostyla; HA (IG (Sarcophaga(s. str.)lasiostyla, 2013, 2015 \u2013 as Sarcophaga(s. str.)lasiostyla; IZ (Sarcophaga(s. str.)lasiostyla, 2013, 2015 \u2013 as Sarcophaga(s. str.)lasiostyla; KAR (Sarcophaga(s. str.)lasiostyla; KY (Sarcophaga(s. str.)lasiostyla, 2013, 2015 \u2013 as Sarcophaga(s. str.)lasiostyla; MLA (MN (Sarcophaga(s. str.)lasiostyla, 2013, 2015 \u2013 as Sarcophaga(s. str.)lasiostyla), MG (SA (yla): AM , AR , MG , SA 153. Distribution in Turkey: : DB (EL (SN (ria): DB , EL . At least several species of this group were artificially disseminated by humans.Altogether 24 species (ca. 16 %) are broadly distributed, known from at least three basic geographic realms. Out of them, three species are virtually cosmopolitan  are widely distributed also in other zoogeographical regions: Oriental (14 species), Afrotropical (4 species), and Nearctic (2 species).The numbers of shared species between Turkey and other zoogeographical regions is depicted in Fig. Most species occur also in the Oriental (38 species), Afrotropical (15 species), Nearctic (13 species), Australian/Oceanian (9 species) and Neotropical (4 species) regions. Not surprisingly, most species known currently from Turkey are Palaearctic in distribution (43 species) or known from at least the western (30 species) or west \u2013 central parts (4 species), representing more than 50% of species. The dominance of Palaearctic elements in the Anatolian fauna has been well established  or only its eastern parts (8 species), while additional species penetrate from teh East Mediterranean to eastern countries of Middle East (4 species) or to the warmest parts of central Europe (2 species classified as submediterranean) or to central Asia (5 species). Altogether these species compose 16.33 % of total.Apodacraradchenkoi, Agriellalindneri, Blaesoxiphacalliste, Heteronychia anatolica, Liosarcophagabartaki, Pandelleanatahtaliana, Sarcophagatrabzonensis - 7 species, 4.58 %).Faunistically significant are species up to now known only from Turkey, classified in the list above as Anatolian ("}
{"text": "The correct name is: Emma Terama. The correct citation is: Terama E, Smallman M, Lock SJ, Johnson C, Austwick MZ (2016) Beyond Academia\u2014Interrogating Research Impact in the Research Excellence Framework. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0168533. doi:"}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the errors. The correct names are: Ji Yun Rho and Hyun Koo Kim. The correct citation is: Choi BH, Young HS, Quan YH, Rho JY, Eo JS, Han KN, et al. (2017) Real-time computed tomography fluoroscopy-guided solitary lung tumor model in a rabbit. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0179220."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Senthil Kandaswamy Vasan. The correct citation is: Fern\u00e1ndez Moro C, Fernandez-Woodbridge A, Alistair D'souza M, Zhang Q, Bozoky B, Vasan SK, et al. (2016) Immunohistochemical Typing of Adenocarcinomas of the Pancreatobiliary System Improves Diagnosis and Prognostic Stratification. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0166067. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is Parastu Kasaie. The correct citation is McKenney J, Chen A, Hoover KW, Kelly J, Dowdy D, Kasaie P, et al. (2017) Optimal costs of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0178170."}
{"text": "The correct name of the first author is Jufen Zheng. The correct name of the fifth author is Leiwen Zhao. The correct citation is: Zheng J, Lu Y, Qu X, Wang P, Zhao L, Gao M, et al. (2016) Decreased Sperm Motility Retarded ICSI Fertilization Rate in Severe Oligozoospermia but Good-Quality Embryo Transfer Had Achieved the Prospective Clinical Outcomes. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0163524. doi:"}
{"text": "Artemisia from Kazakhstan by means of HPLC-UV: Method development and validation. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0173714. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173714. The publisher apologizes for the error.The fourth author\u2019s name appears incorrectly. The correct name is: Aida Sadykova. The correct citation is: Sakipova Z, Wong NSH, Bekezhanova T, Sadykova A, Shukirbekova A, Boylan F (2017) Quantification of santonin in eight species of"}
{"text": "AbstractCeraphron  are informative for species delimitation, but due to their minute size, these characters have not been used extensively. Recent developments in visualisation techniques, e.g. confocal laser scanning microscopy and high resolution bright field imaging, allow for more thorough examination of these minute anatomical structures and the development of a robust, male genitalia-based taxonomic system. We also establish a character set, a template, that will facilitate future revisions of these wasps.Male genitalia phenotypes of Ceraphronkrogmanni sp. nov. is described with outsized male genitalia and multiple diagnostic traits that are unique amongst Ceraphron species. Ceraphronidae holds 302 species, classified in 14 genera. More than 90% of the species belong in two genera, Ceraphron (n=185) and Aphanogmus (n=94) (Aphanogmus and wider than high in Ceraphron) is dubious . On the other hand, male Ceraphron specimens are easy to distinguish from Aphanogmus by the morphology of the antenna; the flagellomeres in Ceraphron are cylindrical and covered with sensillum trichodeum curvatum (sickle-shaped sensilla), while, in Aphanogmus, they are trapezoidal in lateral view and equipped with erect and elongate setae The family s (n=94) . Genus-lCeraphronoidea is monotonous relative to other microhymenoptera  are often affected by allometry  and an SDF PL APO 2\u00d7 PFC Objective (230\u00d7). Dissections were performed using #2 insect pins and Rubis 5A-SA forceps. Genitalia were removed and placed on to a separate concave slide in glycerol. Diagnostic measurements were performed on the specimens and genitalia using a KR 851 stage micrometer attached to the examination stereomicroscope.Bright field images were taken with an Olympus ZX41 compound microscope and attached Olympus DP71 digital camera. Genitalia were imaged in glycerol and specimens, including dissected segments, were imaged on Bostik Blu-Tack Reusable Adhesive  to stabilise and position for imaging. Images were aligned using Zerene Stacker Version 1.04 Build T201404082055. Annotation and colour correction was performed in Adobe Photoshop CS4.Genitalia were imaged using an Olympus FV10i Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) following the protocol from http://mx.phenomix.org). The diagnostic characters, description and materials examined were autogenerated by the same content management system. Morphological terms used in the description and diagnosis are derived from phenotype class based ontologies.Specimen data, including figures and character states were imported to MX (All phenotypic descriptions were expressed as semantic statements using Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Version 5.0.0 (Build beta 17) using the method provided by The holotype is deposited at the State Museum of Natural History (SMNS) in Stuttgart, Germany and the paratype will be retained at the Pennsylvania State University Frost Entomological Museum (PSUC).urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E762860F-DBB7-47AE-A94B-543290842491Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: PSUC_FEM 86417; recordedBy: L. Krogmann, R. Peters; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: glycerol; occurrenceID: urn:uuid:675a5573-994c-4136-be14-03ab9de2aace; Taxon: scientificName: Ceraphronkrogmanni; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hymenoptera; family: Ceraphronidae; genus: Ceraphron; specificEpithet: krogmanni; taxonRank: species; Location: locationID: 91c31a2d21f8ea1df5681e7f945ec536; continent: Europe; country: Germany; locality: Niedersachen, Lkr. L\u00fcchow-Dannenberg, Pevestorf, Deichvorland & Deich; verbatimCoordinates: N53\u00b003'49\", E11\u00b028'27\"; decimalLatitude: 53.063611; decimalLongitude: 119.4338; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Jonah M. Ulmer; dateIdentified: 2016; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; eventDate: 08/06/2013; Record Level: language: en; institutionID: SMNS; collectionID: urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840; institutionCode: State Museum of Natural History (SMNS); collectionCode: SMNS_Hym_T00665; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: PSUC_FEM 86221; recordedBy: L. Krogmann, R. Peters; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: glycerol; occurrenceID: urn:uuid:675a5573-994c-4136-be14-03ab9de2aace; Taxon: scientificName: Ceraphronkrogmanni; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Hymenoptera; family: Ceraphronidae; genus: Ceraphron; specificEpithet: krogmanni; taxonRank: species; Location: locationID: 91c31a2d21f8ea1df5681e7f945ec536; continent: Europe; country: Germany; locality: Niedersachen, Lkr. L\u00fcchow-Dannenberg, Pevestorf, Deichvorland & Deich; verbatimCoordinates: N53\u00b003'49\", E11\u00b028'27\"; decimalLatitude: 53.063611; decimalLongitude: 119.4338; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Jonah M. Ulmer; dateIdentified: 2016; Event: samplingProtocol: sweeping; eventDate: 08/06/2013; Record Level: language: en; institutionID: PSUC; collectionID: http://grbio.org/cool/29fv-ztxs; institutionCode: Frost Entomological Museum (PSUC); collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenBody length universal: 0.9\u20141.1 mm.Colour hue pattern female: NOT CODED. Colour intensity pattern female: NOT CODED. Colour hue pattern male: brownish, legs yellowish, fore wing brown, with a transverse discoloured band at level of stigmal vein. Colour intensity pattern male: flagellum, tibiae and tarsi lighter than scape, pedicel, mandible, tegula, coxae and femora.Foveolate sculpture on body count: present on mesosoma and frons. Head width vs. head height: HW:HH=0.9\u20141.0. Head width vs. interorbital space (HW/IOS) Female: NOT CODED. Head width vs. interorbital space (HW/IOS) Male: 1.4\u20141.5. Head width vs. head length lateral view (HW / HL): 1.6. Maximum eye diameter vs. minimum eye diameter: 1.1\u20141.2. Dorsal carina of occipital depression presence: absent. Dorsal carina of occipital depression medial continuity: NOT CODED. Occipital carina sculpture: smooth Fig. a. Median13Mesosoma shape: not compressed laterally, as wide as high or wider than high Fig. b. Weber 522Median conjunctiva of male T9 count: absent. Row of short setae delimiting apical, cercus-bearing area of male T9: present. Male T10 shape: folded along median weakly sclerotised line. Median part of male S8 structure: not constricted medially, distal margin concave. Anterior margin shape of male S9: concave. Proximal margin part of male S9 shape: concave. Male S9 distal setal line / setal patch count: distal setae composing transverse setiferous line(s). Distomedian, hairless area (interrupting transverse row of setae or patch) on abdominal sternum 9 count: present . Distal margin of male S9 shape: straight. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: acute. proximal lobe of vas deferens: NOT CODED. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight Fig. a. Cupula44Flagellar scrobe of the scape count: absent. Male flagellomeres shape: cylindric. 6th male flagellomere length vs. width, \"sensillar\" view: short, 1\u20141.4 times as long as wide. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: setae shorter than width of flagellomeres. Male F1 length vs. pedicel length: 2.5\u20143.0. Male scape length vs. combined length of F1+F2: longer or equal. Whorled rows of erect, elongate setae on male flagellomeres count: absent. Male F6 length vs. combined length of F7+F8: Shorter than length of flagellomere 7+8. Male F1 length vs. male F2 length: 1.2\u20141.4. Male scape length vs. pedicel length: 4.1\u20144.3. Number of flagellomeres with male specific ventral sensilla: F5\u20149. Multiporous plates on male flagellomeres count: present. Male flagellomere branches count: None .Based on the presence of sickle-shaped sensilla on the male flagellomeres and the dorsoventrally compressed mesosoma , the new species belongs to the genus mhb:Fig. c, d, themhb:Fig. a, b and The species epithet is a patronym, honouring Lars Krogmann, Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Stuttgart, who collected the specimens observed in this study."}
{"text": "An electronic health records cohort study on heart failure following myocardial infarction in England: incidence and predictors. BMJ Open 2018;8:e018331. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018331.Gho JMIH, Schmidt AF, Pasea L, Johannes M I H Gho and Amand F Schmidt are shared first authors of this paper."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Julia Muellner. The correct citation is: Hartmann A, Muellner J, Meier N, Hesekamp H, van Meerbeeck P, Habert M-O, et al. (2016) Bee Venom for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease \u2013 A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0158235. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Mushtaq A. Ansari. The correct citation is: Attia SM, Ahmad SF, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Harbi MM, et al. (2016) Utility of Dexrazoxane for the Attenuation of Epirubicin-Induced Genetic Alterations in Mouse Germ Cells. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0163703. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Olufemi T. Oladapo. The correct citation is: Downe S, Finlayson K, Oladapo OT, Bonet M, G\u00fclmezoglu AM (2018) What matters to women during childbirth: A systematic qualitative review. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0194906."}
{"text": "B. anthracis infection: A need for more robust study designs and results. PLoS ONE12(8): e0182879. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182879The second author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Lernik Ohanjanian. The correct citation is: Xu W, Ohanjanian L, Sun J, Cui X, Suffredini D, Li Y, et al. (2017) A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical trials testing anti-toxin therapies for"}
{"text": "Permission for use is required. A license agreement is available from: Donald E. Morisky, ScD, ScM, MSPH, Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772.\u201d4)In citation 42, \u2018Morisky DE, Green LW, Levine DM. Concurrent and Predictive Validity of a Self-Reported Measure of Medication Adherence and Long-Term Predictive Validity of Blood Pressure Control. Med Care. 196:24:67-74\u2019 should read:A.Morisky DE, Ang A, Krousel-Wood M, Ward H. Predictive Validity of a Medication Adherence Measure for Hypertension Control. Journal of Clinical Hypertension 2008; 10(5):348-354.B.Krousel-Wood MA, Islam T, Webber LS, Re RS, Morisky DE, Muntner P. New Medication Adherence Scale Versus Pharmacy Fill Rates in Seniors With Hypertension. Am J Manag Care 2009; 15(1):59-66.C.Morisky DE, DiMatteo MR. Improving the measurement of self-reported medication nonadherence: Final response. J Clin Epidemio 2011; 64:258-263. PMID: 21144706In the title of the article, \u2018randomised\u2019 should be spelt \u2018randomized\u2019Upon publication, the below errors were noticed in the original version of the article .In the t"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Xu Y, Shoamanesh A, Schulman S, Dowlatshahi D, Al-Shahi Salman R, Moldovan ID, et al. (2018) Oral anticoagulant re-initiation following intracerebral hemorrhage in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: Global survey of the practices of neurologists, neurosurgeons and thrombosis experts. PLoS ONE 13(1): e0191137. An incorrect file was used for The images for Figs"}
{"text": "AbstractVoria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Voriini) from Area de Conservaci\u00f3n Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. It was reared as part of an ongoing inventory of wild-caught caterpillars spanning a variety of moth and butterfly families (Lepidoptera). Our study provides a concise description of the new species using morphology, life history, molecular data, and photographic documentation. In addition to the new species, we provide a diagnosis of the genus as well as new data relating to host use.We describe a new species in the genus Voria is described: Voriaerasmocoronadoi Fleming & Wood sp. n.The following new species of Voria: Xenoplagia Townsend, 1914 syn. n., Hystricovoria Townsend, 1928 syn. n., Afrovoria Curran, 1938 syn. n., and Anavoria Mesnil, 1953 syn. n., and Itavoria Townsend, 1931 syn. n.The following are proposed by Fleming & Wood as new synonyms of Voriabakeri , comb. n. and Voriasetosa , comb. n.The authors also propose Voriapollyclari , comb. n. based on the morphology of the holotype.The following new combinations are proposed as a result of the new synonymies:  Voriini (Diptera: Tachinidae: Dexiinae) can be characterized by two main traits, namely: the obliquely angled sinusoidal hind crossvein, and the long ribbon-like phallus  reaching posterior margin; phallus elongate and frequently ribbon-like  collected on flowers of Heracl\u00e6umspondylium L. (Apiaceae) found growing in a prairie in Gentilly . Vorialatifronswith Tachinaruralis Fall\u00e9n, 1810 , while also placing the genus PlagiaMeigen, 1838, in synonymy with Voria. To date, five names have been sunk into synonymy with Voriaruralis, increasing its range from Palearctic only to cosmopolitan. Evidence from DNA barcodes suggests the existence of a great deal of molecular variation among the different populations of this species. As a result, we can only reasonably describe V.ruralis as a species complex. DNA barcoding of the holotype is required for a proper definition of V.ruralis, and a more in-depth study is needed to differentiate the individual species. The elucidation of the V.ruralis species complex falls outside the scope of this paper, where we will only be providing information regarding a single new species described from Area de Conservaci\u00f3n Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica (http://www.acguanacaste.ac.cr). Like many other genera of Voriini, species of Voria parasitize caterpillars of Lepidoptera, specifically in the families Noctuidae and Uraniidae  gene sequences, and male terminalia, and discuss its host species. As the inventory is continually growing, the information provided in this paper should not be taken as conclusive on the total number of species of Voriapresent in ACG or Costa Rica, from which only V.ruralis had been recorded prior to our study.The new species of n of ACG . Here, wThis paper is part of a larger effort to describe new species reared during the ACG inventory . This sehttp://janzen.bio.upenn.edu/caterpillars/methodology/how/parasitoid_husbandry.htm. Since its inception, this inventory has reared over 750,000 wild-caught ACG caterpillars. Any frequencies of parasitism reported here need to be considered against this background inventory. Comparative details of the parasitism ecology of these flies will be treated separately in later papers, once the overall alpha-taxonomy of ACG caterpillar-attacking tachinids is more complete.All reared tachinid specimens were obtained from host caterpillars collected in ACG . ACG's 1The description of the new species is complemented with a series of color photos, to illustrate some of the morphological characters described. The morphological terminology used follows http://janzen.bio.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso.All caterpillars reared from the ACG inventory receive a unique voucher code in the format yy\u2013SRNP\u2013xxxxx. Any parasitoid emerging from a caterpillar receives the same voucher code as a record of the rearing event. If and when the parasitoid is later dealt with individually it receives a second voucher code unique to it, in the format DHJPARxxxxxxx. These voucher codes assigned to both the host and its parasitoids may be used to obtain the individual rearing record at www.boldsystems.org)  , and latTachinidae were collected under Costa Rican government research permits issued to DHJ and WH, and exported from Costa Rica to Philadelphia, en route to their final depository in the Canadian National Insect Collection in Ottawa, Canada (CNC). Tachinid identifications for the inventory were done by DHJ and WH in coordination with a) visual inspection by AJF and DMW, b) DNA barcode sequence examination by MAS and DHJ, and c) correlation with host caterpillar identifications by DHJ and WH through the inventory itself. The date of collection is the date of eclosion of the fly, not the date of capture of the caterpillar. This is because the fly eclosion date is much more representative of the time when that fly species is on the wing than is the time of capture of the host caterpillar, and therefore a date that is appropriate for comparison with adult-caught specimens in other museum collections. The collector listed on the label is the parataxonomist who found the caterpillar, rather than the person who retrieved the newly eclosed fly from its rearing container. Holotypes of all tachinid parasitoids collected by the ACG inventory, including that of the species newly described herein, are deposited at CNC.Inventoried CNC \u2013 Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, CanadaETHZ \u2013 Erdgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule-Zentrum, Zurich, SwitzerlandIZCAS \u2013 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, ChinaMLPA \u2013 Museo de la Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, ArgentinaMNHL \u2013 Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de la Ville de Lille, Lille, FranceMRSN \u2013 Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino , Turin, ItalyMZLU \u2013 Museum of Zoology, Lund University, Lund, SwedenNHMUK \u2013 Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom [formerly British Museum ]NHRS \u2013 Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, SwedenSANC \u2013 South African National Collection of Insects, Pretoria, South AfricaSDEI \u2013 Senckenberg Deustsches Entomologisches Institut, M\u00fcncheberg, GermanySEMK \u2013 Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USAUFVB \u2013 Museu Regional de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa, Minas Gerais, BrazilUSNM \u2013 National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA Eois Janzen52\" or \"CaviriareginaDHJ01\", where the \"species epithet\" is either composed of the name of the taxonomist who identified the species and a number or the name of a species-group followed by a code. This prevents confusion with already described species while maintaining traceability of each undescribed species within the ACG project.Names of undescribed host species follow a standardized, interim naming system used for taxonomic units considered as distinct species not yet formally identified or scientifically described but reliably identified by DNA barcodes. The interim names are given in the format \"Voria. DNA extracts were obtained using a standard glass fiber protocol  gene)  was examprotocol  from sinprotocol , we amplprotocol  can be cRobineau-Desvoidy, 1830VoriaVorialatifrons Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 , by monotypy. Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 195. Type species: PlagiaTachinaverticalis Meigen, 1824 , by subsequent designation of  Meigen, 1838: 201. Type species: XenoplagiaXenoplagiasetosa Townsend, 1914, by original designation. Syn. n. Townsend, 1914: 13. Type species: HystricovoriaHystricovoriabakeri Townsend, 1928, by original designation. Syn. n. Townsend, 1928: 395. Type species: ItavoriaItavoriaaurescens Townsend, 1931, by original designation. Syn. n. Townsend, 1931: 475. Type species: AfrovoriaAfrovoriamunroi Curran, 1938 , by original designation. Syn. n. Curran, 1938: 5. Type species: AnavoriaVoria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830). Type species: Voria(Anavoria) indica Mesnil, 1953 , by monotypy. Syn. n. Mesnil, 1953: 170 (as subgenus of VoriaVoria Robineau-Desvoidy Other species included in aurifronsPlagia). Holotype male (SEMK). Type locality: USA, Pennsylvania. Townsend, 1892: 67 (aurescensItavoria). Holotype male (USNM). Type locality: Brazil, S\u00e3o Paulo, Itaquaquecetuba. Comb. n. Townsend, 1931: 475 (bakeriHystricovoria). Holotype male (USNM). Type locality: Philippines, Luzon, Mt. Makiling [as \u201cMount Maquiling\u201d]. Comb. n. Townsend, 1928: 395 (munroiAfrovoria). Holotype male (SANC). Type locality: South Africa, Mpumalanga, Barberton. Curran, 1938: 6 (indicaVoria(Anavoria)). Holotype female (NHMUK). Type locality: India, Uttarakhand, Dehra Dun. Mesnil, 1953: 170 (capensisVoria): 138. Holotype male . Type locality: South Africa. Villeneuve, 1935 (setosaPlagia) as \u201csetosa Wd. litt. Cap. [Cape of Good Hope]\u201d, nomen nudum. Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891: 409, 439  (micronychiaVoria). Holotype male (IZCAS). Type locality: China, Yunnan, Zhongdian, 2400m. Chao & Zhou, 1993: 1335 (operosaVoria), nomen dubium. Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863: 827 (parvaPlagia). Syntypes, 2 females . Type locality: Jamaica, \u201cLiguanea Plain, near Kingston\u201d. Johnson, 1919: 436 (rufitoraxPlagia), nomennudum. Pazos, 1914: 1002 (pollyclariCyrtophloeba). Holotype male (UFVB). Type locality: BRASIL, Minas Gerais, Vi\u00e7osa [20\u00b045\u2032S e 40\u00b051\u2032W]. Comb. n. Rocha-e-Silva, Lopes & Della Lucia, 1999: 85 . Lectotype male (NHRS), by designation of  Fall\u00e9n, 1810: 265 (ambiguaTachina). Holotype female (NHRS or MZLU). Type locality: Sweden. Fall\u00e9n, 1810: 275 . Holotype male (MNHN). Type locality: Europe. Meigen, 1824: 299 (latifronsVoria). Syntypes, unspecified number and sex (MNHN). Type locality: France, Gentilly. Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 196 (arcuataTachina). Holotype male (MNHL). Type locality: France, Lille. Macquart, 1834: 264 (VoriainterruptaTachinatransversaPlagia). Holotype female (ETHZ). Type locality: Switzerland, Zurich. Macquart, 1848: 96 (spinicostaTachina). Holotype female . Type locality: Austria, Innsbruck. Palm, 1876: 419 . Syntypes, males and females (NHMUK). Type localities: Mexico: Veracruz (Orizaba); Guerrero (Venta del Zopilote); Xucumanatlan; Omilteme and Tabasco (Teapa).mexicanaPlagia). Holotype female (MRSN). Type locality: Mexico. Giglio-Tos, 1893: 5 (brasilianaVoria). Syntypes, males and females (USNM). Type locality: Brazil, S\u00e3o Paulo, Itaquaquecetuba. Townsend, 1929: 380 (edentataVoria). Holotype male (SDEI)  see . Type loayerzaiPlagia). Syntypes, unspecified number and sex (MLPA). Type locality: not given [listed as Argentina according to  Blanchard, 1943: 157 . Holotype male (USNM). Type locality: China, Sichuan, Suifu.saginataEurigaster). Holotype female (NHMUK). Type locality: Mexico. Walker, 1861: 298 . Holotype female (USNM). Type locality: Peru, Ca\u00f1ada de Saman, Rio Chira, Peru. Comb. n. Townsend, 1914: 14  . One record from ACG suggests that Voriaerasmocoronadoisp. n. may also parasitize Uraniidae.ralidae) . One recFleming & Woodsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08890077-723B-4C2A-B7C5-1A9709DA4ADEType status:Holotype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0059183; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs & Keiner Aragon; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; otherCatalogNumbers: ACGBA5600-16, 16-SRNP-45350, BOLD:AAG9377; Taxon: scientificName: Voriaerasmocoronadoi; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Voria; specificEpithet: erasmocoronadoi; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Wood, 2017; Location: continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Sector Rincon Rain Forest; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: Casa Keyner; verbatimElevation: 121; verbatimLatitude: 10.95644; verbatimLongitude: -85.2661; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 10.95644; decimalLongitude: -85.2661; Identification: identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2017; Event: samplingProtocol: Noctuidae, CtenoplusiaoxygrammaReared from the larva of the ; verbatimEventDate: 06-Mar-2016; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned SpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0006953; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs & Gloria Sihezar; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ASTAV195-06, 06-SRNP-1503, BOLD:AAG9377; Taxon: scientificName: Voriaerasmocoronadoi; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Voria; specificEpithet: erasmocoronadoi; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Wood, 2017; Location: continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; countryCode: CR; stateProvince: Alajuela; county: Sector San Cristobal; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: Sendero Carmona; verbatimLatitude: 10.8762; verbatimLongitude: -85.3863; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 10.8762; decimalLongitude: -85.3863; Identification: identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2017; Event: samplingProtocol: Noctuidae, ChrysodeixisincludensReared from the larva of the ; verbatimEventDate: 02-Mar-2006; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned SpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0007086; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs & Petrona Rios; individualID: DHJPAR0007086; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ASTAV328-06, 06-SRNP-30286, BOLD:AAG9377; Taxon: scientificName: Voriaerasmocoronadoi; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Voria; specificEpithet: erasmocoronadoi; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Wood, 2017; Location: continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Sector Pitilla; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: Pasmompa; verbatimLatitude: 11.0193; verbatimLongitude: -85.41; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 11.0193; decimalLongitude: -85.41; Identification: identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2017; Event: samplingProtocol: Uraniidae, Erosia biolep03Reared from the larva of the ; verbatimEventDate: 19-Jan-2006; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned SpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu; catalogNumber: DHJPAR0057036; recordedBy: D.H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs & Freddy Quesada; individualID: DHJPAR0057036; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; preparations: pinned; otherCatalogNumbers: ACGBA4946-15, 15-SRNP-30148, BOLD:AAG9377; Taxon: scientificName: Voriaerasmocoronadoi; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tachinidae; genus: Voria; specificEpithet: erasmocoronadoi; scientificNameAuthorship: Fleming & Wood, 2017; Location: continent: Central America; country: Costa Rica; stateProvince: Guanacaste; county: Sector Pitilla; locality: Area de Conservacion Guanacaste; verbatimLocality: Sendero Rotulo; verbatimLatitude: 11.0135; verbatimLongitude: -85.4241; verbatimCoordinateSystem: Decimal; decimalLatitude: 11.0135; decimalLongitude: -85.4241; Identification: identifiedBy: AJ Fleming; dateIdentified: 2017; Event: samplingProtocol: Noctuidae, DiastemamorataReared from the larva of the ; verbatimEventDate: 08-Feb-2015; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: CNC; collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: Pinned SpecimenMale ; T5 with gray pollinosity over 50% of tergum. Abdomen elongate, ovoid, with mid-dorsal depression of ST1+2 extending posteriorly to hind margin of syntergite; ST1+2 without median marginal setae, laterally with a small tuft of slightly thickened setae; T3 with two median marginal setae, lacking discal setae; T4 and T5 each with a row of 6\u20137 marginal setae; T4 lacking discal setae, T5 with a complete row of discal setae. Terminalia , 121\u20131150m.Voriaerasmocoronadoisp. n. has been reared seven times at ACG: six times from caterpillars of three species of Noctuidae, Ctenoplusia oxygramma , Chrysodeixis includens  and DiastemamorataSchaus, 1894, and once from a caterpillar of ErosiabiolepDHJ03 in the family Uraniidae. Sites of collection include cloud forest, rainforest, and dry-rain intergrade forest.Voria are AT-biased (70%), as expected for insect DNA. The sequences displayed no heteroplasmy or stop codons that would suggest the amplification of a pseudogene and we conclude that these barcodes are mtDNA for Voria. There are currently five other species in BOLD provisionally identified as Voriaruralis from localities other than ACG in BOLD, each with their own unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs); all are likely to be members of the Voriaruralisspecies complex. The sequence variation between V.erasmocoronadoisp. n.(BOLD:AAG9377) and the other VoriaBINS on BOLD ranges from 3 to 11%. Based on our experience with other species complexes of morphologically indistinct insect species groups in ACG, this distance is highly supportive of the status of V.erasmocoronadoisp. n. as a separate species. The DNA barcode region sequences for"}
{"text": "Nature Communications8: Article number: 14859; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms148592017); Published: 03222017; Updated: 04252017The affiliation details for R. Zimmermann, R. Zechner and R. Breinbauer are incorrect in this Article. The correct affiliation details for these authors are given below:Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010 Graz, Austria.BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Broce I, Karch CM, Wen N, Fan CC, Wang Y, Tan CH, et al. (2018) Immune-related genetic enrichment in frontotemporal dementia: An analysis of genome-wide association studies. PLoS Med 15(1): e1002487."}
{"text": "Escherichia coli O157:H7 super-shedder cattle occur in the lower intestine. PLoS ONE 12(1): e0170050. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170050The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Devin B. Holman. The correct citation is: Zaheer R, Dugat-Bony E, Holman DB, Cousteix E, Xu Y, Munns K, et al. (2017) Changes in bacterial community composition of"}
{"text": "The overall age-adjusted suicide rate was 11.0 deaths per 100,000 population in the United States in 2004 and 12.6 in 2013. From 2004 to 2013, the suicide rate increased in all county urbanization categories, with the smallest increase (7%) in large central metropolitan counties and the largest increases in small metropolitan, town/city (micropolitan) and rural counties (approximately 20% in each). For both years, suicide rates were increasingly higher as counties became less urbanized. For 2013, the age-adjusted suicide rate in rural counties was 1.7 times the rate for large central metropolitan counties .Sources: National Vital Statistics System. County-level mortality file. Available at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mortSQL.html. Ingram DD, Franco SJ. 2013 NCHS urban-rural classification scheme for counties. Vital Health Stat 2014;2(166). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_166.pdf.Reported by: Li-Hui Chen, PhD, eyx5@cdc.gov, 301-458-4446; Deborah D. Ingram, PhD."}
{"text": "Helicobacter pylori and Escherichia coli. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0161587. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161587.The fifth authors name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Mario F. Feldman. The correct citation is: Elhenawy W, Davis RM, Fero J, Salama NR, Feldman MF, Ruiz N (2016) The O-Antigen Flippase Wzk Can Substitute for MurJ in Peptidoglycan Synthesis in"}
{"text": "Materials instituted an annual award in order to acknowledge outstanding papers in the area of materials science and engineering published in Materials.Materials from all papers published in 2010. The awards are issued to reviews and articles respectively. We are pleased to announce the second \u201cMaterials Best Paper Award\u201d for 2014 for which the following five papers were chosen:Nominations were selected by the Section Editor-in-Chiefs of Article Award:st1PrizeAndreas Klein, Christoph K\u00f6rber, Andr\u00e9 Wachau, Frank S\u00e4uberlich, Yvonne Gassenbauer, Steven P. Harvey, Diana E. Proffit and Thomas O. MasonTransparent Conducting Oxides for Photovoltaics: Manipulation of Fermi Level, Work Function and Energy Band AlignmentMaterials2010, 3(11), 4892-4914; doi:10.3390/ma3114892http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/3/11/4892Available online: nd2PrizeAneta Slodczyk and Philippe ColombanProbing the Nanodomain Origin and Phase Transition Mechanisms in (Un)Poled PMN-PT Single Crystals and Textured CeramicsMaterials2010, 3(12), 5007-5028; doi:10.3390/ma3125007http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/3/12/5007Available online: rd3PrizeOsama ShekhahLayer-by-Layer Method for the Synthesis and Growth of Surface Mounted Metal-Organic Frameworks (SURMOFs)Materials2010, 3(2), 1302-1315; doi:10.3390/ma3021302http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/3/2/1302Available online: Review Award:st1PrizeLutz-Christian Gerhardt and Aldo R. BoccacciniBioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue EngineeringMaterials2010, 3(7), 3867-3910; doi:10.3390/ma3073867http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/3/7/3867Available online: nd2PrizeKoen Van den Eeckhout, Philippe F. Smet and Dirk Poelman2+-Doped Compounds: A ReviewPersistent Luminescence in EuMaterials2010, 3(4), 2536-2566; doi:10.3390/ma3042536http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/3/4/2536Available online: Materials and the scientific research area. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of Materials, we would like to congratulate these five teams for their excellent work. In recognition of their accomplishment, for the article group, Dr. Andreas Klein, Dr. Philippe Colomban and Dr. Osama Shekhah will receive prizes of 600 CHF, 400 CHF and 200 CHF, respectively, and the privilege of publishing an additional paper free of charge in open access format in Materials, after the usual peer-review procedure. For the review group, Dr. Aldo R. Boccaccini and Dr. Koen Van den Eeckhout will receive the privilege of publishing a research article free of charge in Materials following the peer-review process.We believe that these five exceptional papers are valuable contributions to Prize Awarding CommitteeEditor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Biomaterials\u2019Prof. Dr. Aldo R. Boccaccinialdo.boccaccini@ww.uni-erlangen.deInstitute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, E-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Materials for Energy Applications\u2019Prof. Dr. Thomas Lippertthomas.lippert@psi.chMaterials Group, Research Department General Energy, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland, E-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Structure Analysis and Characterization\u2019Prof. Dr. Jung Ho Jejhje@postech.ac.krDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang, 790-784, Korea, E-Mail: Editor-in-Chief, Section \u2018Porous Materials\u2019Prof. Dr. Rafael Luqueq62alsor@uco.esDepartamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-3 (Marie Curie-Anexo), Carretera Nacional IV-A, Km. 396, 14014\u2013Cordoba, Spain, E-Mail:"}
{"text": "In Vitro. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0167787. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167787The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct spelling is: Nina Filipczak. The correct citation is: Mahmud M, Piwoni A, Filipczak N, Janicka M, Gubernator J (2016) Long-Circulating Curcumin-Loaded Liposome Formulations with High Incorporation Efficiency, Stability and Anticancer Activity towards Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines"}
{"text": "AbstractHarpagonella have included only one lower taxon, Harpagonellapalmeri A. Gray. However, a larger-fruited variety of Harpagonellapalmeri from Arizona and Sonora was described by I.M. Johnston in 1924. He continued to recognize this taxon \u2013 Harpagonellapalmerivar.arizonica \u2013 in his treatment of the genus in Kearney and Peebles\u2019s Arizona Flora in 1960. Here, we provide two lines of molecular evidence and quantitative morphological evidence from calyx characters showing that plants of Harpagonella from Arizona, Sonora, and central Baja California, corresponding to Johnston\u2019s var.arizonica, are distinct from Harpagonellapalmeri of southern California and Baja California. We make the new combination Harpagonellaarizonica (I.M. Johnston) Guilliams & B.G. Baldwin, comb. nov. for the plants from Arizona, Sonora, and central Baja California.Recent taxonomic treatments of the genus  Harpagonella A. Gray is a genus of Boraginaceae, subtribe Amsinckiinae  was used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the external transcribed spacer (ETS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and the rpl16, rps16, trnK-rps16, and trnL-trnF regions of the chloroplast genome. All PCR reactions except for those targeting the ETS region were performed using previously published primers and reaction conditions  using the standard protocol. Bidirectional sequencing was performed on an Applied Biosystems 3730xl DNA Analyzer at the Barker DNA Sequencing core facility at UC Berkeley. Contigs were assembled and edited in Geneious R6 . Sequences were initially aligned under the default parameters using the Geneious alignment tool in Geneious, then further refined by hand.ions see . The 5\u2019 PageBreakPageBreakbiner v.1.7.4. The maximum clade credibility tree (MCCT) was found and clade credibility values calculated using Tree Annotator v.1.7.4.For each DNA region, models of sequence evolution were estimated using jModelTest . BayesiaMCCT.Separate maximum likelihood analyses for nrDNA and cpDNA were performed using RAxML v1 plug-in in Geneious v8.1.8 . MaximumHarpagonellapalmerivar.arizonica and 27 physical specimens of Harpagonellapalmerivar.palmeri. Physical specimens measured were those available from the ARIZ, JEPS, and UC herbaria with mature fruits. We also measured high quality digital scans of type material of both taxa. For each specimen, we measured and averaged values from up to five fruits for maximum fruit length along an axis oriented from the pedicel base to the most distant point , maximum fruit width along an axis perpendicular to maximum fruit length , and maximum length of subterete appendages (mm). Measurements of physical specimens were taken with a digital caliper to the nearest hundredth of a millimeter. Measurement of digital specimens were made in ImageJ . The Harpagonella-outgroup split was supported by 68 substitutions in the nuclear dataset, and 46 substitutions and 31 indels in the chloroplast dataset. The branch subtending the clade of var.arizonica samples was supported by 4 nucleotide substitutions in the nuclear dataset, and 1 substitution and 5 separate indels in the chloroplast dataset. The branch subtending the clade of var.palmeri samples was supported by 3 nucleotide substitutions in the nuclear dataset and 3 substitutions in the chloroplast dataset.The split between Harpagonellapalmerivar.arizonica and Harpagonellapalmerivar.palmeri differ in all three features measured and the differences are highly significant statistically (p << 0.001). Box and whisker plots of the measured morphological features are presented in Figure Harpagonellapalmerivar.arizonica and from 3.04 to 5.87 mm  in Harpagonellapalmerivar.palmeri . Average maximum fruit width ranged from 7.33 to 9.33 mm  in Harpagonellapalmerivar.arizonica and from 3.55 to 6.41 mm  in Harpagonellapalmerivar.palmeri . Average maximum subterete appendage length ranged from 3.28 to 5.42 mm  in Harpagonellapalmerivar.arizonica and from 1.58 to 3.12 mm  in Harpagonellapalmerivar.palmeri .PageBreakHarpagonellapalmeri corresponding to the two named varieties. Statistical support for these groupings was very high, with posterior probabilities above 0.96 and maximum likelihood bootstrap values of 100 in all cases. The Harpagonella-outgroup split as well as clades of samples by variety were each supported by numerous nucleotide substitutions and indels. We take this as strong evidence for two evolutionary lineages in the genus.The separate phylogenetic analyses of nrDNA and cpDNA presented here each recover two clades within Harpagonella was suggested by Harpagonellapalmeri, stating that \u201cthis feature is variable and somewhat clinal, and does not provide a significant or reliable basis for taxonomic delimitation.\u201d The data presented here suggest instead that these quantitative characters appear to be sufficient for reliable delimitation of two taxa corresponding to the evolutionary lineages recovered in the phylogenetic analysis.Morphologically, these two lineages differ in all measured aspects of fruit size. Plants primarily from Arizona and Sonora are significantly larger in maximum fruit length, maximum fruit width, and appendage length. Box and whisker plots for these features show that the ranges of measurements of these characters between the two lineages are mostly non-overlapping. Although unmeasured here, nutlet size in Harpagonella has permitted the evaluation of the geographic range of these morphologically distinct evolutionary lineages, which is especially critical for specimens collected on the Baja California Peninsula, where both named varieties have been reported. Specimens of plants with larger fruits corresponding to Johnston\u2019s Harpagonellapalmerivar.arizonica are PageBreakalmost entirely from Arizona and Sonora, with two collections attributable to this taxon made from desert regions of Baja California at mid-peninsula . We have observed and confirmed the taxonomic identity of a specimen of the former (DS598325) but not the latter. Specimens of plants with smaller fruits corresponding to Johnston\u2019s concept for Harpagonellapalmerivar.palmeri are known primarily from southwestern California and the adjacent western coastal areas of the Baja California Peninsula, with collections ranging as far to the south as the Vizcaino Peninsula on the Pacific Coast in Baja California Sur.Herbarium study of 366 specimens representing 291 gatherings of Harpagonella \u2013 a disjunction between the California Floristic Province sensu Harpagonella based on evidence presented here.The biogeographic pattern displayed by Harpagonella resolved here merit recognition at the species level under the criteria of phylogenetic species concepts  Guilliams & B.G. Baldwincomb. nov.urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77157712-1HarpagonellapalmeriA. Grayvar.arizonica I.M. Johnston. Contr. Gray Herb. 73: 75. 1924. TYPE: U.S.A. Arizona: \u201cplains, Lowell,\u201d W.F. Parish 162, May 3, 1884, .bold=type specimen) Harpagonellaarizonica: M\u00c9XICO. Baja California.Moran 12682 (DS). Sonora.Keck 3963 , Reina & Van Devender 2003-194\u00e8 , Van Devender 2005-842\u00e8 (ARIZ). UNITED STATES. Arizona.Abrams 12944 (DS), Baker 8203 (ASU), Baker 15963 (ASU), Barr 67-78 (ASU), Barr 67-82* , Benson 9302 (POM), Bingham 527* (ARIZ), Bingham 1402 (ASU), Bowers 2250* (ARIZ), Bowers 2280* (ARIZ), Bowers 2395*\u00e8 (ARIZ), Bowers 2461* (ARIZ), Boyle 8026 (ARIZ), Brandegee, T.S. s.n. 19 April 1889 (UC), Butterwick 4349 (ASU), Butterwick 4550 (ASU), Butterwick & Hillyard 5793 , Butterwick 7419 (ASU), Carter s.n. 17 March 1936 (ARIZ), Cave 16 (ARIZ), Damrel 1618-B8 (ASU), Daniel 2581PageBreak(ASU), Daniel & Butterwick 3853 (CAS), Daniel 3907 (ASU), Doan 441 (ASU), Ducote 683 (ASU), Eastwood 8130 (CAS), Farruggia 1832 (ASU), Felger 05-218 (ASU), Fosberg 10605 , Fosberg 10664 , Freeman (ASU), Gillespie 5429 (DS), Griffiths s.n. date unknown* (ARIZ), Halse 1701 (CAS), Halverson 379 (ASU), Harrison & Fulton 6608 (POM), Harrison & Kearney 6654 (POM), Higgins 6480 (ASU), Hitchcock 25598 , Imdorf & Rice 427 , Imdorf 587 (ASU), Kearney 6654* (ARIZ), Keck 2998 (DS), Keil 1051 (ASU), Keil 1484 (ASU), Keil 2864 (ASU), Keil 4082 (ASU), Keil 4168 (ASU), Keil K-11216 (ASU), Landrum 6656 (ASU), Landrum 11176 (ASU), Lane 1035 (ASU), Lane 1067 (ASU), Lehto 181 (ASU), Lehto 307 (ASU), Lehto 1648 (ASU), Lehto 1652 (ASU), Lehto 4594 (ASU), Lehto 7766 (ASU), Lehto 10374 (ASU), Lehto 10389 (ASU), Lehto 10408 (ASU), Lehto 10687 (ASU), Lehto 11733 (ASU), Lehto 17494 (ASU), Lehto 17504 (ASU), Lehto 17541 (ASU), Lehto 12874-b (ASU), Lehto L-19732 (ASU), Lehto L-19740 (ASU), Makings 2018 (ASU), Makings, L. Fertig, & W. Fertig 4346 , Manton 236 (ASU), Mason 1663* , Mauz, Rosen, & Rautenkranz 2005-19 (ARIZ), McGill LAM1280 , McLaughlin 4476*\u00e8 (ARIZ), Orcutt 173 (CAS), Parfitt 2498 (ASU), Parish 162 , Parish s.n. 1909 (DS), Pase 1599 (ASU), Peebles 1426* (ARIZ), Peebles 3693* (ARIZ), Pierce 296 (ASU), Pinkava 4672 (ASU), Pinkava 10122 (ASU), Pinkava 10261 (ASU), Pinkava 10893 (ASU), Pinkava 11655 (ASU), Price 829 (ASU), Rand 15 (ASU), Rand 152 (ASU), Reeves 6447-a (ASU), Reina & Van Devender 97-269 (ARIZ), Rice 328 (ASU), Rice 1121 (ASU), Rice 1586-a (ASU), Rice 1598 (ASU), Jones, S. 1433 (ASU), Schramm, Bond, & Bond 9 , Shreve 7497 (ARIZ), Shreve 10113* , Smith 1577 (ASU), Swingle s.n. 1914 (ARIZ), Tedford 582* (ARIZ), Tedford 599*\u00e8 (ARIZ), Tedford 614 (ARIZ), Tedford & Rose 1034* (ARIZ), Thornber 2562* , Thornber 2581* , Thornber 4683 (ARIZ), Thornber 5488* (ARIZ), Thornber s.n. 1905* (ARIZ), Thornber s.n. 1913* (ARIZ), Toumey 5014* (ARIZ), Turner 78-41* (ARIZ), VanDevender 88-54*\u00e8 (ARIZ), Van Devender 2003-23* , W. Fertig, Makings, & Alcock 29265 (ASU), Warren 68-25* (ARIZ), Warren 68-51* (ARIZ), Wiggins 8420* (ARIZ), Wiggins 8690 (DS), Wood (ASU). Harpagonellapalmeri: M\u00c9XICO. Baja California.Bacigalupi 3067 , Boyd 5319* , Boyd & Ross 5464 (RSA), Boyd & Ross 5761 (RSA), Boyd, Gross, O\u2019Brien, & Hamilton 10352 (RSA), Breedlove 62271 , Carter, Chisaki, & Moran 1056 (UC), Dressler 668* (ARIZ), Epling & Stewart s.n. 9 April 1936 (DS), Haines & Stewart s.n. 7 February 1935 (DS), Howell 8306 (CAS), Jones, M.E. s.n. 11 April 1882 (POM), Moran 6562 (POM), Moran 6677 (DS), Moran 6750 , Moran 12770 (UC), Moran 19378 (CAS), Moran 19992 (POM), Porter 10551 (RSA), Rebman & Delgadillo 1638 (ASU), Rebman & Roberts 4856 (ASU), Sanders, Rodriguez, West, et al. 5466 (ASU), Thomas 15730 (DS), Thorne, Liston, Mistretta 62122 (RSA), Van Devender 91-348 (ARIZ), Van Devender, T.R. & R.K. Van Devender 91-239 (ARIZ), Wiggins & Ernst 12 (UC), Wiggins & Thomas 67 (CAS), Wiggins & Ernst 120 (DS), Wiggins 4265 , Wiggins 4415 (POM), Wiggins 4463 , Wiggins 7600 . UNITED STATES. California.Atwood 17833* (UC), Bacigalupi 8261* (JEPS), Banks & Boyd 57 (RSA), Banks & Boyd 316 (RSA), Banks & Boyd 398 (RSA), Banks 1652 (RSA), Banks 1680 (RSA), PageBreakBell, Clark, Goss, Green, & Rusiniak 3546 (RSA), Boyd 1384 , Boyd 1396 , Boyd 1399 , Boyd 1589* , Boyd 1644* , Boyd 1767* , Boyd 1790* , Boyd 1816* , Boyd 3045* (UC), Boyd, Ross, & Arnseth 3029 (RSA), Boyd, Ross, & Arnseth 3036 (RSA), Boyd, Ross, & Arnseth 3045 (RSA), Boyd, Ross, & Arnseth 3116 (RSA), Boyd, Ross, & Arnseth 3133 (RSA), Boyd, Ross, & Arnseth 3196 (RSA), Boyd, Ross, & Arnseth 3206* , Boyd, Ross, & Arnseth 3920 (RSA), Boyd, Ross, Arnseth, & Bonilla 4008 (RSA), Boyd, Ross, Arnseth, & Bonilla 4060 , Boyd, Ross, Arnseth, & Bonilla 4110 (RSA), Boyd, Arnseth, Rasmussen, & Cota 4605 (RSA), Boyd 6165 (RSA), Boyd & Mistretta 6311 (RSA), Boyd 6901 (RSA), Boyd 6962 (RSA), Boyd & Ross 7302 (RSA), Boyd & Ross 7906\u00e8 , Boyd & Ross 8212\u00e8 , Boyd & Ross 8220 (RSA), Boyd & Ross 8244 (RSA), Boyd & Ross 8249* , Boyd & Banks 8279 (RSA), Boyd 10414 , Boyd s.n. 28 March 1982 (RSA), Boyd s.n. 27 April 1982 (RSA), Bramlet 2301* (ARIZ), Bramlet 2370 (CAS), Bramlet 2394 (RSA), Bramlet 2399 (RSA), Bramlet & Coleman 2418 (RSA), Bramlet 2982 (RSA), Bramlet 2988 (RSA), Bramlet 3352B (RSA), Brandegee T.S. 824* , Brandegee s.n. 12 April 1894 (DS), Brandegee s.n. 15 April 1894 * , Brandegee T.S. s.n. 8 April 1895* (UC), Gander 1128* , Gander 3112* (JEPS), Gander 5072* , Grant 5218 (DS), Grant & Wheeler 540 (UC), Gross, Fraga, Virgen, Thibault 1781 (RSA), Gross, Fraga, Virgen, Thibault 1845 (RSA), Hamilton s.n. 17 May 2001 (RSA), Hirshberg 290 (RSA), Jones, C. 10 (RSA), Jones, M.E. 3066 , Jones, M.E. s.n. 5 April 1882 (RSA), Junak, Hoefs, & Crockett SCa-351 (SBBG), Junak, Hoefs, & Crockett SCa-355 (SBBG), Junak SCa-361 (SBBG), Junak, Hoefs, & Crockett SCa-379 (SBBG), Junak, Hoefs, Takara SCa-399 (SBBG), Junak, Hoefs, & Stratton SCa-497 (SBBG), Junak, Hoefs, Takara SCa-514 (SBBG), Junak & Kirkland SCa-573 (SBBG), Junak & Kirkland SCa-577 (SBBG), Junak, Hoefs, Kirkland, & Stratton SCa-631 (SBBG), Junak, Hoefs, & Kirkland SCa-1439 (SBBG), Junak SCa-1465 (SBBG), Junak & Philbrick SCa-1529 (SBBG), Leatherman 65 (RSA), Marsh & Marsh s.n. 10 June 1991 (RSA), Moran & Barber s.n. 8 June 2001 (RSA), Munz & Johnston 5335a* , Palmer 70 Parikh 156 (SBBG), Parikh & Gale 1739 (SBBG), Parish 12060 (CAS), Parry s.n. 17 March 1882 (DS), Peirson 3029 (RSA), Philbrick & Thorne B67-175 (SBBG), Pringle 269 (CAS), Purer 6927* (UC), Rebman 8031*\u00e8 (UC), Rebman 8348*\u00e8 (UC), Rebman, Gregory, Mulligan, & Ricks 11673 (RSA), Rebman, Gregory, Rich, & Principe 12817* , Riefner 20-391 (RSA), Riefner 20-393 (RSA), Riefner 95-62 (RSA), Roberts 3870 (RSA), Roberts & Bontrager 4565 (RSA), Roberts, Roberts, & Bontrager 4587 (RSA), Roberts 4855 (RSA), Roberts & Bomkamp 4981 (RSA), Roberts & Bramlet 5563 (RSA), Roberts & Bramlet 5691 (RSA), Ross 6853* (UC), Ross 6869 (CAS), Ross & Takara 6939 (CAS), Ross, Takara, & Otte 6947 (CAS), Sanders 26178 (SBBG), Sanders 32379 , Sanders, Salvato, Volansky, & Balk 32568 (RSA), Sanders, Wotipka, Elvin, et al. 26153 , Thorne 35873 (SBBG), Thorne 35949* (UC), True 152 (POM), Vanderwerff 4235 (RSA), White 8381 , White & Duchardt 8862 (RSA).Specimens listed alphanumerically by collector within a region. (*=specimen measured; \u00e8 =specimen also used in molecular study; PageBreak"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-017-16814-3, published online 01 December 2017Correction to: This Article contains errors in Reference 3 which was incorrectly given as:Med Sci Monit. 21, 2361\u20132366 (2015).Wojciech, W., Agnieszka, S.-P., Magdalena, B. & Tomasz, G. Experimental Comparison of Efficiency of First Aid Dressings in Burning White Phosphorus on Bacon Model. The correct reference is listed below:Med Sci Monit. 21, 2361\u20132366 (2015).Witkowski, W., Surowiecka-Pastewka, A., Biesaga, M., Gierczak, T. Experimental Comparison of Efficiency of First Aid Dressings in Burning White Phosphorus on Bacon Model."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Rayees Rahman. The correct citation is: Heimann AS, Gupta A, Gomes I, Rahman R, Schlessinger A, Ferro ES, et al. (2017) Generation of G protein-coupled receptor antibodies differentially sensitive to conformational states. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0187306."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Kathryn A. Shelton. The correct citation is: Dorta-Estremera S, Nehete PN, Yang G, He H, Nehete BP, Shelton KA, et al. (2017) Minimally invasive monitoring of CD4 T cells at multiple mucosal tissues after intranasal vaccination in rhesus macaques. PLoS ONE 12(12): e0188807."}
{"text": "Plasmodium Multigene Families Are Expressed in Liver Stages Where They Are Exported into the Parasitophorous Vacuole. PLoS Pathog 12(11): e1005917. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005917The third author's middle name is incorrectly listed as a last name. The correct name is: Dafni Paraskevi Bechtsi. The correct citation is: Foug\u00e8re A, Jackson AP, Bechtsi DP, Braks JAM, Annoura T, Fonager J, et al. (2016) Variant Exported Blood-Stage Proteins Encoded by"}
{"text": "Approximately 44% of adults aged 18\u201359 years had ever been tested for HIV (other than blood donations) during 2007\u20132010, nearly the same as during 2003\u20132006. From 2003\u20132006 to 2007\u20132010, no significant change was observed for non-Hispanic white and Mexican-American adults in this age group. A significant increase was observed in the percentage of non-Hispanic black adults aged 18\u201359 years (from 57% to 64%) who had ever been tested for HIV. During both periods, non-Hispanic black adults had a significantly higher prevalence of any lifetime HIV testing compared with non-Hispanic white and Mexican-American adults.Source: Woodring JV, Kruszon-Moran D, Oster AM, McQuillan GM. Did CDC\u2019s 2006 revised HIV testing recommendations make a difference? Evaluation of HIV testing in the U.S. household population, 2003\u20132010. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014;67:331\u201340.Reported by: Joseph V. Woodring, DO, jwoodring@cdc.gov, 301-458-4599; Deanna Kruszon-Moran, MS; Geraldine M. McQuillan, PhD; Alexandra M. Oster, MD; Steven M. Frenk, PhD."}
{"text": "Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. lipolytica, C. tropicalis, C. famata, C. glabrata, Rhodutorula mucilaginosa, and R. glutinis. Several compounds exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) activities comparable with the first-line drug fluconazole. These results could be considered as an important starting point for the rational design of new antifungal agents.Fifteen 7-chloro-4-arylhydrazonequinolines have been evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against eight oral fungi:"}
{"text": "The correct names are: Mangesh Vasant Suryavanshi and Shrikant Bhute. The correct citation is: Adebayo AS, Suryavanshi MV, Bhute S, Agunloye AM, Isokpehi RD, Anumudu CI, et al. (2017) The microbiome in urogenital schistosomiasis and induced bladder pathologies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis11(8): e0005826."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Elsayed Z. Soliman. The correct citation is: Dixit S, Alonso A, Vittinghoff E, Soliman EZ, Chen LY, Marcus GM (2017) Past alcohol consumption and incident atrial fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PLoS ONE 12(10): e0185228."}
{"text": "After publication of our article , it was de Oliveira-Filho AD, Morisky DE, Neves SJ, Costa FA, de Lyra DP Jr. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale: validation of a Brazilian-Portuguese version in hypertensive adults. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2014;10(3):554\u201361."}
{"text": "AbstractNepticulidae and Opostegidae is presented, including fossil species. The catalogue is simultaneously published online in the scratchpad http://nepticuloidea.info/ and in Catalogue of Life . We provide a historical overview of taxonomic research on Nepticuloidea and a brief \u2018state of the art\u2019. A DNA barcode dataset with 3205 barcodes is made public at the same time, providing DNA barcodes of ca. 779 species, of which 2563 are identified as belonging to 444 validly published species. We recognise 862 extant and 18 fossil species of Nepticulidae in 22 extant genera and the fossil form genus Stigmellites. We count 192 valid Opostegidae species in 7 genera, without fossils. We also list seven dubious Nepticulidae names that cannot be placed due to absent type material and poor descriptions, 18 unavailable names in Nepticulidae that cannot be placed and we also list the 33 names (including four fossils) that once were placed as Nepticulidae or Opostegidae but are now excluded. All synonyms and previous combinations are listed. The generic classification follows the Molecular phylogeny that is published almost simultaneously. Subfamilies and tribes are not recognised, Trifurculinae Scoble, 1983 is synonymised with Nepticulidae Stainton, 1854 and Opostegoidinae Kozlov, 1987 is synonymised with Opostegidae Meyrick, 1893. The status of Casanovula Hoare, 2013, Etainia Beirne, 1945, Fomoria Beirne, 1945, Glaucolepis Braun, 1917, Menurella Hoare, 2013, Muhabbetana Ko\u00e7ak & Kemal, 2007 and Zimmermannia Hering, 1940 is changed from subgenus to full genus, whereas two PageBreakgenera are considered synonyms again: Manoneura Davis, 1979, a synonym of Enteucha Meyrick, 1915 and Levarchama Beirne, 1945, a synonym of Trifurcula Zeller, 1848. We propose 87 new combinations in Nepticulidae and 10 in Opostegidae, largely due to the new classification, and re-examination of some species. We propose the following 37 new synonymies for species :A catalogue of all named Stigmellaacerifoliella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969 , Stigmellanakamurai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 , Nepticulaamseli Skala, 1941 , Stigmellacathepostis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 ), Stigmellapopulnea Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 ), Nepticulaobscurella Braun, 1912 ), Nepticulamandingella Gustafsson, 1972 ), Stigmellarosaefoliellapectocatena Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979 ), Micropteryxpomivorella Packard, 1870 ), Stigmellacrataegivora Puplesis, 1985 , Stigmellascinanella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979 ), Stigmellapalmatae Puplesis, 1984 ), Stigmellasesplicata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 ), Stigmellarhododendrifolia Dovnar-Zapolski & Tomilova, 1978 ), Stigmellaoa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 , Stigmellagracilipae Hirano, 2014 , Nepticulachaoniella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863 ), Bohemanniapiotra Puplesis, 1984 ), Bohemannianipponicella Hirano, 2010 , Sinopticulasinica Yang, 1989 ), Trifurculacollinella Nel, 2012 ), Obrussatigrinella Puplesis, 1985 ), Microcalyptrisvittatus Puplesis, 1984 and Microcalyptrisarenosus Falkovitsh, 1986 ), Ectoedemiacastaneae Busck, 1913, Ectoedemiaheinrichi Busck, 1914 and Ectoedemiahelenella Wilkinson, 1981 ), Ectoedemiachloranthis Meyrick, 1928 and Ectoedemiaacanthella Wilkinson & Newton, 1981 ), Ectoedemiacoruscella Wilkinson, 1981 ), Ectoedemiapiperella Wilkinson & Newton, 1981 and Ectoedemiareneella Wilkinson, 1981 ), Ectoedemiasimiligena Puplesis, 1994 ), Ectoedemiaandrella Wilkinson, 1981 ), Nepticulacanadensis Braun, 1917 ), Opostegarezniki Kozlov, 1985 , Pseudopostegacyrneochalcopepla Nel & Varenne, 2012 ). Stigmellacaryaefoliella  and Zimmermanniabosquella  are taken out of synonymy and re-instated as full species. Lectotypes are designated for Trifurculaobrutella Zeller, 1873 and Nepticulagrandisella Chambers, 1880. Lepidoptera, being based on an online version of the Cardindex of the Natural History Museum in London  that cannot yet be found in an online database  is released with additional information and illustrations, and will be updated continuously. We are also happy to announce that at the same time this catalogue is made available to the Catalogue of Life  and GBIF. This catalogue is not only the taxonomic summary of the published knowledge on these families, it also contains many original data, such as new synonymies and taxonomic placement of species, based on our many years of research of these insects worldwide; some of these results are formalised here, but will be detailed elsewhere. In the material and methods section we discuss our various choices for this catalogue, such as species concepts, use of DNA barcodes, and nomenclatorial issues.For some years we have been preparing an online catalogue of ratchpad , which hn a book , using an a book , resulteNepticulidae and Opostegidae. We begin the results section with a review of the \u201cstate of the art\u201d of Nepticuloidea in the various biogeographic regions.To place the list in a broader context we give an account of the taxonomic history and history of research on Nepticulidae that was described, was Stigmellaanomalella  of which Phalaenaanomalella. This makes Ectoedemiaoccultella  the first formally named nepticulid  occultella), although Linnaeus himself had yet no notion of the life history of the small moth that he found on his windows , this was overlooked by most 19th century authors, and in the first decades of the 19th century, species were still placed in Tinea  83) Fig.  and in SNepticula was formally erected in a meeting report by Nepticulidae (in his \u201cVersuch einer naturgem\u00e4ssen Eintheilung der Schaben\u201d) together with other leafminers in the genus Lyonetia, subgenus Bucculatrix, in which he placed ten nepticulid species together with six that we still consider as Bucculatrix (Bucculatricidae). All these descriptions were based on adults that were collected in the field without knowledge of the life history (except DeGeer\u2019s work!). Stainton and his British followers drastically changed this situation, by eagerly rearing leafminers and many other microlepidoptera, resulting in a proliferation of new species discoveries. Following a few initial species descriptions, his book \u201cInsecta Brittanica. Lepidoptera: Tineina\u201d (Nepticulidae \u2013 at that point recognised as a family with two genera (Nepticula and Trifurcula) \u2013 with detailed information on leafmines and biology of 32 species in total  by ICZN art. 23.9.1.1), and do not compete with junior synonyms .Soon after Stainton\u2019s iculidae ; 1857, t heft 67   had been tripled since 1848: from 24 to 77 see Fig. . In Euroann 1812\u2013 in Braunann 1812\u2013; b and Mann 1812\u2013. Jointlyann 1812\u2013. After cmicrolepidoptera. He collected the leafmines actively and described them in a few papers, but in contrast to Stainton he did not wait for successful rearing results and described many new species solely on the basis of leafmines , but also many missing and reconstructing identities can still be cumbersome  in Easton, Pennsylvania, had started studies on eafmines , often reafmines . A seconeafmines ; 1878a. mbersome . Here weNepticulidae described from other regions than Europe or the USA, were two species described from Colombia by Stigmellamaoriella from New Zealand already predated these. However, Walker, often criticised for his numerous useless descriptions, was totally unaware he was naming a nepticulid and placed it in Tinea.The first th century Edward Meyrick (1854\u20131939) . When studying genitalia became more common practice, Meyrick refused to see the necessity and continued in a similar manner, relying almost completely on venation and colour pattern . Meyrick named only two nepticulid genera: Acalyptris and Enteucha, the latter he placed in Opostegidae , a Danish immigrant, started his studies at the Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and somewhat later Annette Frances Braun (1884\u20131978) , Obrussa Braun, 1915, Glaucolepis Braun, 1917 and Microcalyptris Braun, 1925 , Bohemannia (pulverosella Stainton) or Acalyptris (minimella Rebel).In Europe, in addition to on, 1859 . Althougon, 1859 . Walsingun, 1925   ; these species are now all placed in Glaucolepis  Fig. ; b; 1911ucolepis ; 1914.Lepidoptera and the first study on nepticulids was by Nepticula into a number of species groups based on the male genitalia. The first following him was Hering . The single contribution by Bryan P. Beirne (1918\u20131998) was particularly important. He finished the British series of Lepidoptera genitalia started by Nepticulidae, apart from Trifurcula, in their \u2018tineid\u2019 volume, referring to Petersen\u2019s work \u2013 , and described the male genitalia of the British species  and split Stigmella into Stigmella and Nepticula. From then on describing a new species without illustrating the male genitalia seldom occurred anymore, and the late 1940\u2019s showed several examples of this  , provided with very poor and minute illustrations and brief descriptions , Fomoriagroschkei ).Quite a reverse development occurred in the first half of the 20Hering 183\u20131967  , then an applied entomologist in Burnaby, British Columbia, encouraged Wilkinson to revise this group for Canada and the USA. Wilkinson brought this research back to Portsmouth Polytechnic University, where he had worked since 1965, and two of his graduate students  worked jointly with him on North American Nepticulidae, resulting in five papers dealing with all known species and several new ones  Figs , 14 devenew ones . Later, new ones  obtained in 1983 ; 1983. HNepticulidae. In Amsterdam, several MSc students worked with Wilkinson on the taxonomy of Stigmella species groups in Europe, and the taxonomy of Stigmella in Japan and New Zealand , resulting in a joint collecting trip by Erik van Nieukerken and Hans van Driel to China with Chinese counterparts in 1984 (van Driel and van Nieukerken 1985). After closing of the Amsterdam department, this research was unfortunately not continued. Only much later, van Nieukerken picked up the collaboration with Liu Youqiao and completed one joint paper on Chinese Stigmella  and Central Asia (PageBreakcontinued his work in Vilnius (Lithuania), Pedagogical University and while his earlier papers were all in the Russian language, from 1988 he published mostly in English, and an important summary of all his earlier work was a book dealing with the Nepticulidae of the former Soviet Union, including 21 new species , but his initial responsibilities left him little opportunity to continue taxonomic work before he got a position as curator for microlepidoptera and Arachnida in 1999. Still he was able to finish some studies that he had started in Amsterdam, and continued collaborations with especially Roland Johansson and other Scandinavians: Ebbe Schmidt Nielsen (1950\u20132001)  Fig. , Bert Gu01) Fig.  and Ole 01) Fig. , very be01) Fig. \u201340 and aare Fig.  as PhD siculidae . Hoare fD thesis , of whicubgenera , that arLepidoptera, particularly Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae, and the opening of the Iron Curtain provided them with the opportunity to start extensive collecting in the Mediterranean region: Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Croatia and Greece. They published a general guide for Central European species  and Ectoedemia, subgenera Ectoedemia and Zimmermannia  and some of our data are presented in this catalogue.Also work on North American Tineaauritella H\u00fcbner, 1813 (now Pseudopostegaauritella) and Elachistasalaciella Treitschke, 1833 . Opostega for these two species and his new Opostegacrepusculella, but he also included other small white species, that are now included in respectively Phyllocnistis Zeller, 1848 (Gracillariidae) and Leucoptera H\u00fcbner, 1825 (Lyonetiidae). Zeller did not select a type species, only much later salaciella as such. In 1848 Zeller narrowed Opostega and only included species now still regarded as Opostegidae, by removing the other species to his new genera Phyllocnistis and Cemiostoma Zeller, 1848 (a junior synonym of Leucoptera). In 1855 five out of the six known European species had been named and two species from North America followed in the next 20 years  make leafmines on Melicope (Rutaceae) (then named Pelea), whereas the life history of most Opostegidae remained a mystery. Only that of Opostegoidesscioterma had been extensively described by OposteganonstrigellaPageBreak(Ribes (Grossulariaceae), and another species of the same genus, Opostegoidesminodensis  was later discovered to be a cambium miner of Betula.After the early descriptions, for a long period new species, mostly from other continents, were almost all named by Edward Meyrick and Lord Walsingham  Table . Just sitrigella. This spth century there was still no agreement about placement of the single genus Opostega, some textbooks placed it in the Nepticulidae, sometimes as subfamily  for Pseudopostegaauritella and Menthaaquatica (Lamiaceae) for Pseudopostegacrepusculella. Both make long linear mines in the bark and gradually go deeper in the stem  have been studying the last years, and for which several publications are in preparation.We do not recognise any subspecies. The systematic category in itself is problematic, and is particularly a part of the polytypic biological species concept, that can only be used for species where distributions are known in detail and the amount of hybridisation in border areas has been studied; as such subspecies are mostly used in charismatic groups such as vertebrates and butterflies, and even in these there is a tendency given by the phylogenetic species concept to abandon subspecies and raise them often to full species, particularly in birds .Ectoedemiaoccultella in the entire Palearctic and Nearctic, making the same characterPageBreakistic mines on Betula and morphologically indistinguishable). In the case that there are more differences, we opt for separate species (e.g. Ectoedemiaintimella and Ectoedemiainsularis), particularly when consistent morphological differences are paired with a large diagnostic difference in DNA barcodes.If allopatric populations are morphologically  inseparable, and also share most of the biology, we simply use the same species name over the entire area . More than 50 years ago, the subspecies category had been used sometimes for biological forms (host plant races) and these are treated either as synonyms or raised to species level in a few cases.Very few subspecies have been described in the last 50 years in postega, ) we haveNepticulidae follows our molecular phylogeny .The classification of Nepticulidae, particularly Stigmella since Stigmella and Ectoedemia. Groups for which we have no or insufficient molecular data have been recognised when morphologically uniform and comprising more than one species, others are listed as unplaced within genera, or the larger clades that we recognise in Stigmella. When several groups together form a monophyletic clade, we sometimes use the term \u201ccluster\u201d for that clade.Species groups are a practical category to combine groups of species within large genera that share morphological and biological characters, and have been extensively used in Pseudopostega we have abandoned all species groups for the time being, and list the species alphabetically by geographic region. We have been unable to find phylogenetic or molecular support for the groupings and found them hard to use. For details for these groups we refer to the revisions that introduced them . We give the authors who used the group name for the first time, even though they may have used a different composition. Synonyms are not complete, and many group names for single species are not given in synonymy, nor are the many names for Pseudopostega groups.Species group names are not governed by the Ectoedemia  and listed alphabetically. Following the valid name we list the original combination plus those of the junior synonyms, followed by all now invalid subsequent combinations. Usually unavailable names are given at the end of the list of synonyms.Species are only listed in a phylogenetic order for those genera and groups where we have a detailed phylogeny, in practice only in http://nepticuloidea.info/, which is regularly updated, and the Catalogue of Life.For each species we give the biogeographical region(s) of occurrence with an abbreviation. When the abbreviation is placed in square brackets the species is assumed to be an introduction. For type localities and simple maps of country records we refer to the scratchpad PageBreaking about species status, even though there is no absolute criterion. The judgement of the value of barcode distances is particularly problematic in vicariant populations, such as island populations, where exchange of genetic material has ceased often a long time ago . This means that identities of specimens included were either identified by us or by colleagues providing the data. Obviously various barcoded larvae that did not match any adult barcodes and could not otherwise be identified may still belong to named species with unknown hosts. This dataset includes DNA barcodes of 3205 specimens, belonging to 779 species (733 Nepticulidae and 46 Opostegidae) of which 2574 specimens belong to 444 formally named species (409 Nepticulidae and 35 species of Opostegidae). The remaining 642 specimens belong to ca. 335 unnamed (or as yet unidentified) species (324 Nepticulidae and 11 Opostegidae). In the dataset 3071 barcodes are assigned a Barcode Identification Number (BIN), representing 900 BIN\u2019s, which belong to 749 recognised species (717 Nepticulidae and 32 Opostegidae). A neighbour joining tree of the barcode data is supplied here as Supplementary material We release here our dataset of barcodes of well identified material as Data for specimens to which we refer in our notes are listed in Supplementary material PageBreakLepidoptera . For completeness\u2019 sake we also include infrasubspecific names, that are not available according to the Code (ICZN 1.3.4). Many names based on leafmines only  are unavailable when published after 1930 (ICZN 13.6.2), these are marked with the abbreviation \u201cNNLM\u201d (see below). After screening some of these descriptions, they appeared to be available after all, since part of the description dealt with the larva, eg. the colour, thus making the description available, even though it often is of little use in recognising the species.We include only names that were published as real scientific names, all available names according to Acalyptris species 29135) or names given to unnamed barcoded species, as such names easily become obsolete and often are not published on paper or another fixed media anyway. Some of these intermittent names are listed on our scratchpad, though  has been a particular great help, since this contains fully scanned volumes, allowing checking of dates on wrappers of issues and volumes, in addition to those available in our libraries. Nowadays there are many more repositories with scanned journals and books of particular countries, but since they do not always contain scans of wrappers and title pages, this checking is not always easy. It would be a great improvement if all these repositories were accessible through a single online source (BHL?); now it is not always easy to find these.All original descriptions and references with new combinations and synonymies have been examined by EvN , always trying to establish correct publication dates, which lead to changing a few publication dates of taxa. The ICZN art. 50, 51, recommendations 51B\u2013G), thus with comma, and use of PageBreakampersand rather than \u201cand\u201d. We always cite the page for the first description and for other nomenclatorial actions.In the catalogue proper we present citations in the form as recommended by the Code  does not have special requirements for new combinations, other than that the publication fulfils availability. In practice many new combinations have been made unintentionally in checklists, faunistic papers, faunas, without marking these, whereas several of the new combinations marked as such in literature (including some of our own) appeared not to have been new at all. In Nepticulidae this is particularly the case with the combinations of many species with Stigmella: after the recognition by Stigmella is valid rather than Nepticula, some authors started to use this generic name, but many did not, and this uncertainty continued for 70 years . Combinations only published online on webpages or databases (including the scratchpad) and not in online journals, are not accepted as validly published, and thus are given here as new combinations when valid. When these combinations are no longer valid and have been used only online, we mention this by adding \u201conline comb.\u201dWe here introduce several new combinations, that became necessary after raising subgenera to full genus. While doing this, we realised that it is often difficult to find where new combinations have been made in the past, since 70 years ! There aal works . To docuICZN article 34.2). This follows the practice by most lepidopterists in leading catalogues and checklists, duly discussed by loc. cit.). In Nepticuloidea this affects only few names anyway, since most generic names are feminine .One deviation from the code is that we do not change the ending of species-group names to agree with the gender of the generic name  or for (infra)subspecific names within the same nominal species.Similar to the combinations, finding the source for new synonyms is often difficult, and we therefore give the source for all subjective synonymies that we have been able We have tried to include information on the primary types for each name in the scratchpad , includiType species of genera and type genera of family group names are always given in the list, using several similar abbreviations as suggested by  Afrotropical region AFR Australian and Pacific regions AUS Barcode Identification number BIN Barcoding of Life Database BOLD East Palearctic region EP International Code of Zoological Nomenclature  ICZN Incorrect original spelling IOS Incorrect subsequent spelling ISS Junior Homonym [of Genus] JH Junior Primary Homonym [of Species] JPH Junior Secondary Homonym [of Species] JSH Nomen dubium, dubious name, of which identity is unknown and untraceable NDNearctic regionNEA Neotropical region NEO Nomen nudum, unavailable name failing to conform to ICZN art 12 or 13 NN Nomen nudum, for a name after 1931 based on the description of a leafmine (ICZN 13.6.2) NNLM Nomen oblitum, forgotten name, not used as valid name after 1900 NO Oriental region OR Replacement name RN Synonymised by syn Type Genus TGPageBreak Type Species by Original Designation TS/OD Type Species by Original Designation and Monotypy TS/OD,M Type Species by Monotypy TS/M Type Species by Subsequent Designation TS/SD Unjustified emendation UE Unnecessary replacement name URN West Palearctic region WP Fossil species\u2020 The double dagger is given before an nomenclatorially unavailable name.\u2021 Superscript numbers refer to the taxonomic notes after the list. In the online html version of the list automatically hyperlinked. 1Nepticuloidea for region and genus. Here we report 862 extant named species of Nepticulidae and 192 Opostegidae, a total of 1054. For the 18 fossil species we refer to our earlier catalogue , which probably better reflects the reality. Fig. Nepticuloidea per region.There is a strong bias for the West Palearctic with 321 Europe. As has also become clear from the taxonomic history, until recently most work concentrated on the European fauna, and probably the majority of species have been described by now. Europe, excluding Cyprus, but including Macaronesia, contains 280 named species. We know of about 20 unnamed species of Trifurcula, eight Parafomoria and a small number of Stigmella, particularly Rhamnus feeders and several species belonging to the Stigmellasalicis complex  and Loteae, whereas Glaucolepis has groups of species feeding on Lamiaceae, Apiaceae: Bupleurum and Plantaginaceae: Globularia. Fomoria has a centre of diversity in Greece and Turkey with at PageBreakleast six species feeding on Hypericum. Acalyptris also has most species in South East Europe, with the staticis group specialised on Plumbaginaceae and often occurring along the sea coast, and four species in the platani group on Platanaceae, Loranthaceae and Anacardiaceae. Etainia and Zimmermannia are widespread in Europe, the first associated with Sapindaceae (Acer) and Ericaceae (Arctostaphylos), whereas most Zimmermannia are barkminers in Fagaceae, and one in Ulmus. Simplimorpha has one species, Stigmellapromissa, oligophagous on Anacardiaceae in southern Europea, whereas the single Enteucha, Enteuchaacetosae occurs in Central and Eastern Europe on Rumex species (Polygonaceae).The largest genus is ith oaks ; 2012b. Western Palearctic Region. Obviously Europe is part of this region, and its fauna continues along the Mediterranean coasts, but there is a great difference in the knowPageBreakledge of the faunas inside and outside of Europe. The region has only 50 species that are not known from Europe . The typical Mediterranean fauna continues in North Africa, Turkey and the Levant, but has been poorly sampled and will probably contain still many new taxa to discover. Turkey and Iran in particular are promising countries for high diversities, Turkey has a large diversity in such host plant genera as Quercus and Hypericum. In the desert areas of the Middle East, North Africa and the Arabian peninsula other groups become important, such as the Acalyptrispsammophricta and shafirkanus groups .The northern part of the area, Siberia, has many trans-palearctic species, particularly Ectoedemia and Stigmella : Menurellaxenadelpha on Syzygiumacuminatissimum (Myrtaceae) PageBreak, the large majority belonging to non-core Stigmella. There PageBreakare also species in the Stigmellabetulicola group feeding on grasses such as Oplismenus and Cyperaceae (Cyperus): Stigmellaxystodes . However, we have seen examples or DNA barcodes of Nepticulidae from Madagascar that show the presence of the genera Acalyptris, Muhabbetana, Ectoedemia and Stigmella. No species are known from R\u00e9union or Mauritius.The island fauna of the Indian Ocean is still poorly known: two species occur on Aldabra (Seychelles), see below under note 21, and one is named from Madagascar  in the eastern rainforest, specialised on plants in the Oxalidales  feeding on Myrtaceae, with a large number feeding on Eucalyptus , Sapindaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae and Rhamnaceae  and there is also one Glaucolepis in the raikhonae group. There is a rich opostegid fauna with 24 named species, but they have not yet been revised. The genera Opostegoides and Pseudopostega at least occur here, and there is possibly also a species of Eosopostega  was described from Guam   .Nepticulidae have been seen (RJBH), several on Cunoniaceae, but no serious collecting has taken place. The adults of two species are known, but these have not been placed to genus, and require further study. The fauna could well be diverse and important, in common with the very rich and unusual flora of this island.On New Caledonia many mines of Nearctic region. The fauna of the Nearctic is relatively poor with 85 named Nepticulidae and ten Opostegidae. The Nepticulidae were revised in the early 1980\u2019s .y 1980\u2019s  and the recently , but mucStigmella, with groups specialising on amongst others Fagaceae, Betulaceae, Juglandaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae and Anacardiaceae; typical species groups for this region are the saginella and quercipulchella groups with oak feeding species and the prunifoliella group feeding on Anacardiaceae, Rhamnaceae (Ceanothus) and Rosaceae (Prunus); most other species groups are shared with the Palearctic. Particularly in California and Arizona there are largely unstudied radiations of species on Quercus and Ceanothus. Ectoedemia is not nearly as diverse as in the Palearctic, and for instance has not more than three species feeding on oaks, but it has some other hosts including Platanaceae and Cornaceae (Nyssa). The genus Acalyptris still has a large undiscovered diversity, with several species specialising on Cyperaceae in wetlands, like the type species of Microcalyptris, Acalyptrisscirpi. Fomoria, Etainia and Glaucolepis are small genera with just a few species, but the barkmining Zimmermannia has a few more species (even though we synonymise here eight names) and is a widespread element, with associations with Fagaceae, Salicaceae and possibly Betulaceae. The fauna of southern Florida is more Neotropical with its two species of Enteucha on seagrape Coccolobauvifera (Polygonaceae) and various other species in Acalyptris, Stigmella and Pseudopostega. In northern North America there are several Holarctic species, particularly feeding on Betula  or Ericaceae (Fomoriaweaveri) and some European species have been introduced (paper in preparation).By far the largest genus is Neotropical Region. Currently 123 named species of Nepticulidae  and 89 Opostegidae are known, but due to active research new species are added regularly, particularly by Stonis and co-authors , but their occurrence still could be possible. The fauna of Macaronesia is mostly endemic, particularly on the Canarian Islands, with mostly Mediterranean or African elements of Glaucolepis, Muhabbetana, Fomoria, Acalyptris and Stigmella. The fauna of the Azores and Madeira is very poor with respectively one and four species, some of which have been introduced FAMILY Stigmellidae Hampson, 1918: 387 Family Pectinivalvinae Scoble, 1983: 12  Subfamily Nepticulinae Stainton, 1854Subfamily Stigmellinae Hampson, 1918Subfamily Trifurculinae Scoble, 1983: 16  syn. n.Subfamily Nepticulini Stainton, 1854: 295Tribe Stigmellini Hampson, 1918Tribe Trifurculini Scoble, 1983: 16 syn. n.Tribe Enteucha Meyrick, 1915a: 241  1Johanssonia Borkowski, 1972a: 702; JH of Johanssonia Selensky, 1914   Artaversala Davis, 1978: 219  Oligoneura Davis, 1978: 217; JH of Oligoneura Bigot, 1878 (Brachiopoda)  Manoneura Davis, 1979: 276; RN for Oligoneura Davis, 1978  1PageBreakJohanssoniella Ko\u00e7ak, 1981: 99; RN for Johanssonia Borkowski Enteuchaacetosae  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 7  Beirne, 1945: 200Johanssoniaacetosae  Borkowski, 1972a: 702Johanssoniellaacetosae  Ko\u00e7ak, 1981: 99Stigmellaarifoliella  Hering, 1957: 912Nepticulaarifoliellavar.altvateri Skala, 1941b: 79\u2021 Enteuchadiplocosma  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 321 ORNepticuladiplocosma Meyrick, 1921a: 411Enteuchaacuta Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 21 NEOEnteuchabasidactyla  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 54 1NEA,NEOOligoneurabasidactyla Davis, 1978: 218Manoneurabasidactyla  Davis, 1979: 276Enteuchacontracolorea Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 20 NEOEnteuchacyanochlora Meyrick, 1915a: 241 NEOEnteuchagilvafascia  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 54 NEA,NEOArtaversalagilvafascia Davis, 1978: 221Enteuchahilli Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 19 NEOEnteuchasnaddoni Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 21 NEOEnteuchatrinaria  comb. n.NEOManoneuratrinaria Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 23Enteuchaterricula Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 20 NEOVarius Scoble, 1983: 14 Variusochnicola  Scoble, 1983: 14 AFRStigmellaochnicola V\u00e1ri, 1955: 336Variusochnicolus  Scoble, 1983: 14 [variant]Simplimorpha Scoble, 1983: 15 Simplimorphapromissa  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 6 WPNepticulapromissa Staudinger, 1871: 325Nepticularobiniella Gustafsson, 1973: 197 Stigmellapromissa  Klimesch, 1951b: 64Simplimorphalanceifoliella  Scoble, 1983: 15 AFRStigmellalanceifoliella V\u00e1ri, 1955: 331PageBreakStigmella Schrank, 1802: 169  2: Phalaena (Tinea) anomalella Goeze, 1783)Nepticula Heyden, 1843: 208 : Tineaaurella Fabricius, 1755)  2Dysnepticula B\u00f6rner, 1925: 370  anomalella Goeze, 1783)Astigmella Puplesis, 1984a: 111  Microsetia Stephens, 1834 sensu Kirby, 1897: 313  (see [854) see : 17]Stigmellaungrouped species in Non-core Stigmellafreyella  V\u00e1ri, 1950: 182 WPNepticulafreyella Heyden, 1858: 175Stigmellakurilensis Puplesis, 1987: 8 EPStigmellaebbenielseni van Nieukerken & Van den Berg, 2003: 28 AUSStigmellaresplendensella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 456 4NEANepticularesplendensella Chambers, 1875b: 118Stigmellaunifasciella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 438 NEANepticulaunifasciella Chambers, 1875b: 119Stigmellagallicola van Nieukerken & Nishida in NEOStigmellaprunifoliella group  5Stigmellaprunetorum group Stigmellabifasciella group Stigmellaprunetorum  Beirne, 1945: 198 WP,EPNepticulaprunetorum Stainton, 1855: 72Nepticuladimidiatella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 352 Nepticulaperpusillella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 353 Nepticulaprunetella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UENepticulaligustrella R\u00f6ssler, 1867: 395 Nepticulapunctella Threlfall, 1884: 113 ISSNepticulaprunetorumvar.aviella Skala, 1934b: 6 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellaprunetorumvar.aviella  NNLM\u2021 Stigmelladiniensis  Leraut, 1980: 49 WPNepticuladiniensis Klimesch, 1975c: 5Stigmellaceanothi  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 387 NEANepticulaceanothi Braun, 1910: 172Stigmellacerea  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 407 NEANepticulacerea Braun, 1917: 172Stigmellaintermedia  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 62 NEANepticulaintermedia Braun, 1917: 171PageBreakStigmellaprunifoliella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 385 NEANepticulaprunifoliella Clemens, 1861: 84Nepticulabifasciella Clemens, 1862: 133 Nepticulaserotinaeella Chambers, 1873: 126 Stigmellabifasciella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 59Stigmellarhoifoliella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 391 NEANepticularhoifoliella Braun, 1912: 93Stigmellagossypii  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 404 NEONepticulagossypii Forbes & Leonard, 1930: 149Stigmellaschinivora van Nieukerken, 2016 in NEOStigmellaultima group Stigmellaaceris  Gerasimov, 1952: 222 WPNepticulaaceris Frey, 1857: 386Nepticulapenicillata Heinemann & Wocke, [1876]: 744 6 Nepticula sz\u00f6csi Klimesch, 1956: 423 Nepticulaszoecsi Klimesch, 1956: 423 ISS Stigmellaacerna Puplesis, 1988: 277 7WPStigmellaacerifoliella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 20 NNLM; syn. n.7\u2021 Stigmellabicolor Puplesis, 1988: 276 EPStigmellabumbegerensis Puplesis, 1984d: 509 EPStigmellakozlovi Puplesis, 1984a: 118 EPStigmellamonella Puplesis, 1984a: 117 EPStigmellaorientalis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 21 EPStigmellasemiaurea Puplesis, 1988: 275 WP,EPStigmellategmentosella Puplesis, 1984a: 117 EPStigmellaultima Puplesis, 1984a: 117 EPStigmellajaponica Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 20 Stigmellaulmivora group Stigmellakazakhstanica Puplesis in WP,EPStigmellapimschoorli Puplesis, 1994: 64  Klimesch, 1948b: 62 WPNepticulaulmiphaga Preissecker, 1942: 208Nepticulagracilivora Skala, 1942: 6 Stigmellaulmivora  Beirne, 1945: 199 8WPNepticulaulmivora Fologne, 1860: 92Nepticulaulmifoliae Hering, 1931: 531 Nepticulaulmicola Hering, 1932: 569 Stigmellaulmifoliae  V\u00e1ri, 1944b: xxvStigmellaulmicola  V\u00e1ri, 1944b: xxvNepticulaulmella Hofmann, 1858: 191 NN  8\u2021 PageBreakStigmellaviscerella  Beirne, 1945: 199 WPNepticulaviscerella Stainton, 1853: 3958Nepticulasubvirescens Meyrick, 1934b: 523 Nepticulatauromeniella Groschke, 1944: 117 Stigmellatauromeniella  Hering, 1957: 1090Stigmellaalisa Puplesis, 1985c: 63 EPStigmellaamuriella Puplesis, 1985c: 62 EPStigmellaauricularia Puplesis, Di\u0161kus & Juchnevi\u010d in Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 245 EPStigmellamultispicata Rocien\u0117 & Stonis in Stonis & Rocien\u0117, 2014: 205 9EPStigmellanireae Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 18 EPStigmellapalionisi Puplesis, 1984b: 5967EPStigmellanakamurai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 16 syn. n.10Stigmellaeurydesma group Stigmellaalbilamina Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 33 NEOStigmellaeurydesma  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulaeurydesma Meyrick, 1915a: 255Stigmellafuscilamina Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 34 NEOStigmellasaginella group Stigmellacastaneaefoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 44 NEANepticulacastaneaefoliella Chambers, 1875b: 117Stigmellaflavipedella  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 31 NEANepticulaflavipedella Braun, 1914: 19Stigmellamacrocarpae  comb. n.11NEANepticulalatifasciella Chambers, 1878: 106 JPH of Nepticulalatifasciella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855 11 Nepticulamacrocarpae Freeman, 1967: 19Stigmellalatifasciella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 47Stigmellanigriverticella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 423 NEANepticulanigriverticella Chambers, 1875b: 118Nepticulamaculosella Chambers, 1880a: 193 Stigmellasaginella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 39 NEANepticulasaginella Clemens, 1861: 85Nepticulafuscocapitella Chambers, 1873: 128 Nepticulaquercicastanella Chambers, 1873: 127 Stigmellasclerostylota Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 429 NEAStigmellaaurifasciata Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellacrassifoliae Remeikis & Stonis, 2015: 410 NEOStigmellajaguari Remeikis & Stonis in NEOStigmellalauta Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellarobleae Remeikis & Stonis, 2015: 411 NEOStigmellasublauta Remeikis & Stonis in NEOPageBreakStigmellapaliurella group Stigmellabirgittae Gustafsson, 1985: 171 12WP,AFRStigmellaomani Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 207 Nepticulaamseli Skala, 1941b: 78 NNLM; syn. n.12\u2021 Stigmellaabaiella Klimesch, 1979: 21 13WPStigmellaficulnea Puplesis & Krasnilnikova, in Puplesis, 1994: 65 13WPStigmellalongicornuta Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 217 WPStigmellapaliurella Gerasimov, 1937: 285 14WPNepticulapaliurella  Klimesch, 1940a: 177 14Nepticulapaliurella Klimesch, 1940cStigmellaturbatrix Puplesis, 1994: 66 15WP,EPStigmellaceltivora Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 39 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellazizyphi Walsingham, 1911: 190 WP,AFRStigmellaziziphivora Gustafsson, 1985: 171 Nepticulazizyphi  Skala, 1938a: 45Stigmellamorivora Hirano, 2010: 128 EPStigmellasruogai Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 204 EPStigmellaisochalca  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 325 ORNepticulaisochalca Meyrick, 1916b: 6Stigmellanepali Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 206 ORStigmellaphyllanthina  Common, 1990: 156 AUSNepticulaphyllanthina Meyrick, 1906b: 60Stigmellanaturnella group (new)Stigmelladissona group Stigmellanaturnella  Klimesch, 1948b: 65 WP,EPNepticulanaturnella Klimesch, 1936: 205Astigmelladissona Puplesis, 1984a: 112  Puplesis, 1994: 58Stigmellamirabella  Puplesis, 1994: 58 EPAstigmellamirabella Puplesis, 1984a: 112Stigmellatiliae group Stigmellatiliae  Beirne, 1945: 198 WPNepticulatiliae Frey, 1856: 375Stigmellasashai Puplesis, 1984b: 594 EPStigmellaregina Puplesis, 1984b: 596 Stigmellabetulicola group Stigmellacorylifoliella group Stigmellaalnetella  Beirne, 1945: 198 WPNepticulaalnetella Stainton, 1856: 43PageBreakStigmellabetulicola  Beirne, 1945: 198 WP,EP,NEANepticulabetulicola Stainton, 1856: 42Nepticulabetulicolella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UENepticulabetulicolavar.nanivora Petersen, 1930: 61 Stigmellananivora  Hering, 1957: 183Stigmellaglutinosae  Beirne, 1945: 198 WPNepticulaglutinosae Stainton, 1858: 96Nepticuladistinguenda Heinemann, 1862b: 305 Nepticularubescens Heinemann, 1871: 214 Nepticulaglutinosella Porritt, 1883: 173 UEStigmellarubescens  Gerasimov, 1952: 256Nepticulaglutinosaevar.alni-viridis Skala, 1939e: 111 NNLM \u2021 Nepticularubescensvar.incanae Skala, 1941a: 57 NNLM \u2021 Stigmellagutlebiella A. La\u0161tuvka & Huemer, 2002: 604 WPStigmellaluteella  Beirne, 1945: 198 WP,EPNepticulaluteella Stainton, 1857a: 110Nepticulaluteellina Skala, 1941b: 79 Stigmellamicrotheriella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59 16WP,EP,Nepticulamicrotheriella Stainton, 1854: 302Stigmellacathepostis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 10 syn. n.16Microsetiamicrotheriella  Kirby, 1897: 313Stigmellanivenburgensis  Klimesch, 1951b: 59 17WP,EPNepticulanivenburgensis Preissecker, 1942: 209Stigmellapopulnea Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 13 syn. n.17Stigmellasakhalinella Puplesis, 1984a: 115 WP,EPStigmelladiscidia Schoorl & Wilkinson, 1986: 237 Nepticuladistinguenda auct. [misapplied] Stigmelladistinguenda auct. [misapplied]Stigmellaattenuata Puplesis, 1985c: 62 EPStigmellabetulifoliae Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 179 EPStigmellaconchyliata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 11 EPStigmellacornuta Rocien\u0117 & Stonis in 18EPStigmellaexcelsa Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 182 EPStigmellakumashidei Hirano, 2014: 20 EPStigmellaoplismeniella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 12 EPStigmellapamirbetulae Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 180 EPPageBreakStigmellatitivillitia Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 14 EPStigmellacaryaefoliella  stat. rev., comb. n.19NEANepticulacaryaefoliella Clemens, 1861: 84Stigmellacorylifoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 50 NEANepticulacorylifoliella Clemens, 1861: 83Nepticulavirginiella Clemens, 1861: 83 Nepticulaminimella Chambers, 1873: 179 Nepticulaopulifoliella Braun, 1914: 22 Nepticulapaludicola Braun, 1917: 177 Nepticulaexasperata Braun, 1930: 17 Stigmellajuglandifoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 57 NEANepticulajuglandifoliella Clemens, 1861: 84Stigmellalongisacca Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 436 NEAStigmellamyricafoliella  Grossbeck, 1917: 145 20NEANepticulamyricafoliella Busck, 1900: 238Nepticulaobscurella Braun, 1912: 95 syn. n.20Stigmellaostryaefoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 54 21NEANepticulaostryaefoliella Clemens, 1861: 83Stigmellahimalayai Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 208 ORStigmellaxystodes  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 328 WP,ORNepticulaxystodes Meyrick, 1916b: 6Nepticulaliochalca Meyrick, 1916b: 6 Nepticulahomophaea Meyrick, 1918b: 181 Stigmellaliochalca  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 328Stigmellahomophaea  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 363Stigmellaallophylica Scoble, 1978b: 97 AFRStigmellaallophylivora Gustafsson, 1985: 167 AFRStigmellaandroflavus Scoble, 1978b: 104 AFRStigmellageneralis Scoble, 1978b: 102 AFRStigmellageranica Scoble, 1978b: 96 AFRStigmellahortorum Scoble, 1978b: 99 AFRStigmellapelanodes  comb. n.22AFRNepticulapelanodes Meyrick, 1920b: 116Stigmellapotgieteri Scoble, 1978b: 99 AFRStigmellasatarensis Scoble, 1978b: 97 AFRStigmellatragilis Scoble, 1978b: 98 AFRStigmellatropicatella Legrand, 1965: 27 23AFRStigmellatriumfettica Scoble, 1978b: 107 AFRStigmelladivina group Stigmelladivina Puplesis, Di\u0161kus & van Nieukerken, 1997: 55 WPStigmellamaculifera Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 212 WPStigmellaskulei Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 213 WPPageBreakAfrican speciesStigmellafluida group Stigmellaingens group Stigmellaabachausi  Scoble, 1978b: 104 AFRNepticulaabachausi Janse, 1948: 162Stigmellaabutilonica Scoble, 1978b: 93 AFRStigmellaampullata Scoble, 1978b: 108 AFRStigmellaangustivalva Scoble, 1978b: 113 AFRStigmellacaliginosa  Scoble, 1983: 43 AFRNepticulacaliginosa Meyrick, 1921b: 140Stigmellaceltifoliella V\u00e1ri, 1955: 338 AFRStigmellacharistis V\u00e1ri, 1963: 71 AFRStigmellaconfinalis Scoble, 1978b: 111 AFRStigmellacrotonica Scoble, 1978b: 100 AFRStigmelladombeyivora Scoble, 1978b: 107 AFRStigmellaficivora Gustafsson, 1985: 170 AFRStigmellafluida  Scoble, 1978b: 94 AFRNepticulafluida Meyrick, 1911a: 236Stigmellagalactacma  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 364 AFRNepticulagalactacma Meyrick, 1924b: 89Stigmellagrewiae Scoble, 1978b: 112 AFRStigmellagustafssoni  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 366 AFRNepticulagustafssoni C\u0103pu\u015fe, 1975: 211Stigmellaingens  Scoble, 1978b: 112 AFRNepticulaingens Meyrick, 1913: 327Stigmellairrorata  Scoble, 1978b: 95 AFRNepticulairrorata Janse, 1948: 168Stigmellaletabensis Scoble, 1978b: 113 AFRStigmellaliota V\u00e1ri, 1963: 73 AFRStigmellamaytenivora Gustafsson, 1985: 174 AFRStigmellanaibabi Mey, 2004: 29 AFRStigmellanigrata  Scoble, 1978b: 106 AFRNepticulanigrata Meyrick, 1913: 326Stigmellapanconista  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 363 AFRNepticulapanconista Meyrick, 1920a: 312Stigmellaparinarella V\u00e1ri, 1955: 337 AFRStigmellaperplexa  Scoble, 1978b: 103 AFRNepticulaperplexa Janse, 1948: 172Stigmellaplatyzona V\u00e1ri, 1963: 67 AFRStigmellaporphyreuta  Scoble, 1978b: 110 AFRNepticulaporphyreuta Meyrick, 1917a: 13PageBreakStigmellapretoriata Scoble, 1978b: 109 AFRStigmellaprotosema  Scoble, 1978b: 109 AFRNepticulaprotosema Meyrick, 1921b: 140Stigmellarhomboivora Gustafsson, 1985: 167 AFRStigmellarhynchosiella V\u00e1ri, 1955: 338 AFRStigmellaurbica  Scoble, 1978b: 103 AFRNepticulaurbica Meyrick, 1913: 326Stigmellauwusebi Mey, 2004: 30 AFRStigmellavarii Scoble, 1978b: 95 AFRStigmellawollofella  Gustafsson, 1985: 174 24AFRNepticulawollofella Gustafsson, 1972: 158Nepticulamandingella Gustafsson, 1972: 157 syn. n.24Stigmellamandingella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 366Stigmellaworcesteri Scoble, 1983: 16 RN for Stigmellapallida Scoble, 1978 AFRStigmellapallida Scoble, 1978b: 105 JSH of Stigmellapallida Australian speciesStigmellaleucargyra  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulaleucargyra Meyrick, 1906b: 57Stigmellasymmora  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulasymmora Meyrick, 1906b: 59Oriental speciesStigmellaaeriventris  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 364 ORNepticulaaeriventris Meyrick, 1932: 312Stigmellaalicia  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 364 ORNepticulaalicia Meyrick, 1928b: 461Stigmellaargyrodoxa  Fletcher, 1933: 83 ORNepticulaargyrodoxa Meyrick, 1918b: 181Stigmellaauxozona  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 365 ORNepticulaauxozona Meyrick, 1934a: 468Stigmellaelachistarcha  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 365 ORNepticulaelachistarcha Meyrick, 1934a: 467Stigmellahoplometalla  Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 215 ORNepticulahoplometalla Meyrick, 1934a: 467Stigmellaipomoeella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 328 ORNepticulaipomoeella Gustafsson, 1976: 45Stigmellaneodora  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 363 ORNepticulaneodora Meyrick, 1918b: 182Stigmellaoligosperma  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 365 ORNepticulaoligosperma Meyrick, 1934a: 468Stigmellapolydoxa  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 363 ORNepticulapolydoxa Meyrick, 1911c: 107PageBreakStigmellarhamnella/lapponica/sanguisorbae clusterStigmellatiliella group Stigmellatiliella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 442 NEANepticulatiliella Braun, 1912: 90Stigmellakimae Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 35 NEOStigmellarhamnella group (new)Stigmellaalaternella  Klimesch, 1948b: 63 WPNepticulaalaternella Le Marchand, 1937: 234Stigmellaarmeniana Puplesis, 1994: 90 WPStigmellacatharticella  Beirne, 1945: 199 WPNepticulacatharticella Stainton, 1853: 3955Stigmellacrenulatae  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 8 WPNepticulacrenulatae Klimesch, 1975c: 2Stigmellakopetdagica Puplesis, 1994: 92 WPStigmellapyrellicola  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 9 WPNepticulapyrellicola Klimesch, 1978b: 264Stigmellarhamnella  Klimesch, 1951b: 56 WPNepticularhamnella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1860: 60Nepticularhamnellavar.rhamnipumilae Klimesch, 1950a: 49Stigmellarhamnophila  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 8 WPNepticularhamnellarhamnophila Amsel, 1934: 317Nepticularhamnophila Amsel & Hering, 1931: 142 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellaklimeschi Puplesis, 1988: 274 EPStigmellakurotsubarai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 15 EPStigmellataigae Puplesis, 1984a: 112 EPStigmellacondaliafoliella  Grossbeck, 1917: 145 NEANepticulacondaliafoliella Busck, 1900: 238Stigmelladiffasciae  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 398 NEANepticuladiffasciae Braun, 1910: 172Stigmellainconspicuella Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 400 NEAStigmellarhamnicola  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 393 NEANepticularhamnella Braun, 1912: 96 JPH of Nepticularhamnella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1860Nepticularhamnicola Braun, 1916: 55 RN for Nepticularhamnella Braun, 1912Stigmellamaya Remeikis & Stonis in NEOStigmellasanguisorbae group Stigmellarosaefoliella group Stigmellamuricatella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 9 WP,EPNepticulamuricatella Klimesch, 1978b: 266PageBreakStigmellapolymorpha Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 183 WPStigmellarolandi van Nieukerken, 1990c: 239 WP,EPStigmellasanguisorbae  Gerasimov, 1952: 258 WPNepticulasanguisorbae Wocke, 1865: 269Stigmellathuringiaca  Gerasimov, 1952: 263 WP,EPNepticulathuringiaca Petry, 1904: 267Nepticulanickerli Rebel in Nickerl, 1908: 116 )Stigmellafasciola Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 185 EPStigmellatrisyllaba Puplesis in EPStigmellarosaefoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 14 25NEANepticularosaefoliella Clemens, 1861: 85Stigmellarosaefoliellarosaefoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 1425Stigmellalapponica group Stigmellamalella group Stigmellaconfusella  V\u00e1ri, 1944a: 215 WP,EP,NEANepticulaconfusella Wood & Walsingham, 1894: 272Stigmellalapponica  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61 WP,EP,NEANepticulalapponica Wocke, 1862: 251Nepticulalapponicella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863c: 23 UENepticulalusatica Sch\u00fctze, 1905: 204 Nepticulavossensis Gr\u00f8nlien, 1928: 217 Stigmellalusatica  Beirne, 1945: 200Stigmellavossensis  Gerasimov, 1952: 269Stigmellamalella  Beirne, 1945: 199 WPNepticulamalella Stainton, 1854: 304Nepticulaangustella Heinemann & Wocke, [1876]: 756 6 Nepticulanigrobrunnella Groschke, 1939: 716 Nepticulanigrobrunella auct. ISSStigmellanigrobrunnella  Hering, 1957: 837Nepticulamalellavar.prunicola Skala, 1939f: 126 NN\u2021 Stigmellamaloidica Puplesis in Puplesis & Arutyunova, 1991: 573 EPStigmellabraunella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 13 NEANepticulabraunella Jones, 1933: 49Stigmellaslingerlandella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 19 NEANepticulaslingerlandella Kearfott, 1908: 187rhamnella/lapponica/sanguisorbae clusterunplaced in Stigmellaboehmeriae Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 54 EPStigmellacostaricensis van Nieukerken & Nishida in NEOStigmellaintronia van Nieukerken & Nishida in NEOPageBreakStigmellaogygia group (new) 26Stigmellaaigialeia Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 17 AUSStigmellaaliena Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 17 AUSStigmellaatrata Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 18 AUSStigmellacassiniae Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 18 AUSStigmellachildi Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 19 AUSStigmellacypracma  Dugdale, 1988: 53 AUSNepticulacypracma Meyrick, 1916c: 419Nepticulaperissopa Meyrick, 1919: 354 Stigmellaperissopa  Dugdale, 1988: 54Stigmellaerysibodea Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 21 AUSStigmellafulva  Dugdale, 1988: 53 AUSNepticulafulva Watt, 1921: 215Stigmellahakekeae Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 22 AUSStigmellahamishella Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 23 AUSStigmellahoheriae Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 24 AUSStigmellailsea Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 25 AUSStigmellainsignis  Dugdale, 1988: 53 AUSNepticulainsignis Philpott, 1927: 89Stigmellakaimanua Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 26 AUSStigmellalaquaeorum  Dugdale, 1988: 53 AUSNepticulalaquaeorum Dugdale, 1971: 117Stigmellalucida  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulalucida Philpott, 1919: 225Stigmellamaoriella  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSTineamaoriella Walker, 1864: 1008Stigmellaogygia  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulaogygia Meyrick, 1889: 187Nepticulaerechtitus Watt, 1924: 686 Stigmellaerechtitus  Dugdale, 1988: 53Stigmellaoriastra  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulaoriastra Meyrick, 1917b: 247Stigmellapalaga Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 31 AUSStigmellaplatina Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 32 AUSStigmellaprogama  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulaprogama Meyrick, 1924a: 662Stigmellaprogonopis  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulaprogonopis Meyrick, 1921c: 336Stigmellapropalaea  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulapropalaea Meyrick, 1889: 187Stigmellasophorae  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulasophorae Hudson, 1939: 469PageBreakStigmellatricentra  Dugdale, 1988: 54 AUSNepticulatricentra Meyrick, 1889: 187Stigmellawatti Donner & Wilkinson, 1989: 35 AUSStigmellaepicosma group (new) 27Stigmellaandina  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulaandina Meyrick, 1915a: 255Stigmellabaccharicola Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellabipartita Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellaconfertae Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellacostalimai  Davis, 1984: 18 28NEONepticulacostalimai Bourquin, 1961: 31Stigmellacuprata  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulacuprata Meyrick, 1915a: 255Stigmellaemarginatae Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellaepicosma  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulaepicosma Meyrick, 1915a: 255Stigmellaguittonae  Davis, 1984: 18 28NEONepticulaguittonae Bourquin, 1961: 32Stigmellahamata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 30 NEOStigmellaimperatoria Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 30 NEOStigmellajohannis  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulajohannis Zeller, 1877: 454Stigmellalatifoliae Remeikis, Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellamarmorea Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 26 NEOStigmellamevia Remeikis & Stonis in Stonis & Remeikis, 2016: 311 NEOStigmellamontanotropica Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 23 NEOStigmellanubimontana Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 24 NEOStigmellaolyritis  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulaolyritis Meyrick, 1915a: 256Stigmellapangorica Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellaperuanica Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 27 NEOStigmellapodanthae Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellaracemifera \u0160imkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 & Stonis in NEOStigmellarubeta Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 24 NEOStigmellarudis Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 26 NEOStigmellaschoorli Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 29 NEOStigmellaserpentina Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellasinuosa Remeikis & Stonis in Stonis & Remeikis, 2016: 310 NEOStigmellatripartita Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellasalicis group Stigmellafuscotibiella group PageBreakStigmellaaiderensis Puplesis, 1988: 277 WPStigmellaarbusculae  Hering, 1957: 930 WPNepticulaarbusculae Klimesch, 1951c: 149Stigmellaassimilella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61 WP,EPNepticulaassimilella Zeller, 1848: 327Nepticulatremulaefoliella Sorhagen, 1922: 48 Stigmellatremulaefoliella  Gerasimov, 1952: 265Lyonetianigricornella Mann in Zeller, 1848: 327 NN\u2021 Stigmellabenanderella  Hering, 1957: 930 WPNepticulabenanderella Wolff, 1955b: 49Nepticulascandicella Jonasson in NN\u2021 Stigmellaflavescens Puplesis, 1994: 131 WP, EPStigmellamyrtillella  V\u00e1ri, 1944a: 215 WPNepticulamyrtillella Stainton, 1857b: 44Nepticulamyrtillellavar.uliginosi Skala, 1941b: 80 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellaobliquella  V\u00e1ri, 1944a: 215 WP,EPNepticulaobliquella Heinemann, 1862b: 316Nepticulawockeella Heinemann, 1871: 223 Nepticuladiversa Glitz, 1872: 24 Stigmellababylonicae Hartig, 1949: 94 Stigmellawockeella  Gerasimov, 1952: 269Stigmellapallidiciliella Klimesch, 1948a: 165 29WPNepticulapurpureae Skala, 1948: 121 Nepticulapallidiciliella  Wolff, 1955a: 86Stigmellasalicis  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60 30WP,EP,NEANepticulasalicis Stainton, 1854: 302Nepticulasalicella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 354 UENepticulasalicivorella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UENepticulauniformis Heinemann, 1871: 210 Nepticuladewitziella Sorhagen, 1885: 285 Nepticulaauritella Skala, 1939f: 128 Stigmellalibiezi Dufrane, 1949: 8 Stigmellauniformis  Gerasimov, 1952: 267Stigmellaauritella  Hering, 1957: 929Nepticulasalicisab.crombruggheella Dufrane, 1930: 30\u2021 Nepticulasalicisab.februella Crombrugghe, 1907: 14\u2021 Nepticulasalicisab.interrupta Skala, 1933a: 32\u2021 Stigmellatrimaculella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61 WP,EPTineatrimaculella Haworth, 1828: 583Lyonetiarufella Zeller, 1839: 215 PageBreakNepticulapopulella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 357 Nepticulaalbicornella Kollar in Nowicki, 1860: 231 Nepticulagilvella R\u00f6ssler, 1867: 395 Nepticulapopulicola Sorhagen, 1922: 88 Stigmellasubtrimaculella Dufrane, 1949: 10 Microsetiatrimaculella  Stephens, 1834: 269Nepticulatrimaculella  Stainton, 1849: 29Nepticularufella  Zeller, 1848: 328Stigmellapopulicola  Gerasimov, 1952: 252Nepticulatrimaculellaab.semipictella Steudel in Steudel & Hoffmann, 1882: 244\u2021 Stigmellavimineticola  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60 WPNepticulavimineticola Frey, 1856: 382Stigmellazelleriella  van Nieukerken, 1983a: 60 WPNepticulazelleriella Snellen, 1875: 116Nepticularepentiella Wolff, 1955a: 82 Nepticulalappovimella Svensson, 1976: 204 Stigmellarepentiella  Hering, 1957: 929Stigmellalappovimella  Svensson, 1985: 78Stigmellaazusa Hirano, 2010: 129 EPStigmellajohanssoni Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 1996c: 181 EPStigmellajuratae Puplesis, 1988: 279 EPStigmellakondarai Puplesis, 1988: 277 EPStigmellasexcornuta Rocien\u0117 & Stonis in Stonis & Rocien\u0117, 2014: 205 EPStigmellatenryuensis Hirano, 2014: 26 EPStigmellatranocrossa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 27 EPStigmellaussurica Puplesis, 1987: 8 Stigmellavittata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 28 EPStigmellafibigeri Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 209 ORStigmellaaromella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 27 NEAStigmellafuscotibiella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 23 NEANepticulafuscotibiella Clemens, 1862: 133Nepticulaciliaefuscella Chambers, 1873: 128 Nepticuladiscolorella Braun, 1912: 86 Stigmellapallida  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 418 NEANepticulapallida Braun, 1912: 85Stigmellapopuletorum  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 26 NEANepticulapopuletorum Frey & Boll, 1878: 276Stigmellamolinensis van Nieukerken & Snyers in NEOPageBreakStigmellaquercipulchella group Stigmellaaltella  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 58 NEANepticulaaltella Braun, 1914: 21Stigmellaquercipulchella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 65 NEANepticulaquercipulchella Chambers, 1882: 105Nepticulaterminella Braun, 1914: 23 Stigmellavariella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 67 NEANepticulavariella Braun, 1910: 173Stigmellaguatemalensis Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOStigmellaanomalella group Stigmellaanomalella  Walsingham, 1908a: 1008 2WP,EP,[NEA]Phalaenaanomalella Goeze, 1783: 168Phalaenagrisearosae Retzius, 1783: 55Tineapenicilla Thunberg, 1794: 88 Tinearosella Schrank, 1802: 139 Nepticulaaeneella Heinemann, 1862a: 254 Nepticulalaticuniculella Sauber, 1904: 55 Stigmellarubicurrens Walsingham, 1908a: 1009 2 Nepticularosarum Sorhagen, 1922: 30 Nepticulazermattensis Weber, 1936: 668 Nepticulahelbigi Hartig, 1941: 160 Stigmellacaulescentella Klimesch, 1948a: 162 29 Stigmellaanomalellapacifica Puplesis, 1987: 10Nepticulaanomalella  Stainton, 1854: 297Dysnepticulaanomalella  B\u00f6rner, 1925: 370Nepticularosella  Sand, 1879: 200Stigmellarosella  Walsingham, 1908a: 10081Stigmellafletcheri  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59Nepticularubicurrens  Rebel, 1910: 373Stigmellarosarum  Gerasimov, 1952: 256Stigmellazermattensis  Gerasimov, 1952: 270Stigmellaanomalellafletcheri  Hering, 1957: 902Stigmellaanomalellahelbigi  Hering, 1957: 902Stigmellacentifoliella  Beirne, 1945: 199 31WP,[NEA]Nepticulacentifoliella Heyden, 1843: 208 NN\u2021 Nepticulacentifoliella Zeller, 1848: 315Nepticulahodgkinsoni Stainton, 1884: 103  Gerasimov, 1952: 243Stigmellaspinosissimae  Beirne, 1945: 198 WP,EPNepticulaspinosissimae Waters, 1928: 105Stigmellahybnerella group Stigmellanitidella group Stigmellaparadoxa group Stigmellairregularis group Stigmellahybnerella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59 WPTineahybnerella H\u00fcbner, 1796: pl. 34: 236Caloptiliaampelipennella H\u00fcbner, [1825]: 427 URNTineaposticella Haworth, 1828: 584 Oecophoragratiosella Duponchel, 1843: 323 Nepticulaignobilella Stainton, 1849: 29 Nepticulalatifasciella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 352 Microsetiaposticella  Stephens, 1834: 269Lyonetia h\u00fcbnerella  Zeller, 1839: 215Nepticulagratiosella  Stainton, 1849: 29Lithocolletisgratiosella  Bruand, [1851]: 86Stigmellagratiosella  Beirne, 1945: 200Stigmellaignobilella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Nepticulaignobiliella auct. ISSStigmellamespilicola  Klimesch, 1948b: 57 Stigmellaariella  Klimesch, 1948b: 57Stigmellairregularis Puplesis, 1994: 61 WPStigmellainopinata A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 1990: 197 WPStigmellaparadoxa  Emmet, 1970: 3 WPNepticulaparadoxa Frey, 1858a: 14Nepticulanitidella Heinemann, 1862a: 257  6Stigmellajuryi Puplesis, 1991: 125  Gerasimov, 1952: 249Stigmellapyrivora Gustafsson, 1981: 457 WPStigmellamalifoliella Puplesis in Puplesis & Arutyunova, 1991: 571 EPStigmellamontana Puplesis, 1991: 126 EPStigmellataeniola  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 382 NEANepticulataeniola Braun, 1925b: 226Stigmellastigmaciella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 38 NEAPageBreakStigmellaincognitella group (new)Stigmellapomella group Stigmellaazaroli  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 13 32WPNepticulaazaroli Klimesch, 1978b: 261Stigmellafuscacalyptriella Puplesis, 1994: 149 WPStigmellaincognitella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 13 WPNepticulaincognitella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 349Nepticulapomella Vaughan, 1858: 43 Nepticulamali Hering, 1932: 568 Stigmellamali  Gerasimov, 1952: 247Stigmellapomella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 58Stigmellaperpygmaeella  Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976: 18 32WPTineapygmaeella Haworth, 1828: 586; JPH of Tineapygmaeella [Denis & Schifferm\u00fcller], 1775), now Argyresthiapygmaeella (Argyresthiidae)Nepticulaperpygmaeella Doubleday, 1859: 36; RN for Tineapygmaeella Haworth, 1828Microsetiapygmaeella  Stephens, 1834: 269Nepticulapygmaeella  Stainton, 1853: 3958Stigmellapygmaeella  Klimesch, 1951b: 55Stigmellaelegantiae Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 210 ORStigmellaoxyacanthella group Stigmellacrataegifoliella group Stigmellacaspica Puplesis, 1994: 109 WPStigmellacrataegella  Klimesch, 1948b: 62 WPNepticulacrataegella Klimesch, 1936: 200Stigmellaindigena Puplesis, 1994: 111  Beirne, 1945: 200 WPNepticuladesperatella Frey, 1856: 374Nepticulapyricola Wocke, 1877: 49  Klimesch, 1951b: 57Stigmellahahniella  Gerasimov, 1952: 241 WPNepticulahahniella W\u00f6rz, 1937: 290Stigmellalanceolata Puplesis, 1994: 111 WPStigmellamagdalenae  Emmet, 1979: 25 33WPNepticulanylandriellavar.magdalenae Klimesch, 1950b: 72Nepticulanylandriella auct.  Stigmellanylandriellamagdalenae  Klimesch, 1961: 752Nepticulamagdalenae Klimesch, 1950b Stigmellaminusculella  Beirne, 1945: 198 WP,[NEA]Nepticulaminusculella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 348Nepticulachalybeia Braun, 1914: 20  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 35Stigmellanylandriella  Beirne, 1945: 200 34WPLyonetianylandriella Tengstr\u00f6m, 1848: 152Nepticulaaucupariae Frey, 1857: 376 Nepticulaaucupariella Porritt, 1883: 172 UENepticulanylandriella  Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855: 359 34Stigmellaaucupariae  Beirne, 1945: 199Stigmellaoxyacanthella  Beirne, 1945: 200 35WP,[NEA]Nepticulaoxyacanthella Stainton, 1854: 298Nepticulaoxyacanthaecolella Doubleday, 1859: 298 URNMicropteryxpomivorella Packard, 1870: 237 syn. n.35Nepticulacotoneastri Sorhagen, 1922: 42  Busck, 1901: 52Stigmellapomivorella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 33Stigmellacotoneastri  Klimesch, 1948b: 60Nepticulachaenomelis Skala, 1936: 79 NNLM \u2021 Nepticulaoxyacanthellavar.mespili Skala, 1940: 144 NNLM\u2021 Nepticulaoxyacanthellavar.oxymalella Skala, 1933b: 130 NNLM\u2021 Nepticulaoxyacanthellavar.oxysorbi Skala, 1933b: 130 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellachaenomelis  Hering, 1957: 275\u2021 Stigmellapyri  V\u00e1ri, 1944a: 214 WPNepticulapyri Glitz, 1865: 42Stigmellaregiella  V\u00e1ri, 1944a: 214 WPNepticularegiella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 351Nepticulacorvimontana Hering, 1935: 6 Stigmellacorvimontana  Gerasimov, 1952: 234Stigmellastettinensis  Gerasimov, 1952: 262 WPNepticulastettinensis Heinemann, 1871: 210Stigmellatorminalis  Beirne, 1945: 200 WPNepticulatorminalis Wood, 1890: 209Stigmellaalaurulenta Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 23 EPStigmellaaurora Puplesis, 1984a: 119 WP,EPStigmellachaenomelae Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 23 EPStigmellacrataegi Gerasimov, 1937: 283 EPStigmellahissariella Puplesis, 1994: 112 EPStigmellahonshui Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 24 EPStigmellamicromelis Puplesis, 1985c: 59 36EPStigmellacrataegivora Puplesis, 1985c: 60 syn. n.36Stigmellanostrata Puplesis, 1984a: 113 EPStigmellasorbivora Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 25 EPPageBreakStigmellazumii Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 26 EPStigmellaamelanchierella  Davis & Wilkinson, 1983: 3 37NEANepticulaamelanchierella Clemens, 1861: 84Stigmellacrataegifoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 30 NEANepticulacrataegifoliella Clemens, 1861: 83Stigmellaheteromelis Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 405 NEAStigmellapurpuratella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 381 38NEANepticulapurpuratella Braun, 1917: 176Stigmellascinanella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 36 syn. n.38Stigmellascintillans  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 33 NEANepticulascintillans Braun, 1917: 167Stigmellaargentifasciella group (new)Stigmellaargentifasciella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 453 NEANepticulaargentifasciella Braun, 1912: 100Stigmellaaurella/ruficapitella cluster39Stigmellastyracicolella group (new)Stigmellastyracicolella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPNepticulastyracicolella Klimesch, 1978b: 267Stigmellaegonokii Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 53 EPStigmellaspeciosa group (new) 39Stigmellakuznetzovi Puplesis, 1994: 152 WPStigmellaspeciosa  Walsingham, 1916: 159 WPNepticulaspeciosa Frey, 1858b: 27Nepticulapseudoplatanella Weber, 1936: 671 Stigmellapseudoplatanella  Gerasimov, 1952: 254Nepticulaacerisvar.pseudoplatanella Skala, 1933b: 132 NNLM\u2021 Nepticulaspeciosavar.monspessulani Skala, 1939d: 144 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellalonicerarum  Gerasimov, 1952: 246 WPNepticulalonicerarum Frey, 1857: 383Nepticulalonicerarumvar.lentinensis Skala, 1935: 79 Nepticulalonicerarumvar.livonica Skala, 1935: 79 Nepticulalonicerarumvar.teutonica Skala, 1935: 79 Stigmellamonticulella Puplesis, 1984a: 114 40EPStigmellagracilipae Hirano, 2014: 22 syn. n.40Stigmellaaurella group  39Stigmellalediella group PageBreakStigmellaaeneofasciella  Gerasimov, 1952: 222 WPNepticulaaeneofasciella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 353Nepticulaaeneofasciata Frey, 1856: 376 UEStigmellaaurella  Walsingham, 1908a: 1009 2WPTineaaurella Fabricius, 1775: 666Nepticulafragariella Heinemann, 1862a: 263 Nepticulanitens Fologne, 1862: 164 Nepticulagei Wocke, 1871: 336 Nepticulaalbicomella Heinemann & Wocke, [1876]: 748 6 Nepticulafruticosella M\u00fcller-Rutz in Vorbrodt & M\u00fcller-Rutz, 1914: 591 Microsetiaaurella  Stephens, 1834: 268Nepticulaaurella  Heyden, 1843: 209Stigmellafragariella  V\u00e1ri, 1944a: 214Stigmellanitens  V\u00e1ri, 1944a: 214Stigmellagei  Gerasimov, 1952: 240Stigmellafruticosella  Gerasimov, 1952: 240Nepticulageiab.semicolorella Eppelsheim, 1891: 351 NNLM\u2021 Nepticulageivar.geirubi Skala, 1940: 143 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellaauromarginella  Gerasimov, 1952: 229 WPNepticulaauromarginella Richardson, 1890: 30Stigmelladryadella  Klimesch, 1951b: 58 WPNepticuladryadella Hofmann, 1868: 29Stigmellafilipendulae  Gerasimov, 1952: 238 41WP,EPNepticulafilipendulae Wocke, 1871: 338Nepticulaulmariae Wocke, 1879: 79  Gerasimov, 1952: 266Stigmellageimontani  Klimesch, 1961: 754 WPNepticulageimontani Klimesch, 1940b: 89Stigmellalediella  Gerasimov, 1952: 245 42WP,EPNepticulalediella Schleich, 1867: 449Stigmellamagica Puplesis, 1985c: 63 Stigmellarhododendri Puplesis, 1985c: 65 Stigmellasesplicata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 36 syn. n.42Nepticulalediellaab.auromarginata Petersen, 1930\u2021 Stigmellarhododendrifolia Dovnar-Zapolski & Tomilova, 1978: 29 NNLM; syn. n.42\u2021 Stigmellapoterii  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59 WPNepticulapoterii Stainton, 1857c: 116Nepticulapoteriella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UEPageBreakNepticulacomari Wocke, 1862: 253 Nepticulageminella Frey, 1870: 288 Nepticulapalustrella Frey, 1870: 287 Nepticulaoccultella Heinemann, 1871: 215 Nepticula tengstr\u00f6mi Nolcken, 1871: 776 Nepticulapotentillae Glitz, 1872: 24 Nepticuladiffinis Wocke, 1874: 100 Nepticulaserella Stainton, 1888a: 260 Nepticulaelisabethella Sz\u0151cs, 1957: 321 Stigmellacomari  Gerasimov, 1952: 234Stigmellageminella  Gerasimov, 1952: 240Stigmellaoccultella  Gerasimov, 1952: 250Stigmellatengstroemi  Gerasimov, 1952: 263Stigmelladiffinis  Gerasimov, 1952: 236Stigmellaserella  Gerasimov, 1952: 259Stigmellapretiosa  Gerasimov, 1952: 253 WPNepticulapretiosa Heinemann, 1862a: 261Nepticulabollii Frey, 1873: 144 Stigmellageimontanitatrensis Borkowski, 1970b: 546 Stigmellabollii  Gerasimov, 1952: 231Stigmellasplendidissimella  Klimesch, 1951b: 58 WPNepticulasplendidissimella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 353Nepticulasplendidissima Frey, 1856: 393 UENepticuladulcella Heinemann, 1862a: 267 Nepticulainaequalis Heinemann, 1862b: 302 Nepticulafragarivora Carolsfeld-Krause, 1944: 158 Stigmelladulcella  Gerasimov, 1952: 237Stigmellainaequalis  Gerasimov, 1952: 244Stigmellafragarivora  Hering, 1957: 455Nepticulapeterseniella Skala, 1941b: 78 NN \u2021 Stigmellafragarivorapeterseniella  Hering, 1957: 455\u2021 Stigmellastelviana  Klimesch, 1948b: 67 WPNepticulastelviana Wocke, 1881: 205 NN\u2021 Nepticulastelviana Weber, 1938: 5Nepticulacrantziella Weber, 1945: 401 Stigmellacrantziella  Klimesch, 1948b: 69Stigmellatormentillella  Gerasimov, 1952: 264 WPNepticulatormentillella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1860: 60Stigmellaacrochaetia Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 31 EPStigmellaalikurokoi Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 31 EPPageBreakStigmellaichigoiella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 35 EPStigmellalongispina Puplesis, 1994: 166 43WP,EPStigmellaspiculifera Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 37 44EPStigmellaoa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 52 syn. n.44Stigmellavillosella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 410 NEANepticulavillosella Clemens, 1861: 84Nepticuladallasiana Frey & Boll, 1876: 288 Stigmellasorbi group  36Stigmellaamygdali group Stigmellaamygdali  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 13 WPNepticulaamygdali Klimesch, 1978b: 264Stigmellacerasi Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 1996b: 178 WPStigmellaplagicolella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60 WPNepticulaplagicolella Stainton, 1854: 303Nepticulaplagicolellavar.avianella Skala, 1934c: 30 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellaplagicolellaavianella  Hering, 1957: 839 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellasorbi  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60 WP,EPNepticulasorbi Stainton, 1861: 91Nepticulasorbiella Porritt, 1883: 171 UENepticulasorbivar.cotoneastrella Weber, 1936: 670Stigmellacotoneastrella  Hering, 1957: 338Nepticulaplagicolellavar.malicola Skala, 1939d: 95 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellaplagicolellamalicola  Hering, 1957: 664 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellaaflatuniae Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 1996b: 180 EPStigmellaazukinashii Hirano, 2014: 25 EPStigmellahamamelella Hirano, 2014: 20 EPStigmellalurida Puplesis, 1994: 132 45EPStigmellamotiekaitisi Puplesis, 1994: 135 WP,EPStigmellapourthiaeella Hirano, 2014: 24 EPStigmellasubsorbi Puplesis, 1994: 134 EPStigmellatenebrica Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 214 ORStigmellalemniscella group (new) 39Stigmellamarginicolella group Stigmellacontinuella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59 WP,EPNepticulacontinuella Stainton, 1856: 42Stigmellauigurica Puplesis, 1985c: 62 Stigmellalemniscella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 11 WPLyonetialemniscella Zeller, 1839: 215Nepticulamarginicolella Stainton, 1853: 3958 Nepticulasuberosella Toll, 1934b: 76 Nepticulafulvomacula Skala, 1936: 79 PageBreakNepticulalemniscella  Zeller, 1848: 313Stigmellamarginicolella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 59Stigmellafulvomacula  Gerasimov, 1952: 239Stigmellazagulaevi Puplesis, 1994: 139 WPStigmellagimmonella  Kuroko, 1982a: 448 EPNepticulagimmonella Matsumura, 1931: 1114Stigmellatalassica Puplesis in EPStigmellaapicialbella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 413 NEANepticulaapicialbella Chambers, 1873: 127Nepticulaleucostigma Braun, 1912: 88 Stigmellafloslactella group  39Stigmellacarpinella  Gerasimov, 1952: 232 WPNepticulacarpinella Heinemann, 1862a: 251Stigmellafloslactella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61 WPTineafloslactella Haworth, 1828: 585Nepticulasaxatilella Gr\u00f6nlien, 1932: 114 Microsetiafloslactella  Stephens, 1834: 268Nepticulafloslactella  Stainton, 1849: 29Stigmellasaxatilella  Gerasimov, 1952: 258Stigmellafloslactellaf.interrupta Dufrane, 1949: 10\u2021 Stigmellajohanssonella A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 1997: 70 WPStigmellatityrella  Hering, 1957: 439 WPNepticulatityrella Stainton, 1854: 304Nepticulaturicella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 355 Nepticulaturicensis Frey, 1856: 391 UENepticulacastanella Stainton, 1859a: 123 Nepticulahemargyrella auct. [misapplied] Stigmellaturicella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Stigmellacastanella  Gerasimov, 1952: 232Stigmellaruficapitella group - s.l.  39Stigmellahemargyrella group Stigmellaprocrastinella group Stigmellacastanopsiella group Stigmellahemargyrella  Gerasimov, 1952: 242 WPOecophorahemargyrella Kollar, 1832: 98Nepticulabasalella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 354 Nepticulafagella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 354 PageBreakNepticulafagi Frey, 1856: 384 Nepticulanobilella Heinemann & Wocke, [1876]: 755 6 Nepticulafulgens Stainton, 1888b: 12 Nepticulatityrella auct. [misapplied] Lyonetiahemargyrella  Zeller, 1839: 215Nepticulahemargyrella  Zeller, 1848: 323Stigmellabasalella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Stigmellacastanopsiella  Kuroko, 1982a: 448 EPNepticulacastanopsiella Kuroko, 1978: 1Stigmellakurokoi Puplesis, 1984b: 594 EPStigmellavalvaurigemmata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 45 Stigmellalithocarpella van Nieukerken & Liu, 2000: 169 EPStigmellavandrieli van Nieukerken & Liu, 2000: 171 EPStigmellacircumargentea van Nieukerken & Liu, 2000: 165 EPStigmellakao van Nieukerken & Liu, 2000: 166 EP,ORStigmellaalba Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 73 NEAStigmellaprocrastinella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 70 NEANepticulaprocrastinella Braun, 1927: 59Stigmellahumboldti Remeikis & Stonis, 2015: 412 46NEOStigmellaruficapitella group - s.s.  39Stigmellaatricapitella group Stigmellacaesurifasciella group Stigmellasuberivora group Stigmellaatricapitella  Beirne, 1945: 198 WPTineaatricapitella Haworth, 1828: 585Nepticuladiscrepans Sorhagen, 1922: 41 Microsetiaatricapitella  Stephens, 1834: 269Nepticulaatricapitella  Stainton, 1849: 28Stigmelladiscrepans  Gerasimov, 1952: 237Stigmellabasiguttella  V\u00e1ri, 1944b: xxv WPNepticulabasiguttella Heinemann, 1862a: 258Stigmellacerricolella Klimesch, 1948a: 160 29 Nepticulacerricolella  Johansson, 1971: 253Nepticulabasiguttellacerricolella  Johansson, 1971: 253Stigmellabicuspidata van Nieukerken & Johansson, 2003: 341 WPStigmellacocciferae van Nieukerken & Johansson, 2003: 329 WPStigmelladorsiguttella  Pr\u00f6se, 1984: 107 WPNepticuladorsiguttella Johansson, 1971: 251Stigmellaeberhardi  Kasy, 1979: 4 WPNepticulaeberhardi Johansson, 1971: 258PageBreakStigmellafasciata van Nieukerken & Johansson, 2003: 321 WPStigmellailicifoliella  G\u00f3mez Bustillo, 1981: 18 WPNepticulailicifoliella Mendes, 1918: 127Stigmellailicivoranigra Dufrane, 1955: 192 Stigmellakarsholti van Nieukerken & Johansson, 2003: 343 WPStigmellamacrolepidella  van Nieukerken, 1986b: 13 WPNepticulamacrolepidella Klimesch, 1978b: 257Stigmellaroborella  Emmet, 1976: 241 WPNepticularoborella Johansson, 1971: 258Nepticularuficapitella auct. partim before 1971Stigmellaruficapitella  Beirne, 1945: 198 WPTinearuficapitella Haworth, 1828: 586Tineaviolacella Haworth, 1828: 585 Microsetiaruficapitella  Stephens, 1834: 269Nepticularuficapitella  Stainton, 1849: 28Microsetiaviolaceella  Stephens, 1834: 269Nepticulalamprotornella Heyden in Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855b: 69 NN \u2021 Nepticularuficapitellavar.ruficastaneae Skala, 1949: 129 NNLM\u2021 Stigmellasamiatella  V\u00e1ri, 1950: 180 47WPLyonetiasamiatella Zeller, 1839: 215Nepticulachaoniella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863b: 170 NOsyn. n.47Nepticulaquercella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863a: 23 NN  47Nepticulasamiatella  Zeller, 1848: 303Stigmellasuberivora  Beirne, 1945: 197 WPNepticulasuberivora Stainton, 1869b: 228Nepticulaaureocapitella Milli\u00e8re, 1876 Nepticulaaureocaputella Milli\u00e8re, 1876: 374 IOSNepticulailicivora Peyerimhoff, 1871: 413 Nepticulailicella Walsingham, 1891: 152 Stigmellailicivora  Gerasimov, 1952: 244Stigmellailicella  Le Marchand, 1946b: 284Stigmellasvenssoni  Emmet, 1976: 243 WPNepticulasvenssoni Johansson, 1971: 249Stigmellaszoecsiella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 13 WPNepticulaszoecsiella Borkowski, 1972b: 776Stigmellatristis  Gerasimov, 1952: 265 WPNepticulatristis Wocke, 1862: 251Stigmellatrojana Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 1998: 313 WPStigmellazangherii  Zangheri, 1969: 1014 WPNepticulazangherii Klimesch, 1951d: 61PageBreakStigmellaacuta Di\u0161kus, Navickait\u0117 & Remeikis in EPStigmellaaladina Puplesis, 1984a: 115 EPStigmellaquercifaga Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 44 Stigmellaazuminoensis Hirano, 2010: 125 EPStigmellacaesurifasciella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 38 EPStigmellaegregilustrata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 39 Stigmellaclisiotophora Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 48 EPStigmellacrenatiella Hirano, 2010: 125 EPStigmelladentatae Puplesis, 1984a: 114 EPStigmellapulla Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 43 Stigmellafervida Puplesis, 1984b: 593 EPStigmellafumida Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 42 EPStigmellachrysopterella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 48 Stigmellakurii Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 51 Stigmellahisaii Kuroko, 2004: 238 EPStigmellahisakoae Hirano, 2010: 126 EPStigmellakasyi van Nieukerken & Johansson, 2003: 331 EPStigmellaomelkoi Puplesis, 1984b: 593 EPStigmellakumatai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 50 Stigmellabarbata group Stigmellaplumosetaeella Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 455 NEAStigmellaaustroamericana Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 25 NEOStigmellabarbata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 37 NEOStigmellapurpurimaculae group  Rungs, 1979: 25 WPNepticulaarbatella Chr\u00e9tien, 1922: 373Stigmellageorgiana Puplesis, 1994: 165 WPPageBreakStigmellagrandistyla Puplesis, 1994: 113 WPStigmellabrutea Remeikis & Stonis in NEOStigmellahylomaga  Davis, 1984: 18 NEONepticulahylomaga Meyrick, 1931a: 415Stigmellapruinosa Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 38 NEOStigmellapseudodigitata Remeikis & Stonis in NEOStigmellasemilactea Remeikis & Stonis in NEOOzadelpha van Nieukerken in TS/OD: Ozadelphaconostegiae van Nieukerken & Nishida, 2016)Ozadelphaconostegiae van Nieukerken & Nishida in NEOOzadelphaguajavae  NEOEnteuchaguajavae Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 22Ozadelphaovata  NEOStigmellaovata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 39Roscidotoga Hoare, 2000a: 293 Roscidotogacallicomae Hoare, 2000a: 295  stat. n.Casanovulabrevipalpa  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvabrevipalpa Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 27Casanovulaminotaurus  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvaminotaurus Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 29Menurella Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 35  stat. n.Menurellaacmenae  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvaacmenae Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 41Menurellaanazona  comb. n.AUSNepticulaanazona Meyrick, 1906b: 58Pectinivalvaanazona  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellafuneralis  comb. n.AUSNepticulafuneralis Meyrick, 1906b: 59Pectinivalvafuneralis  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellalibera  comb. n.  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellaplanetis  comb. n.AUSNepticulaplanetis Meyrick, 1906b: 58Pectinivalvaplanetis  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellaprimigena  comb. n.AUSNepticulaprimigena Meyrick, 1906b: 58Pectinivalvaprimigena  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellaquintiniae  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvaquintiniae Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 47Menurellascotodes  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvascotodes Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 37Menurellatrepida  comb. n.AUSNepticulatrepida Meyrick, 1906b: 61Pectinivalvatrepida  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellatribulatrix  comb. n.AUSPectinivalvatribulatrix van Nieukerken & Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 48Menurellawarburtonensis  comb. n.AUSNepticulawarburtonensis Wilson, 1939: 239Pectinivalvawarburtonensis  Nielsen, 1996: 16Menurellaxenadelpha  comb. n.ORPectinivalvaxenadelpha van Nieukerken & Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 44Pectinivalva Scoble, 1983: 12Pectinivalvacaenodora  Nielsen, 1996: 16  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulachalcitis Meyrick, 1906b: 60Pectinivalvacommoni Scoble, 1983: 13 AUSPectinivalvaendocapna  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulaendocapna Meyrick, 1906b: 60Pectinivalvagilva  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulagilva Meyrick, 1906b: 59Pectinivalvamelanotis  Nielsen, 1996: 16 AUSNepticulamelanotis Meyrick, 1906b: 59Pectinivalvamystaconota Hoare in Hoare & van Nieukerken, 2013: 20 AUSNeotrifurcula van Nieukerken, 2016 in TS/OD: Neotrifurculagielisorum van Nieukerken, 2016)Neotrifurculagielisorum van Nieukerken, 2016 in NEOPageBreakHesperolyra van Nieukerken, 2016 in TS/OD: Fomoriadiskusi Puplesis & Robinson, 2000)Fomoriamolybditis group Puplesis et al., 2002Hesperolyradiskusi  NEOFomoriadiskusi Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 43Hesperolyramolybditis  NEONepticulamolybditis Zeller, 1877: 453Stigmellamolybditis  Davis, 1984: 18Fomoriamolybditis  Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 43Hesperolyrarepanda  NEOFomoriarepanda Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 26Hesperolyrasaopaulensis van Nieukerken, 2016 in NEOBohemannia Stainton, 1859a: 439 Scoliaula Meyrick, 1895: 727; URN for Bohemannia Stainton, 1859 Bohemanniaaschaueri Fischer, 2013: 88 WP\u2020Bohemanniabutzmanni Fischer, 2013: 86 WP\u2020Bohemanniaauriciliella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 16 Stigmellaauriciliella  Lhomme, [1963]: 1192Bohemanniapulverosella  van Nieukerken, 1982: 105 48WP,EP,[NEA]Trifurculapulverosella Stainton, 1849: 30Bohemanniapiotra Puplesis, 1984b: 586 syn. n.48Nepticulapulverosella  Meyrick, 1895: 726Stigmellapulverosella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61Dechtiriapulverosella  Beirne, 1945: 206Ectoedemiapulverosella  Scoliaulapulverosella  Borkowski, 1975: 489Nepticulacineretella Frey in Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855b: 70 NN \u2021 Bohemanniaquadrimaculella  Stainton, 1859a: 439 49WPNepticulaquadrimaculella Boheman, 1853: 167Bucculatrixantispilella Meess, 1907: 129  49Scoliaulaquadrimaculella  Meyrick, 1895: 727Trifurculaquadrimaculella  Johansson, 1971: 246Bohemanniaussuriella Puplesis, 1984b: 588 EPBohemanniamanschurella Puplesis, 1984b: 587 50EPPageBreakBohemannianipponicella Hirano, 2010: 129 syn. n.50Bohemannianubila Puplesis, 1985c: 69 EPBohemanniasuiphunella Puplesis, 1984b: 588 EPAreticulata Scoble, 1983: 11 (key), 40 Areticulataleucosideae Scoble, 1983: 40 AFRGlaucolepis Braun, 1917: 161 (key), 201 Fedalmia Beirne, 1945: 207  Sinopticula Yang, 1989: 79 [81]  Glaucolepisraikhonae group Glaucolepismelanoptera  Puplesis, 1994: 219 WPTrifurculamelanoptera van Nieukerken & Puplesis, 1991Glaucolepisoishiella  comb. n.51EPTrifurculaoishiella Matsumura, 1931: 1114Sinopticulasinica Yang, 1989: 80 syn. n.51Trifurculasinica  van Nieukerken & Puplesis, 1991: 205Glaucolepissinica  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 404Glaucolepisraikhonae Puplesis, 1985c: 71 EPTrifurcularaikhonae  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 68Glaucolepissaccharella group (new)Glaucolepissaccharella  Braun, 1917: 201 NEANepticulasaccharella Braun, 1912: 97Trifurculasaccharella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 68Glaucolepisheadleyella group Glaucolepisalbiflorella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculaalbiflorella Klimesch, 1978b: 274Glaucolepisalypella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculaalypella Klimesch, 1975c: 12Glaucolepisandalusica  comb. n.WPTrifurculaandalusica Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 2007: 102Glaucolepisbleonella  Puplesis, 1994: 219 WPNepticulableonella Chr\u00e9tien, 1904: 164Stigmellableonella  Gerasimov, 1952: 231Ectoedemiableonella  Klimesch, 1975a: 861Trifurculableonella  Leraut, 1980: 49Glaucolepisbupleurella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPNepticulabupleurella Chr\u00e9tien, 1907: 91PageBreakStigmellabupleurella  Gerasimov, 1952: 232Ectoedemiabupleurella  Klimesch, 1975a: 863Trifurculabupleurella  Leraut, 1980: 49Glaucolepischretieni  comb. n.WPTrifurculachretieni Z. La\u0161t\u016fvka, A. La\u0161t\u016fvka & van Nieukerken, 2013: 198Glaucolepiscorleyi  comb. n.WPTrifurculacorleyi Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 2007: 102Glaucolepisglobulariae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculaglobulariae Klimesch, 1975c: 7Glaucolepishamirella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 52WPNepticulahamirella Chr\u00e9tien, 1915: 364Ectoedemiahamirella  Klimesch, 1975a: 863Trifurculahamirella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 15Glaucolepissaturejae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 52WPStigmellasaturejae Parenti, 1963: 101Fedalmiasaturejae  Klimesch, 1976: 45Trifurculasaturejae  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 15Glaucolepisheadleyella  Puplesis, 1994: 219 WPNepticulaheadleyella Stainton, 1854: 298Nepticulaargyrostigma Frey, 1856: 379 Nepticuladubiella Hauder, 1912: 273 Trifurcularodella Svensson, 1982: 299 Fedalmiaheadleyella  Beirne, 1945: 207Stigmellaheadleyella  Klimesch, 1948b: 76Trifurculaheadleyella  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmelladubiella  Klimesch, 1948b: 76Glaucolepishelladica  comb. n.WPTrifurculahelladica Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 2007: 101Glaucolepisistriae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculaistriae A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 2000a: 290Glaucolepiskalavritana  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 407 WPTrifurculakalavritana : 314Glaucolepislavandulae  comb. n.WPTrifurculalavandulae Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 2007: 104Glaucolepisliskai  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 407 WPTrifurculaliskai A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 2000a: 291Glaucolepislituanica  comb. n.  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 407 53WPTrifurculamagna : 132Trifurculacollinella Nel, 2012: 24 syn. n.53Glaucolepismegaphallus  comb. n.WPTrifurculamegaphallus van Nieukerken, Z. La\u0161t\u016fvka & A. La\u0161t\u016fvka in Z. Glaucolepismicromeriae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPStigmellamicromeriae Walsingham, 1908a: 10101Nepticulamicromeriae  Rebel, 1910: 374Trifurculamicromeriae  Klimesch, 1977: 196Glaucolepismontana  comb. n.WPTrifurculamontana Z. La\u0161tuvka, A. La\u0161tuvka & van Nieukerken in Z. & A. La\u0161tuvka, 2007: 103Glaucolepispederi  comb. n.WPTrifurculapederi Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 2007: 102Glaucolepisrosmarinella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPNepticularosmarinella Chr\u00e9tien, 1914: 270Stigmellarosmarinella  Gerasimov, 1952: 256Trifurcularosmarinella  Klimesch, 1975b: 23Glaucolepissalicinae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculasalicinae Klimesch, 1975c: 10Glaucolepissalvifoliae  comb. n.WPTrifurculasalvifoliae Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 2007: 103Glaucolepissanctaecrucis  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPStigmellasanctaecrucis Walsingham, 1908a: 10101Nepticulasanctaecrucis  Rebel, 1910: 374Fedalmiasanctaecrucis  Klimesch, 1976: 44Trifurculasanctaecrucis  Klimesch, 1977: 196Glaucolepissanctibenedicti  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculasanctibenedicti Klimesch, 1979: 24Glaucolepissiciliae  comb. n.WPTrifurculasiciliae Z. La\u0161t\u016fvka, A. La\u0161t\u016fvka & van Nieukerken, 2013: 201Glaucolepisstoechadella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculastoechadella Klimesch, 1975c: 23Glaucolepisteucriella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPNepticulateucriella Chr\u00e9tien, 1914: 270Stigmellateucriella  Gerasimov, 1952: 263Trifurculateucriella  Leraut, 1980: 49Glaucolepisthymi  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPNepticulathymi Sz\u0151cs, 1965: 89PageBreakFedalmiathymi Borkowski, 1970a: 74; JSH of Nepticulathymi Sz\u0151cs, 1965Trifurculathymi  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 15Glaucolepistrilobella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 WPTrifurculatrilobella Klimesch, 1978b: 271Glaucolepiszollikofferiela  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 405 WPNepticulazollikofferiela Chr\u00e9tien, 1914: 271Stigmellazollikofferiela  Gerasimov, 1952: 270Ectoedemiazollikofferiela  Klimesch, 1975a: 862Trifurculazollikofferiela  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 15Glaucolepisrusticula  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 406 ORNepticularusticula Meyrick, 1916b: 7Trifurcularusticula  online comb.Unassigned to group54Glaucolepisaerifica  Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 56 NEONepticulaaerifica Meyrick, 1915a: 255Stigmellaaerifica  Davis, 1984: 18Trifurculaaerifica  online comb.Glaucolepisargentosa Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 57 54NEOTrifurculaargentosa  online comb.Trifurcula Zeller, 1848: 249 (key), 330 : Trifurculapallidella Zeller, 1848)Trifurcella Chambers, 1878: 165 ISSLevarchama Beirne, 1945: 206  Trifurculacryptella group (new)Trifurculaanthyllidella Klimesch, 1975c: 14 WPTrifurculacryptella  Johansson, 1971: 246 WPNepticulacryptella Stainton, 1856: 41Nepticulatrifolii Sorhagen, 1885: 280 Stigmellacryptella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61Levarchamacryptella  Beirne, 1945: 207Trifurculaeurema  Johansson, 1971: 246 WPNepticulaeurema Tutt, 1899: 332Nepticulaheurema Meess, 1910: 481 UENepticuladorycniella Suire, 1928: 128 Nepticulagozmanyi Sz\u0151cs, 1959: 417 Levarchamaeurema  Beirne, 1945: 207Stigmellaeurema  Klimesch, 1951b: 66Stigmellaheurema  Gerasimov, 1952: 243Stigmelladorycniella  Klimesch, 1951b: 66PageBreakTrifurculamanygoza van Nieukerken, A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka in van Nieukerken, 2007b: 125 WPTrifurculaortneri  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 15 WPNepticulaortneri Klimesch, 1951b: 66Stigmellaortneri  Klimesch, 1961: 763Trifurculapeloponnesica van Nieukerken, 2007b: 118 WPTrifurcularidiculosa  Klimesch, 1975b: 15 WPStigmellaridiculosa Walsingham, 1908a: 10111Nepticularidiculosa  Rebel, 1910: 364Trifurculasubnitidella group Trifurculacoronillae van Nieukerken, 1990b: 217 WPTrifurculaiberica van Nieukerken, 1990b: 228  van Nieukerken & Johansson, 1987: 462 WPElachistasubnitidella Duponchel, 1843: 326Trifurculagriseella Wolff, 1957: 21 Lyonetiasubnitidella  Duponchel, 1844: 378Nepticulasubnitidella  Zeller, 1848: 305Trifurculavictoris van Nieukerken, 1990b: 219 WPTrifurculapallidella group Trifurculaaurella Rebel, 1933: 82 WPTrifurculaaustriaca van Nieukerken, 1990b: 213 WPTrifurculabaldensis A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 2005a: 8 WPTrifurculabeirnei Puplesis, 1984a: 124 WPTrifurculabicolorella  comb. n.55WPBucculatrixbicolorella Chr\u00e9tien, 1915: 364Trifurculacalycotomella A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 1997: 148 WPTrifurculachamaecytisi A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 1994: 207 WPTrifurculacorothamni A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 1994: 202 WPTrifurculacytisanthi A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 2005a: 8 WPTrifurculaetnensis A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 2005a: 7 WPTrifurculagraeca Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 1998: 315 WPTrifurculaimmundella  Zeller, 1848: 332 WPLyonetiaimmundella Zeller, 1839: 215Trifurculamacedonica Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 1998: 315 WPTrifurculamoravica A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 1994: 205 WPTrifurculaorientella Klimesch, 1953a: 168 WPPageBreakTrifurculapallidella  Joannis, 1915: 129 WPOecophorapallidella Duponchel, 1843: 339Trifurculapallidella Zeller, 1848: 332; JSH of Trifurculapallidella Lithocolletispallidella  Bruand, [1851]: 86Trifurculaincognitella Toll, 1936: 409 no genus] pallidulella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1853: pl 108 NN\u2021 Muhabbetanagrandinosa group (new)Muhabbetanafurcella  comb. n.AFREctoedemiafurcella Scoble, 1983: 24Fomoriafurcella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanagrandinosa  comb. n.AFRPageBreakNepticulagrandinosa Meyrick, 1911a: 236Ectoedemiagrandinosa  Scoble, 1983: 21Fomoriagrandinosa  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 386Muhabbetanaguerkiae  comb. n.AFREctoedemiaguerkiae Scoble, 1983: 22Fomoriaguerkiae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanajupiteri  comb. n.AFREctoedemiajupiteri Scoble, 1983: 25Fomoriajupiteri  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanamacrochaeta  comb. n.AFRNepticulamacrochaeta Meyrick, 1921b: 140Ectoedemiamacrochaeta  Scoble, 1983: 23Fomoriamacrochaeta  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanamaritima  comb. n.AFREctoedemiamaritima Scoble, 1983: 24Fomoriamaritima  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanascabridae  comb. n.AFREctoedemiascabridae Scoble, 1983: 24Fomoriascabridae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanasimiicola  comb. n.AFREctoedemiasimiicola Scoble, 1983: 22Fomoriasimiicola  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanastimulata  comb. n.AFRNepticulastimulata Meyrick, 1913: 326Ectoedemiastimulata  Scoble, 1983: 21Fomoriastimulata  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 386Muhabbetanaumdoniella  comb. n.AFREctoedemiaumdoniella Scoble, 1983: 24Fomoriaumdoniella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanawilkinsoni  comb. n.AFREctoedemiawilkinsoni Scoble, 1983: 21Fomoriawilkinsoni  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanaeuphorbiella group (new)Muhabbetanaeuphorbiella  comb. n.WPNepticulaeuphorbiella Stainton, 1869b: 229Nepticulatergestina Klimesch, 1940a: 79 Stigmellaeuphorbiella  Gerasimov, 1952: 238Ectoedemiaeuphorbiella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 17Fomoriaeuphorbiella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 384Stigmellatergestina  Hering, 1957: 434Ectoedemiatergestina  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 17PageBreakMuhabbetanajubae  comb. n.WPStigmellajubae Walsingham, 1908a: 1011 2Nepticulajubae  Rebel, 1910: 364Trifurculajubae  Klimesch, 1977: 197Ectoedemiajubae  van Nieukerken, 1986b: 17Fomoriajubae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 384Muhabbetananigrifasciata  comb. n.WPStigmellanigrifasciata Walsingham, 1908a: 1011 2Nepticulanigrifasciata  Rebel, 1910: 364Dechtirianigrifasciata  Klimesch, 1972: 1Trifurculanigrifasciata  Klimesch, 1977: 200Fomorianigrifasciata  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Ectoedemianigrifasciata  van Nieukerken, 1986b: 17Muhabbetanavincamajorella  comb. n.WPNepticulavincamajorella Hartig, 1964: 8Fomoriavincamajorella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Ectoedemiavincamajorella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 17Muhabbetana \u2013 unplaced speciesMuhabbetanabicarina  comb. n.AFREctoedemiabicarina Scoble, 1983: 27Fomoriabicarina  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanacapensis  comb. n.AFREctoedemiacapensis Scoble, 1983: 28Fomoriacapensis  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanacraspedota  comb. n.AFRStigmellacraspedota V\u00e1ri, 1963: 73Ectoedemiacraspedota  Scoble, 1983: 27Fomoriacraspedota  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 388Muhabbetanacrispae  comb. n.AFREctoedemiacrispae Scoble, 1983: 31Fomoriacrispae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 390Muhabbetanadenticulata  comb. n.AFREctoedemiadenticulata Scoble, 1983: 26Fomoriadenticulata  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanadigitata  comb. n.AFREctoedemiadigitata Scoble, 1983: 27Fomoriadigitata  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanagymnosporiae  comb. n.AFRStigmellagymnosporiae V\u00e1ri, 1955: 334Ectoedemiagymnosporiae  Scoble, 1983: 29Fomoriagymnosporiae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 388Muhabbetanainsulata  comb. n.AFRPageBreakNepticulainsulata Meyrick, 1911b: 79Ectoedemiainsulata  Scoble, 1983: 29Fomoriainsulata  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 388Muhabbetanakowynensis  comb. n.AFREctoedemiakowynensis Scoble, 1983: 30Fomoriakowynensis  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanalimburgensis  comb. n.AFREctoedemialimburgensis Scoble, 1983: 28Fomorialimburgensis  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetananigrisquama  comb. n.AFREctoedemianigrisquama Scoble, 1983: 26Fomorianigrisquama  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetananylstroomensis  comb. n.AFREctoedemianylstroomensis Scoble, 1983: 30Fomorianylstroomensis  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Muhabbetanapsarodes  comb. n.AFRStigmellapsarodes V\u00e1ri, 1963: 70Ectoedemiapsarodes  Scoble, 1983: 29Fomoriapsarodes  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 388Muhabbetanarhabdophora  comb. n.AFREctoedemiarhabdophora Scoble, 1983: 31Fomoriarhabdophora  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 390Muhabbetanaroyenicola  comb. n.AFRStigmellaroyenicola V\u00e1ri, 1955: 335Ectoedemiaroyenicola  Scoble, 1983: 25Fomoriaroyenicola  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 388Muhabbetanasubnitescens  comb. n.AFRTrifurculasubnitescens Meyrick, 1937: 90Ectoedemiasubnitescens  Scoble, 1983: 28Fomoriasubnitescens  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 387Muhabbetanaundatae  comb. n.AFREctoedemiaundatae Scoble, 1983: 27Fomoriaundatae  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 389Parafomoria Borkowski, 1975: 498 Parafomoria van Nieukerken, 1983b: 454 JH of Parafomoria Borkowski, 1975Parafomorialiguricella group (new)Parafomorialadaniphila  van Nieukerken, 1983b: 468 WPNepticulaladaniphila Mendes, 1910a: 102Stigmellaladaniphila  Klimesch, 1948a: 170PageBreakEctoedemialadaniphila  G\u00f3mez Bustillo, 1981: 19Parafomorialiguricella  van Nieukerken, 1983b: 466 29WPStigmellaliguricella Klimesch, 1948a: 170 29Parafomoriatingitella  van Nieukerken, 1983b: 469 WPNepticulatingitella Walsingham, 1904: 8Stigmellatingitella  Gerasimov, 1952: 264Parafomoriahelianthemella group (new)Parafomoriacistivora  van Nieukerken, 1983b: 458 WPNepticulacistivora Peyerimhoff, 1871: 414Stigmellacistivora  Suire, 1951: 71Parafomoriafumanae A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 2005b: 15 WPParafomoriahalimivora van Nieukerken, 1985a: 24 WPParafomoriahelianthemella  Borkowski, 1975: 498  Klimesch, 1948a: 171Trifurculahelianthemella  Leraut, 1980: 49Parafomoriapseudocistivora van Nieukerken, 1983b: 460 WPEtainia Beirne, 1945: 208 Obrussa Braun, 1915: 196 JH of Obrussa Heyden, 1891 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)  Etainiaalbibimaculella  Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 1996a: 5 WP,NEANepticulaalbibimaculella Larsen, 1927: 5Stigmellaalbibimaculella  Hering, 1957: 112Trifurculaalbibimaculella  Johansson, 1971: 246Ectoedemiaalbibimaculella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 16Etainiabiarmata Puplesis, 1994: 233 WPEctoedemiabiarmata  van Nieukerken & La\u0161t\u016fvka, 2002: 89Etainiadecentella  Beirne, 1945: 207 WPNepticuladecentella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 358Nepticulamonspessulanella J\u00e4ckh, 1951: 171 Stigmelladecentella  Gerasimov, 1952: 234Trifurculadecentella  Johansson, 1971: 246Ectoedemiadecentella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 16Stigmellamonspessulanella  Hering, 1957: 19Etainialeptognathos Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 1996a: 44 WPEctoedemialeptognathos  van Nieukerken & La\u0161t\u016fvka, 2002: 89Etainialouisella  WPNepticulalouisella Sircom, 1849: XIIIPageBreakNepticulasphendamni Hering, 1937: 561 Ectoedemialouisella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 16Stigmellasphendamni  Klimesch, 1951b: 64Trifurculasphendamni  Johansson, 1971: 246Etainiasphendamni  Etainiaobtusa Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 1996a: 46 WPEctoedemiaobtusa  Krenek, 2000: 36Etainiasericopeza  Beirne, 1945: 207 Nepticulaacerella Goureau, 1860: xxiii Nepticulasericopeza  Heyden, 1843: 209Stigmellasericopeza  Walsingham, 1916: 160Trifurculasericopeza  Johansson, 1971: 246Obrussasericopeza  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 101Ectoedemiasericopeza  van Nieukerken, 1986b: 16Lyonetiasericopezella  Duponchel, 1844: 378Stigmellasericopezaf.palliolella Le Marchand, 1944: 358\u2021 Etainiacapesella  Puplesis, 1994: 232 EPObrussacapesella Puplesis in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 39Ectoedemiacapesella  Hirano, 2013: 93Etainiapeterseni  Puplesis, 1994: 231 EPObrussapeterseni Puplesis in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 41Ectoedemiapeterseni  Hirano, 2013: 92Etainiasabina  Puplesis, 1994: 231 EPObrussasabina Puplesis in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 43Ectoedemiasabina  online comb.Etainiatrifasciata  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 408 59EPNepticulatrifasciata Matsumura, 1931: 1114Obrussatigrinella Puplesis in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 40 syn. n.59Stigmellatrifasciata  Kuroko, 1982a: 448Ectoedemiatrifasciata  Hirano, 2013: 93Ectoedemiatigrinella  Hirano, 2013: 92Etainiatigrinella  Puplesis, 1994: 232Etainiacrypsixantha  V\u00e1ri & Kroon, 1986: 153 AFRNepticulacrypsixantha Meyrick, 1918a: 43Obrussacrypsixantha  Scoble, 1983: 17Ectoedemiacrypsixantha  online comb.Etainiakrugerensis  V\u00e1ri & Kroon, 1986: 153 AFRObrussakrugerensis Scoble, 1983: 19Ectoedemiakrugerensis  online comb.Etainianigricapitella  V\u00e1ri & Kroon, 1986: 153 AFRPageBreakNepticulanigricapitella Janse, 1948: 170Obrussanigricapitella  Scoble, 1983: 18Ectoedemianigricapitella  online comb.Etainiazimbabwiensis  V\u00e1ri & Kroon, 1986: 153 AFRObrussazimbabwiensis Scoble, 1983: 18Ectoedemiazimbabwiensis  online comb.Etainiaochrefasciella  Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 1996a: 4 NEANepticulaochrefasciella Chambers, 1873: 128Obrussaochrefasciella  Braun, 1915: 196Ectoedemiaochrefasciella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 19Acalyptris Meyrick, 1921a: 410 Microcalyptris Braun, 1925b: 224  Weberia M\u00fcller-Rutz, 1934a: 122 JH of Weberia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Tachinidae)  Niepeltia Strand, 1934: 241; RN for Weberia M\u00fcller-Rutz, 1934 Weberina M\u00fcller-Rutz, 1934b: Errata, 148; RN for Weberia M\u00fcller-Rutz, 1934 Acalyptrisscirpi group (new)Acalyptrisbicornutus  Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 53 NEAMicrocalyptrisbicornutus Davis, 1978: 212Acalyptrisbipinnatellus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 16 NEAMicrocalyptrisbipinnatellus Wilkinson, 1979: 75Acalyptrislotella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 397 NEAMicrocalyptrislotella Wagner, 1987: 278Acalyptrispunctulata  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 393 NEANepticulapunctulata Braun, 1910: 174Microcalyptrispunctulata  Wilkinson, 1979: 71Acalyptrisscirpi  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 393 NEAMicrocalyptrisscirpi Braun, 1925b: 225Acalyptristhoracealbella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 393 NEAMicrocalyptristhoracealbella  Davis, 1978: 214Nepticulathoracealbella Chambers, 1873: 127Nepticulabadiocapitella Chambers, 1876: 160 Acalyptristenuijuxtus  Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 51 NEA,NEOMicrocalyptristenuijuxtus Davis, 1978: 216Acalyptrisbasicornis Remeikis & Stonis in NEOAcalyptrisbasihastatus Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 29 NEOAcalyptrisbifidus Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 50 NEOPageBreakAcalyptrisbovicorneus Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 45 NEOAcalyptriscaribbicus Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOAcalyptrisdominicanus Remeikis & Stonis in Stonis & Remeikis, 2015: 85 NEOAcalyptrisfortis Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 47 NEOAcalyptrishispidus Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 48 NEOAcalyptrisjanzeni van Nieukerken & Nishida in NEOAcalyptrislascuevella Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 49 NEOAcalyptrislaxibasis Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 52 NEOAcalyptrismartinheringi Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 46 NEOAcalyptrisnigrisignum Remeikis & Stonis in Stonis & Remeikis, 2015: 79 NEOAcalyptrisnovenarius Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 48 NEOAcalyptrisparadividua \u0160imkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 & Stonis in NEOAcalyptrispeteni Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOAcalyptrispseudohastatus Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 30 NEOAcalyptrisstatuarius Di\u0161kus & Stonis in NEOAcalyptristerrificus \u0160imkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 & Stonis in NEOAcalyptristrifidus Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 50 NEOAcalyptristrigonijuxtus Remeikis & Stonis in Stonis & Remeikis, 2015: 83 NEOAcalyptrisunicornis Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 51 NEOAcalyptrisstaticis group Acalyptrislesbia van Nieukerken & Hull in van Nieukerken, 2007a: 22 WPAcalyptrislimoniastri van Nieukerken, 2007a: 23 WPAcalyptrislimonii Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 1998: 314 WPAcalyptrismaritima A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 1997: 119 WPAcalyptrispyrenaica A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 1993: 158 WPAcalyptrisstaticis  van Nieukerken, 1986b: 14 WPStigmellastaticis Walsingham, 1908a: 1009 1Nepticulastaticis  Rebel, 1910: 373Acalyptrispsammophricta group (new)Acalyptrisrepeteki group Acalyptrisfalkovitshi  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 60WP,EPMicrocalyptrisfalkovitshi Puplesis, 1984c: 499Microcalyptristuranicus Puplesis, 1984c: 497 Microcalyptrisvittatus Puplesis, 1984c: 491 syn. n.60Microcalyptrisarenosus Falkovitsh, 1986: 168 syn. n.60Acalyptristuranicus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14Acalyptrisvittatus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14Acalyptrisarenosus  Puplesis, 1990: 66Acalyptrisgalinae  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WP,EPPageBreakMicrocalyptrisgalinae Puplesis, 1984c: 502Microcalyptrisgalinaemesasiaticus Puplesis, 1984c: 503Acalyptrisgalinaemesasiaticus  Puplesis, 1990: 84Acalyptrispallens  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WP,EPMicrocalyptrispallens Puplesis, 1984c: 501Acalyptrispsammophricta Meyrick, 1921a: 410 WP,EP,ORMicrocalyptrislvovskyi Puplesis, 1984c: 494 Acalyptrislvovskyi  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14Acalyptrisrepeteki  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPMicrocalyptrisrepeteki Puplesis, 1984c: 494Acalyptristurcomanicus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPMicrocalyptristurcomanicus Puplesis, 1984c: 499Acalyptrisshafirkanus group Acalyptrisbrevis Puplesis, 1990: 86 WPAcalyptrisdesertellus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPMicrocalyptrisdesertellus Puplesis, 1984c: 493Acalyptrisegidijui Puplesis, 1990: 87 WPAcalyptriskizilkumi  Puplesis, 1990: 86 WP,EPMicrocalyptriskizilkumi Falkovitsh, 1986: 167Acalyptrispiculus Puplesis, 1990: 85 EPAcalyptrisshafirkanus  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPMicrocalyptrisshafirkanus Puplesis, 1984c: 493Acalyptrisvannieukerkeni Puplesis, 1994: 218 WPAcalyptrisplatani group Acalyptrisgielisi van Nieukerken, 2010: 500 WPAcalyptrisloranthella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPNepticulaloranthella Klimesch, 1937: 33Stigmellaloranthella  Klimesch, 1948b: 78Weberinaloranthella  Sz\u0151cs, 1978: 268Niepeltialoranthella  van Achterberg, 1983: 30Acalyptrisminimella  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14 WPTrifurculaminimella Rebel, 1926: (110)Weberinalentiscella Groschke, 1944: 117 Nepticulaminimella ; Klimesch, 1953a: 162 JSH of Nepticulaminimella Chambers, 1873Niepeltialentiscella  Hering, 1957: 781Niepeltiaminimella  Scoble, 1980a: 207Acalyptrispistaciae van Nieukerken, 2007a: 14 WPAcalyptrisplatani  van Nieukerken, 1986a: 14  Strand, 1934: 241Weberinaplatani  M\u00fcller-Rutz, 1934b: slipTrifurculaplatani  Klimesch, 1978a: 253Acalyptrisacontarcha  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 393 ORNepticulaacontarcha Meyrick, 1926: 295Stigmellaacontarcha  Fletcher, 1933: 82Acalyptrisauratilis Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 219 ORAcalyptrisclinomochla  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 394 ORNepticulaclinomochla Meyrick, 1934a: 468Trifurculaclinomochla  Gustafsson, 1976: 49Niepeltiaclinomochla  Scoble, 1980a: 216Acalyptrisheteranthes  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 393 ORNepticulaheteranthes Meyrick, 1926: 296Acalyptrismelanospila  Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 218 ORNepticulamelanospila Meyrick, 1934a: 468Acalyptrisnigripexus Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003: 220 ORAcalyptrisacumenta  AFRNiepeltiaacumenta Scoble, 1980b: 213Acalyptrisbispinata  AFRNiepeltiabispinata Scoble, 1980b: 213Acalyptriscombretella  AFRStigmellacombretella V\u00e1ri, 1955: 332Niepeltiacombretella  Scoble, 1980a: 206Acalyptrisfagarivora  AFRStigmellafagarivora V\u00e1ri, 1955: 334Niepeltiafagarivora  Scoble, 1980a: 209Acalyptrisfulva  AFRNiepeltiafulva Scoble, 1980b: 214Acalyptrisfuscofascia  AFRNiepeltiafuscofascia Scoble, 1980b: 210Acalyptriskrooni  AFRNiepeltiakrooni Scoble, 1980b: 212Acalyptriskrugeri  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 394 AFRStigmellakrugeri V\u00e1ri, 1963: 71Acalyptrislanneivora  AFRStigmellalanneivora V\u00e1ri, 1955: 332Niepeltialanneivora  Scoble, 1980a: 215Acalyptrislorantivora  AFRNepticulalorantivora Janse, 1948: 169Niepeltialorantivora  Scoble, 1980a: 211Acalyptrislundiensis  AFRNiepeltialundiensis Scoble, 1980b: 214Acalyptrismariepsensis  AFRPageBreakNiepeltiamariepsensis Scoble, 1980b: 214Acalyptrismolleivora  AFRNiepeltiamolleivora Scoble, 1980b: 207Acalyptrisobliquella  AFRNiepeltiaobliquella Scoble, 1980b: 209Acalyptrispundaensis  AFRNiepeltiapundaensis Scoble, 1980b: 211Acalyptrisrubiaevora  AFRNiepeltiarubiaevora Scoble, 1980b: 208Acalyptrissellata  AFRNiepeltiasellata Scoble, 1980b: 213Acalyptrisumdoniensis  AFRNiepeltiaumdoniensis Scoble, 1980b: 210Acalyptrisvacuolata  AFRNiepeltiavacuolata Scoble, 1980b: 215Acalyptrisvepricola  AFRStigmellavepricola V\u00e1ri, 1963: 68Niepeltiavepricola  Scoble, 1983: 44Acalyptrisvumbaensis  AFRNiepeltiavumbaensis Scoble, 1980b: 207Acalyptriszeyheriae  AFRNiepeltiazeyheriae Scoble, 1980b: 208Acalyptrislatipennata group Acalyptrisdividua Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 54 NEOAcalyptrisecuadoriana Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 27 NEOAcalyptrislatipennata  Puplesis et al., 2002: 66 NEOFomorialatipennata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 45Acalyptrisonorei Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 28 NEOAcalyptrisunplaced 61Acalyptrisdistaleus  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 395 61NEAMicrocalyptrisdistaleus Wilkinson, 1979: 78Acalyptrispostalatratus  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 395 NEAMicrocalyptrispostalatratus Wilkinson, 1979: 77Acalyptrisamazonius Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 32 NEOAcalyptrisarticulosus Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 30 NEOAcalyptrisinsolentis Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 33 NEOAcalyptrisplatygnathos Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 54 NEOAcalyptrisrotundus Puplesis & Di\u0161kus in Puplesis et al., 2002: 31 NEOAcalyptrisyucatani Remeikis & Stonis in NEOZimmermannia Hering, 1940: 266  62PageBreakEctoedemiacastaneae group Zimmermanniaamani  comb. n.WP,EPEctoedemiaamani Svensson, 1966: 200Ectoedemiaemendata Puplesis, 1985c: 69 Trifurculaamani  Johansson, 1971: 245Zimmermanniaatrifrontella  comb. n. Ectoedemiaatrifrontella  Klimesch, 1953b: 191Ectoedemiaheringiella  Klimesch, 1953b: 191Zimmermanniahispanica  comb. n.WPEctoedemiahispanica van Nieukerken, 1985b: 22Zimmermannialiebwerdella  Hering, 1940: 266 WPEctoedemialiebwerdella Zimmermann, 1940: 264Zimmermannialiguricella  comb. n.WPEctoedemialiguricella Klimesch, 1953b: 194Zimmermannialongicaudella  comb. n.WPEctoedemialongicaudella Klimesch, 1953b: 193Stigmellapeiuii Neme\u015f, 1972: 153 Trifurculalongicaudella  Johansson, 1971: 245Zimmermanniamonemvasiae  comb. n.WPEctoedemiamonemvasiae van Nieukerken, 1985b: 23Zimmermanniareichli  comb. n.WPEctoedemiareichli Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 1998: 316Zimmermanniavivesi  comb. n.WPEctoedemiavivesi A. La\u0161tuvka, Z. La\u0161tuvka & van Nieukerken in Zimmermanniaadmiranda  comb. n.EPEctoedemiaadmiranda Puplesis, 1984b: 588Zimmermannianuristanica  comb. n.EPEctoedemianuristanica van Nieukerken, 1985b: 25Zimmermanniasivickisi  comb. n.EPEctoedemiasivickisi Puplesis, 1984b: 590Ectoedemialaura Puplesis, 1985c: 68 Zimmermanniabosquella  stat rev., comb. n.62NEANepticulabosquella Chambers, 1878a: 106Nepticulabosqueella Chambers, 1878b: 157 ISSEctoedemiacastaneae Busck, 1913: 103 syn. n.62Ectoedemiaheinrichi Busck, 1914: 149 syn. n.62Ectoedemiahelenella Wilkinson, 1981: 105 syn. n.62Ectoedemiabosquella  Braun, 1917: 200Opostegabosqueella  PageBreakEctoedemiaobrutella sensu Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 72 [misapplied]Zimmermanniagrandisella  comb. n.62NEANepticulagrandisella Chambers, 1880a: 193Ectoedemiachloranthis Meyrick, 1928b: 462 syn. n.62Ectoedemiaacanthella Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 75 syn. n.62Ectoedemiagrandisella  Wilkinson, 1981: 96Zimmermanniamesoloba  comb. n.62NEAEctoedemiamesoloba Davis, 1978: 209Ectoedemiacoruscella Wilkinson, 1981: 99 syn. n.62Zimmermanniaobrutella  comb. n.62NEATrifurculaobrutella Zeller, 1873: 316Ectoedemiapiperella Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 77 syn. n.62Ectoedemiareneella Wilkinson, 1981: 104 syn. n.62Ectoedemiaobrutella  Busck, 1913: 103Zimmermanniaphleophaga  comb. n.NEAEctoedemiaphleophaga Busck, 1914: 3Ectoedemia Busck, 1907: 97 Dechtiria Beirne, 1945: 204  Ectoedemiacommiphorella group Ectoedemiacommiphorella Scoble, 1978a: 82 AFREctoedemiaexpeditionis Mey, 2004: 30 AFREctoedemiamauni Scoble, 1979: 36 AFREctoedemianigrimacula  Scoble, 1978a: 84 AFRNepticulanigrimacula Janse, 1948: 171Ectoedemiatersiusi Mey, 2004: 31 AFREctoedemiaterebinthivora group Ectoedemiaterebinthivora  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 63 WPTrifurculaterebinthivora Klimesch, 1975c: 19Ectoedemiapopulella group Ectoedemiaintimella  WPNepticulaintimella Zeller, 1848: 323Stigmellaintimella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61Dechtiriaintimella  Beirne, 1945: 205Trifurculaintimella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiainsularis Puplesis, 1985c: 68 63EPEctoedemiasinevi Puplesis, 1985c: 67 64EPEctoedemiapopulella Busck, 1907: 98 NEAEctoedemiahannoverella  Borkowski, 1972a: Fig. WP,EPGlitz, 182 BorkowsPageBreakNepticulahannoverella Glitz, 1872: 25Stigmellahannoverella  Klimesch, 1951b: 64Trifurculahannoverella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiacanutus Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 81 NEAEctoedemiaturbidella  65WPNepticulaargyropezavar.turbidella Zeller, 1848: 321argyropeza Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1853: pl106 NN\u2021 [no genus] Nepticulaargyropezella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 357 UENepticulapopuli-albae Hering, 1935: 7 Stigmellamarionella Ford, 1950: 39  V\u00e1ri, 1950: 182Stigmellaturbidella  Klimesch, 1951b: 64Trifurculaturbidella  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmellapopulialbae  Gerasimov, 1952: 252Ectoedemiapopulialbae  Borkowski, 1975: 495Ectoedemiaalbida Puplesis, 1994: 179 WPEctoedemiaklimeschi  Borkowski, 1975: 495 Stigmellaklimeschi  Gerasimov, 1952: 244Ectoedemiaargyropeza  WP,EP,[NEA]Lyonetiaargyropeza Zeller, 1839: 215Lyonetiaargyropezella Duponchel, 1844: 378 UENepticulaapicella Stainton, 1854: 300  6Nepticulaargyropezella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UENepticulaturbulentella Wocke, 1861: 129 URNNepticulasimplicella Heinemann, 1862b: 319 Ectoedemiaargyropezadownesi Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 80Nepticulaargyropeza  Zeller, 1848: 320Stigmellaargyropeza  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61Dechtiriaargyropeza  Emmet, 1971a: 243Trifurculaargyropeza  Johansson, 1971: 245Nepticulaargyropezaab.houzeaui Dufrane, 1942: 11\u2021 Nepticulaargyropezaab.morosella Steudel in Steudel & Hoffmann, 1882: 244\u2021 Ectoedemiasubbimaculella group - satellite taxa Ectoedemiapreisseckeri group Ectoedemiaarisi Puplesis, 1984a: 120 EPEctoedemiascoblei Puplesis, 1984a: 122 EPEctoedemiachristopheri Puplesis, 1985c: 69; RN for Ectoedemiawilkinsoni Puplesis, 1984a EPPageBreakEctoedemiawilkinsoni Puplesis, 1984a: 122; JPH of Ectoedemiawilkinsoni Scoble, 1983Ectoedemiatrinotata  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 46 NEANepticulatrinotata Braun, 1914: 18Ectoedemiaphilipi Puplesis, 1984b: 590 EPEctoedemiapreisseckeri  Borkowski, 1975: 493 WP,EPNepticulapreisseckeri Klimesch, 1941: 162Stigmellapreisseckeri  Hering, 1957: 1092Ectoedemiaquadrinotata  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 95 NEANepticulaquadrinotata Braun, 1917: 168Ectoedemiasubbimaculella group Ectoedemiagilvipennella  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 45 29WPStigmellagilvipennella Klimesch, 1948a: 168 29Nepticulagilvipennella  Sz\u0151cs, 1968: 228Ectoedemiaquinquella  WPMicrosetiaquinquella Bedell, 1848: 1986Nepticulaquinquella  Stainton, 1849: 29Dechtiriaquinquella  Beirne, 1945: 206Stigmellaquinquella  Gerasimov, 1952: 255Trifurculaquinquella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiacoscoja van Nieukerken, A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 2010: 45 WPEctoedemiaalgeriensis van Nieukerken, 1985b: 44 WPEctoedemialeucothorax van Nieukerken, 1985b: 46 WPEctoedemiaharaldi  Klimesch, 1975a: 864 WPNepticulaharaldi Soffner, 1942: 56Stigmellaprinophyllella Le Marchand, 1946: 285 Stigmellaharaldi  Hering, 1957: 867Trifurculaharaldi  Leraut, 1980: 49Ectoedemiapseudoilicis Z. La\u0161tuvka & A. La\u0161tuvka, 1998: 317 WPEctoedemiailicis  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 48 WPNepticulailicis Mendes, 1910b: 164Stigmellailicis  Gerasimov, 1952: 243Ectoedemiaheringella  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 49 WPNepticulaheringella Mariani, 1939: 5Stigmellaheringella  Hering, 1957: 868Nepticulaheringellaf.alliatae Mariani, 1939: 7\u2021 Ectoedemiaalnifoliae van Nieukerken, 1985b: 50 WPEctoedemiaaligera Puplesis, 1985c: 67 EPEctoedemiaermolaevi Puplesis, 1985c: 68 EPEctoedemiacerviparadisicola Sato in EPEctoedemiamaculata Puplesis, 1987: 11 EPEctoedemiarufifrontella  van Nieukerken, 1987a: 142 WPPageBreakTrifurcularufifrontella Caradja, 1920: 161Nepticulanigrosparsella Klimesch, 1940b: 91 Stigmellanigrosparsella  Klimesch, 1948a: 170Ectoedemianigrosparsella  Kasy, 1983: 5Ectoedemiaalbifasciella complex  (next 4 species)Ectoedemiapubescivora  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 55 WPNepticulapubescivora Weber, 1937: 212Stigmellapubescivora  Klimesch, 1948b: 73Trifurculapubescivora  Kasy, 1979: 4Ectoedemiaalbifasciella  WPNepticulaalbifasciella Heinemann, 1871: 222Nepticulasubapicella Stainton, 1886: 238 Dechtiriaalbifasciella  Beirne, 1945: 205Stigmellaalbifasciella  Klimesch, 1951b: 66Trifurculaalbifasciella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiacontorta van Nieukerken, 1985b: 55 WPEctoedemiacerris  Sz\u0151cs, 1978: 266 WPNepticulacerris Zimmermann, 1944: 121Nepticulamontissancti Skala, 1948: 121 Stigmellacerris  Hering, 1957: 866Ectoedemiasubbimaculella complex  (next 4 species)Ectoedemiasubbimaculella  WPTineasubbimaculella Haworth, 1828: 583Microsetianigrociliella Stephens, 1829: 208 NN \u2021 Microsetianigrociliella Stephens, 1834: 267 Nepticulacursoriella Heyden, 1843: 209 NN \u2021 Nepticulacursoriella Zeller, 1848: 326 Nepticulabistrimaculella Heyden, 1861: 40 Microsetiasubbimaculella  Stephens, 1829: 208Nepticulasubbimaculella  Stainton, 1849: 29Stigmellasubbimaculella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 61Dechtiriasubbimaculella  Beirne, 1945: 206Trifurculasubbimaculella  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmellabistrimaculella  Gerasimov, 1952: 231Ectoedemiaphyllotomella  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 62 29WPStigmellaphyllotomella Klimesch, 1948a: 166 29Ectoedemiaheringi  Borkowski, 1975: 491 WPNepticulaheringi Toll, 1934a: 3Nepticulaquercifoliae Toll, 1934b: 71 Nepticulasativella Klimesch, 1936: 208 Nepticulazimmermanni Hering, 1942: 26 Stigmellaheringi  Hering, 1957: 867PageBreakTrifurculaheringi  Kasy, 1979: 4Stigmellasativella  Klimesch, 1948b: 74Stigmellaquercifoliae  Hering, 1957: 867Ectoedemiaquercifoliae  Stigmellazimmermanni  Klimesch, 1951a: 65Trifurculazimmermanni  Kasy, 1979: 4Ectoedemiazimmermanni  Sz\u0151cs, 1981: 210Ectoedemialiechtensteini  Sz\u0151cs, 1978: 266 WPNepticulaliechtensteini Zimmermann, 1944: 119Stigmellaliechtensteini  Hering, 1957: 866Ectoedemiaplatanella group Ectoedemiasimilella  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 56 NEANepticulasimilella Braun, 1917: 188Ectoedemiaplatanella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 89 NEANepticulaplatanella Clemens, 1861: 83Nepticulamaximella Chambers, 1873: 126 Ectoedemiaclemensella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 86 NEANepticulaclemensella Chambers, 1873: 125Ectoedemiavirgulae  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 59 NEANepticulavirgulae Braun, 1927: 198Ectoedemiaornatella group Ectoedemiaivinskisi Puplesis, 1984a: 120 EPEctoedemiaolvina Puplesis, 1984a: 119 EPEctoedemiaornatella Puplesis, 1984a: 120 EPEctoedemiasuberis group Ectoedemiachasanella Puplesis, 1984a: 124 EPEctoedemiaaegilopidella  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 42 WPTrifurculaaegilopidella Klimesch, 1978b: 269Ectoedemiacaradjai  Sz\u0151cs, 1981: 211 WPNepticulacaradjai Groschke, 1944: 118Stigmellacaradjai  Klimesch, 1951b: 65Trifurculacaradjai  Klimesch, 1978a: 250Ectoedemiaandalusiae van Nieukerken, 1985b: 41 WPEctoedemiasuberis  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 40 WPNepticulasuberis Stainton, 1869b: 229Nepticulaviridella Mendes, 1910b: 165 Stigmellasuberis  Gerasimov, 1952: 262Stigmellaviridella  Gerasimov, 1952: 260Ectoedemiaphaeolepis van Nieukerken, A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 2010: 38 WPPageBreakEctoedemiahendrikseni A. La\u0161tuvka, Z. La\u0161tuvka & van Nieukerken in WPEctoedemiaheckfordi van Nieukerken, A. La\u0161tuvka & Z. La\u0161tuvka, 2010: 34 WPEctoedemiaortiva Rocien\u0117 & Stonis, 2013: 76 EPEctoedemiaparaortiva Rocien\u0117 & Stonis in Stonis & Rocien\u0117, 2013: 210 EPEctoedemiaangulifasciella group Ectoedemiaoccultella group Ectoedemiahexapetalae  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 68 WPNepticulautensisvar.hexapetalae Sz\u0151cs, 1957: 322Nepticulahexapetalae Sz\u0151cs, 1957 Trifurculahexapetalae  Kasy, 1980: 47Ectoedemiarosae van Nieukerken & Berggren, 2011: 182 WPEctoedemiarosiphila Puplesis in EPEctoedemiamarmaropa  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 49 NEANepticulamarmaropa Braun, 1925b: 225Ectoedemiaspiraeae Gregor & Povolny, 1983: 174 66WP,EP?Stigmellaspireae Gregor & Povolny, 1955: 124 NNLM\u2021 Nepticulaspireae  Sz\u0151cs, 1968: 229 NNLM\u2021 Ectoedemiajacutica Puplesis, 1988: 26 66EPEctoedemiaagrimoniae  WPNepticulaagrimoniae Frey, 1858c: 44Nepticulaagrimoniae Hofmann, 1858: 188Nepticulaagrimoniella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1860: 60 UEDechtiriaagrimoniae  Beirne, 1945: 205Stigmellaagrimoniae  Gerasimov, 1952: 224Trifurculaagrimoniae  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmellaagrimoniella  Le Marchand, 1946a: 217Nepticulaagrimomella R\u00f6ssler, 1881: 337 ISS\u2021 Ectoedemianyssaefoliella  Wilkinson & Newton, 1981: 67 NEANepticulanyssaefoliella Chambers, 1880b: 66Ectoedemiapilosae Puplesis, 1984a: 123 EPEctoedemiapicturata Puplesis, 1985c: 65 EPEctoedemiaminimella  van Nieukerken, 1985b: 80 67WP,EP,NEAElachistaminimella Zetterstedt, 1839: 1011Nepticulawoolhopiella Stainton, 1887: 262 Nepticulacanadensis Braun, 1917: 185 syn. n.67Nepticulaviridicola Weber, 1938: 211 Nepticulavividicola Weber, 1938: 211 IOSStigmellawoolhopiella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Dechtiriawoolhopiella  Beirne, 1945: 205Trifurculawoolhopiella  Johansson, 1971: 245PageBreakEctoedemiawoolhopiella  Borkowski, 1975: 493Ectoedemiamediofasciella auct. [misapplied] Trifurculamediofasciella auct. [misapplied] Karsholt & Nielsen, 1976: 18Stigmellaviridicola  Klimesch, 1948b: 70Stigmellacanadensis  Davis & Wilkinson, 1983: 3Ectoedemiacanadensis  Wilkinson, 1981: 94Ectoedemiaoccultella  Robinson & Nielsen, 1983: 221 68WP,EP,NEAPhalaenaoccultella Linnaeus, 1767: 899Tineastrigilella Thunberg, 1794: 87 Tineamucidella H\u00fcbner, 1817: pl. 65: Fig. 435 Tineamediofasciella Haworth, 1828: 584 Lyonetiaargentipedella Zeller, 1839: 215 Nepticulaflexuosella Fologne, 1859: 140 Nepticulalindquisti Freeman, 1962: 899  68Elachistamucidella  Treitschke, 1833: 179Lyonetiamucidella  Duponchel, 1844: 378Nepticulaargentipedella  Heyden, 1843: 209Stigmellaargentipedella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Dechtiriaargentipedella  Beirne, 1945: 205Ectoedemiaargentipedella  Trifurculaargentipedella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemialindquisti  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 83Microsetiamediofasciella  Stephens, 1829: 208Ectoedemiaangulifasciella  WPNepticulaangulifasciella Stainton, 1849: 29Nepticulaschleichiella Frey, 1870: 286 Nepticulabrunniella Sauber, 1904: 55 Nepticulautensis Weber, 1937: 669 Nepticulaminorella Zimmermann, 1944: 118 Stigmellaangulifasciella  V\u00e1ri, 1944b: xxvDechtiriaangulifasciella  Beirne, 1945: 205Trifurculaangulifasciella  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmellaschleichiella  Gerasimov, 1952: 259Stigmellautensis  Klimesch, 1948b: 72Stigmellaminorella  Klimesch, 1961: 739Ectoedemiarubivora complex  WP,EPNepticulaarcuatella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 354Nepticulaarcuosella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UEStigmellaarcuatella  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Dechtiriaarcuatella  Beirne, 1945: 206Trifurculaarcuatella  Johansson, 1971: 245PageBreakEctoedemiaatricollis  WP,EPNepticulaatricollis Stainton, 1857a: 112Nepticulaatricolella Doubleday, 1859: 36 UENepticulaaterrima Wocke, 1865: 270 Nepticulastaphyleae Zimmermann, 1944: 117 Stigmellaatricollis  V\u00e1ri, 1944b: xxvDechtiriaatricollis  V\u00e1ri, 1951: 197Trifurculaatricollis  Johansson, 1971: 245Stigmellaaterrima  Gerasimov, 1952: 228Stigmellastaphyleae  Hering, 1957: 1027Ectoedemiastaphyleae  Borkowski, 1975: 493Nepticulamalivora Toll, 1934b: 70 NNLM \u2021 Nepticulaatricollisvar.aterrimoides Skala, 1940: 143 NNLM \u2021 Nepticulaatricollisvar.prunivora Skala, 1941b: 77 NNLM\u2021 Ectoedemiarubivora  WPNepticularubivora Wocke, 1860: 132Stigmellarubivora  Fletcher & Clutterbuck, 1945: 60Dechtiriarubivora  Beirne, 1945: 205Trifurcularubivora  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiaspinosella  WPNepticulaspinosella Joannis, 1908: 328Ectoedemiaalbiformae Puplesis & Di\u0161kus, 2003a: 186  Klimesch, 1951b: 62Dechtiriaspinosella  Emmet, 1971b: 244Trifurculaspinosella  Johansson, 1971: 245Ectoedemiamahalebella  Sz\u0151cs, 1978: 266 WPNepticulamahalebella Klimesch, 1936: 207Stigmellamahalebella  Lhomme, 1945: 155Ectoedemiaerythrogenella  Emmet, 1974a: 129 WPNepticulaerythrogenella Joannis, 1908: 327Stigmellaerythrogenella  Gerasimov, 1952: 238Trifurculaerythrogenella  Leraut, 1980: 49Stigmellaerythrogenellaab.juncta Dufrane, 1949: 9\u2021 Ectoedemiarubifoliella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 90 NEANepticularubifoliella Clemens, 1860: 214Ectoedemiaulmella  Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979: 91 69NEANepticulaulmella Braun, 1912: 87Ectoedemiaandrella Wilkinson, 1981: 102 syn. n.69Ectoedemiaingloria Puplesis, 1988: 280 EPEctoedemiainsignata Puplesis, 1988: 281 EPPageBreakEctoedemiapetrosa Puplesis, 1988: 282 EPEctoedemiatadshikiella Puplesis, 1988: 25 WP,EPEctoedemia - unplaced speciesEctoedemiafuscivittata Puplesis & Robinson, 2000: 42 NEOStigmellites Kernbach, 1967: 104 Ophiheliconoma Krassilov, 2008: 100  (syn: 08) syn: : 309Stigmellitesalmeidae  NEO\u2020Nepticulaalmeidae Martins-Neto, 1989: 381Stigmellaalmeidae  Stigmellitesbaltica Kozlov, 1988: 30 WP\u2020Stigmellitescarpiniorientalis Straus, 1977: 60 WP\u2020Stigmellitescentennis Jarzembowski, 1989: 448 WP\u2020Stigmellitesfossilis  Kozlov, 1988: 31 WP\u2020Nepticulafossilis Heyden, 1862: 77Stigmellitesgossi Jarzembowski, 1989: 448 WP\u2020Stigmellitesheringi Kernbach, 1967: 104 WP\u2020Stigmelliteskzyldzharica Kozlov, 1988: 32 EP\u2020Stigmellitesmesselensis Straus, 1976: 445 WP\u2020Stigmellitespliotityrella Kernbach, 1967: 105 WP\u2020Stigmellitesresupinata  WP\u2020Ophiheliconomaresupinata Krassilov, 2008: 100Stigmellitessamsonovi Kozlov, 1988: 33 EP\u2020Stigmellitesserpentina Kozlov, 1988: 32 EP\u2020Stigmellitessharovi Kozlov, 1988: 33 EP\u2020Stigmellitestyshchenkoi Kozlov, 1988: 33 EP\u2020Stigmelliteszelkovae Straus, 1977: 61 WP\u2020Nomina dubia et oblitaNepticulaalpinella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863b: 170 70NOWPNepticulaalticolella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863c: 182 70NOWPNepticulareuttiella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863c: 182 70NOWPNepticulaoritis Meyrick, 1910: 229 71NDORNepticulaxuthomitra Meyrick, 1921b: 140 72NDAFRNepticulaanguinella Clemens, 1861: 85 73NDNEAEctoedemiaanguinella  Wilkinson, 1981: 98 NDNepticulaplatea Clemens, 1861: 85 73NDNEAEctoedemiaplatea  Wilkinson, 1981: 98 NDunplaced unavailable names74Nepticulabrunensis Skala, 1939g: 144 NNLMWP\u2021 Nepticulabuhri Skala, 1938: 43 NNLMWP\u2021 PageBreakNepticulasorbifoliella Skala, 1939g: 144 NNLMWP\u2021 Nepticulatentationis Hoffmann, 1893: 215 NNWP\u2021 Nepticulaulmi Skala, 1934a: 51 NNLMWP\u2021 Stigmellaacernella Dovnar-Zapolski & Tomilova, 1978: 27 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellaamygdaliella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 23 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellaapocynella Gerasimov, 1937: 284 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellaatraphaxidella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 29 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellabetulivora Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 32 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellacrataegifolia Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 49 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellaloniceraefolia Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 67 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellaloniceraevora Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 67 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellaprunivora Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 90 NNLMWP\u2021 Stigmellapseudoanomalella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 94 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellaroseifolia Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 94 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellaroseivora Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 94 NNLMEP\u2021 Stigmellarosella Dovnar-Zapolski, 1969: 95 NNLMEP\u2021 OPOSTEGIDAE Meyrick, 1893: 479 FAMILY TG: Opostega Zeller, 1839)Family Opostegides Meyrick, 1893: 479  syn. n.Subfamily Oposteginae Meyrick, 1893 Subfamily Notiopostega Davis, 1989: 30 Notiopostegaatrata Davis, 1989: 32 NEOEosopostega Davis, 1989: 41 Eosopostegaissikii Davis, 1989: 42 EPEosopostegaarmigera Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 29 ORNeopostega Davis & Stonis, 2007: 34 Neopostegaasymmetra Davis & Stonis, 2007: 37 NEONeopostegadistola Davis & Stonis, 2007: 39 NEONeopostegafalcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 36 NEONeopostegalongispina Davis & Stonis, 2007: 36 NEONeoposteganigrita Heppner & Davis, 2009: 31 NEONeopostegapetila Davis & Stonis, 2007: 38 NEOParalopostega Davis, 1989: 52 Paralopostegacallosa  Davis, 1989: 72 AUSOpostegacallosa Swezey, 1921: 532Paralopostegadives  Davis, 1989: 72 AUSOpostegadives Walsingham, 1907: 711PageBreakParalopostegafiliforma  Davis, 1989: 72 AUSOpostegafiliforma Swezey, 1921: 534Paralopostegamaculata  Davis, 1989: 72 AUSOpostegamaculata Walsingham, 1907: 711Paralopostegapeleana  Davis, 1989: 73 AUSOpostegapeleana Swezey, 1921: 534Paralopostegaserpentina  Davis, 1989: 73 AUSOpostegaserpentina Swezey, 1921: 533Opostegoides Kozlov, 1985: 54  75Opostegoidesmenthinella  Davis, 1989: 72 WPOpostegamenthinella Mann, 1855: 568Opostegasnelleni Nolcken, 1882: 197 Opostegoidesalbella Sinev, 1990: 102 EPOpostegoidesbicolorella Sinev, 1990: 105 EPOpostegoidesminodensis  Kozlov, 1985: 54 EPOpostegaminodensis Kuroko, 1982: 50, 448Opostegoidesomelkoi Kozlov, 1985: 57 EPOpostegoidespadiensis Sinev, 1990: 105 EPOpostegoidessinevi Kozlov, 1985: 55 EPOpostegoidesargentisoma Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 22 OROpostegoidesauriptera Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 28 OROpostegoidescameroni Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 27 OROpostegoidesepistolaris  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 20 OROpostegaepistolaris Meyrick, 1911b: 108Opostegoidesflavimacula Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 27 OROpostegoidesgorgonea Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 22 OROpostegoidesindex  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 20 OROpostegaindex Meyrick, 1922: 557Opostegoideslongipedicella Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 26 OROpostegoidesmalaysiensis Davis, 1989: 52 OROpostegoidesnephelozona  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 19 OROposteganephelozona Meyrick, 1915b: 352Opostegoidespelorrhoa  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 18 OROpostegapelorrhoa Meyrick, 1915b: 352Opostegoidesspinifera Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 26 OROpostegoidestetroa  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 18 OROpostegatetroa Meyrick, 1907: 986Opostegoidesthailandica Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 23 OROpostegoidesuvida  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 19 OROpostegauvida Meyrick, 1915b: 352Opostegoidesgranifera  comb. n.75AFROpostegagranifera Meyrick, 1913: 327PageBreakOpostegoidesmelitardis  comb. n.75AFROpostegamelitardis Meyrick, 1918a: 41Opostegoidespelocrossa  comb. n.75AFROpostegapelocrossa Meyrick, 1928a: 396Opostegoidespraefusca  comb. n.75AFROpostegapraefusca Meyrick, 1913: 327Opostegoidesgephyraea  Davis, 1989: 72 AUSOpostegagephyraea Meyrick, 1880: 176Opostegoidesscioterma  Kozlov, 1985: 55 NEAOpostegascioterma Meyrick, 1920c: 358Opostega Zeller, 1839: 214 : Elachistasalaciella Treitschke, 1833)Opostegacretatella Chr\u00e9tien, 1915: 364 76WP,EPOpostegarezniki Kozlov, 1985: 51 syn. n.76Opostegakuznetzovi Kozlov, 1985: 53 WP,EPOpostegasalaciella  Zeller, 1939: 214 WPElachistasalaciella Treitschke, 1833: 180Opostegareliquella Zeller, 1848: 282Opostegaspatulella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855a: 360 Opostegabimaculatella N.R. Rothschild, 1912: 29 Opostegacostantiniella Costantini in Turati, 1923: 70 Opostegaangulata Gerasimov, 1930: 45 Opostegastekolnikovi Kozlov, 1985: 53 WPOpostegaafghani Davis, 1989: 62 EPOpostegachalcophylla Meyrick, 1910: 229 OROpostega\u201d (unplaced African species) 77\u201cOpostega\u201d cirrhacma\u201c Meyrick, 1911a: 237 AFROpostega\u201d diplardis\u201c Meyrick, 1921b: 123 AFROpostega\u201d radiosa\u201c Meyrick, 1913: 327 AFROpostega\u201d  77\u201cOpostega\u201d arthrota\u201c Meyrick, 1915b: 352 AUSOpostega\u201d atypa\u201c Turner, 1923: 179 AUSOpostega\u201d basilissa\u201c Meyrick, 1893: 606 AUSOpostega\u201d brithys\u201c Turner, 1923: 179 AUSOpostega\u201d chalcoplethes\u201c Turner, 1923: 178 AUSOpostega\u201d chalinias\u201c Meyrick, 1893: 607 AUSOpostega\u201d chordacta\u201c Meyrick, 1915b: 351 AUSPageBreakOpostega\u201d diorthota\u201c Meyrick, 1893: 607 AUSOpostega\u201d horaria\u201c Meyrick, 1921d: 457 AUSOpostega\u201d luticilia\u201c Meyrick, 1915b: 351 AUSOpostega\u201d monotypa\u201c Turner, 1923: 179 AUSOpostega\u201d nubifera\u201c Turner, 1900: 23 AUSOpostega\u201d orestias\u201c Meyrick, 1880: 175 AUSOpostega\u201d phaeospila\u201c Turner, 1923: 179 AUSOpostega\u201d scoliozona\u201c Meyrick, 1915b: 351 AUSOpostega\u201d stiriella\u201c Meyrick, 1880: 175 AUSOpostega\u201d xenodoxa\u201c Meyrick, 1893: 608 AUSPseudopostega Kozlov, 1985: 53 Palearctic speciesPseudopostegaauritella  Davis, 1989: 76 WP,EPTineaauritella H\u00fcbner, 1813: Pl. 57: Fig. 387Leucopteraauritella  H\u00fcbner, 1825: 426Opostegaauritella  Zeller, 1939: 214Pseudopostegachalcopepla  van Nieukerken, 1996: 27 78WPOpostegachalcopepla Walsingham, 1908b: 228Pseudopostegacyrneochalcopepla Nel & Varenne, 2012: 11 syn. n.78Opostegarosmarinella Staudinger, 1894  NN\u2021 Pseudopostegacrepusculella  Davis, 1989: 76  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 32 OROpostegaepactaea Meyrick, 1907: 985Pseudopostegaeuryntis  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 44 OROpostegaeuryntis Meyrick, 1907: 985Pseudopostegafrigida  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 32 OROpostegafrigida Meyrick, 1906a: 416Pseudopostegafungina Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 42 ORPseudopostegaindonesica Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 41 ORPseudopostegajavae Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 39 ORPseudopostegamachaerias  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 30 OROpostegamachaerias Meyrick, 1907: 986Pseudopostegamyxodes  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 34 OROpostegamyxodes Meyrick, 1916a: 619Pseudoposteganepalensis Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 37 ORPageBreakPseudoposteganigrimaculella Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 40 ORPseudopostegaparvilineata Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 31 ORPseudopostegasaturella Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 38 ORPseudopostegasimilantis Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 33 ORPseudopostegaspilodes  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 45 OROpostegaspilodes Meyrick, 1915b: 351Pseudopostegastrigulata Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 45 ORPseudopostegasubviolacea  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 45 OROpostegasubviolacea Meyrick, 1920c: 357Pseudopostegasumbae Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 37 ORPseudopostegavelifera  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 34 OROpostegavelifera Meyrick, 1920c: 357Pseudopostegazelopa  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 43 OROpostegazelopa Meyrick, 1905: 61379African species Pseudopostegaamphimitra  comb. n.79AFROpostegaamphimitra Meyrick, 1913: 328Pseudopostegabellicosa  Davis, 1989: 76 AFROpostegabellicosa Meyrick, 1911a: 236Pseudopostegaclastozona  Davis, 1989: 76 AFROpostegaclastozona Meyrick, 1913: 327Pseudopostegaidiocoma  comb. n.79AFROpostegaidiocoma Meyrick, 1918a: 42Pseudopostegaorophoxantha  comb. n.79AFROpostegaorophoxantha Meyrick, 1921b: 124Pseudopostegaphaeosoma  comb. n.79AFROpostegaphaeosoma : 396Pseudopostegasymbolica  comb. n.79AFROpostegasymbolica Meyrick, 1914: 203Pseudopostegatincta  comb. n.79AFROpostegatincta Meyrick, 1918a: 41Nearctic speciesPseudopostegaacidata  Davis, 1989: 75 NEA,NEOOpostegaacidata Meyrick, 1915a: 240Pseudopostegaalbogaleriella  Davis, 1989: 76 NEAOpostegaalbogaleriella Clemens, 1862: 131Oposteganapaeella Clemens, 1872: 42 Opostegabistrigulella Braun, 1918: 245 Oposteganonstrigella Chambers, 1881: 296 Pseudoposteganapaeella  Davis, 1989: 76Pseudopostegabistrigulella  Davis, 1989: 76Pseudoposteganonstrigella  Davis, 1989: 76PageBreakPseudopostegacretea  Davis, 1989: 76 NEAOpostegacretea Meyrick, 1920c: 358Pseudopostegafloridensis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 57 NEAPseudopostegakempella  Davis, 1989: 76 NEA,NEOOpostegakempella Eyer, 1967: 39Pseudopostegaparakempella Davis & Stonis, 2007: 100 NEA,NEOPseudopostegaquadristrigella  Davis, 1989: 77 NEAOpostegaquadristrigella Chambers, 1875b: 106Opostegaaccessoriella Frey & Boll, 1876: 216 Pseudopostegaaccessoriella  Davis, 1989: 75Pseudopostegatexana Davis & Stonis, 2007: 115 NEAPseudopostegaventicola  Davis, 1989: 77 NEA,NEOOpostegaventicola Walsingham, 1897: 140Neotropic speciesPseudopostegaabrupta  Davis, 1989: 75 NEOOpostegaabrupta Walsingham, 1897: 139Pseudopostegaacrodicra Davis & Stonis, 2007: 122 NEOPseudopostegaacuminata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 89 NEOPseudopostegaadusta  Davis, 1989: 76 NEOOpostegaadusta Walsingham, 1897: 140Pseudopostegaapoclina Davis & Stonis, 2007: 131 NEOPseudopostegalatifurcataapoclina Davis & Stonis, 2007: 131Pseudopostegaapotoma Davis & Stonis, 2007: 65 NEOPseudopostegaattenuata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 76 NEOPseudopostegabeckeri Davis & Stonis, 2007: 136 NEOPseudopostegabicornuta Davis & Stonis, 2007: 138 NEOPseudopostegabidorsalis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 127 NEOPseudopostegabrachybasis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 142 NEOPseudopostegabreviapicula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 85 NEOPseudopostegabrevifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 120 NEOPseudopostegabrevivalva Davis & Stonis, 2007: 121 NEOPseudopostegacaulifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 123 NEOPseudopostegaclavata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 105 NEOPseudopostegacolognatha Davis & Stonis, 2007: 90 NEOPseudopostegaconcava Davis & Stonis, 2007: 119 NEOPseudopostegacongruens  Davis, 1989: 76 NEOOpostegacongruens Walsingham, 1914: 350Pseudopostegaconicula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 78 NEOPseudopostegaconstricta Davis & Stonis, 2007: 141 NEOPseudopostegacontigua Davis & Stonis, 2007: 129 NEOPseudopostegacrassifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 117 NEOPseudopostegacurtarama Davis & Stonis, 2007: 116 NEOPseudopostegadenticulata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 74 NEOPageBreakPseudopostegadidyma Davis & Stonis, 2007: 109 NEOPseudopostegadiskusi Davis & Stonis, 2007: 67 NEOPseudopostegadivaricata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 128 NEOPseudopostegadorsalis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 98 NEOPseudopostegadorsalisdorsalis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 98 NEOPseudopostegaduplicata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 108 NEOPseudopostegaecuadoriana Davis & Stonis, 2007: 134 NEOPseudopostegaelachista  Davis, 1989: 76 NEOOpostegaelachista Walsingham, 1914: 350Pseudopostegafasciata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 99 NEOPseudopostegadorsalisfasciata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 99Pseudopostegaferruginea Davis & Stonis, 2007: 54 NEOPseudopostegafumida Davis & Stonis, 2007: 62 NEOPseudopostegagalapagosae Davis & Stonis, 2007: 93 NEOPseudopostegagracilis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 63 NEOPseudopostegalateriplicata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 59 NEOPseudopostegalatiapicula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 133 NEOPseudopostegalatifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 130 NEOPseudopostegalatifurcatalatifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 130 NEOPseudopostegalatiplana Remeikis & Stonis in NEOPseudopostegalatisaccula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 75 NEOPseudopostegalobata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 104 NEOPseudopostegalongifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 141 NEOPseudopostegalongipedicella Davis & Stonis, 2007: 102 NEOPseudopostegamexicana Remeikis & Stonis in NEOPseudopostegamicroacris Davis & Stonis, 2007: 61 NEOPseudopostegamicrolepta  Davis, 1989: 76 NEOOpostegamicrolepta Meyrick, 1915a: 239Pseudopostegamignonae Davis & Stonis, 2007: 86 NEOPseudopostegamonosperma  Davis, 1989: 76 NEOOpostegamonosperma Meyrick, 1931b: 162Pseudopostegamonstruosa Davis & Stonis, 2007: 68 NEOPseudopostegaobtusa Davis & Stonis, 2007: 91 NEOPseudopostegaovatula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 52 NEOPseudopostegaparaplicatella Davis & Stonis, 2007: 82 NEOPseudopostegaparomias  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegaparomias Meyrick, 1915a: 240Pseudopostegaperdigna  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegaperdigna Walsingham, 1914: 349Pseudopostegapexa  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegapexa Meyrick, 1920c: 358Pseudopostegaplicatella Davis & Stonis, 2007: 82 NEOPseudopostegapontifex  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegapontifex Meyrick, 1915a: 240PageBreakPseudopostegaprotomochla  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegaprotomochla Meyrick, 1935: 567Pseudopostegapumila  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegapumila Walsingham, 1914: 350Pseudopostegaresimafurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 124 NEOPseudopostegarobusta Remeikis & Stonis in NEOPseudopostegarotunda Davis & Stonis, 2007: 51 NEOPseudopostegasacculata  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegasacculata Meyrick, 1915a: 240Pseudopostegasaltatrix  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegasaltatrix Walsingham, 1897: 140Pseudopostegasectila Davis & Stonis, 2007: 113 NEOPseudopostegaserrata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 52 NEOPseudopostegaspatulata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 70 NEOPseudopostegasublobata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 107 NEOPseudopostegasubtila Davis & Stonis, 2007: 88 NEOPseudopostegasuffuscula Davis & Stonis, 2007: 139 NEOPseudopostegatanygnatha Davis & Stonis, 2007: 90 NEOPseudopostegatenuifurcata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 112 NEOPseudopostegatriangularis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 79 NEOPseudopostegatrinidadensis  Davis, 1989: 77 NEOOpostegatrinidadensis Busck, 1910: 245Pseudopostegatruncata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 67 NEOPseudopostegatucumanae Davis & Stonis, 2007: 64 NEOPseudopostegaturquinoensis Davis & Stonis, 2007: 119 NEOPseudopostegauncinata Davis & Stonis, 2007: 60 NEONepticuloideaTaxa excluded from See further van Nieukerken & Johansson (1987), ARGYRESTHIIDAEFAMILY Argyresthiaabdominalis Zeller, 1839: 205 WPNepticulaabdominalella  Bruand, 1859: 686BUCCULATRICIDAEFAMILY Bucculatrixcristatella  Zeller, 1848: 300 WPLyonetiaconcolorella Tengstr\u00f6m, 1848 Nepticulaconcolorella  Heydenreich, 1851: 92Bucculatrixfrangutella  WPElachistarhamnifoliella Treitschke, 1833: 183Opostegarhamnifoliella  Bruand, [1851]: 86Bucculatrixcentrospila  Davis, 1989: 2 AUSPageBreakOpostegacentrospila Turner, 1923: 179COSMOPTERIGIDAEFAMILY Stagmatophoraheydeniella  WPOecophoraheydeniella Fischer von R\u00f6slerstamm, 1841: 256Opostegatorquillaepennella Bruand, [1851]: 86 NN \u2021 GELECHIIDAEFAMILY Nepticulabelfrageella Chambers, 1875a: 75 80NONEAStigmellabelfrageella  Newton & Wilkinson, 1982: 456 NOGRACILLARIIDAEFAMILY Metriochroalatifoliella  V\u00e1ri, 1961: 196 WPNepticulalatifoliella Milli\u00e8re, 1886: 220Phyllocnistissaligna  WPTineacerasifoliella H\u00fcbner, 1796: pl 28: 190 NO Opostegasaligna Zeller, 1839: 214Opostegasalicifoliella Duponchel, 1844: 377Opostegasalignatella Bruand, [1851]: 86 UEOpostegalugdunensella Bruand, 1859: 691Opostegacerasifoliella  Bruand, 1859: 691Phyllocnistisunipunctella  WPArgyromygesunipunctella Stephens, 1834: 260Opostegasuffusella Zeller, 1847: 894 [type species of Phyllocnistis]Opostegatremulella Fischer von R\u00f6slerstamm in Zeller, 1843: 21 NN \u2021 Opostegatremulella Heeger, 1852: 278Phyllocnistisargentella  Puplesis & Robinson, 1999: 18 AUSOpostegaargentella Bradley, 1957: 108Phyllonorycterpopulifoliella  WPElachistapopulifoliella Treitschke, 1833: 188Nepticulapilosissimella Bruand, 1859 : 686HELIOZELIDAEFAMILY Heliozelasericiella  WPTineasericiella Haworth, 1828: 585Aechmiasaltatricella Fischer von R\u00f6slerstamm, 1841: 249Nepticulasaltatricella  Bruand, 1859: 687Heliozelalithargyrellum  WPTinagmalithargyrellum Zeller, 1850: 158Nepticulalithargyrella  Bruand, 1859: 687LYONETIIDAEFAMILY PageBreakLeucopteramalifoliella  WPElachistamalifoliella O. Costa, 1836: [239] Elachista 3Opostegascitella Zeller, 1839: 214 Leucopterasinuella  WPCemiostomasinuella Reutti, 1853: 208Cerniostomasusinella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855: 342Opostegasusinella  Bruand, 1859: 691Leucopteraspartifoliella  H\u00fcbner, 1825: 426 WPTineaspartifoliella H\u00fcbner, 1813: 49Opostegaspartifoliella  Zeller, 1839: 214Leucopteraphaeopasta  Davis, 1989: 2 AUSOpostegaphaeopasta Turner, 1923: 180Lyonetiaclerkella  WP,EPPhalaenaclerkella Linnaeus, 1758: 542Opostegamagnimaculella Bruand, 1859: 691 Lyonetialeucoprepes  Davis, 1989: 2 AUSOpostegaleucoprepes Bradley, 1961: 160Petasobathraischnophaea  Davis, 1989: 2 OROpostegaischnophaea Meyrick, 1930: 7TISCHERIIDAEFAMILY Coptotricheangusticollella  Di\u0161kus & Puplesis, 2003: 430 WP,EPNepticulasuberoidella Walsingham, 1891: 152 Stigmellasuberoidella  Le Marchand, 1946b: 284UNKNOWNFAMILY Tineaminimella O.G. Costa, 1836: [230] Tinea 18, JH of Tineaminimella [Denis & Schifferm\u00fcller], 1775, now Nemophoraminimella (Adelidae) WPNepticulaminimella  Stainton, 1869a: 267Trichoptera, HydroptilidaeUNKNOWN, may be FAMILY Tineacommatella Schrank, 1802: 133 NDWPNepticulacommatella  UNPLACED FOSSILSTineaaraliae Fritsch, 1882: 6 [may be Gracillariidae] WP\u2020Stigmellitesaraliae  Kozlov, 1988: 30Foliofossorcranei Jarzembowski, 1989: 448 WP\u2020Troponomacurvitracta Krassilov, 2008: 101 WP\u2020Troponomafestunata Krassilov, 2008: 102 WP\u2020PageBreak1 The genus Manoneura Davis, 1979 had been synonymised with Enteucha Meyrick, 1915 by Manoneurabasidactyla  clearly groups inside the genus Enteucha , page iv (http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31209657)  and non-core Stigmella for the other clade (containing the type species of Astigmella: Stigmellanaturnella). We refrain from recognising different genera, since recognising these clades morphologically is not always possible. Several species groups could not be placed due to lack of molecular information, they are listed at the end of Stigmella.e clades  that are4Stigmellaresplendensella  was placed as species with uncertain affinities due to the lacking abdomen in the lectotype (http://bugguide.net/node/view/391014/bgpage). Barcode and genitalia confirm that Stigmellaresplendensella is closely related to Stigmellaunifasciella , as earlier suggested by MCZ-ENT00014954 , V.T. Chambers, Type14954 [head and abdomen missing].ectotype . We re-e5 We prefer the name prunifoliella group rather than the older \u201cprunetorum group\u201d, since the prunifoliella group contains several North American species, whereas the name \u201cprunetorum group\u201d was based on a single European species only.6 The date of publication of \u201cDie Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz. Zweite Abtheilung. Kleinschmetterlinge. Band 2. Die Motten und Federmotten. Heft 2\u201d has previously often been cited as 1877, the date that also figures on the Title page (https://archive.org/details/dieschmetterlin01heingoog). However, already Kirby concluded in the Zoological Record 13 (published 1878) on page 187: \u201cBand ii, Die Motten ........ . though bearing date 1877, was published not PageBreaklater than November, 1876\u201d , and in many cases it is impossible to determine the identity of these names with the little information provided, but they do provide some interesting records.8Stigmellaulmivora . Nepticulaulmella HS. from Regensburg. This name should be regarded as an unavailable name (nomen nudum), since there is no description nor indication. This name is also a nomen oblitum, never cited again until Stigmellaulmivora. Thus no further action needs to be taken to reverse precedence to avoid rejecting the junior synonym Stigmellaulmivora or junior homonym Nepticulaulmella Braun, 1917 (now Ectoedemiaulmella).9Stigmellamultispicata Rocien\u0117 & Stonis, 2014 in the Stigmellamalella group , but in fact the species is in all aspects extremely similar to Stigmellaulmivora, that only can be separated by details in the genitalia. It is therefore moved here, and it is highly likely that it feeds on Ulmus.10Stigmellapalionisi Puplesis, 1984. We synonymise Stigmellanakamurai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 from Japan with Stigmellapalionisi from Russia: Primorye, on the basis of a comparison of descriptions, a male paratype slide of Stigmellanakamurai , but the mines are somewhat different. Material: 1\u2642, Paratype Stigmellanakamurai, Hokkaido, Sapporo, em. 20.viii.1981, S. Nakamura, Host 0360 Ulmus davidiana v. japonica, slide VU no. 0790 (collection Sapporo).rai Fig. , 42 and enitalia  . We use the junior name for this North American oak mining species, earlier known as Stigmellalatifasciella , because its original combination Nepticulalatifasciella is a junior primary homonym of Nepticulalatifasciella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1855, a junior synonym of Stigmellahybnerella .12Stigmellabirgittae Gustafsson, 1985. We place the unavailable name Nepticulaamseli Skala, 1941 as synonym under Stigmellabirgittae. Nepticulaamseli was described from mines from Zizyphusspina-christi in Jericho, Palestine. Stigmellabirgittae is a common and widespread species in the Middle East on this host  confirmed that the identification of Pyrus must be correct, but no mines are kept. Awaiting further information from freshly collected larvae, we keep the species separate, but a synonymy is not excluded.his Figs . It is pStigmellaabaiella, Iran, Teheran, 20.ix.1978, Abai, Pyruscommunis, Genitalia slide EvN4759 (Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Karlsruhe).Material: Holotype \u2642 14Stigmellapaliurella Gerasimov, 1937. Previously the author for this species was given as , because ICZN art. 13.6.2). However, since Gerasimov also describes characters of the larva, the description fulfils the code (article 13.1), despite the brief description  was recorded from China  of which the DNA barcode shows a very short distance (1.11%) to European Stigmellamicrotheriella, still clustering together  .Material: Holotype \u2642: , Hikosan, Buzen, 30.vii.1954, H. Kuroko, Host: 17Stigmellanivenburgensis . We here synonymise Stigmellapopulnea Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985. We found Stigmellanivenburgensis commonly on Salix in South Korea and China and DNA barcodes (BOLD:ACU6572) are rather close to European specimens (BOLD:AAV7002) . Stigmellacaryaefoliella and Stigmellaobscurella  (see note 17) with ostryaefoliella on the basis of the male genitalia. We remove these synonyms here and recognize three good species feeding on different hosts and having quite different DNA barcodes and morphologies. Details to be published elsewhere.20Stigmellamyricafoliella  was described from Florida, Palm Beach, and reared from leafmines on Morellacerifera (as Myricacerifera). We revise the synonymy of Nepticulaobscurella Braun, 1912 as a synonym of Stigmellamyricafoliella, on the basis of the host plant and genitalia. Details to be published elsewhere.21Stigmellaostryaefoliella . Stigmellacaryaefoliella  and Stigmellaobscurella  (see notes 16 and 17) with ostryaefoliella on the basis of the male genitalia. We remove these synonyms here and recognize three good species feeding on different hosts and having quite different DNA barcodes and morphologies. Details to be published elsewhere.22Stigmellapelanodes . The holotype was examined by EvN .Material: Holotype \u2642:  PageBreak23Stigmellatropicatella Legrand, 1965 is the only nepticulid species known from the islands in the Indian Ocean off the African continent (Madagascar excluded) as found on the atoll of Aldabra. The holotype, unfortunately, is almost completely destroyed, only a head and part of the thorax remain on the minuten pin. There are several paratypes, three of which EvN examined. Two are males of a Stigmella, the PageBreakthird is a male of an unnamed Acalyptris. Comparing the remains of the holotype and the description, we are convinced that the Stigmella paratypes are the real Stigmellatropicatella, and hence base the identity on these . Further specimens see S1.24Stigmellawollofella . Study of the slides of the holotypes of Nepticulawollofella Gustafsson, 1972  and synonymise Nepticulamandingella. The much better genitalia preparation of Nepticulawollofella was the first criterion and the second one is that the name wollofella has been used again by Zizyphus.972 Figs  and Nept972 Figs , both coNepticulawollofella Gustafsson, Gambia: Gambia river between Bathurst and Basse Santa Su., on riverboat M/S Lady Wright in flash light, 5.xii.1970, B. Gustafsson Genitalia slide 5103 (NHRS). Holotype \u2642 Nepticulamandingella Gustafsson, Gambia: Gambia river between Bathurst and Basse Santa Su., on riverboat M/S Lady Wright in flash light, 5.xii.1970, B. Gustafsson Genitalia slide 4874 (NHRS).Material: Holotype \u2642 25Stigmellarosaefoliella . The subspecies Stigmellarosaefoliellapectocatena Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979 is removed as a synonym to Stigmellacentifoliella, see there.26Stigmellaogygia group. Since our studies show that all New Zealand Stigmella species \u2013 as far as studied - belong to one monophyletic clade, we group them as the Stigmellaogygia group, based on the widespread and common Stigmellaogygia , which is readily recognizable on host-plant alone .27Stigmellaepicosma group. salicis group because of the similarity in male genitalia. Our phylogeny (Asteraceae feeders) as sister to the salicis group s.str., whereas the only Neotropical Salix feeder Stigmellamolinensis van Nieukerken & Snyers, 2016 is sister to the remaining Holarctic salicis group members. Because of the strong difference in host plant choice, all salicis group members but one feed on Salicaceae, whereas the Neotropic species feed on Asteraceae and various other families, and because of the strong apomorphy of the signa band in the female genitalia for the salicis group, we separate all Neotropic species (apart from molinensis) and place them in their own epicosma group.hylogeny  gives th28Stigmellacostalimai  and Stigmellaguittonae  are tentatively moved to the epicosma group because their host plants belong to Asteraceae, resp. Tessariaintegrifolia Ruiz & Pav. and Seneciobonariensis Hook. & Arn.  H.Hara (Onagraceae) as one of the host plants for Stigmellaguittonae by Bourquin  is most likely an error: just after this description he wrote the description of a Momphid, Psacophoraorfilai, making leafmines on that host. Momphidae frequently feed on Onagraceae.. & Arn.  and so f29 Species described by Klimesch in his paper \u201cNeue Stigmella-Arten \u201d in the \u201cZeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft vol 31(9\u201312) PageBreakhave been incorrectly cited by us and others as Klimesch, 1946 (http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/ZOEV_31_0129.pdf) (\u201cAusgegeben 15.M\u00e4rz 1948\u201d).ch, 1946 . However30Stigmellasalicis  forms a complex of species that requires revision: some synonyms may be one of the constituent species, others have to be described as new . Nepticulacentifoliella was first named by Nepticula. Since this was a short message during a meeting, there is no description, and only a vague indication to unspecified earlier papers (\u201cVon einer Art (der Centifoliella) kannten schon de Geer und Goeze die eigenth\u00fcmlich gebildete Raupe\u201d). We consider this insufficient to make the name available, and thus keep Zeller, 1848, who described the species in detail, as author  .Material: Holotype \u2640 32Stigmellaazaroli  is very similar to Stigmellaperpygmaeella, but the moth is usually much paler. DNA barcodes of Stigmellaperpygmaeella, incognitella and azaroli form a tangled cluster, where Stigmellaperpygmaeella is paraphyletic, and island forms have very different barcodes from continental populations .ons Fig. . In thisNepticulaazaroli: Greece, Rodos, Rodini, 22.ix.1972, mines on Crataegusazarolus, em. 11.x.1972, J. Klimesch, Genitalia slide EvN4235, DNA barcode RMNH.INS.24235 (Zoologische Staatssammlung M\u00fcnchen).Material: Holotype \u2642 33Stigmellamagdalenae . This species was known as Stigmellanylandriella or Nepticulanylandriella in most literature prior to 34Stigmellanylandriella . Before the type of Lyonetianylandriella was re-examined in the 1970\u2019s, this species was known as Stigmellaaucupariae  and Stigmella or Nepticulanylandriella referred to the species now known as Stigmellamagdalenae . The finding of larvae on Crataegus, Malus and Amelanchier in North America apparently having the same DNA barcode as European Stigmellaoxyacanthella (BOLD:AAF3421) led EvN to re-examine specimens identified as Stigmellapomivorella  in CNC and USNM. All show genitalia inseparable from Stigmellaoxyacanthella, and we thus synonymise Stigmellapomivorella. This leafminer apparently was already introduced in the USA during the 19th century. Details will be published elsewhere.36Stigmellamicromelis Puplesis, 1985. After the finding that Siberian larvae on Crataegus share the barcode with Korean and Japanese larvae found on Ariaalnifolia  (BOLD:ACK9547), and the fact that genitalia of Stigmellamicromelis and Stigmellacrataegivora Puplesis, 1985 are indistinguishable, we synonymise both species here. Since both species were named in the same publication, we here determine as First Reviser (ICZN art 24.2) that Stigmellamicromelis has PageBreakpriority over crataegivora. Photos of the genitalia of the types were given by 37Stigmellaamelanchierella  stat. rev. Stigmellaamelanchierella was described on the basis of leafmines only. Subsequent authors have been unable to rear or to identify the species and Amelanchier, that fit Clemens\u2019 description well. DNA barcodes of these showed two different clusters, both closely related to other members of the oxyacanthella group, such as Stigmellacrataegifoliella, one occurring more west in Colorado and Canada (BOLD:ACG5879), another east in Tennessee, Virginia and Massachusetts (BOLD:ACG8835). We consider it likely that the last group represents the real Stigmellaamelanchierella, since Clemens described it from Pennsylvania. Even though we have not yet studied a single adult, we consider it likely to be a separate species in the Stigmellaoxyacanthella group, of which the identity is based on the DNA barcode.38Stigmellapurpuratella . After study of the holotype slides we synonymise Stigmellascinanella Wilkinson & Scoble, 1979 with Stigmellapurpuratella. Already Stigmellapurpuratella. This difference can easily be explained by the much older age of the purpuratella specimens, but this text did not seem to be supported by the very different drawings of the genitalia of both species in the same paper. After checking the slides it can be concluded that the valvae of Stigmellascinanella were drawn incorrectly, and the drawing of the phallus of Stigmellapurpuratella, which is a reconstruction of a broken phallus, is turned upside down, making the characteristic longer cornuti pointing posteriorly rather than anteriorly, and the phallus tube is an incorrect reconstruction. The species makes leafmines on Crataegus that are inseparable from those of Stigmellacrataegifoliella. Figures will be published elsewhere.Nepticulapurpuratella: (United States), Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, 30.v.1906, Engel, Genitalia slide CNC3467 P. Newton (USNM).Material: Holotype \u2642 Stigmellascinanella: [Canada], Ontario, Normandale, mines 26.vii.1956 on Malus, 56-154, Freeman & Lewis, Genitalia slide MIC7102 (=CNC2972)  .Holotype \u2642 39Stigmellaaurella/ruficapitella cluster. The remaining Stigmella species form a well supported clade in our multi-gene molecular analyses , the Stigmellafloslactella group and the core Stigmellaruficapitella group s.s. Also part of the lemniscella group (formerly marginicolella group) is well supported: viz. Stigmellacontinuella, Stigmellalemniscella + Stigmellazelkoviella, usually with poorer support linked to Stigmellaapicialbella and an unnamed Betula feeding PageBreakNorth American species, but always never with Stigmellagimmonella included (only one specimen sequenced). The other Fagaceae mining species, including the North American Stigmellaprocrastinella and Stigmellaalba almost always form a poorly supported clade together with the core ruficapitella group, which we therefore together classify as the Stigmellaruficapitella group s.l., that is here restricted to Fagaceae feeding species only. Stigmellaspeciosa, lonicerarum and relatives, previously placed with the ruficapitella group, always group outside. A Stigmellasorbi group is never recognised in molecular analyses and even the morphologically similar Stigmellasorbi and Stigmellaplagicolella are never placed close to each other. On the other hand, Stigmellaamygdali, previously placed in a monotypic species group, always groups with moderate support together with Stigmellaplagicolella, forming a Prunus feeding clade. This situation can currently not be easily translated into monophyletic species groups, and apart from the well supported ones, we recognise tentatively a Stigmellaspeciosa group for the non-Fagaceae miners previously placed in the ruficapitella group (or the hemargyrella group) and an enlarged sorbi group, at the moment a kind of waste bin for mainly Rosaceae feeding species, but also including Stigmellahamamelella on Hamamelis. We leave Stigmellazagulaevi from the Caucasus and Stigmellatalassica from the Tyan Shan in the lemniscella group, although we are not convinced that this is the correct placement.analyses , that is40Stigmellamonticulella Puplesis, 1984. We synonymise here Stigmellagracilipae Hirano, 2014 from Japan. Both taxa make linear leafmines on Lonicera\u00b8 occur in East Asia and have inseparable genitalia  from Europe.enitalia . The spe41Stigmellafilipendulae . After Stigmellaulmariae  had earlier been synonymized . Rhododendron feeding species from Russia: Primorye, and here we also add the Japanese Rhododendron feeder to the synonymy: Stigmellasesplicata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985. The original description only dealt with females, but meanwhile male genitalia have been described . Stigmellarhododendrifolia Dovnar-Zapolski & Tomilova, 1978 is an unavailable name, based on leafmines from Siberia. Considering the fact that all Rhododendron leafmines belonging to Stigmella from eastern Europe to Japan apparently are all Stigmellalediella, we conclude that this name also belongs here.escribed  and are 43Stigmellalongispina Puplesis, 1994 is here moved to the aurella group on the basis of similarity in its male genitalia as shown in a single studied specimen from Tajikistan (RMNH.INS.15381)  Figs .44Stigmellaspiculifera Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985. Stigmellaoa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985 was described on the basis of a single female from Japan. After PageBreakcarefully comparing descriptions and figures, we can only conclude that it is indistinguishable from the Rubus feeding Stigmellaspiculifera and hence synonymize it here.45Stigmellalurida Puplesis, 1994. On the basis of DNA analysis of one female from Altai, that consistently groups with Stigmellasorbi, we place Stigmellalurida in the Stigmellasorbi group (RMNH.INS.24818).46Stigmellahumboldti Remeikis & Stonis, 2015 was described from a single female reared from Quercushumboldti in Colombia. The authors could not place this species in a known group, due to the spiny signa on the female bursa. Since we see some resemblance with the spiny signa of Stigmellaprocrastinella and Stigmellaalba, both shown to be Quercus feeders as well (DNA barcode data), we place Stigmellahumboldti close to these species.47Stigmellasamiatella . We list here two previously overlooked Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer names: Nepticulaquercella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863a was merely published as a name in a checklist . This unavailable nomen nudum was synonymised by Nepticulachaoniella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863b was described in a paper on the Lepidoptera of Engadin, in comparison with another new species, Nepticulaalpinella (see note 67). Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer wrote: \u201cDurch letzteres Merkmal unterscheidet sie sich auf den ersten Blick von der eichenbewohnenden chaoniella m. \u201d [By the last character it is separated on first sight from the oak feeding chaoniella m[ihi] ]. Like many early authors Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer mixed several oak mining Stigmella species and separates his chaoniella from male atricapitella or ruficapitella [named by him samiatella], that both show these thicker  scales. From this it is PageBreakclear that chaoniella can only be a synonym of Stigmellasamiatella. Further the name Nepticulachaoniella can be considered a nomen oblitum, we are not aware of any later use of this name.48Bohemanniapulverosella . We synonymise Bohemanniapiotra Puplesis, 1984 from Russia: Primorye, because it is indistinguishable in genitalia from pulverosella, and makes similar mines on Malus as European pulverosella. We expect that the species has a continuous distribution throughout Siberia. In Europe most populations of Bohemanniapulverosella seem to be parthenogenetic without any males, and only a few males are known . The publication year for the original paper has been cited as 1851, 1852 or 1853. Boheman\u2019s paper was published in the volume for the year 1851 that according to the title page was published in 1853. On the title page of the article is printed: \u201cInlemnad den 6 Mars 1852 , probably causing the incorrect references to 1852. The synonymy of Bucculatrixantispilella Meess, 1907 established by 50Bohemanniamanschurella Puplesis, 1984. We synonymize here Bohemannianipponicella Hirano, 2010 from Japan with Bohemanniamanschurella from Russia: Primorye. Bohemannianipponicella as different in the cornuti, comparing it to the original description of Bohemanniamanschurella, but by comparing the photos of the types of both species  comb. n. The female holotype of TrifurculaoishiellaSinopticulasinicaPrunus. Further, material collected in China and Japan helped to establish that this concerns a single species, with gall making larvae on Prunus. Further details will be published elsewhere.Translation of the original description in Japanese by Matsumura:Prunus, boring into branches, making a gall. In mid-June to late-June in Japan, Honshu\u201d. \u201cHead orange yellow, setae on both sides grey-white. Antenna grey, base of several segments with dark rings. Body and forewing dark brown with a little purple colour ribbon and also with reflection. Scales large, tip of wing spoon-like with long hairscales. Hindwing dark. Legs brown. Hindtibia dorsally with half erect setae. Larvae on Trifurculaoishiella \u2640, Japan, Honshu, reared from galls on Prunus, T. Oishi, Genitalia slide EvN2916 .Material: Holotype 52Glaucolepishamirella (Chr\u00e9tien) and Glaucolepissaturejae (Parenti). The holotype of Glaucolepishamirella is very similar to male Glaucolepissaturejae .Material: Holotype PageBreak53Glaucolepismagna . The recently described Trifurculacollinella Nel, 2012 from France is here synonymised with Glaucolepismagna. The holotype was examined .Material: Holotype 54Glaucolepis: \u201cunassigned to group\u201d. The two Neotropical species placed in Glaucolepis  comb. n. This species was described as Bucculatrix and not recognized as nepticulid, until Zdeno T\u00f3kar (Slovakia) identified it as a Trifurcula when studying sketches of Western Palearctic Bucculatrix genitalia made by Gerfried Deschka. Unfortunately the holotype .Material: Holotype \u2640, , \u201c169\u201d, \u201cType\u201d, \u201cEukitt-Pr\u00e4p. Nr. 1219 G. Deschka, \u201cPageBreakPageBreak56Ectoedemiascobleella Minet, 2004  is here recombined with Fomoria on the basis of examination of the type series .57Fomoriaargyraspis  comb. n. We here tentatively move this species from Acalyptris to Fomoria on the basis of the genitalia and externals that are very similar to a number of Fomoria species and not to any other Acalyptris species.58Fomoriasporadopa  comb. n. This species from Sri Lanka is very difficult to place. EvN studied the holotype, the only known specimen, in 1986 .Material: Holotype \u2642,  Ceylon, Trincomali, 8.vi.1907, BF [T. Bainbrigge Fletcher], Genitalia slide BM24103 . Although the holotype of Nepticulatrifasciata Matsumura is badly damaged, the forewing pattern is clearly identical to that of Obrussatigrinella Puplesis, 1985. Since this species is common in Japan, and no other species with the same colour pattern occur there, we can safely conclude there is only one trifasciate Etainia in Japan, hence we synonymise Obrussatigrinella here.Translation of the original description in Japanese by Matsumura:PageBreakdarker. Legs dark grey. Seems to be the smallest moth in Japan. Early September. Hokkaido.\u201d \u201cBody and wing with grey-yellow and white with reflection. Head orange yellow, both sides silvery white. Antenna grey white. Forewing darker with three bands. One near wing base, one in middle and a little one outwards. Third fascia at the apex. Terminal and dorsal cilia grey-yellow white. Costal fringe darker. Hindwing 60Acalyptrisfalkovitshi . We synonymize here Microcalyptrisarenosus Falkovitsh, 1986 and Microcalyptrisvittatus Puplesis, 1984, after earlier Microcalyptristuranicus Puplesis, 1984 was synonymized with Acalyptrisfalkovitshi (ICZN article 24.2) to identify Microcalyptrisfalkovitshi as having priority to the other species that were published in the same paper (vittatus and turanicus). The slight differences given earlier , MCZ-ENT00001302, [United States], Texas, , Chambers, Type 1302, Genitalia slide CNC 3495 .To establish the identities of these old names firmly, we designate lectotypes below for PageBreakTrifurculaobrutella Zeller: Lectotype \u2642 (designated here), MCZ-ENT00014248, [United States], Texas, Dallas, Boll, Type 14248, Genitalia slide DRD 2936 . For the data of the other types in this group see 63Ectoedemiainsularis Puplesis, 1985 was described from two specimens from Sakhalin. We transfer the species here to the populella group. In the male genitalia it resembles Ectoedemiaintimella  closely, a species also recorded from east Asia, and even Sakhalin. We compared genitalia of specimens reared from intimella-like leafmines on Salix in South Korea, and also examined light collected adults from Korea and an earlier reported female from Japan . On the base of these findings we consider all East Asian \u201cintimella\u201d as Ectoedemiainsularis and keep both tentatively as separate species. Study of populations and their phylogeography between East Asia and Europe is needed to establish the status of these populations more firmly. BIN\u2019s: Ectoedemiainsularis: BOLD:AAD0468, Ectoedemiaintimella: BOLD:AAD0467.om Japan . The mal64Ectoedemiasinevi Puplesis, 1985. This species is placed in the populella group on the basis of its male genitalia, and DNA barcodes of material that we consider conspecific. This species will be redescribed in a forthcoming paper on Japanese Ectoedemia .65Ectoedemiaturbidella . Ectoedemiasimiligena Puplesis, 1994 was described from a single series from Yalta on the Crimea. Earlier we found the slight differences in genitalia just sufficient to keep it tentatively as a separate species . The 420 basepairs are almost the same as in Western European specimens of Ectoedemiaturbidella, with just 2 basepairs difference, and BOLD classifies the barcode in the same BIN (BOLD:AAD4374). This small difference over a large geographic gap, together with the weak differences observed earlier, prompt us to reverse our earlier opinion, and synonymize Ectoedemiasimiligena with Ectoedemiaturbidella. species . Meanwhi66Ectoedemiaspiraeae Gregor & Povoln\u00fd & jacutica Puplesis, 1988. Recently, Ectoedemiajacutica Puplesis, 1988 as valid species, after we had synonymised it earlier with Ectoedemiaspiraeae . The situation is comparable PageBreakto that of Ectoedemiainsularis and Ectoedemiaintimella (above) and thus studies of populations between these are needed for more final conclusions. For now we consider specimens from the much more western Altai . The North American Ectoedemiacanadensis  is here synonymised with Ectoedemiaminimella. Details will be published elsewhere.68Ectoedemiaoccultella . This is one of the most widespread Nepticulidae, occurring from westernmost Europe to Japan and throughout northern North America, extending south in the mountain ranges to Colorado and Tennessee. The north American form was described as Ectoedemialindquisti , but we see no reason to treat North American populations differently from Palearctic ones. DNA barcodes: Europe to Mongolia: BOLD:AAD0469; Japan: BOLD:ACU6927; North America: BOLD:AAH4532, distance 2.73%.69Ectoedemiaulmella . We synonymize Ectoedemiaandrella Wilkinson, 1981 on the basis of the description and illustrations of the holotype. The genitalia are indistinguishable, and also the characteristic androconial scales on the hindwing are identical.70Nepticulaalpinella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863b, Nepticulaalticolella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863c and Nepticulareuttiella Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1863c. These three names were described in a paper dealing with a collecting trip to Engadin, in the Swiss Alps, and are available names. However, they have never appeared again in the literature, apart from ICZN art. 23.9) whenever they are threatening stability of any junior synonyms. Only the name reuttiella was picked up in the cardindex of the London Natural History Museum , but we failed to get any information on the whereabouts of the holotype, and therefore this species is better treated as a Nomen oblitum, until a type turns up.72Nepticulaxuthomitra Meyrick, 1921. Meyrick described this species on the basis of one specimen from Pretoria, that unfortunately is no longer present in TM or BMNH. The description is too vague to identify the species with any certainty, and since it is very well possible that Nepticulaxuthomitra is in fact a senior synonym of one of the currently recognized valid species, it is best regarded as a Nomen oblitum. Once a synonymy is established, it is best to follow up with an action as PageBreakdescribed in ICZN 23.9, if this name threatens the stability of nomenclature of another species.73Nepticulaanguinella Clemens, 1861 and Nepticulaplatea Clemens, 1861. These names were given to larvae in incomplete leafmines on oaks. We think that the description can be best interpreted as Stigmella species, even though Ectoedemia. He did this on the base of the larva having \u201cten square brown or blackish spots\u201d, indeed a character of several Ectoedemia species. However, we do not know of any oak feeding Ectoedemia in North America with this character, certainly the common Ectoedemiasimilella Braun does not have such plates. Stigmella larvae that feed with the venter upwards, such as those in the saginella group, also show dots: the often conspicuous ganglia. Since North American Stigmella oak mines are all very similar, there is no way to identify these species on the basis of the very short descriptions, and by absence of any reared adults or other type material we think it is better to leave these names as Nomina oblita. If at any time, a synonymy of these species can be established, these names almost certainly have priority to the currently valid names; we therefore strongly advise taxonomists then to reverse priority according to ICZN 23.9, declare these names as Nomen oblitum, and declare the junior synonym as Nomen protectum.74Unplacedunavailablenames. These names are partly copied from Stigmellaatraphaxidella refers to an interesting new host association . The few names that we could identify have been listed under the respective valid names .75Opostegoides. We recombine four South African species, now in Opostega, with this genus after study of genitalia slides of type material, prepared by L. V\u00e1ri: Opostegoidesgranifera  comb. n.  comb. n.  comb. n.  comb. n.  and uniform colour pattern with a single dorsal dot is striking. Also Opostegarezniki is described from a desert/steppe habitat, in Kazakhstan, 150 km NNE of Almaty, Sarytaukum, flying in mid-May. We consider it very likely that they represent the same species, with a similar distribution as many desert dwelling species, such as Acalyptrispsammophricta .revision  most spe78Pseudopostegachalcopepla . We synonymize Pseudopostegacyrneochalcopepla Nel & Varenne, 2012 on the basis of virtual identical genitalia  show large barcode distances to the mainland populations, but otherwise we find no differences. For now we prefer to keep these all in one variable species, until more is known of these and other island populations. Island populations often have large barcoding gaps to mainland populations, which taken alone is in our opinion not sufficient for species status.lia Figs , 114 andPseudopostegacyrneochalcopepla: 1\u2642 paratype,  Pertusato, Bonifacio, 24.v.2011, P. Varenne, DNA extracted from 1 leg, RMNH.INS.550071, collection J. Nel (later to be deposited in the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum).Material: 79Pseudopostega (African species). We recombine six South African species, now in Opostega, with this genus after studying genitalia slides of type material, prepared by L. V\u00e1ri: Pseudopostegaamphimitra  comb. n.  comb. n.  comb. n.  comb. n.  comb. n. and Pseudopostegatincta  comb. n. n. Fig. , Pseudop n. Fig. , 107, Ps n. Fig. , Pseudop n. Fig. , Pseudop80Nepticulabelfrageella Chambers, 1875a. The slide labelled \u201cType\u201d is not a nepticulid, but belongs to an unidentified Gelechiidae . Also the description most likely does not refer to a nepticulid species, so we exclude it here.Nepticulabelfrageella Cham, #99, #1555, no specimen [note in pencil], TYPE, G.L.[ewis], remounted by PJN.[ewton] (USNM).Material: Genitalia slide \u2642 examined, CNC3496,"}
{"text": "PubMed PMID: 24952504.The reference number 32 was incorrectly cited. The correct reference for the protocol for detection of ASC specks by immunofluorescence is: 32. Baroja-Mazo A, Martin-Sanchez F, Gomez AI, Martinez CM, Amores-Iniesta J, Compan V, et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome is released as a particulate danger signal that amplifies the inflammatory response. Nat Immunol. 2014;15(8):738\u201348. doi:"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 32083; 10.1038/srep32083 published online: 08262016; updated: 01112017.In this Article, Andrei Purmal is incorrectly listed as being affiliated with \u2018Cleveland BioLabs, Inc., Buffalo, New York 14203, USA\u2019. The correct affiliation is listed below:Incuron LLC, Buffalo, NY, 14203."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: van Rosmalen BV, Alldinger I, Cieslak KP, Wennink R, Clarke M, Ahmed Ali U, et al. (2017) Worldwide trends in volume and quality of published protocols of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE12(3): e0173042."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Rapha\u00eblle-Ashley Guerbaai. The correct citation is: Guerbaai R-A, Fustier G, Ennezat P-V, Ringle A, Trouillet C, Graux P, et al. (2017) Asymptomatic aortic stenosis: An assessment of patients\u2019 and of their general practitioners\u2019 knowledge, after an indexed specialized assessment in community practice. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0178932."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Marcos Amaku. The correct citation is: Sev\u00e1 AP, Ovallos FG, Amaku M, Carrillo E, Moreno J, Galati EAB, et al. (2016) Canine-Based Strategies for Prevention and Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0160058. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: van der Vorst A, Zijlstra GAR, De Witte N, Duppen D, Stuck AE, Kempen GIJM, et al. (2016) Limitations in Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling People Aged 75 and Over: A Systematic Literature Review of Risk and Protective Factors. PLoS ONE 11(10): e0165127. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: C. Ellen van der Schoot. The correct citation is: de Vos AS, van der Schoot CE, Rizopoulos D, Janssen MP (2018) Predicting anti-RhD titers in donors: Boostering response and decline rates are personal. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0196382."}
{"text": "International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. Now, these articles are being republished in issue 12(S2). The articles that were republished in the issue 12(S2) are listed below:A number of articles were erroneously published in the issue 12(1) of Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 12 (S2), doi: 10.1080/17482631.2017.1358581Larsson, I. & Jormfeldt, H. (2017). Perspectives on power relations in human health and well-being. H\u00e5man L., Lindgren, E.-C & Prell, H. (2017). \u201cIf it\u2019s not Iron it\u2019s Iron f*cking biggest Ironman\u201d: personal trainers\u2019s views on health norms, orthorexia and deviant behaviours. Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 12 (S2), doi: 10.1080/17482631.2017.1364602Jonsson, L, Larsson, C., Christina, Berg, C., Korp, P., & Lindgren, E.C. (2017). What undermines healthy habits with regard to physical activity and food? Voices of adolescents in a disadvantaged community. Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 12 (S2), doi: 10.1080/17482631.2017.1333901Lindgren, E.C., Annerstedt, C., & Dohsten, J. (2017). \u201cThe individual at the centre\u201d \u2013 a grounded theory explaining how sport clubs retain young adults. Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 12 (S2), doi: 10.1080/17482631.2017.1361782Lindgren, E.C., & Barker-Ruchti, N. (2017). Balancing performance-based expectations with a holistic perspective on coaching: a qualitative study of Swedish women\u2019s national football teamJournal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 12 (S2), doi: 10.1080/17482631.2017.1358580coaches\u2019 practice experiences. Taylor & Francis apologizes for these errors."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Yasin Hasanian. The correct citation is: Nadian-Ghomsheh A, Hasanian Y, Navi K (2016) Intrinsic Image Decomposition via Structure-Preserving Image Smoothing and Material Recognition. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0166772. doi:"}
{"text": "AbstractSphagnum-dwelling testate amoebae in Bulgaria has never been published. Records for species diversity and distribution in the country were scattered in many faunistic and ecological publications. The aim of the present study is to summarise all data for the species distribution at the level of country by reviewing the existing literature and by additional data obtained in our research over the past two years.Until now, a complete checklist of Sphagnum-dwelling testate amoebae in Bulgaria and new distribution data for 134 species. Of them, 99 species are recorded from Stara Planina Mt., for which there was no available data to date. Additionally are recorded 69 new species for Pirin Mt., 21 for Vitosha Mt. and 18 for Rila Mt. Thirty six species are synonymised according to the latest taxonomic changes. Two misidentified taxa  are transferred into valid species E.acanthophora and Zivkoviciacompressa, respectively. Three of the recorded species have not been included in the checklist, because they are currently not refering to testate amoebae (Cochliopodiumbilimbosum (Auerbach 1856) and Cochliopodiumechinatum Korotneef, 1879 are gymnamoebae (naked amoebae) and Microgromiaelegantula (Penard 1904) = Paralieberkuehniaelegantula (Penard 1904) is freshwater foraminifera).The checklist comprises 171 species, classified into 43 genera, 20 families, three orders, three classes and three phyla. We present data for 16 new  Sphagnum mosses. Research on testate amoebae have increased significantly over the past two decades due to their increasing use in different applied aspects: as a bioindicators for palaeoecological studies, in environmental monitoring, pollution hazards, ecotoxicology, studies on their role in the cycling of elements in terrestrial ecosystems, biogeographical and evolutionary studiesetc.  Hedw., S.subsecundum Nees, S.girgensohnii Russ., S.centrale C.E.O.Jensen, S.platyphyllum (Lindb. ex. Braithw.) Sull. ex Warnst., S.squarrosum Crome, S.teres (Schimp.) \u00c4ngstr.) are more widespread in mires of Western Stara Planina, Rhodopes, Vitosha, Rila and Pirin Mountains, where, with other bryophytes and sedges, they comprise the specific mire flora.The data presented in the checklist are based primarily on published information concerning  species  distribuSphagnum mosses, gathered at Vitosha and Western Stara Planina Mountains in 2016 and Rila and Pirin Mountains in 2017. A total of 109 samples from 18 localities were sampled and examined. All data, concerning sampling localities including date, region, altitude, coordinates, Sphagnum moss species, as well as many physical and chemical parameters of the sampling sites, are provided in Suppl. material The material for the present study was extracted from wet Sphagnum mosses at the sampling site and concentrated by sieving (350 \u03bcm). The resulting fraction (50 ml) was observed with an optical microscope \u201cAmplival\u201d (Zeiss-Jena) using 40x objective and 10x ocular lens. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specimens were isolated by searching through small isolates of material in a petri dish. Specimens were extracted using a glass micropipette, washed several times in distilled water and then individual shells were positioned with a single-hair brush on a previously mounted double-sided adhesive tape on a standard aluminium stub and air-dried. The shells were coated evenly with gold in a vacuum coating unit. The photomicrographs were obtained using a JEOL JSM-5510, operating at 10 kV.Testate amoebae were extracted from fresh Sphagnum mosses in Bulgaria, the relevant literature sources and notes (mainly taxonomic). The higher classification used here follows The checklist is annotated with information regarding the synonymous names (if available), species distribution in The list does not include separate varieties and forms recorded from Bulgaria, despite the fact that, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, article 45.6.3, when the name was published before 1961 using the abbreviation \u2018var.\u2019 or \u2018f.\u2019, it is deemed to be subspecific rather than infrasubspecific. However, due to the fact that many of these taxa have not sufficiently detailed descriptions, which in many cases are based on signs that do not have much taxonomic significance , these taxa remain with unclear taxonomic status. So, until the clarifying of their status with the help of combined morphological and molecular approaches and full confirmation of their validity, we prefere to adopt a conservative position and consider these taxa as the product of the phenotipic plasticity of nominal species. Nevertheless, in \u2018Notes\u2019 to each nominal species, we have included all the records for these infrasubspecific taxa, in the event that some of them may be raised in rank in the future.Owen,1858Cavalier-Smith, 1993L\u00fche, 1913, emend. Cavalier-Smith, 1998Carpenter, 1861, emend. Cavalier-Smith, 2009Smirnov et al., 2005Kent, 1880Haeckel, 1894de Saedeler, 1934Cockerell, 1911, emend. Penard, 1902Amphizonellaflava Greeff, 1866Coryciaflava Greeff, 1866MicrocoryciaflavaCoryciaDujardini? Gagliardi, 1871 (in part)Rhodopes Mt.  Cockerell, 1911Pseudochlamyspatella Claparede and Lachmann, 1859Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).opes Mt. ; Rila MtEhrenberg, 1843Ehrenberg, 1832Greeff, 1866Arcellaaureola Maggi, 1883Arcellamicrostoma Penard, 1890Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. .Penard, 1890Arcellavulgaris Leidy, 1879 (in part)Arcellaartocrea Penard, 1902Arcellavulgarisvar.compressa Cash, 1905Arcellacatinusvar.australis Playfair, 1918Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. ; Vitosha Mt.  and Arcelladiscoidesvar.scutelliformis Playfair, 1918 .Besides the nominal species, two infrasubspecific taxa have also been recorded: Penard, 1890Rhodopes Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Vitosha Mt. (new data).opes Mt. ; Rila MtArcellahemisphaerica f. undulata Deflandre, 1928 .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as infrasubspecific taxon  Tsyganov and Mazei, 2006Arcellahemisphaericavar.intermediaf.undulata Deflandre, 1928Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).Playfair, 1918Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  and Arcellarotundatavar.stenostomaf.undulata Deflandre, 1928 .Besides the nominal species, two infrasubspecific taxa have also been recorded: Ehrenberg, 1830Rhodopes Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as infrasubspecific taxon Kosakyan, Lara, Gomaa and Lahr, 2016Ogden, 1979 Netzel, 1983Difflugiaproteiformissubsp.globularisvar.tuberculata Wallich, 1864Difflugiatuberculata Archer, 1867Difflugialobostoma Leidy, 1879 (in part)Nebelatuberculata Owen and Jones, 1976Difflugiatricuspis Medioli and Scott, 1983 (in part)Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Meisterfeld, 2002Wallich, 1864Leclerc, 1815Ehrenberg, 1838Difflugiacurvicaulis Penard, 1899Difflugiaacuminatavar.umbilicata Penard, 1902Difflugiavenusta Ogden, 1983Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Playfair, 1918Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (Vitosha Mt. (new data).Gauthier-Li\u00e8vre and Thomas, 1958Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data).Rila Mt. ; Stara PPerty, 1849Difflugiabicornis Penard, 1890Difflugiaaustralisvar.minor Gauthier-Li\u00e8vre et Thomas, 1958Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. ; Stara Planina Mt. (new data).opes Mt. ; Rila Mt Jung, 1942Difflugiapyriformisvar.bryophila Penard, 1902Difflugiaoblongavar.longicollis Gassowsky, 1936Difflugialongicollis  Ogden and Hedley, 1980Difflugiagassowskii Ogden, 1983Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Ogden, 1983Difflugiaacuminatavar.inflata Penard, 1899Difflugiabicruris Gauthier-Li\u00e8vre et Thomas, 1958.Pirin Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Gauthier-Li\u00e8vre et Thomas, 1958Difflugiaborodini Gassowsky, 1936Difflugiaelegansf.bicornis Jung, 1936Difflugiaelegansf.tricornis Jung, 1936Difflugiajuzephiniensis Dekhtyar, 1993Difflugialeidyi Wailes, 1912Difflugia Mereschkowsky, 1877Difflugiatricornis  Ogden, 1983Difflugiavarians Penard, 1902Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Penard, 1902Rila Mt.  Leidy, 1877Difflugiachardezi Godeanu, 1972Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Ogden, 1983Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).Penard,1890Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Vitosha Mt. .Rila Mt. ; Vitosha Ogden, 1983Difflugiapyriformisvar.venusta Penard 1902Difflugiaoblognavar.venusta Cash, 1909Difflugiaoblongavar.microclaviformis Kourov, 1925Vitosha Mt. (osha Mt. .Difflugiaoblongavar.microclaviformis (Vitosha Mt.).The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as the infrasubspecific taxon Rampi, 1950Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (Vitosha Mt. (new data).Rila Mt. ; VitoshaPenard, 1902Difflugialevanderi Playfair, 1918Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Vitosha Mt. (new data).opes Mt. ; Rila MtEhrenberg, 1838Difflugiabacillifera Penard, 1890Difflugialacustris  Ogden, 1983Difflugiaoblongaf.cyphodera Jung, 1942Difflugiaoblongavar.incondita Gauthier-Li\u00e8vre et Thomas, 1958Difflugiaoblongavar.lacustris Cash and Hopkinson, 1909Difflugiaoblongavar.parva Thomas, 1954Difflugiaparva  Ogden, 1983Difflugiapyriformisvar.lacustris Penard, 1899Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. , D.lacustris , D.bacillifera  and infrasubspecific taxa D.oblongavar.lacustris (Vitosha Mt.) and D.oblongavar.parva  have also been recorded.Besides the nominal species, the synonyms Hopkinson,1909Difflugiafallax Penard, 1890Difflugiapyriformisvar.tenuis Penard, 1890Difflugiamanicata Penard, 1902Difflugiaoblongavar.tenuis Wailes and Penard, 1911Difflugiatenuis  Ogden, 1983Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Cash, 1909Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).opes Mt. ; Rila MtPenard, 1902Difflugiaminutavar.minor Godeanu, 1972Difflugiaovalisina Beyens et Chardez, 1994Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Ogden, 1983Difflugiaglobularisvar.sphaerica Chardez, 1956Rila Mt. ; Vitosha Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. , as infrasubspecific taxon D.lemanivar.palustris (Vitosha Mt.) and as Difflugia sp. (Vitosha Mt.).The species has been recorded as nominal species, as synonym Medioli and Scott, 1983 Ogden, 1987Pontigulasiabryophila Penard, 1902Pontigulasiabryophilavar.elachys Jung, 1942Pontigulasiavaradi Godeanu, 1972Zivkoviciabryophila  Ogden, 1983Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym  Ogden, 1987Pontigulasiamontana Ogden and Zivkovic, 1983Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (new data). Medioli and Scott, 1983Difflugiavas Leidy, 1874Difflugiapyriformisvar.vas Leidy, 1879Pontigulasiavas (Leidy) Schouteden, 1906Zivkoviciavas  Ogden, 1983 (in part)Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).opes Mt. ; Rila MtRhumbler, 1896 Schouteden, 1906Difflugiaelisa Penard, 1893Pontigulasiaincisa Rhumbler, 1896Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. ) (non Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Ogden, 1987Difflugiacompressa Carter, 1864Difflugiapyriformisvar.vassub-var.bigibbosa Penard, 1899Pontigulasiabigibbosa Penard, 1902Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. . Furthermore, in several publications on the testate amoebae from Vitosha Mt.  Ogden, 1987Pontigulasiaspectabilis Penard, 1902Zivkoviciavas  Ogden, 1983 (in part)Rhodopes Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Jung, 1942Stein, 1857 Stein, 1857Arcellaaculeata Ehrenberg, 1830Difflugiaaculeata Perty, 1852Echinopyxisaculeata Clapar\u00e8de et Lachmann, 1859Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  and Centropyxisaculeatavar.grandis Deflandre, 1929 (Vitosha Mt.) have also been recorded.Besides the nominal species, two infrasubspecific taxa Deflandre, 1929Difflugiaconstricta Ehrenberg, 1838Arcellaarctiscon Ehrenberg, 1854Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .Besides the nominal species, the infrasubspecific taxon  Deflandre, 1929Difflugiacassis Wallich, 1864Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Penard, 1902Difflugiaconstricta Ehrenberg, 1838Arcellaconstricta Ehrenberg, 1841Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Bonnet, 1959Rila Mt. (new data). Deflandre, 1929Centropyxisaculeatavar.discoides Penard, 1890Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Leidy, 1879Arcellaecornis Ehrenberg, 1841Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Thomas, 1959Difflugiaconstrictavar.elongata Penard, 1890Pirin Mt. ; Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data).Bonnet and Thomas, 1955Rhodopes Mt.  Deflandre, 1929Difflugiaplatystoma Penard, 1890Difflugiaconstricta p. p. Leidy, 1879, PL. XVIII, figs. 20-21Difflugiaconstricta p. p. Penard, 1902, p. 299, figs. 8, 11, 12Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .Besides the nominal species, the infrasubspecific taxon  Deflandre, 1929Centropyxisaculeatavar.spinosa Cash, 1905Pirin Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Bonnet and Thomas, 1955Centropyxisaerophilavar.sylvatica Deflandre, 1929Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Deflandre, 1929Centropyxisarceloides Penard, 1902Vitosha Mt. (Centropyxisarceloides (Vitosha Mt.).The species is recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Deflandre, 1929Centropyxis (Cyclopyxis) eurystoma Deflandre, 1929Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  kahli Deflandre, 1929Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .Penard, 1912 Penard, 1912Difflugiaarcula Leidy, 1879Cystidinaarcula  Volz, 1929Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Deflandre, 1953Bulinellaindica Penard, 1907Bullinulaindica Penard, 1912Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (new data).Penard, 1910Penard, 1910Bullinulaindicavar.callida Jung, 1936Pirin Mt. (Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).Thomas, 1955Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. Stara Planina Mt. (new data). Kosakyan et Lara, 2012 Schulze, 1877 Leidy, 1879Difflugia (Catharia) elegans Leidy, 1874Hyalospheniaturfacea Tar\u00e1nek, 1881Vitosha Mt.  Leidy, 1875Difflugia (Catharia) papilio Leidy, 1874Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  sensu Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara, 2016Mitchell et Lara, 2013Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).(Ehrenberg 1848) Leidy, 1879Difflugiacollaris Ehrenberg 1848Difflugacancellata Ehrenberg 1848Difflugiareticulata Ehrenberg 1848Difflugiacarpio Ehrenberg 1854Difflugialaxa Ehrenberg 1871Difflugiacellulifera Ehrenberg 1874Nebelanumata Leidy 1874Nebelabohemica Taranek 1882Nebelasphagnophila (Steinecke) Van Oye 1933Nebelatinctavar.major Deflandre 1936Nebelatinctaf.stenostoma Jung 1936Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  and as infrasubspecific taxon Nebelatinctavar.major (Vitosha Mt.).The species has been recorded as nominal species, as synonym Leidy, 1874Difflugia (Nebela) flabellulum Leidy, 1874Rhodopes Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data).opes Mt. ; Stara PKosakyan et Lara, 2013Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).Penard, 1890Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).Penard, 1890Nebelatinctavar.rotunda Penard, 1890Vitosha Mt. (new data). Awerintzew, 1906Hyalospheniatincta Leidy, 1879Nebelabursella Vejdovsky, 1882Nebelaminor Penard, 1902Nebelaparvula Cash, 1909Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. , N.minor  and N.parvula .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonyms Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara, 2016 Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara, 2016Nebelagaleata Penard, 1890Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara, 2016Nebelagolemanskyi Todorov, 2010Vitosha Mt.  Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara, 2016Nebelapenardiana Deflandre, 1936Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara, 2016Nebelaspeciosa Deflandre, 1936Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara, 2016Nebelatubulosa Penard, 1902Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. Nebelaamericana Taranek, 1882.Rhodopes Mt. . This species is with doubtful identity since it is sharing overlapping characters with P.lageniformis and with P.wailesi.All records for the species have been as  Lara et Todorov, 2012Nebelalageniformis Penard, 1890Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Lara et Todorov, 2012Difflugianebeloides Gauthier-Li\u00e8vre and Thomas, 1958Nebelanebeloides  Todorov, Golemansky and Meisterfeld, 2010Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Gautier-Li\u00e8vre et Thomas, 1958, because they have not taken into account the fact that this species has recently been transferred from the genus Difflugia into the genus Nebela and subsequently in the newly described genus Padaungiella  Lara et Todorov, 2012Nebelatubulata Brown, 1911Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Lara et Todorov, 2012Nebelawailesi Deflandre, 1936Rhodopes Mt.  Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara, 2016Nebelacarinata  Leidy, 1879Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  sensu Kosakyan, Lahr, Mulot, Meisterfeld, Mitchell and Lara, 2016Quadrulellasymmetricavar.longicollis Taranek, 1882Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .So far, all records for the species  Cockerell, 1909Difflugiaproteiformisvar.symmetrica Wallich, 1863Difflugiapyriformisvar.symmetrica Wallich, 1864Difflugiasymmetrica Wallich, 1864Assulinaassulata Ehrenberg, 1871Assulinaleptolepis Ehrenberg, 1871Difflugiaassulata Ehrenberg, 1871Difflugiacarolensis Ehrenberg, 1871Quadrulasymmetrica Schulze, 1875Nebela (Quadrulella) symmetrica Deflandre, 1936Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .Besides the nominal species, the infrasubspecific taxon Gauthier-Li\u00e8vre, 1953Pirin Mt. ; Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).Bovee, 1985Jung, 1942Penard, 1902 Hopkinson, 1909Difflugiaacropodia Hertwig and Lesser, 1874Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Penard, 1902Pseudodifflugiahemisphaerica Penard, 1890Difflugiaglobulosa Leidy, 1879 (in part)Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data)opes Mt. ; Rila MtPenard, 1902Difflugiaglobulosa Leidy, 1879 (in part)Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Vitosha Mt. (Pateff 1924).opes Mt. ; Rila MtPenard, 1902Rhodopes Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. , as well as infrasubspecific taxon Difflugiellaoviformisvar.fusca Bonnet and Thomas, 1955 .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Deflandre, 1928 Deflandre, 1928Cryptodifflugiaeboracensis Wailes and Penard, 1911Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Vucetich, 1974 Murray, 1870Difflugiabipes Carter, 1870Nebelabipes Murray, 1870Nebelabicornis West, 1905Rhodopes Mt. .The species has been recorded as synonym Nebeladentistoma Penard, 1890Nebelacrenulata Penard, 1893Nebelacollaris Leidy, 1879 (in part)Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. , N.crenulata , as well as infrasubspecific taxa Nebeladentistomavar.oblonga Gauthier-Li\u00e8vre, 1853 (Rila Mt.).So far, all records for the species have been as synonyms Nebelavitraea Penard, 1899Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded as synonym Schouteden, 1906 Schouteden, 1906Heleoperacyclostoma Penard, 1902Rhodopes Mt. (opes Mt. .H.cyclostoma (Rhodopes Mt.).The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Leidy, 1879Leidy, 1879Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  and Heleoperapetricolavar.major Deflandre, 1928 (Vitosha Mt.) have also been recorded.Besides the nominal species, two infrasubspecific taxa Penard, 1890Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. Difflugia (Nebela) sphagni Leidy, 1874Nebelasphagni Leidy, 1876Nebelapicta Leidy, 1879Rhodopes Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  B\u00fctschli, 1880Difflugiaspiralis Ehrenberg, 1840Lecquereusiajurassica Schlumberger, 1845Difflugiahelix Cohn, 1853Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. Arcellapatens Claparede and Lachmann, 1858Rhodopes Mt.  Gomma, Mitchell and Lara, 2013Poch, 1913Loeblich and Tappan, 1961 Loeblich and Tappan, 1961Ditremaflavum Archer, 1877Amphitremaflavum Archer, 1877Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded as synonym Cavalier-Smith, 1998, emend. Adl et al., 2005Cavalier-Smith, 2003Adl et al., 2005, emend. Adl et al., 2012Copeland, 1956, emend. Cavalier-Smith, 1997Wallich, 1864Dujardin, 1841 Perty, 1849Difflugiaacanthophora Ehrenberg, 1841Euglyphaalveolata Dujardin, 1841 (in part)Euglyphasetigera Perty, 1852 (in part)Difflugiasetigera Ehrenberg, 1871EuglyphaacanthophoraDifflugia Setigerella acanthophora Ehrenberg, 1871Euglyphabrachiata Penard, 1902 Euglyphaalveolatavar.gracilis Tar\u00e1nek, 1881 (in part)Euglyphaarmata Wailes and Penard, 1911Euglyphaaustralica Playfair, 1918 (in part)Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. , because the description of the found individuals fully corresponds to E.acanthophora.Penard, 1899Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. , Leidy, 1878Difflugiaciliata Ehrenberg, 1848Euglyphasetigera Perty, 1852 (in part)Difflugiapilosa Ehrenberg, 1871EuglyphaciliataDifflugiaSetigerellaciliata Ehrenberg, 1871EuglyphaciliataDifflugia Setigerella pilosa Ehrenberg, 1871Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as infrasubspecific taxon Carter, 1864Euglyphaampullacea Hertwig and Lesser, 1874Euglyphaciliata Leidy, 1879 (in part)Euglypha Vejdovsky, 1882 (in part)EuglyphacompressaEuglyphazonata Maggi, 1888 ? Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as infrasubspecific taxon Wailes, 1912Vitosha Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).opes Mt. ; Rila MtPenard, 1890Euglyphasetigera Perty, 1852 (in part)Euglyphaciliata Leidy, 1879 (in part)Euglyphalongispina Tar\u00e1nek, 1881Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Perty, 1849Difflugialaevis Ehrenberg, 1845Euglyphaalveolata Leidy, 1879 (in part)Euglypha Vejdovsky, 1882Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Leidy, 1878Difflugiastrigosa Ehrenberg, 1871EuglyphastrigosaDifflugiaSetigerellastrigosa Ehrenberg, 1871Euglyphaciliatavar.strigosa Leidy, 1879 (in part)Euglyphaheterospina Penard, 1890Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  and Euglyphastrigosaf.heterospina Wailes and Penard, 1911  have also been recorded.Besides the nominal species, two infrasubspecific taxa Dujardin, 1841Difflugiaareolata Ehrenberg, 1841Euglyphaalveolata Dujardin, 1841 (in part)Euglyphatuberculosa Dujardin, 1841Difflugiaalveolata Pritchard, 1861Euglyphapusilla Entz, 1877Euglypha Vejdovsky, 1882Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym Hoogenraad and De Groot 1940, emend Adl et al. 2012Dujardin, 1841Penard, 1890TrinemacomplanatumArcellanidus-pendulus Ehrenberg, 1841 ? Trinemaacinus Leidy, 1879 (in part)Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Bonnet and Thomas, 1960 (Vitosha Mt.) and Trinemacomplanatumvar.globulosa Chardez, 1959  have also been recorded.Besides the nominal species, two infrasubspecific taxa  Leidy, 1878Difflugiaenchelys Ehrenberg, 1838 (in part)Trinemaacinus Dujardin, 1841Arcellaenchelys Ehrenberg, 1844Euglyphapleurostoma Carter, 1857Euglyphaenchelys Wallich, 1864Trinema (Difflugia) encheli Crevier, 1870Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Jung, 1942Trinemaenchelysvar.galeata Penard, 1890Rila Mt.  Golemansky, 1963Trinemaenchelysvar.grandis Chardez, 1960Rila Mt. Arcellahyalina Ehrenberg, 1841Arcellaenchelys Ehrenberg, 1854Trinemaacinus Leidy, 1879 (in part)Trinemaenchelys\u03b2 Awerintzew, 1906 forma Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. Arcelladisphaera Ehrenberg, 1841 (in part)Trinemaacinus Leidy, 1879 (in part)Trinemaconstricta Certes, 1889Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  and Corythiondubiumvar.orbicularis Penard, 1910 (Vitosha Mt.) have also been recorded.Besides the nominal species, two infrasubspecific taxa Thomas, 1961Golemansky, 1966Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Vitosha Mt. ; Vitosha Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Vitosha Mt. (new data). Deflandre, 1931Sphenoderiafissirostrisvar.splendida Playfair, 1917Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (new data); Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).Bonnet, 1979 Bonnet, 1979TrachelocorythionpulchellumEuglyphaminima Perty, 1852 ? Corythionpulchellum Penard, 1890Chorythionpulchellum Awerintzew, 1907TrachelocorythionpulchellumHyalinaneta Jung, 1942 ? Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).opes Mt. ; Rila MtLara et al., 2007Leidy, 1879Greeff, 1888Assulinaseminulum Leidy, 1879 (in part)Assulinaminor Penard, 1890Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Leidy, 1879Difflugiaseminulum Ehrenberg, 1848AssulinaseminulumDifflugiaAssulinaseminulum Ehrenberg, 1871Difflugiasemen Ehrenberg, 1871Euglyphabrunnea Leidy, 1874Euglyphaseminulum Leidy, 1878Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded as infrasubspecific taxon  Leidy, 1879Euglyphaspinosa Carter, 1865Rila Mt. Cyphoderiatrochusvar.amphoralis Wailes and Penard, 1911Pirin Mt. (new data); Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).opes Mt. ; Rila Mt Leidy, 1878Difflugiaampulla Ehrenberg, 1840Difflugialagena Ehrenberg, 1841Cyphoderiamargaritacea Schlumberger, 1845Euglyphacurvata Perty, 1852Lagynisbaltica Schultze, 1854Euglyphaampulla Clapar\u00e8de and Lachmann, 1859Euglyphabaltica Wallich, 1864Euglyphamargaritacea Wallich, 1864Difflugia Ehrenberg, 1869Difflugiaadunca Ehrenberg, 1871Difflugiaalabamensis Ehrenberg, 1871Difflugiauncinnata Ehrenberg, 1871Difflugiamargaritacea Ehrenberg, 1871Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. Cyphoderiamargaritaceavar.major Penard, 1891Pirin Mt. (new data); Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. (new data).Leidy, 1879Penard, 1899Campascustriquetervar.minuta Awerintzew, 1906Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. ; Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt.  Deflandre, 1928Sphenoderialenta Leidy, 1879 (in part)Euglypha Vejdovsky, 1882Euglyphadentata Moniez, 1888Sphenoderiadentata Penard, 1890Pirin Mt. (Rhodopes Mt. (Rila Mt. (Stara Planina Mt. (new data); Vitosha Mt. .The species has been recorded both as nominal species and as synonym de Saedeleer, 1934Hertwig and Lesser, 1874Pamphagusmutabilis Bailey, 1853Pamphagusavidus Leidy, 1879Lecythiummutabile Wailes, 1915Rila Mt. (Rila Mt. .P.mutabilis (Rila Mt.).The species has been recorded as synonym de Saedeleer, 1934Schlumberger, 1845Penard, 1902Rhodopes Mt. .Prior to our investigation, the number of known Nebela (5 species), Sphenoderia (5), Lesquereusia (4), Longinebela (4), Padaungiella (4), Quadrulella (4), Heleopera (3) etc. The most numerous  are the species which are found in Sphagnum mosses but are also common inhabitants of freshwater basins. The genera Difflugia (28), Centropyxis (7) and Arcella (6) have the largest number of representatives in this group. Most likely, some of these species are not usual inhabitants and fall incidentally into the Sphagnum mosses, which develop around the shores of freshwater basins . The relative share of species that are rather inhabitants of soils and soil mosses, but also occur in peatlands is comparatively smaller . Most of them rarely occur and usually have a low population density in Sphagnum mosses . The number of eurybiotic species, which are widely distributed in diverse habitats, including peatlands, is the smallest. Twenty one species  can be referred to eurybionts. Of these, the most frequently occurring in Spagnum mosses are Centropyxisaerophila, Corythiondubium, Cyclopyxiseurystoma, Euglyphalaevis, Phryganellaacropodia, Trinema lineare etc.About 30% (51 species) of all recorded testate amoebae are typical sphagnicolous inhabitants, which only exceptionally can be found in other habitats. These are mostly the representatives of the genera Difflugia (32), Centropyxis (17), Euglypha (13), Arcella (10) and Nebela (8) have the greatest species richness. These five genera constitute about 47% of all testate amoebae recorded in Sphagnum mosses in Bulgaria. Of the other genera, 23 are represented with 2-5 species and 15 with one species only.On a generic level, the genera Difflugiidae , Hyalospheniidae , Centropyxidae , Euglyphidae  and Arcellidae , which together make up two thirds of Sphagnum-dwelling testate amoebae in Bulgaria. Six families are represented by one species of one genus only .From families, the largest richness have Arcellinida, which includes 128 species of 28 genera and 11 families, followed by the order Euglyphida with 42 species of 14 genera and 8 families and finally by the order Amphitremida with one species of 1 genus and 1 family only.At a higher taxonomic level, the most numerous is the order Supplementary material 1Sphagum-dwelling testate amoebae from Bulgaria_Distribution dataChecklist of Data type: Distribution dataSphagnum mosses in Bulgaria on the basis of literature and of additional data, obtained in our research over the past two years.Brief description: Data for the distribution of testate amoebae in File: oo_193063.xlsxNikola Bankov, Milcho Todorov and Anna GanevaSupplementary material 2Sampling sites informationData type: Sampling sites dataSphagnum moss species, as well as many physical and chemical parameters of the sampling sites.Brief description: Data concerning sampling sites, including date, region, altitude, coordinates, File: oo_190421.xlsxNikola Bankov, Milcho Todorov and Anna Ganeva"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 24978; 10.1038/srep24978 published online: 04262016; updated: 10102016.This Article contains errors in Reference 44 which was incorrectly given as:Plant Signal. Behav.8(10), e26762 (2013)\u2019.\u2018Kumar, M., Singh, H., Shukla, A., Verma, P. C. & Singh, P. Induction and establishment of somatic embryogenesis in elite Indian cotton cultivar (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Khandwa-2). The correct reference is listed below:International Journal of Bio-Technology and Research3(1), 81\u201390 (2013).Kumar, M., Shukla, A. K., Singh, H., Verma, P. C. & Singh, P. K. A genotype-independent Agrobacterium mediated transformation of germinated embryo of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)."}
{"text": "The correct name should be: Ofer Isakov. The correct citation should be: Ben-Shachar S, Yanai H, Sherman Horev H, Elad H, Baram L, Isakov O, et al. (2016) MicroRNAs Expression in the Ileal Pouch of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Is Robustly Up-Regulated and Correlates with Disease Phenotypes. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0159956. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Jay J. Van Bavel. The correct citation is: Park G, Van Bavel JJ, Hill LK, Williams DP, Thayer JF (2016) Social Groups Prioritize Selective Attention to Faces: How Social Identity Shapes Distractor Interference. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0161426. doi:Additionally, there are typos in the x-axis in"}
{"text": "The correct names are: Shinya Obayashi, Yusuke Inagaki, Hiroki Takikawa. The correct citation is: Obayashi S, Inagaki Y, Takikawa H (2016) The Condition for Generous Trust. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0166437. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Michael Marks. The correct citation is Butcher RMR, Sokana O, Jack K, Macleod CK, Marks M, et al. (2016) Low Prevalence of Conjunctival Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in a Treatment-Na\u00efve Trachoma-Endemic Region of the Solomon Islands. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(9): e0004863. doi:"}
{"text": "In 2012, the percentages of adults with limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) and limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) increased with age. Adults aged \u226575 years were the most likely to require the help of another person with ADLs and with IADLs.Source: Adams PF, Kirzinger WK, Martinez ME. Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 2012. Vital Health Stat 2013;10(259). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_259.pdf.Reported by: Patricia F. Adams, pfa1@cdc.gov, 301-458-4063; Michael E. Martinez, MPH, MHSA; Whitney K. Kirzinger, MPH."}
{"text": "PLoS ONE 11(10): e0165247. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165247The second author\u2019s name appears incorrectly in the published article. The correct name is: Mahmoud M. Elnaggar. The correct citation is: Park KT, Elnaggar MM, Abdellrazeq GS, Bannantine JP, Mack V, Fry LM, et al. (2016) Phenotype and Function of CD209"}
{"text": "West J Emerg Med. 2017 October;18(6):1010\u20131017Trends in Regionalization of Care for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.Hsia RY, Sabbagh S, Sarkar N, Sporer K, Rokos IC, Brown JF, Brindis RG, Guo J, Shen YErratum inConflict of Interest statement on page 1016 to include grant award number R01HL114822.West J Emerg Med. 2018 May;19(3)630]. The authors would like to revise the PMCID: PMC5654868 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]"}
{"text": "Upon a re-analysis of the data, there were errors in the p-values reported in Table 1 and Table 2. The revised p-values for Tables 1 and 2 are as follows:Table 1 Individual p-values: TG: 0.910 ; DR: 0.434; TS: 0.79; AD: 0.539; SG: 0.089. Aggregated p-value of 0.512Table 2 Individual p-values: MG: 0.021; LT: 0.0004; KF: 0.2891; KM: 1.54 10-5; NH: 0.0004; CC: 0.146; AM: 0.0034; CS: 0.0063; JB: 0.0004; VC: 0.146; AD: 0.0385. Aggregate probability : < 2.2 10-16.The full, corrected Table 1 can be viewed here: The full, corrected Table 2 can be viewed here: The results with acetophenone are indistinguishable from chance; those with cyclopentadecanone are highly statistically significant. Those were the main findings of the article and they remain unchanged by the modifications noted above.In addition, the funding source in the acknowledgments section was incompletely specified. The full description of funding sources is as follows:Funded by the Greek Ministry of Education and Research, General Secretariat for Research and Technology under the framework ESPA 2013-2017, program ARISTEIA 2303 to EMCS."}
{"text": "Present: The currently listed funding information is incorrect.Corrected: The proper funding information is listed below.30133-30146. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8780Original article: Oncotarget. 2016; 7(21):FUNDINGThis work was supported by Menarini Spain, grants PI 15/00598 from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS) Carlos III Institute to A.A.; SAF2013-47611R from The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and grant S2010 / BMD-2321 (FIBROTEAM Consortium) from Autonomous Community of Madrid to M.L.-C .; G.L. Was Fully supported from the European EuTRiPD Marie Curie Project."}
{"text": "Indirana from the Western Ghats states of Karnataka and Kerala. We also provide new genetic and morphological data along with confirmed distribution records for all the species known prior to this study. This updated systematic revision of family Ranixalidae will facilitate future studies and provide vital information for conservation assessment of these relic frogs.The monotypic anuran family Ranixalidae is endemic to India, with a predominant distribution in the Western Ghats, a region that is home to several unique amphibian lineages. It is also one of the three ancient anuran families that diversified on the Indian landmass long before several larger radiations of extant frogs in this region. In recent years, ranixalids have been subjected to DNA barcoding and systematic studies. Nearly half of the presently recognized species in this family have been described over the last three years, along with recognition of a new genus to accommodate three previously known members. Our surveys in the Western Ghats further suggest the presence of undescribed diversity in this group, thereby increasing former diversity estimates. Based on rapid genetic identification using a mitochondrial gene, followed by phylogenetic analyses with an additional nuclear gene and detailed morphological studies including examination of museum specimens, new collections, and available literature, here we describe two new species belonging to the genus  Indirana\u2019  for the Indian endemic members of subgenus Discodeles Boulenger 1920, and recognized it as a distinct genus. Subsequently, this radiation was recognized worthy of higher taxonomic considerations Species included. Indirana beddomii (G\u00fcnther 1876) Indirana bhadraisp. nov., I. brachytarsus (G\u00fcnther 1876), I. chiravasi Padhye Modak and Dahanukar 2014, I. duboisi Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye and Molur, 2016, I. gundia (Dubois 1986), I. leithii (Boulenger 1888), Indirana paramakrisp. nov., I. salelkari Modak, Dahanukar, Gosavi, and Padhye 2015, I. sarojamma Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye and Molur 2016, I. semipalmata (Boulenger 1882), I. tysoni Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye and Molur, 2016, I. yadera Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye and Molur 2016.Note. Dahanukar et al. [Rana (Discodeles) tenuilingua Rao 1937 [= Indirana tenuilingua (Rao 1937)] as incertae sedis under the genus Indirana, and Philautus longicrus Rao 1937 [= Indirana longicrus (Rao 1937)] as incertae sedis under the order Anura. Further studies will be required to confirm the taxonomic status of these two taxa , Tamil Nadu state in the south, through the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, upto Surat Dangs in southern Gujarat Species included. Sallywalkerana diplosticta (G\u00fcnther 1876), S. leptodactyla (Boulenger 1882), and S. phrynoderma (Boulenger 1882).Distribution. The geographical range is restricted to south of Palghat gap in the Western Ghats. Distribution extends from Athirimala (Thiruvananthapuram district) to Eravikulam (Idukki district) in Kerala, and from Kakkachi (Tirunelveli district) to Valparai (Coimbatore district) in Tamil Nadu. For details of distribution records reported in the present study see Salient morphological characters. Male SVL 22.0\u201334.0 mm, female SVL 27.0\u201339.0 mm; pupil oval; presence of discontinuous dorsal skin folds or prominent skin warts; presence of various sized blotches on the ventral surface; vomerine teeth present; tongue emarginated posteriorly with lingual papillae; tympanum well-developed, smaller than horizontal diameter of eye Spotted Leaping Frog Figs Original name and description. Ixalus diplostictus G\u00fcnther 1876. Third report on collections of Indian reptiles obtained by the British Museum, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1876 \u201c1875\u201d: 574. Lectotype. NHM 1874.4.29.1412 (ex BMNH 1947.2.2.21), designated by Dahanukar et al. ).ghat gap . The excet al. ). yadera) . With thIndirana longicrus and I. tenuilingua, which have been considered as incertae sedis by Dahanukar et al. [I. longicrus and I. tenuilingua [I. duboisi [I. gundia [I. longicrus, since this nominal taxon represents a member of the genus Indirana, as also previously noted by Bossuyt and Dubois [I. longicrus and I. tenuilingua. At the same time, we find it important to point that available names should not be overlooked simply because of unavailability of type specimens and vague descriptions [Through this work, we also draw attention to the taxonomic status of r et al. . Longstar et al.  have exir et al. , 33 or nuilingua  discuss uilingua , 17, the duboisi  and I. g. gundia  , whriptions , 49, 53)riptions .S1 FigIndirana semipalmata, male (SDBDU 2015.3034) with femoral glands. (A) In life. (B) In preservation. (C) I. gundia, male (MNHN 1985.0633) with femoral glands (in preservation). (D) I. brachytarsus, male (SDBDU 2015.2931), without femoral glands (in life). (E) Sallywalkerana leptodactyla, male (SDBDU 2003.40336), without femoral glands (in life). (F) S. phrynoderma, female (SDBDU 2002.1 181), having a distinct bluish-black ventral surface with scattered grey color speckles (in life). (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S2 FigIndirana beddomii group. (A) I. beddomii, male (SDBDU 2010.225) and female (SDBDU 2011.961). (B) I. bhadrai, female (ZSI/WGRC/V/A887). (C) I. brachytarsus, male (SDBDU 2015.2931) and female (SDBDU 2012.814). (D) I. leithii, male (SDBDU 2014. 2515) and female (SDBDU 2014.2514). (E) I. sarojamma, male (SDBDU 2002.334) and female (SDBDU 2002.516). (F) I. tysoni, male (SDBDU 2012.74) and female (SDBDU 2012.73). (G) I. yadera, male (SDBDU 2012.2744) and female (SDBDU 2015.3155). (H\u2013M) Indirana semipalmata group. (H) I. chiravasi, male (SDBDU 2012.2125) and female (SDBDU 2015.3087). (I) I. duboisi, male (SDBDU 2003.1086) and female (SDBDU 2011.1399). (J) I. gundia, male (MNHN 1985.0633) and female (MNHN 1985.0621). (K) I. paramakri, male (SDBDU 2005.3741) and female (ZSI/WGRC/V/A888). (L) I. salelkari, female (SDBDU 2011.1330). (M) I. semipalmata, male (SDBDU 2015.3035) and female (SDBDU 2006.4773A). (N\u2013P) Genus Sallywalkerana. (N) S. diplosticta, male (SDBDU 2003.40103) and female (SDBDU 2002.513). (O) S. leptodactyla, male (SDBDU 2004.40336) and female (SDBDU 2013.911). (P) S. phrynoderma, male (SDBDU 2002.1181).(A\u2013G) (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S3 FigIndirana beddomii group. (A) I. beddomii, female (SDBDU 2011.961). (B) I. bhadrai, female (ZSI/WGRC/V/A887). (C) I. brachytarsus, female (SDBDU 2002.4091). (D) I. leithii, female (SDBDU 2002.2010). (E) I. sarojamma, female (SDBDU 2002.516). (F) I. tysoni, female (SDBDU 2012.73). (G) I. yadera, male (SDBDU 2012.2744). (H\u2013M) Indirana semipalmata group. (H) I. chiravasi, female (SDBDU 2015.3087). (I) I. duboisi, male (SDBDU 2003.1086). (J) I. gundia, male (MNHN 1985.0633). (K) I. paramakri, female (ZSI/WGRC/V/A888). (L) I. salelkari, female (SDBDU 2011.1330). (M) I. semipalmata, female (SDBDU 2006.4773). (N\u2013P) Genus Sallywalkerana. (N) S. diplosticta, female (SDBDU 2002.1249). (O) S. leptodactyla, female (SDBDU 2002.917). (P) S. phrynoderma, male (SDBDU 2002.1181).(A\u2013G) (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S4 FigPolypedates beddomii (= Indirana beddomii), NHM 74.4.29.208 (ex BMNH 1947.2.27.72), female. (F\u2013J) Lectotype of Polypedates brachytarsus (= Indirana brachytarsus), NHM 74.4.29.1307 (ex BMNH 1947.2.27.92), female.From left to right: Dorsal view, ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of hand, ventral view of foot. (A\u2013E) Lectotype of (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S5 FigRana leithii (= Indirana leithii), NHM 69.8.28.50 (ex BMNH 1947.2.28.17), female. (F\u2013J) Indirana sarojamma, SDBDU 2002.516, female.From left to right: Dorsal view, ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of hand, ventral view of foot. (A\u2013E) Holotype of (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S6 FigIndirana tysoni, SDBDU 2012.73, female. (F\u2013J) Indirana yadera, SDBDU 2012.2744, male.From left to right: Dorsal view, ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of hand, ventral view of foot. (A\u2013E) (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S7 FigIndirana chiravasi, SDBDU 2015.3087, female. (F\u2013J) Indirana duboisi, SDBDU 2003.1086, male.From left to right: Dorsal view, ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of hand, ventral view of foot. (A\u2013E) (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S8 FigRanixalus gundia (= Indirana gundia), MNHN 1985.0633, male. (F\u2013J) Indirana salelkari, SDBDU 2011.1330, female. (K\u2013O) Lectotype of Rana semipalmata , NHM 74.4.29.605 (ex BMNH 1947.2.29.50), female.From left to right: Dorsal view, ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of hand, ventral view of foot. (A\u2013E) Holotype of (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S9 FigIxalus diplostictus , NHM 74.4.29.1412 (ex BMNH 1947.2.2.21), female. (F\u2013J) Lectotype of Rana leptodactyla , NHM 74.4.29.593 (ex BMNH 1947.2.29.39), female. (K\u2013O) Lectotype of Rana phrynoderma , NHM 82.2.10.21 (ex BMNH 1947.2.3.8), female.From left to right: Dorsal view, ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of hand, ventral view of foot. (A\u2013E) Lectotype of (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S1 File(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S1 TableLocalities are arranged by State.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S2 Table(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S3 TableThe table gives mean and standard deviation values over all pairwise comparisons among individuals or populations of a species. N is the number of individuals for each species. The original p-distances are shown in percentage.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S4 TableThe table gives mean and standard deviation values over all pairwise comparisons of individuals sequenced from the two taxa being compared. N is the number of pairwise comparisons. N1 and N2 represent number of individuals for Taxon 1 and Taxon 2, respectively. The original p-distances are shown in percentage.(PDF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The correct name is Dmytro Donchuk. The correct citation is: Capileno YA, Van den Bergh R, Donchuk D, Hinderaker SG, Hamid S, Auat R, et al. (2017) Management of chronic Hepatitis C at a primary health clinic in the high-burden context of Karachi, Pakistan. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0175562."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ahna R. Skop. The correct citation is: Bonner MK, Han BH, Skop AR (2013) Profiling of the Mammalian Mitotic Spindle Proteome Reveals an ER Protein, OSTD-1, as Being Necessary for Cell Division and ER Morphology. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77051. doi:"}
{"text": "Conostigmus Dahlbom 1858 occurring in Madagascar, based on data from more specimens than were examined for the latest world revision of the genus. Our results yield new information about intraspecific variability and the nature of the atypical latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) observed in Ceraphronoidea. We also investigate cellular processes that underlie body size polyphenism, by utilizing the correspondence between epidermal cells and scutes, polygonal units of leather-like microsculpture. Our results reveal that body size polyphenism in Megaspilidae is most likely related to cell number and not cell size variation, and that cell size differs between epithelial fields of the head and that of the mesosoma. Three species, Conostigmus ballescoracasC. babaiax Dessart, 1996 and C. longulusC. longulus are described for the first time, as are nine new species: C. bucephalus Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov., C. clavatus Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov., C. fianarantsoaensis Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov., C. lucidus Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov., C. macrocupula, Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov., C. madagascariensis Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov., C. missyhazenae Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov., C. pseudobabaiax Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov., and C. toliaraensis Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov. A fully illustrated identification key for Malagasy Conostigmus species and a Web Ontology Language (OWL) representation of the taxonomic treatment, including specimen data, nomenclature, and phenotype descriptions, in both natural and formal languages, are provided.We revise the genus  Conostigmus Dahlbom, 1858 is the second most species-rich genus of Megaspilidae (Ceraphronoidea), a hymenopteran family showing a reverse latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) in species richness  and was based on only 145 specimens  to 4.5 mm, , up to four-fold intraspecific variability has been reported in Ceraphronoidea  species  making it feasible to observe and examine scutes  and extended focus images were annotated and modified with Adobe Photoshop 6\u2122  using Adjust/Filter/Unsharp mask and Image/Adjustments/Exposure (Gamma correction) tools.2O2 for 20 min, rinsed in distilled water for 30 min and dehydrated with 25 and 50% ethanol for 15\u201315 min, then transferred to a glycerol droplet on a concavity slide  and dissected. This protocol preserves muscle tissue while bleaching melanized structures, making them transparent for confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Metasomata were removed from the specimens and placed in 35% HSample preparation for CLSM followed Soft and sclerotized anatomical structures in arthropods tend to fluoresce with different intensities at different wavelength intervals . CLSM tiConostigmus longulus2; rectangular area was assigned on the extended focal images for recording scute pattern. The lateral vertices of the medially-positioned rectangle were adjacent with the scutoscutellar sulcus on the mesonotum, while the rectangle was positioned medially on the frons with equal distance from the anterior ocellus and the intertorular carina. Scutes overlapping this area (including scutes adjacent to the margin of the rectangle) were counted and the longest diameter of each scute was measured. Measurements were taken on the images while constantly checking their accuracy on live view at 200\u2013500\u00d7 magnification (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0000432) to infer body size in our statistical analysis.For the morphometric analysis on scute patterns, extended focal images of the frons and the mesocutellar-axillar complex of 14 fication  and 2B. fication  and 31B.http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3848544; http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3848547.v1).Volume rendered CLSM micrographs and media files and scaleable vector (.msi) annotated extended focal images of the frons and mesoscutum, complete with scute measurements, IOS and rectangles can be accessed from Figshare . Taxonomic history, description, and material examined sections (http://hymao.org), Phenotypic Quality Ontology , Biospatial Ontology  and Common Anatomy Reference Ontology .Taxonomic nomenclature, specimen information, OTU concepts, original brightfield images and natural language (NL) phenotype representations were compiled in mx (sections  were renhttp://protege.stanford.edu/) using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) Manchester syntax (http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-manchester-syntax/) following http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/; accessed 4 February 2014) representation of the full data set was deposited as a single Resource Description Framework (RDF)-XML file  in the Github repository .Natural language phenotypes are represented in \u201cEntity attribute: value\u201d format. Semantic statements for phenotype descriptions were created in Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 5.0.0-beta-16  will represent a published work according to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and hence the new names contained in the electronic version are effectively published under that Code from the electronic edition alone. This published work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank, the online registration system for the ICZN. The ZooBank LSIDs (Life Science Identifiers) can be resolved and the associated information viewed through any standard web browser by appending the LSID to the prefix i.e., the specimen preparation obscured these parts). One specimen was found to have measurements four standard deviations from the mean, and was removed from subsequent analyses. Removal of this influential point from linear regression and further statistical analyses was justified by the reduction in statistical power caused by its inclusion in our small sample size . In the mesoscutellar region, scute length had a stronger negative correlation with scute number (R2 = 0.7149943).Measurements were tested for normalcy and found to not follow the normal distribution, even after removal of the outlier from analyses. The scutes in a 9,636 \u03bcmhe frons . On the he frons . Median 2. There was no significant difference in average scute size between the frons and mesoscutellar regions in this sample when analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test .In individuals where average scute size and diameter were measured on both the frons and the mesoscutellum, we found a variation in median cell length ranging from 11.43 to 17.22 \u03bcm. Wilcoxon rank-sum test revealed a significant difference in cell length between the frons and mesoscutellar regions . Measurements of average scute size varied from 90.95 to 119.02 \u03bcm2 = 0.001341984). The correlation between cell number and IOS was much stronger and weakly positive (R2 = 0.1114898).Interorbital space was used as a measure of body size for all 14 specimens examined. Linear regression analysis for the relationship between scute size and body size was carried out using measurements for interorbital space and the measurements of average frons scute size, which were available for all measured specimens . CorrelaConostigmus Dahlbom, 1858Diagnosis: It is not possible to provide a diagnosis for all megaspiline species that are currently classified as Conostigmus. The present treatment includes those Malagasi megaspilid specimens that have a sternaulus, an OOL longer than POL, a mesosoma that is higher than wide and lacks a bifurcated anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex, a harpe, which is independent from the gonostyleand/or whose parossiculi are discontinuous medially and are independent from the gonostyle. Megaspilus has bifurcated anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex; Dendrocerus Ratzeburg and Creator Alekseev has OOL shorter than POL and medially continuous parossiculi that are continuous with gonostyle and lack sternaulus; Trichosteresis F\u00f6rster has a harpe that is fused with the gonostyle and the mesosoma is wider than high in Platyceraphron Kieffer.Conostigmus babaiaxDessart, 19976Diagnosis:Conostigmus babaiax Dessart, 1996 shares the presence of a prognathous head  and the presence of transverse scutes on the ventral region of frons with Conostigmus longulusC. toliaraensis sp. nov. and C. pseudobabaiax sp. nov. Conostigmus babaiax, C. toliaraensis sp. nov. and C. pseudobabaiax differ from all other Conostigmus species by the presence of ventromedian and ventrolateral white, setiferous patches on the frons. The lateral ocellar line (LOL) is longer than ocular ocellar line (OOL) in Conostigmus babaiax and the LOL is shorter than OOL in C. toliaraensis sp. nov. and C. pseudobabaiax sp. nov.Description: Body length: 2,200 \u03bcm. Color intensity pattern: NOT CODED. Color hue pattern: scape, pedicel, F1\u2013F3, head, anterior mesosoma ochre, F4\u2013F9, posterior mesosoma, metasoma brown, legs except darker proximal regions of meso and metacoxae yellow. Occipital carina sculpture: smooth. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is dorsal to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: NOT CODED. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina shape: NOT CODED. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: Preoccipital furrow ends inside ocellar triangle. Postocellar carina count: absent. Male OOL: posterior ocellar line (POL): LOL: NOT CODED. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 0.85:0.85:1.00. Head width vs. interorbital space (HW/IOS) Male: NOT CODED. HW/IOS Female: 2.65. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Transverse scutes on frons count: present. Rugose region on frons count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on frons count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: present. Facial pit count: no external corresponding structure present. Supraclypeal depression count: absent. Supraclypeal depression structure: NOT CODED. Intertorular carina count: present. Intertorular area count: present. Median region of intertorular area shape: flat. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Torulo-clypeal carina count: absent. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Female flagellomere one length vs. pedicel: 1.09. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7 + F8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: NOT CODED. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: NOT CODED. Male flagellomere one length vs. male second flagellomere length: NOT CODED. Male flagellomere one length vs. pedicel length: NOT CODED. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: flat. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: not adjacent to transscutal articulation . Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular carina shape: NOT CODED. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit absent; epicnemial carina interrupted medially. Epicnemial carina count: present only laterally. Sternaulus count: absent. Sternaulus length: NOT CODED. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted \u201cU\u201d . Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse carina on petiole shape: concave. Distal margin of male S9 shape: NOT CODED. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: NOT CODED. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: NOT CODED. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: NOT CODED. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: NOT CODED. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: NOT CODED. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width vs. length: NOT CODED. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex length relative to length of gonostyle-volsella complex: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: NOT CODED. Distal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex shape: NOT CODED. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): NOT CODED. Apical parossiculal seta number: NOT CODED. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: NOT CODED. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: NOT CODED. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: NOT CODED. Harpe length: NOT CODED. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: NOT CODED. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: NOT CODED. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: NOT CODED. Lateral setae of harpe count: NOT CODED. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: NOT CODED. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: NOT CODED. Lateral margin of harpe shape: NOT CODED.Material examined: Holotype female: MADAGASCAR: PSUC_FEM 000006723, COLL. MUS. Congo Madagascar: Mandraka II-1944 A. Seyrig HOLOTYPUS Holotype Prep. micros-copique n 9508/051 (deposited in MRAC).Conostigmus ballescoracasDessart, 19979Diagnosis:Conostigmus ballescoracasConostigmus species by the presence of a strong preoccipital carina that is continuous with the orbital carina, the presence of randomly sized areolae around the setal pits on the frons : NOT CODED. Apical parossiculal seta number: NOT CODED. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: NOT CODED. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: NOT CODED. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: NOT CODED. Harpe length: NOT CODED. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: NOT CODED. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: NOT CODED. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: NOT CODED. Lateral setae of harpe count: NOT CODED. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: NOT CODED. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: NOT CODED. Lateral margin of harpe shape: NOT CODED.Material examined: Holotype female: CONGO: PSUC_FEM 8883 Congo Belge: P.N.A 7-XIII-1953 H. Synave 6853 Massif Ruwenzori Mont Ngulingo pres Nyamgaleke, 2,500 m, ex P.N.A HOLOTYPE Prep. micros-copique n 9507/241 (deposited in MRAC).Other material : MADAGASCAR: 2 females. CASENT 2001391, 2016542 (CAS).Conostigmus bucephalus Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.12Diagnosis :Conostigmus bucephalus sp. nov. differs from other Conostigmus species in the presence of the antennal scrobe and the size of impressions around the setal pits on the head: impressions are larger than scutes on the cranium and mesonotum in Conostigmus bucephalus sp. nov. whereas in other Malagasy species depressions are smaller than scutes on the cranium and mesonotum.Description: Body length: 2,575 \u03bcm. Color intensity pattern: distal scape, legs except hind coxa lighter than metasoma. Color hue pattern: Cranium, mesosoma brown; antenna, legs except brown metacoxa, metasoma ochre. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is dorsal to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: absent. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina shape: NOT CODED. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: Preoccipital furrow ends posterior to ocellar triangle. Postocellar carina count: absent. Male OOL: POL: LOL: NOT CODED. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 1.0:1.2:1.0. HW/IOS Male: NOT CODED. HW/IOS Female: 2.2. Setal pit on vertex size: larger than diameter of scutes. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Transverse scutes on frons count: present. Rugose region on frons count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on frons count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: present. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: absent. Facial pit count: no external corresponding structure present. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Supraclypeal depression structure: present medially, inverted U-shaped. Intertorular carina count: present. Intertorular area count: absent. Median region of intertorular area shape: NOT CODED. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: adjacent. Torulo-clypeal carina count: absent. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Female flagellomere one length vs. pedicel: 0.7. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7 + F8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: NOT CODED. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: NOT CODED. Male flagellomere one length vs. male second flagellomere length: NOT CODED. Male flagellomere one length vs. pedicel length: NOT CODED. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: flat. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular carina shape: NOT CODED. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit absent; epicnemial carina interrupted medially. Epicnemial carina count: present only laterally. Sternaulus count: absent. Sternaulus length: NOT CODED. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted \u201cY\u201d . Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse carina on petiole shape: concave. Distal margin of male S9 shape: NOT CODED. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: NOT CODED. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: NOT CODED. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: NOT CODED. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: NOT CODED. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: NOT CODED. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width vs. length: NOT CODED. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex length relative to length of gonostyle-volsella complex: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: NOT CODED. Distal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex shape: NOT CODED. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): NOT CODED. Apical parossiculal seta number: NOT CODED. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: NOT CODED. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: NOT CODED. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: NOT CODED. Harpe length: NOT CODED. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: NOT CODED. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: NOT CODED. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: NOT CODED. Lateral setae of harpe count: NOT CODED. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: NOT CODED. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: NOT CODED. Lateral margin of harpe shape: NOT CODED.Etymology: The species epithet bucephalus (Ancient Greek: bou\u03ba\u2032\u025b\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3o\u03c2 = ox-head) refers to the unique shape of the head that is certainly impacted by the distinct antennal scrobe .Conostigmus clavatus Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.17Diagnosis:Conostigmus clavatus sp. nov. shares the presence of the axillular carina, bulging eyes and medially convex intertorular area (and intertorular carina) with C. uninasutus Alekseev, 1994 and C. binasutus Dessart & Cancemi, 1987 and differs from them in the enlarged distal-most female flagellomere : present (not fused with the gonostipes). Apical parossiculal seta number: one; two. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: setae as long or shorter than harpe width. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: distomedially. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: medially. Lateral setae of harpe count: present. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: oriented distally. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: blunt. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is at its articulation site with gonostyle-volsella complex.Etymology: The species epithet clavatus refers to the enlarged apical female flagellomere, resembling a club (F9 > F8 + F7 + F6).Comments:Conostigmus clavatus, C. binasutus and C. uninasutus share numerous morphological traits with Megaspilus Westwood, 1929 including the presence of bulging eyes, the crenulate and distinct ocular suture, the presence of the axillular carina and the large body size . Females of all Conostigmus species exhibit a distinct clava with three rows of ventral, female specific basiconic sensilla . The antenna of female Megaspilus is filiform and lacks ventral basiconic sensilla .Material examined: Holotype male: MADAGASCAR: Province Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana, Vohiparara at broken bridge, Malaise trap in high altitude rainforest, 22\u201328.11.2001, R. Harin\u2019Hala, CASENT 2044514 (deposited in CAS). Paratypes : MADAGASCAR: seven males, four females. CASENT 2002179, 2032775, 2044150, 2045085, 2045509, 2045602, 2045755, 2046024, 2046178\u20132046179, 2053642 .Conostigmus fianarantsoaensis Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.21Diagnosis:Conostigmus fianarantsoensis sp. nov. is most similar to C. madagascariensis sp. nov. among Malagasy Conostigmus and differs from it by the following characters: mandible with one tooth (mandible with two teeth in C. madagascariensis); flagellar setae shorter than the flagellomere width ; blunt proximolateral projection of cupula (acute in C. madagascariensis); V-shaped (notched) proximodorsal notch of cupula (U-shaped (arched) in C. madagascariensis); blunt distal end of dorsomedial conjunctiva of gonostyle/volsella complex (acute in C. madagascariensis); and the acute distal margin of harpe in lateral view (blunt in C. madagascariensis).Description: Body length: 1,150\u20132,300 \u03bcm. Color intensity pattern: metasoma and mandible lighter than mesosoma. Color hue pattern: F3\u2013F8, cranium, mandible, metasoma, tegula brown; legs, except brown proximal region of metacoxa and distal region of metafemur, scape, pedicel, F1\u2013F4 yellow. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is ventral to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: present. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina shape: NOT CODED. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: Preoccipital furrow ends posterior to ocellar triangle. Postocellar carina count: absent. Male OOL: POL: LOL: 1.4\u20131.8:1.5\u20131.8:1. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 1.7\u20132.3:1.7\u20131.8:1.0. HW/IOS Male: 1.6\u20131.9. HW/IOS Female: 2.0\u20132.2. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Transverse scutes on frons count: absent. Rugose region on frons count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on frons count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: absent. Facial pit count: facial pit present. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Supraclypeal depression structure: absent medially, represented by two grooves laterally of facial pit. Intertorular carina count: present. Intertorular area count: present. Median region of intertorular area shape: flat. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Torulo-clypeal carina count: present. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 1. Female flagellomere one length vs. pedicel: 0.8\u20131.16. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7 + F8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F5\u2013F9. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: setae shorter than width of flagellomeres. Male flagellomere one length vs. male second flagellomere length: 1.2\u20131.4. Male flagellomere one length vs. pedicel length: 2.9\u20133.3. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: flat. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent; not adjacent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular carina shape: NOT CODED. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit present; epicnemial carina curved. Epicnemial carina count: interupted medially; complete. Sternaulus count: present. Sternaulus length: short, not reaching 1/2 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted \u201cY\u201d . Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse carina on petiole shape: straight. Distal margin of male S9 shape: straight. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: blunt. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: present. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: notched. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: blunt. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width vs. length: wider than long. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex length relative to length of gonostyle-volsella complex: dorsomedian conjunctiva extending 2/3 of length of gonostyle-volsella complex in dorsal view. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: present. Distal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex shape: blunt. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): present (not fused with the gonostipes). Apical parossiculal seta number: one. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: setae as long or shorter than harpe width. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: medially. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: medially. Lateral setae of harpe count: present. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: oriented distally. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: acute. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is at its articulation site with gonostyle-volsella complex.Etymology: The species epithet refers to the Fianarantsoa Province of Madagascar, where all specimens of this species were collected.Comments: This species is very similar to Conostigmus madagascariensis sp. nov., and the two might possibly represent a single species.Material examined: Holotype male: MADAGASCAR: Ranomafana JIRAMA water works, Malaise trap near river, 16.10\u20138.11.2001, R. Harin\u2019Hala, CASENT 2053691 (deposited in CAS). Paratypes : MADAGASCAR: 17 males, one sex unknown, three females. CASENT 2022988, 2044151, 2045601, 2045741, 2045975, 2046177, 2046180, 2053303, 2053306, 2053641, 2053667; IM 2288; PSUC_FEM 79695, 79734, 79737\u201379738, 79740, 79749, 79756, 79760, 79762 .Conostigmus longulusDessart, 199726Diagnosis:Conostigmus longulusC. babaiax Dessart, 1996, C. toliaraensis sp. nov. and C. pseudobabaiax sp. nov. Conostigmus longulus differs from C. babaiax, C. toliaraensis sp. nov. and C. pseudobabaiax in the presence of an impression surrounding the frontal pit, the absence of white setal patches on the frons, and the presence of the transverse frontal carina. Conostigmus longulus differs from other Conostigmus species in the distodorsal orientation of the sensillar ring of the harpe .Description: Body length: 1,750\u20132,450 \u03bcm. Color intensity pattern: ventral region of cranium is lighter than dorsal region of cranium. Color hue pattern: Legs except proximal region of metacoxa and distal region of metafemur, mouthparts yellow; rest of body ochre; Legs except proximal region of metacoxa and distal 2/3 of metafemur, mouthparts, scape and F1 orange; rest of body brown. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is dorsal to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: NOT CODED. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina shape: NOT CODED. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: Preoccipital furrow ends inside ocellar triangle. Postocellar carina count: absent. Male OOL: POL: LOL: 1.1\u20131.2:1:1. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 1.2\u20131.3:1.0:1.0. HW/IOS Male: 2.0\u20132.5. HW/IOS Female: 2.3\u20132.4. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Transverse frontal carina count: present. Transverse scutes on frons count: present. Rugose region on frons count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on frons count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: absent. Facial pit count: facial pit present. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Supraclypeal depression structure: present medially, inverted U-shaped. Intertorular carina count: present. Intertorular area count: present. Median region of intertorular area shape: flat. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Torulo-clypeal carina count: absent. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Female flagellomere one length vs. pedicel: F1 as long as pedicel (1.0\u20131.1). Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7 + F8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F4\u2013F9; F5\u2013F9. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: setae shorter than width of flagellomeres. Male flagellomere one length vs. male second flagellomere length: 1.2\u20131.4. Male flagellomere one length vs. pedicel length: 2.4\u20132.5. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: flat. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular carina shape: NOT CODED. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit absent; epicnemial carina interrupted medially. Epicnemial carina count: present only laterally. Sternaulus count: absent; present. Sternaulus length: short, not reaching 1/2 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted \u201cY\u201d ; straight . Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse carina on petiole shape: concave. Distal margin of male S9 shape: convex. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: blunt. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: present. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: arched. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: acute. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width vs. length: wider than long. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex length relative to length of gonostyle-volsella complex: dorsomedian conjunctiva extending 2/3 of length of gonostyle-volsella complex in dorsal view. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: present. Distal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex shape: acute. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): present (not fused with the gonostipes). Apical parossiculal seta number: one. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: setae two times as long as harpe width. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: distomedially. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: dorsomedially. Lateral setae of harpe count: present. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: oriented distally. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: acute. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is at its articulation site with gonostyle-volsella complex.Comments: Males and females are variable in color pattern: in smaller males the coloration is lighter; the legs except the proximal region of hind coxa and distal 2/3 of hind femur, mouthparts, scape and F1 are yellow and the rest of the body is ochre, whereas in larger males the colors of these body parts are orange and brown. In most female specimens, the legs except the proximal region of the hind coxa and the distal 2/3 of hind femur, mouthparts, distal part of scape, pedicel and F1\u2013F4 are yellow and the rest of the body is brown, whereas in one specimen (CAS2002193), only the distal 1/5 of the scape is yellow and the rest of the antenna is brown. The length of the preoccipital furrow is variable, from reaching the anterior 1/5 of the length of the ocellar triangle (CAS204825) to barely exceeding POL (CAS2053554). The sternaulus is present and short in larger specimens of Conostigmus longulus and absent from smaller specimens. The lateral propodeal carina of Conostigmus longulus is straight or Y-shaped and the frontal carina is distinct, sharply defined in larger and indistinct marked by a blunt edge in smaller specimens.Material examined: Holotype male: MADAGASCAR: PSUC_FEM 8919 COLL. MUS. Congo Madagascar: Mandraka II-1944 A. Seyrig HOLOTYPUS Holotype Prep. micros-copique n 9508/051 (deposited in MRAC). Other material : MADAGASCAR: 10 males, six females. CASENT 2002193, 2009756, 2040771, 2040900, 2044193, 2046098, 2046100, 2053308, 2053554, 2053688; PSUC_FEM 79732, 79735, 79745, 79748, 79753, 79757 .Conostigmus lucidus Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.30Diagnosis:Conostigmus lucidus sp. nov. differs from other Malagasy Conostigmus species in the presence of the long anterior neck of T1 , absence of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle/volsella complex and absence of the proximodorsal notch of cupula . The parossiculus as an independent sclerite is absent (parossiculus and gonostyle fused).Conostigmus ampullaceusC. lucidus. The two species differ in numerous distinct characters such as the presence of color contrast between the black head and orange metasoma and the absence of the preoccipital lunula and preoccipital sulcus in Conostigmus ampullaceus .The petiole neck and corresponding first abdominal sternite is also elongated in the Oriental species Description: Body length: 2,100\u20132,600 \u03bcm. Color intensity pattern: front and middle leg lighter than distal half of scape, pedicel and tegula; cranium, distal region of flagellum, mesosoma except legs and petiole neck darker than proximal region of flagellum, hind leg and metasoma posterior to petiole neck. Color hue pattern: Distal half of scape, pedicel, fore leg and middle leg yellow; proximal part of scape, flagellum, mesosoma except front and middle leg, metasoma brown. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is ventral to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: present. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina shape: NOT CODED. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: Preoccipital furrow ends posterior to ocellar triangle. Postocellar carina count: present. Male OOL: POL: LOL: 2.2:1.1\u20131.4:1. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 1.5\u20132.1:1.2\u20131.4:1.0. HW/IOS Male: 2.1. HW/IOS Female: 2.0\u20132.1. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Transverse scutes on frons count: absent. Rugose region on frons count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on frons count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: absent. Facial pit count: facial pit present. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Supraclypeal depression structure: present medially, inverted U-shaped. Intertorular carina count: present. Intertorular area count: present. Median region of intertorular area shape: convex. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Torulo-clypeal carina count: present. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Female flagellomere one length vs. pedicel: 1.0. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7 + F8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F5\u2013F9. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: setae shorter than width of flagellomeres. Male flagellomere one length vs. male second flagellomere length: 1.4. Male flagellomere one length vs. pedicel length: 2.5. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: flat. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: not adjacent to transscutal articulation . Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular carina shape: NOT CODED. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit present; epicnemial carina curved. Epicnemial carina count: complete. Sternaulus count: present. Sternaulus length: elongate, exceeding 3/4 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: straight . Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 longer than wide. Transverse carina on petiole shape: straight. Distal margin of male S9 shape: convex. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: blunt. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: absent. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: NOT CODED. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: NOT CODED. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width vs. length: NOT CODED. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex length relative to length of gonostyle-volsella complex: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: absent. Distal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex shape: NOT CODED. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): absent (fused with the gonostipes). Apical parossiculal seta number: one. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: setae as long or shorter than harpe width. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: distomedially. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: dorsomedially. Lateral setae of harpe count: absent. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: oriented distally. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: blunt. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is at its articulation site with gonostyle-volsella complex.Etymology: The species epithet is derived from the Latin lucidus which means \u201cshining,\u201d in reference to the shining appearance of the cuticle due to the weak microsculpture of a large portion of the body.Material examined: Holotype male: MADAGASCAR: 3 km 41\u00b0NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147\u00b0SSE Anjozobe, sifted litter in montane rainforest, 3\u201313.12.2000, Fisher, Griswold et al., CASENT 2001309 (deposited in CAS). Paratypes : MADAGASCAR: one male, six females. CASENT 2002181, 2004743, 2004751, 2040895, 2045754, 2046026, 2046176 .Conostigmus macrocupula Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.36Diagnosis :Conostigmus macrocupula sp. nov. differs from other Conostigmus species in the elongate cupula, which is as long as the gonostyle volsella complex .Dendrocerus phallocrates Dessart, 1987.The only other Ceraphronoidea species with an unusually long cupula is Description: Body length: 1,270\u20131,300 \u03bcm. Color intensity pattern: flagellum, tibiae and tarsi lighter than scape, pedicel, mandible, tegula, coxae and femora. Color hue pattern: Cranium, mesosoma except legs and metasoma except gonostipes and volsella ochre; antenna, legs, mandible, gonostipes and volsella yellow. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is ventral to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: present. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina shape: NOT CODED. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: Preoccipital furrow ends posterior to ocellar triangle. Postocellar carina count: absent. Male OOL: POL: LOL: 2.0\u20132.1:1.7\u20131.8:1. Female OOL: POL: LOL: NOT CODED. HW/IOS Male: 1.8\u20132.0. HW/IOS Female: NOT CODED. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Transverse scutes on frons count: absent. Rugose region on frons count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on frons count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: absent. Facial pit count: facial pit present. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Supraclypeal depression structure: absent medially, represented by two grooves laterally of facial pit. Intertorular carina count: present. Intertorular area count: present. Median region of intertorular area shape: flat. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Torulo-clypeal carina count: present; absent. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Female flagellomere one length vs. pedicel: NOT CODED. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7 + F8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F5\u2013F9. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: setae shorter than width of flagellomeres. Male flagellomere one length vs. male second flagellomere length: 1.2\u20131.3. Male flagellomere one length vs. pedicel length: 1.2\u20131.3. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: flat. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular carina shape: NOT CODED. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit present; epicnemial carina curved. Epicnemial carina count: complete. Sternaulus count: absent. Sternaulus length: NOT CODED. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: absent. Metapleural carina count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted \u201cY\u201d . Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse carina on petiole shape: straight. Distal margin of male S9 shape: concave. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: blunt. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula as long as gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: present. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: arched. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: blunt. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width vs. length: at least two times as long as wide. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex length relative to length of gonostyle-volsella complex: dorsomedian conjunctiva not extending 2/3 of length of gonostyle-volsella complex in dorsal view. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: present. Distal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex shape: acute. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): present (not fused with the gonostipes). Apical parossiculal seta number: two. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Harpe length: harpe as long as gonostipes in lateral view. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: setae two times as long as harpe width. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: dorsally. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: medially. Lateral setae of harpe count: present. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: oriented distally. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: blunt. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is at its articulation site with gonostyle-volsella complex.Etymology: The species epithet is derived from the Greek macro (large) and the Latin noun cupula . The latin name of the species refers to the large cupula that is as long as the gonostyle/volsella complex.Material examined: Holotype male: MADAGASCAR: Parc National Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, Malaise, secondary tropical forest, 12\u201319.2.2002, R. Harin\u2019Hala, CASENT 2046023 (deposited in CAS). Paratypes : MADAGASCAR: seven males. CASENT 2046022, 2046025, 2046181, 2053451; PSUC_FEM 79741\u201379742, 79750 .Conostigmus madagascariensis Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.43Diagnosis:Conostigmus madagascariensis sp. nov. is most similar to C. fianarantsoaensis sp. nov. among Malagasy Conostigmus. Conostigmus madagascariensis differs from C. fianarantsoaensis in the presence of two teeth on the mandibles, flagellar setae longer than the flagellomere width , acute proximolateral projection of cupula (blunt in C. fianarantsoaensis), arched proximodorsal notch of cupula (v-shaped (notched) in C. fianarantsoaensis), acute distal end of dorsomedial conjunctiva of gonostyle/volsella complex (blunt in C. fianarantsoaensis), and blunt distal margin of harpe in lateral view (acute in C. fianarantsoaensis).Description: Body length: 1,500\u20132,700 \u03bcm. Color intensity pattern: metasoma and mandible lighter than mesosoma. Color hue pattern: Antenna except pedicel, cranium, mesosoma except fore and middle legs and metasoma brown; fore and middle legs, tegula, pedicel, maxillary palp and labial palp yellow; F3\u2013F8, cranium, mandible, metasoma, tegula brown; legs, except brown proximal region of metacoxa and distal region of metafemur, scape, pedicel, F1\u2013F4 yellow; Antenna except pedicel and scape, cranium, mesosoma except fore and middle legs and distal region of metacoxa, and metasoma brown; fore and middle legs, tegula, pedicel, scape, proximal part of metacoxa, palpus maxillaris, and palpus labialis yellow; Antenna except pedicel and scape, cranium, mesosoma except fore and middle legs and distal region of metacoxa, and metasoma brown; fore and middle legs, tegula, pedicel, scape, maxillary palp, and labial palp yellow; Antenna except pedicel, cranium, mesosoma except fore and middle legs and distal region of metacoxa, and metasoma brown; fore and middle legs, tegula, pedicel, proximal region of metacoxa, maxillary palp, and labial palp yellow; Scape, F4\u2013F8, cranium, mandible, metasoma, tegula brown; legs, except brown proximal region of metacoxa and distal region of metafemur, pedicel, F1\u2013F3 yellow; F1\u2013F8, cranium, mandible, metasoma, tegula brown; legs, scape, pedicel yellow. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is ventral to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: present. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina shape: NOT CODED. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: Preoccipital furrow ends posterior to ocellar triangle. Postocellar carina count: absent. Male OOL: POL: LOL: 1.8\u20132:1.7\u20131.8:1. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 1.4:1.6\u20131.7:1.0. HW/IOS Male: 1.6\u20131.9. HW/IOS Female: 2.3. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Transverse scutes on frons count: absent. Rugose region on frons count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on frons count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: absent. Facial pit count: facial pit present. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Supraclypeal depression structure: present medially, inverted U-shaped; absent medially, represented by two grooves laterally of facial pit. Intertorular carina count: present. Intertorular area count: present. Median region of intertorular area shape: flat. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Torulo-clypeal carina count: present. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Female flagellomere one length vs. pedicel: 0.8\u20131.2. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7 + F8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F5\u2013F9. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: setae longer than width of flagellomeres. Male flagellomere one length vs. male second flagellomere length: 1.2\u20131.5. Male flagellomere one length vs. pedicel length: 4\u20134.2. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: flat. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular carina shape: NOT CODED. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit present; epicnemial carina curved. Epicnemial carina count: interupted medially; complete. Sternaulus count: present. Sternaulus length: short, not reaching 1/2 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted \u201cV\u201d ; inverted \u201cY\u201d . Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse carina on petiole shape: straight. Distal margin of male S9 shape: straight. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: blunt. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: present. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: arched. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: acute. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width vs. length: wider than long. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex length relative to length of gonostyle-volsella complex: dorsomedian conjunctiva extending 2/3 of length of gonostyle-volsella complex in dorsal view. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: present. Distal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex shape: acute. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): present (not fused with the gonostipes). Apical parossiculal seta number: one. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: setae longer than harpe width. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: medially. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: medially. Lateral setae of harpe count: present. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: oriented distally. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: blunt. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is at its articulation site with gonostyle-volsella complex.Etymology: The species epithet refers to Madagascar where Conostigmus madagascariensis is the most commonly collected among Conostigmus species.Comments: The coloration of Conostigmus madagascariensis males is variable: specimens CASENT 2040905 and CASENT 2046020 have distally yellow hind coxa, and specimens CASENT 2040905 and CASENT 2022986 have yellow scapes. The coloration of Conostigmus madagascariensis females is also variable: F1\u2013F8, cranium, mandible, metasoma, tegula brown, legs, scape, pedicel yellow in specimens CASENT 2053365, CASENT 2053573, CASENT 2053574; scape, F4\u2013F8, cranium, mandible, metasoma, tegula brown, legs, except brown proximal region of hind coxa and distal region of hind femur, pedicel, F1\u2013F4 yellow in specimens CASENT 2041648, CASENT 2044995.Conostigmus madagascariensis lack the postocellar carina. In larger specimens, a very shallow sulcus connecting the posterior margins of the lateral ocelli present. In one specimen (CASENT 2044509) the postocellar carina is similar to Conostigmus lucidus sp. nov. Other charactersics of Conostigmus lucidus are absent from this specimen .Most specimens of Material examined: Holotype male: MADAGASCAR: Province Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, Malaise mixed tropical forest, 12\u201319.2.2002, R. Harin\u2019Hala, CASENT 2044913 (deposited in CAS).Paratypes : MADAGASCAR: 44 males, 15 females. CASENT 2000886, 2002178, 2002180, 2002187\u20132002191, 2004742, 2004744, 2004746\u20132004750, 2004753\u20132004754, 2009143\u20132009144, 2022986\u20132022987, 2040889\u20132040894, 2040896\u20132040899, 2040901, 2040905\u20132040908, 2041648, 2041940, 2041942, 2041945, 2044507, 2044509, 2044824, 2044895, 2044912, 2044995, 2045756, 2046020, 2053365, 2053393, 2053503, 2053573\u20132053574; IM 2289; PSUC_FEM 79702, 79759, 79761, 79763, PSUC_79714 .Conostigmus missyhazenae Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.47Diagnosis:Conostigmus missyhazenae sp. nov. differs from other Malagasy Conostigmus species in the globular head  and the absence of the preoccipital sulcus.Description: Body length: 1,750\u20132,000 \u03bcm. Color intensity pattern: NOT CODED. Color hue pattern: Cranium, mandible, mesosoma excluding front and proximal middle tibia, metasoma, antenna excluding distal scape and pedicel brown; distal scape, pedicel, protibia and proximal mesotibia ochre. Occipital carina sculpture: smooth. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is ventral to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: absent. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina shape: NOT CODED. Preoccipital furrow count: absent. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: NOT CODED. Postocellar carina count: absent. Male OOL: POL: LOL: 1.1\u20131.2:1.6\u20131.8:1. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 1.0\u20131.1:1.4:1.0. HW/IOS Male: 1.8\u20131.9. HW/IOS Female: 2.4. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Transverse scutes on frons count: absent. Rugose region on frons count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on frons count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: absent. Facial pit count: facial pit present. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Supraclypeal depression structure: present medially, inverted U-shaped. Intertorular carina count: present. Intertorular area count: present. Median region of intertorular area shape: flat. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Torulo-clypeal carina count: present. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Female flagellomere one length vs. pedicel: 0.9\u20131.0. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7 + F8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F5\u2013F9. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: setae shorter than width of flagellomeres. Male flagellomere one length vs. male second flagellomere length: 1.1\u20131.2. Male flagellomere one length vs. pedicel length: 3.2\u20134.0. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: flat. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular carina shape: NOT CODED. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit present; epicnemial carina curved. Epicnemial carina count: complete. Sternaulus count: present. Sternaulus length: short, not reaching 1/2 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted \u201cY\u201d . Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse carina on petiole shape: concave. Distal margin of male S9 shape: convex. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: blunt. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: present. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: arched. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: acute. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width vs. length: wider than long. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex length relative to length of gonostyle-volsella complex: dorsomedian conjunctiva extending 2/3 of length of gonostyle-volsella complex in dorsal view. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: present. Distal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex shape: acute. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): present (not fused with the gonostipes). Apical parossiculal seta number: one. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: setae as long or shorter than harpe width. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: distomedially. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: medially. Lateral setae of harpe count: present. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: oriented distoventrally. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: blunt. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is in its proximal 1/3rd.Etymology: The species epithet honors Missy Hazen, research technologist at The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, who facilitated the microscopy of these and other specimens.Material examined: Holotype male: MADAGASCAR: Parc National Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, Malaise, secondary tropical forest, 12\u201319.2.2002, R. Harin\u2019Hala CASENT 2046019 (deposited in CAS). Paratypes : MADAGASCAR: two males, two females. CASENT 2002183, 2004752; PSUC_FEM 79731, 79747 (CAS).Conostigmus pseudobabaiax Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.52Diagnosis:Conostigmus pseudobabaiax sp. nov. shares the presence of a prognathous head dorsal-most point of occipital carina is dorsal to posterior ocellus in lateral view) and the presence of transverse scutes on the ventral region of the frons with C. babaiaxC. toliaraensis sp. nov. and Conostigmus longulus Dessart, 1996. Conostigmus pseudobabaix, C. babaiax, and C. toliaraensis sp. nov. differ from other Conostigmus species by the presence of ventromedian and ventrolateral white, setiferous patches on the frons. Conostigmus pseudobabaiax and C. toliaraensis differ from Conostigmus babaiax in OOL longer than LOL (in Conostigmus babaiax OOL is shorter than LOL). Conostigmus toliaraensis can be readily differentiated from C. pseudobabaiax by the following phenotypes: first female flagellomere 0.9\u00d7 the length of pedicel (1.4\u00d7 as long in C. pseudobabaiax); male flagellomere 1 1.1\u00d7 as long as second male flagellomere (1.3\u20131.4\u00d7 as long in C. pseudobabaiax); scutes are strongly convex (flat in C. pseudobabaiax); proximodorsal notch of cupula as long as wide and harpe as long as gonostyle/volsella complex in lateral view .Description: Body length: 2,450\u20133,125 \u03bcm. Color intensity pattern: ventral region of cranium is lighter than dorsal region of cranium. Color hue pattern: Distal part of scape, pedicel, F1\u2013F3 ochre; legs except proximal metacoxa yellow; rest of body brown. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is dorsal to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: NOT CODED. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina shape: NOT CODED. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: Preoccipital furrow ends inside ocellar triangle. Postocellar carina count: absent. Male OOL: POL: LOL: 1.2\u20131.3:1:1. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 1.4:1.0\u20131.2:1.0. HW/IOS Male: 2.0\u20132.2. HW/IOS Female: 2.3\u20132.6. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Transverse scutes on frons count: present. Rugose region on frons count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on frons count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: present. Facial pit count: no external corresponding structure present. Supraclypeal depression count: absent. Supraclypeal depression structure: NOT CODED. Intertorular carina count: present. Intertorular area count: present. Median region of intertorular area shape: flat. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Torulo-clypeal carina count: present. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Female flagellomere one length vs. pedicel: 1.4. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7 + F8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F4\u2013F9. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: setae shorter than width of flagellomeres. Male flagellomere one length vs. male second flagellomere length: 1.3\u20131.4. Male flagellomere one length vs. pedicel length: 3.0\u20133.2. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: flat. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: not adjacent to transscutal articulation . Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular carina shape: NOT CODED. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit absent; epicnemial carina interrupted medially. Epicnemial carina count: present only laterally. Sternaulus count: present. Sternaulus length: short, not reaching 1/2 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: straight . Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse carina on petiole shape: concave. Distal margin of male S9 shape: convex. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: blunt. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: present. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: arched. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: blunt. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width vs. length: wider than long. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex length relative to length of gonostyle-volsella complex: dorsomedian conjunctiva extending 2/3 of length of gonostyle-volsella complex in dorsal view. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: present. Distal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex shape: acute. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): present (not fused with the gonostipes). Apical parossiculal seta number: one. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: setae as long or shorter than harpe width. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: distomedially. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: medially. Lateral setae of harpe count: present. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: oriented distally. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: blunt. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is at its articulation site with gonostyle-volsella complex.Etymology: From the Greek pseudo-  and the specific name babaiax, indicating a close resemblance of Conostigmus pseudobabaiax and C. babaiax.Material examined: Holotype male: MADAGASCAR: Ranomafana JIRAMA water works, Malaise trap near river, 16.10\u20138.11.2001, R. Harin\u2019Hala, CASENT 2053690 (deposited in CAS). Paratypes : MADAGASCAR: five males, six females. CASENT 2006450\u20132006451, 2032774, 2041943, 2046097, 2046151, 2053381\u20132053382, 2053425, CASENT_2040937; PSUC_FEM 79736 .Conostigmus toliaraensis Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.57Diagnosis:Conostigmus toliaraensis sp. nov. shares the presence of a prognathous head  and the presence of transverse scutes on the ventral region of the frons with C. babaiax Dessart, 1996, C. pseudobabaiax sp. nov. and Conostigmus longulusConostigmus toliaraensis, C. babaiax, and C. pseudobabaiax sp. nov. differ from other Conostigmus species by the presence of ventromedian and ventrolateral white, setiferous patches on the frons. Conostigmus pseudobabaiax and C. toliaraensis differ from Conostigmus babaiax in OOL longer than LOL (in Conostigmus babaiax OOL is shorter than LOL). Conostigmus toliaraensis can be readily differentiated from C. pseudobabaiax by the following phenotypes: first female flagellomere 0.9\u00d7 the length of pedicel (1.4\u00d7 as long in C. pseudobabaiax); male flagellomere 1 1.1\u00d7 as long as second male flagellomere (1.3\u20131.4\u00d7 as long in C. pseudobabaiax); scutes are strongly convex (flat in C. pseudobabaiax); proximodorsal notch of cupula as long as wide and harpe as long as gonostyle/volsella complex in lateral view .Description: Body length: 2,000\u20133,450 \u03bcm. Color intensity pattern: ventral region of cranium is lighter than dorsal region of cranium. Color hue pattern: Distal part of scape, pedicel, F1\u2013F3 ochre; legs except proximal metacoxa yellow; rest of body brown; Scape, hind leg except metacoxa ochre; fore and hind legs, distal metacoxa yellow; rest of body brown. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is dorsal to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: NOT CODED. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital carina shape: NOT CODED. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior end: Preoccipital furrow ends inside ocellar triangle. Postocellar carina count: absent. Male OOL: POL: LOL: 1.3\u20131.5:1:1. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 1.2\u20131.3:1.0:1.0. HW/IOS Male: 2.0\u20132.2. HW/IOS Female: 2.3\u20132.7. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Transverse scutes on frons count: present. Rugose region on frons count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on frons count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: present. Facial pit count: no external corresponding structure present. Supraclypeal depression count: absent. Supraclypeal depression structure: NOT CODED. Intertorular carina count: present. Intertorular area count: present. Median region of intertorular area shape: flat. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs. dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Torulo-clypeal carina count: absent. Subtorular carina count: absent. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Female flagellomere one length vs. pedicel: 0.9. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7 + F8. Sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F4\u2013F9; F5\u2013F9. Length of setae on male flagellomere vs. male flagellomere width: setae shorter than width of flagellomeres. Male flagellomere one length vs. male second flagellomere length: 1.0\u20131.1; 1.1. Male flagellomere 1flagellomere one length vs. pedicel length: 2.5-3.0. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum convexity: convex. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: not adjacent to transscutal articulation . Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation: adjacent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular carina shape: NOT CODED. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit absent; epicnemial carina interrupted medially. Epicnemial carina count: present only laterally. Sternaulus count: present. Sternaulus length: short, not reaching 1/2 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted \u201cY\u201d ; straight . Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse carina on petiole shape: concave. Distal margin of male S9 shape: convex. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: blunt. Cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: present. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: arched. Proximolateral projection of the cupula shape: blunt. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width vs. length: as long as wide. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex length relative to length of gonostyle-volsella complex: dorsomedian conjunctiva extending 2/3 of length of gonostyle-volsella complex in dorsal view. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: present. Distal end of dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex shape: acute. Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): present (not fused with the gonostipes). Apical parossiculal seta number: one. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Harpe length: harpe as long as gonostipes in lateral view. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe length vs. harpe width in lateral view: setae as long or shorter than harpe width. Distodorsal setae of sensillar ring of harpe orientation: distomedially. Sensillar ring area of harpe orientation: medially. Lateral setae of harpe count: present. Lateral setae of harpe orientation: oriented distally. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: blunt. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is at its articulation site with gonostyle-volsella complex.Comments: The length of the preoccipital furrow is variable in Conostigmus toliaraensisConostigmus toliaraensis and C. pseudobabaiax is unique, since male genitalia characters are traditionally used for species separation in Megaspilidae and in some cases provide the only diagnostic tool.Etymology: The species epithet refers to the Toliara Province of Madagascar, where most of the specimens of this species were collected.Material examined: Holotype male: CASENT 2053309 MADAGASCAR: Toliara Prov: Res. Speciale d\u2019Ambohijanahary: Foret d\u2019Ankazotsihitafototra: 35.2 km; NW Ambaravaranala; 1,050 m; 18\u00b016\u203200\u2033S, 45\u00b024\u203224\u2033E; 13\u201317.i.2003; MT; MISC BLF7019; Fisher, Griswold et al. California Academy of Sciences. Yellow pan trap- in montane rainforest (deposited in CAS).Paratypes : MADAGASCAR: nine females. CASENT 2009754, 2040934-2040936, 2040983, 2041206, 2053310-2053311, 2053452 (CAS). (deposited in CAS MRAC).a. Antennomeres gradually widening apically  (axc: um) axc:  and 15BConostigmus clavatus Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.aa. Flagellomere nine shorter than sum of lengths of flagellomere seven and flagellomere eight  (usc: um) usc:  and 9BConostigmus ballescoracasDessart, 1997aa. Preoccipital carina absent  as long as wide (ste: lus)ste:  and 29Bd. Postocellar carina present (pcc: ent pcc:  and 29BConostigmus lucidus Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch sp. nov.aa. Anterior neck of T1 (and corresponding S1) much wider than long g. Distodorsal margin of cupula concave medially gg. Distodorsal margin of cupula straight mediallyhh. Eyes not bulging ( bulging  and 15B16a. Anterior neck of T1 (and corresponding S1) as long as wide  much wider than long  (usc: sc) usc:  and 9BConostigmus ballescoracasDessart, 1997aa. Preoccipital carina absent  (pdc: ed) pdc: e. Distal end of dorsomedial conjunctiva of gonostyle/volsella complex blunt  than from the Afrotropical region (n = 13)  . This bimollusks , nematodmollusks , fig wasmollusks , gallingmollusks , bees  was based on more than 10 specimens.Deviation from the LDG in Ceraphronoidea has been only superficially examined, however, and could result from sampling bias. The only taxonomic review of Conostigmus and is based on observations of 159 specimens representing 12 species, more than five times as many as the earlier recorded Conostigmus species from Madagascar . Considering that Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot  reveals a two-fold difference in C. longulus (138\u2013263 \u03bcm). Body size polyphenism is usually induced by variability in host body size in polyphagous and brood size in gregarious parasitoid Hymenoptera  certainly allows the development of multiple parasitoid specimens (Information on pecimens . These dhttp://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HAO_0002454) have a one to one match to epidermal cells . The number of scutes along the IOS  of a smaller specimen is half the number of scutes along the same line in a specimen with an IOS two times as long . Specie missing .Dendrocerus carpenteri is facultatively gregarious , measured in \u03bcm, stands as a proxy for body size. Number of cells refers to the number of scutes/cells of a standard sized rectangular area.Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.2682/supp-5Supplemental Information 5Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.2682/supp-6Supplemental Information 6Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.2682/supp-7Supplemental Information 7Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.2682/supp-8Supplemental Information 8Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.2682/supp-9Supplemental Information 9Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Willeboordse M, van de Kant KDG, Tan FES, Mulkens S, Schellings J, Crijns Y, et al. (2016) A Multifactorial Weight Reduction Programme for Children with Overweight and Asthma: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0157158."}
{"text": "Author Mohammad E. Mahfouz appears incorrectly. The correct citation is: Abdel-Moneim AS, Mahfouz ME, Zytouni DM (2018) Detection of human bocavirus in Saudi healthy blood donors. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0193594."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-017-11743-7, published online 12 September 2017Correction to: This Article contains errors in Reference 19 which was incorrectly given as:et al. Citrus tristeza virus p23: a unique protein mediating key virus-host interactions. Front. Microbiol. 98, 1\u20139 (2013).Flores, R. The correct reference is listed below:et al. Peach latent mosaic viroid: not so latent. Mol. Plant Pathol. 7, 209\u2013221 (2006).Flores, R."}
{"text": "The correct name is Elske van den Akker-van Marle. The correct citation is: Bezem J, van der Ploeg C, Numans M, Buitendijk S, Kocken P, van den Akker-van Marle E (2017) Preventive child health care at elementary school age: The costs of routine assessments with a triage approach. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0176569."}
{"text": "There is an error in the byline. The second author, Haijing Liu, was incorrectly added to this manuscript. Haijing Liu is not associated with this manuscript. The correct citation should read as follows: Zhang N, Yue G, Zhang Y, You J, Wang H (2016) Molecular Heterogeneity of Ewing Sarcoma as Detected by Ion Torrent Sequencing. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0153546. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153546 PMID: 27077911"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Alexandru Hanganu. The correct citation is: Hanganu A, Muthuraman M, Chirumamilla VC, Koirala N, Paktas B, Deuschl G, et al. (2016) Grey Matter Microstructural Integrity Alterations in Blepharospasm Are Partially Reversed by Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0168652. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Richard Guest. The correct citation is: Blanco-Gonzalo R, Lunerti C, Sanchez-Reillo R, Guest R (2018) Biometrics: Accessibility challenge or opportunity? PLoS ONE 13(3): e0194111."}
{"text": "The authors are listed out of order. Please view the correct author order, affiliations, and citation here:1, Guixian Zhang1, Junzhen Zhang1, Yu Yang1, Jianhui Li1Zhiqiang Miao1 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, Chinahttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186828Miao Z, Zhang G, Zhang J, Yang Y, Li J (2017) Effect of early dietary energy restriction and phosphorus level on subsequent growth performance, intestinal phosphate transport, and AMPK activity in young broilers. PLoS ONE 12(12): e0186828. The corresponding authors are associated with the following email addresses:jianhui19840717@163.comJianhui Li: sxauywd@126.comYu Yang: The publisher apologizes for this error."}
{"text": "Differentiation of quantitative CT imaging phenotypes in asthma versus COPD. BMJ Open Resp Res 2017;4:e000252. doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000252.Choi S, Haghighi B, Choi J, The author\u2019s name, Kazeroni EA, has been corrected to Kazerooni EA."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Lei Qi. The correct citation is: Shankar V, Hori H, Kihira K, Qi L, Toyoda H, Iwamoto S, et al. (2015) Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome Up-Regulates 47 kDa CXCR4 Expression, and Induce Invasiveness in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0120069. doi:"}
{"text": "Macedo et al.  present Pediatric UrologyNemours Children\u2019s Hospital OrlandoOrlando, FL, USAE-mail: hswana@nemours.orgHubert Swana, MD"}
{"text": "The correct name is Jan Verhaegen. The correct citation is: Braeye T, Verhaegen J, Mignon A, Flipse W, Pierard D, Huygen K, et al. (2016) Capture-Recapture Estimators in Epidemiology with Applications to Pertussis and Pneumococcal Invasive Disease Surveillance. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0159832. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Johannes Stuttmann. The correct citation is: Streubel J, Baum H, Grau J, Stuttmann J, Boch J (2017) Dissection of TALE-dependent gene activation reveals that they induce transcription cooperatively and in both orientations. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0173580. doi:"}
{"text": "The number \u201c3\u201d should be omitted from the article title. The publisher apologizes for the error.P. gingivalis LPS modulate pro-inflammatory response and Toll-like receptor signaling in human oral keratinocytes.The correct title is: LPS-binding protein and its interactions with P. gingivalis LPS modulate pro-inflammatory response and Toll-like receptor signaling in human oral keratinocytes. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0173223. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173223The correct citation is: Ding P-H, Darveau RP, Wang C-Y, Jin L (2017) LPS-binding protein and its interactions with"}
{"text": "The correct name is: H. N. Subudhi. The correct citation is: Yadav MK, S. A, Ngangkham U, Subudhi HN, Bag MK, Adak T, et al. (2017) Use of molecular markers in identification and characterization of resistance to rice blast in India. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0176236."}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s correct name is: Laura M. Heiser. The correct citation is: Korkola JE, Collisson EA, Heiser LM, Oates C, Bayani N, Itani S, et al. (2015) Decoupling of the PI3K Pathway via Mutation Necessitates Combinatorial Treatment in HER2+ Breast Cancer. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0133219."}
{"text": "AbstractCurculionoidea are newly recorded from the Canadian province of Quebec: Coelocephalapionemaciipes ; Ischnopterapionvirens ; Omphalapionhookerorum ; Perapionpunctinasum  ; Anthonomusrobustulus LeConte, 1876; Pseudanthonomushelvolus ; Bagousmagister LeConte, 1876; Bagoustanneri O\u2019Brien, 1979; Buchananiusstriatus ; Ceutorhynchusbolteri Dietz, 1896; Ceutorhynchuspallidactylus ; Ceutorhynchuspauxillus Dietz, 1896; Conotrachelusbuchanani Schoof, 1942; Conotracheluspusillus LeConte, 1878; Conotrachelusrecessus ; Curculiorubidus ; Cylindrocopturuslongulus ; Hadroplontuslitura ; Hyperarumicis ; Lixusterminalis LeConte, 1876; Myosidesseriehispidus Roelofs, 1873; Phloeotribusdentifrons ; Plocamusechidna ; Scolytusmuticus Say, 1824; Sirocalodessericans ; Smicronyxsculpticollis Casey, 1892 . Among these, Buchananiusstriatus, Conotrachelusbuchanani, Conotracheluspusillus, and Curculiorubidus  are also recorded from Canada for the first time. The latter is also newly reported from Ontario. Collecting data are provided for Lixuspunctinasus LeConte, 1876, previously reported to occur in Canada without any further information, and for Choragussayi LeConte, 1876 (Anthribidae) and Rhyssomatusaequalis Horn, 1873 (Curculionidae), both previously recorded from Quebec, also without further details.The following species of  Brentidae and 29 Curculionidae species new to Quebec , increasing the total number of species of each family known to occur in the province to 22 and 386, respectively  reported herein (4 Brentidae and 23 Curculionidae), listed according to the classification of Ischnopterapionvirens , Omphalapionhookerorum , Ceutorhynchuspallidactylus , PageBreakCurculiorubidus , Hadroplontuslitura , Myosidesseriehispidus Roelofs, 1873, and Hyperarumicis  are all adventive species (sensuectively . Recent es sensu that werSpecimens belonging to species recorded or referred to in the present article were identified (or their identity was confirmed) by recognized specialists listed henceforth under each species name by their name, or if an author of this paper, by their initials.Label data are provided in chronological order for every species. These data were translated from French to English, and various details , when known, have been added between brackets.Specimens were either swept or beaten from various plant species, attracted to mercury vapour, ultraviolet or porch lights or handpicked from various substrates or from a flight interception trap made of tulle fabric  held between two wood piles or set up in a suburban backyard.VASCAN) (http://data.canadensys.net/vascan/search).Plant family, generic and specific names follow the classification used in Database of Vascular Plants of Canada , Varennes, Quebec, CanadaCCOB Charles W. O\u2019Brien Insect Collection (private collection), Green Valley, Arizona, United StatesCCTE Claude Tessier Insect Collection (private collection), Quebec, Quebec, CanadaCHMS Henri Miquet-Sage Insect Collection (private collection), Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, CanadaCMNCCanadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaCNCICanadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaCPTO Pierre de Tonnancour Insect Collection (private collection), Terrasse-Vaudreuil, Quebec, CanadaCRVI Robert Vigneault Insect Collection (private collection), Oka, Quebec, CanadaCSDU St\u00e9phane Dumont Insect Collection (private collection), Montreal, Quebec, CanadaCSLA Serge Laplante Insect Collection (private collection), Gatineau, Quebec, CanadaTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraAnthribidaeLeConte, 1876, new data supporting first record for Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015 and 2016 CCCH); [MRC Marguerite-d\u2019Youville] Varennes, 16VII1999, attracted to UV light, C. Chantal ; same except: 29VI2006 ; [MRC Brome-Missisquoi] Saint-Armand, 2VIII2007, understory, on foliage, C. Chantal ; [MRC Marguerite-D\u2019Youville] \u00cele Sainte-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se, 1IX2009, C. Chantal ; [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, La Grande Baie, 19VII2014, beaten from dead branches over forest litter, R. Vigneault ; [MRC Coaticook] Compton, 25VIII2014, C. Levesque ; [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, La Grande Baie, 27VI2015, beaten from dead branches over forest litter, R. Vigneault ; same except: 30VI2015 (16:00), P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 2VII2015, R. Vigneault ; same except: 5VII2015 (16:00), beaten from dead branches of Acersaccharum, P. de Tonnancour & R. Vigneault ; same except: 9VII2015, R. Vigneault ; [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, Calvaire, 25VI2016, beaten from dead branches over forest litter, R. Vigneault ; same except: 1VII2016 ; same except: La Grande Baie, 6VII2016, beaten from dead branches of Acersaccharum, R. Vigneault ; same except: La Grande Baie, 6VII2016, beaten from dead branches over forest litter, R. Vigneault , 12VII2016 , and 1VIII2016 .[Agglom\u00e9ration de Longueuil] Longueuil, 18VII1992, C. Chantal , new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016 Apioninae known to occur in Quebec by the conspicuous elongate postscutellar spot of white vestiture and spot of dense white scales at the base of elytral interstriae 2 and 3. Nothing is known of its habits or life history, except that adults were collected in August on dock, Rumex L. spp., including golden dock, Rumexpersicarioides L. (Polygonaceae) (bugguide.net (http://bugguide.net/node/view/1077586/bgpage).This native species is easily separated from all other onaceae) . Ontarioonaceae) . A photoCRVI).[MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, composting site, 29V2015, white tulle fabric flight interception trap, R. Vigneault , new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015 inTripleurospermuminodorum (L.) Sch.Bip. (= Matricariaperforata M\u00e9rat) (Asteraceae) in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (Anthemiscotula L. (Asteraceae), in Nova Scotia ; [MRC Marguerite-D\u2019Youville] Varennes, 30VI2008, C. Chantal ; [MRC La Vall\u00e9eduRichelieu] Mont-Saint-Hilaire, 2VII2008, H. Miquet-Sage ; [MRC Marguerite-D\u2019Youville] Varennes, 2V2010, C. Chantal ; same except: 20V2010 , and 9VI2010 ; [MRC La Vall\u00e9eduRichelieu] MontSaintHilaire, 13VI2010, H. Miquet-Sage ; [MRC Marguerite-D\u2019Youville] Varennes, 30V2011, C. Chantal ; same except 9VI2012 , and 21V2014 ; [MRC La Vall\u00e9eduRichelieu] MontSaintHilaire, 12V2014, H. MiquetSage ; same except: 20VI2014 , and 25VI2014 ; [MRC Marguerite-D\u2019Youville] Varennes, 7VI2015, C. Chantal .[MRC La Vall\u00e9eduRichelieu] Saint-Charles-sur-Richelieu, 29VI2003, H. Miquet-Sage , new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016 PageBreak1994, in Pennsylvania (Trifolium L. spp. (Fabaceae). It can be distinguished from the superficially similar Stenopterapionmeliloti Kirby, 1808, by its smaller size and the bluish colour of its pronotum and venter (black in S.meliloti). As indicated by Widely distributed through most of the Palaearctic region , this adsylvania . Until nsylvania . It is cCCCH); same except: 3X2013 ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 15IX2014 (15:00), white tulle fabric flight interception trap, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 7X2014 (15:00)  and 12X2014 (17:00) ; [MRC Coaticook] Waterville, 11VII2015, H. Miquet-Sage ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 21IX2015 (12:30), white tulle fabric flight interception trap, P. de Tonnancour ; [MRC Marguerite-D\u2019Youville] Varennes, 21IX2015, C. Chantal ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 22IX2015 (15:00), white tulle fabric flight interception trap, P. de Tonnancour ; same except, 22IX2015 (15:00), beaten from Oidium infected foliage of Helianthusstrumosus, ; same except: 27IX2015 , white tulle fabric flight interception trap ; same except: 6X2015 (16:15) , and 7X2015 (14:30\u201315:30) ; same except: 11X2015 (15:00), beaten from Oidium infested foliage of Helianthusstrumosus ; same except: 12X2015 (11:00\u201315:00), white tulle fabric flight interception trap ; same except: 5XI2015 (14:00\u201315:00), climbing on pale house exterior wall ; same except: 6XI2015 (15:00) , 9XI2015 (15:00) , 19XI2015 (12:00) , 26XI2015 (13:00) , 27XI2015 (12:30) , 11XII2015 (13:00\u201315:00) , and 12XII2015 (12:00) ; Montreal, Parc Zotique-Racicot , 11V2106, swept from Trifolium sp., S. Dumont ; same except: 12-V-2016 ; MRC Haut-Richelieu, Henryville, dike adjacent to R\u00e9serve \u00e9cologique Marcel-Raymond], 12V2016 (13:00\u201316:00), swept from grasses, Equisetum and Solidago, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Notre-Dame-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 20V2016 (17:00), swept from Trifoliumpratense, P. de Tonnancour ; Montreal, Parc Zotique-Racicot , 23V2106, swept from Trifolium sp., S. Dumont ; same except: 24V2016 ; MRC Brome-Missisquoi, SaintArmand, 25V2016 (16:00), swept from Trifoliumpratense, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Saint-Lazare, 29VI2013 (16:00\u201317:00), swept from Trifoliumpratense, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Laval, Laval, rue des Charmes , 20VII2016 (15:00), swept from Trifoliumpratense, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 10XI2016 (15:00), climbing on pale house exterior wall .[MRC Haut-Richelieu] Henryville [dike adjacent to R\u00e9serve \u00e9cologique Marcel-Raymond], 29IX2012, C. Chantal , new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016 Desmodium Desv. sp. (Fabaceae), based on the very few available data at the time (Scirpus L. spp. (Cyperaceae) in wet habitats.The occurrence of this small native pale-legged species in the province was expected as it was previously known in Canada from Ontario and the Maritime Provinces. Although this species has been tentatively associated with tick-trefoil, the time , it is wCCCH); same except: 15V2015 ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Notre-Dame-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 11V2016 (13:00), swept from Scirpusatrovirens ; same except: 14V2016 (15:00) ; [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, 19V2016, swept from herbs in field ; MRC Brome-Missisquoi, SaintArmand, 25V2016 (15:00), swept from Scirpus sp. .[MRC Marguerite-D\u2019Youville] Varennes, 30VI2014, C. Chantal   . It was eraceae) .CCCH); same except: 3VII2006 , and 2VII2008 ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Notre-Dame-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 31V2011 (13:00), meadow, swept from Solidago/Aster, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 1VI2011 (14:00) ; [MRC Brome-Missisquoi] Saint-Armand, 3VIII2011, C. Chantal ; [MRC Haut-Richelieu] Henryville [dike adjacent to R\u00e9serve \u00e9cologique Marcel-Raymond], 28V2013, (14:00\u201317:00), swept from grasses, Equisetum and Solidago, C. Chantal and P. de Tonnancour ; MRC HautSaintLaurent, Saint-Anicet , 14VI2013 (18:00), beaten from Cornusstolonifera, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 15VI2013 (13:00), wet meadow, swept from various herbaceous plants, P. de Tonnancour ; [MRC La Vall\u00e9eduRichelieu] Mont-Saint-Hilaire, 24VI2013, H. Miquet-Sage ; MRC Haut-Saint-Laurent, Franklin, roadside opposite to R\u00e9PageBreakserve \u00e9cologique du Pin-Rigide, 17VII2013 (14:00), beaten from Lythrumsalicaria, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Haut-Richelieu, Henryville, dike adjacent to R\u00e9serve \u00e9cologique Marcel-Raymond, 8VI2014 (14:00\u201316:00), swept from grasses, Equisetum and Solidago, P. de Tonnancour ; [MRC Brome-Missisquoi] Saint-Armand, 16VI2014, C. Chantal ; MRC Haut-Richelieu, Henryville, dike adjacent to R\u00e9serve \u00e9cologique Marcel-Raymond, 4VI2015, P. de Tonnancour (16:00\u201318:00) ; [MRC Brome-Missisquoi] Saint-Armand , 25V2016, S. Dumont .[MRC Brome-Missisquoi] Saint-Armand, 7VI2004, C. Chantal , new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016 Hamamelisvirginiana L. (Hamamelidaceae)  . Adults idaceae) .Hamamelisvirginiana, P. de Tonnancour & R. Vigneault ; same except: 2VII2015 (18:00)  and 5VII2015 (18:00) ; same except: 5IX2015 (17:00), R. Vigneault  and 20VIII2016 ; same except: 27-VIII-2016 (14:00), P. de Tonnancour ; same except: , 27VIII2016 (16:00) .MRC Deux-Montagnes, Parc national d\u2019Oka , 30VI2015 (17:00), beaten from Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraCurculionidae, new to Canada Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015 Curculio species by its very small size (<3.5mm), lack of femoral teeth and association with birch, Betula L. spp. All specimens recorded in Quebec were collected in a stand of gray birch, Betulapopulifolia Marshall (Betulaceae), and most were directly beaten from gray birch. Adults are said to be active from May to October in Europe , but all specimens reported herein were captured in August . This species is also newly recorded from Ontario, based on a specimen photographed by Burke Korol in Barrie, Simcoe County, on August 21, 2015 and posted on bugguide.net (http://bugguide.net/node/view/1127147).This record comes three years after the first North American detection of the species in Michigan  and is bQuercusrubra, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 8VIII2015 (15:00), beaten from Alnusrugosa , beaten from Betulapopulifolia  or swept from various herbaceous plants in gray birch stand ; same except: 10VIII2015 (13:00), swept from various herbaceous plants in gray birch stand ; same except: 16VIII2015 (15:00), beaten from Betulapopulifolia ; 17VIII2015 (14:00) ; 17VIII2015 (14:00 and 18:00) ; 18VIII2015 (19:00) ; 22VIII2015 (14:00), C. Chantal ; 20VIII2016 (16:00), P. de Tonnancour ; 23VIII2016 (16:00) ; 28VIII2016 (16:00) ; 29VIII2016 (18:00) ; 1IX2016 (13:00) .MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Notre-Dame-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 10VIII2013 (17:00), beaten from Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraCurculionidaeCasey, 1892, new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015 Cuscuta L. spp. (Convolvulaceae)  , obligatCCCH, 1); [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, La Grande Baie, 30VI2015 [swept from low vegetation in swampy area], R. Vigneault .[MRC Pierre-De Saurel] Saint-Roch-de-Richelieu, 20VI2005, C. Chantal  . It was previously known in Canada only from Ontario ; same except 30V2013 ; same except 23VI2013 ; MRC Deux-Montagnes, Parc national d\u2019Oka, 30VII2012 (18:00), swept from Cyperaceae, Polygonum sp., Pontederiacordata, and Sagittaria sp., P. de Tonnancour .MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 31V2013 (21:30), UV + porch light, P. de Tonnancour ; [MRC Haut-Richelieu] Henryville, 24VI2003, attracted to UV lamp, C. Chantal ; [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, La Grande Baie, 30VI2015 , R. Vigneault ; same except: 2VII2015 (16:00), beaten from dead branches, edge of swampy bay, P. de Tonnancour .[MRC Brome-Missisquoi] Saint-Armand, 2VII2001, attracted to UV lamp, C. Chantal , new to Canada Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015 Baridinae occurring in Quebec by its extremely wide and convex shape, its tiny size  and its vestiture of sparse but long erect scales. The only other North American congener, Buchananiussulcatus , has been recorded as developing in the fruiting bodies of the fungus Trichodermapeltatum (Berk.) Samuels, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr (Hypocreaceae) growing on American Beech, Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh. (Fagaceae), in Maryland (This minute native species (1.4\u20131.6mm) is easily distinguished from all other Maryland . This spCCCH); [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, La Grande PageBreakBaie, 28VI2014 [beaten/swept from undergrowth/fallen branches in deciduous stand], R. Vigneault ; same except: composting site, 28-V-2016 (19:00), white tulle fabric flight interception trap, R. Vigneault ; same except: Calvaire d\u2019Oka, 1VII2016, beaten from fallen dead branches of deciduous tree, R. Vigneault .[MRC Joliette] Joliette, 7IX2013 [swept from forest understory], J.-F. Roch , new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016 bugguide.net (http://bugguide.net/node/view/1078735/bgimage).This remarkable native species was previously known in Canada only from Ontario . The cirCRVI); MRC Deux-Montagnes, Parc national d\u2019Oka, La Grande Baie, 3VII2016, brushed from trunk of a recently dead Fagusgrandifolia, R. Vigneault ; same except: 6VII2016 (12:00), P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 13VII2016 (17:00), P. de Tonnancour & R. Vigneault ; same except: 24VII2016 (17:00), P. de Tonnancour, R. Vigneault & S. Laplante ; same except: 1VIII2016, R. Vigneault ; same except: 20VIII2016 .[MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, composting site, 04VI2015 (18:00), white tulle fabric flight interception trap, R. Vigneault  was collected on spotted water-hemlock, Cicutaoccidentalis Greene (now Cicutamaculata L.) (Apiaceae).This native species was previously recorded in Canada only from British Columbia , but it CCCH); MRC Deux-Montagnes, Parc national d\u2019Oka, 29V2015 (18:00\u201320:00), white tulle fabric flight interception trap, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC PageBreakHaut-Richelieu, Henryville, dike adjacent to R\u00e9serve \u00e9cologique Marcel-Raymond, 4VI2015 (16:00\u201318:00), swept from grasses, Equisetum and Solidago, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 12V2016 (13:00\u201316:00) .[MRC Haut-Richelieu], Henryville, 28V2013, sweeping, C. Chantal , new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by PB, 2014 Brassicaceae and Resedaceae and is occasionally associated with Cannabissativa L. (Cannabaceae)  . It was abaceae) , where iabaceae) .CNCI); [MRC Nouvelle-Beauce] East of St-Lambert-de-Lauzon, Rd. 218, 18VII2001, 46\u00b036,133'N; 71\u00b011.412'W, corn field with radish, Mason, Sarazin & Boudreault, QC 2001\u2013110 ; same except: QC 2001\u2013100 ; [MRC de l\u2019\u00c9rable] NE of Plessisville, Road 116, 18VII2001, 46\u00b018.796'N; 71\u00b040.129'W, small canola field, Mason, Sarazin & Boudreault, QC 2001-330 ; [MRC Arthabaska] Saint-Albert, Hwy 122, 12VII2002, 46\u00b000.455'N; 72\u00b006.016'W, wild radish along edge of corn field, Mason, Boudreault & Farmakis, QC 2002-213 ; same except: QC 2002-214 ; [MRC Drummond] Domaine-Descoteaux, 22VII2003, 45\u00b049.142'N; 72\u00b013.983, J. Miall & P. Mason, wild mustard, QC03-121 ; [MRC Drummond] StGuillaume, 22VII2003, 45\u00b054.909'N; 72\u00b044.660'W, J. Miall & P. Mason, wild mustard, QC03-116 ; [MRC Drummond] S[ain]t-Cyrille-de-Wendover, north-east, 45\u00b057.049'N; 72\u00b023.877'W, 22VII2003, J. Miall & P. Mason, wild radish, QC03-119 ; [MRC Pierre-De Saurel] S[ain]teVictoire, Hwy 239, 2km east, 45\u00b056.580'N; 73\u00b004.189'W, 22VII2008, ex. stem of Raphanusraphanistrum, em[ergence] 26VIII2008, Mason, Miall & Brauner, Sitre QC 08-710 ; same except: 22VII2003, 45\u00b057.744'N; 73\u00b006.760'W, J. Miall & P. Mason, wild radish, QC 03-114 (1 CNCI); Centre-du-Qu\u00e9bec, [MRC Arthabaska] Saint-Rosaire, 19VII2012, swept from canola ; [MRC Coaticook] Compton, 27VI2014, C. Levesque ; same except: 24VII2014 ; same except: 1VIII2014 .[MRC Coaticook] Missisquoi Co., Mont le Pinacle, 10VI1984, Larochelle, Larivi\u00e8re ; MRC Marguerite-D\u2019Youville, Verch\u00e8res, 4VI2010, C. Chantal ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Saint-Lazare, 9VI2013 (15:00), sandpit, beaten from Erysymum sp., P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 12VI2013 (14:00), beaten from Brassica sp. ; same except: 14VI2013 (13:00) , 19VI2013 (14:00) ; same except: 6VI2014 (13:00), swept from Equisetum and grasses , 10VI2014 (17:00) ; same except: 23VI2014 (17:00), swept from Equisetum .[MRC de D\u2019Autray] Lanoraie, 26VIII1986, sweeping Sphagnum bog, L. LeSage, on Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraCurculionidae, new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016. Cirsiumarvense (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae)  , an invaeraceae) . All speCirsiumarvense, P. de Tonnancour and/or S. Dumont, 8VII2015 (13:00) ; 9VII2015 ; 10VII2015 ; 12VII2015 (16:00) ; 14VII2015 (15:00) ; 26VII2015 ; 25VIII2015 ; 01IX2015 (13:00) ; same except: , 28VI2016 (13:00) ; 30VI2016 ; same except: 4VII2016 ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Ville de l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 11VII2016 (15:00), beaten from Cirsiumarvense, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Laval, Laval , 20VII2016 (14:00), beaten from flowering Cirsiumarvense, P. de Tonnancour ; Montreal, Parc Zotique-Racicot , 26VII2016, beaten from Cirsiumarvense, S. Dumont ; same except: 28VII2016 ; MRC Laval, Laval , 17IX2016, beaten from flowering Cirsiumarvense, P. de Tonnancour .Montreal, Parc Zotique-Racicot , beaten from Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraCurculionidae, new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by Hiraku Yoshitake, 2014 This native species was previously known in Canada from Manitoba and Ontario , but itsBrassica sp., P. de Tonnancour .MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Saint-Lazare, 12VI2013 (14:00), sandpit, beaten from Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraCurculionidae, new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by Hiraku Yoshitake, 2014, and RSA, 2016. Podapiongallicola Riley, 1883, on pine , which has been reared from various pines and several other conifers ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Mont Rigaud, 31V2013 (13:00), beaten from Asclepiassyriaca, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 5VI2013 (13:00), rocky outcrop, swept from Rumexacetosella ; same except: 2V2015 (15:00), rocky outcrop, beaten from Pinusstrobus, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Collines-de-l\u2019Outaouais, Luskville (Sentier des chutes), 26V2015 (13:00), beaten from small Amelanchier sp., P. de Tonnancour .MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Notre-Dame-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 30IV2013 (16:00), beaten from flowering shoots of Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraCurculionidaeRoelofs, 1873, new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016 Trachyphloeus Germar, 1817, and was reported by This adventive species, originally from Asia, has gone undetected for many years in collections under the genus CCCH).[MRC Brome-Missisquoi], Saint-Armand, 6VII2015 (afternoon), C. Chantal , new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by Hiraku Yoshitake, 2014 Hyperarumicis is associated with various Polygonum L. spp. and Rumex spp. (Polygonaceae), especially the invasive curled dock, Rumexcrispus L., also introduced from Europe. Its potential as a biological control agent against this weed was recently assessed , this Palaearctic species has expanded its range considerably in North America. Surveys conducted from 1997 to 1999 in two Quebec vineyards failed to detect its presence , but itsassessed . This spassessed .CCTE); MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Notre-Dame-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 3VII2011 (17:00), beaten from Rumexcrispus, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 6VII2011 (2:00), UV + porch light, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Haut-Saint-Laurent, Saint-Anicet , 15VI2013 (13:00), wet meadow, swept from various herbaceous plants, P. de Tonnancour ; Montreal, \u00cele-Bizard (Parc-nature du Bois-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Bizard), 17VI2013, \u2265 5 cocoons on Rumex sp. (one emergence on 22VI2013), C. Pilon (observation documented by photos); MRC Haut-Saint-Laurent, Saint-Anicet , 26VI2015 (15:00), beaten from Rumexcrispus, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Coaticook, Waterville (45.27993 N 71.89987 O), 10VII2015 (20:00), beaten from Rumexcrispus, P. de Tonnancour ; same except 11VII2015 (10:00), H. Miquet-Sage, P. de Tonnancour, S. Dumont ; MRC Haut-Richelieu, Henryville, dike adjacent to R\u00e9serve \u00e9cologique Marcel-Raymond, 12V2016 (13:00\u201316:00), swept from grasses, Equisetum and Solidago, P. de Tonnancour 12V2016 .[MRC Brome-Missisquoi], Saint-Armand, 15VI2003, C. Tessier . Numerous CMNC specimens from Texas were collected on Polygonum.CPTO); same except: 23VIII2014 (15:00), small pond margin, beaten from Bidenscernua, P. de Tonnancour .MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Notre-Dame-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 3VII2008 (17:00), handpicked from building wall, P. de Tonnancour  Delarbre) (Polygonaceae) more than a century ago ; same except: 9V1993 , 30V1995 ; [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, 26V2002, flowers of Prunusvirginiana, C. Chantal ; [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, La Grande Baie, 28V2002, R. Vigneault ; same except: 4V2003 ; [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, Calvaire d\u2019Oka, 15VII2007, R. Vigneault ; [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, 16VI2011, R. Vigneault ; [MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, 1VIII2012 (16:00\u201317:00), swept from Polygonum sp., P. de Tonnancour & R. Vigneault ; same except: 19VIII2012 (17:00), swept from Polygonumamphibium, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 26VIII2012 (17:00) ; same except: 18V2013 (15:00), beaten from Crataegus sp., P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 25V2014, composting site, white tulle fabric flight interception trap, R. Vigneault .[MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, 4V1993, R. Vigneault  R. Br. (Convolvulaceae)). Based on these label data and on those of most specimens reported henceforth, R.aequalis appears to be associated with C.sepium.This native species was known in Canada only from Ontario  until BoCPTO; 2, CSLA); Montreal, Parc Zotique-Racicot , 8VII2015 (13:00), beaten from Castylegiasepium + Cirsiumarvense, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 9VII2015, S. Dumont , 24VII2015 ; same except: 26VII2105, beaten from Castylegiasepium + Cirsiumarvense, S. Dumont ; same except: 25VIII2015, beaten from Castylegiasepium + Cirsiumarvense, S. Dumont ; same except: 1IX2015 (13:00), beaten from Castylegiasepium, P. de Tonnancour & S. Dumont ; same except: 7VI2016 S. Dumont ; same except: 10VI2106 ; 14VI21016 ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Ville-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 15VI2016 (12:00), beaten from Castylegiasepium, P. de Tonnancour ; Montreal, Parc Zotique-Racicot , 16VI2016, beaten from Castylegiasepium, S. Dumont ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Notre-Dame-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 17VI2016 (12:30), beaten from Castylegiasepium, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Ville-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot , 18VI2016 (12:00), beaten from Castylegiasepium, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Notre-Dame-de-l\u2019\u00cele-Perrot, 21VI2016 (17:00), beaten from Castylegiasepium, P. de Tonnancour ; Montreal, Parc Zotique-Racicot , 23VI2016, beaten from Castylegiasepium, S. Dumont ; same except: 28VI2015 (13:00), P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 30VI2016, S. Dumont ; same except: 4VII2016 ; same except: 26VII2016 ; same except: 28VII2016 ; same except: 18VIII2016 .MRC Haut-Saint-Laurent, Saint-Anicet , 15VI2013, wet meadow, swept from various herbaceous plants, P. de Tonnancour & S. Laplante   , specifiand 1984 , obvioussylvania .C.buchanani.Specimens from southern USA were examined and found to be consistently larger than the northern forms from Quebec and northern USA, but dissections failed to reveal any further significant differences between the two groups. The status of the Canadian and northern USA forms needs further study. For the time being specimens reported herein will be considered as CCCH); MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 21V2009 (21:00\u201322:00), mercury vapour light, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 18VI2010 (23:00), mercury vapour + UV + porch light, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 6VII2011 (23:00), UV + porch light, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Marguerite-D\u2019Youville, Contrec\u0153ur, 8VII2012 (0:30), mercury vapour + UV light, P. de Tonnancour ; [MRC La Vall\u00e9eduRichelieu] MontSaintHilaire, 2-VI-2013, H. Miquet-Sage ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 21IX2014 (21:00), UV + porch light, P. de Tonnancour ; Montreal, Parc Zotique-Racicot , 19VI2015, beaten from Celtisoccidentalis, S. Dumont ; same except: 2VII2015 ; Montreal, 11875, rue Zotique-Racicot , beaten from Celtisoccidentalis, 8VII2015, P. de Tonnancour & S. Dumont ; same except: 12VII2015 (16:00), P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 9VII2015, S. Dumont ; same except: 16VIII2015 ; 21VIII2015 ; 25-VIII-2015 ; same except: 1IX2015, P. de Tonnancour & S. Dumont ; same except: 12X2015, S. Dumont ; same except: 22V2016 ; same except: 24V2016 ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 30V2016 (01:00), UV + porch light, P. de Tonnancour ; Montreal, Parc Zotique-Racicot , 7VI2016, beaten from Celtisoccidentalis, S. Dumont ; same except: 14VI2016 ; same except: 27VI2016, UV light ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 27VI2016 (22:45), UV + porch light, P. de Tonnancour ; Montreal, Parc Zotique-Racicot , 30VI2016, beaten from Celtisoccidentalis, S. Dumont ; same except: 8VIII2016 ; same except: 18VIII2016 .[MRC Brome-Missisquoi], Saint-Armand, 5VI2007, C. Chantal ; same except: plage d\u2019Oka, 2VIII2011 ; [MRC Marguerite-D\u2019Youville] Varennes, 8IX2015, attracted to UV lamp, C. Chantal ; MRC Deux-Montagnes, Parc national d\u2019Oka, 21VII2015 (1:00), beaten from foliage of Caryaovata, P. de Tonnancour .[MRC Deux-Montagnes] Parc national d\u2019Oka, composting site, 23VII2011, R. Vigneault , new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015 Conotrachelus Dejean, 1835 was previously known in Canada only from Ontario  as the type of the monobasic genus Loceptes Casey, 1910 .MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 19VI2014 (0:00), attracted to UV + porch light, P. de Tonnancour , new to Quebec Species identification confirmed by Hume Douglas, 2016 CNCI Canadian specimens are from Point Pelee National Park). As for the above-mentioned Conotrachelusbuchanani, this native species is associated with Celtis spp.  from dead branches of Celtisoccidentalis in Almonte, Ontario, ca. 30 km from the Quebec border .This minute native species (1.2\u20131.6mm) was previously known to occur in Canada only in the southernmost part of Ontario ; same except: 20V2016 (16:30) ; Montreal, rue Zotique-Racicot , 21VIII2015, beaten from Celtisoccidentalis, S. Dumont ; same except: 21V2016 ; same except: 22V2016 ; same except: 23V2016 ; same except: 24V2016 ; same except: 7VI2016 ; MRC Laval, Laval, rue des Charmes , 20VII2016 (15:00), beaten from Celtisoccidentalis, P. de Tonnancour ; MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil , 20VII2016, ex-larva from dead branch of Celtisoccidentalis, P. de Tonnancour ; same except: 28-VII-2016 ; same except: 14-VIII-2016 ; same except: 15-VIII-2016 ; same except : 18-III-2017 ; MRC Laval, Laval, rue des Charmes , 2IV2017, ex-larva from dead branch of Celtisoccidentalis, P. de Tonnancour .MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil , 20IX2013 (18:00), white tulle fabric flight interception trap, P. de Tonnancour . It occurs in association with common hackberry, Celtisoccidentalis, in Quebec, but also with dwarf hackberry, Celtistenuifolia Nutt. ; MRC Laval, Laval, rue des Charmes , 6VII2016 (15:00), beaten from Celtisoccidentalis, P. de Tonnancour .MRC Vaudreuil-Soulanges, Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 14VI2016 (14:00), white tulle fabric flight interception trap, P. de Tonnancour (1,"}
{"text": "Camelus dromedarius) in Laikipia County, Kenya\u201d. The correct citation is: 1. Deem SL, F\u00e8vre EM, Kinnaird M, Browne AS, Muloi D, Godeke G-J, et al. (2015) Serological Evidence of MERS-CoV Antibodies in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Laikipia County, Kenya. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0140125. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140125The species name was spelled incorrectly in the article title. The correct title is: \u201cSerological Evidence of MERS-CoV Antibodies in Dromedary Camels (The publisher apologizes for the error."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Yasutaka Fushimi. The correct citation is: Akasaka T, Fujimoto K, Yamamoto T, Okada T, Fushimi Y, Yamamoto A, et al. (2016) Optimization of Regularization Parameters in Compressed Sensing of Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Can Statistical Image Metrics Mimic Radiologists' Perception? PLoS ONE 11(1): e0146548."}
{"text": "The Editorial Board of the Journal Applied Oral Science communicates the formal retractionof the manuscript:Cintra LTA, Benetti F, Ferreira LL, Rahal V, Ervolino E, Jacinto RC, et al . Evaluation ofan experimental rat model for comparative studies of bleaching agents. J Appl Oral Sci.2016;24(2):171-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-775720150393Since it comprises a duplicated version of a manuscript previously published in thepreceding edition of the Journal Applied Oral Science:Cintra LTA, Benetti F, Ferreira LL, Rahal V, Ervolino E, Jacinto RC, et al . Evaluation ofan experimental rat model for comparative studies of bleaching agents. J Appl Oral Sci.2016;24(1):95-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-775720150393.Prof. Dr. Karin Hermana NeppelenbroekEditor-in-Chief"}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name is misspelled. The correct name is: Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188088The correct citation is: Musumari PM, Tangmunkongvorakul A, Srithanaviboonchai K, Feldman MD, Sitthi W, Rerkasem K, et al. (2017) Socio-behavioral risk factors among older adults living with HIV in Thailand. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0188088."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Petersen TN, Lukjancenko O, Thomsen MCF, Sperotto MM, Lund O, M\u00f8ller Aarestrup F, et al. (2017) MGmapper: Reference based mapping and taxonomy annotation of metagenomics sequence reads. PLoS ONE 12(5): e0176469. in silico dataset (250bp), six methods performed with no errors i.e. CLARK [19], Kraken, Kraken filtered, MEGAN4 BLASTN, MetaCV [20] and RITA.There are errors in the last sentence of the fifth paragraph of the Results. The correct sentence is: For the References 19 and 20 should be:BMC Genomics, 16:236.19. Ounit R, Wanamaker S, Close TJ, Lonardi S. (2015) CLARK: fast and accurate classification of metagenomic and genomic sequences using discriminative k-mers. Nucleic Acids Res., 41, 1\u201310.20. Liu J, Wang H, Yang H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhao F, Qi J. (2013) Composition-based classification of short metagenomic sequences elucidates the landscapes of taxonomic and functional enrichment of microorganisms."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Evelyne Lopez-Crapez. The correct citation is: Arsic N, Ho-Pun-Cheung A, Lopez-Crapez E, Assenat E, Jarlier M, Anguille C, et al. (2017) The p53 isoform delta133p53\u00df regulates cancer cell apoptosis in a RhoB-dependent manner. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0172125. doi:"}
{"text": "CARD9 Polymorphisms rs4077515, rs10870077 and rs10781499 Are Uncoupled from Susceptibility to and Severity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0163662. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163662The third author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Marco Iannaccone. The correct citation is: Streata I, Weiner J 3rd, Iannaccone M, McEwen G, Ciontea MS, Olaru M, et al. (2016) The"}
{"text": "The correct name is: M. Arantxa Colchero. The correct citation is: Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Zepeda-Tello R, Rodrigues ER, Colchero MA, Rojas-Mart\u00ednez R, Lazcano-Ponce E, et al. (2017) Expected population weight and diabetes impact of the 1-peso-per-litre tax to sugar sweetened beverages in Mexico. PLoS ONE12(5): e0176336. S1 FileMain model diagrams, and additional results on Body Mass Index and Diabetes.(PDF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Andrew M. Foote. The correct citation is: Nyoka R, Foote AM, Woods E, Lokey H, O\u2019Reilly CE, Magumba F, et al. (2017) Sanitation practices and perceptions in Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya: Comparing the status quo with a novel service-based approach. PLoS ONE 12(7): e0180864."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Khalil-Berdi Fotouhifar. The correct citation is: Ebrahimi L, Fotouhifar K-B, Javan Nikkhah M, Naghavi M-R, Baisakh N (2016) Population Genetic Structure of Apple Scab  G. Winter) in Iran. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0160737. doi:"}
{"text": "AbstractSabah, situated in one of the world\u2019s biodiversity hotspots, has the largest number of islands in Malaysia with more than 500 of various sizes and degrees of isolation. However, information on the islands\u2019 biodiversity is limited. This study provides an up-to-date checklist of land snail species found on 24 west coast islands in Sabah. A total of 67 species  representing 37 genera and 19 families is enumerated based on systematic field surveys of 133 sampling plots, BORNEENSIS database records and species checklists published between 2000 and 2016. The number of species on the islands ranges from four to 29. Labuan Island has the highest number of species (29), followed by Tiga Island (25), Mantanani Besar Island (24) and Gaya Island (23). However, the populations of some land snail species may have declined as several previously recorded species on the islands were not found in a recent systematic field sampling. This checklist is provided as a baseline inventory for future island land snail studies and to better inform biodiversity conservation plans of marine parks and other islands on the Sabah west coast. One of the first comprehensive checklists of land snails was published by th century, information on Sabah land snails was mainly contributed by Jaap J. Vermeulen through taxonomic revisions of several land snail genera . Sabah, a state in Malaysia and formerly known as British North Borneo, is situated on the northwestern part of the island. Documentation of the biodiversity in Sabah began in the 19l genera , 1999. Il groups , inventol groups , 2010. Tth century, several new species from Labuan Island, Tiga Island and Usukan Island on the west coast of Sabah were described  was mentioned. \u201cNot stated\u201d was given to species with no locality indicated in their original description. For provisional species name, type locality was indicated as \u201cnot applicable\u201d.BOR/MOL\u201d indicated specimens from the BORNEENSIS collection while \u201cV\u201d referred to the private collection of Jaap J. Vermeulen of Leiden in the Netherlands. \u201cNot seen\u201d was mentioned for materials based solely on literature that could not be examined.For each species, the accession number of referenced specimens from the west coast islands was listed out. The abbreviation \u201cIsland: [West]; [North]; [East]. Mainland:\u201d Islands in Sabah were grouped into three categories: [West] for islands located within the West Coast Division and Interior Division; [North] for those located within Kudat Division, and [East] for ones situated within the Sandakan Division and Tawau Division. The distribution of the species on the mainland was according to five divisions: West Coast Division, Kudat Division, Sandakan Division, Tawau Division and Interior Division . The family Ariophantidae was the most species-rich family found on west coast islands, with eleven species (17.6%) recorded. This was followed by the family Cyclophoridae  and family Euconulidae . Microsnails (size less than 5mm) accounted for about 47% of the total number of species. Among the 67 species, 19 were endemic, and six were introduced species. Species that were widespread across west coast islands included Kaliellascandens 20 islands, Pythiachrysostoma 20 islands, Leptopomapellucidum 18 islands, Paropeasachatinaceum 18 islands, Allopeasgracile 18 islands, and Ptychopatulaorcula 18 islands. Among these species, Leptopomapellucidum was the only Caenogastropod found widespread across the west coast islands.The checklist reported a total of 67 land snail species belonging to 37 genera and 19 families, of which 18 species were Elasmiasglobulosum, Acmellastriata, Japoniabalabacensis, Platyraphebongaoensis, and Plectostomajucundum (Pulau Mantanani Besar); Charopa sp. \u201clissobasis\u201d, Everettia sp. , Microcystina sp. 2, and Kaliellabarrakporensis (Pulau Labuan); Ganesellatigaensis, Pterocyclostenuilabiatus, Georissascalinella and Georissasaulae (Pulau Tiga); Ditropopsisimadatei, Ditropopsiskoperbergi and Pterocyclosamabilis (Pulau Gaya); Acmellapolita and Arinia sp. (Pulau Rusukan Besar); Diplommatinarecta and Videnametcalfei ; Charopa sp. \u201cjugalis\u201d (Pulau Sapangar); Microcystina sp. 1 (Pulau Peduk); and Truncatellamarginata (Pulau Burong). From all the listed species above, nine were island endemics as these species had not been reported from mainland Sabah previously . Most of these species were recorded from Pulau Labuan, Mantanani group, and also from all the gazetted marine parks: Pulau Tiga Marine Park, Tunku Abdul Rahman Park and Labuan Marine Park, indicating that marine parks as vital habitats for unique species of land snails.Surprisingly, this study revealed a high number of species that were unique to one particular island. 23 land snail species were found only on one of the 24 west coast islands included in this study. These were Among the 24 west coast islands, Pulau Labuan had the highest species richness (see supplementary file 1) and the highest number of species unique to the island. This could probably be due to its larger size compared to other islands. The second largest island on the west coast, Pulau Gaya, ranked fourth in species richness. Pulau Tiga and Pulau Mantanani Besar also recorded remarkable species richness, with 25 species from Pulau Tiga and 24 from Pulau Mantanani Besar. These two islands differed from other west coast islands in having limestone outcrops (in Pulau Mantanani Besar) and mud volcanoes (in Pulau Tiga), which potentially housed more diverse habitats leading to the existence of more land snail species.th century , Pterocycloslabuanensis , Geotrochuslabuanensis , Ganesellasubflava , Trachiapudica , and Nanina (Xesta) decrespignyi . On the other hand, three species were added to the previous land snail list of the Mantanani Island group by Elasmiasmanilense, Macrochlamystersa, and Nesopupamoreleti. However, four other species were not encountered during recent surveys\u2013Japoniabalabacensis, Gastrocoptarecondita, Elasmiasglobulosum and Microcystinamicrorhynchus. In addition, four species, including some Borneo-endemic species found in Pulau Tiga during 2000 and 2003 were not encountered again during recent surveys \u2013Georissasaulae, Georissascalinella, Geotrochusconicoides and Pterocyclostenuilabiatus.Nevertheless, many species from Pulau Labuan in the 19 century  were notThe decline of land snail species  on the west coast islands could be attributed to two reasons. First, the field sampling period coincided partly with El Nino which had caused six months of drought in Sabah between January 2016 and June 2016 and might have negatively influenced sampling effectiveness. Second, forested habitats on many islands have vanished due to rapid urban development and tourism activities, particularly in Pulau Labuan . Many ofSubulinaoctona, Achatinafulica, Huttonellabicolor, Macrochlamysindica, Quantulastriata and Bradybaenasimilaris. A large quantity of Macrochlamysindica and Quantulastriata were found only on Pulau Labuan and Pulau Papan with Quantulastriata a new record for Sabah land snails. The impact of the invasion by these introduced species on island land snail communities remains unknown. Therefore, future research should focus on the effects of introduced species on native species.However, six introduced land snail species were encountered across the 24 west coast islands \u2013Plectostomajucundum (endemic to Pulau Mantanani Besar) and Ganesellatigaensis (endemic to Pulau Tiga). Biodiversity conservation plans are therefore advocated not only for marine parks, but also for other west coast islands in Sabah.Although only 24 out of the 500 islands in Sabah were included, this study has managed to document nearly 20% of the total land snail species in Sabah. West coast islands are significant as habitats for land snails, particularly for several endemic species. In view of this, islands within the Labuan Marine Park, Pulau Tiga Park, Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, Pulau Labuan and Mantanani Island group should be prioritised for land snail conservation. Particular attention should also be accorded to island endemic species such as Taxon classificationAnimaliaLittorinimorphaAssimineidaeVermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Kudat\u2013Balambangan Island, South end, Batu Sireh\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3726, BOR/MOL 7173.Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Besar; [North] Pulau Balambangan. Mainland: Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaLittorinimorphaAssimineidaeVon Moellendorff, 1887\u201cPhilippine: Luzon\u2013Montalban near Manilla\u201d Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12237, BOR/MOL 12243.Island: [West] Pulau Rusukan Besar. Mainland: Interior Division, Sandakan Division and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah. First record on an offshore island.Taxon classificationAnimaliaArchitaenioglossaCyclophoridae\u201cBorneo\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 105.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga. Mainland: West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division and Tawau Division.Endemic to Borneo. The examined sample was collected in 2000 and not found in the current surveys.Taxon classificationAnimaliaArchitaenioglossaCyclophoridaeFulton, 1905\u201cN. Borneo\u201d Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 8850, BOR/MOL 11118.Island: [West] Pulau Gaya. Mainland: West Coast Division and Interior Division.Endemic to Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaArchitaenioglossaCyclophoridae\u201cPhilippines: Manilla\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 1562, BOR/MOL 1573, BOR/MOL 3723, BOR/MOL 3724, BOR/MOL 6008, BOR/MOL 6009, BOR/MOL 6011, BOR/MOL 6012, BOR/MOL 6013, BOR/MOL 6699, BOR/MOL 6700, BOR/MOL 6701, BOR/MOL 6702, BOR/MOL 6704, BOR/MOL 7187. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3727, BOR/MOL 3728, BOR/MOL 3787. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 6064, BOR/MOL 6065, BOR/MOL 6066, BOR/MOL 6162, BOR/MOL 6168, BOR/MOL 6178, BOR/MOL 8733, BOR/MOL 8737, BOR/MOL 8738, Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 8817, BOR/MOL 9720, BOR/MOL 9722, BOR/MOL 9726, BOR/MOL 9727, BOR/MOL 9728. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 6301, BOR/MOL 6303, BOR/MOL 8816, BOR/MOL 8851, BOR/MOL 9444, BOR/MOL 9445, BOR/MOL 9446, BOR/MOL 9447, BOR/MOL 9449, BOR/MOL 9450, BOR/MOL 9451. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 6784, BOR/MOL 6786, BOR/MOL 6791, BOR/MOL 6792, BOR/MOL 6794, BOR/MOL 6796, BOR/MOL 6777, BOR/MOL 6780, BOR/MOL 6782, BOR/MOL 12000, BOR/MOL 12006, BOR/MOL 12013, BOR/MOL 12014, BOR/MOL 12015. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/MOL 6802, BOR/MOL 6803, BOR/MOL 6804. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/MOL 7151, BOR/MOL 7152, BOR/MOL 7153, BOR/MOL 7154, BOR/MOL 7155, BOR/MOL 7156, BOR/MOL 10379. Pulau Sapi: BOR/MOL 6668, BOR/MOL 6669, BOR/MOL 6670, BOR/MOL 7933, BOR/MOL 8523, BOR/MOL 8524. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 6691, BOR/MOL 6693, BOR/MOL 6694, BOR/MOL 6695, BOR/MOL 6764, BOR/MOL 6767, BOR/MOL 10000, BOR/MOL 10009. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 6744, BOR/MOL 6745, BOR/MOL 6746, BOR/MOL 6747, BOR/MOL 6749, BOR/MOL 6752, BOR/MOL 6755. Pulau Sulug: BOR/MOL 6769, BOR/MOL 6770, BOR/MOL 6771, BOR/MOL 7932, BOR/MOL 10338, BOR/MOL 10346. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 7886, BOR/MOL 7887, BOR/MOL 7888, BOR/MOL 7881, BOR/MOL 7882, BOR/MOL 12024, BOR/MOL 12025, BOR/MOL 12027, BOR/MOL 12039, BOR/MOL 12040, BOR/MOL 12475. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 7913, BOR/MOL 7917, BOR/MOL 7904, BOR/MOL 7906, BOR/MOL 7907, BOR/MOL 7910, BOR/MOL 8590, BOR/MOL 8795, BOR/MOL 12168, BOR/MOL 12184. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 7678, BOR/MOL 7679, BOR/MOL 7680, BOR/MOL 7681, BOR/MOL 7683, BOR/MOL 7693, BOR/MOL 7694, BOR/MOL 8909. Pulau Rusukan Kecil: BOR/MOL 8552, BOR/MOL 8555, BOR/MOL 8556, BOR/MOL 8557, BOR/MOL 8558, BOR/MOL 8605, BOR/MOL 8539, BOR/MOL 8540, BOR/MOL 8541, BOR/MOL 8542, BOR/MOL 8543, BOR/MOL 8544, BOR/MOL 8545, BOR/MOL 8546, BOR/MOL 8550. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 8559, BOR/MOL 8560, BOR/MOL 8574, BOR/MOL 8575, BOR/MOL 8576, BOR/MOL 8583, BOR/MOL 8584, BOR/MOL 8585, BOR/MOL 8588, BOR/MOL 8589, BOR/MOL 12234, BOR/MOL 12247, BOR/MOL 12265, BOR/MOL 12271. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 8614, BOR/MOL 8621, BOR/MOL 8622, BOR/MOL 8626, BOR/MOL 8631, BOR/MOL 8635, BOR/MOL 8638, BOR/MOLBOR/MOL 12099, BOR/MOL 12108, BOR/MOL 12120, BOR/MOL 12134, BOR/MOL 12144.Island: [West] Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Udar Kecil, Pulau Udar Besar, Pulau Usukan, Pulau Labuan, Labuan Marine Park; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bod Gaya. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaArchitaenioglossaCyclophoridae\u201cPhilippines: Sulu Archipelago: Tawi-Tawi\u2013Bongao island\u201d .Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3722, BOR/MOL 7169, BOR/MOL 7185, BOR/MOL 7201.Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Besar; [North] Pulau Balambangan. Mainland: No record.Only found in Pulau Mantanani Besar and Pulau Balambangan, which are close to the Palawan archipelago in the Philippines.Taxon classificationAnimaliaArchitaenioglossaCyclophoridaeJaponiakinabaluensis \u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Ranau\u2013Mt. Kinabalu\u201d ; Japoniatrilirata \u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Labuan\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 201, BOR/MOL 202, BOR/MOL 2758, BOR/MOL 8518, BOR/MOL 6606, BOR/MOL 6595, BOR/MOL 8425, BOR/MOL 8431, BOR/MOL 11079, BOR/MOL 11087, BOR/MOL 11091, BOR/MOL 11093, BOR/MOL 11107, BOR/MOL 11109, BOR/MOL 11110. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 8461, BOR/MOL 8475, BOR/MOL 8477, BOR/MOL 8449, BOR/MOL 8495, BOR/MOL 8502, BOR/MOL 9448, BOR/MOL 10988, BOR/MOL 10359, BOR/MOL 10369. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 8577, BOR/MOL 8578, BOR/MOL 8579, BOR/MOL 8586, BOR/MOL 12227, BOR/MOL 12242, BOR/MOL 12246, BOR/MOL 12255, BOR/MOL 12260, BOR/MOL 12266, BOR/MOL 12267, BOR/MOL 12270. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 8615, BOR/MOL 8632, BOR/MOL 8636, BOR/MOL 8639, BOR/MOL 8644, BOR/MOL 8647, BOR/MOL 8656, BOR/MOL 12103, BOR/MOL 12105, BOR/MOL 12114, BOR/MOL 12126, BOR/MOL 12136, BOR/MOL 12139, BOR/MOL 12145. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 8922, BOR/MOL 8905, BOR/MOL 8915, BOR/MOL 8917. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 11991, BOR/MOL 11997, BOR/MOL 12011. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12194.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Rusukan Besar, Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Labuan; [East] Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Sebangkat, Pulau Selakan, Pulau Tetagan. Mainland: West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division and Tawau Division.Japoniakinabaluensis  and Japoniatrilirata  is ambiguous as the shell shape and size of the two species are highly variable and intermediate shell forms have been found. Therefore, we considered J.kinabaluensis and J.trilirata as Japoniatrilirata/kinabaluensis species complex.Widespread in Sabah. The difference between Taxon classificationAnimaliaArchitaenioglossaCyclophoridae\u201cPhilippines: Palawan\u2013Balabac Island\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3725.Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Besar; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan. Mainland: No record.Only found in Pulau Mantanani Besar, Pulau Balambangan and Pulau Banggi, which are close to the Palawan archipelago in the Philippines.Taxon classificationAnimaliaArchitaenioglossaCyclophoridae\u201cMalaysia: Sarawak: Miri\u2013Batu Niah N.P\u201d Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 6681, BOR/MOL 6683, BOR/MOL 8466, BOR/MOL 8481, BOR/MOL 8489, BOR/MOL 8494, BOR/MOL 8501, BOR/MOL 10363, BOR/MOL 10368. Pulau Sapi: BOR/MOL 10027, BOR/MOL 10293. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 10298, BOR/MOL 10302, BOR/MOL 10303, BOR/MOL 10307, BOR/MOL 10316, BOR/MOL 10318, BOR/MOL 10324. Pulau Sulug: BOR/MOL 10330, BOR/MOL 10332, BOR/MOL 10333, BOR/MOL 10339, BOR/MOL 10345.Island: [West] Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Sulug. Mainland: Interior Division.Endemic to Borneo.Taxon classificationAnimaliaArchitaenioglossaCyclophoridae\u201cIndonesia: Kalimantan: Landak\u201d Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 8455, BOR/MOL 8446.Island: [West] Pulau Gaya. Mainland: Interior Division, West Coast Division and Sandakan Division.Endemic to Borneo.Taxon classificationAnimaliaArchitaenioglossaCyclophoridae\u201cBrunei: Bandar Seri Begawan\u201d Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 8460, BOR/MOL 10358.Island: [West] Pulau Gaya. Mainland: Interior Division.Endemic to Borneo.Taxon classificationAnimaliaMesogastropodaDiplommatinidaeE.A. Smith, 1895\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Ranau\u2013Mt. Kinabalu\u201d Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 12297.Island: [West] Pulau Mengalum; [North] Pulau Balambangan. Mainland: No record.There is no recent record of this species from the mainland. The only record on the mainland is in the original description of the species by Taxon classificationAnimaliaMesogastropodaDiplommatinidaeE.A. Smith, 1894\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Sandakan\u2013Gomantong\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3721, BOR/MOL 7172, BOR/MOL 7177, BOR/MOL 7183. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3729, BOR/MOL 7196. Pulau Lungisan: BOR/MOL 3742. Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 6598, BOR/MOL 11100. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 12026, BOR/MOL 12028, BOR/MOL 12037, BOR/MOL 12048, BOR/MOL 12051, BOR/MOL 12053. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 12102, BOR/MOL 12107.Island: [West] Mantanani group, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Usukan, Pulau Kuraman. Mainland: Kudat Division, Sandakan Division and Tawau Division.Endemic and widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaMesogastropodaDiplommatinidaesp.Not applicable.Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12252.Island: [West] Pulau Rusukan Besar. Mainland: No record.Arinia species in Borneo treated in the revision by Unknown status. Does not match with any other Taxon classificationAnimaliaMesogastropodaDiplommatinidae\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Kota Belud\u2013Mantanani Island\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3720, BOR/MOL 5601, BOR/MOL 7179.Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Besar. Mainland: No record.Endemic to Pulau Mantanani Besar. Critically endangered as this species is only found in one locality and is threatened by habitat loss .Taxon classificationAnimaliaMesogastropodaDiplommatinidaesp.Not applicable.BOR/MOL 11993.Pulau Sapangar: Island: [West] Pulau Sapangar. Mainland: No record.Unable to identify because the only shell found was juvenile.Taxon classificationAnimaliaLittorinimorphaTruncatellidae\u201cFrance: Reunion\u201d Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3731. Pulau Peduk: BOR/MOL 10348. Pulau Burong: BOR/MOL 12333.Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Kecil, Pulau Peduk, Pulau Burong; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan. Mainland: West Coast Division.Unknown status. Relatively scarce information about the distribution in Sabah as its habitat at coastal areas has rarely been surveyed. Presumably widespread along coastal areas since this species was known from across the Indo-pacific region .Taxon classificationAnimaliaLittorinimorphaTruncatellidaeK\u00fcster, 1855\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Labuan\u201d Pulau Burong: BOR/MOL 12445.Island: [West] Pulau Burong. Mainland: No record.Unknown status. Scarce information about the distribution in Sabah as its habitat at coastal area has rarely been surveyed.Taxon classificationAnimaliaLittorinimorphaTruncatellidae\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Kota Belud\u2013Usukan island\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3719, BOR/MOL 6703, BOR/MOL 7164, BOR/MOL 7200. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3730, BOR/MOL 3755. Pulau Lungisan: BOR/MOL 3743. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 6067, BOR/MOL 6163, BOR/MOL 6170, BOR/MOL 6179, BOR/MOL 8730, BOR/MOL 8734, BOR/MOL 8735, BOR/MOL 8736, BOR/MOL 8858, BOR/MOL 8859, BOR/MOL 8860, BOR/MOL 8863, BOR/MOL 9993, BOR/MOL 9996, BOR/MOL 9997, BOR/MOL 12345, BOR/MOL 12279, BOR/MOL 12288, BOR/MOL 12296, BOR/MOL 12302, BOR/MOL 12312, BOR/MOL 12315, BOR/MOL 12320. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 6692, BOR/MOL 6696, BOR/MOL 6697, BOR/MOL 6698, BOR/MOL 6765, BOR/MOL 6768, BOR/MOL 10008, BOR/MOL 10014, BOR/MOL 10023, BOR/MOL 10025. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 6750, BOR/MOL 6751, BOR/MOL 6753, BOR/MOL 6754, BOR/MOL 6756, BOR/MOL 6761, BOR/MOL 6762, BOR/MOL 6772, BOR/MOL 10301, BOR/MOL 10309. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 7884, BOR/MOL 7885, BOR/MOL 7893, BOR/MOL 7895, BOR/MOL 7898, BOR/MOL 7883, BOR/MOL 12477. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 7685, BOR/MOL 7692, BOR/MOL 8902, BOR/MOL 8911.Island: [West] Mantanani group, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Usukan, Pulau Dinawan; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Sebangkat, Pulau Selakan, Pulau Tetagan, Pulau Mantabuan, Pulau Sibuan, Pulau Maiga. Mainland: Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Endemic and widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaCycloneritimorphaHydrocenidae\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Keningau\u2013Lian Cave\u201d (van Benthem Jutting 1966)Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 27.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga. Mainland: West Coast Division and Interior Division.Endemic to Sabah. The examined sample was collected in 2000 and not found in the current survey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaCycloneritimorphaHydrocenidae\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Lahad Datu\u2013Lahad Batu Caves on Teck Guan Estate\u201d (van Benthem Jutting 1966).Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 41.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga. Mainland: Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Endemic to Sabah. The examined sample was collected in 2000 and not found in the current survey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaCycloneritimorphaHydrocenidaeGodwin-Austen, 1889\u201cBorneo\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3718, BOR/MOL 7161, BOR/MOL 7174. Pulau Lungisan: BOR/MOL 3744.Island: [West] Mantanani Island group. Mainland: West Coast Division and Sandakan Division.Widespread in Sabah mainland.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAchatinellidaeQuoi & Gaimard ex Zilch, 1962\u201cPhilippines: Mindanao\u201d (Quoi & Gaimard ex Zilch 1962)BOR/MOL 3717 (Not seen).Pulau Mantanani Besar: Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Besar; [North] Pulau Balambangan. Mainland: No record.Only found in Pulau Mantanani Besar and Pulau Balambangan, which are close to the Palawan archipelago in the Philippines. This species is reported in Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAchatinellidae\u201cPhilippines: Luzon\u2013 near Manila\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 7163. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 8470. Pulau Rusukan Kecil: BOR/MOL 8554, BOR/MOL 8607, BOR/MOL 8549, BOR/MOL 8551, BOR/MOL 12356. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 8562, BOR/MOL 8567, BOR/MOL 8568, BOR/MOL 8582, BOR/MOL 12228, BOR/MOL 12241, BOR/MOL 12249, BOR/MOL 12254. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 8649, BOR/MOL 8651, BOR/MOL 12109.Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Besar, Pulau Gaya, Labuan Marine Park; [East] Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Mantabuan, Pulau Sibuan. Mainland: No record.Widespread in Sabah on islands.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAchatinellidae\u201cIndonesia: Maluku\u2013Ambon\u201d Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 8912. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/MOL 11075, BOR/MOL 11076. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 11974. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 8470. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12228, BOR/MOL 12241, BOR/MOL 12542.Island: [West] Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Udar Besar, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Rusukan Besar. Mainland: Tawau Division.Rather widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAchatinidaeNot stated.Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 1824, BOR/MOL 3716, BOR/MOL 3756, BOR/MOL 7191. Pulau Lungisan: BOR/MOL 3745. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 6592, BOR/MOL 7901, BOR/MOL 7903, BOR/MOL 7926, BOR/MOL 7927, BOR/MOL 8814, BOR/MOL 12183, BOR/MOL 12200, BOR/MOL 12214, BOR/MOL 12224, BOR/MOL 12338, BOR/MOL 12341, BOR/MOL 12344, BOR/MOL 12446, BOR/MOL 12482. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 8923. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 12022, BOR/MOL 12023, BOR/MOL 12079, BOR/MOL 12080, BOR/MOL 12081, BOR/MOL 12339, BOR/MOL 12340, BOR/MOL 12480. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 12066.Island:[West] Pulau Mantanani Besar, Pulau Lungisan, Pulau Labuan, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Usukan, Pulau Papan; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Introduced and widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAriophantidae\u201cIndia: Puducherry: Pondicherry\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 998, BOR/MOL 1008, BOR/MOL 1009, BOR/MOL 1389, BOR/MOL 4262, BOR/MOL 2811, BOR/MOL 2816, BOR/MOL 3049, BOR/MOL 6567, BOR/MOL 6570, BOR/MOL 6571, BOR/MOL 6574, BOR/MOL 6594, BOR/MOL 6612, BOR/MOL 6581, BOR/MOL 6583, BOR/MOL 6585, BOR/MOL 7860, BOR/MOL 7870,.BOR/MOL 7872, BOR/MOL 7879, BOR/MOL 8436, BOR/MOL 8442, BOR/MOL 8430, BOR/MOL 8515, BOR/MOL 8517, BOR/MOL 8596, BOR/MOL 8602, BOR/MOL 8604, BOR/MOL 11089, BOR/MOL 11102, BOR/MOL 11103, BOR/MOL 11113, BOR/MOL 11114, BOR/MOL 11115. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 6302, BOR/MOL 6304, BOR/MOL 6616, BOR/MOL 6625, BOR/MOL 6626, BOR/MOL 6639, BOR/MOL 6640, BOR/MOL 6647, BOR/MOL 6649, BOR/MOL 6672, BOR/MOL 6676, BOR/MOL 6680, BOR/MOL 6682, BOR/MOL 8483, BOR/MOL 8485, BOR/MOL 8490, BOR/MOL 8506, BOR/MOL 8513, BOR/MOL 8522, BOR/MOL 8849, BOR/MOL 8853, BOR/MOL 8854, BOR/MOL 8855, BOR/MOL 8856, BOR/MOL 9721, BOR/MOL 10364, BOR/MOL 9729. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12268.Island: [West] Pulau Gaya, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Rusukan Besar; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bod Gaya. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.BOR/MOL 12268) are probably fossilised.Widespread in Sabah. Specimens from Pulau Rusukan Besar \u201cBorneo\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 2828, BOR/MOL 6577, BOR/MOL 6580, BOR/MOL 1062. Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 7171. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 7928, BOR/MOL 12171, BOR/MOL 12193, BOR/MOL 12210. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 7825, BOR/MOL 7826, BOR/MOL 12060, BOR/MOL 12068, BOR/MOL 12069, BOR/MOL 12070. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 9723. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 10299. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 11998, BOR/MOL 11975, BOR/MOL 11985, BOR/MOL 11996.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga, Pulau Mantanani Besar, Pulau Labuan, Pulau Papan, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Sapangar; [North] Pulau Banggi; [East] Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Mantabuan, Pulau Sebangkat, Pulau Sibuan, Pulau Maiga. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAriophantidae\u201cIndia: West Bengal: Calcutta\u201d (Godwin-Austen 1883)Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 7821. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 8591, BOR/MOL 12167, BOR/MOL 12169, BOR/MOL 12181, BOR/MOL 12186, BOR/MOL 12191, BOR/MOL 12209, BOR/MOL 12219, BOR/MOL 12220, BOR/MOL 12221, BOR/MOL 12226, BOR/MOL 12273, BOR/MOL 12488, BOR/MOL 12489, BOR/MOL 12490.Island: [West] Pulau Papan, Pulau Labuan. Mainland: West Coast Division, Interior Division.Introduced to Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAriophantidaeVermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Lahad Datu\u2013Tabin Valley\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 1100. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 10310. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/MOL 10370, BOR/MOL 10375. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 12029, BOR/MOL 12033, BOR/MOL 12043, BOR/MOL 12054, BOR/MOL 12055, BOR/MOL 12470. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 12063, BOR/MOL 12065. Pulau Rusukan Kecil: BOR/MOL 12155. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12460.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Udar Kecil, Pulau Usukan, Pulau Papan, Pulau Papan, Pulau Rusukan Kecil; [North] Pulau Banggi; [East] Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Sebangkat. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Endemic to Borneo and widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAriophantidaeVon Moellendorff, 1885\u201cChina: GuangDong Province\u2013Shiu Heng Hap\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3713, BOR/MOL 7168, BOR/MOL 7180, BOR/MOL 7184. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3734. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 6175, BOR/MOL 12287, BOR/MOL 12313. Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 6602, BOR/MOL 8435, BOR/MOL 8424. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 6620, BOR/MOL 6623, BOR/MOL 8452, BOR/MOL 8459, BOR/MOL 8473, BOR/MOL 8445, BOR/MOL 8505, BOR/MOL 8493, BOR/MOL 10365. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 8919, BOR/MOL 8901. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 12031, BOR/MOL 12032, BOR/MOL 12041, BOR/MOL 12044, BOR/MOL 12047, BOR/MOL 12471, BOR/MOL 12478. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12185, BOR/MOL 12206.Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Besar, Pulau Mantanani Kecil, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Usukan, Pulau Labuan; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Sebangkat, Pulau Selakan, Pulau Tetagan. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAriophantidaeVermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Interior Province\u2013Gua Pungiton\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3714. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3733. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 8453, BOR/MOL 8456, BOR/MOL 8463, BOR/MOL 8468, BOR/MOL 8474, BOR/MOL 8480, BOR/MOL 8508, BOR/MOL 8487, BOR/MOL 10367. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 10005. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 12001, BOR/MOL 11976, BOR/MOL 11982, BOR/MOL 11983, BOR/MOL 11986, BOR/MOL 11987, BOR/MOL 11988. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12207, BOR/MOL 12211.Island: [West] Mantanani group, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Labuan; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Bohey Dulang. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Endemic to Borneo and widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAriophantidaeVermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Kota Belud\u2013Mantanani Group, Pulau Lungisan\u201d Pulau Lungisan: BOR/MOL 3746, Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3715, BOR/MOL 7159, BOR/MOL 7176, BOR/MOL 7186. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3732.Island: [West] Mantanani group; [North] Pulau Banggi. Mainland: No record.Endemic to Sabah. Only found in Pulau Mantanani Besar and Pulau Balambangan, which are close to the Palawan archipelago in the Philippines.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraAriophantidaeVermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Sandakan\u2013Kinabatangan Valley, Batu Keruak 2, near Sukau\u201d Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 8451, BOR/MOL 8457, BOR/MOL 8464, BOR/MOL 8478, BOR/MOL 8482, BOR/MOL 8447, BOR/MOL 8507, BOR/MOL 8498. Pulau Lungisan: V 9862 (Not seen).Island: [West] Pulau Gaya, Pulau Lungisan. Mainland: West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.BOR/MOL 8457 consists of a single white, translucent shell \u201cIndonesia: East Nusa Tenggara\u2013Timor\u201d (F\u00e9russac 1821)Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 6299, BOR/MOL 6763, BOR/MOL 6766, BOR/MOL 10327, BOR/MOL 10564. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 8669, BOR/MOL 8803, BOR/MOL 12165. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 8623, BOR/MOL 12125. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 12012.Island: [West] Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Labuan, Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Sapangar; [North] Pulau Banggi. Mainland: West Coast Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Introduced and widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraCamaenidae\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Kudat\u2013Banguey island\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3712, BOR/MOL 7192, BOR/MOL 7202. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3735.Island: [West] Mantanani group; [North] Pulau Balambangan, Pulau Banggi. Mainland: No record.Only found in Pulau Mantanani Besar and Pulau Balambangan, which are close to the Palawan archipelago in the Philippines. All specimens from the Mantanani Island group are broken shells.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraCamaenidae\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Kuala Penyu\u2013Tiga Island\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 6573.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga. Mainland: No record.Endemic to Pulau Tiga.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraCharopidae\u201cPhilippines: Rizal: Montalban\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3711, BOR/MOL 7165, BOR/MOL 7175, BOR/MOL 7188. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 7199, BOR/MOL 3736. Pulau Lungisan: BOR/MOL 3747. Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 11092. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 12106. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12259.Island: [West] Mantanani Group, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Rusukan Besar; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Selakan, Pulau Tetagan. Mainland: West Coast Division, and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraCharopidaesp. \u201cjugalis\u201dNot applicable.Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 11989.Island: [West] Pulau Sapangar. Mainland: Sandakan Division, Tawau Division and Interior Division.Provisional working species name based on a manuscript in preparation. Endemic to Borneo. Widespread in Sabah. Only single shell found in Pulau Sapangar.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraCharopidaesp. \u201clissobasis\u201dNot applicable.BOR/MOL 12180.Pulau Labuan: Island: [West] Pulau Labuan. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Provisional working species name based on a manuscript in preparation. Endemic and widespread in Sabah. Only single shell found in Pulau Labuan.Taxon classificationAnimaliaPanpulmonataDyakiidae\u201cMalaysia: Sabah: Labuan\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 932, BOR/MOL 4237, BOR/MOL 4261, BOR/MOL 6566, BOR/MOL 6569, BOR/MOL 6601, BOR/MOL 6609, BOR/MOL 6611, BOR/MOL 6597, BOR/MOL 6576, BOR/MOL 6579, BOR/MOL 8413, BOR/MOL 8441, BOR/MOL 8443, BOR/MOL 8419, BOR/MOL 8514, BOR/MOL 8516, BOR/MOL 8520, BOR/MOL 8597, BOR/MOL 11088, BOR/MOL 11090, BOR/MOL 11095, BOR/MOL 11105, BOR/MOL 11111, BOR/MOL 11116. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 6671, BOR/MOL 7912, BOR/MOL 7916, BOR/MOL 7918, BOR/MOL 7919, BOR/MOL 7920, BOR/MOL 8796, BOR/MOL 12225, BOR/MOL 12448, BOR/MOL 12450, BOR/MOL 12451, BOR/MOL 12453, BOR/MOL 12454, BOR/MOL 12457.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga, Pulau Labuan. Mainland: Interior Division.Endemic to Borneo.Taxon classificationAnimaliaPanpulmonataDyakiidae\u201cNorth Borneo\u201d Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 6617, BOR/MOL 6642, BOR/MOL 6644, BOR/MOL 6645, BOR/MOL 6666, BOR/MOL 6667, BOR/MOL 6677, BOR/MOL 6679, BOR/MOL 8479, BOR/MOL 8491, BOR/MOL 8499, BOR/MOL 8510, BOR/MOL 8511, BOR/MOL 8521, BOR/MOL 8852, BOR/MOL 9719, BOR/MOL 10366, BOR/MOL 11117. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 6158, BOR/MOL 6167, BOR/MOL 12327, BOR/MOL 12329, BOR/MOL 12346, BOR/MOL 12348, BOR/MOL 12304, BOR/MOL 12347. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/PageBreakMOL 6783, BOR/MOL 6785, BOR/MOL 6787, BOR/MOL 6790, BOR/MOL 6793, BOR/MOL 6795, BOR/MOL 6797, BOR/MOL 6779, BOR/MOL 6781, BOR/MOL 12007, BOR/MOL 12008, BOR/MOL 12009, BOR/MOL 11972, BOR/MOL 11973, BOR/MOL 11992, BOR/MOL 12010, BOR/MOL 12017, BOR/MOL 12018, BOR/MOL 12019, BOR/MOL 12020, BOR/MOL 12021. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 8613, BOR/MOL 8627, BOR/MOL 8628, BOR/MOL 8633, BOR/MOL 8637, BOR/MOL 8645, BOR/MOL 8648, BOR/MOL 8654, BOR/MOL 12104, BOR/MOL 12113, BOR/MOL 12119, BOR/MOL 12121, BOR/MOL 12122, BOR/MOL 12132, BOR/MOL 12133, BOR/MOL 12135, BOR/MOL 12141, BOR/MOL 12142, BOR/MOL 12146. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12264, BOR/MOL 12269.Island: [West] Pulau Gaya, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Rusukan Besar; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan. Mainland: West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Endemic and widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaPanpulmonataDyakiidaesp.Not applicable.Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 7905.Island: [West] Pulau Labuan. Mainland: No record.Everettia species in Sabah based on comparisons with materials from Morphology found to differ from other known Taxon classificationAnimaliaPanpulmonataDyakiidaeNot stated.Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 7923, BOR/MOL 7924, BOR/MOL 8812, BOR/MOL 8815, BOR/MOL 12163, BOR/MOL 12170, BOR/MOL 12182, BOR/MOL 12189, BOR/MOL 12190, BOR/MOL 12216, BOR/MOL 12447, BOR/MOL 12449, BOR/MOL 12452, BOR/MOL 12487. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 7819, BOR/MOL 7820, BOR/MOL 7829, BOR/MOL 7832, BOR/MOL 7833, BOR/MOL 12056, BOR/MOL 12057, BOR/MOL 12061, BOR/MOL 12067, BOR/MOL 12071, BOR/MOL 12074, BOR/MOL 12076, BOR/MOL 12077, BOR/MOL 12078.Island: [West] Pulau Labuan, Pulau Papan. Mainland: No record.Introduced to Sabah. This is the first record of this species in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaArchaeopulmonataEllobiidaeTapparone Canefri, 1883\u201cIndonesia: North Maluku: Ternate\u2013near house of Sultan\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 6605, BOR/MOL 7866, BOR/MOL 8429, BOR/MOL 11106. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 6619, BOR/MOL 6673, BOR/MOL 6690, BOR/MOL 8484, BOR/MOL 8512. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOLPageBreak6798, BOR/MOL 12003, BOR/MOL 12004, BOR/MOL 12016. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/MOL 6801, BOR/MOL 11077, BOR/MOL 11078. Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 7167. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 7197. Pulau Lungisan: BOR/MOL 3751. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 7699. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 8810, BOR/MOL 12164. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 10002, BOR/MOL 10010, BOR/MOL 10026. Pulau Sulug: BOR/MOL 10342, BOR/MOL 10347. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 10343, BOR/MOL 10344. Pulau Peduk: BOR/MOL 10357. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 12062. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 12325, BOR/MOL 12277, BOR/MOL 12280, BOR/MOL 12281, BOR/MOL 12285. Pulau Rusukan Kecil: BOR/MOL 12158, BOR/MOL 12159. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 12137. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12272. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 12275. Pulau Burong: BOR/MOL 12334.Island: [West] Mantanani group, Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, Labuan Marine Park, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Labuan, Pulau Papan, Pulau Usukan, Pulau Burong, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Udar Besar; [North] Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Sebangkat, Pulau Mantabuan, Pulau Sibuan, Pulau Maiga, Pulau Bohey Dulang. Mainland: Kudat Division, Tawau DivisionWidespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraEuconulidae\u201cPhilippines: Cebu: Sibonga\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 853, BOR/MOL 2701, BOR/MOL 8609, BOR/MOL 8610, BOR/MOL 6593, BOR/MOL 6600, BOR/MOL 6614, BOR/MOL 7862, BOR/MOL 7864, BOR/MOL 7865, BOR/MOL 8412, BOR/MOL 8433, BOR/MOL 8420, BOR/MOL 8599, BOR/MOL 8600, BOR/MOL 11082, BOR/MOL 11097. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 7823, BOR/MOL 7824. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 8561, BOR/MOL 8565, BOR/MOL 8566, BOR/MOL 12230, BOR/MOL 12248, BOR/MOL 12261. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 8617, BOR/MOL 8618, BOR/MOL 8640, BOR/MOL 8652, BOR/MOL 8657, BOR/MOL 12100, BOR/MOL 12115, BOR/MOL 12129, BOR/MOL 12143. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 8668, BOR/MOL 12455. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 8913, BOR/MOL 10991. Pulau Sulug: BOR/MOL 10329, BOR/MOL 10335. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 11999, BOR/MOL 11994. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 12298, BOR/MOL 12306, BOR/MOL 12318. Pulau Pandan Pandan: BOR/MOL 12468.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga, Pulau Papan, Pulau Rusukan Besar, Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Labuan, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Sulug, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Pandan Pandan; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Tetagan, Pulau Mantabuan, Pulau Sibuan, Pulau Maiga. Mainland: Interior Division and Sandakan Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraEuconulidae\u201cAustralia: New South Wales\u2013Port Macquarie\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3710, BOR/MOL 7160, BOR/MOL 7190. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3737, BOR/MOL 7198. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 6171, BOR/MOL 12309. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 6621, BOR/MOL 6686, BOR/MOL 8465, BOR/MOL 8472, BOR/MOL 8448, BOR/MOL 8504, BOR/MOL 8509, BOR/MOL 8486, BOR/MOL 8497, BOR/MOL 9724. Pulau Sapi: BOR/MOL 6688, BOR/MOL 10290. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 6778, BOR/MOL 11980, BOR/MOL 12517. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 7915, BOR/MOL 7921, BOR/MOL 7925, BOR/MOL 12198, BOR/MOL 12203, BOR/MOL 12351, BOR/MOL 12352. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 7686, BOR/MOL 7689, BOR/MOL 7690, BOR/MOL 9718. Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 8421. Pulau Rusukan Kecil: BOR/MOL 8553, BOR/MOL 8608, BOR/MOL 8547, BOR/MOL 8548, BOR/MOL 12152. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 8563, BOR/MOL 8569, BOR/MOL 8570, BOR/MOL 8581, BOR/MOL 12232, BOR/MOL 12250. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 10004, BOR/MOL 10016, BOR/MOL 10020. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 10313. Pulau Sulug: BOR/MOL 10337. Pulau Peduk: BOR/MOL 10349, BOR/MOL 10355. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/MOL 10372, BOR/MOL 10377. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/MOL 11068, BOR/MOL 11073. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/MOL 10993, BOR/MOL 10997. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 12034, BOR/MOL 12038, BOR/MOL 12046, BOR/MOL 12050, BOR/MOL 12476. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 12059.Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Besar, Pulau Mantanani Kecil, Tunku Abdul Rahman Park, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Labuan, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Rusukan Kecil, Pulau Rusukan Besar, Pulau Peduk, Pulau Udar Kecil, Pulau Udar Besar, Pulau Mantukod, Pulau Usukan, Pulau Papan; [North] Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Selakan. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Sandakan Division, Tawau Division and Interior Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraEuconulidae\u201cIndonesia: Java\u201d Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 6789, BOR/MOL 11971, BOR/MOL 11981, BOR/MOL 11990. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/MOL 7859, BOR/MOL 11070, BOR/MOL 12464. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 8462, BOR/MOL 8476. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 9717, BOR/MOL 8904. Pulau Sapi: BOR/MOL 10296. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 10321. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 12291.Island: [West] Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Mantukod, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Mengalum. Mainland: Interior Division and Sandakan Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraEuconulidae\u201cFrance Polynesia: Society Islands\u2013Tahiti\u201d Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 6674, BOR/MOL 6675, BOR/MOL 10989. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 7911, BOR/MOL 7902, BOR/MOL 7908, BOR/MOL 7909. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 8666.Island: [West] Pulau Gaya, Pulau Labuan, Pulau Kuraman. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraEuconulidae\u201cFiji\u201d Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 9725, BOR/MOL 10361. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12202, BOR/MOL 12223.Island: [West] Pulau Gaya, Pulau Labuan; [North] Pulau Balambangan. Mainland: West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraEuconulidae\u201cIndia: West Bengal: Kolkata\u2013Barrakpore\u201d Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12199, BOR/MOL 12461.Island: [West] Pulau Labuan. Mainland: West Coast Division, Interior Division Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraStreptaxidae\u201cIndia: Uttar Pradesh: Mirzapur\u201d Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12174, BOR/MOL 12213, BOR/MOL 12458. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 10007, BOR/MOL 10022. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/MOL 10374. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 12030, BOR/MOL 12473. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12233.Island: [West] Pulau Labuan, Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Udar Kecil, Pulau Usukan, Pulau Rusukan Besar. Mainland: Sandakan Division.Introduced to Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraSubulinidae\u201cIndonesia: Java\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 11081, BOR/MOL 11099, BOR/MOL 11083. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/MOL 12463. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 11978. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12178, BOR/MOL 12187, BOR/MOL 12205, BOR/MOL 12208, BOR/MOL 12218, BOR/MOL 12222, BOR/MOL 8811. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12229, BOR/MOL 12238, BOR/MOL 12240, BOR/MOL 12244, BOR/MOL 12262. Pulau Burong: BOR/MOL 12337. Pulau Rusukan Kecil: BOR/MOL 12355. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 12518. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 8908, BORMOL, 8916, BOR/MOL 8921. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 12540. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 12101, BOR/MOL 12118, BOR/MOL 12123, BOR/MOL 12140, BOR/MOL 12150. Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 7166. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 12292, BOR/MOL 12299, BOR/MOL 12308, BOR/MOL 12317, BOR/MOL 12319, BOR/MOL 12323. Pulau Pandan Pandan: BOR/MOL 10382, BOR/MOL 10383, BOR/MOL 12467, BOR/MOL 12469. Pulau Peduk: BOR/MOL 10354. Pulau Sulug: BOR/MOL 10334. Pulau Udar kecil: BOR/MOL 10371. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 12035, BOR/MOL 12049, BOR/MOL 12474.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga, Pulau Mantukod, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Labuan, Pulau Rusukan Besar, Pulau Burong, Pulau Rusukan Kecil, Pulau Papan, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Mantanani Besar, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Pandan Pandan, Pulau Peduk, Pulau Sulug, Pulau Udar Kecil and Pulau Usukan. Mainland: West Coast Division, Interior Division and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraSubulinidae\u201cIndia: Uttar Pradesh: Mirzapur\u201d Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 10362, BOR/MOL 8454, BOR/MOL 8458, BOR/MOL 8467, BOR/MOL 8496, BOR/MOL 8503. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 12117, BOR/MOL 12130. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12188, BOR/MOL 12195, BOR/MOL 7914. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 10013, BOR/MOL 10021, BOR/MOL 9999. Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3671, BOR/MOL 3709, BOR/MOL 7178, BOR/MOL 7189. Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3738, BOR/MOL 3758, BOR/MOL 7195. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/MOL 10995, BOR/MOL 10996. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 10304, BOR/MOL 10312BOR/MOL 10314, BOR/MOL 10317, BOR/MOL 10319, BOR/MOL 10322. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 12294, BOR/MOL 6160, BOR/MOL 6174. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 12058, BOR/MOL 12072, BOR/MOL 12073, BOR/MOL 12075, BOR/MOL 7822, BOR/MOL 7830, BOR/MOL 7831. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12231, BOR/MOL 12245, BOR/MOL 12258. Pulau Rusukan Kecil: BOR/MOL 12357. Pulau Sapi: BOR/MOL 10291, BOR/MOL 10297. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 11984, BOR/MOL 12002. Pulau Sulug: BOR/MOL 10328, BOR/MOL 10341. Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 6604, BOR/MOL 8415, BOR/MOL 8422, BOR/MOL 8437, BOR/MOL 8440, BOR/MOL 8598. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 12042, BOR/MOL 12045, BOR/MOL 12479.Island: [West] Pulau Gaya, Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Labuan, Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Mantanani Besar, Pulau Mantanani Kecil, Pulau Mantukod, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Papan, Pulau Rusukan Besar, Pulau Rusukan Kecil, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Sulug, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Usukan; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Sebangkat, Pulau Tetagan, Pulau Mantabuan, Pulau Sibuan, Pulau Maiga. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraSubulinidae\u201cFrance: Reunion\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 2292. Pulau Burong: BOR/MOL 12539. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12541.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga, Pulau Burong, Pulau Labuan. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraSubulinidae\u201cFrance: Antilles, Guadelupe, Dominican Republic\u201d Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/MOL 7157, BOR/MOL 7158, BOR/MOL 10378, BOR/MOL 10384. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 6748, BOR/MOL 6757, BOR/MOL 6758, BOR/MOL 10300, BOR/MOL 10305, BOR/MOL 10308, BOR/MOL 10320, BOR/MOL 6759, BOR/MOL 10325. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 7682, BOR/MOL 8918, BOR/MOL 8900, BOR/MOL 8910. Pulau Rusukan Kecil: BOR/MOL 8606, BOR/MOL 12153, BOR/MOL 12156, BOR/MOL 12160, BOR/MOL 12151. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 8616, BOR/MOL 8624, BOR/MOL 8625, BOR/MOL 8629, BOR/MOL 8634, BOR/MOL 8643, BOR/MOL 12112, BOR/MOL 12116, BOR/MOL 12124, BOR/MOL 12128, BOR/MOL 12131, BOR/MOL 12138, BOR/MOL 12148, BOR/MOL 12149. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 8667, BOR/MOL 12204, BOR/MOL 12215. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 10001, BOR/MOL 10012, BOR/MOL 10017, BOR/MOL 10019, BOR/MOL 10024, BOR/MOL 10326. Pulau Sapi: BOR/MOL 10289, BOR/MOL 10292, BOR/MOL 10294. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/MOL 10998, BOR/MOL 10999. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 12064.Island: [West] Pulau Udar Kecil, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Rusukan Kecil, Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Labuan, Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Mantukod, Pulau Papan; [North] Pulau Banggi; [East] Pulau Sebangkat, Pulau Selakan, Pulau Mantabuan. Mainland: West Coast Division, Sandakan Division, Tawau Division.Introduced and widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraTrochomorphidae\u201cBorneo\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 899. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 11119.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga, Pulau Gaya. Mainland: No record.The sample from Pulau Tiga was collected in 2000 and not found in the current survey.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraTrochomorphidae\u201cPhilippine: Cebu\u201d (Pfeiffer 1845)Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 6161, BOR/MOL 6169, BOR/MOL 9992, BOR/MOL 9998, BOR/MOL 12283, BOR/MOL 12332, BOR/MOL 12350, BOR/MOL 12278, BOR/MOL 12293, BOR/MOL 12303, BOR/MOL 12311.Island: [West] Pulau Mengalum; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Sebangkat, Pulau Selakan, Pulau Mantabuan, Pulau Selingaan. Mainland: Kudat Division, West Coast Division, Interior Division, Sandakan Division, and Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraVertiginidae\u201cMyanmar: Mandalay region: Kyaukse: Ava\u201d Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 565. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 6164, BOR/MOL 6173, BOR/MOL 8729, BOR/MOL 8861, BOR/MOL 8864, BOR/MOL 12321, BOR/MOL 12328, BOR/MOL 12349, BOR/MOL 12289, BOR/MOL 12310. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/MOL 10373, BOR/MOL 10376. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12257, BOR/MOL 12263. Pulau Burong: BOR/MOL 12335. Pulau Pandan Pandan: BOR/MOL 12466. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12217.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Udar Kecil, Pulau Rusukan Besar, Pulau Burong, Pulau Pandan Pandan, Pulau Labuan; [East] Pulau Selingaan. Mainland: Tawau Division.Widespread in Sabah on islands.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraVertiginidae\u201cIndonesia: Maluku\u2013Aru Islands, Wokam\u201d Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3739, BOR/MOL 7193, BOR/MOL 7194. Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3708. Pulau Lungisan: BOR/MOL 3749. Pulau Pandan Pandan: BOR/MOL 7899. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 8914.Island: [West] Mantanani group, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Pandan Pandan; [East] Pulau Mantabuan, Pulau Sibuan, Pulau Maiga. Mainland: No record.Widespread in Sabah on islands.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraVertiginidae\u201cIndonesia: Riau Islands\u2013Natuna Island\u201dPulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 588, BOR/MOL 6603, BOR/MOL 11101. Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 7170, BOR/MOL 7182. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 7684, BOR/MOL 7691, BOR/MOL 12507. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 8571, BOR/MOL 8580, BOR/MOL 12235, BOR/MOL 12251. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 8650, BOR/MOL 12110. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 10006, BOR/MOL 10015. Pulau Sapi: BOR/MOL 10295. Pulau Sulug: BOR/MOL 10340. Pulau Peduk: BOR/MOL 10351, BOR/MOL 10356. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/MOL 10381. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/MOL 11072. Pulau Usukan: BOR/MOL 12036, BOR/MOL 12052, BOR/MOL 12472. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 11977.Island: [West] Pulau Tiga, Pulau Mantanani Besar, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Rusukan Besar, Pulau Kuraman, Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Sulug, Pulau Peduk, Pulau Udar Kecil, Pulau Udar Besar, Pulau Usukan, Pulau Sapangar; [North] Pulau Banggi; [East] Pulau Bohey Dulang. Mainland: No record.Widespread in Sabah on islands.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraVertiginidae\u201cBorneo\u201d Pulau Mantanani Kecil: BOR/MOL 3740. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 12324. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 12256. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12459.Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Kecil, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Rusukan Besar, Pulau Labuan; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bod Gaya, Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Sebangkat. Mainland: No record.Widespread in Sabah on islands.Taxon classificationAnimaliaStylommatophoraVertiginidae\u201cIndia: Uttar Pradesh\u2013between Jounpur and Benares\u201d Pulau Mantanani Besar: BOR/MOL 3707, BOR/MOL 7162, BOR/MOL 7181. Pulau Lungisan: BOR/MOL 3750. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/MOL 6165, BOR/MOL 6172, BOR/MOL 8862, BOR/MOL 9994, BOR/MOL 12322, BOR/MOL 12290, BOR/MOL 12301, BOR/MOL 12307, BOR/MOL 12314. Pulau Tiga: BOR/MOL 6607, BOR/MOL 6613, BOR/MOL 8432, BOR/MOL 8426, BOR/MOL 8428, BOR/MOL 11098, BOR/MOL 10992. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/MOL 6800, BOR/MOL 6805, BOR/MOL 6806, BOR/MOL 6807, BOR/MOL 11069, BOR/MOL 11071, BOR/MOL 11074. Pulau Sulug: BOR/MOL 6774, BOR/MOL 6775, BOR/MOL 6776, BOR/MOL 10331, BOR/MOL 10336. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/MOL 7687, BOR/MOL 7688, BOR/MOL 9716. Pulau Papan: BOR/MOL 7827, BOR/MOL 7828, BOR/MOL 7834, BOR/MOL 7836. Pulau Gaya: BOR/MOL 8469, BOR/MOL 8488. Pulau Rusukan Besar: BOR/MOL 8564, BOR/MOL 8572, BOR/MOL 8573, BOR/MOL 8587, BOR/MOL 12236, BOR/MOL 12239, BOR/MOL 12253. Pulau Kuraman: BOR/MOL 8619, BOR/MOL 8620, BOR/MOL 8641, BOR/MOL 8653, BOR/MOL 8665, BOR/MOL 12111, BOR/MOL 12147. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/MOL 10003, BOR/MOL 10011, BOR/MOL 10018. Pulau Manukan: BOR/MOL 10311, BOR/MOL 10990. Pulau Peduk: BOR/MOL 10350, BOR/MOL 10353. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/MOL 10380. Pulau Rusukan Kecil: BOR/MOL 12154, BOR/MOL 12353, BOR/MOL 12354. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/MOL 11979. Pulau Labuan: BOR/MOL 12196, BOR/MOL 12201.Island: [West] Pulau Mantanani Besar, Pulau Lungisan, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Udar Besar, Pulau Sulug, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Papan, Labuan Marine Park, Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Peduk, Pulau Udar Kecil, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Labuan; [North] Pulau Banggi, Pulau Balambangan; [East] Pulau Bohey Dulang, Pulau Mantabuan, Pulau Maiga, Pulau Bod Gaya. Mainland: Interior Division and Sandakan Division.Widespread in Sabah.Conceived and designed the sampling method: TSL, CCP. Conducted the field samplings: CCP. Materials and logistics: LTS, PCC, FTYY. Compiled and analysed data: CCP, LTS. Wrote the paper: CCP, TSL."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Elmar Saathoff. The correct citation is Kroidl I, Saathoff E, Maganga L, Clowes P, Maboko L, et al. (2016) Prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis and Treatment Effectiveness of Albendazole/ Ivermectin in Individuals with HIV Co-infection in Southwest-Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(4): e0004618. doi:"}
{"text": "AbstractCalliscelio Ashmead is presumed to be a diverse group of parasitoids of the eggs of crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). A least one species has been found to be an important factor in depressing cricket pest populations. The New World species of Calliscelio are revised. Forty-two species are recognized, 3 are redescribed: Callisceliobisulcatus (Kieffer), Callisceliolaticinctus Ashmead, Callisceliorubriclavus (Ashmead), comb. n.; and 38 are described as new: Calliscelioabsconditum Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Calliscelioabsum Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Calliscelioalcoa Chen & Masner, sp. n., Calliscelioamadoi Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Calliscelioarmila Chen & Masner, sp. n., Callisceliobidens Chen & Masner, sp. n., Callisceliobrachys Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliobrevinotaulus Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliobrevitas Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliocarinigena Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliocrater Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliocrena Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Calliscelioeboris Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Calliscelioextenuatus Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Calliscelioflavicauda Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliofoveolatus Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliogatineau Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Calliscelioglaber Chen & Masner, sp. n., Callisceliogranulatus Chen & Masner, sp. n., Callisceliolatifrons Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliolevis Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliolongius Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliomagnificus Chen & Masner, sp. n., Callisceliomigma Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliominutia Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Calliscelioparaglaber Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliopararemigio Chen & Masner, sp. n., Calliscelioprolixus Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliopunctatifrons Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Calliscelioremigio Chen & Masner, sp. n., Calliscelioruga Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliorugicoxa Chen & Masner, sp. n., Callisceliosfina Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliostorea Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliosuni Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliotelum Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliotorqueo Chen & Johnson, sp. n., Callisceliovirga Chen & Johnson, sp. n. Four species are treated as junior synonyms of Callisceliorubriclavus (Ashmead): Anterisnigriceps Ashmead, syn. n., Caloteleiamarlattii Ashmead, syn. n., Caloteleiagrenadensis Ashmead, syn. n., and Macroteleiaruskini Girault, syn. n.The genus PageBreak Calliscelio Ashmead was first erected for a single species, Callisceliolaticinctus Ashmead, from the Lesser Antilles . Recently, in a survey of external morphology across the superfamily Platygastroidea, Calliscelio and treated Crama Galloway, Lispoteleia Galloway, Xentor Masner and Johnson, and Yunkara Galloway as junior synonyms of Calliscelio.The genus Antilles . For neaCalliscelio is a relatively large genus in the subfamily Scelioninae, comprising 77 known species  and Calliscelioelegans (Perkins), have extraordinarily broad geographic distributions possibly due to increased globalization of human commerce  (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), a widespread pest in pastures in the Pacific region  for the individual specimens. The label data for all specimens have been georeferenced and recorded in the Hymenoptera On-Line database, and details on the data associated with these specimens can be accessed at the following link, hol.osu.edu, and entering the identifier in the form (note the space between the acronym and the number). The electronic version of the paper contains hyperlinks to external resources. Insofar as possible, the external information conforms to standards developed and maintained through the organization Biodiversity Information Standards (Taxonomic Database Working Group). All new species have been prospectively registered with ZooBank (http://www.zoobank.org), and other taxonomic names, where appropriate, have been retrospectively registered.In the Material Examined section, the specimens studied are recorded in an abbreviated format, using unique identifiers , designed to facilitate the production of a taxon by character data matrices, and to integrate those data with the existing taxonomic, bibliographic and specimen-level database. Data may be exported in both text format and as input files for other applications. The text output for descriptions is in the format of \u201cCharacter: Character state (s)\u201d. Polymorphic characters are indicated by semicolon-separated character states.Data associated with the genus specimage.osu.edu), the image database at The Ohio State University.Images and measurements were made using Combine ZP and AutoMontage extended-focus software, using JVC KY-F75U digital camera, Leica Z16 APOA microscope, and 1X objective lens. Images were post-processed with Abobe Photoshop CS3 Extended. A standard set of images is provided for each species: dorsal habitus, lateral habitus, dorsal and lateral views of the head and mesosoma, and anterior view of head. The individual images are archived in Specimage ; PageBreaklist of species, keyed); Calotelea Westwood); Calliscelio Ashmead, Paridris Kieffer, Oethecoctonus Ashmead, and Probaryconus Kieffer; key to Calotelea Westwood and Calliscelio Ashmead); Callisceliorugosus Rajmohana & Peter and Calliscelioagaliensis Narendran & Ramesh Babu); http://zoobank.org/29B1D7E4-1173-4D61-B695-CA755632F5EAhttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/461 Ashmead, 1893: 209, 218 ; Calliscelio Ashmead). http://zoobank.org/AB0DBC82-18D8-431F-9069-783F4874CEC1http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8406 Kiefffer, 1926: 273, 544 ; Calliscelio Ashmead, discussion of status). http://zoobank.org/5FEFDDD1-26AD-40D7-A498-BB4B5DF03630http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/460 Kieffer, 1926: 266, 550 ; PageBreakcies of Africa); Calliscelio Ashmead). http://zoobank.org/70CBF446-7CD7-4211-BF0C-F401DAE92DDAhttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8400 Kieffer, 1908: 121 ; Calliscelio Ashmead). http://zoobank.org/10BDF90E-0D3E-491E-98B2-8B39BB9D5871http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/466 Galloway, 1984: 7, 8, 28 ; Calliscelio Ashmead); http://zoobank.org/FFA0AF0B-A126-4A36-8DB4-E25910A88C3Dhttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8405 Kieffer, 1926: 272, 487 ; Calliscelio Ashmead). http://zoobank.org/A458DE09-DAFA-424E-B60E-1A831B19D01Ehttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/503 Galloway, 1984: 7, 9, 35 ; Calliscelio Ashmead). http://zoobank.org/B6CD6365-672B-4E49-B3AE-6AAFA9C42DA6http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8404 Kieffer, 1917: 51 . http://zoobank.org/31DB13FB-2699-4E1D-A023-1BA21C1B9503http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8401 Kieffer, 1908: 121, 136 ; PageBreak; Calliscelio Ashmead). http://zoobank.org/91A2A4C7-7D11-4723-8C53-02DEA8A0213Bhttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8403 Kieffer, 1914: 291 ; Calliscelio Ashmead). http://zoobank.org/1578C9FB-4A24-42D6-922D-05CDA2626906http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/211604 Masner & Johnson, 2007: 12, 14 ; Calliscelio Ashmead). http://zoobank.org/4FBE9CB9-3B71-4DFB-BCE0-781664A31929http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/578 Galloway, 1984: 9, 33 . Length: 1.27\u20133.88 mm; body moderately to markedly elongate, robust.Head. Head shape in dorsal view: transverse. Hyperoccipital carina: absent; present. Occipital carina: present, complete medially; present laterally, broadly interrupted medially; completely absent. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate; unsculptured. OOL: lateral ocellus nearly contiguous with inner orbits, OOL < 0.5 OD; lateral ocellus contiguous with inner orbit. Upper frons: convex, without frontal shelf. Scrobe shape: frons broadly convex, without distinct scrobe. Frons sculpture: scrobe largely smooth, otherwise granulate or variably punctate. Submedian carina: absent. Orbital carina: absent. Inner orbits: diverging ventrally. IOS/EH: IOS distinctly less than EH; IOS slightly greater than EH. Interantennal process: short, often excavate medially. Central keel: present; absent. Torulus opening: laterally on interantennal process. Lower frons striae: absent. Malar sulcus: present. Compound eye size: of normal proportions, not significantly reduced. Compound eye setation: glabrous; sparsely setose; densely setose. Gena: broad, convex, distinctly produced behind eye. Clypeus shape: narrow, slightly convex medially, lateral corner not produced. Apical margin of clypeus: straight. Anteclypeus: absent. Postclypeus: absent. Labrum: not visible. Mandible shape: moderate. Mandibular teeth: apex with 3, acute, subequal teeth. Arrangement of mandibular teeth: transverse. Number of maxillary palpomeres: 4. Shape of maxillary palpomeres: cylindrical. Number of labial palpomeres: 2.Antenna. Number of antennomeres in female: 12. Number of antennomeres in male: 12. Insertion of radicle into A1: parallel to longitudinal axis of A1. Shape of A1: more or less cylindrical, not flattened. Length of A3 of female: distinctly longer than A2. Number of clavomeres in female antenna: 6. Claval formula of female antenna: A12\u2013A7/1-2-2-2-2-1. Arrangement of doubled multiporous plate sensilla on female clava: in longitudinal pairs. Tyloid distribution on male antenna: A5 only. Shape of male flagellum: filiform.PageBreakMesosoma. Mesosoma shape in dorsal view: longer than wide. Mesosoma shape in lateral view: longer than high. Medial portion of transverse pronotal carina: weakly indicated laterally; absent. Posterior apex of pronotum in dorsal view: straight, bifid apically to articulate with tegula. Vertical epomial carina: absent. Dorsal epomial carina  in fore wing: spectral; nebulous, strongly pigmented; absent. Development of R in hind wing: elongate, extending to costal margin.Metasoma. Number of external terga in female: 6. Number of external sterna in female: 6. Number of external terga in male: 7. Number of external sterna in male: 7. Shape of metasoma: lanceolate. Laterotergites: present, narrow. Laterosternites: present. T1 of female: more or less evenly convex; produced medially into cylindrical or elliptical horn housing ovipositor. Relative size of metasomal segments: T2\u2013T4 largest, subequal in size. Terga with basal crenulae: T2. Sublateral carinae on tergites: absent. Median longitudinal carina on metasomal terga: absent. Shape of female T6: flattened. Shape of posterior margin of male T7: rounded. Anterior margin of S1: not produced anteriorly, concave. Distribution of felt fields: absent. Ovipositor type: Scelio-type Callisceliobrachys Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliobrevinotaulus Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliobrevitas Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliocarinigena Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliocrater Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliocrena Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Calliscelioeboris Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Calliscelioelegans (Perkins)Caloteleatanugatra NarendranCalliscelioextenuatus Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Calliscelioflavicauda Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliofoveolatus Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliogatineau Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Calliscelioglaber Chen & Masner, sp. n.Callisceliogranulatus Chen & Masner, sp. n.PageBreakCallisceliolaticinctus Ashmead, 1893Callisceliolatifrons Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliolevis Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliolongius Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliomagnificus Chen & Masner, sp. n.Callisceliomigma Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliominutia Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Calliscelioparaglaber Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliopararemigio Chen & Masner, sp. n.Calliscelioprolixus Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliopunctatifrons Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Calliscelioremigio Chen & Masner, sp. n.Callisceliorubriclavus , comb. n.Anterisnigriceps Ashmead, 1893, syn. n.CaloteleiaMarlattii Ashmead, 1893, syn. n.Caloteleiagrenadensis Ashmead, 1896, syn. n.Macroteleiaruskini Girault, 1920, syn. n.Calliscelioruga Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliorugicoxa Chen & Masner, sp. n.Callisceliosfina Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliostorea Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliosuni Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliotelum Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliotorqueo Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Callisceliovirga Chen & Johnson, sp. n.Calliscelioamadoi, Callisceliobidens, Callisceliobrevitas, Callisceliofoveolatus, Callisceliogatineau, Callisceliolevis, Calliscelioprolixus, Callisceliorugicoxa, Calliscelioruga and Callisceliostorea). Body length of male: 1.70\u20132.36 mm (n=20). Color of head: variably brown to black. Color of antennal clava (A7\u2013A12): dark brown to black. Shape of head: subglobose. Central keel of frons: absent. Setation of upper frons: with sparse, long setae. Color of mesosoma in female: orange throughout; variably orange to pale brown. Color of mesosoma in male: variably orange to pale brown; dark brown throughout. Sculpture of dorsal pronotal area: rugose. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: smooth throughout. Sculpture of netrion: smooth. Notaulus: percurrent. Sculpture of mesoscutum: granulate. Shape of mesoscutellum: semiellipsoidal. Foveolae of scutoscutellar sulcus between notauli: as large as those along margin of axilla. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth with sparse fine punctures. Shape of metascutellum: posterior margin straight, approximately 3.0\u00d7 wider than long. Sculpture of metascutellum in female: rugose. Sculpture of metascutellum in male: rugose. Dorsal propodeum in female: shallowly excavate medially, with lateral propodeal carinae widely separated. Sculpture of dorsal propodeum in female: rugose. Sculpture of dorsal propodeum in male: rugose. Median keels on propodeum in female: absent. Mesopleural carina: absent. Sculpture of mesepisternum below mesopleural depression: smooth. Sculpture of ventral metapleural area: largely smooth with an oblique carina. Color of legs: pale yellow throughout. Sculpture of hind coxa: smooth.Color of fore wing: hyaline. Rs+M: spectral. Setae on R: long, erect, surpassing the margin of the wing. Length of R: distinctly shorter than r-rs. Length of R1: approximately as long as 2.0\u00d7 length of r-rs.Color of metasoma in female: orange throughout; variably orange to pale brown. Color of metasoma in male: brown throughout. Horn on T1 in female: large and distinct. Sculpture of T1 horn dorsally: smooth to rugulose medially, with V-shaped keels laterally; with V-shaped striae. Sculpture of posterior margin of T1 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Sculpture of T1 in male: longitudinally striate. Development of longitudinal striae on T2 in female: reaching posterior margin of T2. Sculpture of T3: smooth; smooth medially, coriaceous laterally. Shape of T6 in female: short, wider than long. Sculpture of S3: smooth to coriaceous.Callisceliobrevinotaulus, Callisceliocarinigena, Callisceliocrater and Callisceliosfina in color pattern, size, and habitus. It may be distinguished by the complete occipital carina and granulate to rugulose posterior vertex . Paratypes:  BOLIVIA: 7 females, OSUC534032, 534038, 534040, 534054\u2013534055, 534058, 534186 (CNCI). BRAZIL: 11 females, 28 males, OSUC534520 (CNCI); OSUC10439, 10444, 10601, 10610, 10653, 110189, 131761, 131787, 131827, 134436, 134786, 134875, 510887, 826 PageBreak(MZSP); OSUC10040, 10502, 10557, 10633, 10718, 10949, 110085, 110139, 110159, 110215, 11065, 112, 12321, 130, 131695, 131754, 131816, 131840, 131892, 133022, 133090, 134370, 134681, 134791 (OSUC). PARAGUAY: 41 females, 76 males, OSUC534107\u2013534115, 534559 (CNCI); OSUC534683, 534695\u2013534697, 534699\u2013534700, 534702, 534704, 534706\u2013534707, 534713\u2013534714, 534726\u2013534728, 534731\u2013534749, 570521\u2013570525, 570527\u2013570534 (MNHNPY); OSUC150602\u2013150603, 150606, 150610\u2013150611, 165099, 176064, 276773\u2013276777, 276796, 278657\u2013278658, 278661\u2013278662, 278664\u2013278665, 278668\u2013278670, 278673, 278676, 278679, 322990, 323001\u2013323003, 323027\u2013323029, 323032, 323035, 323920\u2013323923, 323925\u2013323927, 412079\u2013412082, 412085, 534725, 570526, 577174, 577176, 577178\u2013577180, 577188\u2013577189, 577340, 577343, 577346, 577349\u2013577350 (OSUC).Holotype, female: Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraPlatygastridaeChen & Johnsonsp. n.http://zoobank.org/2877EC6A-9602-499F-9075-0CCC91166CD9http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/384780IOS/EH: IOS distinctly less than EH. Sculpture of ventrolateral frons: smooth to granulate. Sculpture of frons below median ocellus: smooth; coriaceous. Sculpture of posterior vertex: smooth; coriaceous. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina medially: interrupted. Length of OOL: less than 0.5\u00d7 ocellar diameter. Sculpture of postgena behind outer orbit: coriaceous. Ocular setae: absent. A4 in female: distinctly shorter than A3. A5 in female: shorter than A3, as long as wide. Shape of female A6: distinctly wider than long. Form of male antennal flagellomeres: filiform, A11 approximately 2.5\u00d7 longer than wide. Length of A5 tyloid in male: greater than 0.5\u00d7 length of A5.Body length of female: 1.49\u20132.58 mm (n=20). Body length of male: 1.49\u20131.60 mm (n=20). Color of head: black throughout; dark brown; orange throughout. Color of antennal clava (A7\u2013A12): dark brown to black. Shape of head: subglobose. Central keel of frons: absent. Setation of upper frons: with sparse, short setae. PageBreaklateral propodeal carinae meeting anteromedially. Sculpture of dorsal propodeum in female: rugose. Sculpture of dorsal propodeum in male: rugose. Median keels on propodeum in female: absent. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of mesepisternum below mesopleural depression: smooth. Sculpture of ventral metapleural area: largely smooth with an oblique carina. Color of legs: pale yellow throughout; white throughout. Sculpture of hind coxa: smooth.Color of mesosoma in female: orange throughout; black throughout; orange to pale brown. Color of mesosoma in male: orange throughout; dark brown throughout; black throughout. Sculpture of dorsal pronotal area: smooth. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: smooth throughout; smooth anteriorly, granulate posteriorly. Sculpture of netrion: smooth. Notaulus: abbreviated, at most reaching middle of mesoscutum. Sculpture of mesoscutum: coriaceous. Shape of mesoscutellum: semiellipsoidal. Foveolae of scutoscutellar sulcus between notauli: smaller than those along margin of axilla. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: coriaceous; anterior half granulate, posterior half smooth. Shape of metascutellum: posterior margin rounded, approximately 3.0\u00d7 wider than long. Sculpture of metascutellum in female: with short longitudinal carinae. Sculpture of metascutellum in male: rugose. Dorsal propodeum in female: not excavate medially, Color of fore wing: hyaline. Rs+M: spectral. Setae on R: long, erect, surpassing the margin of the wing. Length of R: distinctly shorter than r-rs. Length of R1: greater than 3.0\u00d7 length of r-rs.Color of metasoma in female: dark brown; orange throughout; yellow throughout. Color of metasoma in male: orange throughout; brown throughout. Horn on T1 in female: absent; weakly developed. Sculpture of T1 horn dorsally: smooth. Sculpture of posterior margin of T1 in female: longitudinally striate throughout. Sculpture of T1 in male: longitudinally striate. Development of longitudinal striae on T2 in female: reaching the middle of T2 medially; reaching posterior margin of T2. Sculpture of T3: smooth; smooth medially, longitudinally striate laterally. Shape of T6 in female: short, wider than long. Sculpture of S3: smooth.Callisceliobrachys in size and abbreviated notaulus. It may be distinguished from Callisceliobrachys in having A4 distinctly shorter than A3, A6 distinctly transverse in the female.This species is most similar to The specific epithet is to be treated as a noun in apposition, derived from the Latin for \u201cbe away,\u201d and refers to the abbreviated notaulus.http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=384780], syn. n.http://zoobank.org/9C37051A-432A-4772-A8EC-C1345A2F32D4http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8446 Ashmead, 1893: 225, 226 ; CaloteleiaMarlattiisyn. n.http://zoobank.org/91C406E3-85AA-4C93-8CE5-D160876C5847http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8445 Ashmead, 1893: 212, 214 ; Caloteleiarubriclava (Ashmead): Caloteleiagrenadensissyn. n.http://zoobank.org/E41DB9D7-F6E1-49BA-BB67-4C8A37430374http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8437 Ashmead, 1896: 798 ; CeratoteleiaMarlatti (Ashmead): Ceratoteleiagrenadensis (Ashmead): Ceratoteleiarubriclava (Ashmead): Prosanterisnigriceps (Ashmead): Caloteleiarubriclavus (Ashmead): Prosanteris (Prosanteris) nigriceps (Ashmead): Caloteleiamarlattii (Ashmead): MacroteleiaruskiniCeratoteleiamarlatti (Ashmead)], syn. n.http://zoobank.org/94B4FD7F-E840-437B-8E2B-46F87BE377DFhttp://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8447 Girault, 1920: 179 ; Muesebeck 1958: 93 [BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz Dept., Andr\u00e9s Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez Prov., B-21, pools, 375m, 17\u00b040'S, 63\u00b027'W, El Hondo, 14.V\u201317.V.1997, yellow pan trap, L. Masner, OSUC534034 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes:  BRAZIL: 15 females, OSUC534523, 557298 (CNCI); OSUC48514, 48520, 55945, 55947, 55952, 583247, 583250, 583252\u2013583255, 583257\u2013583258 (OSUC). CANADA: 8 males, OSUC531726\u2013531727, 531734\u2013531737, 532035, 532077 (CNCI). COLOMBIA: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC557585, 557623 (CNCI). COSTA RICA: 1 female, OSUC532651 (CNCI). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 2 males, OSUC534361, 534375 (CNCI). ECUADOR: 3 females, OSUC458516, 458518, 553369 (CNCI). GUATEMALA: 1 male, OSUC534434 (CNCI). MEXICO: 5 males, OSUC534018\u2013534020, 534477\u2013534478 (CNCI). PARAGUAY: 3 females, 4 males, OSUC150470, 534684, 577155, 577191\u2013577192, 577195\u2013577196 (OSUC). SURINAME: 4 females, OSUC534568, 534572, 534587, 553621 (CNCI). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 2 females, OSUC546029, 546085 (CNCI). UNITED STATES: 138 females, 76 males, OSUC531682, 531686, 531750, 531776\u2013531780, 531786, 531792, 531918, 531940\u2013531947, 532061, 532064, 532100, 532119, 532121, 532131\u2013532177, 532180\u2013532246, 532340\u2013532390, 534347\u2013534360 (CNCI); OSUC142805, 142807, 142810, 207785, 236919, 272939\u2013272940, 576980, 62904, 62907, 62927 (OSUC). VENEZUELA: 2 females, 1 male, OSUC557676 (CNCI); OSUC55924\u201355925 (OSUC).Holotype, female:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Karen L. Troy. The correct citation is: Best A, Holt B, Troy KL, Hamill J (2017) Trabecular bone in the calcaneus of runners. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0188200."}
{"text": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2016;4(3):1-3. doi: 10.1177/2324709616660576Cherian J, Singh R, Varma M, Vidyasagar S, Mukhopadhyay C. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant pyogenic liver abscess: a case report.  The authors Joel Cherian and Rahul Singh are medical students and should not have the degree \u201cMD\u201d against their names in the author by-line.The correct author by-line is mentioned below.Joel Cherian, Rahul Singh, Muralidhar Varma, MD, Sudha Vidyasagar, MD, and Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, MDSAGE regrets the error."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Gerd Pluschke. The correct citation is: Tabah EN, Nsagha DS, Bissek ACZK, Bratschi MW, Njamnshi TN, Pluschke G, et al. (2016) The Burden of Leprosy in Cameroon: Fifteen Years into the Post-elimination Era. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(10): e0005012. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Crystal Quinn. The correct citation is: Mosconi L, Berti V, Quinn C, McHugh P, Petrongolo G, Osorio RS, et al. (2017) Perimenopause and emergence of an Alzheimer\u2019s bioenergetic phenotype in brain and periphery. PLoS ONE 12(10): e0185926."}
{"text": "Branco et al.  describeDepartment of UrologyRoyal Melbourne Hospital300 Grattan St, ParkvilleVIC 3050, AustraliaE-mail: Homi.zargar@gmail.comHomayoun Zargar, MD"}
{"text": "In 2012, there were 22,200 residential care communities serving 713,300 residents across the United States. Forty percent of residential care communities were smaller with 4\u201310 beds, but these communities housed only 7% of all residents. The largest residential care communities with more than 100 beds were only 9% of all communities but housed 33% of all residents.Source: Caffrey C, Harris-Kojetin L, Rome V, Sengupta M. Operating characteristics of residential care communities, by community bed size: United States, 2012. NCHS data brief, no 170. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2014. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db170.htm.Reported by: Vincent Rome, MPH, vrome@cdc.gov, 301-458-4466; Christine Caffrey, PhD; Lauren Harris-Kojetin, PhD."}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error.The second author's name is incorrect. The correct name is: Xun Liang. The correct citation is: Qi J, Liang X, Zhou X, Li Z, Liu Y, Cheng H (2018) Micro-blog user community discovery using generalized SimRank edge weighting method. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0196447."}
{"text": "Clostridium difficile Colonization In Vivo. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0160107. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160107The fourth author\u2019s last name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Jose Espinola-Lopez. The correct citation is: Girinathan BP, Braun S, Sirigireddy AR, Espinola-Lopez J, Govind R (2016) Importance of Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) in"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Nidaa A. Ababneh. The correct citation is: Alshaer W, Ababneh NA, Hatmal M, Izmirli H, Choukeife M, Shraim A, et al. (2017) Selection and targeting of EpCAM protein by ssDNA aptamer. PLoS ONE 12(12): e0189558."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Tim Spaanheden Dencker. The correct citation is: Frelat R, Lindegren M, Dencker TS, Floeter J, Fock HO, Sguotti C, et al. (2017) Community ecology in 3D: Tensor decomposition reveals spatio-temporal dynamics of large ecological communities. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0188205."}
{"text": "AbstractEpitoniidae is a group of small to medium-sized gastropods and occurs globally from the intertidal zone to abyssal seabeds. There are 101 epitoniid species currently recorded from Taiwan.The family Epitoniidae species are reported. Of the 12 new records, four are new to the East Asian region and two are new records to the Indo-Pacific region. Our results increase the number of Taiwanese Epitoniidae from 101 species to 114 species.Based on our investigations of seashores and fishing ports of Taiwan, a new species and 12 new records of  Epitoniidae is a group of medium to small size gastropods, usually associating with cnidarians  corniculum sp. n. are deposited in the National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan (NMNS-7035-001~003).The epitoniids in this study were collected directly from seashores and fishing ports in Taiwan. The specimens were taken back to the laboratory and cleaned for identification. The habitat depth of the epitoniids are based on the fishing grounds of some particular prawns  and lobsNakayama 2000Dull white, elongated, spiral elevated with 12 whorls White, thin, pyramidal, teloconch rounded, suture perforated, with 14 thin erected costae which hooked at the shoulder, interspaces sculptured with thin spiral striae Fig. 1. UmbilicThis species occurs off Ashizuri Cape, Tosa Bay, Japan. In Taiwan, it is dredged at 200 to 300m depth of Tong-kang waters, the Peng-hu Trench and the Gueishan Island. This species is a new record from the Taiwan waters.CycloscalaokezokoEpitonium (Epitonium) okezokoKilburn 1985White, small, with 7\u20139 costae that are thin, erect and continuous Fig. a. The suThis species occurs off Sri Lanka. In Taiwan, only some dead specimens were collected on the beach of Lu-tao Island. This species is a new record from the East Asian region.Epitonium (Epitonium) sororastra(Jousseaume 1911)White, tiny, axial costae strong and incurved, usually 11\u201312 in number, slightly elevated at the suture to form an angle, interval smooth  faurotiTiny, white, costae about 16\u201318 in number, that are continuous from whorl to whorl, with a peaked angle below the suture Fig. c. IntersThe species has been taken off South Australia. In Taiwan, one dead specimen was collected from the beach of Lu-tao Island. This species is a new record from the East Asian region.Scala  beachportensisEpitoniumbeachportensisEpitonium  beachportenseLee & Huangsp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9E588A81-347C-4A66-98FA-8EBA716F5BA4Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: NMNS-7035-001; recordedBy: Chih-Wei Huang, Yen-Chen Lee; individualID: holotype; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; disposition: dry; Taxon: scientificName: Epitonium  corniculum; acceptedNameUsage: Epitonium  corniculum Lee & Huang; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Caenogastropoda; family: Epitoniidae; genus: Epitonium; subgenus: Parviscala; specificEpithet: corniculum; scientificNameAuthorship: Lee & Huang; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; taxonRemarks: sp. nov.; Location: continent: Asia; waterBody: Peng-chia-yu water, Western Pacific; islandGroup: Taiwan; island: Peng-chia-yu Island; country: Taiwan; locality: Peng-chia-yu water; minimumDepthInMeters: 500m; maximumDepthInMeters: 600m; Identification: identifiedBy: Yen-Chen Lee; dateIdentified: 2014; identificationRemarks: sp. nov.; Event: samplingProtocol: Dredging; Record Level: language: en; institutionID: NMNS; collectionID: NMNS-7035-001; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: NMNS-7035-002; recordedBy: Chih-Wei Huang, Yen-Chen Lee; individualID: paratype 1; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; disposition: dry; Taxon: scientificName: Epitonium  corniculum; acceptedNameUsage: Epitonium  corniculum Lee & Huang; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Caenogastropoda; family: Epitoniidae; genus: Epitonium; subgenus: Parviscala; specificEpithet: corniculum; scientificNameAuthorship: Lee & Huang; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; taxonRemarks: sp. nov.; Location: continent: Asia; waterBody: Peng-chia-yu water, Western Pacific; islandGroup: Taiwan; island: Peng-chia-yu Island; country: Taiwan; locality: Peng-chia-yu water; minimumDepthInMeters: 500m; maximumDepthInMeters: 600m; Identification: identifiedBy: Yen-Chen Lee; dateIdentified: 2014; identificationRemarks: sp. nov.; Event: samplingProtocol: Dredging; Record Level: language: en; institutionID: NMNS; collectionID: NMNS-7035-002; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: NMNS-7035-003; recordedBy: Chih-Wei Huang, Yen-Chen Lee; individualID: paratype 2; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: adult; disposition: dry; Taxon: scientificName: Epitonium  corniculum; acceptedNameUsage: Epitonium  corniculum Lee & Huang; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Caenogastropoda; family: Epitoniidae; genus: Epitonium; subgenus: Parviscala; specificEpithet: corniculum; scientificNameAuthorship: Lee & Huang; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; taxonRemarks: sp. nov.; Location: continent: Asia; waterBody: Peng-chia-yu water, Western Pacific; islandGroup: Taiwan; island: Peng-chia-yu Island; country: Taiwan; locality: Peng-chia-yu water; minimumDepthInMeters: 500m; maximumDepthInMeters: 600m; Identification: identifiedBy: Yen-Chen Lee; dateIdentified: 2014; identificationRemarks: sp. nov.; Event: samplingProtocol: Dredging; Record Level: language: en; institutionID: NMNS; collectionID: NMNS-7035-003; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenShell acuminate. Fragilely thin, light weight, white color, shell width/height ratio approximate 0.38 Fig. a, b, c. Holotype: SL: 25.7mm, SW: 8.3mm; APL: 4.9mm, APW: 4.9mm; NMNS-7035-001, National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan. : SL: 15.6mm, SW: 5.9mm; APL: 2.8mm, APW: 3.3mm; NMNS-7035-003, National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan. Fig. cLatin means \u201chornlike\u201d.Type locality: Dredged from Peng-chia-yu water at the depth of 500\u2013600m.E.babylonium  duocamurum . The ratio of shell wide and shell height of E.sakuraii (NSMT-Mo 70316a possible paratype) is 0.3938, in holotype of Viciniscalaootanii Azuma, 1962 (synonym of E.sakuraii) it is 0.4060. The ratio of shell wide and shell height in the new species\u2019 holotype, paratype 1, paratype 2 are 0.3185, 0.3250, 0.3252, respectively. In other words, the new species is more slender than E.sakuraii.This species is similar to the North Atlantic Ocean abyssal species ium Fig. e, f in mrum Fig. d is anotEpitoniumabyssicola (non Schepman 1909) White, small, elongated, costae of approximately 23 in number at the last whorl, with sharply spine at the shoulder, clearly spiral cords between costae, without umbilicus Fig. c. Shell Occurs in the Pacific coast off Sagami Bay to Kii Peninsula at 100m deep. In Taiwan it was dredged at about 500m depth of NE Taiwan waters. This species is a new record from the Taiwan waters.Cinctiscalapallidizonatum Masahito, Kuroda & Habe in Epitonium  pallidizonatumNakayama 2000White, small, elongated, suture deep, costae of approximately 28\u201342 in number at the last whorl, thin, reflexed, with angulate at the suture, clearly spiral cords between costae, without umbilicus Fig. d. Shell It is found from Boso Peninsula to Kii Peninsula, Japan. It was dredged at about 100m depth of NE Taiwan waters. This species is a new record from the Taiwan waters.Epitonium  tenuipicturatum(Yokoyama 1922)Tiny, white, suture deep, surface with about 13\u201314 incurved costae that are slightly winged at the shoulder, space between costae with clearly spiral cords, umbilicus closed  yamakawaiCinctiscalayamakawaiEpitonium  yamakawaiSmall, white, glossy, with 15\u201320 thin erect costae that are not peaked Fig. a. With sRanging from Iran to Pakistan to the Maldives. In Taiwan, only one dead specimen was found on the beach of Lu-tao Island. This species is a new record from the Indo-Pacific region.Scalatryoni de Epitoniumtryoni(Kilburn 1985)Surrepifungiumpatamakanthini A. Gittenberger & E. Gittenberger, 2005. However, the present species has thicker shell, is smaller in size, and the costae do not form a coronation.Shell white, with 14\u201316 incurved low costae, which are blade-like under the suture Fig. b. Has fiThis species was original found in Transkei, South Africa. In Taiwan, it was collected on the beach of the Lu-tao Island. This species is a new record from the Indo-Pacific region.Epitonium  maraisi(Angas 1871)White, acuminate and elongated, with rough ribs on the first several whorls, surface sculptured with rough spiral cords which pass through the ribs, aperture subcircular, umbilicus closed Fig. f. Shell This species ranges from New South Wales, Australia to Amami O-shima, Ryukyu, Japan. In Taiwan, it is trawled at the depth of 100 to 200m of northeastern Taiwan waters. This species is a new record from the Taiwan waters.Scala (Cirsotrema) morchiCirsotremamorchibentha Iredale), 3130 .PlastiscalamorchiPlastiscalamorchibenthaPlastiscalamorchiprofundior(A. Gittenberger & Goud 2000)Shell white, thin and fragile, spire pyramidal elevated, surface sculptured with densely lamella, which are extended at the suture Fig. d. IntersThis species ranges from Australia, Queensland though Indonesia. It is new records for Taiwan and the East Asian region. In 1999, several specimens were trawled at Taiwan Strait at depths of 20\u201350m. This species is a new record from the East Asian region.Epitoniumingridae(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)(Kuroda & Ito 1961)Kilburn 1985(de Boury 1912)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)Masahito & Habe 1975Kuroda & Ito 1961(de Boury 1912)(Lee & Wu 1998)Lee 2001Lee 2001Kuroda & Habe in Habe 1961(Ozaki 1958)(de Boury 1913)(Azuma 1972)(Melvill 1906)Brown 2002Lamarck 1822)(de Boury 1912)Kuroda & Ito 1961Nakayama 2000(Kilburn 1975)(Pease 1867)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)(Kuroda & Ito 1961)(Nakayama 1995)Reeve 1849A. Adams & Reeve 1850Gittenberger, A. & Gittenberger, E., 2005(Masahito & Habe 1973)(Pease 1869)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)Kuroda in Nakayama 1995(A. Adams 1861)(Habe 1961)(Kiener 1838)(A. Adams & Reeve 1850)new record of TaiwanNakayama 2000(Linn\u00e9 1758)Kilburn 1985Masahito & Habe 1976(Kuroda 1930)(Hinds 1843)new record of East Asian region(Habe 1961)(Pilsbry 1911)(Jousseaume 1911)(Audouin 1826)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)new record of East Asian region(Melvill & Standem 1903)(Nyst 1871)(Pease 1861)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)(Schepman 1909)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)(Kilburn 1985)(Jousseaume 1911)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)Hedley 1907Kilburn 1985(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)(Sowerby 1894)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)Lee & Wu 1998sp. nov.Lee 2001(A. Adam & Reeve 1850)new record of East Asian region(Jousseume 1911)de Boury, 1913Kilburn 1985(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)new record of TaiwanKilburn 1985Nakayama 2000(Melvill & Standen 1903)(Yokoyama 1922)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)new record of Taiwan(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)new record of Taiwan(Melvill 1912)(Pease 1867)(Melvill 1910)Lee & Wu 1998(Azuma 1962)(Masahito & Habe 1975)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)Masahito & Habe 1976(Azuma 1961)Nakayama 2000(Lamarck 1822)(Kilburn 1985)(Kilburn 1985)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)(Kilburn 1985)(Masahito & Habe 1976)(Nakayama 2000)(Jousseaume 1911)new record of Indo\u2013Pacific region(G. B. Sowerby II 1844)Most species of this family are white or brown in color and have circular apertures. These delicate shells are generally pyramidal or drop-shaped with many axial costae. The paucispiral horny opercula are black or translucent yellow. They are distributed from tidal to great depths in sandy areas in most seas and found on corals or sea anemones, which feed on them . Most epMost Taiwanese wentletraps are rare and hard to obtain, even when dead, because of their tiny size or deep water habitat. These small species are difficult to identify because of their overall similarity and few references. The radula is not informative for generic classification, although protoconch morphology has been used to distinguish the genera . The keyLimiscalairregular, Limiscalalyra and Amaeaimmaculata through the check of Japanese name on the list of Epitoniidae are reported in Taiwan. Of these, 12 are new records in Taiwan, including 4 new that are new to the East Asian region, 2 that are new to the Indo-Pacific region and 1 new species.Before our investigation, 101 epitoniids species were recorded in Taiwan . Based o"}
{"text": "AbstractDiplachne P. Beauv. comprises two species with C4 (NAD-ME) photosynthesis. Diplachnefusca has a nearly pantropical-pantemperate distribution with four subspecies: D.fuscasubsp.fusca is Paleotropical with native distributions in Africa, southern Asia and Australia; the widespread Australian endemic D.f.subsp.muelleri; and D.f.subsp.fascicularis and D.f.subsp.uninervia occurring in the New World. Diplachnegigantea is known from a few widely scattered, older collections in east-central and southern Africa, and although Data Deficient clearly is of conservation concern. A discussion of previous taxonomic treatments is provided, including molecular data supporting Diplachne in its newer, restricted sense. Many populations of Diplachnefusca are highly tolerant of saline substrates and most prefer seasonally moist to saturated soils, often in disturbed areas. Some populations of Diplachnefusca in southern Asia combine nitrogen-fixation, high salinity tolerance and palatibilty to livestock, which should be pursued with further research for purposes of soil reclamation. Diplachnefuscasubsp.uninervia is the most invasive of the subspecies and is becoming weedy in some non-native areas, including in the Old World. This monograph provides detailed descriptions of all taxa, a key to the species and subspecies, geographic distributions and information on the anatomy of leaves, stems, lemmatal micromorphology and discussions of the chromosome numbers. Lectotypes are designated for: Atropiscarinata Grisb.; Diplachneacuminata Nash; Diplachnecapensis(Nees)Neesvar.concinna Nees; Diplachnecapensis(Nees)Neesvar.obscura Nees, Diplachnecapensis(Nees)Neesvar.proliferasubvar.minor Nees, Diplachnehalei Nash, Diplachnemaritima E.P. Bicknel, Diplachnemuelleri Benth., Diplachnereverchonii Vasey, Diplachnetectoneticola Backer, Leptochloaimbricata Thurb., Leptochloaneuroglossa Peter, Leptochloauninerviavar.typicafo.abbreviata Parodi, Triodiaambigua R. Br. and Triodiaparviflora R. Br.PageBreak Leptochloa P. Beauv. sensu lato  P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.). Diplachne itself was established by Palisot de Beauvois (1812) in the same publication that he established Leptochloa P. Beauv. (type species: L.virgata (L.) P. Beauv.) and Rhabodchloa P. Beauv., the latter of which has been reduced to synonymy , Odyssea Stapf, Pogonarthria Stapf and Trichoneura Andersson ; propose many lectotypifications; include a key to species and subspecies; and suggest IUCN recommendations based on current knowledge from herbarium specimens.This paper is the third in an antipated series of five monographic treatments see , 2013 foPageBreakPhylogenetic analyses. Detailed methods for DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis are given in Diplachne based on the analysis of five molecular markers . For this study, a sampling of species was included within subtribe Eleusininae, including the outgroups Aeluropus Trin. (Aeluropodinae), Allolepis Soderstr. & H.F. Decker  and Sporobolus R. Br. (Sporobolinae). The backbone of this phylogram  and one of Diplachnegigantea. Voucher information and GenBank numbers for all samples (including the new ones) are given in Table ram Fig. , 2016 anMorphology. Morphological characters from approximately 2200 specimens from over 80 herbaria were examined by the first author between 1986 and 2017, representing the entire geographic range of Diplachne , southern Africa  and Australia  and grown specimens from these continents in a greenhouse. The second author has collected members of Diplachne from North America, South America and Africa. The fourth author collected specimens from Africa and Australia, including the rare Diplachnegigantea. Geocoordinates are excluded in specimens examined given that most lacked such data at the time of study or were examined before reliable geocoordinates had been added or updated.Type specimens. Details of types are indicated for those that have been confirmed ; those that merely indicate \u201ctype\u201d have not been confirmed or seen. Barcode numbers are enclosed by square brackets; accession numbers are indicated with a hyphen (\u2013) following the herbarium\u2019s acronym.Species concept. A general lineage species concept . Leaves were sectioned by a rotary microtome at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden in the laboratory of Dr. J. Travis Columbus or by hand by the first author at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Data from lemmatal micromorphology  that surrounds the central-most (median) vascular bundle, which typically extends laterally to at least the first vascular bundle on either side of the median bundle. Lacunae in the keel refer to areas PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakof the keel in which parenchyma disintegrates during laminar ontogeny. Projection, in association with primary and secondary vascular bundles, is a term relative to the horizontal level of adjacent adjacent intercostal zones.Descriptive terminology for leaf anatomy largely follows Geographical distributions. Abbreviations follow Phylogeny. A total of 46 new sequences from four species are newly reported in GenBank  is well resolved with strong support for the monophyly of Diplachne  = 1, bootstrap (BS) = 100].The maximum-likelihood tree from the combined analysis of ITS and four plastid regions Diplachne, D.gigantea is sister to the numerous accessions of D.fusca. Among the accessions of D.fusca, the most strongly supported clade is an east Asian-Australian clade . However, genetic variation among DNA sequences separates only some of accessions of D.fusca unequivocally. The basal-most accession of D.fuscasubsp.fusca (Snow 6908 from Botswana) has strong support  and the remainng accessions of D.fusca also are well supported . The three earliest-arising accessions of D.fusca are African . For example, one of the three accessions from South Korea (Han s.n.) forms a polytomy with North American accessions of subsp. fascicularis , which collectively are part of a larger clade that includes another polytomy with two North American accessions of subsp. fusca , an accession of subsp. uninervia from Australia (Peterson 21305) and another accession of subsp. fusca from Australia (Brown 253). Two other accessions of subsp. fusca from South Korea  form a clade embedded with two accessions of subsp. muelleri . A similar pattern exists for a subclade within the fusca clade overall, wherein an accession of subsp. muelleri (Jensen 2572) is sister to two accessions of subsp. fusca from Australia . The polyphyletic nature of accessions of Diplachnefuscasubsp.fusca is not surprising, as it is the most geographically widespread and morphologically diverse of the four subspecies.None of the accessions of PageBreakD.fuscasubsp.uninervia near the base of the fusca clade suggests the possibility of a South American origin of this subspecies, but that interpretation needs further testing and does not explain the presence of one accession from Estado de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico (Peterson 21305) in a large polytomy elsewhere. Of all subspecies, D.f.subsp.uninervia has the greatest weedy tendencies and is now distributed across many non-native areas  of the amphitropical , 2012 D.eas e.g. . The sigD.f.subsp.muelleri likewise are not monophyletic, given that one  forms a clade containing two accessions of D.f.subsp.fusca from Korea and another clade includes an accession (Jensen 2527) with two accessions of subsp. fusca . The Korean sequences were obtained from GenBank, but vouchers have not been seen.The three accessions of the exclusively Australian D.fusca and of subsp. fusca in particular, the lack of monophyly would not be surprising. If accurately reflecting the actual history, PageBreakthen the molecular data suggest that the morphological characters used to separate the subspecies may be inadequate. The frequent inability of morphological characters, by themselves, to accurately recover genera within Poaceae, is well known , most consistently diagnose the genus from species formerly placed in Leptochloa sensu lato . More recently, Leptochloa s.l. with relatively high levels of confidence.nsu lato , 2003. Ansu lato , bandingDiplachnefusca is widespread, which has led to numerous heterotypic synonyms. After observing this variation globally, particularly with regards to taxa here included in Diplachnefuscasubsp.fusca, D.fusca to the specific level, it should be stressed that the nominative taxon, which is the most widespread and exhibits the highest levels of morphological variation, intergrades into each of the other three to some degree with virtually all morphological characters. Whether these taxa hybridise has not been tested. A collection from Orange County, California (Beetle 13066 [OKLA]) may be a hybid between L.f. subspp. fascicularis and uninervia. Diplachnegigantea is a rare, evidently emergent aquatic species endemic to a few narrow regions of southern Africa.Geographically localised morphological variation among populations of PageBreakLeaf anatomy. Detailed anatomical descriptions follow each taxon. In general, leaves show C4 (NAD-ME) anatomy; primary vascular bundles project considerably more than secondary bundles and a prominent parenchymatous keel is present in the midnerve region, which typically develops a single (often prominent) lacuna.D.fuscasubsp.fascicularis (as Leptochloafascicularias [sic]) but not in a comparative context with other taxa. Earlier workers also made limited observations of leaf anatomy. Hattersley and Watson (1976) used the presence of an \u201cintervening cell\u201d to predict a XyMS+ anatomy for D.fusca (as Diplachneparviflora (R. Br.) Benth.). Diplachneparviflora. Diplachnefusca. However, Leptochloa s.l., which now inludes that genus, Disakisperma Steud., Dinebra, Trigonochloa P.M. Peterson & N. Snow and Diplachne . Based on the prominent adaxial projection of the primary vascular bundles of D.fusca, D.fusca  Jansen ex Veldkamp and L.longa Griseb., species not included in molecular studies  compared to the native Paleotropical subspecies (fusca and muelleri), D.fusca, which he used also as evidence that the three subspecies he studied  could be treated conspecifically, as in the present paper. Further, he posited that cleistogamous lines were developed from polymorphic chasmogamous stock in D.fuscasubsp.fusca . In addition, Reeder (op. cit.) indicated presence (+) or absence (\u2013) of an epiblast. The typical formula for genera in subfamily Chloridoideae was P+PF, indicating (in order): an elongation of the vascular system between the point of divergence of the scutellum and coleoptile (P); epiblast present (+); presence of a cleft between the lower part of the scutellum and the coleorhiza (second P); and embryonic leaf in cross section with non-overlapping margins and relatively few vascular bundles (F). According to Leptochloa (i.e. including the species treated here as Diplachne) on four species, but did not indicate specifically which species were examined. D.fuscasubsp.fusca as P+PF.Pollen. The pollen of Diplachne has been studied minimally, but D.fusca, which has an annulate PageBreakaperture, an insular exine and a \u201csculptural density\u201d of 0.5\u20132 \u00b5m2. These authors also showed that Dinebra (=Leptochloa) panicea (Retz.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow has two aperatures, in contrast with the single aperture of D.fusca, the latter of which has also a minute annulus surrounding the aperture. Further study may reveal characters of pollen that reliably diagnose Diplachne from related genera.Fungal infections. The fungal genera Puccinia Pers. and Ustilago (Pers.) Roussel have been reported for species included in Diplachne (Ustilagoserena Syd. was first collected on Diplachne in 1936 (U.serena on Diplachneparviflora . P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 80. 1812. Diplachnefuscan=10; 2n=19, 20.Plants cespitose, annual or perennial, arising from fibrous roots or sometimes rhizomatous. Culms (3\u2013)10\u2013250(\u2013300) cm tall, round or somewhat compressed, mostly ascending to erect, often geniculate at lower nodes , often branching. Internodes hollow or with stellate arenchyma; nodes glabrous. Leaves cauline, midrib (\u201ckeel\u201d) prominent proximally on upper surface, blades flat or becoming involute when dry, apex attenuate; sheaths open, longer or shorter than internodes. Ligules (1.5\u2013)4\u20138(\u201315) mm, membranous or hyaline, acute to attenutate but becoming lacerate in age. Inflorescence a panicle of spicate primary branches, terminal or sometimes lateral, completely exserted or partially enclosed basally in sheath. Panicle branches numerous, steeply erect to divergent or even reflexed (in age) but mostly ascending, stiff, minutely scabrous, whorled, subwhorled or (mostly) alternate along the rachis, typically one-sided throughout their length with spikelets in 2 rows, each branch terminating in a functional spikelet. Spikelets rounded to somewhat compressed, becoming more rounded or flattened in maturity (with caryopsis), distant to tightly imbricate, green to plumbeous (lead-coloured) in flower; callous glabrous; florets mostly (2\u2013)4\u201312(\u201320), perfect ; rachilla only rarely prolonged. Glumes unequal, membranous, 1-nerved. Lemmas 3-nerved, glabrous to serious on midvein and lateral nerves, especially proximally; apex acute, obtuse, sometimes emarginate, awnless, mucronate or awned; lateral nerves distinct and occasionally excurrent. Palea membranous, typically subequal to lemma. Stamens 1, 2, or (mostly) 3, anthers 0.2\u20132.7 mm long, yellow or maroon. Caryopsis elliptic to narrowly elliptic in hilar profile; dorsally compressed. Given unstable generic boundaries, no common name has been applied consistently. For English, \u201cdiplachne\u201d is simply recommended given its shortness and ease of pronunciation.PageBreakTaxon classificationPlantaePoalesPoaceae(L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Systema Vegitabilum 2. 1825.FestucafuscaLeptochloafusca (L.) Kunth, R\u00e9vis. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829. Diplachnefusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Stapf, Fl. Cap. 7: 591. 1900, nom. illeg. hom. Diplachnefusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Stuck., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 128. 1904, nom. illeg. hom. Uralepisfusca (L.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 247. 1855. L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 876. 1759. Palestine, F Hasselquist s.n. : 281. 1974)muelleri and fascicularis or occasionally subsp. fusca) to completely exserted at maturity; with (3\u2013)5\u201335 branches; the branches (1.5\u2013)3\u201320 cm long, alternate along the rachis, sometimes reflexed or steeply erect but mostly somewhat ascending, stiff, minutely scabrous, axils glabrous. Spikelets 5\u201312(\u201314) mm long, shortly pedicillate, sometimes distant near base of branches but overlapping near branch tips; florets (4\u2013)6\u201312(\u201320); callus glabrous or hairy; lower glumes 1.0\u20133.5 (\u20134.9) mm long, membranous, narrowly ovate to ovate, usually scabrous on the midnerve, apex broadly acute to acute, awnless or infrequently shortly awned; upper glumes 1.8\u20135.5 mm long, elliptic to usually ovate or widely ovate (or sometimes obovate), scabrous on midnerve, apex obtuse (rarely) or acute at apex, rarely short-awned; lemmas 2.3\u20136.0 mm long, narPageBreakrowly ovate, ovate, or elliptic, the lateral nerves distinct and sometimes slightly excurrent, more or less sericeous on lateral nerves and the midnerve (hair tips rounded), apex truncate, obtuse, to acute or acuminate and sometimes bifid, awnless, mucronate, or awned to 3.5 mm; palea subequal or slightly exceeding lemma, more or less sericeous on nerves; apex acute or obtuse. Stamens 1, 2 or mostly 3; anthers 0.2\u20132.7 mm. Caryopses 1.0\u20132.4 \u00d70.7\u20131.2 mm, elliptic, ovate, or obovate in hilar profile, transversely elliptic to depressed obovate in transverse section, hilar groove lacking, smooth or sometimes slightly rugose, brown; pericarp weakly adnate to the endopserm.Annuals or perennials. Culms 3 cm long (when prostrate) to 170 cm tall, 1\u20138 mm wide at base, round or sometimes flattened, ascending to erect  or geniculate and rooting at lower nodes (facultatively stoloniferous), branched or unbranched; nodes glabrous; internodes (0.5\u2013)3\u201326 cm long, soft or sometimes slightly lignified, hollow. Leaf sheaths longer or shorter than the internodes, round or flattened, glabrous on sides and margins; ligules (1.5\u2013)5\u201312(\u201315) mm long, hyaline to membranous, apically attenuate but often becoming lacerated due to mechanical damage; blades (3\u2013)5\u201350 \u00d70.2\u20130.6 cm, flat but becoming inrolled when dry, glabrous to somewhat scabrous above and below. Panicles (1.5\u2013)15\u2013105 \u00d72\u201330 cm, partially inserted below  (and see others under subspecies).Diplachnefusca complex can be somewhat distinct morphologically from conspecifics occurring elsewhere, which is reflected in the many names that have been created to reflect such variation. However, all characters intergrade when considered globally , where D.f.subsp.uninervia has become established  P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.PoamalabaricaPanicummalabaricum (L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 4: 248. 1909. Ottochloamalabarica (L.) Dandy, J. Bot. 69 (2): 55. 1931. Diplachnemalabarica (L.) Merrill, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60: 635. Leptochloamalabarica (L.) Veldkamp, Blumea 19: 64. 1971. 1933. Type. Rheede, Hort. Malab. 83, t. 45. 1703! . L., Sp. Pl. 69. 1753, nom. utiq. rej. . PanicumFestucareptatrixDiplachnereptatrix (L.) Druce, Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl. (ed. 2), 129. 1928. Type. Linn. Herbarium . 1: 106. 1762. BromuspolystachiosType. EGYPT. Alexandria, P Forssk\u00e5l 1016 (holotype: C [C10001861]!). Forssk. Fl. Aegypt.\u2013Arab. 23. 1775. PoacontractaLeptochloacontracta (Retz.) Blatt. and McCann, Sci. Monogr. Imp. Counc. Agric. Res. 5: 243. 1935. Type. INDIA. JG K\u00f6nig s.n. . Retz. Observ. Bot. 3: 11. 1783. FestucaindicaDiplachneindica (Retz.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 351. 1825. Tridensindicus (Retz.) Nees in Wight, Cat. Ind. Pl., 106. 1794, nom. nud. Type. INDIA. JG K\u00f6nig s.n. . Contrary to  Retz., Observ. Bot. (Retzius) iv. 21. 1786. TriodiaparvifloraFestucabrownii F. Muell., Fragm. 8: 129. 1873. Diplachneparviflora (R. Br.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 620. 1878. Leptochloaparviflora (R. Br.) Verloove & Lambinon, Syst. Geogr. Pl. 76: 219. 2006. Type. AUSTRALIA. Northern Territory, Arnhem Bay, \u201cLittora Nova Hollandiae intra tropicum\u201d, R. Brown 6254 . R. Br., Prodr. 182. 1810. TriodiaambiguaType. AUSTRALIA. Queensland, Keppel Bay, R Brown 6253 . R. Br., Prodr. 183. 1810. TridenscapensisUralepiscapensis (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 319. 1833. Diplachnecapensis (Nees) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 256. 1841. Triodiacapensis (Nees) Th. Dur. and Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 877. 1895. Type. SOUTH AFRICA. \u201cBei Doornhoogte in der Capschen Fl\u00e4che, Dec. 1824, Ecklon\u201d. No specimen is cited in the protologue; lectotypification is probably needed. Nees, Linneana 7: 324. 1832. Diplachnecapensis(Nees)Neesvar.concinnaType. SOUTH AFRICA. Ad Weltevrede in ripa Gamka..., Dr\u00e8ge s.n. . Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841. Diplachnecapensis(Nees)Neesvar.minorType. SOUTH AFRICA, Dr\u00e8ge 3900 (fragment of holotype: PRE!). Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841. Diplachnecapensis(Nees)Neesvar.obscuraType. SOUTH AFRICA. Circa Graaf Reynet solo Karro, Ecklon s.n.; In Herb. Reg. Berol, Mundt s.n.; Ad sinum Plettenbergbai, George s.n.,  Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 256. 1841. Diplachnecapensis(Nees)Neesvar.proliferaType. South Africa, Ad flumen Gauritzrivier solo Karro, George s.n. (Fragment of type: PRE!) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841. Diplachnecapensis(Nees)Neesvar.proliferasubvar.minorType. South Africa. Inter Los\u2013Tafelberg et Zwartkey, JF Dr\u00e8ge 3900  Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841. Diplachnecapensis(Nees)Neesvar.paucifloraPageBreakNees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841. Type. South Africa. In districtus Caledon montibus. Since Poaceae types of Nees were destroyed at B, selection of a neotype may be necessary. DiplachnelividaUralepislivida (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 248. 1855. Triodialivida (Nees) Th. Dur. and Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 877. 1895. Type. SOUTH AFRICA. Namaqualand, In valle praerupta montium Kamiesbergen prope Kuile alt. 3000\u2019... JF Dr\u00e8ge  . Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 254. 1841. DiplachnepallidaType. SOUTH AFRICA. Transvaal, Boshveld, Klippan, A Rehmann 5371 . Hack., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 387. 1895. LeptochloaneuroglossaType. TANZANIA. Pare District, Mkomazi, Lake Manga, A Peter 41078 (holotype: B\u2020). A neotype specimen at B (!)  was suggested earlier : 75. 1930, and 264, 1931.  earlier : 227 butDiplachnecuspidataType. NAMIBIA. Etoscha-Pfanne, Okaukuejo, 5 Meilen westlich von Okondeka im Omuramba, 27 Feb 1963, W Giess, OH Volk, & B Bleissner 6105 . Launert, Prod. Fl. S\u00fcdwestafrika 34 (160): 221. 1970. DiplachneamboensisType. NAMIBIA. Ovamboland, Ondonga, M. Rautanen s.n. . Roiv., Ann. Bot. Fenn. 11: 34. 1974. DiplachneamboensisRoiv.var.plurinodisType. NAMIBIA. Ovamboland, Ongandjera, Okahao, pool in valley, Soini s.n. (holotype: H! ([H1057542]). Roiv., Ann. Bot. Fenn. 11: 36. 1974. DiplachnewahlbergiiType. SOUTH AFRICA, Caput Bonae Spei, J Wahlberg s.n. . Roiv., Ann. Bot. Fenn. 11: 36. 1974. F. Hasselquist s.n. (lectotype: LINN 92.21!), typ. cons. prop.PALESTINE. Ab. loco, PageBreakPageBreak6\u201314 mm long, distant to tightly imbricate; florets (4\u2013)6\u201312(\u201314); callus glabrous or hairy; lower glumes 1.9\u20133.0(\u20134.9) mm long, ovate, scabrous on midnerve, obtuse to acute, rarely bifid; upper glumes 3.0\u20134.7(\u20135.5) mm long, ovate, scabrous on midnerve, obtuse to acute, rarely bifid; lemmas 3.0\u20134.7(\u20136.0) mm long, 3-nerved, narrowly ovate to ovate, the lateral nerves pronounced and often extending to the tips, sericeous (at least below) on lateral nerves and often on midnerve, glabrous between nerves, apex obtuse to acute or acuminate, sometimes bifid, unawned, mucronate, or awned; paleas subequal to slightly exceeding lemma, elliptic, more or less sericeous along nerves; apex obtuse to acute. Stamens 1\u20133; anthers 0.5\u20132.7 mm long , maroon or yellow. Caryopses 1.6\u20132.3 mm long, 0.9\u20131.2 mm wide, obovate in hilar profile, transversely elliptic to depressed obovate in transverse section, hilar groove lacking, smooth, brown; pericarp weakly adnate to endosperm.Plants annual or (mostly) perennial. Culms (15\u2013)40\u2013170 cm tall, 2\u20135 mm wide at base, round or somewhat flattened, ascending to erect or sometimes decumbent and rooting at nodes (and sometimes strongly stoloniferous in southern Africa), often branching; nodes glabrous; internodes to 26 cm long, soft or sometimes lignified, hollow. Leaf sheaths longer or shorter than the internodes, round or somewhat flattened, glabrous on sides and margins; ligules 4\u20138(\u201315) mm long; blades mostly 5\u201348 cm long, 2\u20136 mm wide, glabrous to moderately scabrous above and below. Panicles 15\u2013105 cm long, 2\u201320 cm wide, exerted or occasionally partially inserted at maturity with 3\u201328 branches; the branches (1.5\u2013) 4\u201320 cm long, mostly alternate along the rachis, ascending, erect, or infrequently reflexed, stiff to somewhat flexuous, minutely scabrous, axils glabrous. Spikelets Primary bundles: protruding adaxially and abaxially and to a greater degree than secondary bundles; outer bundle sheaths continuous adaxially, interrupted abaxially; extension cells present adaxially; adaxial cells enlarged, abaxially cells not enlarged; sclerenchymatous girders present adaxially and abaxially, or abaxially only as strands. Colourless cells present between primary and secondary bundles; chlorenchyma continuous or discontinuous between adjacent bundles. Secondary bundles: protruding adaxially or not, flush abaxially; outer bundle sheath continuous or interrupted abaxially; sclrenchymatous girders present abaxially. ; Snow & Burgoyne 7108 (South Africa); Snow & Burgoyne 7176, 7196 (Namibia); Snow et al. 7208, 7214, 7215, 7217 ; Ellis specimens from South Africa [all at PRE]: Ellis 1908, 3410, 3653, 4779.)Midrib present (or rarely absent) in mature leaves; central lacuna present. Stems can root at the nodes and functionally act as stolons ; Kranz sheath cells absent; Kranz sheath cell canal tissue absent. Vouchers (at MO): Snow & Chatakutah 6808 (Botswana); Snow & Chatakutah 6829 (Botswana); Snow & Burgoyne 7196 (Namibia); Snow et al. 7217 ; Snow et al. 7208 ; Snow et al. 7239 ; Snow et al. 7249 .Culms hollow; pith parenchyma isodiametric; inner sclerenchymatous ring present; peripheral sclerenchymatous ring present; inner sclerenchymatous ring canal tissue present (see Culm Anatomy under n=10 (n=19 (Spies and Vogues 1988); 2n=20  Non-native: Persisting in Argentina, but non\u2013persisting elsewhere. . Diplachnefuscasubsp.fusca was grown in experimental gardens in the early part of the 20th century in Chico and Berkeley, California, as introductions from New South Wales . It has been collected outside the plots in California, but evidently has not become widely established in that state.Widespread; not of concern.fuscus refers to dark, dusky, or swarthy and possibly alludes to the dark green or plumbeous spikelets of some specimens.The Latin Malabar sprangletop; Beetlegrass sprangletop. Japan: Hama-gaya . TanzaniDiplachnefuscasubsp.fusca is the most widely distributed taxon in the complex and occurs throughout the range of the species in the Paleotropics, with some introductions in the Neotropics and North America . It is sometimes considered a weed of rice paddies Parodivar.procumbens Parodi under D.fascicularis. In contrast, the authors synonymise the former under D.fucsasubsp.fusca. The subsp. fusca is differentiated from subsp. fascicularis primarily by the latter having panicle branches inserted at the base and having anthers shorter than 0.5 mm, whereas the former more typically has fully exserted panicles and anthers exceeding 0.5 mm (sometimes significantly so).Distinguishing rgentina , where tD.f.subsp.uninervia. The specimens from New Guinea may be from New World propagules that arrived during World War II. The spikelets of the type specimen of Diplachnepallida Hack. also closely resemble those of D.f.subsp.uninervia.The floret morphology of some specimens from western Africa , southern Africa , which has been noted also by The sexuality of the florets varies widely. A population from Namibia (Snow & Burgoyne 7196 [with numerous duplicates distributed]) had male, female and hermaphroditic florets within a single spikelet. The number of stamens can likewise vary Thysanoptera) of an indetermined genus were found in virtually every floret of fresh material of a specimen of D.fuscasubsp.fusca from Queensland, Australia . In a study of germination, populations in Australia were affected more by nighttime than daytime temperatures  states that the species becomes a dominant pioneer in areas trampled out in brackish pans in grassland dominated by the grass genus Hyparrhenia E. Fourn. Others also have noted the high levels of salinity tolerance , where it sometimes is decumbent to geniculate and stoloniferous  of a recently described PageBreaknitrogen-fixing genus of bacteria, Azoarcus . Angola. Huila. Morros de Cualeque, Exell and Mendon\u00e7a 2704 (BM); Distrito de Huila, Pereira de I\u00e7a, Cunhama, Gossweiler 11066 . Argentina. Buenos Aires: Pdo. Magdalena, Punta Indio, Boelcke et al. 12540 (MO); A San Vincente, Zardini 246 (LP); Vicente Lopez, Parodi 7694\u20131/2 (BAA); Vicente Lopez, Parodi 184 (BAA); Avellaneda, prox. al cemetario, Parodi 4774 (BAA); San Isidro, Parodi 4903 (BAA); San Vicente, Parodi 8118 ; Palermo, Parodi 175 (BAA). Entre Rios: Dpto. Uruguay, Laguna de los Negros, Nicora 3012 (SI); Dpto. Uruguay, cerca del Parque Unzu\u00e9, Burkart 25675 (BAA). Misiones: Nacanguaz\u00fa, Santo Pip\u00f3, Grondona and Puccinini 3188 (UC). La Rioja: Cunta de Llanos, Nicora 18527 (B). Rio Negro: Fuerte Gral Roca, Boelcke & Serrano 3122 (BAA). San Juan: Jachal, Cabrera 18025 (LP). Australia. New South Wales: 24 km S of Moree, Beadle s.n. (NE 24646), Combanning Silo, ca. 13 km E of Temora on Stockinbingal Rd., ca. 26 km W of Stockinbingal, Snow et al. 7208 ; Ca. 20 km E of Griffith on Ardelthan Rd., Snow et al 7213 ; 9.7 km S of Darlington Point on Coleambally Rd., S of Griffith, Snow et al. 7214 ; Marrimajeela Ck., ca. 15 km N of Boolingal on road to Ivanhoe, Snow et al. 7215 ; 15.1 km out of Brewarrina on Collerina Rd., Snow et al. 7216 ; 17.9 km out of Brewarrina on Collerina Rd., ca. 4.3 km E of Bokhara Riv., Snow et al. 7217 ; Ca. 60 km E of Brewrrina on road to Walgett, ca. 9 km W of turnoff to Cumborah, Snow et al. 7220 ; Southern end of town of Walgett, along muddy margins of artificial pond created by irrigation regime in the civic park, Snow et al. 7222 ; 46.6 km E of Connamble on road to Baradine, Snow et al. 7226 ; 19.9 km N of Boggabri on road to Narrabri, Snow et al. 7232 ; 6.5 km N of Edgeroi, between Narrabai and Moree, Snow et al. 7234 ; 11.6 km N of Moree on road to Boggabilla (Hwy 39), Snow et al. 7237 ; Ca. 58 km N of Moree on road to Boggabilla (Hwy 39), Snow et al. 7244 ; Grenfell, Corbett s.n. (BISH); Duck Ck., Wollongbar, McBarron 6516 (NSW) and McBarron 6516 (NSW); Nevertire, Helms 31318 ; Walgett, Vickery 18009 (US); Macquarie Marshes area, 16 km SE of PageBreakCarinda, Paijmans 1737 (CANB); Bogan Gate \u2013 4 km E of Parker Rd., Lloyd 156 (CANB); Moree \u2013 3 km E on Gwyndir Hwy, Lloyd 726 (CANB); 28 mi. S of Nyngan, along road between Nyngan to Narromine, Martensz 268 (CANB); Macquarie Marshes, Warren, Goodrick 261 (CANB); Agric. Res. Station, Yanco, Boerema 7 (CANB); Riverina Dist., Booroorban, between Deniliquin and Hay, Brown 390 ; Near Barham, Ganba 3516 (CANB); Griffith, 1.7 km from W end of Hamilton Rd., Lodder and Corbett 11 (CANB); Near Homebush, Sydney, Hubbard 8185 (BRI); Fort Bourke, Pear Bore No. 1, Simon 2957 (BRI); 14 km SE of Bourke on Bourke\u2013Nyngan Rd., Simon 2974 (BRI); Near Goonery Bore, 65 mi. E of Wanaaring, Moore 5781 (BRI); Between Fort Grey and Cameron\u2019s Corner, Corrick 6536 ; Macquarie Marhes 35 km W of Quambone, just E of Macquarie Riv., Paijmans 1704 (CANB); West of Premer, Hosking and Sullivan 472 ; Gulpa, Brown 389 (MEL); \u201cMt. Mulgah\u201d \u2013 ca. 60 km NW of South, Moore 8231 (CANB); \u201cMt. Mulgah\u201d \u2013 ca. 50 mi. NW of South, Moore 5091 (CANB); Ca. 51 mi. W of Bourke on Wanaaring Rd., Moore 5112 (CANB); 12 km W of Booligal, Paijmans 1649 (CANB). Northern Territory: MacDonnell Range, Palm Valley Canyon, Finke Riv. Canyon, SW of Alice Springs, Vasek 680915\u201325 ; 40 km W of Suplejack Homestead, Latz 8121 (BRI); Gardens Station, Latz 1939 ; Warangaiyu Lagoon, Elcho Island, Latz 6270 (CANB); Coomarie Spring, Latz 3956 (CANB); 7 km SW Borroloola, Latz 1523 ; Homestead Ck. Bing Bong Station, Latz 1493 (CANB); Gulf of Carpenteria, Maria Island, Dunlop 2800 ; Swamp below Howard Springs, Darwin area, Craven 4474 (CANB); Coastal Plains Research Station, 30 mi. SE of Darwin, Lazarides 6810 (CANB); South Alligator Floodplain, 16 km S Arnhem Hwy, Wightman 1456 ; Glen of Palms, James Range, Gardner 11728 (MEL); Glen of Palms, ca. 112 km SW of Alice Springs, Beauglehole 23846 ; 11 km from Borroloola, Daly Waters Rd., Jacobs 1670 ; Fogg Ck. Dam near Beatrice, Jacobs 1767 (CANB); Palm Valley, 10 mi. S of Hermannsburg Mission, Perry 3501 ; Mangrove area on banks of South Alligator Riv. Paijmans LAC4486 (CANB); Palm Valley, 12 mi. SW of Hermannsburg Mission, Lazardies 5290 ; Finke Riv. 2 mi. S of Hermannsburg, Latz 3125 (BRI); Darwin, Leanyer Swamp, Latz 3616 (BRI); Fish Ck., Woolner Station, Rankin 2491 ; Wirra Lagoon near Nhulumbry, Scarlett Y\u2013257\u201374 (BRI); Palm Valley, Beauglehole 10359 (BRI); Palm Valley, Beauglehole 27518 (BRI); Mary Riv. Conservation Reserve, Liddle 1102 (BRI). Queensland: Burke Dist., 12 mi. E of Hughenden Township, Lazardies 3605 ; Between Mt. Emu Plains and Mt. Sturgeon Stations, Hubbard & Winders 7560 (BRI); Normanton, Blake 9002 (BRI); Agnes Lake, 79 km S of Lyndhurst Station on Hann Hwy, Simon and Clarkson 2752 (BRI); Mount Isa, Winders 7427 (BRI); Nonda, Hubbard & Winders 7228 ; Mt. Isa, No. 7 Tailings Dam, Schmid 712 (BRI); 3 km NE of Burketwon on Truganini Crossing Rd., Jacobs 1318 ; Dry bed of Lake Louisa ca. 90 mi. N of Hugenden, Blake 8605 (CANB); 19 mi. S of Mt. Isa Township, Lazarides 4381 (US); 18 mi. SW of Claraville Station, Lazarides 3934 (CANB); 8 mi. E of Iffley Station, Lazarides 3939 (CANB); 8 mi. N of Cloncurry PageBreakTownship, Lazarides 4315 (CANB); 3 mi. SW of Malbon Township, Lazarides 4400 . Cook Dist., 1.6 km S of mouth of North Kennedy Riv. on Lakefield N.P., Neldner and Clarkson 3782 ; Arriga area, ca. 13 km SW of Marreba, T. Mailsel\u2019s Farm, Pregno s.n. (BRI); 2.5 km SW of the aboriginal settlement at Mapoon, Clarkson 4962 ; Weipa, Morton 1132 (MEL); 10 mi.NNE of Lyndhurst Station, Lazarides 3737 (CANB); Station Ck. saltpan, 1 km E of Inkerman homestead, Neldner & Clarkson 2873 ; On southern bank of Nassau Riv., 0.5 km upstream from junction with Rocky Ck., Neldner & Clarkson 3007 (BRI); 9 km NW of Kenchering by road, Dalliston CC437 (BRI); Chohan\u2019s Farm, Ariga W of Mareeba, Hawton s.n. (BRI); Lakefield N.P., Knifehole, 2 km from Saltwater Ck. crossing on the Musgrave to Lakefield Rd., Clarkson & Simon 7061 (BRI); Plains on eastern bank of Nomenade Ck., Morton AM1132 (BRI); 2 km N of the Morehead Riv. Crossing on the Lakfield to Musgrave Rd., Clarkson & Simon 7047 (BRI); 3 mi. ESE of Spring Ck. Station, Lazarides 3807 (BRI). Darling Downs Dist., ca. 10 mi. SW of The Gums on roadside, Johnson 729 (BRI); Kindon Station, 54 mi. NNW Goondiwindi, Smith 549 (GH); 28 km E of Goondiwindi on road to Yelarbon, Inglewood and Warick, Snow et al. 7249 ; 3.2 km N of junction with Cunningham Hwy (Hwy 42) on the Leichhardt Hwy, N of Goondiwindi, Snow & Simon 7312 ; 14.5 km N of Cunningham Hwy along the Leichhardt Hwy N of Goondiwindi, 3.1 km S of turnoff to Toowoomba (78 km S of Moonie), Snow & Simon 7326 ; 17.8 km W of Moonie on Moonie Hwy, Snow & Simon 7360 ; 22 km W of Moonie along Moonie Hwy, Snow & Simon 7363 ; Palardo, W of Miles, Blake 7619 ; ca. 10 mi. SW of The Gums, Johnson 729 ; Yelarbon, Blake 10445 (BRI); Yelarbon 41 km E of Goondiwindi, McDonald 406 ; Chinchilla, Hubbard and Winders 6405 ; ca. 7 mi. SE of Meandarra, Johnson 1206 ; Condamine State School, Turnbull 5 (BRI); Milmerran, Hubbard 5867 ; Dalby, Beiers 43 (BRI); Chinchilla, Beasley 124 (BRI); Dalby, Beiers 63 (BRI); 10 Meilen von Meandarra, Walter and Walter 2610 (B); near Gurulmundi, Hubbard 5129 ; Yelarbon, Everist 889 (BRI); Pelican Lakes 30 km NE of Chinchilla, Simon et al. 3491 (BRI). Gregory North Dist., Boundary Gully Bore, 25 km N of Headingly homestead, Neldner & Stanley 1804 (BRI). Gregory South Dist., 0.7 km SW of Longford turn\u2013off, Thompson Devel. Rd., Prendergast HDP313 (BRI); ca. 92 km W of Betoota, Nicolson & Novelly 277 (BRI). Leichhardt Dist., Broadsound Shire, \u201cIffley\u201d, 3 km N of Mt. Coxendean, Anderson and Russell 896 (BRI); Broadsound Shire, Anderson 752 (BRI); Emerald, Finlay & Farquhar 2 (BRI); Broadsound Shire: \u201cBarwon Park\u201d ca. 70 km N of Blackwater, Anderson 2054 (BRI) and (ibid.) Anderson 2055 (BRI); Gunnewin via Roma, Kieseker 9 (BRI). Maranoa Dist., Noondoo near Dirranbandi, Blake 10690 (BRI); 13 km E of Mervyndale, Walrus III, Site R030, Purdie 462D (BRI); 40 mi. W of St. George, Roe s.n. (CANB); \u201cWarrie\u201d, Nindigully, Allen 111 (CANB); Noondoo Station E of Dirrabandi, Everist 817 (BRI); Mitchell, Hubbard and Winders 6309 (BRI); Boatman Station, Everist 2857 ; 15 km S of Roma, Bungil Shire, Silcock S721 (BRI); Roma, Blake PageBreak10894 (BRI); Bollon, along damp creek bands, White 11545 . Mitchell Dist., Yaraka, Bownman s.n. (BRI); 2 mi. W of Blackall, Everist 2089 (BRI); 34 mi.NW of Longreach, Davidson 82 (BRI); 11 km SE of Corinda homestead, Thompson and Sharpe MUT1 (BRI); Jericho, Blake 10245 (BRI). Moreton Dist., Wyampa, near Bald Hills, Blake 213 (BRI); Near Redcliffe, Hubbard 5551 ; Currumbin, White 8728 ; Nundah, Brisbane, Blake 159 (BRI); 2 km N of Coolum beach, ca. 130 km N of Brisbane, Sharpe 2127 (BRI); Serpentine Ck. and environs, ca. 11 km NE of Brisbane, Durrington 435 (BRI); 2 km N of Coolum Beach, ca. 130 km N of Brisbane, Sharpe 1894 (BRI); Hope Island, 2 km from Boyankil on road to Pacific Hwy, Simon et al. 2932 (BRI). North Kennedy Dist., Toonpan \u2013 Antil Plains, Everist 9194 (BRI); Mt. St. John, Hubbard & Winders 6943 ; Barratta Ck., lower Burdekin Valley, Paijmans 3508 (CANB); Near Saltern Lagoon, 5 km W of Valley of Lagoona HS, Lazarides 8167 ; Cromarty, between Townsville and Ayr, Blake 8306 (BRI). Port Curtis Dist., Gladstone, Blake 12784 (BRI); Curtis Island, N of Southend, Blake 22578 ; Curtis Island, S end, Blake 22522 (BRI); 25 km ESE of Rockhampton, Paijmans 2016 (CANB); E side of Herbert Ck., 5 km NW of \u201cBanksia\u201d homestead, Paijmans 2017 (CANB); Gladstone, Blake 12784 (CANB); \u201cTorilla\u201d between Broad Sound and Shoalwater Bay, Blake & Webb 15615 . South Kennedy Dist., 17 mi. NE of \u201cMirtna\u201d Station, Adams 1133 (CANB); `Cassiopeia\u2019, the property of J. Mendazona, Belyando Shire, Jacobsen E 580 (BRI); 6.5 km NW of Belyando Crossing, Thompson and Sharpe BUC901 (BRI); Gormans Lagoon near Mirtna HS (site GL1), Thompson & Simon BUC755 (BRI); with 2.3 km S of Doongmabulla homestead, 197 km N of Jericho, Thompson & Henderson GAL142 (BRI); 10.5 km NE of Hyde Park homestead on road to Bulliwallah homestead, Thompson & Simon BUC813 ; 3 km S of Doongmabulla homestead on sandy flat adjacent to Cattle Ck. [...] Thompson & Simon GAL50 (BRI); Laglan Station, ca. 105 km WNW\u2013NW of Clermont, Smith 10293 (BRI); 3 km W of Yarromere homestead, Thompson & Henderson BUC993 (BRI). Warrego Dist., ca. 25 mi.S of Wyandra, Blake 11234 ; Wyandra, Sutton s.n. (BRI); Curragh Station, Hubbard & Winders 6263 ; Gilruth Plains Stn, Cunnamulla, Barker 835 (CANB); \u201cCowley\u201d, 40 mi. E of Quilpie, on main Quilpie\u2013Charleville Rd., Anson 2 (BRI); Gilruth Plains, Cunnamulla, McKee 10326 ; 10 km SE of Charleville along Boatman Rd., Purdie & Boyland 36 (BRI); Coongoola, between Charleville and Cunnamulla, Hubbard & Winders 6174 ; \u201cAmbathala\u201d, 100 km WNW of Charleville on Adavale Rd., Silcock 5458 (BRI); \u201cPeneroo\u201d via Eulo, Young 54 (BRI); Bowalli, ca. 75 mi. SSW of Quilpie, Everist 5041 (BRI); \u201cWittenburra\u201d Eulo, Ebersohn E180 (BRI); Carbeen near Cunnamulla, White 11567 ; Dynevor Lakes, 30 mi. E of Thargomindah, Blake 11761 (BRI); Bulloo, MacGillivray 1024 (BRI). Wide Bay Dist., Splitters Ck., Smith 437 (BRI). South Australia: 30 km W of Inllian Ck on Coober Pedy road, Badman 1282 ; Lower Winkie Rd.... near Berri, ca. 195 km NE of Adelaide, Kuchel 3215 ; 32 km SW of Hawker Gate, Jacobs 3536 (BRI); Just out of Wyndham on and at base of rocky slope, Symon 5251 (CANB). PageBreakVictoria: Melbourne area, between Newmarket and Showgrounds railway stations, E of Ascot Vale Rd., Flemington, Clarke 1797 ; King\u2019s Billabong, beside the Murray Riv., between Mildura and Red Cliffs, Henshall s.n. (MEL); Murray Valley area, Tatura \u2013 Irrigation Research Institute, Brown 34 (MEL); Port MacKay, Dietrich 538 (MEL); Malle Study Area, Reedy Lake Wildlife Reserve, Beauglehole 55705 (MEL). Western Australia: Wittenoom Gorge, Hammersley Range, Beauglehole 11564 (BRI); 10 km SE of Wyndham, Paijmans 2505 (CANB); 8 km SE of New Wyndham Post Office, North Kimberely, George 14546 ; Goody Goody, Fitzgerald 65 (US); 34 mi.SW of Wyndham Township, Lazarides 3080 ; Wyampa, near Bald Hills, Blake 213 (K); Parry Lagoon, NE Kimberley, Kenneally 10719 (CANB); Ord Riv. 25 km NE of Wyndham, Paijmans 2268 (CANB); North West Coastal Hwy, 94 km from Minilya on raod to Dampier, Simon & Stretch 3788 (BRI); 34 mi.SW of Wyndham Township, Lazarides 3080 (BRI). Belgium. Graviers de la Vesdre, Fasseaux 11a (K). Bolivia. Beni: Prov. Ballivian, Espiritu en la zona del influencia del rio Yacuma, Beck 3219 (US). Santa Cruz: Chiquitos, Est. San Ignacio, 22 km N of San Jose de Chiquitosm Killeen 1712 ; Nuflo de Chavez, San Antonio de Lomerio, Killeen 825 . Botswana. Central: Mumpswe Pan, 25 mi. NNW of mouth of Nata Riv., Drummond & Seagrey 5167 (PRE); 17.6 road km N of Dibete (at turnoff to Mookane), ca. 135 Road km N of Gabarone, Snow & Chatakuta 6767 ; At km marker 16, W of Nata on Hwy to Maun, Snow & Chatakuta 6829 ; Along main Hwy between Nata and Maun, ca. 67 km W of Nata, Snow & Chatakuta 6878 ; 44.3 road km from Sephophe on road towards Zanzibar, ca. 21.6 km prior to Tsetsejwe, Snow & Chatakuta 6908 ; Along main hwy, 17.6 km N of Dibete (at turnoff to Mookane), ca. 135 road km N of Gaborone, Snow & Chatakuta 6913 ; Botletle delta area, NE of Mopipi, Tyers 616 (MO). Kgalagadi: Zanye Pan, NW of Hukuntsi, Ellis 2657 . Mahalapye: Kalamare, de Beer K5 (GAB). Mohembo: Okavango Riv., Smith 2669 (K); in the sump of Nwaku Pan, Smith 2969(K). Northern: Mumpswe Pan, 25 mi. NNW of mouth of Nata Riv., Drummond & Seagriest 5167 ; Kangwa (Xanwe), 27 km NE of Aha Hills, Wild & Drummond 6931 ; near Tschelenyane, 11 km from Lake Ngami on track to Khwebe Hills, Drummond 8747 (K). Ngamiland: Boteti Riv. lower reaches, Smith 2563 ; Nxai Pan N.P., Smith 1648 ; Moremi Wildlife Reserve, Smith 811 ; Moremi Wildlife Reserve, Mexara Pan, Smith 1598 . Brazil. Paraiba: S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o do Carir\u00ed, P\u00f4sto Agro\u2013Pequ\u00e1rio, Mattos and Mattos 9736 (US). Burundi. Plaine de la Rusizi au N de Bujubura, Gihanga, Van der Veken 11182 ; Plaine de la Rusizi (Prov. Bubanza), savane\u2013palmeraie a hauteur du km 14 de la route Bujumbura\u2013Cibitoke, Lambinon 75/42 ; Vall\u00e9e Katunguru, Reekmans 3187 (MO). Chad. Entre Moolou et Berirem, Chevalier 10102 (P); Latir Nord Bol, Dune, Gaston 749 (P); Bahr el Ghazal\u2013Gahine, Zolotarevsky et al. 876 (P); Bagana \u2013 Ba Gara, Murat 924 (P). China. Hebei: Peitaiha [=Beidaihe], Cowdry 213 (US); Tientsin, Clemens 1615 ; Shen Hsien, Beach s.n. (US); Shatin, Shiu Ying Hu 12084 (A). PageBreakHong Kong: Hong Kong, Shiu Ying Hu 11785 . Hopei: Ch\u2019ating, Kung 3784 (US). Heijan: Roadside ca. 10 mi. W of Hochien, Beach s.n. (US). Jiangsu: Nanking (Lotus Lake), Reeves s.n. (NY). Democratic Republic of the Congo. Sud-Kivu: Plaine Rusisi [=Rusizi], Germain 5576 . Distr. Liberec: garden in Raspenava, introduced with waste from wool processing, 24 Aug. 1963, V. Jehl\u00edk s.n. (PRA). Egypt.  Damietta District, Ezbet El-Burg, Mashaly s.n. (K); Aus der Umgegend von Cairo, Schweinfurth 1432 (K); Al-Faiyum District, El-Azab, Ghani 3650 (K); Farask\u00fbr, Shabetai 33 (K); Aulad Hammam, Simpson 5183 (B); Gize, Kairo, Kneucker 865 (MU); near Cairo, Meinertzhagen, s.n. (BM); Fayoum, Drar 9/123 (NY); 166 km from Cairo on the desert road to Alexandria, Amin et al. s.n. (NY); An den R\u00e4ndern der Bew\u00e4sserungsgr\u00e4ben zwischen dem Dorfe G\u00eeze unweit Kairo, Kneucker 254 ; Between Hamul and Baltin, Hefnawy s.n. (K); Lake-side, Manzale N of Damietta, Simpson 1451 (K); W\u00e2di el Ged\u00eeol-D\u00e2khlao, E part of the oasis below Balat and Ismant (Smint), Walter s.n. (K). Ethiopia. Oromia: Lake Alemaya (Haramaia), Burger 3607 ; South shore of Lake Alemaya, 35 km on the road from Dire Dawa to Harar, de Wilde 4789 ; NW shore of Lake Langano, Ash 1377 and 2644 (K); Lake Awasa, ca. 20 km SW of Shashamane, de Wilde & de Wilde-Duyfjes 7016 . Germany. Wollkammerei, Kuhbier s.n. (B). Indonesia. Java: Horsfield s.n. (BM). India. Kerala: Vembanad Lake near Alleppey, Vencoba Rao 4061 (K). West Bengal: Salt Lake, Calcutta (Kolkata), Clarke 21605 (BM). Iraq. Basrah: Basra[h], Omar & Omar 35105 (K); Ambadi Basra, Graham 535 (BM); Garma inter Basra et Qurna, Rechinger 15815 . Al-Chibayish: Al-Chibayish [as Chabaish], Thamer 50106 (K). Unknown: Maqil, Rechinger 8451 ; Kabajish, Springfield 12545 (US). Italy. Venice: Venice, Eggert s.n. . Kenya. Coast: Malindi, Banks of Sabaki Riv., Bogdan 2605 (UC). Rift Valley: Mile 5 from the Sobo Rd.-Galana Riv. turnoff, Greenway & Kanuri 12759 (P); West Shore of Lake Baringo, Bogdan 4102 ; W side of Lake Baringo, Burney & Burney B66 (NY); Masai Distr: N end of Lake Natron, SW of Shombole Mt., Milne\u2013Redhead & Taylor 7010 . Madagascar. Mahajanga: Ambohimena , Bosser 8357 (P); Marovoay, Perrier de la B\u00e2thie 11216 (P). Toliara: Antanimora (Pce. du Fort-Dauphin), Decary 4636 (P); Vohitany, Bosser 15614 (P); Vohitany, Bekily, Bosser 15686 (P); Ambovombe, Decary s.n. (P); Beloha-Ranolava (Tsihombe), Zolotarevsky 2623\u201337 (P). Malawi. Polambe plain near Rjalo Island, Jackson 582 ; Dwangwa Riv., Jackson 1111 (K); Fort Johnston, Jackson s.n. (P). Mozambique. Inhambane: San Sebastian, Mogg 29142 (PRE). Maputo: Maputo [as Lourenco Marques], entre a Costa do Sol e Vila Luiza, a 5 km da vila, Fidalgo de Carvalho 1446 (MO); Maputo [as L. Marques], estrada para a Costa do Sol, Balsinhas 656 (B); Inhaca Island, 23 mi.E of Lourenco Marques, Mogg 29850 (PRE); Inhaca Island, Mogg 29799 (MO). Sofala: Beira, Hitchcock 24410 (US). Myanmar. Bago: Bago [as \u201cPegu\u201d], Kurz 1105 (K). Namibia. Caprivi: Asheshe area, ca. 2 km S of Asheshwe village, Ward 36 (PRE). Hardap: Gibeon: 63 km N of Tses along Marietal-Keetmanshhop Hwy, Davidse & Loxton 6342 ; Farm HelmerPageBreakinghausen, Kinges 2198 (PRE); NNW of Maltah\u00f6he on Rd. D850 to B\u00fcllspoort [Bullsport], Smook 9338 (US). Karas: Along Hwy B4, ca. 62 Road km E of Goageb, ca. 40 Road km SW of Keetmanshoop, along Fish Riv., ca. 100 m N of bridge over river, just downstream from cement irrigation channel over river, Snow & Burgoyne 7176 ; Hardap Region, 34.4 road km N on C14 from junction of C14/C13, between Helmeringhausen and Maltah\u00f6he, Snow & Burgoyne 7196 ; 27 km W of Maltahohe on Rd. no. 36 to Sesriem, Ellis 4779 (PRE). Kohmas: Neudam Exp. Farm, Van Vuuren 1033 ; In vlei at Ludwein near Windhoek, Liebenberg 5074 (UC). Kunene: Etosha Game Park, 11 mi.N of Okandeka waterhold, Tinley 1202 (K); Etosha N.P., 8 km n\u00fcrdlich von Okaukuejo am Weg nach Okondeka, Giess & M\u00fcller 13960 ; Estosha Game Park border, Ekuma Riv., Tinley 1140 (K). Ohangwena: Ovamboland Nature Reserve, de Winter & Giess 6916 (K) Okavango: Klein Omuramba 5 mi.E of Runth, de Winter 4076 (K). Omaheke: Farm Omupanda, 8 km E of Hochveld, Gibbs Russell & Smook 5356 (K) and 5357 (PRE). Oshana: Ondangua, Soini s.n. (H). Oshikoto: Oniipa, Soini s.n. (H). Otjozondjupa: Sonop Research Stn, Strohbach 2309 (K); 35.3 mi. SW of Taumeb on road to Otavi, de Winter 2916 (K); 27 km W of Maltahohe on Rd. no. 36 to Sesriem, Ellis 4779 (PRE); Farm Tjo Noord, 25 km E of Kalkveld, Gibbs Russell and Smook 5248 (K); Waterberg Omuramba, Volk 1420 (US). Region unknown: Ab loco, Felmer 456 (US). Niger. Zinder: Zinder, Hagerup 576 . Region unknown: Point Sabonjari, Boudet 5040 (P). Nigeria. Bornu: North Eastern State, Baga Lake Chad Border, Wit et al. 1474 (MO); N of Mardufuri, de Leeun 1896 (P). Pakistan. Punjab: ca. 10 mi. from Lahore on way to Baidyan, Qaiser 3551 . Papua New Guinea. Western: Mainland, opposite Daru Island, Brass 6065 ; Near Bula Village, at mouth of Morehead Riv., Pullen 7029 ; near Mabaduan Hill, 50 km WSW of Daru, Paijmans 1501 (CANB). Philippines. Luzon: Manila, Merrill 554a ; Hot Springs, Los Ba\u00f1os, Gates 6348 (KSC); Los Ba\u00f1os, Merrill 5104 ; Los Ba\u00f1os, Williams 2027 ; Manila, Santos 27 (US); Barrio Tanuk, Buluan Marsh, SE bank of Buluan Lake, Vera Santos 5969 . Pampanga: Masantol, \u201cFishery Student\u201d s.n. (PNH). Saudi Arabia [provinces unknown]; km 106, Makkah by-pass, Collenette 3938 (K); Al-Taif, Al-Hada region, ca. 20 km from Al-Taif, Fayed 1151 (K). Senegal. Dakar: Hann, Adam 14090 (MO); Rufisque, Rte de Mbour, Adam 2273 (MO); Dakar Bongo, Audru 2783 (P); Rufisque, Route de M\u2019Bour, Adam 2273 (MO). Kaolak: Ravin des Voleurs, Berhaut 3784 (P); Kaolak, Trochain 4035 (P); Kaolak, Berhaut 626 (P). Louga: Menguil\u00e9, Ferlo, Mosnier 2405 (P). Saint-Louis: St. Louis, Berhaut 2813 (P); St. Louis, Khor Marshes, Hepper 3613 (P); Tiguet, Audru 2938 (P); N\u2019Diael, Audru 2982 (P). Unknown: Mbidjem, rive W du Tanma, Raynal 6559 (P). Singapore. Perak, Ag. Officer 35646 (BM). South Africa. Cape Districts : Beaufort West Distr., Farm Layton, Shearing 267 (K); Dist. Swellendam, Nat. Bontebok Park, Liebenberg 7204 (K); Near Riversdale, Muir 2859 (K); Gordonia, Kalahri Bemgsbok N.P., Leistner 1017 (K); Ft. Beaufort, between Ulster and Mooiriver, Smook 4033 (K); Dist. East London, Bulura Mouth, Eacocks 15785 (K); PageBreakDunswart, near Johannesburg, Moss 13959 (K); Duivenhoksrivier, 10 km NW of Vermaaklikheid on road to Heidelberg, Davidse 33779A (MO); Springbok Dist., Namaqualand, top of Wildeperdehoek Pass SW of Springbok, Goldblatt 2820 (MO); Piquetberg, Liedenberg 4266 (UC); Upington, Gordonia Distr., Liebenberg 4163 ; Buffelsrivier valley between Pedroskloof and Bobbejaanhoek on road to Rooifontein, Davidse 33309 (MO); 10 km S of Humansdorp on road to Cape St. Francis, Davidse 33626 (MO); NW...on Holbakrivier in small port, Smook 3858 ; Carnarvon, Acock 1737 (US); Cape of Good Hope at Douglas Heights, NW of Grahamstown, Godfrey and Storey SH\u20131362 (US); Hardenbeck Riv. dam cistern on Excelsior Farm, Hugo 2286 ; Farm Lemoenkop 337, ca. 2 km N of Lemoenkop farmhouse, just S of True Beacon 25 in drainage channel, Le Roux & Lloyd 94 (PRE); Nat. Kalahari Gembsbokpark, Liebenberg 7080 (PRE); Obobogorap, ca. 120 mi. NW of Upington, Leistner 1781 (PRE); Nat. Bontebok Park, Liebenberg 7204 (PRE); Kleinemonde, Ward 8897 (PRE); (Ubombo) Lower Mkuze floodplain, Ward 8785 (K); Paterson, 2 km off main road to Addo, Smook 3768 ; 53 km SE of Graaff Reinet on small running stream below homestead, Smook 3896 ; Karoo N.P., Doornhoek, Bengis 462 (PRE); Grootfontein, Theron 701 (PRE); Beaufort West Distr., Farm Layton, Shearing 380 (PRE); Kalahari Gembsbok Park, Mata\u2013Mata, Van Rooyen and Bredenkamp 115 (CM); Kaffraria, Burtt\u2013Davy 12786 (PRE). Free State: 8 km from Luckhoff on road to Jacobsdal, Smook & Gibbs Russell 2456 (K); Boskop (363) langs Petrusburg\u2013Boshofpad, Muller 1304 (K); Small pan just S of Mayhem Pan, Edwards 4159 (K); 11 km from Petrusburg on road to Boshof, Smook & Gibbs Russell 2498 ; 23 km from Petrusburg on road to Boshof at Modder Riv. Bridge, Smook & Gibbs Russell 2501 ; 5 km from Bultfontein on road to Brandfort, Ellis 3653 (PRE); Bloemfontein, du Preez 1884 (PRE); ca. 10 km W of Odendaalsrus, Smook 6501 (BRI); 25 km from Luckhoff on road to Phillipolis, Smook 2879 (PRE); 5 km from Bultfontein on road to Brandfort, Smook 2728a (PRE); Distr. Harrismith, Mont Pelaan, Ferreira F212 (P); Mont Pelaan, Harrismith, Ferreira 212 (P). Gauteng: Benoni, Bradfield T371 (PRE). Kwazulu-Natal: Bridge over St Lucia Estuary, Ellis 3410 (PRE); St. Lucia Lake, Hlabisa, Zululand, Liebenberg 5903 (UC); South Coast, Pole\u2013Evans 778 (PRE); Bridge over St Lucia Estuary, Ellis 3410 (PRE); Falce Bay Park, Ward 7724 (PRE); Bartlow Combine bay Hluhluwe Wildtuin, 24 km van Mkuzi op pad na Mtubatuba, draai na Weste vir 20 km, du Toit 660 (PRE). Limpopo: Kruger N.P., Malongafontein, Ellis 1908 (PRE); 13 km SE of Chrissiesmeer, Smook 4905 (K); On Farm Mosdene, Distr. Naboomspoint, Liebenberg 4424 (UC); Dist. Bloemhof, SA Lombard Nature Reserve, Leistner 78 (K); Kruger N.P., Malongafontein, Davidse 5875 ; Kruger N.P., Malongafontein, Ellis 1908 (PRE); Kruger N.P., Shingwidzi rest camp, Oakes 1455 (US); Kruger N.P. 19 mi. NE of Skukuza, De Winter and Codd 560 ; Kruger N.P., near Malonga Spring, Oakes 1483 (US); Wanetzi, Van der Schyff 508 (PRE); 23 mi. SE of Punda Maria, De Winter & Codd 674 ; Mosdene farm Naboomspruit [Mookgophong], Germishuizen 42 (PRE); Naboomspruit, Schweickerdt 1791 (BM); 2 mi. N of Rust der Winter Dam, De Winter & Codd 248 . MpumaPageBreaklanga: 3 km from Lake Chrissie near the shore of the lake, Loxton 398 (PRE). North West: Beneath spillway of small  earthen dam, located below N side of road ca. 50 m, on N14 Hwy, 4.1 road km E of Kuruman, Snow & Burgoyne 7108 ; 11 mi. NNE of Lichtenbrug on road to Koster, Scheepers 1495 ; W of Biessiesvlie, Farm Holfontein, Smook 6628 ; Knopfontein 101 IP, near Coligny, Pan no. 7, Allan 117 (PRE); Knopfontein 101 IP, Pan no. 7, Allan 134 ; Bloemhof, Lombard Nature Reserve, Gemsbokpan, Leistner 2108 ; Bloemhoef, Lombard Nature Reserve, Jeffers 400 (PRE), Lombard Nature Reserve, Oeistner 78 (BM). Unknown: Malathlopanga, Van der Schyff 5658 ; W of Biessiesvlei, Farm Holfontein, Smook 6228 . Sri Lanka. Jaffna: Near Ampan, Clayton 5236 ; ca. 4 mi.NW of Jaffna, along the coastal road, Davidse & Sumithraarachchi 9119 ; Keerimalai to Point Pedro, Clayton 5201 ; Near Chavakachcheri, Clayton 5255 . Mannar: Mantai, Davidse & Sumithraarachchi 9174 . Puttalam: Puttalam, sea front, Clayton 5664 ; Puttalam, sea front, Clayton 5665 (US); Trincomalee Dist., ca. 5 mi. due S of Tamaivillu, Davidse 7581 . Province Unknown: ca. 4 mi. NE of Hambantota, marker 154/4, Gould 13458 (US). Switzerland. Sk\u00e5ne, Lackal\u00e4nge, Furuland, Blom s.n. (US). Taiwan. Little Quemoy, Chuang 4459 . Tanzania. Arusha: Sanya Plain, Arusha\u2013Moshi, Leippert 6455 (M); Ngorogoro Crater, Greenway & Kanuri 12535 (P); Ngorogoro Crater floor, Gorigor swamp, western end, Raynal 19521 (P); Ngorogoro Crater, Heady 1517 (UC); Tituski Riv. near Lake Magadi, Greenway & Turner 10043 (US); Nyumba ya Munga Lake, at Magadini fishing village, Mhoro & Back\u00e9us 2025 (MO). Mara: Musoma Distr., Mbalageti Riv., Greenway 9027 . Mbeya: Ikoga, 100 mi. SW of Iringo, Heady 1871 . Rukwa: Lake Rukwa, Bullock 3439 (B); Near Kampunda, Bullock 3605 (US). Tanga: Mkomazi Valley, Semsei 3964 (P). Province Unknown: Lake Rukwa Extension, Michelmore 738 (US); Milepa, Lake Rukwa, Michelmore 1418 ; SW Serengeti Plains, headwaters of the Mbalangeti Riv., Greenway et al. 13183 ; Northern Province, Scout 618 (NY). Thailand. Paknam, S\u00f8rensen et al 2038 ; Ab. loc., Kerr 16107 ; Hua Hiss, Kerr 16126 ; Tachin, Kerr 8975a (K); Palanam, Kerr 20441 ; Paknam, S\u00f8rensen et al. 98 (K); Paknam, S\u00f8rensen et al. 2035 ; Tacheen, near Bankok, Marcan 1812 (BM); Kao Tao, Kerr 16183 . Uganda. Butiaba, Lake Albert, Greenway & Eggeling 7047 (K). United Kingdom. Barming, Mason J/67/K1 (K); Blackmoor, N. Hants, Lousley 1348 ; Charlton, Webster 8899  and Webster 2053 (K); Blackmoor fruit farm, grown on at Ware, Herts, Hanson 162 (BM); Blackmoor, Wurzell 1086 (MO) and Lousley 2914 (K) and Lousley 3008 (K) and Webster 7005 (K). United States of America. California: Kern Co., Isabella Lake bed, old Kern Riv. channel ca. 1/4 mi.S of of the old Borel Canal Bridge, Twisselmann 6491 (MO). Santa Barbara Co., San Jose Ck. at Southern Pacific RR crossing, Goleta, Pollard s.n. (MO). Yolo Co., 2 mi.SW of Knight\u2019s Landing, Rose 69041 . South Carolina: Berkeley Co., Santee Wool Combing Mill, Jameston on SC Rte 45, PageBreakAhles & Haesloop 53442 (NCU); ibid., Ahles & Haesloop 47048 (NCU); ibid., Ahles & Haesloop 52773 (NCU); ibid., Ahles & Haesloop 43027 (NCU). Florence Co., Wellman Wool Combing Mill, N of Johnsonville on SC Rt. 41, Ahles 42895 ; ibid., Ahles 42984 (NCU), Ahles & Haesloop 30873 (NCU), and Ahles & Haesloop 30876 (NCU), and Ahles 42895 (OKL). Yemen. Rada, Westinga 3 (K); just N of Rada, Wood 3207 . Uruguay. San Jos\u00e9: Rio San Jos\u00e9, Puerto Tres Bocas, Rosengurtt B\u20137316 (P). Zambia. Kabwe: Kakumbasa Riv., Verboom 3185 (K). Senanga: Barotseland, Mulonga and Siloana plains, Verboom 1125 . Districts unconfirmed: Kafue flats, Magabuka, Astle 1404 (K) and Greenway 6228 (K); Monze, near Lochinvar, Rensburg 2707 (K); Lochinvar estates, Trapnell 1112 (K); Fort Jameson, Van Rensburg 2135 (B); Kafue N.P., Mitchell 24/42 ; Muckle Neuk, 12 mi.N of Choma, Robinson 587 (M); 12 mi. N of Choma, Robinson 2857 ; Njeju Game Reserve, Verboom 749 ; Kakumbasa Riv., Kabwe rural, Verboom 3185 (MO); Lake Chisi, E of Mwera wa Ntipa, Michelmore 428 (K). Zimbabwe. Gwampa Forest Reserve, Goldsmith 10/56 ; Lower Sabi District, Rattray 1235 ; Shashi Irrigation Scheme, 12 mi. SE of Tuli, Drummond 5924 (BM); Sentinel Ranch, some 12 mi. N of Pazhi\u2013Limpopo confluence, Drummond 5982 (BM); Beaufort West, Bleak House Farm, Gibbs Russell et al. 370 (MO); Ft. Beaufort, 3226 DD Alice, \u201cWoodstock\u201d H. E. Matthews\u2019 farm, Giffen 1624 (MO).Taxon classificationPlantaePoalesPoaceae(Benth.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow. Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2012.DiplachnemuelleriLeptochloamuelleri (Benth.) Stace, Watsonia 18: 413. 1991. Leptochloafuscasubsp.muelleri (Benth.) N. Snow, Novon 8: 78. 1998. Diplachnefusca(L.)Kunthvar.muelleri (Benth.) J.M. Black, Fl. S. Austr. 1: 76. 1922. Diplachnefusca(L.)Kunthvar.muelleri (Benth.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Phytoneuron 2012-72: 2. 2012, isonym, nom. inval. Benth., Fl. Austral. 7: 619. 1878. AUSTRALIA. Northern Territory: Charlotte Waters, Giles s.n., Herb. Wm. Munro .PageBreakPageBreakSpikelets 10\u201314 mm long, mostly imbricate; florets 8\u201313; callus glabrous; lower glumes (2.4\u2013)3.3\u20134.7 mm long, narrowly ovate or somewhat irregularly asymmetric, glabrous, obtuse to acute apically; upper glumes 4\u20135.4 mm long, ovate, glabrous, obtuse and sometimes bifid; lemmas 4.7\u20135.8 mm long, 3-nerved, ovate, pale or smoky white, the lateral nerves pronounced and excurrent or not, sericeous to densely velutinous on lower 1/3\u20132/3 of lateral nerves, the midnerve usually somewhat less pubescent, apex acute, often bifid, mostly awnless or mucronate; paleas subequal to slightly exceeding lemma, obovate to narrowly ovate, sericeous to velutinous along lower 1/2 to 2/3 of nerves (hairs often diverging widely at maturity); apex obtuse to acute. Stamens 3; anthers 0.5\u20130.7(\u20131.0) mm long, yellow. Caryopses 1.6\u20132.4 \u00d71.0\u20131.1 mm long, obovate in hilar profile, depressed obovate in transverse section, hilar groove lacking, smooth, brown; pericarp weakly adnate to the endosperm.Plants annual. Culms 15\u2013100 cm tall, 1.5\u20133.8 mm wide at base, round, cespitose, erect or rarely geniculate below and rooting at lower nodes, usually branching (sometimes profusely); nodes glabrous; internodes 1.5\u201318 cm long, soft, hollow. Leaf sheaths longer or shorter than internodes, glabrous on sides and margins; ligules (1.5\u2013)5\u20137.5 mm long; blades (3.5\u2013)7\u201325 long \u00d70.2\u20130.5 cm wide, scabrous above, scabrous to nearly glabrous below. Panicles 5\u201335 \u00d72\u20137 cm, partially inserted below with 5\u201316 branches; the branches (0.7\u2013)2\u20139(13) cm long, alternate or sometimes subopposite, ascending to erect, rigid, glabrous to minutely scabrous, axils glabrous. PageBreakD.fuscasubsp.fascicularis.Voucher: Badman 675 (CANB) . Description as per Not examined.Unknown.Flowering January through October.Native: Widespread across inland Australia, particularly the central regions; wet areas such as streambanks, around boreholes, and swamps, in a variety of soil types  Elevation from near sea level, upper elevation unconfirmed. Non-native: TDWG: SWI; not confirmed.Least Concern  due to iNamed after German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller (1825\u20131896).Mueller sprangletop; Mueller beetlegrass, Sugar Grass .Diplachnefuscasubsp.muelleri is most easily recognised by the relatively narrow panicles, which are largely inserted at their bases and the presence of inflorescences at most points of branching on the culms. The mature lemmas often have a dark spot at the base at maturity, are relatively broad, flattened and the dense trichomes along the nerves typically spread widely at maturity.Diplachnefuscasubsp.muelleri most closely resembles D.f.subsp.fascicularis by virtue of the lower inflorescence branches that typically remain inserted at the bases, PageBreakespecially from lateral inflorescences. However, the upper glumes are generally much broader than the primarily North American subspecies.D.fuscasubsp.fusca, another native Australian subspecies, but which recurs sometimes in the American subspecies fascicularis. The relatively short spikelets of Lazarides 4381 (CANB), Chippendale 2036 (CANB), Hubbard & Winders 6263 , coupled with inserted, narrow panicles, suggest hybridisation between between D.fuscasubsp.muelleri and fusca.Another occasional trait is a pronounced magenta to purplish mottling of the leaf sheaths , which typically is absent in This subspecies is a relatively short-lived annual, whose relative abundance is often associated with the vagaries of water availability, particularly along watercourses and bores (=wells). The label of Symon 5617  states the specimen grew relatively close to the hottest water emerging from the bore (ca. 110\u00b0F / 42\u00b0C). Cattle will graze the foliage and pastured horses eagerly consumed freshly collected specimens when offered (Snow pers. obs. 1996).Australia. New South Wales: Tero Ck Station, Martensz G 308 (MU). Along road between White Cliffs\u2013Tero Ck. Station, Martensz 4494 (CANB); Near Goonery Bore, 65 mi.E of Wanaaring, Moore 5785 ; ca. 35 km NW of Milparinka, Hawker\u2019s Gate Rd., Jacobs 3510 (BRI); 39 km from Brewarrina towards Collerina, Dunlop 933 (CANB); 11 km from Brewarrina towards Collerina, Dunlop 915 (CANB); \u201cMt. Mulyah\u201d, ca. 50 mi. NW of South, Moore 5010 (CANB); Calindary Station, Libke 4479 (CANB); Tero Ck. Stn., Martensz 2320 (CANB). Northern Territory: Burt Plain, 33 mi.N of Alice Springs, Must 487 ; Ruby Gorge, Hale Riv., ca. 70 mi. ENE of Alice Springs, Beauglehole 20735 (BRI); Heavitree Range, Ormiston Gorge, Beauglehole 45280 (BRI); Twin Bore, Todd Riv. station, Latz 812 (BRI); 1 mi. S Long waterhole, Coniston Station, Latz 1192 ; Busrt Ck., 36.5 mi. N of Alice Springs, Nelson 1653 ; 24 mi. S of Barrow Ck., Perry 5352 ; Heavitree Range, Ormiston Gorge, Beauglehole 45280 (BRI); North West Simpson Desert, Latz 4642 (CANB); Twin Bore, Todd Riv. Station, Latz 812 (BRI); Burt Plain, 33 km N of Alice Springs, Must 487 ; Andado, Buckley 1280 (CANB); Palm Valley, Chippendale 2669 ; ca. 8 km SW of Mt. Conner, Carr & Beauglehole 1959 (CANB); Coolata Springs, 30 mi. SSE of Mt. Ebenezer Station, Lazarides 6194 ; Emily Gap, 10 mi. E of Alice Springs Township, Lazarides 5329 ; 1/2 mi. S of Yambah Station, Lazarides 5192 (CANB); Petermann Bore, Tempe Downs Station, Henry 558 (CANB); Livingstone Pass, Petermann Ranges, Carolin 6300 10 mi. SW Alice Springs, Swinbourne 792 (CANB); Mt. Denison Station, Martin 40 (CANB); ca. 13 km SSW of Alice Springs, Pullen 10525 (CANB); 24 km S of Barrow Ck. Township, Perry 5352 ; 28 mi. NNE of Alice Springs, Perry 3340 ; 5 mi. S Alice Springs, Paige s.n. (CANB); Bloodwood Bore (No. 25) 46 km SW Brunette, Must 516 (CANB); 5 km E Old Coniston Homestead, Latz 1170 ; 8 km NNE of Willowra Homestead, Latz 1250 (CANB); 65.5 mi. NNW of Old Andado Homestead, Beauglehole 27805 (BRI); 9 PageBreakmi. W of Old Andado Homestead, Beauglehole 27998 (BRI); 8 km SW of Mount Conner, Beauglehole 45738 (BRI); George Gill Range, Kings Canyon, along Kings Ck., Beauglehole 20294 (CANB); Alice Springs Airport entrance, Nelson 2067 (BRI); 28 mi. NNE of Alice Springs Township, Perry 3340 (BRI); Deep Well Rd., 13 mi. S Alice Springs, Nelson 1832 (BRI); Palm Valley, Beauglehole 10351 (BRI); Palm Valley, Chippendale 2036 (CANB); Ruby Gorge, Hale Riv., ca. 70 mi. ENE of Alice Springs, Beauglehole 20735 (BRI); 1 mi. S of Long Waterhole, Coniston Station, Latz 1192 . Queensland: Burke Dist., Sandhurst Bore, Millungera Station, Blake & Lazarides 4783 . Darling Downs Dist., 16.5 km SE of Cunningham Hwy on Glenarbon Rd., NE of Texas, Snow & Simon 7311 . Gregory North Dist., W side of Lake Phillipi, Kamaran Downs Station, ca. 60 km W of Bedourie, Edmunds KN2 (BRI); 30\u201335 mi. S of Bedouire, Blake 12307 . Gregory South Dist., Coochie bore, 55 km NW of Birdsville, Edmnuds AD62 (BRI); Earlstown between Quilpie and Windorah, Blake 5459 (BRI), Mulligan\u2013Eyre Survey, Gasteen 11 (BRI); Between Betoota and Birdsville, Peart 1720 (BRI). Maranoa Dist., Boatman Station; \u201cBluebush Swamp\u201d, Everist 2857 . Mitchell Dist., Near Lochnagar, Blake 10322 ; Geera, E of Barcaldine, Blake 10371 ; Walrus V, Site G215, just S of Lake Mueller, ca. 29 km NE of Aramac on Lake Dunn Rd., McDonald 2672 (BRI). Warrego Dist., ca. 14 km N of Thargomindah, Fairfax 1273 & Kemp (BRI); On Paroo Riv. channels, 7 km N of Hungerford, Eberson E202 (BRI). \u201cGilruth Plains\u201d, Allen 269 (CANB); \u201cCurragh\u201d Station, near Cunnamulla, Hubbard & Winders 6263 ; Eulo, White 11575 (K). South Australia: in the hot water from Murnpeowie flowing bore, Symon 5617 ; Northern margin of Margaret Ck., ca. 30 km W of Coward Spring Railway Station, Weber 8769 ; Between Camp and Rotten Swamp ca. 12 km NW of Quinyambie Homestead, Whibley 3587 (NY); Region 2, Lake Eyre Basin, Margeret Ck., near Curdimurka, Badman 492 (CANB); 16 km NE of Marree on the Birdsville Track, Badman 730 ; 1 km S of Anna Ck. HS, 16 km W of William Ck., Badman 1263 (BRI); Region 2, Lake Eyre Basin, N Lake Talinnie, O\u2019Malley 374 (BRI); 34 km S of William Ck., Beauglehole 28112 (BRI); ca. 40 km W of Marree and 9 km in a southerly direction off the main road to William Ck., Weber 9671 (BRI); Lake Eyre South, Sales and lower slopes of sandhills S of the lake, Badman 488 (CANB); Region 4: Gairdner\u2013Torrens, Bates 16944 (CANB); Region 2: Lake Eyre Basin, Callanna Ck., 15 km W of Marree, Badman 378 (CANB); Region 2: Lake Eyre Basin, 4 km SE of Coward Springs, Badman 675 (CANB); Region 2: Lake Eyre Basin, km SE of Nunns Bore 28 km SE of William Ck., Badman 1876 (CANB); N of Marree, Lake Harry, McKean APG3 (CANB); Clayton Riv.... 50 km (ca. 30 mi) NE of Marree, Lothian L2011 (B); Near Queensland border, ca. 15 km NE of Innamincka, Whibley 2480 (B); Region 2: Lake Eyre Basin, Marree\u2013Oodnadatta Rd., 42 km by road NW of William Ck., Donner 9870 (MEL); Lake Eyre Basin, 5 km E of Strzelecik Ck crossing, Williams 8023 . Victoria: Near Mt. Everard, Giles s.n. (MEL). Western Australia: ca. 20 km E of Mulga Downs Headquartes, Mitchell PRP263 (BRI); Bore, 6.4 km W of Mongral Downs, Dunlop 2119 (BRI); 28 mi. E PageBreakof Windidda, Eremean Prov., Speck 1269 ; Donkey Well, Yoothapina Station, Cranfield 5557 (CANB); Hadji Well, near Lake Way, Craven 5392 (CANB); Bore, 6.4 km W of Mongral Downs, Dunlop 219 (BRI); Bore, 6.4 km W of Mongral Downs, Dunlop 2119 (BRI); 28 mi. E of Windidda, Speck 1269 ; Donkey Well, Yoothapina Station, Cranfiedl 5557 (CANB): Hadji Well, near Lake Way, Craven 5392 (CANB). Switzerland. Derendingen, Probst 8902 .Taxon classificationPlantaePoalesPoaceae(Lam.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2012.FestucafascicularisDiplachnefascicularis (Lam.) P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 81, 160, pl. 16, f. 9. 1812. Cynodonfascicularis (Lam.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 5: 303. 1825. Festucaaquatica Bosc ex Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 615. 1817. Nom. inval. pro syn. Diplachnefascicularis P. Beauv. Diplachneaquatica Bosc ex Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 615. 1817. Nom. inval. Leptochloafuscasubsp.fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow, Novon 8: 78. Diplachnefusca(L.)Kunthvar.fascicularis (Lam.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Phytoneuron 2012-72: 2. 2012. Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 189. 1791. FestucapolystachyaLeptochloa polystachya (Michx.) Kunth, R\u00e9vis. Gramin. 1: 91. 1829. Type. U.S.A., Illinois, A. Michaux s.n. . Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 66. 1803. FestucatexanaType. United States of America, Texas. T. Drummond 387 (holotype: P [P032675]!).  Steud., Syn Pl. Glumac. 1: 310. 1854. FestucathouiniType. West Indies, Ins. Antillae in Domingo, A. Thouin ). This specimen (see previous) also was annotated incorrectly as a lectotype . Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1862: 94. 1862. DiplachnetracyiLeptochloatracyi (Vasey) Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2: 436. 1896. Type. United States of America. Nevada. Reno, 1887, SM Tracy . Uncertainty has surrounded the correct type citation (Leptochloatracyi (Vasey) Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2: 436 (1896), believed lectotypification was necessary given the citation of two collections  in the work by Beal. However, Vasey\u2019s description included a description of the newly proposed species, in addition to citation of a specimen collected by Tracy and made no reference to Palmer\u2019s collection, so lectotypification was unnecessary. Zanoni ([NY-1144033]) in 2010 also made reference to this on an annotation slip. Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 40. 1888. citation : 253. ThDiplachneprocumbensDiplachneuninerviaArechav.var.procumbens Parodi, Revista Fac. Agron. Veterin. (Buenos Aires) 6: 37. 1927. Type. ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires, Feb. 1892, Spegazzini s. n. . Arechav., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 414. 1894. FestucaprocumbensDiachroaprocumbens (Muhl.) Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2., 5: 147. 1837. Nom. illeg. Diplachneprocumbens (Muhl.) Nash, Man. Fl. N. States 128: 1901. Hom. illeg. pro Diplachneprocumbens Arechav., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 414. 1894. Festucaprostrata Muhl. ex Scribn. and Merr., U.S.D.A. Div. Agrost. Circ. 27: 5. 1900. Nom. inval. pro syn. Festucaprostrata Muhl. Type. Habitat in Carolina, Elliott ]. Muhl., Descr. Gram. 160. 1817. Nom. nud. DiplachneacuminataLeptochloaacuminata (Nash) Mohlenbr., Ill. Fl. Illinois, 293. 1973. Leptochloafascicularis(Lam.)A. Grayvar.acuminata (Nash) Gleason, Phytologia 4(1): 21. 1952. Type. United States of America. Kansas. Riley Co., Manhattan, 19 July 1892, CH Thompson s.n. . Sources indicating the specimen is holotype are incorrect given that no specimen was cited in the protologue; lectotypificatoin is thus needed. Nash in Britton, Man. Fl. N. States and Canada 128. 1901. DiplachnemaritimaLeptochloafascicularis(Lam.)A. Grayvar.maritima (E.P. Bicknell) Gleason, Phytologia 4(1): 21. 1952. Type. United States of America. Massachussetts: Nantucket Island, sandy shores of Sachacha Pond, Sep. 16 1899, EP Bicknell s.n. . Lectotypification is necessary because individual specimens were not cited in the protologue. E.P. Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35(4): 195. 1908. TridensveralensisType. CUBA. Prov. de Pinar del Rio: Guanahacabibes, El Veral, Catasus 298 . Cat. Guerra, Act. Bot. Cub. 4: 4. 1980. D. Richard s.n. .\u201cSouth America\u201d, PageBreakous, minutely scabrous, the axils glabrous. Spikelets 5\u201312 mm long, distant to mostly imbricate; florets 6\u201312; callus glabrous; lower glumes 2\u20133 mm long, narrowly ovate or somewhat asymmetric, scabrous on midnerve, acute to aristate and occasionally short-awned; upper glumes 2.5\u20135.0 mm long, elliptic to ovate, scabrous on midnerve, obtuse, aristate, or short-awned; lemmas 2.5\u20135 mm long, narrowly ovate, light brown or smoky white at maturity, the lateral nerves pronounced and extending to edges often as small teeth, sparsely sericeous along lateral nerves and often midnerve, glabrous between nerves, apex acute to attenuate, often mucronate or with awns to 3.5 long; paleas elliptic, generally subequal to lemma, sericeous along nerves; apex acute to obtuse. Stamens 3; anthers 0.2\u20130.5 mm long, yellow. Caryopses 1\u20132 mm long, 0.8\u20131.0 mm wide, elliptic to obovate in hilar profile, transversely elliptic in transverse section, hilar groove lacking, smooth, brown; pericarp weakly adnate to the endosperm.Annuals. Culms (3.5\u2013)15\u2013130 cm tall, 1\u20135(\u20138) mm wide at base, round, ascending to erect  3\u201318 cm long, soft, hollow. Leaf sheaths mostly longer than the internodes, round or somewhat flattened, glabrous on sides and margins; ligules (2\u2013)5\u20137 mm long; blades 3\u201345 cm \u00d72.5\u20137 mm, usually sparsely scabrous above and below. Panicles (1.5\u2013)10\u201372 \u00d7(1\u2013)4\u201322 cm, generally partially included below at maturity with 3\u201335 branches; branches (0.5\u2013)3\u201322 cm long, alternate along the rachis, erect, ascending, or occasionally divergent, rigid or slightly flexuPrimary bundles: protruding adaxially or not; protruding abaxially; outer bundle sheath interrupted adaxially and abaxially; extension cells present adaxially; adaxial sclerenchyma present as girders or strands; abaxial sclerenchyma present as girders; adaxial cells of primary bundle sheath cells enlarged; abaxial cells of primary bundle sheath cells not enlarged. Colourless cells present between primary and secondary bundles; chlorenchyma continuous or discontinuous between adjacent bundles. Secondary bundles: protruding adaxially or not; flush abaxially; outer bundle sheath continuous or interrupted abaxially; adaxial sclerenchyma present as girders or strands; abaxial sclerenchyma present as girders.Midrib present; central lucunae present. PageBreakInternodes hollow. Inner sclerenchymatous ring present. Peripheral sclerenchymatous ring present. Peripheral sclerenchymatous girders connected to the outermost vascular bundles absent. Intervascular peripheral sclerenchymatous pillars not associated with outermost vascular bundles absent. Inner sclerenchymatous ring canal tissue present. Kranz sheath cells absent. Kranz sheath cell canal tissue absent. Vascular bundles nested in outer portion of Kranz sheath cell canals absent. Sclerenchymatous rings surrounding vascular bundles located inside inner sclerenchymatous ring absent. Sclerenchymatous rings (5\u201310 cells thick) surrounding outermost primary vascular bundles absent. Phloem not divided.n=20  north to Ontario, Canada, occurring irregularly to about 40\u00b0S in Argentina. : BLZ, COS, HON; 81: BAH, CAY, CUB, DOM, HAI, JAM, LEE-NL, LEE-VI, TCI; 82: VEN; 83: BOL, COL; 84: BZC, BZE, BZL, BZS; 85: AGE, AGW, AGW, PAR. Non-native: TDWG: CZE. Collected once from a railyard in Vancouver, British Columbia but not persisting . Possible occurrences in Saskatchewan and Quebec have not been confirmed.Southern Canada (infrequently) through USA (where most common) south sporadically to Paraguay. The transition between the native and non-native distribution of Least Concern , given iPossibly in reference to the fasciculate (bundled or clustered) arrangement of the lower panicle branches before they are exserted from the sheath.bearded diplachne; salt meadow grass; zacate salado lagunero; salado fasciculado.Diplachnetracyi Vasey, have narrow, relatively long and somewhat cylindrical spikelets (e.g. the type specimen), but since this spikelet morphology recurs in the species complex from parts of Africa and Australia and is narrowly distributed, this variant is unworthy of taxonomic recognition. Those specimens may be waifs of D.f.subsp.fusca from the Paleotropics, but genetic analyses would be necessary to test this hypothesis. Some specimens from California (Twissleman 6491 [MO]) also closely resemble some forms of D.fuscasubsp.fusca.Specimens from Florida and the Bahamas typically have the shortest spikelets . On rare occasions, a specimen growing in a saturated soil may branch and root so vigorously at nodes that it appears to be stoloniferous (e.g. Fleetwood 12215 [SMU]). Older specimens from Reno, Nevada, identified as PageBreakDiplachneacuminata Nash in Britton has been recognised based on the relative elongation of glumes and lemmas and awned lemmas . Diplachnemaritima E.P. Bicknell was described based on its prostrate habit, more pronounced lemmatal awns and ecological occurrence in brackish coastal areas from Massachussetts to Florida  and around saline areas in Onondaga and Cayuga counties, New York . However, given that three of the four subspecies of Diplachnefusca, recognised in this treatment, have moderate to high levels of salinity tolerance (but little evidence for this with subsp. uninervia) and that populations with elongated awns often occur elsewhere, such as in the Distrito Federal and Estado de M\u00e9xico ; Villegas 585 [ENCB]; Rzedowski 20432 [ENCB], Schaffner 49 [W]), taxonomic recognition of specimens with longer than average lemmatal awns also is unwarranted.A morphotype in the United States described as Specimens have not been confirmed for this subspecies listed on websites from Sweden  and Poland .Diplachnefuscasubsp.facicularis is more widespread in North America than subsp. uninervia, although the latter is more invasive outside of its range (e.g. Snow & Simon 1999). Specimens morphologically intermediate beween D.f. subspp. fascicularis and uninervia occasionally are seen (Hitchcock 93 [TEX]), but the taxa maintain their distinct morphology in sympatry .D.fascicularis (as \u201cfascicularias\u201d) and placed Leptochloa into the tribe Chlorideae (D.fuscasubsp.fusca (as Diplachneparviflora). D.fusca and discussed its prominent air canal, but cited no voucher.lorideae , but theDiplachnefuscasubsp.fascicularis that generally differ from those of subsp. uninervia include: lower panicle branches inserted in sheath, a greater tendency for sheaths to be mottled with anthocyanins , the tip of the uppermost leaf blade often extending beyond the apex of the panicle and the lemmatal apices generally acute to acuminate and sometimes mucronate on the lateral nerves. Specimens of D.f.subsp.fascicularis with exserted panicles bearing relatively short, somewhat flexuous branches (Morello and Cuezzo 1124 [BAA])) can resemble Dinebrascabra (Nees) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow. Relatively erect specimens of Dinebraviscida (Scribn.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow are often confused for D.f.subsp.fascicularis where the species overlap, but the panicle length and width of the former are usually significantly shorter and the fresh foliage is slightly sticky or viscid.Characters of Argentina. Buenos Aires: Ptdo. de San Fernando, cerca dela estaci\u00f3n \u201cEl Delta\u201d, Hunziker 3561 (MO); Avellandeda, Venturi 209 ; Villa Elina, Cabrera 6321 (LP). Catamarca: Dpto. Capay\u00e1n, Ruta 60 (Km 1044) PageBreakentre San Martin y El Medano, Hunziker 21023 (NY); Dpto. Santa Mar\u00eda, Entre R\u00edos, Reales 1596 (BRIT). C\u00f3rdoba: Entre San Jos\u00e9 de la Esquina y San Ricardo, Birab\u00e9n 48 (LP). Salta: Cerca de Dragones, Ruta 81, Cabrera et al. 26544 (LP); Quebrada de las Conchas, Senn 4143 (MO). San Lu\u00eds: Dpto. Jun\u00edn, Bajo de Velis, Kurtz 8506 . Bahamas. Acklin: Along road south of Lovely Bay, Correll & Proctor 48872 . Great Inagua: Open gravel area by the \u201ctown pans\u201d, Dunbar 223 ; In mud of Grassy Pond, E of Morton Bahamas Ltd. headquarters, Correll 47401 (NY); In mud of sink at Horse Pond, just NE of Matthew Town, Correll 45812 (NY); In clumps in water of pond, Horse Pond, NE of Matthew Town, Correll 47549 (MO); Cleared portion of Maroon Hill, NE of Matthew Town, Gillis 12131 (A); Inaqua, water hole near airport runway, Gillis 11750 ; dry pond in algal mat, 2.5 mi.N of Mathew Town on road to salt works, Gillis & Proctor 11727 (A). Andros Island: North Andros, along Queens Hwy at Stafford Ck, at roadside, Jacobs s.n. (MU); The Bluff, Freid 06-713 (MU). Long Cay: South Side, Brace 4084 (NY). Long Island: A short distance NE of St. Paul\u2019s Church at the base of the slope, Clarence Town, Hill 2339 (MO); Edge of palmetto flat near Alligator Bay, Correll 48200 (NY); Millerton, Freid and Richley 98-423 (MU); Stella Maris, Fried and Richey 98-341 (MU). Grand Bahama: In ditch along road to dump, W of Freeport Airport, Correll & Correll 50942 (NY); Open moist area of Bucida spinosa marsh, W end of Freeport Airport, Correll and Kral 43008 (NY). New Providence Island: Near Nassau, Curtiss 176 ; Edge of freshwater marsh, SW Bay, Britton and Brace 504 (US). Great Exuma: Sink hole near Georgetown, Britton and Millspaugh 3108 . Cat Island: Orange Ck. and vicinity, Britton and Millspaugh 5719 (NY). Bolivia. Cochabamba: Prov. Mizque, Town of Mizque, wetland adjacent to the R\u00edo Mizque, near the intersection with the road to Aiquille, Ritter et al., 2119 (NHA); Prov. Cercado, City of Cochabamba, Laguna Alalay, Ritter 1674 (NHA). Bonaire (Nether Antilles). Back of the dam near Jatoe Bacoe, Stoffers 662 (A). Brazil. Bahia: Cachoiera, base of cliff in slimey water, Chase 8097 (US); Rio de Contas a Jequi\u00e9, Davidse et al. 11647 ; Iac\u00fa, Faz. Su\u00edbra (Boa Sorte), 18 km al este da cidade, Noblick 3655 (K); Mpio. Livramento do Brumado, agua Vargem de Dentro, c. 8 km ao oeste da cidade, Harley et al. 25858 (K); Rio Salitre, 46 km WSW of Joaziero, Chase 7934 ; 64 km N of Senhor do Bonfim on the BA 130 Hwy to Juaziero, Harley et al. 16343 . Cear\u00e1: Thickets on shores of Acude Chor\u00f3, Mpio. de Quixad\u00e1, Drouet 2408 (US); Picos, Piauhy to Campo Salles, Swallen 4265 ; Campo Salles to Crato, Swallen 4300 (US); Iguat\u00fa, Swallen 4415 (US); Cratheus, edge of small pond, Swallen 4497 (US). Distrito Federal: Brasilia, Luetzelburg 418a (K) and Luetzelburg 794 (K). Para\u00edba: Escola de Agronomia do Nordeste, Areia, Paraiba, Co\u00ealho 1145 (US); Pocinhos, Pickel 3841 (MU). Pernambuco: In low field, Tapera, Pickel 1701 ; Caruaru, on border of a rivulet, Pickel 4257 (MU); Bello Jadim, Serra do Genipapo, Chase 7685 ; Vicinity of Pernambuco (Recife), Chase 7740 ; Mpio. Belem de S\u00e3o Francisco, 3 km S of city of Belem de S. Francisco  at point where road stops at shore of Rio S\u00e3o Fransisco, Eiten & Eiten 4958 . Rio de Janeiro: Margin of Lagoa R. de PageBreakFreitas, vicinity of Rio de Janeiro: Chase 8457 ; Avenida Niemeyer, Chase 9991 (US). Rio Grande do Norte: Angicos, Swallen 4704 ; Nova Cruz to Montahnas, Swallen 4821 (US). Rio Grande do Sul: Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Experimental de Uruguaiana, Simas 6590 (TAES); Santa Cruz, Swallen 4857 (US). Caicos Islands. Pine Cay: In moist area on NW side, Correll 43169 (NY). Canada. Ontario: Junction of Hwy 3 and Regional Rt. 14, SW of Canborough, Regional Mpio. of Haldimand\u2013Norfolk, Cusick 29191 (MICH). Elgin Co., St. Thomas railway yard, Oldham, 9865 (MICH); 4.7 km WNW of Dutton, Hwy 401, service centre, Oldham 8828 (MICH); Yarmouth Township, Port Stanley, beach ca. 0.5 km SSE of Post Office, W of Orchard Beach, Oldham 11897 (MICH). Essex Co., Anderdon Tp, just S of Canard Riv. mouth, W side of Hwy 18, at Ranta Marina, Oldham 6953 (MICH). Halton Co., City of Burlington, Burlington West Railway Station, Oldham 13523 (MICH). Huron Co., Hay Township, CN railway tracks at Hensall, Oldham 13567 (MICH). Lambton Co., City of Sarnia, railway yard in Sarnia, Oldham 13075 (MICH). Middlesex Co., Hwy 401, from ca. 0.5 to ca. 2.0 km W of Dorchester Rd., Oldham & Deslisle\u2013Oldham 7033 (MICH). Oxford Co., Norwich Township, 5.4 km E of Woodstock Post Office, Hwy 401 at Hwy 403 junction, Oldham 11816 (MICH). Cayman Islands. Grand Cayman: Bodden Town, Guala and Burton 1934 (US). Colombia. La Guajira: Costa del Caribe, llanura litoral arenosa y \u00e1rida entre Mayapo y El P\u00e1jaro, Dugand 6667 . Cuba. Havana: Batabano, Shafer 484 ; Batabano, Baker 2762 (POM); Batabano, Ekman 889 (US); Batabano, Baker 1767 (NY). Las Villas: Cayo La Lisa, R\u00edo Negro, Zapata Swamp, Le\u00f3n et al. 19565 (GH); La Lisa, Rio Negro, Ci\u00e9nega de Zapata, Le\u00f3n 19565 (US). Matanzas: Cardenas, Britton and Wilson 176 (NY). Oriente: Los Ca\u00f1os, S of Guant\u00e1namo, Le\u00f3n 3911 (US); La Perla, N of Guant\u00e1namo, Le\u00f3n 3911 (GH). Pinar del Rio: Corrientes Bay, Britton & Cowell 9984 ; Central Orozco, in dried up pools near the manglares, Ekman H10570 (US). Unknown province: Playa de Marianao, Le\u00f3n 2020 (US); Santo Cristo de Maniadero, Peninsula de Zapata, Roig & Cremata 2225 (NY); Coastal Marsh (Playa) SE of Baragu\u00e1, Hitchcock 23337 (US); Isle of Pines, Killip 41664 (GH). Czech Republic. Distr. D\u011b\u010d\u00edn: ship to railway transfer area Nov\u00e9 Loub\u00ed in D\u011b\u010d\u00edn, V. Jehl\u00edk s.n. (PRA). Distr. \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem: Western Port on Labe River in \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, V. Jehl\u00edk s.n. (PRA); Railway station \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem sever, V. Jehl\u00edk s.n. (PRA). Dominican Republic. Independencia: Barahona, vicinity of Cabral, Jim\u00e9nez & Marcano 4290 . Valverde: Esperanza, Jim\u00e9nez 8169 . Haiti. Nord: Plaine du Nord, Cap Haitien, edge of salt water ditches, Ekman H2750 . Ouest: Vicinity of Etang, Etang Suamatre, Leonard 3520 ; Massif de la Hatte, Miragoane, shore of Etang\u2013Miragoane, Ekman H7257 (US); Port\u2013au\u2013Prince, Bon\u2013R\u00e9pos, in irrigation ditches, Ekman 2105 (US); Port\u2013au\u2013Prince, Potter 5012 (GH); Massif de la Selle, Croix\u2013des\u2013Bouquets, edge of Grande\u2013Rivi\u00e8re, near Gourjon, Ekman H6453 (US). Honduras. Choluteca: 30 km carretera de Choluteca a Cede\u00f1o, Midence 32 (TEFH). Jamaica. Saint Ann Parish: Saint Ann\u2019s Bay and Vicinity, Marsh, Flat Point, Britton 2519 . Saint Elizabeth Parish: Salt Spring to Borad Riv., Adams 12058 (MO); Black Riv. and vicinity, roadside ditch, Britton 1339 PageBreak(NY); Black Riv., Hitchcock 9643 (US). Westmoreland Parish: Savanna-la-Mar, swamps and dithes, Hitchcock 9863 (US); Ferry Peux, Harris 12498 . M\u00e9xico. Aguascalientes: Rincon de Romos, Hern\u00e1ndez & Mathus N\u20131609 (GH); 16 km al N de Aguascalientes, sobre la carretera a Rinc\u00f3n de Romos, Rzedowski & McVaugh 731 . Campeche: Carr. Tankuche\u2013El Remate, 1 km al S del camino, Mpio. Calkini, Ort\u00edz 761 (UC). Chihuahua: Km 33 Nuevo Casas Grandes\u2013Galeana, Hern\u00e1ndez and Tapia N\u2013130 (US); Hilly terrain, 9 mi.S of Villa Matamoros, Reeder & Reeder 4883 (ENCB); Rio Conchos, Cd. Camargo, Harvey 1403 ; Rio Aros, LeSueur 202 ; Santa Maria en el Valle de Aldama, Hern\u00e1ndez and Mathus N\u20131744 (GH); 28 km SW of La Junta on road to Creel, Peterson 9610 ; Low area between Hwy and railroad tracks... 11 mi. W of Cuauht\u00e9moc, Reeder et al. 4844 ; Torreon, Johnston 44166 ; Plains near Chihuahua, Pringle 813 ; ca. 65 (air) mi. SW of Cd. Juarez, 6.8 road mi. N of Guzman, Henrickson 14105 (LL); At Paplote Las Juntas (Preson de Anteojos), 2 km NW of Hacienda El Berrendo, on Las Pampas Ranch, Chiang et al. 8870 (LL); Rio Florido, Jim\u00e9nez, Harvey 1320 ; At Papalote Las Juntas, (Pres\u00f3n de Anteojos), 2 km NW of Hacienda El Berrendo, on Las Pampas Ranch, Chiang et al. 8870 (MO). Coahuila: Don Mart\u00edn Dam, Harvey 944 ; ca. 51.5 (air) mi. ENE of Torreon on SW edge of Laguna Mayran, along trail from Estacion Cuchilla to Ejido Mayran, Henrickson 14349 (LL); 20 mi.NW of San Pedro ... 63 km de Ocampo rumbo a Sierra Mojada, Carranza C\u2013631 ; Sierra La Madera, Rcho. Laguna la Leche, aprox. 62 km de Ocampo rumbo a Sierra Mojada, Carranza 617 & Carranza (BRIT); road to San Mart\u00edn Dam near near Nuevo Leon\u2013Coahuila border, Harvey 947 ; 10 km carretera Matamoros \u2013 Saltillo, Espinosa A. 89 (ARIZ); Hwy 30, in wet shore of Laguna de Mayran, Henrickson 5985 (LL); Torre\u00f3n, Palmer 503 ; Torre\u00f3n, Fisher 44166 . Distrito Federal: Tlahuac Distr., chinampas at San Andr\u00e9s Mixquic, 40 km SE of Mexico City & 7.5 km W of Chalco in the Chalco Lk basin, Jim\u00e9nez-Osornio 40 (ARIZ); Ixtapalapa, en ladera humeda cerca de canal, Matuda 25656 ; Xochimilco, Espinosa & Sarukh\u00e1n 318 ; NW de Xico Viejo, cerca de la aldea, Villegas 558 (ENCB); Deleg. de Tl\u00e1huac, M\u00edxquic, orilla de canal, Rzedowski 26268 (ENCB); W de Tl\u00e1huac, en zona de dhinampas, Villegas 564 (ENCB); Xochimilco, Rzedowski 20432 ; Tl\u00e1huac District: Chenampas at San Andr\u00e9s Mixquia, 40 km SE of Mexico City and 7.5 km W of Chalco in the Chalco Lake Basin, Jim\u00e9nez\u2013Osorino 40 (RSA). Durango: Durango, Hitchcock 7567 (US); Torre\u00f3n, Hitchcock 7729 (US); Cienega bottomland near small lake 40 mi.N of Ciudad Durango, Gentry 8600 ; 10 mi. NE of Durango on Durango\u2013Torre\u00e9n Rd., Soderstrom 803 ; 66 km N of Durango on HWY 45, Peterson & Annable 5987 ; Colonia Filipe Angeles, at 15 km S of Durango on Hwy 23 towards Mezquital, Peterson et al. 18963 . Guanajuato: Irapuato, Hitchcock 7386 (US); ca. 6 km W of San Felipe, Sohns 402 ; 6 km al PageBreakNNE de Salvatierra, sobre la carretera a Celaya, Rzedowski 40295 (ENCB). Guerrero: Near Pie de la Cuesta, 6 mi. N of Acapulco, Barkley et al. (TEX). Hidalgo: Mpio. Huichap\u00e1n, Roadside ditches near El Carmen on Huichapan\u2013Quer\u00e9taro Rd., Moore 2158 ; El Pe\u00f1\u00f3n, 5 km al sur de Alfajayucan, Mpio. de Alfajayucan, Hern\u00e1ndez 6721 (MO). Jalisco: Villa Obregon, Beetle M-5545 & Guzm\u00e1n (ARIZ); 2 km from San Julian, Beetle M-5583 & Guzm\u00e1n (ARIZ); Hwy 54, along R\u00edo Juchipila, ca. 50 mi. N of Guadalajara, just past Puente Santa Rosa, Spellenberg 2945 ; 3 km N Ojuelos, Hernandez X-2487 (KANU); 2 km al E de San Diego de Alejandr\u00eda, rumbo a la Cd. de Le\u00f3n, Lot & Novel 969 (GH); Mpio de Ixtlahuac\u00e1n del Rio, Atotonilquillo, Guzm\u00e1n 8377 (ENCB); Isla de Alacranes, Lago de Chapala, Cota 56 (ENCB); El Jaguey, 14 kms al N de Ixtlahuac\u00e1n del Rio, Guzm\u00e1n 7977 (ENCB); 23.3 km E of Aguacalientes on Hwy 70 towards San Luis Potosi, just past state boundary, Peterson & Annable 6186 (US); ca. 6 mi. W of Lagos, Reeder et al. 1416 ; Laguna de Zacoalco, Diaz Luna 1063 (ENCB); ca. 50 mi. N of Hwy 54 along R\u00edo Juchipila, just pass Puente Santa Rosa, Spellenberg et al. 5342 (NMC). M\u00e9xico: S de Ixtapaluca, a 2 km del pueblo, Villegas 585 (ENCB); 1 km al N de Zumpango, Rzedowski 25850 ; Lago de Texcoco, 18 km al WSW de Texcoco, sobre el camino a M\u00e9xico, Rzedowski 28145 ; Atenco, cerca de Texcoco, Torres s.n. (ENCB). Michoac\u00e1n: 6 km al E de Maravat\u00edo, sobre la carretera a Contepec, Rzedowski 44199 (ENCB); Shore of Lake P\u00e1tzcuaro, Barkley et al. 2669 (US); Shore of Lake P\u00e1tzcuaro, Barkley et al., 2663 (TEX); Vicinity of Morelia, Ars\u00e8ne 5760 . Morelos: Morelos. Valley near Jojutla, Pringle 9595 . Nuevo Leon: 32 mi. S of San Roberto along Hwy 57, McGregor et al. 501 (KANU); Monterrey, Ars\u00e8ne 6108 ; Monterrey (Nuevo Leon) r\u00edo, Abbon 201 (MO); Pan Am. Hwy from Laredo to Monterrey near Maulique Pass, Leavenworth & Leavenworth 740 ; Mpio. de Linares, Ejido Los Cristales, Ort\u00edz s.n. (ENCB). Quer\u00e9taro: Cerro de las Campanas, Ars\u00e8ne 10072 ; Quer\u00e9taro, in water of irrigation ditch, Hitchcock 5836 (US); Quer\u00e9taro, Ars\u00e8ne 10289 (US); 2 mi. SE de San Juan del Rio, O\u2019Bien s.n. (MEXU 321518). Quintana Roo: Cozumel al sur de la Islan a 200 m del embarcadero, Ort\u00edz 904 ; Punta Nizuc, Can\u2013Cun, Mpio. Isla Mujeres, Ort\u00edz 530 (MEXU). San Lu\u00eds Potos\u00ed: Charcas, Lundell 5535 ; 8 km al E de S. L. Potos\u00ed; Rzedowski 11236 (ENCB); Mpio. Guadalcazar, Ejido Minas de Plata, Bravo 34 (ENCB); ca. 2 mi. W of Arriaga on road from Aguascalientes to S. L. Potos\u00ed, Reeder et al. 1358 ; Charcas, Whiting 1052 ; Mpio. Charcas, Laguna Seca, Rzedowski 6535 ; 5 mi. SE of SLP, Gould 11566 ; Rio Verde, along polluted creek on N side of town , Thomas 2773 (MO). Sinaloa: Along Hwy 15 (de cuota), at marker 19 km N of Mazatl\u00e1n, Snow 6599 ; Mazatl\u00e1n, Harvey 8828 (MONTU). Sonora: Mpio. Agua Prieta, W Side of Agua Prieta, Reina G. 2006-445 (ARIZ); Mpio. Empalme, on Mex. Hwy 15, 10.3 mi. E of Empalme end of Douglas Bridge, Felger 85-1141 (ARIZ); Mpio. Guaymas, Ca\u00f1\u00f3n La Balandrona, north side of Sierra El Aguaje, Felger 01-655 et al. (ARIZ); Mpio. Guaymas, ca. 6 km PageBreakE of Las Guasimas exit, ca. 31 km ESE of Empalme on MEX 15, Van Devender 2002-1072 et al. (ARIZ); Mpio. Guaymas, Mex. Hwy 15, 1.7 km NW of Pitahaya  junction, 3.6 mi. S of Pitahaya, Felger 85-1293a & Reichenbacher (ARIZ); Mpio. Guaymas, Ca\u00f1\u00f3n Las Barajitas, Felger 96-51 et al. (ARIZ); Mpio. Hermosillo, Hwy 24, 5.0 mi. N of El Sahuaral (4.7 mi. N of Bahia San Augustin Road junction), Felger 85-1570 (ARIZ); Mpio. Cucurpe, Ca\u00f1on las Barajitas, Sierra el Aguaje, ca. 18 km NW of San Carlos, Felger 95-228 & Wilson (ARIZ); Reservoir, ca. 6 km SE of Magdalena off the road to Cucurpe, Reina G. 2001-750 & Van Devender (ARIZ); Rio Mayo drainage, along the Hwy from Navojoa to Huatabampo, ca. 0.6 mi. NE of turnoff to Bacobampo and 8 mi.SW of Navajoa, Sanders et al. 8945 (ARIZ) and 8947 ; Mayocahui, Van Devender 95-292 et al. (ARIZ); On paved road leading to Ort\u00edz, 14.1 road mi. N of intersection with Hwy 15, SE of Guaymas, Snow 6564 & Prinzie ; SE of Guaymas, along Hwy 15, ca. 100 m S of km 82 signpost, Snow 6566 & Prinzie ; Between road and railroad tracks, at km 90 on Hwy 15, SE of Guaymas heading to Ciudad Obregon, Gibson & Gibson 2043 . Tamaulipas: Sierra de San Carlos, Vicinity of El Mulato, Bartlett 10972 ; Mpio. Aldama: Ejido La Piedra, Mora-Olivo 1478 (BRIT). Tlaxcala: Entrada W de la poblaci\u00f3n de san Jorge Tezoquipan, al W de Tlaxcala, Weber 697 (ENCB). Yucat\u00e1n: Progreso, Swallen 2918 (MICH); Carr. San Felipe\u2013Rio Lagartos, a 5 km del crucero, Mpio. Rio Lagartos, Ort\u00edz 691 (UC); Mpio. Sisal, 4 km al SE de Sisal, Santos Meza 60 (MO); Mpio. Progresso, mangrove 3 km S of El Progresso, Davidse & Davidse 29454 (MO); 18 km al SE de Celest\u00fan, Guti\u00e9rrez\u2013Parra 30 (ENCB). Zacatecas: Along Hwy 54, at turnoff to Jalpa, Snow 6672 ; Villa de Cos, Johnston 7429 . Paraguay. Boquer\u00f3n: Filadelfia, Hahn 801 (MO); A 12 km E de Pratts Gill, Molas & Vera 1388 (MO). Turks and Caicos. Pine Cay, Correll 43169 (LL); Provo, Long Bay, Neis 406 (MU). United States of America. Alabama: Mobile Co., Battleship Park, by causeway US 90\u201398, E of Mobile on the bay, Kral 32754 (US); Along (and S) of the newly completed Interstate Hwy 10 overpass, SE part of Blakeley Island between Mobile Riv. and Mobile Bay, Lelong 7323 (NCU). Morgan Co., Port DeKatur, sandy beach by Dekatur boat ramps along Tennessee Riv., Kral 54428 (MO). Arizona: Apache Co., Canyon de Chelly Nat. Mon., Capmground, Rink 1555 (ARIZ). Cochise Co., Mule Mountains, near watercourse, Goodding 297-61 (ARIZ); Douglas, Tornber s.n. (ARIZ 147338); S edge of St. David, Gould & Haskell 4496 ; playa just W of Willcox, Reeder & Reeder 7955 (ARIZ); just W of Willcox along road to Cascabel, Reeder & Reeder 8879 (ARIZ); Willcox Playa area, SW of the town, Reeder & Reeder 9061 (ARIZ); San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, St. David Cienega, just W of Upper San Pedro River, N end of wetland, Makings 1624 (ASU). Gila Co., Black Riv., near settlement of Black Riv., Gould & Robinson 4925 . Graham Co., Hooker Cienega, SW of Bonita along Sunset School Road, Jenkins 2466 (ARIZ); Tatcher, Thornber s.n. (ARIZ 147336); San Simon Valley, 15 mi.NE of Bowie, Bingham 2338 (ASU). Mohave Co., Arizona Strip, Rock Crossing along the Colorado City-Main Street Valley road, Reeder & Reeder 9649 (ARIZ); Around a large charco at Rock Crossing on the Colorado PageBreakCity to Main Street Valley road, Reeder & Reeder 8627 (ARIZ); ca. 5 km S of jct of AZ-389 and Cane Beds road, then ca. 10.5 km west, Reeder & Reeder 8441 (ARIZ); Havasu Nat. Wildlife Refuge, Krakowski s.n. (ASU 70812). Navajo Co., Woodruff, in moist soil along reservoir, Darrow 3324 ; Hwy 260, \u00be mi. SE. Ent. St., Stephenson 1968 (ARIZ). Pima Co., edge of old clay quarry, flats W of Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, Bowers 2716 (ARIZ). Pinal Co., 9 mi. N of Casa Grande overpass on Hwy 87, Pultz & Phillips 1532 (NY); Southwestern shoreline of Picacho Lake, Gould 4630 (ARIZ); Near the Mormon Batallion Monument along AZ-387 ca. 5 km N of its jct. with AZ-84 in Casa Grande, Reeder & Reeder 9599 (ARIZ). Santa Cruz Co., Along road to Canelo Pass, ca. 5 km S of its jct with AZ-83, Reeder & Reeder 8924 (ARIZ); 1 km N of Canelo Pass summit, Reeder & Reeder 9896 (ARIZ); N of Canelo Pass summit, Reeder & Reeder 9899 (ARIZ). Yavapai Co., Perkinsville Quadrangle, T17N R2E SE \u00bc SE 1/4 , NW of Jerome, W of Mormon Pocket, east of Horsesehoe Canyon, along Verde Riv., Baker 12076 & Routson ; Chino Valley North, Inscription Ranch, along the Verde River 2.7 km ENE of its confluence with Granite Creek, Baker 12753 (ASU). Yuma Co., Backwater A-7 to Colorado Riv., 1 mi. S of Ehrenberg, on east shore ca. 1 mi.S of N end of lake, Kennedy 10 (ARIZ). Arkansas: Arkansas Co., US Hwy 79, 0.3 mi. NE of junction with US Hwy 165, southbound just N of Stuttgart, Snow 5809 (MO); US Hwy 79, 0.2 mi. NE of junction with US Hwy 165 (southbound), just N of Stuttgart, Snow 5811a (MO). Drew Co., Along railroad tracks at Ark. Hwy 138 and Coon Bayou in Winchester, Thomas et al. 171074 (GREE); Lewisville, Sundel et al. 11976 (KANU). Lawrence Co., 4 mi.SW of Hoxie, Taylor s.n. (MU barcode 00008103). Ouachita Co., RR tracks at the Port of Camden E of Adams St., in downtown Camden, Thomas 171837 . Pulaski Co., Arkansas Riv. up the river from North Little Rock, Demaree 8364 . Sebastian Co., Arkansas Riv. floodplain, Sec 25, T8N, R31W, Thompson et al. C1074 (GH). California: Butte Co., Lake Oroville at Vinton Gulch, ca. 0.7 (air) mi. N of Cherokee, Oswald and Ahart 4413 (UC); Gray Lodge Game Refuge, NW of Pennigton, Mason 12730 (POM); Joie Osgood Ranch, ca. 2 mi. E of Honcut, Ahart 6721 ; ca. 1.1\u2013 mi.S of the clay burrow for Oroville Dam, 1/4 mi. E of Larkin Rd., ca. 6 mi.SW of Oroville, Ahart 5480 (MO); Rice fields between Nelson and Richvale, Heller 13354 . Colusa Co., Pond on Colusa\u2013Marysville Hwy, 4 mi. S of Colusa, W side of Sacramento Riv., Mason & Grant 12962 (FSU). Fresno Co., Cottonfield 2 mi. NE of Fresno, Wiggins 4198 (POM); Fresno, Griffiths 4729 (US); Fresno, Springer 469 (ARIZ). Glen Co., S of Willows Migratory Wildfowl Refuge, Beetle 3062 (US). Inyo Co. 4 mi. N of Lone Pine, Kerr s.n. (RSA). Kern Co., Kern Riv. Canyon, Howell 38682 (MO); South Fork Valley ca. 2 mi. NE of Weldon, Howell 40133 (MO); Bed of Lake Isabella below mouth of Tillie Ck., Twisselmann 19263 (MO); Dessicated strand\u2013bed of Lake Isabella (E side of N arm), ca. 5 mi.S of Kernville, Howell 47465 (RSA). Los Angeles Co., Coast Hwy just N of mouth of Santa Monica Canyon, Raven 16753 (RSA); California\u2013Mojave Desert, W end of Rosamond Dry Lake at Ave. \u201cC\u201d, Sanders 2340 (CM); Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Garden, Claremont, Balls 9465 (W). Marin Co., Nicasio Reservoir ca. 10 air mi. SW of Petaluma and W of Novato, Ertter PageBreak8018 & Neese (ARIZ). Merced Co., San Joaquin Riv. 1/4 mi. S of Hwy 152 upstream from bridge 2.9 mi. E of Santa Rita Park, Wiggins and Wiggins 20702 ; Los Banos Water Flow Refuge, 3 mi. N of Los Banos, Breedlove 5402 (SMU). San Diego Co., Lake Henshaw, SE of East Grade Road and E of Henshaw Truck Farm, ca. 1.3 air mi. E of the dam, along the stream feeding into the NE portion of the Lake and on the NE shore, Rebman 13640 et al. (ARIZ). San Francisco Co., Street weed in San Francisco, Howell 11697 (US). San Luis Obispo Co., 0.5 km N of Bee Rock Rd on E Perimeter Road, Camp Roberts, Johnson & McCarty ROB0762 (OKL). Santa Barbara Co., San Jose Ck. at Southern Pacific RR corssing, Goleta, Pollard s.n. . Sonoma Co., 5 mi.N of Sears Point, Rubtzoff 6284 (RSA). Stanislaus Co., Near Oakdale, Hoover 700 . Sutter Co., E side of West Butte Rd., ca. 0.5 mi. S of North Butte Rd., Ahart 6666 (UC). Tulare Co., Only seen near NW corner of vernal pool natural area in valley grassland, 4.5 mi. ENE of Pixley, Howell 44030 (RSA); Along Dinuba Blvd., 8 mi.N of Visalia, Bacigalupi 2509 ; 1.5 mi. ESE of Stoil, Bradshaw 344 (KANU). Yolo Co., At junction of State Hwy 128 and County Rd. 86 , Willoughby 1800 (JEPS). Colorado: Alamosa Co., Alamosa, Ramaley 15845 (MICH). Arapahoe Co., Cherry Ck. Reservoir, along southern shorline, Snow 6121 . Baca Co., SE corner of the county where CR 48 and CR 46 converge just N of the Cimarron River, Clark 2311 . Bent Co., John Martin Reservoir, on Arkansas Riv., Lindstrom 1664 (KSC). Delta Co., Between Delta and Austin, Goodding & Goodding 244 (US). Cheyenne Co., 5-1/2 mi. SE of Wild Horse, Harris 70 (RM); Kit Carson, municipal park on N side of town, T15S, R48W, Sec. 4, SW \u00bc, Freeman 15516 & Morse (KANU). Fremont Co., Canyon City, Clements 263 ; Canyon City, Shear 964 (GH). Kiowa Co., Eads, 10 mi. S, 4.5 mi. E [of] Neenoshe Reservoir, Freeman 15998 & Morse . Kit Carson Co., Burlington, S side of town ca.1 block N of juct US 385 and I-70, Freeman and Morse 15777 . Las Animas Co., Along Carrizo Ck., 6 mi. SE of Troy, Rogers 4910 ; Ranchland ca. 4 mi. E of Wlat\u2019s Corner and N on 143.0 Road before the road that descends along the Purgatoire River Canyon, Clark 2528 & Deihl (KANU). Lincoln Co., Limon, E side of town, Kissel Fishing Pond along US 24, Freeman 16528 & Morse (KANU). Logan Co., E edge of Sterling, Taylor & Taylor 8982 (BRIT). Mesa Co., D Rd. near 32nd, Clifton, wet ground around lagoon margin, Weber 15508 (US); Colorado Nat. Monument, sewage ponds, NW of headquaters of Mesatop, Siplivinsky 5059 ; Willow thickets around Connecticut Lake, Siplivinsky 2373 (CM). Otero Co., La Junta, Harvey 7520 (MONTU). Weld Co., Western shores of Union Reservoir, ca. 0.5 mi. N of State Hwy 119 in Longmont, Snow 6119 ; Greeley, Highland Nursery, Snow 7722 (GREE); New Windsor, Osterhout 1974 (RM), 2346 (NY) and 2347 (RM); Windsor, Osterhout 6365 ; Crow Campground at Crow Creek, 1 mi.N of Briggsdale, Wingate 4533 (KANU). Yuma Co.; Wray, Osterhout 4070 (RM). Connecticut: Fairfield Co., Bridgeport, Beardslee s.n.New Haven Co., Near Union Depot, New Haven, Setchell s.n. (UC 38741). New London Co., Old Lyme, Weatherby 4390 (US); Woodward s.n. (US). Deleware: New Castle Co., Port Penn, PageBreakCommons s.n. (GH); Ab loco, Commons 155 (US). Florida: Bay Co., Crooked Island east, Tyndall Air Force Base, Johson 7970 (FSU). Brevard Co., 0.5 mi. W of I\u201395, immediately S of FL 50, edge of St. Johns Riv., SW of Titusville, Hall and Beeman 1901 (FLAS); In marsh, E side of Lake Poinsett, Chamberlain 17 (FLAS); Sect. 23 of St. Johns Nat. Wildlife Refuge, ca. 3.5 mi. W of Titusville, Rakestra s.n. (GA). Broward Co. E side of Hwy 27 just S of Griffin Rd. (Rte 818), ca. 14 air mi. WSW of Ft. Lauderdale, Anderson 9905 (FSU). Charlotte Co., Vicinity of Port Charlotte, Godfrey & Reinert 60966 ; Old field, Frye C\u201367 (FLAS); Caloosa Experimental Range, USFS and Range Station, Adams 239 (GA); 15 mi.NNW of Fort Myers, frequent on wet sands of distrubed flatwoods, Kral 7521 . Citrus Co., Crystal, along or in water along railroad, Combs 1004 (US). Collier Co., Rte 41, 1 mi.W of Monroe Station, Hill 2754 (SMU); Naples, Godfrey 74458 ; Fathlahatchee Swamp, J. H. Davis s.n. (FLAS); Fakahatchee Strand, Roadside, Janes Hwy, Avery and Churchill 2062 (FLAS); Fakahatchee Strand 7 mi.NW of route 29 junction, Churchill s.n. (SMU); NW of Copeland, Atwater 612 (FLAS); Vicinity of Bahama Ranch, off US 41, W of Everglades City, Lakela 31325 ; Remuda Ranch, W of Everglades City on Tamianmi Trail, US 41, extensive cut area in Big Cypress Swamp, Lakela 31723 ; Marco Island, Harvey 8203 (MONTU). Dade Co., Montgomery Foundation, E of Old Cutler Rd at a point E of end of SW 120 St, ca. 3 mi. S of South Miami, Orzell 22042 & Bridges (BRIT). About ponds along road just E of Homestead Airforce Base, Correll & Popenoe 49096 (NCU); Homestead, Herndon 905 ; Long Pine Key, Atwater GS\u2013149 (FSU); W of Homestead, Avery & McPherson 1691 (FLAS); Marl Prairie, Davis s.n. (FLAS 38437); Homestead, Byrd s.n. (FLAS 114443). Franklin Co. 6 mi. SW Carrabelle, White 176 (RSA); Cape St. George Island, ca. 0.7 mi. of Marshall House, Anderson 9949 (FSU); St. Vincent Island, just W of Tahiti Point on NE sector of Island, Anderson 8964 (FSU); Dog Island, in W sector of Cannonball Acres, Anderson 5907 (FSU); St. Vincent Island, 1.8 mi.W of Tahiti Beach, Anderson 8580 (FSU). Glades Co., Hicpochee, Beardsley s.n. (FLAS 50590); Hendy Co. 12 mile Slough, Davis s.n. (FLAS 38438). Hillsborough Co., ca. 12 mi. SE of Tampa off US 41, Ray et al. 10615 (US). Lee Co., Sanibel Island scrub along Caloosa Drive, Churchill 7952 (ASU); Middle Sanibel Island, Brumbach 5374 (FLAS); W Sanibel Island, Brumbach 6964 ; Upper Captiva Island, Brumbach 9160 ; Central Sanibel Island, Brumbach 6960 (FLAS); 5 mi. E of Ft. Meyers Beach, Kral 7543 ; 4 mi.N of Ft. Myers, Godfrey 65411 (FSU). Manatee Co., Brandenton Beach, Godfrey 65221 (FSU). Monroe Co., Loop Rd. 94, Correll et al. 42238 (LL); Flamingo, Everglades N.P., Atwater GS\u2013162 (FLAS); Moist ground near Watson Hammock, NW side Big Pine Key, Thorne 15030 (GH); Big Pine Key, around small pond and brook, Swallen 5174 (US). Palm Beach Co., 18 mi. E of Belle Glade on FL 80, Dusky s.n. (FLAS 150015). Pinellas Co., Near Maximo Pt., St. Petersburg, Thorne 15440 . Sarasota Co., 3.5 mi. N of Englewood on Rte 775, Brass 28964 (NCU). St. Johns Co., Guana Lake, 10 mi. N of St. Augustine, Simons s.n. (FLAS 134057). Sarasota Co., 3.5 mi. N of Englewood on Rte 775, Brass 28964 (FLAS). PageBreakSeminole Co., 2 mi. E of Geneva, Kral 5098 ; Upper St. Johns Riv., ca. 4 mi. S of FLA 46, Auth 62 (FLAS). Wakulla Co., Near Oak Island, Godfrey 58904 (FSU); St. Mark\u2019s Wildlife Refuge, Godfrey & Kral 54080 ; St. Mark\u2019s Wildlife Refuge, Godfrey 55753 . Idaho: Canyon Co., Right side of Currant Island, T1N, R3W, Sec. 35, NE \u00bc, Dixon 114 (KANU); In seed from Forage Genetics, 812 First St., Nampa, Robinson s.n. (MU). Owyhee Co., Moist sandy soil along the Snake Riv. at Walters Ferry, Baker 8591 (US). Illinois: Adams Co., Shore of Mississippi Riv., at ferry loading, W of Meyer, Evers 78417 (MO). Alexander Co., Horseshoe Lake, Huston 71 (MO). Bureau Co., W side of Illinois River, decommissioned IL Rt. 26 bridge right-of-way, Hill 20819 (BRIT). Calhoun Co., Shore of Mississippi Riv., Cap au Gris bluff SW of Batchtown, Evers 89684 (NCU); Sand bar, Royal Landing, E of Brussels, Evers 98144 (MU). Champaign Co., Urbana, Ahles 7426 . Clark Co., Streets [of] Marshall, Bock 15 & Chase (SMU). Cook Co., Chicago, Moffatt 554 ; Berm of US Rt 6, 0.5 mi. E State Rt. 7 and W of 180th Ave, Cusick and Furlow 23702 (MICH); Buffalo Woods, junction of 87th St and US Rt. 45 (96th Ave.), Hill 28798 & Tessene (BRIT). Grundy Co., W side of Aux Sable Creek at turf farm, between Minooka Rd and Route I-80, ca. 2 mi. due W of Minoka, Hill 36535 . Jackson Co., Mississippi Riv. shore, at Station 7, Evans 642 (MO); cinder\u2013bed along railroad, Urbana, Ahles 7560 (NCU). Jefferson Co., Railroad tracks at crossing of IL State Hwy 15, ca. 4.8 mi. W of intersection with Interstate Hwy 57, ca. 4.7 mi.W of Mt. Vernon, Snow 5842 (MO). Jo Daviess Co., Weedy areas along railroad tracks in cut through Maquoketa Shale, on W side of Scales Mound, Nee 22019 . La Salle Co., Salt marsh along creek, in bottoms of Illinois Riv., 4 mi. E of Starved Rock, Steyermark 40618 (GH). Madison Co., Pond shore, 2 mi. SW of Poag, Evers 77839 (MO). Monroe Co., S of Fults, Mississippi Riv. floodplain, Bailey & Swayne 3072 (NCU). Randolph Co., Kaskaskia Island, W of Mississippi Riv., around slough, near Dozaville, Vincent & Thomas 8081 (MU). Sangamon Co., \u00be mi. S of Buckhart, Shildneck 15699 (MU). Will Co., NE of Channahon, at SW corner of intersection where US 6 goes over US 66 (I-55), Schulenberg 73-351 (BRIT). Wyandot Co., Along Co Rt 99, SW of Co Rt 16, NE of Carey, Cusick 35680 (MU). Indiana: Adams Co., Weedy berm of US Rt 33 at SE limits of Decatur, Cusick 29817 (MICH). Allen Co., berm of St. Rt. 101 at S limits of Monroeville, Cusick 29815 (CM); Median of US Rt. 30 at junction of Ternet Rd., N of Tillman, Cusick 25808 . Benton Co., ca. 0.5 mi. of Otterbein off US Rt. 52 along the N and W railroad, Brant & O\u2019Donnell 953 . Jay Co., berm of State Rt. 67, 1\u20131.5 mi. E of Trinity, Cusick 28473 (MICH). La Porte Co., On S side of I-94 just E of US 421, Schulenberg 74-284 (BRIT). Newton Co., N of Foresman, S of Mt. Ayr, NE of Brook, at the bend in Ind 55 at SE corner of Sec. 35, T29N, R8W, Schulenberg 76-466 (BRIT). Porter Co., Porter, SW corner of junction Hwy 49 and Hwy 20, Reznicek et al. 8321 . Steuben Co., Along US Rt 20, 1 mi. E of Angola, Cusick 36709 (MU). Van Wert Co., Junction of St. Rt 66 and Fifth St., W limits of Delphos, Cusick 29796 (CM). Iowa: Clay Co., SW margin of Mud Lake, Hayden 13 PageBreak; W margin of Mud Lake, Hayden 87 ; Gravelly, sandy shore of Round Lake, Hotchkiss 4542 (US). Dubuque Co., Waste ground along Mississippi Riv., N of Dubuque Harbor, Cusick 31183 . Fremont Co., Gravel road bearing N from IA Hwy 2, ca. 0.4 mi. E of bridge over Missouri Riv., ca. 1 mi. N on the gravel road, Snow & Koster 5824 (MO); Bartlett State Wildlife Mgmt Area, small lake in sandy barrow pit NW of exit off I-29, Freeman 20981 (KANU). Harrison Co., In DeSoto Bend Wildlife Refuge, Sutherland and Kaul 3984 (NY). Mills Co., Pacific Junction, 2 mi. S of Keg Creek Lake Wildlife Mgmt Area, Freeman 20932 (KANU). Monona Co., Onawa, 4 mi. W, 1 mi. W of Louisville Bend Wildlife Mgmt Area, Freeman 23050 (KANU). Pocohontas Co., Pocahontas, Pohl 6929 (FSU). Polk Co., Pond adjacent to original Skunk Riv. bed, Van Bruggen 3324 (UC). Story Co., Ames, along railroad tracks near Iowa State Univ., Davidse 1923 . Woodbury Co., Snyder Bend Wildlife Mgmt Area, Freeman 20891 & Morse (KANU); Dessicated margin of Brown\u2019s Lake, Sec. 33, 2 mi. W of Salix, Thorne 16342 ; Rest Area beside U.S. Hwy 59 at Seven Oaks S of Corregan, Thomas & Thomas 153315 (GREE). Kansas: Allen Co., Kirschner farm, 2 mi. E of Humbolt, Dubois 229 (US). Anderson Co., 2 mi. N of Garnett, Wilson 6942 (KSTC). Atchison Co., 2 mi. N of Atchison, McGregor 29881 (KANU). Barber Co., \u00bc mi. S of Elm Mills, Stephens 19289 (KANU); Barber County State Lake, McPheeters 93 (KSTC); State Lake Medicine Lodge, Hall 83b (KSTC); State Lake, Greiner 220 (KSTC) and Wilson 7068 (KSTC). Barton Co., Cheyenne Bottoms, Wilson 4512 (KSTC); Cheyenne Bottoms, ca. area 34, Wilson 4559 (KSTC); Cheyenne Bottoms, Lindstrom 752 ; Cheyenne Bottoms, \u00bc mi. NE of Dock #7, Wilson 4527 (KSTC) and 4542 (KSTC); ibid. except \u201cArea 19\u201d, Wilson 4271(KSTC); Cheyenne Bottoms, Prather s.n. (KSTC 011252); 2 mi.SE Redwing, area of the Cheyenne Bottoms, McGregor 12652 ; Cheyenne Bottoms, SE corner of Pool 2, Hoffman s.n. (KANU 17922); 2 mi. S, 5 mi. E of Hoisington, Cheyenne Bottoms Nature Conservancy Reserve, near Rush Lake, Morse 1585 & Loring (KANU) and (ibid.) 1599 (KANU); Great Bend, Runyon 323 ; Hoisington, 1.0 mi. S, 2.0 mi. E of Cheyenne Bottoms Preserve, Freeman 5354 (KANU). Bourbon Co., Fort Scott , Wilson 6600 (KSTC). Brown Co., 1 mi. N of Horton, McGregor 29872 (KANU). Butler Co., 5 mi. N of El Dorado, McGregor 29495 (KANU). Chase Co., Chase County State Lake, McGregor 29483 (KANU); NW edge of Lake Kahola, Wilson 8061 (KSTC). Chautauqua Co., 1 mi. S, 2 mi. E of Chautauqua, McIntosh 84 (KANU). Clay Co., 1 mi. W of Clay Center, Stephens 29473 (KANU); Broughton, 1 mi. S, 0.5 mi. W, Freeman & Elliot 7555 (KANU); Clay Center, 1 mi. S along KS 15, Freeman & Elliot 7747 (KANU). Cloud Co., Ditch on corner 1 mi. E of S side of salt marsh 4 mi. E of Jameston, Fraser 300 (KSC); 1 mi. NW of Old Lake Schley, Fraser 631 (MICH); R4W, T5S, NW \u00bc sec. 17, Ungar 1118 (KANU); Concordia, 1 mi. N along US 81 on N. Side of Republican River, Freeman & Elliot 7646 (KANU). Coffee Co., 2 mi.S & 1 [mi.] W of New Strawn, Magrath 1198 (KSTC); 1 mi. S of Crandall, McGregor 28645 (KANU). Cowley Co., 8 mi. E, 2 mi. N. of Arkansas City, Koch 1604 ; 7 mi. W of Winfield, Koch 1815 (KANU); 7 mi. W of Winfield, Koch 2102 (OKLA). Dickinson Co., At rest stop along Interstate Hwy 70, exit 266, ca. 10 mi. W of Abiline, Snow & Koster 5840 (MO); ab. loco, Hitchcock 920 ; 1 mi. S, 1 mi. E of Sutphen, McGregor 37876 (KANU). Doniphan Co., 2 mi. S. of Denton, Denton 141 (KSTC). Douglas Co., 10 mi. N of Lawrence, Ungar 1037 ; 13 mi. S of Lawrence [at] Baldwin Junction, Brooks 12449 (KANU); 3 mi. E of Lecompton, McGregor 29904 (KANU); 4.5 mi. S, 0.5 mi. E of Clinton Reservoir, Freeman 21972 & Freeman (KANU); Clinton Lake State Park, McGregor 41148 (KANU); Clinton Lake, T13S, R18E, NW \u00bc Sec. 23, McGregor 39597 (KANU); ca. 0.2 mi. ESE of the Bowersock Dam, Freeman 2718 (KANU). Edwards Co., 3 mi. SW of Kinsley, McGregor 10877 (KANU). Elk Co., 12 mi. E, 6 mi. N of Howard, McGregor 28613 (KANU). Ellis Co., Saline Riv., Dutt 104 (MO). Ellsworth Co., Kanapolis Reservoir north shore, McGregor 37906 (KANU); ab. loco, Weber 275 (KSC). Finney Co., 1 mi. E, 6 mi. N of Kalvesta, Stephens 63120 (KANU); South edge of Garden City, Stephens 87367 (KANU); Garden City, Condray s.n. (KSC [0027307]). Ford Co., 6 mi. E, 1 mi. S of Dodge City, Stephens 50479 (KANU); 1 mi. NW of Ford, McGregor 10901 (KANU). Geary Co., Grandview Plaza, 1.5 mi. NE Ft. Riley Military Reservation, Main Post, N side of Kansas River just W of Henry Drive, Freeman 19538 (KANU); Ogden, 0.5 mi. S., Freeman 12864 (KANU); Burel City, E side of town, Oxbow of Smoky Hill River on NW side of I-70, Freeman 19383 (KANU). Gove Co., West edge of Quinter, Stephens 86677 (KANU). Graham Co., Hill City, S edge of town along US Hwy 283 at the South Fork Solomon River, Freeman 8440 (KANU). Gray Co., 0.5 mi. S of Cimarron, Stephens 50420 . Greeley Co., 9 mi. E of Tribune, Brooks 8570 (KANU). Greenwood Co., Roadside along Hwy 99 near Verdigris River, Hauser 808 (KSTC). Fall River Reservoir, McGregor 28636 (KANU). Hamilton Co., 1 mi. S of Kendall, Stephens 50385 (KANU); 0.5 mi. S of Coolidge, Stephens 87414 (KANU). Harvey Co., 3 mi. E, 2 mi. N of Burrton, Stephens 19162 (KANU). Haskell Co., 6 mi. N, 10 [mi.] W of Sublette, Stephens 42506 & Brooks (KANU). Jefferson Co., Old town area of Perry Lake, McGregor 39627 (KANU); SW edge of Perry Bank of Deleware River, McGregor 29776 (KANU); Newman, 0.7 mi. S, 0.5 mi. W, Russell & McGregor 474 (KANU). Jewell Co., 3 mi. S of Lovewell, Stephens 86129 (KANU); Lovewell State Park, Lindstrom 149 (KSC). Johnson Co., 4.5 mi. E., 4 mi. N of DeSoto, Brooks 12809 (KANU). Kearney Co., 1 mi. S of Lakin, Brooks 10645 & Hauser (KANU); 4 mi. NE of Lakin, Stephens 87391 ; McKinney Lake, just NE of Lakin, Thieret 16259 (MU). Kiowa Co., 0.5 mi. N of Haviland, Stephens 63278 (KANU). Labette Co., Parsons, 1 mi. E, 4 mi. S, KS Army Ammunition Plant, Freeman 6639 (KANU); Parsons, E-central part of town, Freeman 20530 (KANU); vicinity of Parsons, Gwartney 11 (KSC). Leavenworth Co., Ft. Leavenworth Military Reservation, E of S end of Sherman Army Airfiled, Freeman 7467 (KANU). Logan Co., Chalk Bluff & Smokey Hill River, Wilson 5885 (KSTC); Logan County State Lake, Brooks 7298 (KANU); Russell Springs, 8.5 mi.E, 2 mi. S of Smoky Valley Preserve, Freeman 13904 (KANU). Lyon Co., 0.5 mi.N, 1 mi. E of Emporia, Schaefer 1057 (OKL); Emporia, Willis s.n. PageBreak(KSTC 011264); 1 mi. S of Emporia, Eckert 147 (KSTC); 12 mi. N of Emporia, lake bottom, Osborne 110 (KSTC); 1 mi. N of Emporia on Rd to Reading, Wilson 2630 (KSTC); \u00bd mi. E of Emporia, Wilson 2716 (KSTC); Peter Pan Park, King s.n. (KSTC 011282); McKenney Marsh, 15 mi. SE of Emporia, Greiner 249 (KSTC); \u00bd mi. N of US 50 bypass at edge of pond along Burlingame Rd, Lickteig 49 (KSTC); N of 18th St and E of Hwy K-99, Emporia, Spohn 32 (KSTC); N of KS State Teaching Collecge campus waste area, Spohn 33 (KSTC); McKenney Marsh Bank, Nelson 153 (KSTC); Emporia, East Lake area, Husband 79 (USCH); Hartford, 1.5 mi. N, 3 mi. W, Freeman 18097 & Morse (KANU); 0.5 mi. W., 1 mi. N of Reading, Stephens 83330 (KANU). Marion Co., Marion Lake, T19N, R3E, NE \u00bc Sec. 22, McGregor 39729 (KANU). Marshall Co., West edge of Marysville, Stephens 86039 (KANU). Meade Co., 0.75 mi. S of Meade, Horr 4457 (GH); 0.75 mi. S of the E side of Meade, Horr & McGregor 4069 (US); 8 mi. S of Meade, Stephens 63022 (KANU); \u00be mi. S of Meade, Horr 4457 (KANU). McPherson Co., McPherson County State Park, McGregor 25894 (KANU). Mitchell Co., 15 mi. S, 2 [mi.] W of Beloit, Stephens 87131 (KANU). Morris Co., Council Grove Reservoir, T16N, R8E, NW-1/4 sec. 2, McGregor 39693 (KANU). Montgomery Co., Eastep Property, ca. 8.5 km NW of Cherryvale, Snow 10978 (KSP); Walnut, Holland 510 (KSC). Morton Co., Cimarron Nat. Grassland, T33S, R41W, sec. 27, McGregor 38416 (KANU); 10 mi. N of Elhart, K-27, Garner 924 (KSTC). Nemaha Co., Nemaha County State Lake, McGregor 29837 (KANU). Neosho Co., 1-1/2 [mi.] S of Erie on levee near Neosho Riv., Holland 663 (KSP); 2 mi. E, 0.25 mi. N of Chanute on K39, Holland 9975 ; 2 mi.W, 1-3/4 mi. S of Walnut, Holland 1518 (KANU); ca. 3.5 mi. SE of St. Paul, Mission Township, Neosho Wildlife Refuge, Holland 9490 . Ness Co., Center of Ness City, McGregor 33518 (KANU). Norton Co., 5 mi. SW of Norton, McGregor 30475 (KANU); Near Almena, Bockelman 2473 (KSC). Osage Co., 4 mi. N of Quenemo, Brooks 12419 (KANU). Ottawa Co., Minneapolis, S edge of town, T11S, R4W, sec. 1, SE \u00bc, Freeman 9804 (KANU); 4 mi. SW of Wells, edge of State Lake, McGregor 23585 (KANU). Pawnee Co., 1.5 mi.W of Rozel, Stephens 63178 (KANU). Pottawotomie Co., In Roadside ditch 1 mi. N of Louisville, Bartley 1187 (US); County State Lake No. 2, McGregor 29621 (KANU). Pratt Co., Iuka, 4.0 mi. N on US Hwy 281, Freeman 5338 ; 11 mi. N of Pratt, Barker 1793 (KANU). Rawlins Co., 14 mi. N of McDonald, McGregor 30836 (KANU). Reno Co., Reno-Harvey county line, Wilson 8415 (KSTC); 1.5 mi. W of Nickerson, Stephens 34632 & Brooks (KANU). Republic Co., Sec. 28, T4S, R2W, Elliot 1159 (KANU). Rice Co., 2-3/4 mi. S of Alden, Brooks 17036 (RM); 1 mi. S of Raymond, Stephens 34586 & Brooks (KANU). Riley Co., ca. 77 m W of Kansas State Hwy 18, ca. 3.5 mi. N of Interstate Hwy 70 and ca. 7.3 mi.SW of Manhattan, Snow 6122 ; 11 mi. N of Manhattan, Cove of Tuttle Creek Reservoir, McGregor 29648 (KANU); Sandy floodplain of the Kansas Riv. W of Manhattan, Gates 13642 ; Ogden, \u00bd mi. WSW of Fort Riley Military Reservation, Funston Monument, Freeman 19342 (KANU); Manhattan, Johnston s.n. (KSC [0027275]). Rooks Co., Woodston, 1.7 mi. W of Woodston Diversion Wildlife Area, Freeman 10342 (KANU); PageBreakDamar, 5 mi. E, 4 mi. N, south side of Webster Reservoir, Freeman 10094 (KANU); E edge of Damar, Stephens 86882 (KANU). Rush Co., 1 mi. S of Bison, McGregor 30548 (KANU). Russell Co., 8 mi. S of Lucas, Wilson Reservoir Area, McGregor 29376 (KANU). Saline Co., 5 mi. S, 5 mi. E of Brookville, Elliot 1766 (KANU); northeast of Kipp, Hancin 507 (KSC); T15S, R4W, Sec 27, NE4, Barnard 1318 (KSC). Sedgewick Co., 0.5 mi. N of Cheney Reservoir, Hauser 2558 & Brooks (KANU); Along Arkansas Riv. at 21st and West Street near I-235 bridge, Walter & Sisco 9600 (MO); Along the Santa Fe railroad in Wichita, Bartley 1224 (US); S. side of the Kansas Riv. in Lawrence, ca. 0.2 mi. ESE of the Bowersock Dam, Freeman 2718 (RM). Sheridan Co., Hoxie, Hauser 3009 (KANU); Selden, Weber 13 (KSC). Seward Co., 5 mi. W of Kismet, Stephens 45749 (KANU); Cimarron River, NE of Liberal, Lindstrom 625 (KSC). Stanton Co., 2 mi. SW of Johnson, Stephens 87436 (KANU); 2 mi. N., 1 mi. E of Saunders, Stephens 87455 (KANU). Sumner Co., T32S R4W, Sec 36, NW \u00bc, Birkholz 1018 (KSTC) and Birkholz 1332 (KSTC); T30S R2E, Sec 21 SW \u00bc, Birkholz 1006 (KSTC) and Birkholz 1609 (KSTC); 6 mi. S of Geuda Springs, Brooks 11033 & Hauser (KANU). Wichita Co., 7 mi. N of Leoti, Brooks 8560 (KANU); Wichita, County Park S of 21st Street and E of Ridge Road, Freeman 12938 (KANU). Shawnee Co., Topeka, Smyth s.n. (KSC [0027306]); 1 mi. NW of Tecumseh, McGregor 29740 (KANU); ca. 3 mi. W of Richland, Sec. 25, T13S, R16E, McGregor 40909 (KANU). Wabaunsee Co., At roadside off Exit 338 along Interstate Hwy 70, ca. 27 mi. W of Topeka, Snow & Koster 5841 (MO); Lake Wabaunsee, McGregor 29575 (KANU). Wallace Co., 2.5 mi. N of Sharon Springs, Stephens 45682 (KANU). Woodson Co., Woodson County State Lake, Brooks 12772 (KANU); 2 mi. S. of entrance to Lake Fegan recreation area, at concrete river forge, Wilson 2227 (KSTC); Lake Fegan, E. side by dam, Woodson 6498 (KSTC). Wyandotte Co., \u00be mi. NW of Pomeroy, Brooks 11855 (KANU). Kentucky: Campbell Co., Silver Grove railroad yard, Buddell 439 ; Silver Grove RR yard, Buddell 439 (MU). Fulton Co., Hickman, edge of Pond Slough 2.5 mi .on Ky 971 from Ky 94, Athey 3796 ; Hickman, sandy roadside ditches, KY 94, 2.4 mi. W of junction of KY 1099, Athey 2015 . Hickman Co., Railroad shipping yard at Famers Gin in Clinton, Grubbs 11781 (GA). Kenton Co., River Rd and Traverse St., Ludlow, Cusic 36106 (MU). Ohio Co., \u201cBeaver Dam\u201d, Hils 95 (NCU). Louisiana: Calcaseiu Par., 3.0 mi.S of junction of LA Hwys 27 and 14 along LA Hwy 27, ca. 10 mi. SE of Lake Charles, Snow 5804 (MO). Cameron Par., 2.2 mi. W of Rockefeller Refuge Headquarters, Reese 6119 ; Edge of fresh marsh ca. 2 mi. S of Gibbstown bridge along Hwy 27, McKenzie 143 (MO); On beach, along Holly Beach, Correll & Correll 9606 . LaSalle Par., Old Riv. beside US Hwy 84, 9 mi. SE of Jena, Rogers 2548 (NCU). Morehouse Par., Along railroad tracks S of Hayne Avenue and E of Washington St. (LA Hwy 139) in Bastrop, Thomas 121085 (GREE); Railroad yard N of US 165 and Cypress St and E of US 425 and Washington Plaza in Bastrop, Thomas 135981 and Cheatham (MU). Natchitoches Par., N side of Red Riv. at the LA 6 bridge N of Natchitoches and Grand Ecore, Thomas 114844 . Orleans Par., Lake Ponchatrain, Brown 2384 (US). Plaquemines Par., LA Hwy 23, 2.5 mi. N PageBreakof Mytrle Grove, 12.9 mi. S of US Naval Air Station, Belle Chase, Mississippi Riv. Alcohol Company grounds, in ditch along entrance road, Snow 5786a (MO). West Baton Rouge Par., West Mississippi Riv. Banks, directly across from Baton Rouge, 0.5 mi. E of LA Hwy 1, Snow 5800 (MO). Maryland: Allegany Co., S side of Rt I-68 at Exit 34, St Rt 68, S of Frostburg, Cusick 37524 (MU). Garrett Co., S side of Rt I-68 at Exit 4, St. Rt 42 ramp to Friendsville, Cusick 37517 (MU). Worcester Co. Sand flats bordering Assawoman Bay, Ocean City, Hermann 10725 ; wet sandy border of brackish marsh, 1.75 mi. N of Ocean City, Fogg 11411 (GH). Massachusetts: Nantucket Co., Nantucket Island, Sesachacha Pond, MacKeever 810 (US). Suffolk Co., Boston, near Audubon Road, Swan s.n. (SMU); Boston, Swan s.n., 17 Sep 1887 (MU 000078391). Michigan: Berrien Co., NE of Niles, in Penn Central RR classification yards, Schulenberg 73-433 (BRIT). Monroe Co., Public access site on Halfway Ck., near center E 1/2 sec. 33 Erie Twp., ca. 3.5 mi. SE of Erie, Reznicek & Voss 7842 (MICH); 1 mi.W of Azalia, in median of US 23 immediately S of the Cone Rd. interchange, Reznicek 5743 (MICH). Lenawee Co., Along railroad N of Maple St., E of Dean St., Adrian, Smith 2740 (MICH). Saginow Co., SE side of the Saginaw Riv. on disturbed Roadside of M\u201313 ca. 1.5 NE of Zilwalkee Bridge, Garlitz 3375 (MICH). St. Clair Co., Port Huron Twp., NE 1/4 Sect. 17, large railyard on SE side Port Huron, Reznicek & Schultz 5415 (MICH). Washtenaw Co., Ann Arbor, N side of Maiden Lane just W of junction with Maiden Lane Ct., Reznicek 4954 (MICH).Wayne Co., 3 mi. NE of Romulus, median of Interstate 94, ca. 0.25 to 2 mi. W of the interchange with Merriman Rd., Reznicek 4973 ; Riv.view, W Jefferson Ave., at Grosse Ile tollbridge, Katz 787 (MICH). Minnesota: Pipestone Co., Pipestone, Fellows 56a ; Edge of city park, Pipestone, Moore 22961 (US). Wilkin Co., ca. 10 mi. S of Foxhome, W of Rte. 19, Wheeler 12062 (MICH). Mississippi. Harrison Co., Cat Island, Tracy et al. 149 (MO); Cat Island, Tracy 9195 et al. (SMU). Jackson Co., Fontainebleau, Demaree 34099e . Washington Co., E of Prisilla, Elmore s.n. (FLAS). Missouri: Atchison Co., Edge of a parking lot, in Rock Port, Henderson 94\u2013504 (MO); Along railway grades, near Watson, Palmer 18903 (KSC). Barry Co., 2.5 mi. N of Purdy, Palmer 66390 . Buchanan Co., Sugar Lake, 3 mi.E of East Atchison, Steyermark 15222 (MO); St. Joseph, 0.5 mi. WNW, French Bottom, Freeman 23576 (KANU). Butler Co., S side of State Hwy 142, ca. 1.2 mi. W of junction with County Rd. 341, ca. 3.5 mi.E of US Hwy 67 in Nellyville, Yatskievych et al. 94\u2013212 (MO). Cameron Co., Burlington Lake, 1 mi. S of Cameron, Steyermark 14927 (MO). Cape Geirardeau Co., Missouri Honkers boat dock, Brooks & Gaither 7223 . Carroll Co., Mud flats along Missouri Riv., 9 mi. S of Carrollton, Steyermark 14864 (MO). Chariton Co., Swan Lake Nat. Wildlife Refuge entrance ca. 5 mi. S of Swan Lake, Harmon 339 (GREE); ca. 2.5\u20133 mi.S, 0.5-1.5 mi. E of Sumner, Swan Lake National Wildl. Ref., Morse 11706 (KANU). Christian Co., 2.5 mi. W of Sparta, Palmer 57969 . Clay Co., Missouri City, common on muddy shores, MacKenzie s.n. (MO 2972233). Cole Co., Jefferson City rail yard, near Missouri Riv., Raveill 2160 (MO). Cooper Co., in saline soil around Chouteau Springs, 10 mi. SW of Boonville, and S of Lamine, near Choteau Ck., Steyermark PageBreak15915 (MO). Dunklin Co., Campbell, low woods, Kellogg s.n. (MO 2194418). Greene Co., Vicinity of Battlefield, Standley 9581 (US). Holt Co., Big Lake State Park, 3 mi.W of Bigelow, Steyermark 15125 (MO). Howard Co., Around saline springs at Boonslick, 3 mi. W of Boonsborough, Steyermark 14791 (MO). Jackson Co. Kansas City city limit, intersections of Marsh Ave and E Truman Rd., ca. 150 m E of intersection of E Truman Rd. with I-435, Snow & Koster 5823 (MO). Jasper Co., Near \u201cOakland\u201d, 3 mi. NE of Joplin, Palmer 32551 ; Joplin, Palmer 2509 . Lafayette Co., Along a railroad right-of-way at Co. Rd. Z, at the S edge of Bates City, Henderson 92-404 (MO); Lewisville, Sundel 12326 (MU). Lincoln Co., North Platte, bed of North Platte Riv., Kiener 17457 (UC); Prairie Slough Conservation Area, ca. 5 mi. NE of Elsberry, E of Rt. P and NNW of Westport Island on the Miss. Riv., McKenzie & Jacobs 1628 (MO). Mississippi Co., US Hwy 60 on Missouri side of Mississippi River, Harmon 1747 (GREE). Moniteau Co., 6 mi.NE of Jameston on a sandy island in the Missouri Riv., Harmon 1774 (GREE). New Madrid Co., near La Forge, Steyermark 8853 (MO). Newton Co., Grand Falls, 3 mi. W of Redings Mill, Palmer 58866 . Marion Co., Bear Ck. bottoms, Hannibal, Davis 3449 (MO). Pemiscot Co., Intersection of I\u2013155 and Co. Rd. U overpass, McKenzie 1163 (MO). Pettis Co., Along a railroad right\u2013of\u2013way at MO 127, in La Monte, Henderson 92\u2013388 (MO); 4.5 mi. W of Steele on Hwy 164 at junction with C, Summers 5370 (MO). Pike Co., At Clarksville, Evers 89860 (MO). Platte Co., Low Roadside, along MO 45, ca. 1 mi. S of Farley, Henderson 94\u2013522 (MO). Ralls Co., Around margin of salt\u2013sulphur spring lake at Spalding, Steyermark 25692 (MO). Randolph Co., Around saline soil of lake area at Randolph Springs, between Clifton Hill and Huntsville, Steyermark 16040 (MO). Saline Co., Missouri Riv. bottoms, opposite Glasgow, Steyermark 9391 . Scott Co., 1 mi. N of Commerce, Brooks & Ohmart 7597 . St. Charles Co., ca. 1.5 mi. W of Defiance, along high sand bars of Missouri Riv., Snow 5845 (MO); Below US Hwy 40 bridge over Missouri Riv., first floodplain terrace on N bank of Riv., Snow 6003 and 6016 (MO). St. Clair Co., Shore of White Sulphur Spring, 4.5 mi. NE of Iconium, Steyermark 24416 . St. Genevieve Co., Us Rt 61, S of St. Mary post office, Cusick 33293 (MU). St. Louis Co., Jefferson Barracks County Park, adjacent to railroad tracks paralleling Mississippi Riv., Snow 5781, 5783 (MO); St. Louis, Junction of I\u2013170 and State Hwy 340 (Olive Blvd), Snow 5820 (MO); Along railroad tracks ca. 50 m N of track\u2019s junction with Stein Street, just W of Mississippi Riv., Snow 5821 (MO); Along railroad tracks, E edge of Jefferson Barracks County Park, beyond end of Gark Rd., Snow 5822 (MO); St. Louis, along railroad tracks paralleling Manchester Rd., just S of intersection with Sublette Ave., Snow 5996 . Stoddard Co., along railroad tracks at the grain elevator in downtown Dexter, Ladd et al. 13604 (MO); T25N, R12E, near centre point E boundary Sec. 12, Brant and Gereau 1125 (MO). Stone Co., Piney Creek Wilderness, around Table Rock Lake, SW \u00bc, Sec. 19, R24W, T21N, Rebman 493 (ASU). Montana: Big Horn Co., ca.10 mi. S of Custer, Lesica 8038 (MONTU). Phillips Co., Ephemeral pond near Beaver Ck. ca. 25 mi. SE of Malta, Lesica 4590 ; Malta, D. Messner s.n. (MONT). Richland Co., Seven Sisters Wildlife PageBreakManagement Area, ca. 15 mi. E of Crane along Yellowstone River, Heidel 1568 (MONT). Roosevelt Co., SW end of Horstead Lake, 5 mi. NW of Froid, Hotchkiss 6965 (MONT). Yellowstone Co., W edge of Billings just N and E of intersecton of Danford Rd and 56th St., McEldowney s.n. (MONT). Nebraska: Burt Co., Uct of US Rt 75 & St Rt 51, Cusick 36392 (MU). Cass Co., N of Louisville on Hwy 50, along the Platte Riv., Churchill s.n. (MO 2619370). Clay Co., 1 mi. W and 1.5 mi. N of Ong, Churchill and Albert 2079 (MO). Cuming Co., 0.5 mi. W of West Point on Hwy 32, along Elkhorn Riv., Churchill 4809 (MO). Dawson Co., Channel of Platte Riv., S of Lexington, Kiener 17236 (GH). Hall Co., 5 mi. E of Grand Island, Tolstead 41638 (UC). Jefferson Co., 4 mi. NNW of Gladstone, Churchill 7989 . Kearney Co., Hapeman s.n. (POM); \u201cPrairies and sandhills\u201d, Rydberg 6512 ; Minden, Hapeman s.n. . Keith Co., S fork of Platte River, near Ogallala, Lindstrom 926 . Lancaster Co., E shore of Oak Lake, just W of Lincoln, Churchill 2631 (MO); Lincoln, 27th St and Hwy 80, Ungar 1178 (KANU). Merrick Co., Just S of Silver Creek on Hwy 39, T15N, R3W, sec. 4, Churchill 6648 (KANU). Richardson Co., Lake bed of the Verdon Lake, W of Verdon, Reynolds 2285 (MO); East shoulder of Rulo-White Cloud Road, Shildneck C-6922 (KANU); SE bank of cut-off lake between levee and west bank of Missouri River, SE corner of S29, R18E, T2N, Shildneck C-6802 (KANU). Thomas Co., On Middle Loup Riv., near Thedford, Rydberg 1713 . Webster Co., 1 mi. S of Red Cloud, Stephens 51200 (KANU). Nevada: Churchill Co., Lahontan Valley, Stillwater Point Reservoir Diversion Canal, Tiehm 12743 . Clark Co., Las Vegas, Corner of Mayflower and Falcon Lanes, Bostick 5002 (ARIZ). Douglas Co., Carson Valley, near Minden, Archer 6746 . Elko Co., Hot Springs 0.5 mi. S Elko along Humboldt Riv., Holmgren 1872 . Humboldt Co., Sheldon Nat. Wildlife Refuge, Virgin Valley, Pond 21, 0.7 air mi. SE of Range HQ Duffurena Ranch, Tiehm & Rogers 4684 (NY). Nye Co., Nevada Test Site, Vicinity of drainage channel from Warm Springs, Rt. 6, base of S Hot Ck. Range, Beatley 11826 . Washoe Co., Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, Tiehm 13411 ; Reno, Tracey s.n. . New Jersey: Atlantic Co., Salt marsh pond, Ventor, Mackenzie 7372 ; Brackish meadows, Atlantic City, Parker 10925 (MO). Cape May Co., In sand, Cape May Point, Brown 102 . Salem Co., Clayey cornfield along Alloways Ck., 3.5 mi. W of Hancocks Bridge, Fogg 7734 (MO); tidal marsh along Alloways Ck., 3 mi. W of Hancock\u2019s Bridge, Fogg 7730 (GH). New Mexico: Chaves Co., Roswell, Earle and Earle 330 . Dona Ana Co., Las Cruces, NW corner of NMSU campus, Spellenberg 4336 (NY) Franklin Mts., Anthony Gap, Worthington 17211 (NY); 1.5 Road mi. SW of the old Mt. Riley train watering stop at playa, Worthington 12715 ; Potrillo Mts, W Potrillo Mts, playa along Columbus to El Paso Rd., ca. 2.5 km SW of the old Mt. Riley Station, Worthington 22368 . Eddy Co., Carlsbad, Tracy 8172 (NY). Grant Co., Phelps Dodge 1, Plot 14M, N32.89725, W108.59708, Loring 2823 (KANU). Guadalupe Co., 6.5 mi. N of Santa Rosa along the Pecos Riv., Higgins 8915 . Hidalgo Co., Diamond A PageBreakRanch, Turner 2002-25 (ARIZ); Gray Ranch, just east of Headquarters along main road, Allred 6005 & Roalson (ARIZ); Gray Ranch, Turner & Turner 2004-35 (ARIZ); 7 mi. S and 2.4 mi. SE of McAllen, Shinners 17154 (SMU); Animas Valley, junction of NM 338 with NM 79, Worthington 14909 (NY); Vicinity of Lordsburg Playa on NM Hwy 338 immediately S of the Interstate\u201310 interchange, McIntosh 2257 (US); Upper San Simon Valley near Rodeo, ca. 6 mi. E of Portal Peak (AZ), Moir 11 (ASU). Lea Co., Playa lake S side of Hwy 62 and 180, ca. 10 mi. W of Hobbs, Correll & Correll 36060 (NY); 5 mi.N of Tatum, Goodding 2505 . McKinley Co., 5.5 mi. E of US Hwy 666 on Najavo Hwy 9 to Crownpoint, Spellenberg 4835 . Roosevelt Co., 10.5 mi. E of Elida, Stephens 80162 (KAN). Sandoval Co., Along NM 44, ca. 23 mi. NW of Bernalillo, Henderson 69\u2013352 ; 2.4 mi.N of San Ysidro on Hwy 44, 32 air mi. NW of Albuquerque, Shultz & Shultz 1296 . San Miguel Co., Bell Ranch, Schiebout 8166 (GREE). Socorro Co., Socorro, Vasey 523 (US). Union Co., Clayton Lake State Park, Schiebout 7401 (GREE); USFS Rd. 34, Schiebout 7655 (GREE). New York: Cayuga Co. Salt flats, Montezuma, Metcalf 5717 . Chataqua Co., Weedy ground at junction of State routes 5 and 76, N of Ripley, Cusick 29143 (MICH). Erie Co., Deadend of Fuhrmann Blvd. at Coast Guard Station, Buffalo, Cusick 29162 (MICH). Onondaga Co., Pleasants Beach, Onondaga Lake, Rowlee & Smith s.n. (MO 2972206). Rockland Co., Beside Continental Can Company parking lot adjacent to Piermont pier, Oragnetown Township, Lehr 1212 (NY). North Carolina: Brunswick Co., Smith Island complex, pond on Bluff Island, LeBlond 4073 & Weakley (NCU). Dare Co., Roanoke Island, Manteo, waste area around warehouse, Crutchfield 5474 (NCU); Bodie Island salt marsh, Burk s.n. (NCU). Davidson Co., 2.8 mi. S of Southmont, Ahles & Leisner 18728 . Hyde Co., Low marsh, usually exposed during summer, Lake Mattamuskeet, Rudolph 13\u201384 (GA); 5.9 mi. S of Fairfield, E of NC 94, Leonard 8559 ; Alligator River at NC 94, LeBlond 3030, 12 Sep 1992. North Dakota: Burleigh Co., Long Lake, Moffit, Stevens 380 . Cass Co., Fargo, Stevens 1587 ; Fargo, Stevens 2517 . Emmons Co., Mouth of Badger Creek adjacent to the Oahe Reservoir, 13 mi. W, 1 mi. N of Hazelton, Williams 1414 (KANU); 3 mi.S of Glencoe Church, Williams 653 (KANU). La Moure Co., W side of Hwy 281, SE 1/4 of the NE 1/4 of Sec. 3, Golden Glen Township, Edgeley, Moore & Moore 10071 . Logan Co., Ashley, Stevens 120 . McIntosh Co., 3.5 mi. W of Ashley, Larson 3901 (KANU); Lake Hoskins, 3 mi. W of Ashley, Williams 3201 (KANU). Sargent Co., 5 mi. S of Cayuga, Larson 3791 (KANU). Williams Co., 5 mi. N and 2 mi. E of Williston, Hegsted 8525 (KANU). Ohio: Ashtabula Co., Junction of State Rts. 193 and 531 E of Kingsville\u2013on\u2013the\u2013Lake, Kingsville, Cusick 23976 . Auglaize Co., Median of US Rt 33 at juct of Rt I-75, SE of Wapakoneta, Cusick 25821 (MU). Butler Co., Behind Middletown High School, Breiel Blvd near Mahcester Rd, Vincent 15657 (MU); Bermof Rt I-70, N of Tylerville Rd exit, Cusick 24814 (MU). Columbiana Co., St Rt 170 at Dickinson Rd, SE of Petersburt, Cusick 36720 (MU). Crawford Co., Along the PageBreakPennsylvania railroad in Bresline, Bartley 2493 (NY). Cuyahoga Co., W side of Cuyahoga Riv. between Washington and Winslow streets, Cleveland, Cusick 24014 (MICH); Rt I-71 at exit to W 150th St, city of Clevland, Cusick 24017 (MU). Fulton Co., berm of entrance ramp to Ohio Turnpike at St. Rt. 108, N of Wauseon, Cusick 25824 (MU). Guernsey Co., Berm of US Rt 22, SW jct of St Rt 513 at Antrim, Cusick 25806 (MU). Hancock Co., Ashland Oil Co. tank farm, S Sandusky St. and NE junction of Rt. I\u201375 and State Rt. 15 Findlay, Cusick 21882 (MICH). Hamilton Co., Junction of Lawrenceburg and Sand Run roads, Cusick 25551 ; Weedy railroad yards, S of jucntion of Herring Way and Stadium Rd., city of Cincinnati, Cusick 26048 . Harrison Co., berm of US Rt. 22 at Nottingham Church, Cusic 25805 (MU). Higland Co., Jct of US Rt 50 and Cave Rd, W of Bainbridge, Cusick 35657 (MU). Jackson Co., City of Jackson, Pontious & Bartley 25 (NY). Lake Co., Entrance to Morton Salt Property, deadend of State Rt. 44, Grand Riv., Cusick 23967 (MICH); Rt I-90, \u00bd mi.E, jct of state route 306, city of Mentor, Cusick 23971 (MU). Lawrence Co., Junction of US Rt. 52 and Solida Rd., South Point, Cusick 24644 ; 4 mi.SW of Hoxie, Taylor s.n. (BRIT). Lee Co., Along RR, 20th St, Fort Madison, Cusick 35566 (MU). Lorain Co., Berm on S side of St Rt 2 at rest area, W of bridge over Vermilion Riv., SE of Vermilion, Cusick 29738 (CM); Lake Erie, E mouth of Black Riv., city of Lorain, Cusick 31314 (VPI). Lucas Co., Between Maumee Riv. and Ottawa St. at Anthony Wayne Bridge, Toledo, Cusick 27185 (CM); Ohio Turnpike, W of Exit No. 4, weedy ground at service plaza, Cusick 25823 (NY); Manhattan Blvd, at Bolevard Station, Toledo, Cusic 25906 (MU). Montgomery Co., Road berm at jct of Pinnacle and Vance Rds, city of Moraine, Cusick 25651 (MU). Muskingum Co., berm on S side of Rt I-70, 2 mi.E of St Rt 13 exit, W of Brownsville, Cusick 36964 (MU). Preble Co., Berm of US Rt 127 at bridge over Rt I-70, Cusick 24723 (MU); Berm of Rt I\u201370 exit ramp to US Rt 127, N of Eaton, Cusick 31362 (GH). Raleigh Co., Rt I\u201377 at service area, N of St. Rt 3 exit, NW of Beckley, Cusick 29859 (CM). Stark Co., RR crossing, Broadway Ave, S of state route 153, Louisville, Cusick 36972 (MU). Summit Co., N side State Rt. 18 directly W of junction of Rt. I\u201377, Montrose, Cusick 24019 . Tuscarawas Co., RR crossing at St Rt 211 and 3rd St, Dover, Cusick 35713 (MU). Warren Co., St Rt 123 at juct ). Canadian Co., T10N, R7W, S11, N/2 of NE/4, T. Albers (landowner), McCarty 727 (BRIT) and McCarty 728 (OKL). Choctaw Co., ca. 4 mi. NE of Swink, Taylor s.n. (BRIT 18811). Cimarron Co., 3 mi. NE of Kenton at base of a canyon in the E end of Black Mesa, Talyor & Taylor 25082 (BRIT); Near Lake Etling in Black Mesa State Park, Taylor & Taylor 2415 (OKL); Rocky canyon that runs to the W from Lake Carl Etling in the State Park, Taylor 16820 (OKL). Cleveland Co., 2 mi. N of Norman, Hopkins 767 (OKL); Canadian Riv. bed, Ten Mile Flats, Lawson and Goodman 578 ; sandy bed of Canadian Riv., 3 mi. S of Norman, Goodman 4506 . Comanche Co., Quanah Parker Lake, S end of island Wichita Mts. Wildlife Refuge, McMurry 835 (US); Geronimo Hill, Ft Sill Reservation, Thompson S0873 et al. ; ibid, Thompson & Rudman S0601 . Cotton Co., White\u2019s Lake, 3 mi. N on Hwy 281/277 from intersection with 5A and 7 mi. W, Hoagland & McCarty 2111 (OKL); Randlett, 3 mi. S and 3 m. E on sectionline roads from intersection of Hwy 70 and Hwy 277/281, Hoagland & McCarty BLM0388 (OKL). Creek Co., Keystone WMA, 3.7 mi.W of 48/51 jct on Hwy 51, 2.0 mi. N to WMA, & 1.0 mi. E, T19N R8E Sec. 14, Hoagland et al., KEY-279 (OKL). Custer Co., Washita National Wildlife Refuge, T13N R19W Sec. 5, Buthod & Hoagland AB-3355 (OKL). Ellis Co., Four Canyon Nature Preserve, Hoagland 4C-430 & Buthod (BRIT) and 4C-431 ; Lake Lloyd Vincent, T9N R26W S34, McCarty 518 (OKL). Garfield Co., Near S end of Runway 35R, Johnson & Brown VAN0159 (OKL). Garvin Co., 1.5 mi.SE of Paul\u2019s Valley, Pohl 5205 (SMU); T3N R3W Sec 20 SE/1/4, Crawford & Crawford 1355 (OKL). Grady Co., 6 mi. NW of Chickasha, Engelman s.n. (OKL [01-0072208]); 3 mi. NW of Minco along the South Canadian River, Pearce 1259 ; Alex Marsh, Anderson Farm, 1 mi. W on SH 19 & 1.2 N of Alex, Magrath et al. 19985 (OKL). Grant Co., 3 mi. W of Jefferson, Hoagland & McCarty 1769 (OKL). Greer Co., 1 mi.E of Plainview, Higgins 7678 ; 1.5 mi. S & 6.0 mi. W of Jester on EW Rd 160, Buthod et al. AB-3354 (OKL). Harper Co., From SH 64 & 34 6.0 mi. W and 6.8 mi. N, Hoagland & McCarty 99-238 (OKL); bridge over West Sandy Creek on US Rt 160, 6 mi. W of Attica, Vincent 10104 (MU); Alkali bottoms N of Laverne on Beaver River, Engleman s.n. (OKLA); Plainview, 5 mi. W along US Hwy 64, Freeman 18237 & Morse ; Along the Beaver (Canadian) River, 15 mi. W and 4 mi. S of Buffalo, Taylor & Taylor 32695 . Jackson Co., N boundary, 200 m E of active runway, Johnson & Proctor ALT0046 (OKL); 0.5 km NE of calibration hardstand, T2N R20W Sec 11, Johnson & Browning ALT0127 (OKL). Jefferson Co.Waurika, S side of Hwy 79 bridge at the Red River crossing, Hoagland et al. BLM464 (OKL). Johnston Co., ca. 4 mi. SE of Tishomingo on the Tishomingo Nat. Wildl. Refuge, Taylor & Taylor 4153 (BRIT); ibid, ca. 1 mi.NW of Reeves Lake, Thieret 41160 (MU). Kay Co., 6 mi. N. of Newkirk, Stephens 71090 (KANU); Blackwell, city park, Buthod & Hoagland AB4202 (OKL). Kingfisher Co., R9W T19N, Sec. 22, 1 mi. SE on Hwy 51 from bridge over Cimarron, Palmer 1647 (OKLA); 4.6 mi. NW of Kingfisher at Lake Elmer, Buthod & Hoagland AB-2509 PageBreak(OKL). Kiowa Co., Just outside entrance to Quartz State Park, Smith 298 (OKL). Logan Co., N of Crescent on Hwy 74, Buthod et al. AB-4405 (OKL). Love Co., Edge of a branch of Lake Texoma called Wilson Creek, ca. 10.7 mi. NW of Marietta, Taylor & Taylor 26010 (BRIT). Marshall Co., Fobb Bottom State Hunting Area of Willis Island, Perkins & Perkins 585 (OKL); Margin of Lake Texhoma, Univ. of Oklahoma Biol. Station, Goodman 5758 ; E side of Lake Texoma in Fobb Bottom Unit of Lake Texoma Public Hunting Area, Tyrl & Estes 65 (OKL); sandy margin of Lake Texhoma, OK. Univ. Biol. Station, Willis, Schaefer 386 (KSC). McClain Co., Wet sandy river bank, in bottomlands, just outside Purcell, Hopkins 635 . Muskogee Co., 3.5 mi. SW of Ft. Gibson, Wallis 5471 . Nowata Co., 3 mi. E from intersection of Hwys 169 and 60, 1 mi. S and 0.5 mi. E., Oolagah Wildlife Mgmt Area, Hoagland et al. OOL663 (OKL). Okfuskee Co., Near Okemah, 0.7 mi. W on Hwy 56 from junction with Hwy 48, Hoagland & Shannon 2692 (OKL). Oklahoma Co., North Canadian River below the dam of Lake Overholser, Taylor 22918 (BRIT). Okmulgee Co., Deep Fork Unit, Eufaula WMA, Benesh et al. DF0156 (OKL). Osage Co., Oklahoma R8E T28N S 25 SE \u00bc, Palmer 2286 (OKLA); S of Pawhuska, Engelman 1713 (OKL); South of Pawhuska, Engleman 300 (OKL). Payne Co., Sandy flood plain of Cimarron Riv., 1 mi.N of Coyle, Hutchinson 54 (NCU); 2 mi.N of Stillwater, Hendrix 21 (OKLA); Ripley, Learn 69 ; 2 mi. W of Stillwater, Ward 164 (OKLA). Pontotoc Co., Pontotoc Ridge Preserve, Folley & Johnson PON0432 (OKL). Roger Mills Co., Southwest floodplain, Washinta Battlefield National Historic Site, Buthod & Hoagland WAS-134 (OKL). Sebastian Co., Arkansas River floodplain, Sec 25, T8N, R31W, Thompson C1074 et al. . Sequoyah Co., Arkansas River, 1 mi. SW of Gore on US Hwy 64, Wallis 1830 . Texas Co., 2 mi. NW of Hardesty, Stephens 79407 (KANU); Guymon, 3 mi. E on Hwy 3 from intersections of Hwys 3 and 136, Hoagland 1140 (OKL). Tillman Co., 4.5 mi. E on Hwy 5C, from intersection with Hwy 5, then 2 mi. N and 0.5 E on section line arods, McCarty m9.137 et al. (BRIT); Hackberry Flat, Hoagland & Wagoner HF0135 (OKL). Tulsa Co., Juniper Hills Nursery, 1-1/5 mi. W of Jct US Hwy 64 & 121 St., Alleman 446 (OKLA). Washington Co., 2 mi. E and 1.2 mi. N of the S jct of US Hwy 60 and US Hwy 70, McDonald 991 (OKLA). Washita Co., 4 mi. W of Dill City, Johnson et al. e455 (OKL); 4.0 mi. S & ca. 3.0 mi. W of Burns Flat, OK, on Hwy 152, Hoagland et al. AB-2728 (OKL); ca. 4.4 mi. NE of Canute at Clinton Lake, Buthod & Hoagland AB-3352 (OKL). Woods Co., Near Arvard, Stevens 1698 ; NW of Alva ca. 8 mi., Nighswonger 887 ; ca. 9 mi. NW of Alva, Nighswonger 3410 ; Ca. 9 mi. NW of Alva, Nighswonger 3849 ; Ca. 7 mi. NW of Alva, Nighswonger 4010 (OKL). Woodward Co., From SH 51 & US 281 N 6.0 mi. to blacktop, W 6.5 mi, Hoagland & McCarty 99-200 (OKL). Oregon: Malheur Co., Wet alkaline areas near Ontario, Bailey s.n. (GH). Pennsylvania: Allegheny Co., low ground between railroad tracks, 31st St. bridge, N of Smallman St., city of Pittsburgh, Cusick 25780 ; Between RR and Freeport Rd, 0.25 mi. N of Aspinwall, Cusick 36604 (MU). Bedford Co., berm of Penn. PageBreakTurnpike just W of Exit 11, NW of Bedford, Cusick 26725 (CM); margin of PA turnpike, \u00bc mi.W, exit to US Rt 220, N of city of Bedford, Cusick 37486 (MU). Berks Co., S side of Rt-178, Exit 19, St Rt 183, N of Strausstown, Cusick 37936 (MU). Cumberland Co., road berm, S side of Penn. Turnpike, just W of Exit 16, NE of Carlisle, Cusick 27798 (CM). Erie Co., 2 mi. NNE US Rte 20 exit on Rt I\u201390, Cusick 29147 (CM); E side of St. Rt. 18, just N of junction of Rt. I\u201390, Cusick 23991 (CM); Rt I-90 E at exit 32, Station Rd, SE of Wesleyville, Cusick 38241 (MU). Franklin Co., road berm, S side of Penn. Turnpike at Exit 14 ramp, 1.5 mi. SE of Willow Hill, Cusick 27800 (CM). Jefferson Co., Entrance ramp, St Rt 28 on N side of Rt I-80, NE of Brookville, Cusick 37896 (MU). Lawrence Co., Edge of US Rt 422 at Moravia Rd exit, S of New Castle, Cusick 36721 (MU). Lehigh Co., US Rt 22 at Krocks Rd, SW of Wescosville, Cusick 37943 (MU). Lucerne Co., St Rt 309, just S, jct of Rt I-80, N of village of Honey Hole, Cusick 38210 (MU). Monroe Co., St Rt 611 at entrance to Rt I-80, town of Delaware Water Gap, Cusick 38532 (MU). Northumberland Co., RR crossing, jct of state Rts 144 & 405, Watsontown, Cusick 37031 (MU). Somerset Co., Berm of Penn. Turnpike at tollgate, Somerset exit, Cusick 26095 ; RR crossing, Stoystown Rd, N of Pleasant Ave, city of Somerset, Cusick 37089 (MU). Washington Co., Berm of US Rt. 40 at junction of St Rt. 231 at Claysville, Cusick 25725 (CM). Westmoreland Co., Berm of Penn. Turnpike at tollgate, St. Rt. 31 exit, Donegal, Cusick 26094 (CM). Rhode Island. Kent Co., East Greenwich, Black Island, Congdon s.n. (POM); Warwick, Guttenberg s.n. (CM 352504); Warwick, Congdon s.n. (KSC). Newport Co., [...] Crescent Beach, Block Island, Fernald et al. 8765 (US). South Carolina. Beaufort Co., Sea Islands, Cuthbert s.n. (FLAS); St. Helena, Cuthbert s.n. (FLAS 10298). Berkeley Co. Santee Wool Combing Mill, Jameston on SC Rt 45, Ahles & Haesloop 25886 ; ibid., Ahles & Haesloop 30831 (NCU); ibid., Ahles and Haesloop 47043 (NCU). Horry Co., Myrtle Beach, Thorne & Muenscher 8938 (RSA). Georgetown Co., Cat Island, edge of Winyah Bay at Lower Goose Pasture, just W of Rockfish Canal, Nelson 9379 ; Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center, marshy area just behind maritime forest off E side of Beach Rd., near its terminus on South Island, Nelson 9665 (USCH). South Dakota: Beadle Co., Huron, Williams s.n. (MO 2972215); T113N, R61W, Sec. 25, NE-1/4, Larson 9515 (RM); Iroquois, railroad ditches, Thornber s.n. (ARIZ 147347). Brown Co., Dry ponds, Aberdeen, Griffiths 111 (UC); T12N, R61W, Sec. 15, NW \u00bc, Fairlee 206 & Sieverding (KANU). Butte Co., T9N, R1E, Sec. 15, NW 1/4, Larson 8286 (RM). Kingsbury Co., Iroqouis, Thornber s.n. . Lake Co., 3 mi.W of Madison, Garson 7007 (KANU). Marshall CO., T12N, R59W, Sec. 18, W \u00bd of NW \u00bc, Larson 11742 & Fairlee (KANU). Mellette Co., 1 mi. W of Kary, Tolstead 4\u2013481 . Spink Co., Vicinity of Redfield, Ricksecker 209 ; T115N, R65W, Sect. 18, NE-1/4, Larson 9606 (RM). Tennessee. Lake Co., Reelfoot Lake, off Hwy 78, Rogers 33668 (APSC). Shelby Co., Memphis railroad yard, Rogers & Bowers 8183 (NCU). Texas. Andrews Co., At waters edge and in low wet places in SE part of country, Scudday s.n. (LL). Aransas Co., NE of Fulton Beach, Correll & Correll 18953 ; 3 mi. NE of Rockport, Jones 899 (SMU). Archer PageBreakCo., Near the town of Holliday, Clark 355 (OKL). Armstrong Co., 0.5 mi.E of Washburn on Hwy 287, Whitehouse 17247 . Atascosa Co., Poteet, Silveus 145 . Bailey Co., Lower Goose Lake, Muleshoe Nat. Wildlife Refuge, 5\u20131/2 mi. S of Needmore, Crutchfield & Evans 385\u2013B (LL); 20 mi. S of Muleshoe, Stephens 73108 (KANU). Bastrop Co., Ab loco, Duval 393 (TEX). Bexar Co., San Antonio, Clemens & Clemens 454 (MO). Brewster Co., Ranger Canyon, W of Alpine, Steiger 1588 (NY); Big Bend N.P., Chisos Mts., Boot Spring Canyon, Warnock 12398 (TAES); Chisos Mts., Boot Ck., Parks & Cory 30353 (TAES); 9 mi. N of Terlugua, Sperry T\u20131265 (TAES); Devil\u2019s Rio, W of Del Rio, Silveus 2377 (TAES); Bullis Gap Ranch, SW of Bullis Range, ca. 25 mi.S of Sanderson, Butterwick & Lott 3691 (LL); 20 mi. tank, S of Marathon on road to Big Bend N.P., Warnock 9976\u2013A ; Boot Canyon, Correll 13723 (SMU); Stream above Boot Springs, Chisos Mts., Warnock 9744 ; Upper Cattail Falls, Chisos Mts., Warnock 20231 (TEX); Alpine, on golf course, creek bottom, Warnock 20059 (TEX); Along Hwy between Alpine and Ft. Davis, Teague T43 . Brisco Co., 1 mi. E of Silverton, Stephens 72245 (KANU). Brooks Co., SW part of county on Rd. no. 755, Johnston 541463 (TEX). Burnet Co., ca. 200 ft W of Co. Rd. 122, 0.3 mi. N of RM 1431, Carr et al. 9142 (TEX). Cameron Co., El Jardin in the bottom of Resaca del la Rancho Viejo, Hitchcock 93 (TEX). Carson Co., 12 mi. W of Panhandle, Stephens 81545 (KANU). Castro Co., 12 mi. S of Dimmit, Johnston & Walker 6888 (LL). Chambers Co., 0.5 mi. NE of Lake Robinson, Hartman & Price 1094 (TAES). Coleman Co., Farm Rd 503, 11 mi.S of Voss, Nixon 238 (BRIT). Culberson Co., 5 mi. W of Kent, Warnock 9271 (TEX); S McKittrick Canyon, Guadalupe Mts., Warnock 10912 . Deaf Smith Co., Tierra Blanca Ck., south of Dawn, Waller 1169 ; 5 mi. S of Glenrio, Waller 1244 . El Paso Co., Three Sisters Hills, ca. 1.5 air mi. N of jct. I\u201310 with N. Mesa, Worthington 17425 (TAES); El Paso, Hitchcock 1274 ; Hueco Tanks, 30 mi. NE of El Paso, Warnock 5834 (TEX); Hueco Mountains, Hueco Ttanks, Waterfall 6616 (SMU); El Paso, M.E. Jones 4203 ; Hueco Mts., Hueco Tanks, Worthington 5248 (TEX); ca. 3 mi. E of Jess Harris Road along Wingo Reserve Road, Gutierrez 1266 . Floyd Co., 4.5 mi. S of Lockney, Stephens 80442 (KANU). Guadalupe Co., Seguin, Kellogg 47255 . Hansford Co., 4 mi. S., 8.5 mi. W of Gruver, Stephens 82401 (KANU); N of Spearman ca. 14 mi. along Palo Duro Creek, Higgins 12332 (ASU). Harris Co., Ab. loco, Geib 12 (TAES). Hemphill Co., 1\u20133/4 mi.NE of Canadian, Cory 35300 (TAES). Hartley Co., 8 mi.E of Hartley, Stephens 82115 (KANU). Hockley Co., 7 mi.N of Levelland, Stephens 72981 (KANU). Hidalgo Co., Jct of Hwy 281 and Hy 336 on the NW corner, Jones & Jones 865 (ARIZ). Hudspeth Co., Red Light Mills near the Red Light Draw road just E of the Quitman Mts., Butterwick & Lamb 2811 (TEX). Along Hwy 2 mi. E of Sierra Blanca, Warnock 13559 (TEX). Hutchinson Co., Near Fritch along Hwy 136, Higgins 9661 . Jeff Davis Co., Fern Canyon, Davis Mts., Cory 9612 (GH); Madera Springs, Parks & Cory 17528 (TAES); Madre Springs, Cory 17528 (GH). Mt. Livermore, Hincley 331 ; Little Aguja Canyon, Davis Mts., Warnock et al. 8146 PageBreak(TEX); ca. 22 mi. W of Ft. Davis, Warnock 9311 (TEX); Limpia Canyon, Davis Mts., 1 mi. above Ft. Davis, Warnock 7952 ; 1 mi. W of MacDonald Observatory, Davis Mts., Turner 2966 ; Limpia Ck., Sperry T1411 (TAES). Jefferson Co., J.D. Murphree Wildlife Mgmt. Area, SW of Port Arthur, Stutzenbaker 142 ; Sea Rim State Park, Fleetwood 12215 (SMU). Jim Wells Co., Along US Hwy 281, ca. 35 air mi. WSW of Corpus Cristi, ca. 9.0 mi. N of Premont, Snow 5896a (MO). Karnes Co., 1 mi. NW of Panna Maria, Johnson 1265 (TAES). Kinney Co., 1 mi. SSW of Ruckman School, Johnson 1282 (TAES); 9 mi. S of Spofford, Cory 16730 (GH). Kleberg Co., Padre Island Nat. Seashore, Lemke 2995 (TEX). Knox Co., N of Benjamin on the S Fork of the Wichita Riv. breaks, Higgins 6079 (NCU); Kingsville, along FM Rd. 1356, ca. \u00bc mi.W of US Hwy 77, Snow & Evans 4391\u2013a (GREE); 2 mi. N of Mundy, Sumanth 312 (SMU). Lee Co., Lake Somerville near picnic pavilion, ca. 3500 ft ENE Of park headquarters, Nails Creek Unit, Carr 6124 (BRIT). Llano Co., Enchanted Rock, Sandy Ck., Butterwick and Lamb 2946 (TEX); Enchanted Rock, Tharp 7641 (TEX). Lubbock Co., Near Lubbock, Silveus 218 (TEX). Lynn Co., US Hwy 87, 2 mi.S of Tahoka, Harvey 7539 (MONTU). Martin Co., 5 mi. SE of Stanton, Jordan s.n. . Mason Co., Mason Mt Wildl. Mgmt Area, Middle Pasture, 0.3 mi. SE of gate into Headquarters Pasture, Sanchez 4037 (BRIT). Menard Co., Landers Ranch, 11 mi.S of Menard, Landers 5228 (TAES). Mitchell Co., Sect 10, J.P. Smith Survey, Pohl 4580 (SMU). Newton Co., Off TX Hway 87, ca. 8 mi. S of Bleakwood, Allen 20409 et al. (BRIT). Nueces Co., Beach near Corpus Cristi, Wolff 2345 (SUM). Ochiltree Co., Perryton sewage disposal pond, Headlee 115 (TEX); 3.5 mi. S of Perryton, Stephens 71605 ; 5.5 mi. N of Perryton, Stephens 71581 (KANU); 14 mi. S, 9 mi. W of Perryton, Stephens 82494 (KANU). Orange Co., 1 mi. S of Bridge City, Gould 11990 (TAES). Pecos Co., Flowering Wells, N of Ft. Stockton, Warnock T465 . Palo Pinto Co., George Morre Farm (sandy upland), Caddell s.n. (BRIT). Potter Co., 0.2 mi. E of Hwy 11, N of Imperial, Druse & Dale 203\u201342 (TAES); 27 mi. E of Amarillo, Tharp 4165 (TEX). Presidio Co., Near pool in Brocks Canyon, Hinckley 2996 (TAES); Sierra Tierra Vieja, W branch of ZH Canyon near Vieja Pass, Hinckley 1998 . Randall Co., Palo Duro Canyon, ca. 2 mi. NE of Canyon off Interstate 87, Higgins 11419 (NY); Ca. 2 mi. SE of Canyon, Higgins 11553 (NY); Buffalo Lake Nat. Wildlife Refuge, ca. 13 mi. W of Canyon, Higgins 12542 ; Banks of Buffalo Lake NWF, 2 mi. S of Umbarger, Crutchfield 3572 (TEX); 2.5 mi. S of Umbarger, Buffalo Lake NWF, Stephens 73347 (KANU); Canyon, Palmer 14085a ; 5 mi. SW of Bushland, Cory 16478 (GH). Reagan Co., 21 mi. N of Big Lake, Bacon 479 (TAES); 2.5 mi. S of Big Lake, Swallen 32763 (TAES); 5.5 mi. SW of Brushland, Parks & Cory 16477 (TAES); Bishop Ranch, NW of Stiles, Cory 4919 (GH). Reeves Co., ca. 15 mi. S of Pecos towards saragosa, Warnock 10178 . San Patricio Co., Aransas Pass, corner of Conn Harbor Rd. and Hwy 361, Jones & Jones 727 (TAES); Welder Wildlife Area, 9 mi. NE of Sinton, Box 58 (TAES); ibid., Section 31, Lot 10, ca. 0.3 mi. E of entrance gate on US Hwy 77, Snow 5921 (MO). Roberts Co., 29 mi. S of Perryton, Stephens 71772 (KANU). Sherman Co., 14 PageBreakmi. E, 12 mi. S, 4.5 mi. E of Stratford, Stephens 82391 (KANU). Swisher Co., Kress, Shinners 21130 (TAES); 12 mi. SE of Tulia, Stephens 81216 (KANU); 5 mi. E of Tulia enar Lake Tuila, Whitehouse 9969 (SMU). Taylor Co., Lake Lytle near Abilene, Tolstead 7559 . Terrell Co., 3 mi. E of Dryden, Warnock 11897 . Travis Co., Shoal Ck., N of Greenlawn Parkway bridge, Austin, Carr and Price 9212 (TAES); Lake Austin flood plain, Tharp 5143 (TEX); Colorado Riv., Austin, Tharp 3085 (TEX). Val Verde Co., Devil\u2019s Riv., W of Del Rio, Silveus 2377 (TEX); W of Del Rio, Devil\u2019s Riv., Silveus 269 (TEX). Webb Co., State Hwy 359, Lobo Ck., 14 mi. E of Laredo, Ramirez et al. 8678 ; Laredo, Shinners 17223 (SMU); State Hwy 359, Lobo Creek, 14 mi. E of Laredo, Ramirez 8687 et al. (SMU). Wichita Co., S side of Wichita Falls, Shinners 15847 (SMU). Zapata Co., End of Texas FM 496, ca. 2.5 mi. W of Zapata, gravelly shores of Falcon Lake, Snow 5900 (MO); ca. 250 m W of end of Texas FM 496, ca. 2.5 mi. W of Zapata, mucky shores of Falcon Lake, Snow 5901 (MO); Falcon Lake State Park, mowed grassy area in camping area, Snow 5903 (MO). Utah. Cache Co., Shallow water in marsh 5 mi.W of Logan, Holmgren and Woolf 8261 (UC). Grand Co., 2 mi. due NNE of Moab, sand bars of the Colorado Riv., Welsh 16370 (NY); ca. 0.5 mi. W of Dewey Bridge, Colorado Riv. Canyon, ca. 30 mi. from Moab, Welsh et al. 9469 . Juab Co., 18.5 km ESE of Lynndyl, Utah, along Hwy 132, Goodrich 21876 (NY). Salt Lake Co., Salt Lake City, W bank of Jordan Riv. at 2300 So., Arnow 3745 (MO). Utah Co., East shore of Utah Lake near mouth of Provo River, Harrison 9882 (ARIZ). Washington Co., St George, S of town along Virgin River Parkway, Higgins 23563 (MU). Virginia. Isle of Wight Co., Sand\u2013beach of James Riv., W of old Fort Boykin, Fernald and Long 13529 (GH). Princess Anne Co., Inner border of brackish to fresh marsh along Back Bay, at E margin of Long Island, Fernald & Long 10522 ; Tidal marsh by Cobham Bay, James Riv., NW of Chippokes, Fernald & Long 12540 (GH); [...] Bay, E of Munden, Fernald and Long 1083 (VPI); [...] Back Bay, E of Creeds, Fernald & Long 10884 (GH). Surry Co., Fish House Bay, Hog Island State Waterfowl Refuge, Ware 6024 ; Fresh to brackish tidal marshes, Hog Island, Fernald & Long 12541 (GH). Washington: Klickitat Co., Damp sandy Riv. shore at Bingen, Suksdorf 11939 ; Damp sandy Riv. shore at Bingen, Suksdorf 10296 . Whitman Co., Sandy bank of Snake Riv., Wawawai, St. John 6734 (US). West Virginia: Mason Co., berm of St. Rt 2, 0.5\u20130.7 mi. SW, US Rt. 35 bridge at Henderson, Cusick 24591 . Ohio Co., berm of US Rt 40 at E limits of Triadelphia, Cusick 25726 ; Nearly barren berm of US Rt 40 at NE limits of Valley Grove, Cusick & Shelton 29794 (CM). Wisconsin: Dane Co., Madison, Lake Wingra, Vilas Beach, Iltis 28184 (NY). Milwaukee Co., In cinders, Menomonee Valley railroad yards at 16th St., Milwaukee, Shinners 2623 . Richland Co., Seminary Street sidewalk at the railroad tracks, Richland Center, Nee 3358 (UC). Wyoming: Crook Co., T55N, R60W, Sec. 4, SW \u00bc, Larson 8278 (KANU). Big Horn Co., Yellowland Wildlife Management Area, Heidel 2123 (MONTU); Goshen Co., Springer Reservoir, ca. 15 air mi. SSW of Torrington, Snow 6072 ; Springer Reservoir, ca. 1.5 air mi. S of Yoder, ca. 13.5 PageBreakair mi. SSW of Torrington, Nelson 2498 ; Hawk Springs Reservoir, ca. 6.5 air mi. SE of Hawk Springs, ca. 25 air mi.S of Torrington, Nelson 2522 . Platte Co., Glendo State Park, Glendo Reservoir, receding shorline of Whiskey Gulch, Snow 6082 . Venezuela. Falcon: Coro, margen de charca entre el aeropuerto y las dunas, Wingfield 5867 . US Virgin Islands. St. Croix, St. John, Ricksecker 306 .Taxon classificationPlantaePoalesPoaceae(J. Presl) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow. Ann. Bot. 109: 1327. 2010.MegastachyauninerviaPoauninervia (J. Presl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 344. 1833. Eragrostisuninervia (J. Presl) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 278. 1854. Brizopyrumuninervium (J. Presl) E. Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 121. 1886. Leptochloauninervia (J. Presl) Hitchc. and Chase, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18(7): 383. 1917. Diplachneuninervia (J. Presl) Parodi, Revista Centro Estud. Agron. 18: 147. 1925. Leptochloafusca(L.)Kunthsubsp.uninervia (J. Presl) N. Snow, Novon 8: 79. 1998. Diplachnefusca(L.)Roem. & Schult.var.uninervia (J. Presl) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow, Phytoenuron 2012-72: 12. J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 283. 1830. TridensvirensType. BRAZIL. Habitat in graminosis ad fluvim S. Francisci in provincia Bahiensi et Permambucana, ad Joazeiro et alibi\u201d, Collector unknown, Nees Herb. . Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 476. 1829. DiplachneverticillataTridensverticillatus Meyen, Reise Erde 1: 408. 1834, nom. nud. Uralepisverticillata (Nees and Meyen) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 248. 1854. Type. CHILE. Copiapo, Mar 1881, FJF Meyen s.n. . Nees and Meyen, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.\u2013Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19: Sup. 1: 27. 1841; 159. 1843. Nom. Nud. FetucaglyceroidesType. PERU. In camp. Medicag. det. Tacna, Lechler 1574  [BAA00003539]!; LE [LE00000734]!, GOET, n.v., P !, US, fragment ex GOET [00513498]!, W [0032101]!). Steud., Berberid. Amer. Austral. 56. 1857. Nom. nud. AtropiscarinataDiplachnecarinata (Griseb.) Hack., Bol. Acad. Ci. (C\u00f3rdoba) 16: 253. 1900. Puccinelliacarinata (Griseb.) Ponert, Feddes Repert. 84(9\u201310): 739. 1974. Type. ARGENTINA. Jujuy: El Volc\u00e1n, 12-13 May 1873, Lorentz & Hieronymus 741 . Griseb., Abh. Konigl. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 24: 291. 1879. LeptochloaimbricataDiplachneimbricata (Thurb.) Scribn., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 10(1): 30. 1883. Rabdochloaimbricata (Thurb.) Kuntze, R\u00e9vis. Gen. Pl. 2: 788. 1891. Type. United States of America. California. Southern part of San Diego County, Larken\u2019s Station, 1875, E Palmer PageBreak404 . Thurb., Bot. California 2: 293. 1880. LeptochloavirletiiLeptochloavirletii E. Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 566. 1885. Nom. nud. Type. MEXICO. Prox de San Luis Potos\u00ed, Virlet 1404 . The specimen chosen for the lectotype was also cited by Parodi, Rev. Fac. Agron. Veterin. 6: 19. 1927. Parodi, Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 6: 36. 1927; Revista Fac. Agron. Veterin. 6: 18. 1927. DiplachnefestuciformisType. LIBYA. C Ricceri & CH Steinberg 129 (holotype: FI!). H. Scholz, Willdenowia 11(1): 98. 1981. MEXICO. Haenke 101 .Plants annual . Culms (15\u2013) 25\u2013110 cm tall, 2.0\u20135.0 mm wide at base, round, erect, ascending, often branching; nodes glabrous; internodes 2\u201311 cm long, soft, hollow. Leaf sheaths longer or shorter than the internodes, often flattened below, glabrous on sides and margins; ligules 5\u20138 mm long; blades (2\u2013)5\u201337 cm long, 2.0\u20135.5 mm wide, linear, usually densely scabrous above, sparsely to densely scabrous below. Panicles 10\u201357 \u00d7(0.5\u2013) 3\u201318 cm, branches (3\u2013)10\u201360 and most or all exserted at maturity; branches (0.3\u2013)2\u201311 cm long, mostly alternate along the rachis, ascending to erect, stiff or slightly flexuous, minutely scabrous, axils glabrous. Spikelets 5\u201310 mm long, rarely distant to normally imbricate (sometimes tightly so); florets (3\u2013)6\u201310; callus sparsely sericeous; lower glumes 1.0\u20132.6 mm long, narrowly triangular, narrowly ovate, or ovate, glabrous or scabrous on midnerve, acute to aristate or mucronate; upper glumes 1.8\u20132.8 mm long, obovate to widely ovate, glabrous or scabrous on midnerve, obtuse, acute, or rarely mucronate; lemmas 2.0\u20133.6 mm long, ovate or elliptic, light brown to very dark green or somewhat plumbeous, lateral nerves more or less prominent and generally extending to edges, sparsely sericeous below on lateral nerves and often midnerve, glabrous between nerves, apex broadly acute, more commonly obtuse to truncate, sometimes bifid or mucronate; paleas subequal or slightly longer than lemma, elliptic, sericeous along nerves; apex obtuse. Stamens 3; anthers 0.4\u20131.0 mm long, yellow. Caryopses 1.0\u20131.5 mm long, 0.7\u20130.8 mm wide, elliptic, ovate, or obovate in hilar profile, transversely elliptic in transverse section, hilar groove lacking, smooth or slightly rugose, brown; pericarp weakly adnate to endosperm.D.fuscasubsp.fascicularis. As reported above for PageBreakrenchymatous pillars not associated with outermost vascular bundles absent. Inner sclerenchymatous ring canal tissue absent. Kranz sheath cells present. Kranz sheath cell canal tissue absent or present. Vascular bundles nested in outer portion of Kranz sheath cell canals not applicable. Sclerenchymatous rings surrounding vascular bundles located inside inner sclerenchymatous ring absent. Sclerenchymatous rings (5\u201310 cells thick) surrounding outermost primary vascular bundles absent.Internodes hollow. Inner sclerenchymatous ring present. Peripheral sclerenchymatous ring present. Peripheral sclerenchymatous girders connected to the outermost vascular bundles present or absent. Intervascular peripheral sclen=10 , where it is considered to be non-native based on relatively few older collections (early 20th Century or earlier). In contrast, the occurrences north of Virginia are certainly all non-native. Given its greater abundance in parts of the USA, M\u00e9xico and South America , it is hypothesised that this taxon is an amphitropical disjunct, although it was not reported as such previously . Native: In the New World mostly south of Latitude 37\u00b0N, south to Argentina, occasionally adventive in Old World; open mesic areas, agricultural lands, saline flats, mangrove swamps. Elevation PageBreakfrom sea level to 1200 m . Non-native: Australia (Snow & Simon 1997), New Zealand, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Spain .The native and non-native distributions of Least Concern  given itUninervia, meaning one-nerved, may be a reference to the prominent nerve on the glumes.Mexican sprangletop. Argentina: hierba paymilla, (Aguilar 1 [NY]). M\u00e9xico: zacate salado mexicano; zacate gigante peruano. Venezuela: paja de rat\u00f3n (Campos 519 [US]).Diplachnefuscasubsp.uninervia has a greater tendency to become invasive and weedy compared to other taxa in the genus  narrowly elliptic to elliptic in profile. Some specimens from Arizona and California have highly contracted panicles with erect branches . However, most others have more open and diffuse paniPageBreakcles . The often truncate (or sub-truncate) and frequently mucronate apex of the lemma and smoky white glumes can make this subspecies appear similar to the southern African form some have called D.cuspidata , which the authors include as a synonym of D.f.subsp.fusca.The panicle of D.fusca from the Canary Islands .Argentina. Buenos Aires: Dpto. Fred G. Meyer, General Pacheco, en el ba\u00f1ado del r\u00edo \u201cLas Conchas\u201d, Krapovickas 2723 (MO); Becca, Burkart 26443 (US); Retiro, Parodi 8102 (GH); Vicente L\u00f3pez, Parodi 7693 (GH). Chaco: Dpto. Resistencia, entre Barranqueras e Isla Antequeras, Krapovickas & Crist\u00f3bal 12747 ; Las Palmas, J\u00f6rgensen 2448 ; Dpto. San Mart\u00edn, Ea. La Leonor, Schinini 26276 . C\u00f3rdoba: Salinas Grandes, S\u00e1nchez & Arriaga 1271 (MU). Dpto. A. M. Anton, La Francia, alrededores de la Estaci\u00f3n YFP, Ariza & Astegiano 2502 (NY); Dpto. Cruz del Eje, Salinas Grandes, ruta 38, sobre el l\u00edmite con La Rioja, Hunziker et al. 15876 (NY); Dpto. R\u00edo Primero, Estancia San Teodoro, Stuckert 14834 (MO) Dpto. Marcos Ju\u00e1rez, M. Ju\u00e1rez, Stuckert 14794 ; Dpto. Justo, 13 km E de La Francia, Krapovickas et al. 18507 . Corrientes: Dpto. Capital, Ruta 12, 11km W de Corrientes, camino a Sta. Ana, Shinini 16056 (US); Dpto. Itat\u00ed, Ramada Paso, Krapovickas and Quar\u00edn 20928 (NY); Dpto. Mburucuy\u00e1, Estancia \u201cSanta Teresa\u201d, Pedersen 1880 ; 50 km al N de Mercedes, Zuloaga et al. 3348 (MO); Dpto. San Cosme, Paso de la Patria, Nicora 8679 (MO); Dpto. San Miguel, 12 km S de Caa\u2013Cat\u00ed, Ahumada 1710 (MO); Dpto. Paso de los Libres, Parada Pucheta, Ruta Nac. no. 127, Ahumada 2547 (MO); Dpto. Saladas, Rio San Lorenzo, Schwarz 9408 (US); Dpto. Empedrado, Estancia \u201cLa Yela\u201d, Pedersen 11671 . Entre Rios: Dpto. Federaci\u00f3n, R\u00edo Mocoret\u00e1, ruta 14, Burkart & Gamerro 21599 ; Dpto. Gualeguaych\u00fa, Puerto Constanza, Burkart 21640 (SI); Dpto. La Paz, distrito Banderas, Estancia La Esperanza, Burkart & Bacigalupo 21041 (SI); Gualeguaych\u00fa, Troncoso and Bacigalupo 3231 (MU). Formosa: Dpto. Boca del Bermejo, Estancia \u201cHerradura\u201d, Pedersen 1237 ; Dpto. Pati\u00f1o, ca. 30 km SW Villa General G\u00fcemes, Chapin and Eskuche AC20319 (SI); Brazo N del r\u00edo Pilcomayo, a la altura de Monte Lindo y en las Pampas, entre Puesto Whassich y Parada, Cordini 74 ; Ruta 11 km 110, Morel 3676 (US); Ruta 11 vieja, al N de Ayo. Francesa Cu\u00e9, Guaglianone et al. 264 ; Dpto. Piran\u00e9, Pierotti 4138 ; Ab. loco, J\u00f6rgensen 2445 (SI); Ruta 11 vieja, al N de Ayo. Francesa Cu\u00e9 y S de Ea. La Emilia, Guaglianone 358 (SI). La Roja: Vinchina, Burkart 12229 (MU). Jujuy: Dpto. San Pedro, San Lucas, Cabrera et al. 27531 (SI). La Pampa: Dpto. Catrilo, Uriburu, Fortuna 9 ; Uriburu, Fortuna 55 ; 1 km N of Volcan and 6 km S of Tumbaya on Hwy 9, Peterson & Annable 10265 ; Sierra Lihuel\u2013Calel near campground in Park, along creek, PageBreakPeterson & Annable 11237 . Mendoza: Dpto. Lasalle, Finca \u201cLa Holanda\u201d, Dawson and Pujals 1459 (LP); Prov. de San Lu\u00eds, Estaci\u00f3n Jarilla, Leal 9134 (ARIZ); At Mendoza, Beetle 628 (UC); Sta. Rosa, Jensen\u2013Haarup 1905 (US); Guaymall\u00e9n\u2013corralitos, Semper 309 (MICH). La Rioja: Dpto. Gral. Samadrid, Villa Castelli, Meyer 4112 . Dpto. Rosario Vera, Chelcos, Pe\u00f1aloza, Stuckert 18787 ; Chelcos, Pe\u00f1aloza, Stuckert 18755 (NY); Dpto. San Mart\u00edn, Ulapes, Stuckert 17072 ; Dpto. Gral. Belgrano, alrededores del paraje Cortaderas, cerca de la Ruta Nac. no. 79, Biurrun & Pagliari 6313 (ARIZ). Neuqu\u00e9n: Capital, Parodi 2711 (BAA). Rio Negro: Vicinity of General Roca, Fischer 49 ; Isla Choele\u2013Choel, Clos 3591 (BAA). Salta: Dpto. Ancash, fuera de pampa de grama, Aguilar 1 (NY); Rosario de la Frontera, Lillo 3901 . San Juan: Dpto. Calingasta, Calingasta, Fabrus & Marchionni 2398 (LP); at km 1137, 26.7 km SE of Molinos on Hwy 40, Peterson et al. 10178 ; Dpto. Calingasta, Agricultural road E of Hwy 412 and W of Rio Castano Viejo, 16 km N of Calingasta, 10 km S of Puchuzun, Peterson et al. 19255 ; Dpto. Iglesia, Villa Nueva, Castellanos 15395 (US); Dpto. Sarmiento, camino de Mendoza a San Juan, cerca de Media Agua, Nicora 4285 (SI); Dpto. Zonda, Sierra Alta de Zonda, km 29 del camino a Calingasta, Nicora et al. 8446 . San Lu\u00eds: Alto Pencoso, Baruch\u2013Carette s.n. (NY); Between Chomes and Alto [P]encosa, Beetle 573 (SMU). Santa Fe: R\u00edo Salado, Job 1118 ; R\u00edo Salado, Isla Sivori, Job 619 (US); Dpto. Gral. Obligado, entre ruta 11 y Villa Guillermina, Pensiero & Vegetti 2585 (MO); Dpto. 9 de Julio, 2 km E de ruta 95, a 50 km N de Tostado, Pensiero & Vegetti 2735 (MO); Dpto. General Obligado, Pensiero and Vegetti 2611 (MO); Dpto. San Crist\u00f3bal, Esteban Rams, en tereno adjacente a la estacci\u00f3n, Krapovickas 657 . Santiago del Estero: Dpto. Banda, ab loco, Wahnish 2056 (SI); Dpto. Capital, Capital, Bianchi 35554 (GH); Dpto. Carlos Pellegrini, Rio Ure\u00f1a, ba\u00f1ados del r\u00edo, Venturi 5661 (SI); Dpto. Capital, alrededores cuidad Sao, R\u00edo Dulces, Ulibarri 1775 (SI); Dpto. Cope, San Jos\u00e9 de Boquer\u00f3n, Luna 1239 (US); Dpto. Pellegrini, Rio Urue\u00f1a, Venturi 5661 ; Dpto. Robles, Colonia Jaimez, Luna 1380 (MO); Dpto. de Silipic, Bartlett 20430 (US). Tucum\u00e1n: Dpto. Burruyacu, Cerro del Campo, Venturi 7654 (SI); El Puestito, Venturi 7672 ; Dpto. Cruz Alta, orilla del rio Sal\u00ed, Venturi 760 ; Ab loco, Monetti 1028 . Dpto. Leales, Cha\u00f1ar Pozo, Venturi 439 ; Dpto. Monteros, Acharal, orillas del r\u00edo Arenilla, Venturi 2543 ; Dpto. Trancas, Tapia, Rodr\u00edguez 194 . Australia. New South Wales: Newington Naval Arms Depot, Homebush Bay, Jacobs 6546 (NSW). Northern Territory: Elparpa [= Ilparpa] Swamp, Latz 7607 (NSW); Palm Valley, 12 mi. SW of Hermannsburg, Mission, Lazarides 5290 (NSW). Queensland: Moreton Dist., Brisbane, Pinkenba, Blake 23075 ; Indooropilly, Brown 243 ; North Kennedy Dist., Town of Bowen, in ditches along Roadside, Snow & Simon 7387 ; Awonga Dam, Iveragh Reach, 15 km SE of Calliope, Gibson TOI347 (BRI). South Australia: Barker Inlet South Wetland, Adelaide, Green 1988 (BRI); Water\u2019s Bolivar Sewage Treatment Works, Bolivar and St. Kilda, Adelaide, Green 1993 (BRI). Tasmania: Woodbury, Black 1270.635 . Western AusPageBreaktralia: 123 km S of Mt. Augustus station on Landor/Mt. Augustus Rd at Landor Ck, Peterson et al. 14375 ; Tank near Milbillillie H/S, Craven 5383 ; Kimberely Research Stn., Kununurra, Parker 471 (BRI); Carawine Gorge, ca. 140 km SE of Shay Gap, Newbey 10463 (CANB); Corong Ck., Woodstock Stn., S of Port Hedland, Burbidge 5845 (CANB); Dept. of Agric. Exper. Farm, Kununurra, Gilbey s.n. (CANB). Belize. The Fort Belize, Smart 46 (US). Bolivia. Cochabamba: Prov. Cercado, City of Cochabamba, the NW shore of Laguna Alalay, Ritter 745 (NHA); Cochabamba, Steinbach 8746 ; San Pedro, San Pedro, Sahonero 19 (MO); LA PAZ: Colcapirhua (Cochabamba) a 7 kms, Adolfo 155 (US); Punata\u2013Cochabamba, Spiaggi 39 (US). Brazil. Amap\u00e1: Rio Araguar\u00ed, entre Apurema e Uruguaina, Black & Froes 51\u201312376 (US); S\u00e3o Joaquim, Black & Lobato 50\u20139399 (US). Mato Grosso do Sul: Faz. Bodoquena, Carandazal, Mun. de Corumb\u00e1, Allem et al. 2197 (MO). Par\u00e1: Fazenda Camburupy, near Soure, Isla de Maraj\u00f3, Swallen 4926 (US); Maraj\u00f3 Island, Estate \u201cGavinho\u201d, Goeldi 173 . Rio Grande do Norte: Angicos, Swallen 4704 (BAA). Canary Islands. Gran Canaria, Wasserstellen im Barranco de Maspalomas n\u00e4he der Meeresm\u00fcndung bei El Oasis, Scholz s.n. (B). Chile. Atacama: Pica, P\u00e9rez 20596 (US). Tacna: Tacna, Werdermann 735 ; desert of Arica, Skottsberg & Skottsberg 1103 (NY). Tatrapac\u00e1: Ab loco, Phillippi 3 (US) and Philippi 1888 (W); Arica, Jaffuel 1606 (BAA); Valle de Lluta, Arica, Pfister 9488 (US); Iquique, Barros 716 (BAA); [collected from] ca. 1/2 mi.S of Victoria, Salar del Sul, Norte Grande , Yensen NPY800428-16 (ARIZ). China. Hong Kong: Castle Peak, China Light Ash Lagoon, Hu & But 22508 (A); Hong Kong, Castle Peak, Power Station, Hu & But 22229 . Colombia. Atl\u00e1ntico: Entre Palmar de Varela y Ponedera, Dugand 5304 . Magdalena: Ci\u00e9nega, alrededores de Aguacoca, Romero\u2013Casta\u00f1eda 7268 . Costa Rica. Guanacaste: ca. 1 km E of Rio Tempisque ferry, Crow 6110 . Cuba. Oriente: Near Novaliches Stn, S of Guant\u00e1namo, Hioram 1359 (US); Estaci\u00f3n de Novaliche, Guant\u00e1namo, Hioram 2166 . Diego Garcia: Grass in coral sand quarry east of runway, Whistler 9775 (US); in clearing, Field 112 (K). Ecuador. Guayas: Guayaquil, near the cement mill, Asplund 7695 ; Guayaquil, wet clayey ground, Asplund 15991 (NY). Egypt. 166 km from Cairo on the desert road to Alexandria, Amin et al. s.n. ; Rice cultivation at Mut, Dakhla Oasis, El Hadidi 623 . Honduras. Choluteca: 2 km NO San Bernardo, Repulski 503 (MO). Jamaica. Hills W of Great salt Ponds, Orcutt 6470 (UC); Port Henderson, Ridley 132 (US); Salt ponds, Harris 12309 . Jordan. Wadi Araba, 50 km S of Ghor Safi, 5\u20138 km E of the main road to Aqaba, along the lane to Ammarien and Sadien tribes farm, Al\u2013Eisawi 2429 (BM). M\u00e9xico. Baja California Norte: Mpio. de Ensenada, 3 km N of Maneadero, Moran 24517 (ENCB); Adobe flat in La Mesa, SE of Tiujuana, Moran 18568 (ENCB); Mpio. de Mexicali, ca. 0.3 km S from Prese Morelos, Felger 06-17 et al. (ARIZ); Mpio. de Mexicali, Lower R\u00edo Colorado valley, adjacent to irrigated agriculture, Felger 06-38 et al. (ARIZ); Along draw, Chase 5518 (US); Canyon de Guadalupe, Thorne et al. 61679 (RSA); Punta Banda, SW of Ensenada, Beetle M\u20132825 (RSA) Entrance to San PageBreakCarlos Canyon S of Ensenada, Beetle & Alcaraz M-6598 (ARIZ). Baja California Sur: Banks of Rio Colorado below Yuma, MacDougal s.n. (NY); R\u00edo Comond\u00fa, along road to Comond\u00fa, 14.25 road mi. NE of E. Francisco Villa, Baker 8740 & Johnson (ARIZ); La Paz, Palmer 134 ; El Centenario, 10 km al SW de La Paz, Dom\u00ednguez L. 381 (ARIZ); Sandy beach near El Centenario, W of La Paz, Reeder & Reeder 6732 ; Quitovac between Sonoyta & Caborca, Nabhan 161 (ARIZ); Villa Ignacio Zaragosa, ca. 10 km NW of Ciudad Insurgentes, Snow 6484 & Prinzie ; N of Villa Constitucion, 20 km E of Insurgentes, Beetle M\u20132477 (MO); Arroyo de San Raymondo, 78 km NW of La Pur\u00edssima, Carter et al. 2501 ; San Jos\u00e9 del Cabo, Purpus 312 ; Vicinity of San Jose del Cabo, Wiggins 5685B (US). Chiapas: Mpio. Tonal\u00e1, E shor of Mar Muerto, N of Pared\u00f3n, Breedlove & Thorne 20834 ; Mpio. Tonal\u00e1, NW of Puerto Arista, mangroves behind sand dunes, Breedlove & Davidse 54224 ; Mpio. of Tonal\u00e1, mangroves behind sand dunes NW of Puerto Arista, Breedlove 52842 . Chihuahua: Cerca del rio, Pringle 438 (MEXU). Guanajuato: Irapuato, Hitchcock 7432 (US). Guerrero: Coyuca, Hinton et al. 5543 . Jalisco: 2 km al N de El Palo Blanco, ejido el Lim\u00f3n, Santana M. 8283 et al. (BRIT); 8 km al S de Acatl\u00e1n de Ju\u00e1rez, Rzedowski 14516 (ENCB); Rio Blanco, Palmer 331 ; 9 mi.N of Zocoalco, by the road towards Acatlan, Dorado et al. 1676b (RSA); Laguna de Zacoalco, D\u00edaz Luna 1063 ; Lagoon SW of Guadalajara, 20 km despues de Calera, Beetle M-5313 & Guzman M (ARIZ). Morelos: Mpio. Tlaquiltenango, Lagunillas a la altura del Terraplen, Vasquez 660 . Nayarit: Matachen, beyond the point S of San Blas, McVaugh 19450 . Oaxaca: N of Tuxtepec, Nelson 367 (US). Sinaloa: 14.9 road mi. S of border of Sonora along Hwy 15, Snow 6527 & Prinzie ; Headwaters of the Mazatlan Riv., Wright 1317a (US); Vicinity of Mazatl\u00e1n, about a salt marsh, Rose et al. 14108 . Puebla: Mpio. de Tehuac\u00e1n, Tehuac\u00e1n, NW side of town near the highway to Puebla, Steinmann & Steinmann 2401 (ARIZ). M\u00e9xico: 10.5 mi.N of Aculco on Hwy 55 towards San Juan Del Rio, Peterson 21305, Saarela & Flores Villegas 21305 (US). Sonora: Sonoyta, northwest side of town ca. 0.5 mi. south of river, Felger 86-402A & Joseph (ARIZ); Wuitovac between Sonoyta aand Caborca, Nabhan 161 (ARIZ); Presa Derivadora, on R\u00edo Santo at NE side of town of Sonohyta, Felger 86-297 & Leigh (ARIZ); ca. 3.5 km E of village of Tastiota, Bunnell et al. 20891 (ARIZ); 2.3 mi. on Sonora Hwy 24 N of El Sahuaral, Felger 86-27 & Straub (ARIZ); Mpio. de Pitiquito: Pozo Coyote, small ranch ca. 10 km northwards from El Desemboque along the Arroyo San Ignacio, Felger 83-104 et al. (ARIZ); 3 km E of Puerto Pe\u00f1asco, empty lot between beach houses, Felger 85-800 (ARIZ); ca. 10 mi. W of Sonoyta on Mex Hwy 2, Felger 20594 et al. (ARIZ); R\u00edo Sonoyta, ca. 1.6 km SSW of Quitobaquito, Felger 89-34 & Broyles (ARIZ); R\u00edo Sonoyta 21 km on Mex 2 W of Sonoyta, at ca. 1 km W of Quitobaquito and ca. 1 km S of highway, Felger 85-972 & Van Houten (ARIZ); R\u00edo Sonoyta at Sonoyta, Felger 85-708 & Dimmitt (ARIZ); Rio Magdalena at Tumutama road in Magdalena, Reina G. 2001-602 et al. (ARIZ); Cienega de Santa Clara, delta region of PageBreakRio Colorado, 7.7 mi. along canal road SW of El Golfo-San Luis Hwy, Felger 92-524 et al. (ARIZ); 18 km S of San Luis R\u00edo Colorado on road to El Golfo, Felger 85-1042 & Van Houten (ARIZ); San Luis R\u00edo Colorado, W side of the city, on the east bank of the R\u00edo Colorado, Felger 93-204 & Ortiz Reyna (ARIZ); ca. 2 km NW of Condominios Pilar at ca. 0.5 km W of Estero Soldado, vicinity of Bah\u00eda San Carlos, Felger 84-522 (ARIZ); Intersection of Hwys 15 and 128, ca. 25 road mi. W of Navojoa, Snow 6598 ; Mpio. de Yecora, El Llano de Curea, Reina 2004-539 (ARIZ); 2 mi. NW of Sahural, between Guaymas and Kino Bay, Spellenberg 4603 ; Yaqui Riv., Palmer 5 ; SE of Guaymas, along Hwy 15, ca. 100 m S of km 82 signpost, Snow 6567 & Prinzie ; Along Hwy 14 leading NE out of Hermosillo, ca. 37.5 km SW of Ures, Snow 6568 & Prinzie ; Hermosillo, Hitchcock 3577 (US); 2.3 mi. on Son. Hwy 24 N of El Sahuaral, Felger and Straub 86\u201327 (MICH). Tamaulipas: Matamoros, km 25 al S de la playa Lauro Villar, Baro 253 (MO); Mpio. Valle Hermoso, \u201cDistrito 025\u201d, Mora\u2013Olivo 5182 (MO); Mpio. Gonz\u00e1lez Manuel, Villega\u2013L\u00f3pez 271 (MO). Veracruz: Near Ebano, banks of Panuco, LeSueur 662 (ARIZ); Mpio. Panuco, Laguna de Tamos, sobre la carretera Tampico\u2013Panuco, Calzada & Marquez 4503 . New Zealand. Waikato: Thames, Walker 25084 (US). Nicaragua. Managua: S shore of Lago de Managua, ca. km 31 on Carretera Nueva a Leon, near Piedras Azules, Stevens 13157 . Paraguay. Boqueron: Estancia Primavera, Ram\u00edrez 25 (BAA); Isla Poi, Col. Menno, Laguna Captian, Vanni et al. 2036 (MO); Col. Fernheim, Ea. Laguna Por\u00e1, Vanni et al. 2580 ; Ruta Trans Chaco, en pr\u00e9stamos al lado del camino con aqua semi\u2013permanente, Schinini & Palacios 25800 (MO); Puerto Casado, Rojas 2305 (US); Puerto Casado, Rojas 8783 (US); FC Casado km 10, Rosengurtt B\u20135852 ; Puerto Casado, Hartley SH126 (US); Puerto Casado and vicinity, near Estancia \u201cGuajh\u00f3\u201d, Pedersen 4071 (MO). Chaco: Loma Clavel, Hassler 2461 ; Puerto Guarani, Rojas 13594 (NY); Estancia Gustafson, Rosengurtt B\u20135481 ; Dpto. General Pacheco, Partido de Pilar, en el ba\u00f1ado del R\u00edo \u201cLas Conchas\u201d, Krapovickas 2723 ; Al S de Villa Hayes, Rosengurtt B\u20135622 (US). Presidente Hayes: Pilcomayo Riv., Morong 981 ; Concepci\u00f3n \u2013 Pozo Colorado, Zardini and Guerro 37529 (MO). Peru. Ancash: Prov. Santa, Pampa la Grama, Aguilar s.n. (MO 2995176). Arequipa: 15 km W of Arequipa on Hwy to jct. with Pan Americana, SW of Puente Uchumayo, Peterson et al. 20786 ; Carmana\u2013Calderona, Anderson 833 (US); Camana, Anderson 823 (UC). Cajamarca: Prov. Pacasmayo, Dpto. La Libertad, en el desv\u00edo de la carretera a Cajamarca, sobre la Panamericana, S\u00e1nchez 2988 (MO). Prov. San Miguel, a 3 km de la localidad de Quind\u00e9n, sobre la carretera a San Miguel, S\u00e1nchez 2749 (MO). Huanuco: Weed in the public garden, Macbride & Featherstone 2443 (US). Huarochiri: Dpt. Lima, San Bartolom\u00e9, Asplund 11204 (NY). Ica: Prov. Ica, Orillas de la laguna de Huacachina, Cerrate 899 (US); Rio Ingenio, Angulo 2430 (NY). La Libertad: Prov. Trujillo, Haceinda Tanguchi, Angulo 1876 (US); Chicama Valley, Graywood Smyth 46 (US); Prov. Trujillo; Barraza, Sagastegui 7635 (MO); Prov. Trujillo, Hda. Santa Clara, Gagliardi 6516 (GH). Lambayeque: On E side of Chiclayo, Hudson PageBreak927 (MO). Lima: Paramanya, Anderson 415 (US); Prov. Alrededores de La Molina, 13 km Este de Lima, Ferreyra 11113 (US); Prov. Huarochiri, San Bartolom\u00e9, Asplund 11204 (US). Loreto: Maynas, Playa de Timicurillo just above (ca. 5 km) Baradero de Maz\u00e1n, sandy beach of R\u00edo Amazonas, McDaniel & Rimachi 23074 . Piura: Hacienda Buenos Aires, Anderson 573 ; Despoblado\u2013kil 970, Anderson 931 (UC); Ab. loco, Haught 116 (US). Rosengurtt B-7410 . San Jose: Barra, Herter 81619 . Puerto Rico. San Juan, vertedero area, Garc\u00eda and Quevedo s.n. (NY); Area Vertedero, San Juan, Woodbury s.n. et al. (BRIT). Saudi Arabia. Eastern: Adh-Dhulayqiyah, Al-Hasa, King Faysal Univ. Res. Farm, Mandaville 7810 (BM). Northern Hijaz Region: Yanbu al-Sinaiyah, Goddard s.n. (K). Province unknown: Hofuf Agric. Res. Centre, Kasasian 1478 (BM); Riyadh, road to Hair, Collenette 4874 (K); km 106.5 on Mecca bypass, Smith 47 (K); Hofuf Agric. Res. Centre, Parker SA126 (BM). Spain. Parc Natural del Delta de l\u2019Ebre, Masip s.n. . United States of America. Alabama: Mobile Co., SE 1.4 of NE 1/4 of Sect. 16, T4S; R2W, Univ. of South Alabama Property, Mobile, SE of Three Mile Ck., Lelong 6460 (NCU); Along US 90\u201398 causeway over Mobile Bay, Kral 28449 (US); By Battleship Park, along US 90\u201398 causeway over Mobile Bay, Kral 28449 (GA); Sandy dock area by truck bypass US 98\u201390 across Riv. from Mobile, Kral 56599 . Arizona: Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., Lemmon & Lemmon 360 (UC); Wilcox, Thornber s.n. (ARIZ 147339). Gila Co., Tonto National Forest, Mazatal Mts, Mt. Ord, 1.0 mi. E of Beeline Hwy (SR 87) along FR 626, Gutierrez 1497 . Graham Co., Clifton, Davidson 261 (RSA); 16 km S of Safford on US Hwy 666, Reeder & Reeder 7297 (ARIZ); ca. 2 mi. E of Solomon along US-70, Reeder & Reeder 9269 (ARIZ). Maricopa Co., Hassayampa River Preserve, S end near rest area, Makings 3739 et al. (ASU); 6 mi. E of Mesa, O.S. Stapley Ranch, McLellean & Stitt 555 (ASU); Tonto National Forest, Superstition Wilderness Area, Tortilla Trailhead, E of Tortilla Flat Post Office ca. 6 mi. on Hwy 88, Rice 1348 & Imdorf ; Tonto National Forest, Verde River, ca. 5 mi.below Bartlett Dam, Landrum 9799 et al. (ASU); Scottsdale, Blakley & McCleary B755 (ASU); Lake Pleasant, Pinkava s.n. (ASU 70803); Sierra Estrella Regional Park, Salt River Bed near park entrance, Sundell & Sundell 349 (ASU); Gila Riv. below Salt Riv. confluence, Marler 2204 (ASU); Rio Salado between junctions of Interstate 10 and 7th Ave., Damrel 1958-B & Pacheco (ASU); Salt River at Central Ave., Makings 3679 & Butler (ASU); Salt River at 115th Ave., Rea 853 (ARIZ); Along I-8, ca. 10 mi. W of Gila Bend, Thieret & Brandenburg 53036 (OKL); East of intersection of Avondale Rd. and the Salt River in Tres Rios wetlands, Wolkis 108 et al. (ASU); Mormon Flats Dam, Goodding 2494 (ARIZ); Papago Park, Pinkava & Lehto 6701 (ASU); NW Phoenix, Wilson 3815 (KSTC); Papago Park, Phoenix, Lehr & Weber 1103 (NY); near Phoenix, Orcutt 2518 (US); Biltimore Golf Course, Featherly s.n. ; Vicinity of Tempe, Gillespie 8400 (US); Phoenix, Williams 3032 (US); ibid., Griffiths 5891 (US); 11 mi.E of Gila Bend, Wolf 2310 ; Lower Dripping Springs Canyon area, White Tank Regional Park, Keil 6230 (ASU); Riverbed near Phoneix International Raceway, Keil 874 (ASU 70718); Tempe, Judd s.n. (ASU 70720 & ASU 70721); PageBreakTempe, Rural Rd. & S.P. railroad tracks, Lehto 1955 (ASU); Tempe, Double Buttes, Keil 874 & Lehto 874 (ASU 70802); ASU Campus, south of Saguaro Hall, Damrel 1094 (ASU); Gilbert, Riparian Preserve at Water Ranch, between Pond #3 and Pond #2 along Whistling Duck Way, Gutierrez 2047 ; Gilbert, near corner of Greenfield and Chandler Heights roads, Landrum 10941 & Pinto (ASU); Tempe, growing in vacant parking lots, McLellan & Stitt 552 (GH); Tempe, McLellan & Stitt 1016 (ASU); 11 mi. E of Gila Bend, Wolf 2310 (GH); Barry M. Goldwater Airforce Range, Sand Tank Mts, Bender Srping, Felger 95-426 et al. ; Palo Verde, ca. 1 mi. S of Wintersburg, Lehto & Crandell 21 (CM); Palo Verde, end of Palo Verde Rd. on N side of Gila River bottom, Landrum 9500 et al. (ASU); ca. 95 to ca. 105 Ave and Gila River, Schuessler & Lehto 17987 (ASU). Mohave Co., Lake Havasu at Toprock, Hevly s.n. et al. (ARIZ 139296). Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., Gould 4631 ; West Branch of the Santa Cruz (Riv.), Church Wash diversion, Mauz 22-024 (ARIZ); Along the Church Wash diversion, Mauz 21-67 (ARIZ); Coyote Mtns, Mendoza Canyon, Reeder & Toolin 8389 (ARIZ). Pinal Co., E of Maricopa, Rossbach 5203 (UC); 3 mi. W of Coolidge, Parker 8261 ; Experimental Farm, Sacaton, Peebles 76 et al. (ARIZ); Along AZ-287, ca. 6.5 km W of Florence, Reeder & Reeder 9388 (ARIZ); Picacho Mtns, Wiens 2005-028 (ARIZ); Coolidge, Goodding 101-41 (ASU). Yuma Co., Yuma, Vasey 540 ; Yuma, Silveus 7640 (SMU); 8.6 mi. SW of Hope, Ahles 8899 (MO); Frontage Rd S of Interstate Hwy 8, 1 road mi.W of Aztec, Yatskievych 81-132 (ARIZ); Colorado Riv. bottom near Yuma, Peebles & Harrison 5063 (US); ca. 2 km N of Laguna Dam; Pratt Agr. Lease to BLM, Felger 06-51A et al. ; Dome Valley, dirt road at Gila Riv. crossing, 0.3 mi. W of Avenue 19E and County 8th Street, Felger 06-61 et al. ; Centennial Wash, 2 mi. SE of Salome near Buckeye-Salome Rd., Butterwick & Hillyard 6392 (ASU); Fortuna Pond, 32\u00b043'25.6\"N, 114\u00b027'14.2\"W, Felger 06-55 et al. (ASU); Lower Colorado Riv., Dunfee YLD-39 et al. (ASU); Cibola National Wildlife Refuge, G & SR Meridian, Dodson 16 (ASU). Arkansas. Lafeyette Co., Sandy bank of Red Riv. at Spring Ck. Ferry on Ark. 160 W of Gin City and Bradley, Thomas & Thomas 120762 (NY). Lawrence Co., 4 mi. SW of Hoxie, Taylor s.n. (BRIT). California: County unknown: Salto Basin, MacDougal 50 (ARIZ). Escondido Co., Park Lawn, Escondido, Gander 4689 (US). Fresno Co., Selma, currently undeveloped area S of Dinuba Avenue and east of Thomason Avenue, in Young Pond, Snow & Clark 9973 (GREE). Imperial Co., Between Brawley and Westmoreland, Sanders et al. 8746 (RSA); Holtville, 15 ft. below sea level, Parish 8243 ; Palo Verde Valley, 5 airline mi. S of Palo Verde, Holmgren and Holmgren 6502 (NY); near Ranger Station, Picacho State Rec. Area, 22 air mi. N of Yuma, McLauglin 2723 & Bowers (ARIZ); Along Colorado River, Quechan Indian Reservation, McLaughlin 3231 & Bowers (ARIZ); Along CA-115 ca. 2 km NW of exit from I-8 E of Holtville, Reeder & Reeder 8157 ; 6.5 km NW of Niland, Reeder & Reeder 8244 ; 1.3 mi. N of Laguna Dam along Hwy S24, McLaughlin 2854 & Bowers (ARIZ); Roadside near Niland, Barr 67-203 (ARIZ); Ferguson Lake, Imperial Nat. Wildl. Ref., McMurry 1407 (ARIZ). Inyo Co., Cow Ck., Gioman 431 (RSA). Kern PageBreakCo., ca. 6 mi. N of Bakersfield, Nobs and Smith 469 (FSU); Rosedale, Abrams s.n. (RSA); Section 20, 5\u201310 mi. NW of Wasco, Braun 8 (CM). Los Angeles Co., W. Adams St., Los Angeles, Davidson 247 (KSC); E end of Malibu Lake, Raven & Thompson 14641 ; San Gabriel Mts, West Fork San Gabriel Riv., \u00bc mi. westerly from confluence with North Fork, Wheeler 6331 (ARIZ); San Dimas Canyon Dam, San Gabriel Mts., Wheeler 2339 (RSA); Saline flats, Hasse s.n. (MO 768959); Whittier Hills , seepage ca. 300 ft SW of Colima Rd \u00d7Camino del Sur, Ross 4168 . Merced Co., Big Water Club, E of Gustine, Nobs & Smith 136 (POM); Whittier Hills , 300 ft. SW of Loima Rod \u00d7Camino del Sur, Ross 4168 (ARIZ); Los Banos Wildlife Refuge, 1.5 N of Los Banos, Nobs & Smith 48 (ARIZ). Orange Co., Roadside drainage gutter, along W side of village of Atwood, Wiggins 20336 (RSA); from Back Bay area at Newport Beach, Sawyer 34 (ASU). Riverside Co., Vail Lake area, Temecula Ck. at confluence with lake and sedimentary hills to the east, Boyd & Ross 3801 ; 2 mi. N of Indio, Nobs & Smith 494 (ARIZ); Hemet, Bautista creek Ranches, 45200 Buatista Rd, near Fairview Ave., Lahti s.n. (MU); NW Palomar Mts, Agua Tibia Mts, Along lower Arroyo Seco, S of Dripping Springs Campground, Banks 0808 & Boyd (MU). Coachella, Salton Basin, Reed 4201 (US); N end of Lake Elsinore, Munz and Johnston 11242 ; Batista Canyon Wash, entering San Jacinto Riv. (Wash), just N of Cedar and Mt., NE end of Hemet, Peterson 4989 ; San Jacinto: 8.8 km W of State Hwy 79 on Ramona Expressway towards Lakeview, Peterson & Peterson 8123 ; ca. 2 km S of Ripley, Reeder & Reeder 8054 . San Bernadino Co., San Bernadino, Wilder 1128 (US); Arrowhead Hot Sprgs, San Bernadino Mts., Sanders et al. 13792 (RSA); Loma Linda, Munz and Johnston 8904 (GH); near San Berandino, Parish 2118 (NY); near San Bernadino, Wright s.n. (ARIZ 114027). San Diego Co., Encinitas, Gander 8801 (US); San Diego, Spencer 901 (MU). Larkin's Station, Palmer 404 ; Irrigating canals, Calexico, Abrams 4000 ; San Mateo Canyon Wilderness Area, \u201cMiller Canyon\", Boyd et al. 7554 (RSA). San Luis Obispo Co., Estrella Plains, Hwy US 466, 7 mi. E of Paso Robles, Twisselmann 9204 (RSA); San Luis Creek near junction of S Higuera Rd and US Hwy 101, Keil s.n. (ASU 75319). Santa Barbara Co., Roadside ditch ca. 1 mi. E of Buelton, Pollard s.n. (RSA); Iola Vista Tract, Goleta, Pollard s.n. (ARIZ 131363); Along shore of Lake Cachuma near the dam, Santa Ynez River, Smith 5664 (ARIZ). Sierra Co., Gold Lake, Barker 803 (RSA); Santa Barbara R.R. yards, Pollard s.n. (SMU). Tulare Co., Ab loco, Twisselmann 11614 (RSA). Sutter Co., Along Nicolaus Ave., 2.2 mi. NW of the Placer Co., line, 4.4 mi. ENE of Nicolaus, Helmkamp 15559 (ARIZ). Ventura Co., Pool in Ventura Riv. near Mill School, Ventura Ave., S of Foster Park, Pollard s.n. ; California Prep. Schol Grounds, Ojai Valley, Pollard s.n. (ARIZ 3317); Canada Larga Creek, near Southern Pacific RR trestle, ca. 1 mi. S of Foster Park, Pollard s.n. (ARIZ 175945). San Antonio Ck. at Hermosa Rd. crossing, Ojai Valley, Pollard s.n. (MO 1970989); San Antonio Ck., between Royal Oaks Dairy and Country Club Drive, Ojai, Pollard s.n. (RSA). PageBreakColorado. El Paso Co., Manitou and vicinity, Griffiths 6728 (US). Florida. Bay Co., Roadside on S 77A from US 231, Athey s.n., (WKY). Calhoun Co., Exposed shores of Apalachicola Riv. at Ocheesee Landing, Godfrey 76104 . Dixie Co., Vicinity of Fanning Spgs, Godfrey 65872 (FSU). Escabmia Co., Spray field of University Mall sewage treatment plant, Burkhalter 4903 (FLAS). Highlands Co., SR 78 1 mi.W of intersection with US 27, Lake Placid, Herndon 1508 . Hillsborough Co., FLA 37 at Polk and Manatec Co. line, 30 mi. S of Lakeland, Baltzell 5318 (FLAS); N of Tampa ca. 7 mi. NE of USF Campus, area between Cypress and Trout creeks, Lakela 24328 (US); Old Memorial Hwy ca. 1.8 mi. N from 580, Lakela 25515 . Indian Riv. Co., Vero Beach, Boudet s.n. (FLAS 59171). Lee Co., N. Fort Myers, graded area on N side Caloosachatchee Riv., beside US 41, Koch 7122 (FSU); Along Caloosahatchee Riv., Ft. Myers, Godfrey 65429 (FSU). Leon Co., ca. 2 mi. E of the intersection of Pensacola and the truck route, Wooten & Sullivan 285 (US); Vicinity of crossing of Centerville Rd. over Interstate 10, Godfrey 72336 . Levy Co., FLA 24, 3.5 mi. NE of Cedar Key, Baltzell 6897 (FLAS). Manatee Co., N of FLA 70 and W of FLA 674, N of Myakka City, Hendricks s.n. (FLAS 159894). Orange Co., Jones Ave., Zellwood, Scudder 1608 (FLAS). Palm Beach Co., Corbett Wildlife Mgmt. Area, NW of Loxahatchee, Kral 5705 (FSU); ibid., Kral 5707 (SMU). Pinellas Co., Shores of hammock margins, S of Tierra Verde, N of Cunningham Key, Ft. DeSoto State Park, Lakela 27371 . Polk Co., SE corner of Jct of FLA 60 and Doherty Drive in Nalcrest, just N of Lake Weohyakapka, Wheeler s.n. (FLAS 157430). Sarasota Co., SW intersection of Palmer Blvd and Raymond Rd. in Sarasota, Parrish s.n. (FLAS 117137). Seminole Co., Oviedo, Scudder 12 (FLAS). Georgia. Camden Co., Kings Bay Submarine Base, Etowah Park, Carter 13600 (VDB). Chatham Co., White Marsh Island, E of Savannah, Duncan 23451 (GA). Greene Co., Roadside berm 3 mi. NW of Greensboro, Duncan 23177 (GA). Hawaii. Hawaii: Roy Wall Ranch, along jeep trail to Monokaa, Lehuula Mauka Tract, North Kona (PuuLehua Quadrangle), Kawasaki 2 (US); Private lotus farm, Waialuu Beach Rd., Waialua, Imada et al. 92\u201336 (US). Maui: southern coast of isthmus, Kealia Pond National Wildlife Refuge, Imada et al. 98\u201322 (US); Lahaina Distr., Honokowai, S end of Honokowai Beach Park, Oppenheimer H89916 (US). Oahu: Kawainui Air Park, Kapaa Quarry Rd., O'Connor s.n. (US 3277650); Kawainui Marsh, entrance to Kapaa Quarry, O'Connor s.n. (US 477673); West Lock U.S. Navy Ammunition Storage Area, just S of West Lock, Pearl Harbor, Eva District, Fosberg 65090 (US). Kansas. Rice Co., 2-3/4 mi. S of Alden, Brooks 17036 (KANU). Illinois: McDonough CO., 1 mi. E of Colchester, Henry 4332 & Scott (MU). Louisiana. Acadia Par., roadside ditch near Bayou Plaquemine, along road between Maxie and Rayne, ca. 7 mi. NW of Rayne, Thieret 18349 ; Disturbed area on LSUE campus off LA 755 southwest corner of Eunice, Allen 15675 . Assumption Par., [...] beside LA Hwy 662 ca. 1.5 mi. N of US Hwy 90 at the Amelia Bridge, Thomas & Allen 123995 . Beauregard Par., Flat pine woods beside US Hwy 171, 2 mi.S of Longville, Thomas et al. 14488 . Bossier Par., Frequent on sand bars along E bank of Red Riv. ca. 7 mi. W of PageBreakPlain Dealing on LA 2, Allen & Vincent 8525 (GA). Caddo Par., Median strip of Clyde Fant Parkway, NW of Shreve City shopping centre, Shreveport, MacRoberts 1325 (ASU). Calcasieu Par., LA Hwy 14, at junction with Linkswile Rd, 2.1 mi. S of Interstate 210, in Lake Charles, Snow 5803 (MO); Near Interstate 10, Lake Charles, Lonard 2086 . Cameron Par., Back Ridge, Sabine Nat. Wildlife Ref., Valentine s.n. (FSU 72340); Along Gulf of Mexico ca. 1 mi. W of Holly Beach, Thieret & Reese 10039 ; [...] S of LA Hwys 27 and 82 just E of Holly Beach, Thomas et al. 84819 . East Baton Rouge Par., LSU Campus, N of Nicolson Extension and CEBA overflow lot, McKenzie 157 ; Ben Hur Rd, ca. 200 m NE of jct with Nicholson Rd. (LA 30) in Baton Rouge, Pruski 2687 (US). Grant Par., Red Riv., ca. 0.2 mi. NE of Boyce on LA 8, Vincent 56 (GA); Red Riv. ca. 0.2 mi. NE of Boyce off LA 8, Vincent & Allen 7025 (NCU). Jefferson Par., Grand Island, Town of Grand Island, sandy saline flat, Thieret 25254 . La Salle Par., ca. 10 mi. NE of Holloway, Thieret 33501 (FLAS). Livingston Par., 4.4 mi. W of Albany, Shinners 29892 (SMU). Natchitoches Par., Along N bank of Red Riv. at the LA 6 bridge between Clarence and Natchitoches, Thomas & Allen 94291 ; [...] N side of Red Riv. at the LA 6 bridge N of Natchitoches and Grand Ecore, Thomas 114845  and Thomas 114846 . Orleans Par., Reclaimed sandy beach, Lake Ponchatrain, Brown 2386 (US); W side of Paris Rd. immediately S of Intracoastal Waterway, Lemaire 1100 (US); Irish Bayou, near junction of I-10 and Hwy 11, Montz 5474 (BRIT); N edge of Irish Bayou, Jctn of Hwy 11 and I-10, SE shore of Lake Pontchatrain, Urbatsch 2553 et al. (ASU). Ouachita Par., Ditch banks beside US 165, just N of Monroe, Thomas & Scurria 36887 . Plaquemines Par., Between levee and Mississippi Riv., just E of Parish Rd. 11, 0.9 mi. from junction with LA Hwy 23, 1.8 mi. S of Port Sulphur, Snow 5789 (MO); S side of LA 39, 0.2 mi. W of the St. Bernard Par. line and 2.1 mi.E of Braithwaite, Thomas & Allen 123787 ; Fort Jackson along the edge of the Mississippi River about 3 mi. SE of Triumph, Taylor & Taylor 21450 (BRIT). Red River Par., 1.5 mi. W of Crichton and about 9 mi. northwest of Coushatta, Peterson 9551 ; E bank of Red Riv. 1.5 mi. SW of Crichton, ca. 9 mi. NW of Coushatta, Thieret 20615 ; Along W bank of Red Riv. S of US 84 bridge at Coushatta, Thomas 114935 . St Charles Par., ca. 2 mi. E of Bonnet Carre Spillway along S side of IC railroad near LaBranche, Montz 5266 & Cali (BRIT). St. Landry Par., ca. 4 mi. E of P. Barre, on road to Baton Rouge, Thieret 32328 ; 2.5 mi. E of Port Barre, Thieret 31454 (SMU). St. Mary Parish, Cote Blanche Island, Thieret 16315 (MU). St. Tammany Par., N shore of Lake Ponchatrain near the mouth of the Techfunte River ca. 1 mi. S of Madisonville, Allen 2921 . Tensas Par., [...] west bank of the Mississippi Riv. S of the end of LA Hwy 3078 at Port Gibson Ferry, N of St. Joseph, Thomas 86789 . Vermilion Par., Along railroad tracks W of LA 82 and S of LA 14 in Abbeville, Thomas 122365 . West Feliciana Par., Roadbank of LA Hwy 10 ca. 1.4 mi. E of US Hwy 61 and St. Francisville, Thomas 118023 . Mississippi. Hancock Co., Miss. Test PageBreakFacility (NASA) Rogers et al. 3996\u2013a (SMU) and 3996\u2013b (NCU) and 3996\u2013c (MO). Harrison Co., ca. 4 mi. N of Biloxi along Hwy to Hattiesburg, Lasseigne 2811 (MO); NE Biloxi, Lasseigne 2852 (MO); Biloxi, along beach, Rogers 3439-b (NCU). Jackson Co., At I\u201310, ca. 1.5 mi. W of Alabama State Line, Brooks & McDaniel 530 (FSU). Pearl River Co. Picayune, railroad yard and adjacent places, Rogers 8393 (NCU). Missouri. St. Louis Co., right-of-way of the Missouri Pacific Railroad, S of Loughborough St., M\u00fchlenbach 3910 (MO); Lesperance Street Freigh Yard of the Missouri-Pacific R.R., Central switching tracks, M\u00fchlenbach 2407 (ARIZ). New Jersey. Camden Co., Camden, Parker s.n. (GH). New Mexico. Eddy Co., Carlsbad, Hitchcock 13476 (US). Sandoval Co., Low Roadside, along NM 44, ca. 23 mi. NW of Bernalillo, Henderson 69\u2013352 (USCH). Nevada. Clark Co. Logadale, State Rte. 169 and Whipple Avenue, Gregor 48 (NY); Intersection of Washington and 23rd St., Las Vegas, along drainage ditch at Fremont and Jones, Bostick 3561 (ARIZ); Las Vegas, Hogan 8 (ARIZ); Las Vegas, Lake Mead Blvd., 120 m SE of the intersection of Ranch Rd., Lathrop P\u20138 (NY); Nevada Test Site, Amargosa Drainage Basin, E of Spring Meadows Farm Hdqtrs, Beatley 13450 (US); Lake Mead, Tilley et al. 1605 (BRY). North Carolina. Guilford Co., West Greensboro, Blonquist 328 (US); W of Greensboro, Blomquist 799 (GH). Orange Co., Soil Conservation Service Nusery, Chapel Hill, Mathews B9#32 (NCU). Oklahoma. Cleveland Co., Near Canadian River S of Hwy 9 off Jenkins St in T8N R8W Sec. 8, Burgess & Larsen 32 (OKL); Canadian River bed, Ten Mile Flats, Lawson & Goodman 609 (OKL); S of Norman near Canadian River at the old municipal landfill, Burgess s.n. (OKL [01-0093243]). Hughes Co., Roadside, 4 mi. SE of Holdenville, Dossett 38 (OKLA). Jefferson Co., Waurika, south side of Hwy 79 bridge at the Red River Crossing, Hoagland et al. BLM0464 (OKL). Love Co., Shoreline on N arm of Hickory Creek, Lake Texhoma, E of Marietta, Harris s.n. ; Branch of Lake Texoma called Wilson Creek, ca. 10.8 mi. NW of Marietta, Taylor & Taylor 26010 (BRIT). Pawnee Co., On sand bar in Arkansas Riv., 200 yards N of OK Hwy 18 at bridge at Ralston, Tyrl & McDonald 732 . Waggoner Co., 5 mi. N of Muskogee along Arkansas River, Kelting s.n. (OKL [01-0072347]). Washington Co., 0.5 mi. and 2.2 mi. E of Ramona, McDonald 1029 (OKLA). Oregon. Polk Co., ca. 2 mi. N of Monmouth along Hwy 99W, Halse 2330 (NCU); ca. 2 mi. N of Monmouth along Hwy 99W (as weed in greenhouse), Halse 2330 (ARIZ). South Carolina. Berkeley Co., Waste ground around the Santee Wool Combing Mill, Jamestown on SC Rt. 45, Ahles & Haesloop 47009 (NCU) and Ahles & Haesloop 42992 (NCU) and Ahles & Haesloop 38180 (NCU) and Ahles & Haesloop 35618 (NCU) and Ahles & Haesloop 53794 (NCU). Charleston Co., Hydrologic Spoil Area along W bank of Clouter Ck., Charleston Harbor, Porcher s.n. (NCU). Florence Co., Wellman Wool Combing Mill, N of Johnsonville on SC Rt. 41, Ahles & Haesloop 49154 (NCU) and Ahles & Haesloop 46951 (NCU) and Ahles 42896 (NCU). Georgetown Co., Just N of roadbed of old bridge over Great Pee Dee Riv., N side of existing US 17, Waccamaw Point at upper end of Winyah Bay, E side of Georgetown, Nelson & Horn 14619 . Tennessee. Davidson Co., Weedy on drawdown of borrow pit by Cumbeland River, Metro Center, Nashville, Kral 73090 (APSC). Leon Co., Vicinity PageBreakof crossing of Centerville Rd. over Interstate 10, Godfrey 72336 (NCU). Shelby Co., Hwy 78 S of Memphis at right across bridge at Drainage Canal, Rogers 33505 (GH). Rutherford Co., Railroad yards by Farmer's Coop, Luvergne [La vernge], Kral 74564 (APSC). Texas. Aransas Co., Rockport, Reverchon 1993 (MO). Brazos Co., Next to Agronomy greenhouses, Texas A & M Univ. campus, Snow & Jensen 184 (TAES); 3 mi. S of Bryan, Ward 165 (OKLA). Brewster Co., Along Rio Grande near mouth of Tornillo Ck., Sperry 1537 (US); bank of Rio Grande at Ogle Spring, Sperry 1348 (US); along Rio Grande nera Mariscal Canyon, Warnock 811 ; Mariscal Canyon, Chisos Mt. area, Warnock 811 (ARIZ); Boquillas-Chisos Mts, Marsh 140 (SMU); near the Rio Grande, Hot Springs, Big Bend National Park, Goodman & Waterfall 4600 (OKL). Cameron Co., 15 mi.W of Boca Chica along Hwy 14, Anderson 4551 (RSA); Between Tex. Hwy 4 and the beach of Brazos Island, Henderson 78\u201322 ; 7.3 mi. S of Ed Carey Blvd of Harlingen along US Hwy 83, Snow 5907 ; Brownsville, Benke 5328 (US); Brownsville, Silveus 2565 (SMU); Resaca park, near the girl scouts camp, Runyon 2172 (US); Padre Island, 5 km NE of Port Isabel and across from the Sunchase Mall and McDonalds, Peterson et al. 11157 . Chambers Co., Along brackish swale just off High Island, Gould 7442 ; Along entrance to Anahuac Nat. Wildl. Ref., Kessler 5894 (BRIT). Culberson Co., South McKittrick Canyon, Guadalupe Mts., 5 mi. N of Pine Springs, Fischer s.n. . Galveston Co., 13 mi.N of Galveston, Gould 11984 ; Near plant entrance P. H. Robinson Generating Station near Bacliff, Waller 2604 ; Tidal flats beneath SH 146 drawbridge over Clear Ck. channel at Kemah, Waller 2607 (GH); West beach in Galveston, ca. 200 m from Gulf of Mexico, Kessler 5603 (BRIT); Coastal marsh at Texas City, Van Devender & Van Devender 88-262 (ARIZ). Harris Co., Morgans Point, Palmer 11963 (UC); Houston, Fisher s.n. (ARIZ 147207); Near the Houston Ship Channel in the San Jacinto State Park, Brown 2557 (ARIZ); East side of Houston, Thieret 30813 (SMU). Hidalgo Co., East of Mission, Coover 1336 (ARIZ); Alamo, Clover 918 (MICH); Anzalduas County Park, ca. 2.7 mi.W of Mission, ca. 5 mi. W of McAllen, Snow 5906 ; ca. 1.4 mi. E of US Hwy 281 on Rd. 490, Snow & Evans 4393 ; [...] FM Rd. 2062 just N of Bensten State Park and W of Mission, Thomas et al. 39476 (GREE). Jefferson Co., Coastal marsh, Tharp s.n. (GH). Jim Wells, Co., Along US Hwy 281 ca. 35 air mi.WSW of Corpus Cristi, ca. 4.5 mi. N of Premont, Snow 5897 . Kenedy Co., Sarita, Hitchcock 5447 (US); Sarita, Hitchcock 5463 (US); Alazan Well on Payne Ranch (Julian Quadrangle), Carr 20282 et al. (BRIT); 0.5 mi. S of Sarita in drainage between divided Hwy 77, Peterson 9555 ; Near Las Norias, Runyon 3829 (RSA). Kleberg Co., Banks of Tranquitos Ck., first 150 metres, W of US Hwy 77 in Kingsville, Snow 6414 ; ca. 30 air mi. SSW of Corpus Cristi, inside Seawind RV Resort, adjacent to Kaufer\u2013Hubert Memorial Park, Snow 5916 ; Kingsville, Reed 6 (US). La Salle, Cotulla, Planck 32 (US); Rivera, Silveus 186 (SMU). Matagorda Co., 5 mi.E [of] Wadsworth, Wilson 15144 (KSTC). Nueces Co., Corpus Cristi, Silveus 126 ; ibid., Silveus 2407 (SMU). Red Riv. Co., On sand bar, Old Pine Bluff PageBreakferry crossing across Red Riv., ca. 3.5 mi. W of Kanawha, Correll 37906 (NY). San Patricio Co., 2 mi. E of Taft, Harvey & Elliot 7351 (MICH); Shore of Lake Mathis, Gould 11467 (UC); 5 mi. W of Aransas Pass, Webster 7079 & Rowell (SMU); South banks of Chiltipin Ck., just E of US Hwy 77 overpass, ca. 2 air mi. W of Sinton city centre, Snow 6394 ; 0.4 mi. S of Jct of FM 892, ca. 4.7 mi. S of Robstown, Snow 5919 ; US Hwy 77, along Chiltipin Ck. just N of Sinton, Snow & Evans 4389 (RM); Gregory, Reed s.n. ; Big Lake area of Welder Wildlife Foundation, Penn 53 (GA); S side of Corpus Cristi, Jones 1142 . Starr Co., Town of Garciasville, along RR tracks, Snow 5904 (MO); Rio Grande City, Griffiths 6486 (US). Val Verde Co., Mouth of the Pecos Riv., Hinckley and Hinckley 412 . Victoria Co., Along US Hwy 77, ca. 1.1 mi. N of Coleto Ck., a few air mi. SW of Victoria, Snow 6372 and 6373 (MO). Webb Co., ca. 4 mi. SE of Laredo, Zapata 20 (BRIT); Casa Blanca Lake, 3 mi. NE of Lardo, Alvarez 7432 (OKLA); Lake Casa Blanca, 6 mi. NE of Laredo, Ramirez 2 (SMU); Laredo, Fisher 252 (US); Lake Casa Blanca, 6 mi. NE of Laredo, Lozano 17 (BRIT); ibid, McCart et al. 1 (OKLA); Laredo, Orcutt 5574 (MO); Lake Casa Blanca, 6 mi. E of Laredo, Garc\u00eda et al. 8731 ; Lake Casa Blanca, 6 mi. E of Laredo, Ram\u00edrez 6 (BRIT); Bank of Rio Grande near Lardo, Barkley 13E016 (NCU). Willacy Co., 2\u20131/4 mi.N of Raymondville, Cory 51477 ; Route 497, 19 mi. E of Raymondville, Correll and Johnston 17879 . Zapata Co., Saline arroyo 3 mi. N of San Ygnacio, Correll & Johnston 18083 ; End of Texas FM 496, ca. 2.5 mi. W of Zapata, gravelly shores of Falcon Lake, Snow 5899 (MO); ca. 250 m S of end of Texas FM 496, ca. 2.5 mi. W of Zapata, Snow 5902 ; 11 mi. N of San Ygnacio, Shinners 17668 (SMU). Utah. Utah Co., North Park, Provo, Mengies 8001 . Virginia. King William Co., End of Eltham Bridge and railroad, VA 30 and 33 in West Point, Bradley 24033 (GA). Warrick Co., Chrome ore piles, Newport News, Reed 44052 (US). Uruguay. San Jose: Barra, Herter 519 . Venezuela. Anzoategui: Guanta and Puerto La Cruz, Tamayo 2057 (US); Dsto. Bol\u00edvar, Swamp at Boca de Tigre, at the intersection of the road to Bergat\u00edn and Barcelona\u2013el Crucero Rd., Davidse and Gonz\u00e1lez 20010 . Falcon: Coro, 3 km E del centro, Wingfield 5184 (MO); 12 km SE de Coro, entre La Negrita y Sibur\u00faa, Wingfield 5095 (MO). Sucre: Lagunas Litorales de Cuman\u00e1, Cumana Campos 519 .Taxon classificationPlantaePoalesPoaceaeLaunert, Bol. Soc. Broteriana, ser. 2a, 47: 394. 1974.Leptochloagigantea (Launert) Cope and N. Snow, Novon 8: 79. 1998.ZAMBIA. Mbala (Abercorn), Saisi River (near Jerico), 27 Feb 1958, floodplain (in swamp) in ditch at side of embankment, LDF Vesey-Fitzgerald 1551 .PageBreakPlants perennial. Culms to nearly 300 cm tall, 5\u201310 mm wide at base, round, erect, arising from thickly rhizomatous root crowns, branching; nodes glabrous; internodes mostly 5\u201318 cm long, firm but spongy (aerenchymatous) in centre. Leaf sheaths usually much longer than internodes, sericeous but becoming glabrous with age, the margins ciliate; ligules to 14 mm long, membranous, attenuate but becoming lacerated; blades 30\u201365 \u00d70.5\u20130.65 cm, linear, tightly involute on drying, glabrous to slightly scabrous above and below. Panicles 50\u201380 \u00d7ca. 25 cm wide, exserted with 19\u201344 branches; the branches 12\u201318 cm long, alternate or whorled along the rachis, somewhat reflexed to ascending, flexuous, minutely scabrous, the axils scabrous to short pilose. Spikelets 8\u201313 mm long, distant near base of branches to imbricate at tips; florets (6\u2013)10\u201315; callus glabrous; lower glumes 2.7\u20133.4 mm long, narrowly ovate to ovate, scabrous on midnerves, acute to obtuse; upper glumes 2.5\u20134.0 mm long, otherwise similar to lower glumes; lemmas 3.6\u20134.8 mm long, narrowly ovate to ovate, dark green, the lateral nerves faint, appearing glabrous but sparsely sericeous upon close inspection, apex acute to attenuate, awnless or with mucros to 1.3 mm long; paleas subequal to lemma, elliptic to narrowly ovate, sparsely sericeous on nerves; apex acute. Stamens 3; anthers 1.9\u20132.5 mm long, purple or yellow. Caryopses ca. 1.8 mm \u00d7ca. 0.6 mm, elliptic in hilar side profile, depressed obovate in transverse section, hilar groove lacking, smooth but slightly uneven; pericarp apparently weakly adnate to the endosperm.Not studied.D.gigantea probably reflects adapations for its emergent growth habit in aquatic situations. A series of relatively large, elliptic air canals are subjacent to the epidermal layers . Non-native: See below (cultivated) in Zimbabwe.Diplachnegigantea, which apparently has not been collected since 1983. Focused attempts by the first author in January of 1996 to re-collect at the two localities of Pete Smith in the Okavango region of Botswana were unsuccessful, even after speaking with Smith regarding his knowledge of the species. To the best of the authors' knowledge, Smith is the last person to have collected the species. He knew of no vernacular name for the species in Botswana which, if it existed, might help in relocating efforts and indicated that each of the two populations PageBreakPageBreakfrom which he had collected were small. He confirmed, as some herbarium specimens labels and the stellate culm anatomy suggest, that the species is an emergent aquatic that can continue to grow on sandbars.Data Deficient . HoweverPageBreakD.gigantea moving southeast downstream on the Okavango River and returning by the same route on the opposite bank of the river and upstream and back from the same point of departure. No individuals were seen. Although only speculative, two hypotheses concerning the evidently limited distribution in relation to its habitat merit consideration. First, the stellate aerenchyma of the culm likely contributes to a relatively soft texture, which may render it particularly palatable for large grazers such as hippopotamus (Hippopotamusamphibius), which are common in the Okavango Delta and which consume large quantities of food. Second, given the extensive potential habitat for D.gigantea in the Okavango Delta, D.gigantea may occur more frequently than herbarium records suggest. However, given the paucity of collections to date, it likely is uncommon anywhere in its range.More specifically, on 28 and 30 January 1996 the first author hired a boat and driver at Drotskys Cabins in Botswana, located approximately 20 km south of the Namibian boarder (Caprivi Strip) and approximately 7 km southeast of the small town of Shakawe (Highway A 35). One entire day each was devoted to searching for Diplachnegigantea was cultivated in the early 1980s at the Lakeside National Botanic gardens in Zimbabwe . Gibbs Russell et al. (1991: 118) indicate that D.gigantea has been collected at the western edge of the Caprivi Strip in Namibia but the authors have not seen a voucher.Diplachnegigantea is rare and additional knowledge of its distribution, ecology and relative abundance are critical for making a recommendation following IUCN standards.In summary, the data suggest that gigantea refers to the large stature of the species.The word Giant diplachne.Diplachnegigantea is easily diagnosed from D.fusca by its much taller stature at maturity, its evidently obligate and usually emergent growth in hydric habitats, the stellate aerenchyma of the culms, the absence or near-absence of lemmatal macrohairs and the relatively lax panicle branches. The collection from cultivation at the Lakeside Botanic Gardens (see below) is indicated as growing from a \u201cdense mat at the base\", presumably meaning the culms arose from short rhizomes.The fourth author personally recalled the species as being fairly commonly locally at the time of his collection in 1983 (Simon & Williamson 2025).Botswana. Ngamiland: Okavango River, sandbank just recovering from being inundated by high waters during the previous six weeks, 18\u00b034.25'S, 22\u00b006.3'E, 8 May 1985, Smith 1387 ; In water 1 m deep in a backwater off the mainstream of the Okavango River among water lillies, reeds, 18\u00b020.2'S, 21\u00b049.9'E, Smith 4126 . Tanzania. Reported but not confirmed from the Iringa District . Mbala (Abercorn): 70 mi. S of Mwinilunga on Kabompo Rd., rooted in water, +/- 1250 metres elev. , 25 Dec 1969, Simon & Williamson 2025 . Zimbabwe. Cultivated at Lakside Botanic Gardens in 1983 from an unknown source, Browning 8 .District . Zambia.PageBreakDiplachne.The following names, for which the authors have confirmed the type specimens, are not in Diplachnealopecuroides Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1(3): 248 (1854) = vulpiastrumLeptocarydion  (De Not.) Stapf.Diplachneandropogonoides (Steud.) Nees., Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 258 (1841) = andropogonoidesTriraphis  (Steud.) E. Phillips.Diplachnearenaria Nees ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. i. 514; et ex Hochst. in Flora, xxxviii. (1855) 427, nom. inval. = Trichoneura mollis (Kunth) EkmanDiplachnearistata Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 534 (1887) = Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard.Diplachnebarbata Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 240. 1902. Type. Brazil. Pernambuco, Boa Viagem, in arenoosis, Schenck 4310 ; isotype (fragment): US [00478602]!) = Gouiniabarbata (Hack.) Swallen.Diplachnebaueri R. Br. ex Desv., M\u00e9m. Mus. Nat. 5: 272 (1819), nom. inval.Diplachnebiflora Hack. ex Schinz., Bull. Herb. Boissier iii: 387 (1895). Type. South Africa. Transvaal, Makapansberge, Streydpoort, A. Rehmann 5386  = Bewsiabiflora (Hack. ex Schinz.) Gooss.Diplachnebiflora var. buchananii Stapf, Flora Capensis 7: 593 (1900). Type. Letsotho (\u201cBasutoland\"), Leribe, Buchanan 219 (holotype: K [K000366556]!) = Bewsiabiflora (Hack. ex Schinz.) Gooss.Diplachnebrandegei Vasey, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 2: 213. 1889. Type. Mexico. Baja California Sur, Magdalena Island, Brandegee 11 : US [00133605]!) = Enteropogonbrandegei (Vasey) ClaytonDiplachnebrevifolia J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (4\u20125): 261 (1830). Type. Peru. Habitat in montanus huanoccensibus, T. Haenke s.n.  = Festuca rigescens (J. Presl) Kunth.Diplachnebulgarica J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4-5): 261 (1830). Type. unknown.Diplachnecaudata K. Schum., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C. 113 (1895). Type. Kenya. Nairobi, R.A. D\u00fcmmer 1981 (holotype: K [K000366659]!) = Dinebracaudata (K. Schum.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow.Diplachnebulgarica (Bornm.) Roshev., Fl. USSR 2: 230, 751 (1934). Type. = Cleistogenesserotina (L.) Keng.Diplachnecearensis Ekman, Ark. Bot. 10(17): 32, t. 5, f. 3, t. 6, f. 18 (1911) Type. Brazil: Ceara, in silvis caatinga dictis viam entre Crato et Barbalha, Loefgren 672  = Gouiniacearensis (Ekman)Diplachnechloridiformis Hack. ex Stuck., Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 13: 498 (1906). Type. Argentina: C\u00f3rdoba: R\u00edo Seco, Stuckert Herb. Arg. 2329a  Parodi.PageBreakDiplachnedominguensis (Jacq.) Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. (ed. 3) 609 (1897). Type. Dominican Republic: Annonymous s.n.  interpreted this collection to be the holotype, which appears sound given \u201cHb. Jacq.\" on what appears to be the oldest affixed label, and \u201cHerbar, Jacquin Fil.\", on an evidently younger label, referring to Jacquin's son J.F. Jacquin = Leptochloavirgata (L.) P. Beauv.Diplachnedubia (Kunth) Scribn., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 10(1): 30 (1883). Type. Mexico: Humboldt and Bonpland 4172 (lectotype !) = Pogonarthriafleckii (Hack.) Hack.Diplachnegatacrei Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1989(141): 229. Type. Pakistan [\u201cNorth India\"], Gatacre 17626 (holotype: K [000245007]!) = Kengiagatacrei (Stapf) T.A. CopeDiplachneguatemalensis Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 275. 1902. Type. Guatemala, Friedrichsthal 1748 (holotype: W! [W-17685]!) = Gouinialatifolia Vasey var. guatemalensis (Hack.) J.J. Ort\u00edz.Diplachnehalei Nash, New York Bot. Gard. 1: 292. 1889. Type. U.S.A. Louisiana, Hale s.n.  = Dinebrapanicoides (J. Presl) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow. The selected lectotype is from Nash's own herbarium, purchased by NY in 1911.Diplachnelatifolia (Griseb.) Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 274 (1902). Type. Argentina, C\u00f3rdoba, prope Aschochinga, Lorentz & Hieronymous 256 (lectotype: GOET), designated by Swallen, Amer. J. Bot. 22: 39 (1935) = Gouinialatifolia (Griseb.) Vasey.Diplachneloliiformis (F. Muell.) Benth. = loliiformisTripognella  (F. Muell.) P.M. Peterson & Romasch (see asch see Diplachnemendocina (Phil.) Kurtz, Bol. Acad. Ci. (Cordoba) 15: 521 (1897). Type. Argentina, Mendoza  = Disakispermadubium (Kunth) P.M. Peterson & N. SnowPageBreakDiplachnemexicana (Scribn.) Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 275 (1902). Type. Mexico, San Lu\u00eds Potos\u00ed, Tamasopo Ca\u00f1on, Pringle 3252 = Gouiniamexicana (Scribn.) Vasey.Diplachnemenyharthii Hack., Bull. Herb. Boissier ser. 2. 1: 772. 1901. Type. Mozambique. Boruma am Sambesi, L. Menyhart 1162  Hack.Diplachnemonticola (Chase) McNeill, Brittonia 31(3): 401 (1979). Type. Haiti. Vicinity of Furcy, common on summit of Pic de Brouet, vicinity of Furey, Leonard 4751  = incertae sedis. Its correct generic placement may be within Gouinia given the general resemblance of its spikelets to other species of this genus.Diplachnepanicoides (J. Presl) McNeill, Brittonia 31(3): 402 (1979). Type. Mexico, Habitat in Mexico ad Acapulco, verosimiliter in lutosis, Haenke s.n.  P.M. Peterson & N. Snow.Diplachnepatens (J. Presl) E. Desv., Fl. Chil. 6: 371 (1854). Type. Chile. Coridellra chilensibus, Haenke s.n.  = Disakispermadubium (Kunth) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow.Diplachnepeacockii Maiden & Betche, Agric. Gaz. New South Wales 15: 925, with plate (1904). Type. Australia. New South Wales. Coolabah, 4 Dec 1904, Maiden & Boorman s.n.  P.M. Peterson & N. Snow subsp. peacockii (Maiden & Betche) P.M. Peterson & N. SnowDiplachne \u201cpoaeiformis\" Hochst., uncertain if name published (see: http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000366402) = biflora (Hack.) GoossensBewisa ?Diplachnepringlei Vaset ex Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2: 436 (1896), nom. inval. pro syn Leptochloapringlei Beal = Disakispermadubium (Kunth) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow.Diplachnepungens Hack., Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4, app. 3: 25. 1896. Type. Namibia. Horebis, Fleck s.n.  = Odyssea paucinervis StapfDiplachnereverchonii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13(70: 118 (1886). Type. U.S.A. Texas. Llano Co., collected on granite rocks, Reverchon 1613  = Tripogon spicatus (Nees) Ekman. A previous worker annotated the numbered collection (Reverchon 1613) at MO as isotype or probable isotype, which was incorrect given that no specimen was cited in the protologue.Diplachnerigida Vasey, U.S.D.A. Div. Bot. Bull. 12(2): t. 44 (1891). Type. U.S.A. Texas. Reverchon 30 (holotype: US [00133611]!) = Eragrostis sessilispica Buckley.Diplachnescabra (Nees) Nicora, Hickenia 2(19): 91 (1993). Type. Brazil. Par\u00e0, in ripa fluminum Amazonum, von Martius s.n. , US-88699! (fragment ex M) = Dinebrascabra (Nees) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow.PageBreakDiplachne \u201csessilis Pilg. ms.\" Listed as type at Z but the name evidently never published.Diplachneserotina (L.) Link var. chinensis Maxim., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 54: 80. 1879. Type. Japan, Maximowicz s.n. : 464 {2005}]) = Kengiaserotina Link var. chinensis Maxim.Diplachnesimplex D\u00f6ll var. simplex D\u00f6ll, Fl. Bras. 2(3): 97 (1878), nom. inval. Type. Brazil. Minas Gerais. Habitat in prov. Piauhy, Gardner 2367  = Tripogon spicatus (Nees) Ekman.Diplachnesimplexvar. uralepedia D\u00f6ll, Fl. Bras. 2(3): 98 (1878). Type. Brazil. Minias Gerais, in prov. Minas Gerais, Widgren s.n.  = Tripogon spicatus (Nees) Ekman.Diplachnesinensis Hance, J. Bot. 8: 76 (1870). Type. China. Hebei, Beijing, \u201cin collibus\", Aug. 1865, Williams 12572  = Cleistogenes hancei Keng.Diplachnescirpifolia J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(4-5): 261. 1830. = Festuca dolichophylla J. Presl . Type. China. Nei Mongol.: Baileng temple, Keng 3378  = Cleistogenes songorica (Roshev.) Owhi.Diplachnespicata (Nees) D\u00f6ll. ex Benth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 111. 1881 [1882]. Type. Brazil, Piau\u00ed, habitat in campis, Campo mimoso dictis, Martius s.n.  = spicataTripogonella  (Nees) P.M. Peterson & Romasch ( Romasch .Diplachnesquarrosa (Trin. ex Ledeb.) Maxim. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 54(1\u20132): 71 (1879). Type. China. Altai Mountains, Bongard s.n.  = Cleistogenessquarrosa (Trin. ex Ledeb.) Keng.Diplachnesquarrosa var. longiaristata Rendle, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36(254): 411\u2013412 (1904). Type. China. Syntypes at BM need to be examined and a lectotype chosen.Diplachnetectoneticola Backer, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitzenzorg, s\u00e9r. 3, 2: 326 (1920). Type. Indonesia. Java, Kangean, in tectonetis, Backer 27726  = incertae sedis (molecular placement within Chlorideae unknown). Remaining syntypes: Backer 27770, Beumee 4716.Diplachnethoroldii Stapf ex Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 30: 121. (1894). Type. China (Xizang), Thorold 120  = thoroldiiOrinus  (Stapf ex Hemsl.) Bor.Diplachnetolucensis (Kunth) Sprengl., Syst. Veg. (ed. 16) [Sprengel] 1: 351 (1824). Type. Mexico, inter Islahuaca et Toluca, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.  = Festucatolucensis Kunth.Diplachnevirgata (J. Presl) Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z., 52: 275 & 276 (1902). Bromus virgatus J. Presl., Reliq. Haenk. 1 (4-5): 263. (1830). Type. Mexcio. Guerrero, PageBreakAcapulco. Haenke s.n.  = Gouiniavirgata (J. Presl) Scribn.Diplachneviscida Scribn., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 10(3): 30 (1883). Type. status unconfirmed = Dinebraviscida (Scribn.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow.Diplachnevulpiastrum (De Not.) Schweinf, Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. (1894) 35 et 38. Rabdochloavulpiastrum De Not., Flora Capensis 7: 648 (1900). Type. status unconfirmed = vulpiastrumLeptocarydion  (De Not.) Stapf.Diplachnefusca , Beibl. 134. 1842. Nom. nud.Diplachnecapensis(Nees)Neesvar.pauciflora Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 257. 1841. Type. South Africa. In districtus Caledon montibus. Since Poaceae types of Nees were destroyed at B, selection of a neotype may be necessary.Diplachnefuscavar.lutescens Probst & Thell., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Z\u00fcrich 438. 1907. Type. R. Probst, s.n. According to TL2, Probst's herbarium is in St\u00e4dtische Sammlungen Biberach an der Riss (specimen not seen).Poaprocera Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 334. 1820. Nom. nud., Hort. Bengal. 82. 1814; Fl. Ind. ed. Carye and Wall., 1: 334, 1820.; Fl. Ind. ed. Carey 1: 332. 1832. Eragrostisprocera (Roxb.) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 266. 1854.Poasenegalensis Desf., Cat. Pl. Paris, ed. 3: 21, 387. 1829. Nom. nud., non Desv.Tridenscapensis Nees, Linneana 7: 324. 1832. Uralepiscapensis (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 319. 1833. Diplachnecapensis (Nees) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 256. 1841. Triodiacapensis (Nees) Th. Dur. and Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 877. 1895. Type. SOUTH AFRICA. \u201cBei Doornhoogte in der Capschen Fl\u00e4che, Dec. 1824, Ecklon\". No specimen is cited in the protologue; lectotypification is probably needed.Uralepisalba Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 248. 1855. Diplachnefusca(L.)Stapfvar.alba (Steud.) Chiov., Fl. Somalia 1: 337. 1929. Type. SUDAN. Kordofan Mt., C.G.T. Kotschy 200 , MO! [MO-1742003] P! US!  W! (2 sheets)). Many duplicates were given an incorrect designation of lectotype or isolectotypes in Uralepisdrummondii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1. 247. 1855. Type. AUSTRALIA, J. Drummond s.n. in Herbarium Drummond Coll. IV. s.n.; location unknown. Drummond's types are scattered across many herbaria, especially at K & MEL: e.g., https://www.anbg.gov.au/biography/drummond-james.html).PageBreakDiplachnefuscasubsp.fascicularis:Names associated with Festucaclandestina Muhl., Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 13: 1813; nom. nud.; Descr. Gram. 162. 1817. Type. United States of America, New York, N. Eboraco.Tridensvirens Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 476. 1829. Uralepisvirens (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 319. 1833. Diplachnevirens (Nees) Parodi, Rev. Fac. Agron. Vetrin. 6: 14. 1927. Type. BRAZIL. \u201cHabitat in graminosis ad fluvim S. Francisci in provincia Bahiensi et Permambucana, ad Joazeiro et alibi\". Type. Location unknown.Tridensveralensis Cat. Guerra, Act. Bot. Cub. 4:4. 1980. Type. CUBA. Prov. de Pinar del Rio: Guanahacabibes, El Veral, Catasus 298 .Diplachnefuscasubsp.uninervia:Names associated with Diplachnetarapacana Phil., Verz. Antofagasta Pfl. 88. 1891. Lectotypification evidently is needed given that two specimens at SGO likely were in the original material (Rahmer s.n. and Philippi s.n.), although neither was cited in the protologue.Uralepisanderssonii F. Aresch., Pl. Itin. Eugenia 119. 1910. Type. ECUADOR. Circa Guajaquil et in insula Puna, NJ Andersson 25 (types at S).We dedicate this paper to Bryan Kenneth Simon (1943\u20122015), our colleague, coauthor and friend, who regrettably did not live to see its completion ."}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Emmanouil Tampakakis. The correct citation is: Okoli I, Coleman JJ, Tampakakis E, An WF, Holson E, et al. (2009) Identification of Antifungal Compounds Active against Candida albicans Using an Improved High-Throughput Caenorhabditis elegans Assay. PLoS ONE 4(9): e7025.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007025"}
{"text": "The second author's name appears incorrectly. It should be: Wenjie Sun. The correct citation should read: Schooling CM, Sun W, Ho SY, Chan WM, Tham MK, et al. (2008) Moderate Alcohol Use and Mortality from Ischaemic Heart Disease: A Prospective Study in Older Chinese People. PLoS ONE 3(6): e2370. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002370"}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Rouba Hage-Sleiman. The correct citation is: Beghin A, Belin S, Hage-Sleiman R, Brunet Manquat S, Goddard S, et al. (2009) ADP Ribosylation Factor Like 2 (Arl2) Regulates Breast Tumor Aggressivity in Immunodeficient Mice. PLoS ONE 4(10): e7478. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007478"}
{"text": "Drs. Sabrina Fossette and Jean-Yves Georges were not included in the author byline. They should be listed as the second and seventh authors, respectively, and affiliated with Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, D\u00e9partement Ecologie, Physiologie, Ethologie, UMR 7178 CNRS/Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. The citation should be: Caut S, Fossette S, Guirlet E, Angulo E, Das K, Girondot M, Georges J-Y (2008) Isotope Analysis Reveals Foraging Area Dichotomy for Atlantic Leatherback Turtles. PLoS ONE 3(3): e1845. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001845."}
{"text": "The second author's name was written incorrectly. The correct name is: Ye Jin. The correct citation is: Mochon AB, Jin Y, Kayala MA, Wingard JR, Clancy CJ, et al. (2010) Serological Profiling of a Candida albicans Protein Microarray Reveals Permanent Host-Pathogen Interplay and Stage-Specific Responses during Candidemia. PLoS Pathog 6(3): e1000827. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000827. In the author contributions, \"Performed the experiments\" should read: ABM YJ."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was spelled incorrectly. It should read: Daniel Ladant. This also affects the article's citation. The corrected citation should read: Puhar A, Dal Molin F, Horvath S, Ladant D, Montecucco C (2008) Anthrax Edema Toxin Modulates PKA- and CREB-Dependent Signaling in Two Phases. PLoS ONE 3(10): e3564. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003564"}
{"text": "The spelling of the first author's last name is incorrect. The correct spelling is: Hoermannsperger. The corrected citation of this article is: Hoermannsperger G, Clavel T, Hoffmann M, Reiff C, Kelly D, et al. (2009) Post-Translational Inhibition of IP-10 Secretion in IEC by Probiotic Bacteria: Impact on Chronic Inflammation. PLoS ONE 4(2): e4365. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004365"}
{"text": "To the Editor: Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) is an acute peripheral neuropathy triggered by a preceding infectious illness. Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently reported antecedent event (Campylobacter strains with certain Penner heat-stable (HS) serotypes, including HS:19 and HS:41, are overrepresented among isolates from GBS case-patients, compared with isolates from enteritis case-patients \u20133219 that are overrepresented among isolates from GBS patients in Bangladesh.C. jejuni associated with GBS in Bangladesh. Case-patients were 97 persons with GBS admitted to Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, and Dhaka Central Hospital during July 2006\u2013June 2007. All fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for GBS of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the US National Institutes of Health  . PCR analysis was performed with primer sets specific for classes A, B, C, D, and E . Serotyping of the 10 GBS-related strains showed 4 different HS serotypes. C. jejuni HS:23 was found in 5 (50%) strains; HS:19, in 2 (20%); HS:55 and HS:21, in 1 strain each. One strain was untypeable according to the HS typing scheme. In a collection of clinical C. jejuni isolated during the same period from patients with enteritis, HS:23 was encountered in 9 (28%) of 32 patients. Serotypes previously associated with GBS were HS:1, HS:2, HS:4, HS:4/50, HS:5, HS:10, HS:13/65, HS:16, HS:19, HS:23, HS:35, HS:37, HS:41, HS:44, and HS:64  of the C. jejuni strains. We identified 6 different STs among the GBS-related C. jejuni strains  shared 5 alleles  with ST-3219 (We performed multilocus sequence typing to examine the overall genomic variation among 10 GBS-related  strains . However ST-3219 .C. jejuni HS:23 serotype and ST-3219 that is highly prevalent among GBS-related C. jejuni strains from Bangladesh are consistent with previous observations that specific LOS types and serotypes are overrepresented among GBS-related C. jejuni strains. These observations support the hypothesis that, although a great variety of C. jejuni serotypes can be isolated from GBS patients in some geographic areas, specific clonal serotypes and multilocus types are prevalent in GBS patients in other places. The association of GBS with C. jejuni LOS class A/B/C is the only consistent finding when universal collections of GBS-associated strains are considered.Our findings of a"}
{"text": "This article was originally published with an incorrect publication date. The correct publication date is August 10, 2009. The citation will change to: Daoud F, Candelario-Mart\u00ednez A, Billard J-M, Avital A, Khelfaoui M, et al. (2009) Role of Mental Retardation-Associated Dystrophin-Gene Product Dp71 in Excitatory Synapse Organization, Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Functions. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6574. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006574"}
{"text": "The second author's name is incorrect. The correct name is: Stefania Carrara. The correct citation is: Goletti D, Carrara S, Butera O, Amicosante M, Ernst M, et al. (2008) Accuracy of Immunodiagnostic Tests for Active Tuberculosis Using Single and Combined Results: A Multicenter TBNET-Study. PLoS ONE 3(10): e3417. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003417"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Emma Martinez-Sanchez. The correct citation is: Hoogenraad CC, Popa I, Futai K, Martinez-Sanchez E, Wulf PS, et al. (2010) Neuron Specific Rab4 Effector GRASP-1 Coordinates Membrane Specialization and Maturation of Recycling Endosomes. PLoS Biol 8(1): e1000283. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000283"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Genevi\u00e8ve Renauld-Mong\u00e9nie. The correct citation is: Herrou J, Debrie A-S, Willery E, Renauld-Mong\u00e9nie G, Locht C, et al. (2009) Molecular Evolution of the Two-Component System BvgAS Involved in Virulence Regulation in Bordetella. PLoS ONE 4(9): e6996. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006996"}
{"text": "The middle initials of the second, third, and fourth authors were omitted. The correct names are Robert A. Haney, John P. Wares, and Brian R. Silliman. The citation should read: D\u00edaz-Ferguson E, Haney RA, Wares JP, Silliman BR (2010) Population Genetics of a Trochid Gastropod Broadens Picture of Caribbean Sea Connectivity. PLoS ONE 5(9): e12675. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012675"}
{"text": "LineageSpecificSeqgen: generating sequence data with lineage-specific variation in the proportion of variable sites. BMC Evol Biol 2008, 8(1):317.Correction to Shavit Grievink L, Penny D, Hendy MD, Holland BR:  Since publication of our article , we disc"}
{"text": "Correction to:British Journal of Cancer (2007) 96, 16\u201320. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603520The authors would like to note that the preliminary results of a phase II clinical trialof sorafenib in patients with metastatic thyroid cancer reported as a personalcommunication in the manuscript have been previously presented as part of the followingtwo abstract presentations:Thyroid.2005 Abstracts from International Thyroid Congress, Vol 15, No. S1:S-22.Kloos R, Ringel M, Knopp M, Heverhagen J, Hall N Weldy L, Arbogast D, Collamore M, ShahM (2005). Preliminary results of Phase II clinical trial of RAF/VEGF-R kinaseinhibitor, BAY 43-9006 (sorafenib), in metastatic thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Oncol, 2006 ASCOAnnual Meeting Proceedings, Part I, Vol 24, No. 18S:5534.Kloos R, Ringel M, Knopp M, Heverhagen J, Rittenberry J, Weldy L, Arbogast D, CollamoreM, King M, Young D, Shah M (2006). Significant clinical and biologic activity ofRAF/VEGF-R kinase inhibitor BAY-439006 in patients with metastatic papillary thyroidcarcinoma (PTC): Updated results of a phase II study."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name appears incorrectly in the author byline and in the citation. It should read: Manish J. Butte, and the citation should read: McGuigan AP, Bruzewicz DA, Glavan A, Butte MJ, Whitesides GM (2008) Cell Encapsulation in Sub-mm Sized Gel Modules Using Replica Molding. PLoS ONE 3(5): e2258. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002258"}
{"text": "Correction to Dolan J, Walshe K, Alsbury S, Hokamp K, O'Keeffe S, Okafuji T, Miller SF, Tear G, Mitchell KJ: The extracellular leucine-rich repeat superfamily; a comparative survey and analysis of evolutionary relationships and expression patterns. BMC Genomics 2007, 8:320. In our original article  a mistakThe reassignment of structure also changes the figures in Table Two (shown here as Table"}
{"text": "The PdII atom, which lies on an inversion center, is in a square-planar geometry.The title compound, [PdCl DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808018904/ci2618Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "There was a typographic error in the title of this article. The correct title is: Prokaryotic Ubiquitin-Like Protein (Pup) Proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The correct citation is: Festa RA, McAllister F, Pearce MJ, Mintseris J, Burns KE, et al. (2010) Prokaryotic Ubiquitin-Like Protein (Pup) Proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8589. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008589"}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Jorge M. Campusano. The correct citation is: Michno K, Knight D, Campusano JM, van de Hoef D, Boulianne GL (2009) Intracellular Calcium Deficits in Drosophila Cholinergic Neurons Expressing Wild Type or FAD-Mutant Presenilin. PLoS ONE 4(9): e6904. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006904"}
{"text": "Correction for:TRAF1/C5 Region as a Risk Factor for Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLoS Med 4(9): e278. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040278Kurreeman FAS, Padyukov L, Marques RB, Schrodi SJ, Seddighzadeh M, et al. (2007) A Candidate Gene Approach Identifies the b: Cases, Controls) refers to allele A: allele B and not allele1:allele2 as described in footnote b, with Allele A being the Susceptibility Allele as denoted in column seven.In Table 1, the allele ratio in column eight (Allele RatiosThe footnote should read:bNumber of alleles were compared in cases versus controls: allele A: allele B cases, allele A: allele B controls. Allele A refers to the susceptibility alleles as given in column seven."}
{"text": "Correction for:Plasmodium falciparum and Its Clinical Presentation. PLoS Med 4(7): e242. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040242Aponte JJ, Menendez C, Schellenberg D, Kahigwa E, Mshinda H, et al. (2007) Age Interactions in the Development of Naturally Acquired Immunity to There was an error in"}
{"text": "The fourth and fifth authors' names were incorrectly listed. The correct names are: Maher Noureddine and Douglas A. Bell. The correct citation is: Jordan JJ, Menendez D, Inga A, Noureddine M, Bell DA, et al. (2008) Noncanonical DNA Motifs as Transactivation Targets by Wild Type and Mutant p53. PLoS Genet 4(6): e1000104. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000104"}
{"text": "The second author's name is displayed incorrectly in the by-line and the citation. The name should read: Alexis Wiktorowicz-Conroy. The citation should read: Doube M, Wiktorowicz-Conroy A, Christiansen P, Hutchinson JR, Shefelbine S (2009) Three-Dimensional Geometric Analysis of Felid Limb Bone Allometry. PLoS ONE 4(3): e4742. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004742"}
{"text": "Correction for:Drosophila cryptochromes are light activated by flavin photoreduction in living cells. PLoS Biol 6(7): e160. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060160Hoang N, Schleicher E, Kacprzak S, Bouly JP, Picot M, et al. (2008) Human and The seventh author's name appears incorrectly. It should be: Alex Berndt."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name was listed incorrectly in the article's citation. The correct citation is: Huse SM, Dethlefsen L, Huber JA, Mark Welch D, Relman DA, et al. (2008) Exploring Microbial Diversity and Taxonomy Using SSU rRNA Hypervariable Tag Sequencing. PLoS Genet 4(11): e1000255. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000255"}
{"text": "The first word of the title is misspelled. This also affect the article's citation. The correct title should be: Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonism Is Beneficial in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. The corrected citation is: Wang PHM, Campanholle G, Cenedeze MA, Feitoza CQ, Gon\u00e7alves GM, et al. (2008) Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonism Is Beneficial in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. PLoS ONE 3(8): e3050. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003050."}
{"text": "Correction for:Drosophila blastoderm. PLoS Biol 6(2): e27. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060027Li Xy, MacArthur S, Bourgon R, Nix D, Pollard DA, et al. (2008) Transcription factors bind thousands of active and inactive regions in the The information in"}
{"text": "There was an error in the title of this article. The correct title is: Rapid Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Studies Using Chlorotoxin-Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Novel Non-Radioactive Method. The correct citation is: Lee MJ-E, Veiseh O, Bhattarai N, Sun C, Hansen SJ, et al. (2010) Rapid Pharmacokinetic and Biodistribution Studies Using Chlorotoxin-Conjugated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Novel Non-Radioactive Method. PLoS ONE 5(3): e9536. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009536"}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus in Poultry . In the Table accompanying the article, the data on spa types isolated from pigs were originally described in de Neeling AJ, van den Broek MJM, Spalburg EC, van Santen-Verheuvel MG, Dam-Deisz WDC, Boshuizen HC, et al. High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs. Vet Microbiol. 2007;122:366\u201372. The article has been corrected online (www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/3/452.htm).A reference was missing from the article Methicillin-Resistant"}
{"text": "Zhouzhibin74@163.com (Z.-B.Z.); nioujianp@yahoo.com.cn (J.-P.N.); Tel.: +86-25-83272024 (Z.-B.Z.); +86-519-6159635 (J.-P.N.); Fax: +86-25-83272011 (Z.-B.Z.); +86-519-6068389 (J.-P.N.).Due to personal reasons, I left the research group. In accordance with the regulations of the funding institution, Xiamen Health Administration, China, I hereby declare a withdrawal of my signature, Zhi-Jun Zhang, from this paper. Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed are therefore; E-Mails: We apologize for any inconvenience brought to the readers."}
{"text": "The fourth author's name appears incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation should read: Morel E, Fouquet S, Strup-Perrot C, Pichol Thievend C, Petit C, et al. (2008) The Cellular Prion Protein PrPc Is Involved in the Proliferation of Epithelial Cells and in the Distribution of Junction-Associated Proteins. PLoS ONE 3(8): e3000. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003000"}
{"text": "An error in the author byline has been corrected. The new citation is: Onuma H, Tabara Y, Kawamura R, Tanaka T, Ohashi J, et al. (2010) A at Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-358 Is Required for G at -420 to Confer the Highest Plasma Resistin in the General Japanese Population. PLoS ONE 5(3): e9718. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009718."}
{"text": "The second author's name was incorrect. It should be Shin-Han Shiu. The correct citation is shown here:Arabidopsis thaliana Using Whole Genome Tiling Arrays. PLoS Genet 4(3): e1000032. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000032Zhang X, Shiu SH, Cal A, Borevitz JO (2008) Global Analysis of Genetic, Epigenetic and Transcriptional Polymorphisms in"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name appears incorrectly in the author byline and in the citation. It should read: Andrey Y. Abramov, and the citation should read: Wood-Kaczmar A, Gandhi S, Yao Z, Abramov AY, Miljan EA, et al. (2008) PINK1 Is Necessary for Long Term Survival and Mitochondrial Function in Human Dopaminergic Neurons. PLoS ONE 3(6): e2455. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002455"}
{"text": "Correction to McPoil TG, Cornwall MW, Medoff L, Vicenzion B, Fosberg K, Hilz D. Arch height change during sit-to-stand: an alternative for the navicular drop test. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2008; 1:3."}
{"text": "Correction for:Drosophila. PLoS Biol 5(10): e251. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050251Arama E, Bader M, Rieckhof GE, Steller H (2007) A Ubiquitin Ligase Complex Regulates Caspase Activation During Sperm Differentiation in PLoS Biology, Volume 5, issue 10:In The academic editor's name was misspelled. It should be Erika Bach, not Erica Bach."}
{"text": "The second author's name is incorrect. The correct name is Christina Labarrera. The citation now reads: Jung AG, Labarrera C, Jansen AM, Qvortrup K, Wild K, et al. (2010) A Mutational Analysis of the Endophilin-A N-BAR Domain Performed in Living Flies. PLoS ONE 5(3): e9492. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009492"}
{"text": "The second author's name appears incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation should read: Scholl HPN, Charbel Issa P, Walier M, Janzer S, Pollok-Kopp B, et al. (2008) Systemic Complement Activation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. PLoS ONE 3(7): e2593. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002593"}
{"text": "The third author's name was spelled incorrectly. The correct name is Seema Gandhi. The correct citation is: Sweiss NJ, Salloum R, Gandhi S, Alegre M-L, Sawaqed R, et al. (2010) Significant CD4, CD8, and CD19 Lymphopenia in Peripheral Blood of Sarcoidosis Patients Correlates with Severe Disease Manifestations. PLoS ONE 5(2): e9088. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009088"}
{"text": "The first author's name is misspelled. The correct spelling is: Enrico Defranchi. The correct citation is: Defranchi E, Schalon C, Messa M, Onofri F, Benfenati F, et al. (2010) Binding of Protein Kinase Inhibitors to Synapsin I Inferred from Pair-Wise Binding Site Similarity Measurements. PLoS ONE 5(8):e12214.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012214. The author contributions should read: Conceived and designed the experiments: FB DR. Performed the experiments: ED CS MM FO. Analyzed the data: ED CS MM FO DR. Wrote the paper: FB DR."}
{"text": "Correction for:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060123Demehri S, Liu Z, Lee J, Lin MH, Crosby SD, et al. (2008) Notch-deficient skin induces a lethal systemic B-lymphoproliferative disorder by secreting TSLP, a sentinel for epidermal integrity. PLoS Biol 6(5): e123 doi:Reference 29 was listed incorrectly. The corrected reference is:29. Astrakhan A, Omori M, Nguyen T, Becker-Herman S, Iseki M, et al. (2007) Local increase in thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces systemic alterations in B cell development. Nat Immunol 8: 522\u2013531."}
{"text": "The author order of the published article was incorrect. The correct order is: Margret Shirinian, Milica Popovic, Caroline Grabbe, Gaurav Varshney, Fredrik Hugosson, Hans Bos, Holger Rehmann, Ruth H. Palmer. Milica Popovic and Caroline Grabbe should be considered equally contributing second authors. The citation now reads: Shirinian M, Popovic M, Grabbe C, Varshney G, Hugosson F, et al. (2010) The Rap1 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor C3G Is Required for Preservation of Larval Muscle Integrity in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS ONE 5(3): e9403. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009403. The affiliations do not change."}
{"text": "The metal atom forms five- and six-membered chelate rings with the O,N,O\u2032-tridentate ligand.The Sn atom of the title compound, [Sn(C DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809002426/hb2900Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "The fourth author's name appears incorrectly. It should be: Anil K. Sharma. The correct citation should read: Edwards AO, Fridley BL, James KM, Sharma AK, Cunningham JM, et al. (2008) Evaluation of Clustering and Genotype Distribution for Replication in Genome Wide Association Studies: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study. PLoS ONE 3(11): e3813. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003813"}
{"text": "Expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in older populations. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2009, 6:59Correction to Tudor-Locke C, Hart TL, Washington TL:  After publication of this work , we noteTable 1. Expected values for pedometer-determined physical activity in healthy older adults. [ adults. -29.Click here for file"}
{"text": "The second author's name was entered incorrectly. The correct name is Narmada Sambaturu. The correct citation is: Sridhar J, Sambaturu N, Sabarinathan R, Ou H-Y, Deng Z, et al. (2010) sRNAscanner: A Computational Tool for Intergenic Small RNA Detection in Bacterial Genomes. PLoS ONE 5(8): e11970. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011970"}
{"text": "The authors requested additional authors be added to the byline and Author Contributions sections of this manuscript. The correct author byline (with affiliation footnotes) is: Yun Kang(2), Jan Zarzycki-Siek(1), Chad B. Walton(3), Michael H. Norris(2), Patrick Videau(1), Mike Son(1), Tung T. Hoang.The corrected citation is: Kang Y, Zarzycki-Siek J, Walton CB, Norris MH, Videau P (2010) Multiple FadD Acyl-CoA Synthetases Contribute to Differential Fatty Acid Degradation and Virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13557. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013557The correct Author Contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: YK CBW TTH. Performed the experiments: YK JZS MHN. Data analysis: YK TTH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JZS CBW MHN. Wrote the paper: YK TTH. PV assisted JZS with the virulence assays. MS assisted YK with the enzyme assays."}
{"text": "Raguenaud M, Jansson A, Vanlerberghe V, Van der Auwera G, Deborggraeve S, et al. (2007) Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis Treated by an MSF Clinic in Bakool Region, Somalia, 2004\u20132006. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1(1): e85. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000085An author name was misspelled: Geert Van der Auwera should be spelled Gert Van der Auwera."}
{"text": "Expanding the single-visit approach for cervical cancer prevention: successes and lessons from Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):288\u2013298. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00328Harvey SA. Observe before you leap: why observation provides critical insights for formative research and intervention design that you'll never get from focus groups, Interviews, or KAP Surveys. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):299\u2013316. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00471. (French translation of the abstract added)Koffi TB, Weidert K, Ouro Bitasse E, et al. Engaging men in family planning: perspectives from married men in Lom\u00e9, Togo. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):317\u2013329. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00440Subramanian L, Simon C, Daniel EE. Increasing contraceptive use among young married couples in Bihar, India: evidence from a decade of implementation of the PRACHAR Project. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):330\u2013344. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00290Sarma S, Nemser B, Cole-Lewis H, et al. Effectiveness of SMS technology on timely community health worker follow-up for childhood malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):345\u2013355. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00427Marks KJ, Luthringer CL, Ruth LJ, et al. Review of grain fortification legislation, standards, and monitoring documents. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):356\u2013371. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417. (French translation of the abstract added)Ndiaye K, Portillo E, Ouedraogo D, Mobley A, Babalola S. High-risk advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy: tackling a neglected need through formative research and action. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):372\u2013383. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00318Kheang T, Lin MA, Lwin S, et al. Malaria case detection among mobile populations and migrant workers in Myanmar: comparison of 3 service delivery approaches. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):384\u2013389. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00012Choi Y, Short Fabic M. Monitoring progress in equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of meeting demand for family planning. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):390\u2013401. We have added French translations of the abstracts for a number of articles from the June 2018 issue  in which the content focused on countries where the official language is French. This has affected the page numbering of these and subsequent articles. The new citations are as follows:"}
{"text": "The name should be indexed as: Abualrous ET. The correct citation is: Hein Z, Borchert B, Abualrous ET, Springer S (2018) Distinct mechanisms survey the structural integrity of HLA-B*27:05 intracellularly and at the surface. PLoS ONE 13(8): e0200811."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The affiliation of the 3rd author has been updated. The correct affiliation information is given below:3 Lecturer in Histopathology, National liver institute, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt23479-23491. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.15182Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:23479\u201323491."}
{"text": "PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216744. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216744The fifth author\u2019s initials are indexed incorrectly in PubMed. The publisher apologizes for this error. The correct initials are: Rohrer Bley C. The correct citation is: Nytko KJ, Thumser-Henner P, Weyland MS, Scheidegger S, Rohrer Bley C (2019) Cell line-specific efficacy of thermoradiotherapy in human and canine cancer cells"}
{"text": "Bacillus species exhibiting antifungal activity. PLoS ONE 13(6): e0198107. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198107The fourth and fifth authors\u2019 names are spelled incorrectly. The correct names are: Gajender Aleti and Muhammad Abaid Ullah. The correct citation is Sarwar A, Brader G, Corretto E, Aleti G, Ullah MA, Sessitsch A, et al. (2018) Qualitative analysis of biosurfactants from"}
{"text": "Phakopsora pachyrhizi. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0192189. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192189The sixth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Clara Beatriz Hoffmann-Campo. The correct citation is: Oliveira TBd, Azevedo Peixoto Ld, Teodoro PE, Alvarenga AAd, Bhering LL, Hoffmann-Campo CB (2018) The number of measurements needed to obtain high reliability for traits related to enzymatic activities and photosynthetic compounds in soybean plants infected with"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Aysha Aslam. The correct citation is: Mehta AS, Lau DT-Y, Wang M, Aslam A, Nasir B, Javaid A, et al. (2018) Application of the Doylestown algorithm for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS ONE 13(8): e0203149."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Katherine A. Araque. The correct citation is: Kana Kadayakkara D, Balasubramanian P, Araque KA, Davis K, Javed F, Niaki P, et al. (2019) Multidisciplinary strategies to treat severe hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus reduce inpatient mortality rate: Experience from an academic community hospital. PLoS ONE 14(8): e0220956."}
{"text": "The correct name is: W.Y. Licuanan. The correct citation is: Raymundo LJ, Licuanan WY, Kerr AM (2018) Adding insult to injury: Ship groundings are associated with coral disease in a pristine reef. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0202939."}
{"text": "This study looks into the leaf beetle fauna of 13 small satellite islands off the west coast of Sabah. All specimens were first sorted into morpho-species operational taxonomic unit (OTU) before being identified to species rank where possible based on morphological characters and species names assigned when the specimens fitted the description of species in the literature. We collected 75 OTUs from 35 genera and five subfamilies according to morphology, 12 of which were identifiable to species level. In addition, the DNA barcode for each OTU was cross checked with records in GenBank and Barcoding of Life Data system (BOLD) to verify their identity. The number of species recorded was reduced from 12 species and 63 OTUs  to 12 species and 56 OTUs  after removal of the colour polymorphic species based on DNA barcode analyses. Pulau Gaya has the highest species richness and Pulau Sulug has the lowest species richness. A total of 64 Barcode Index Numbers consisting of 101 DNA barcodes were obtained from the 12 leaf beetle species and 48 OTUs. Based on the DNA barcode analyses, it was possible to confirm several polymorphic OTUs and cryptic species. The mean intraspecific and interspecific genetic divergence were determined as 0.77% and 16.11%, respectively. DNA barcodes of this study show a low similarity with records in GenBank and BOLD, highlighting the lack of representation and the urgency of studying leaf beetles from this region. The study provides the first documentation of leaf beetle fauna from island habitats of Sabah and the first DNA barcoding data for leaf beetles from this part of the world, with the next steps being larger scale sampling over a wider geographical scale for a better understanding of tropical arthropod diversity.Sabah is a province of Malaysia located on the northern part of the island of Borneo. Most of the leaf beetle fauna studies from this region conducted over the past 15 years have focussed on the mainland habitats while the leaf beetle fauna from island habitats ( The Leaf Beetle of Borneo by Chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802 is one of the most diverse beetle families, with 35,000\u201360,000 species around the world . The stuOver the past a decade and a half, the number of leaf beetle species in Borneo has increased significantly, with more than 100 new species originating from Sabah . Most ofThe above mentioned recent taxonomic works are based on morphological characteristics  and few For all the reasons stated above, it is timely to (1) document the species richness of leaf beetles from different habitats to obtain the general pattern of Bornean leaf beetle diversity, and (2) generate DNA barcodes for known and newly described Bornean leaf beetle species to serves as supplementary information for the morphological identification and building up of the DNA barcodes reference database and to enable rapid species identification. Therefore, this study serves as part of the effort by the second author, Haruo Takizawa towards the above mentioned goals through documentation of the species richness of leaf beetles in Sabah.Standard plot sampling was carried out between January 2016 and March 2017 on the 13 islands along the west coast of Sabah ; Table 1Leaf beetle specimens collected were first killed using 70% ethanol before identified under the microscope. All the specimens were first sorted and grouped into morpho-species operational taxonomic unit (OTU) before identified to species rank when possible by the second author based on morphological characteristics and literature available. For OTUs that were unable to be identified to species rank, these specimens were identified to genus rank when possible. The usage of the term \u2018species\u2019 in the present study referred to those determined species based on morphological characters and literature available while OTUs referred to both morpho-species and putative species determined through DNA barcoding. A few representative specimens of each species and OTU were selected and kept in absolute non-denatured ethanol under \u221220 \u00b0C for further DNA analysis. Photographs for dorsal and ventral habitus were taken for each species and OTU using a Leica Stereoscope M165C acquired with Leica DFC495 camera and Leica Application Suite ver.4.4.0. All the specimens were deposited in the BORNEENSIS collection at the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Specimen information was catalogued in the BORNEENSIS collection database under the accession number BOR/COL ####.DNA was extracted from one to three whole legs of the leaf beetles using Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kits, following the manufacturer\u2019s protocols. After that, all the DNA extracts were stored under \u201320 \u00b0C prior to PCR amplification.2, 1.5 \u03bcl of 25 mM MgCl2, 0.5 \u03bcl of 2.5 mM dNTP mix, 0.5 \u03bcl of 10 pmol each primer, 0.25 \u03bcl of 5 u/\u03bcl Taq DNA polymerase, one \u03bcl DNA template and 18.25 \u03bcl ddH2O. PCR amplification was performed in Bio-Rad T100 Thermal Cycler following thermal cycling, an initial denaturation at 94 \u00b0C for 3 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 \u00b0C for 30 s, annealing at 47 \u00b0C for 45 s, extension at 72 \u00b0C for 60 s, and a final extension at 72 \u00b0C for 5 min. PCR products were checked for successful amplicon using the 1% agarose gel with TBE buffer. Successful PCR amplicons were sent to Genomics BioScience and Technology Co., Ltd.  for sequencing.The mitochondrial gene region, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I was PCR-amplified using universal primer LCO 1490 and HCO 2198 . The 25 Sequences were checked visually with Bioedit v7.1.9 . All theIn addition, all sequences were crossed checked with the records in the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank and BOLD using the Basic local alignment search Tool (BLAST)  in GeneiThe BINs for each specimen were listed. The intraspecific and interspecific distances of the species were generated using the sequence analysis in BOLD. For intraspecific distance, only species with more than one individual sequence were shown and for interspecific distance, only two or more species under the same genus were shown in the checklist. The \u2018Mean\u2019 represents the mean distance, \u2018Max\u2019 represents the maximum distance, and abbreviation \u2018N/A\u2019 represents data that are not available.Family-group names in Coleoptera , followed by Pulau Tiga (22 OTUs), Pulau Sapangar (18 OTUs), Pulau Dinawan and Pulau Sapi (nine OTUs), Pulau Mantukod and Pulau Manukan (eight OTUs), Pulau Mengalum (seven OTUs), Pulau Mamutik and Pulau Udar Besar (six OTUs), Pulau Udar Kecil (five OTUs), Pulau Peduk (four OTUs) and Pulau Sulug (two OTUs). The number of leaf beetle subfamilies, genera and OTUs collected at each island is summarized in A total of 1,104 leaf beetle specimens were collected in this study, including 68 OTUs in 35 genera and five subfamilies after the removal of polymorphic species based on the DNA barcode analyses, in which 12 OTUs were identified to species level based on morphological characters. Of all the leaf beetle subfamilies collected, Galerucinae had the highest number of genera and species recorded , followed by the subfamily Eumolpinae , subfamily Cassidinae , subfamilies Chrysomelinae  and Criocerinae . In terms of genera, genus dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-BCHRY18). Details of the sequenced leaf beetle species, number of specimens, and respective BINs are listed in the Supplementary file, Total genomic DNA of 75 morphologically identified leaf beetle species was extracted, but only 67 of these were successfully sequenced resulting in 100 barcode compliant sequences and one non-barcode compliant sequence. These 101 sequences were uploaded and assigned to 64 BINs in BOLD , 17.19% (13.23\u201324.02%), 29.86% (27.11\u201333.13%) and 36.57% (30.66\u201340.99%), respectively. The overall mean AT content of the 101 sequences was 66.43% (57.85\u201371.66%) and strongly AT biased at the third codon position with mean AT content of 85.09% (63.64\u201396.51%). Intraspecific and interspecific K2P distances were easily distinguishable from each other, with overall means 0.77% (range 0\u20131.99%) and 16.11% (range 4.71\u201324.6%), respectively. Further details of the intraspecific and interspecific distances are available in the All the 101 sequences submitted to GenBank through BLAST and identification tools in BOLD platform to search for identical results and the top-hit results are shown in the In general, a high proportion of these 101 top-hit search records were insufficiently identified, with only 46.5% of the GenBank and 14.9% of the BOLD records being identified to species rank. Besides that, only 21 records (15 species) and 38 records (21 species) from both GenBank and BOLD have pairwise identity percentage higher than 90% with the queried sequences. For instance, only nine out of the 21 GenBank records and five out of the 38 BOLD records have pairwise percentages higher than 90% with the queried sequences were identified to species rank.Several earlier studies on species richness and biodiversity of Chrysomelidae from Sabah can be compared with the present study . For insMonolepta was the most speciose genus collected in this study also agrees with previous reports from Sabah and Borneo .This checklist also reveals the distribution of agricultural pest species on the islands, which is vital for the control of their dispersal. For example, Scelodonta granulosa (BOLD:ADE7488) was previously recorded from Malaysia in BOLD  assigned to five different BINs in BOLD, (2) intraspecific divergence (19.14%) higher than the distance to the nearest neighbour Basilepta sp. 1 (16.33%) in the Barcode Gap analysis, and (3) split into five different clusters in the Taxon ID Tree analysis .Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8071. Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8166, BOR/COL 8173, BOR/COL 9444.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga, Pulau Gaya.Distribution in the world.Altica aenea is widespread in tropical Australia and also found from India and Nepal east through Southeast Asia to the west Pacific Islands of Palau, Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and tropical Australia . BOLD:AAP8616Intra-specific distance (%). Mean: 0\u2003\u2003Max: 0Remarks. BLAST top-hit result shows 99% similarity with Altica bermanensis and Altica engstromi. However, both species have not recorded in Sabah .Pulau Mamutik: BOR/COL 9602.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Mamutik.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH3773Remarks. Only found in Pulau Mamutik.Argopistes Motschulsky, 1860Genus Refer to Interspecific distance (%). Mean: 15.38\u2003\u2003Max: 15.38Argopistes sp. 1Examined materials (11).Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/COL 8442\u20138446, BOR/COL 9894\u20139895. Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9813, BOR/COL 9915\u20139917.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Udar Kecil, Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5650Remarks. Differentiated from Argopistes sp. 2 by black dorsum and yellow venter.Argopistes sp. 2Examined materials (2).Pulau Mamutik: BOR/COL 9608\u20139609.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Mamutik.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5651Remarks. Found near Citrus plant. Dorsal and ventral dark red in colour.Erystus Jacoby, 1885Genus Refer to Erystus villicus .Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8134\u20138141, BOR/COL 8334\u20138341, BOR/COL 9332\u20139334, BOR/COL 9394\u20139395, BOR/COL 9400\u20139416.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Distribution in the world. Sabah, Philippines (lippines .Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH6322Remarks. Usually found on Hibiscus tiliaceus near the beach with a great number of individuals. Heavily defoliate the host plant.Hemipyxis Chevrolat, 1836Genus Refer to Hemipyxis sp.Examined materials (10).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8187, BOR/COL 8213, BOR/COL 8236, BOR/COL 8325\u20138326, BOR/COL 9397, BOR/COL 9814\u20139815, BOR/COL 9924, BOR/COL 9961.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). N/ARemarks. Only collected from Pulau Gaya. Body is yellow in colour.Hyphasis Harold, 1877Genus Refer to Hyphasis sp.Examined materials (1).Pulau Dinawan: BOR/COL 8449.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Dinawan.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5610Remarks. Only found in Pulau Dinawan, near to deforested area.LankaMaulik, 1926Genus Refer to Lanka sp.Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8097.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH7255Remarks. Collected from a plant near to the river in Pulau Gaya.Schenklingia Csiki & Heikertinger, 1940Genus Refer to Schenklingia sp.Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9429.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH3903Remarks. Body colour dark red, first three and 11th antennal segment orange\u2013brown colour and remaining antennal segments black in colour.Tribe LUPERINI Leng 1920Subtribe AULACOPHORINA Wilcox 1972Section Aulacophorites Chapius 1875Genus Aulacophora Dejean, 1835Refer to Aulacophora sp.Examined materials (7).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8103, BOR/COL 8184, BOR/COL 8321, BOR/COL 8331, BOR/COL 9462\u20139464.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4212Remarks. Found on the plants near river area in Pulau Gaya.Subtribe LUPERINA Wilcox 1965Section Doryscites Wilcox 1973StrobiderusJacoby, 1884Genus Refer to Strobiderus sp.Examined materials (7).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 6995\u20136999, BOR/COL 9155, BOR/COL 9156.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH6702Remarks. Collected from the ventral part of the leaves of plant family Araceae.Section Luperites Chapius 1875HoplosaenideaLaboissiere, 1933Genus Refer to Interspecific distance (%). Mean: 17.70\u2003\u2003Max: 22.35Hoplosaenidea malayensis .Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8188\u20138193, BOR/COL 8330, BOR/COL 9854\u20139856. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 8425, BOR/COL 9680\u20139681. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/COL 8440.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Udar Besar.Distribution in the world. Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Sumatra ( Sumatra .Host plant.Barringtonia sp. (Lecythidaceae) (idaceae) Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4031Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0.1\u2003\u2003Max: 0.15Remarks. Whole body yellow in colour, usually found in few of individuals on a single plant.Hoplosaenidea sp. 1Examined materials (1).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 7000.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH3897Remarks. Body completely creamy white in colour.Hoplosaenidea sp. 2Examined materials (6).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8538. Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9430\u20139434.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga, Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4030Remarks. Whole body banana yellow in colour, and elytra with two longitudinally black stripes.Hoplosaenidea sp. 3Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8268.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). N/ARemarks. Whole body red\u2013orange in colour.Hoplosaenidea sp. 4Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8095.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4029Remarks. Similar to Hoplosaenidea sp. 6, different by thorax and elytra colouration, and the 9th antennae segment on basal half white and on apical half black.Hoplosaenidea sp. 5\u20135BExamined materials (2).Pulau Mantukod: BOR/COL 9720\u20139721.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Mantukod.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4033Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0\u2003\u2003Max: 0Remarks. Phenotypic polymorphism, with difference in size and body colour.Hoplosaenidea variabilis .Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/COL 9638.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Udar Besar.Distribution in the world. Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Java . BOLD:ADH4032Remarks. Head and thorax maroon red colour, and elytra with metallic bluish-green colour.Section MONOLEPTITES Chapius 1875MetrioideaFairmaire, 1881Genus Refer to Metrioidea grandis .Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8094, BOR/COL 8106\u20138108, BOR/COL 8121\u20138122, BOR/COL 8131\u20138132, BOR/COL 8171\u20138172, BOR/COL 8238, BOR/COL 8241\u20138245, BOR/COL 8270\u20138273, BOR/COL 8283\u20138304, BOR/COL 8310, BOR/COL 9428, BOR/COL 9465\u20139467, BOR/COL 9480, BOR/COL 9494. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 8417, BOR/COL 8429\u20138433.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapangar.Distribution in the world. Sarawak, Sabah, Borneo . BOLD:ADH7177Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 1.99\u2003\u2003Max: 1.99Remarks. Body orange in colour. Elytra become semi-transparent after soaking in ethanol.Monolepta Erichson, 1843Genus Refer to Interspecific distance (%). Mean: 15.88\u2003\u2003Max: 24.60Monolepta sp. 1Examined materials (53).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8209\u20138211, BOR/COL 8235, BOR/COL 8250, BOR/COL 8323, BOR/COL 8332, BOR/COL 9396, BOR/COL 9460, BOR/COL 9805, BOR/COL 9836\u20139840, BOR/COL 9932. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 8427, BOR/COL 8435\u20138436, BOR/COL 9672, BOR/COL 9674, BOR/COL 9690, BOR/COL 9699, BOR/COL 9709\u20139711. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/COL 8441. Pulau Sapi: BOR/COL 9215\u20139220, BOR/COL 9243. Pulau Sulug: BOR/COL 9619\u20139622, BOR/COL 9624\u20139633, BOR/COL 9635\u20139636. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/COL 9736. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/COL 9899\u20139900.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Udar Besar, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Sulug, Pulau Mantukod, Pulau Udar Kecil.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4138Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0.92\u2003\u2003Max: 0.92Remarks. Whole body yellow in colour with the brown or orange tibia.Monolepta sp. 2Examined materials (4).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 6931, BOR/COL 9442. Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8526, BOR/COL 9774.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH7139Remarks. Body length around 2\u20133 mm. Black colour elytra with two distinct white bands. Last ventrite segment black.Monolepta sp. 3Examined materials (8).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 6924\u20136926, BOR/COL 9423, BOR/COL 9468\u20139470. Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 9778.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4196Remarks. This species especially abundant during the flowering season, with deep red colour head, thorax and abdomen, and black colour elytra, last antennae segment black in colour.Monolepta sp. 4Examined materials (174).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 6921\u20136923, BOR/COL 9335\u20139392, BOR/COL 9471\u20139478, BOR/COL 9821. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/COL 8455, BOR/COL 8492\u20138505, BOR/COL 9755. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/COL 9249, BOR/COL 9967\u20139976. Pulau Manukan: BOR/COL 9558\u20139579. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/COL 9640\u20139667. Pulau Peduk: BOR/COL 9860\u20139872. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/COL 9901\u20139914.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Udar Besar, Pulau Peduk, Pulau Udar Kecil.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH6840Remarks. Heavily defoliate Citrus sp., Mangifera sp. and Sauropus androgynus plants young shoots.Monolepta sp. 5\u20136DExamined materials (20).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8178, BOR/COL 8180, BOR/COL 8251. Pulau Sapi: BOR/COL 8348. Pulau Manukan: BOR/COL 8403, BOR/COL 9583\u20139585, BOR/COL 9592. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/COL 9603. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/COL 9718\u20139719, BOR/COL 9722\u20139723, BOR/COL 9733\u20139735. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/COL 9740\u20139741. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/COL 9897.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Mantukod, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Udar Kecil.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4050Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0.96\u2003\u2003Max: 1.69Remarks. This species exhibits phenotypic polymorphism, with four different phenotypic characters, one fully milky white in colour, one with suture and elytra edge black in colour, one elytra with two dark brown bands separated by light brown bands, and one elytra with two dark brown bands interconnected by dark brown suture but separated by two light brown bands.Monolepta sp. 6Examined materials (1).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8531.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH6249Remarks. Found resting on the beach on Ipomoea species. Head and elytra deep red in colour with thorax creamy white in colour.Monolepta sp. 7Examined materials (6).Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 8426, BOR/COL 8437\u20138439, BOR/COL 9677, BOR/COL 9717.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Sapangar.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4051Remarks. Usually found on the highest point in Pulau Sapangar.Monolepta sp. 8Examined materials (22).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8314, BOR/COL 9299\u20139301, BOR/COL 9824, BOR/COL 9826\u20139835, BOR/COL 9841, BOR/COL 9939\u20139944.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH7150Remarks. Only collected from Pulau Gaya, light yellow in colour.Monolepta sp. 9Examined materials (15).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8276, BOR/COL 9330, BOR/COL 9435\u20139437, BOR/COL 9440\u20139441, BOR/COL 9443, BOR/COL 9825. Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8525, BOR/COL 9153, BOR/COL 9165\u20139166, BOR/COL 9779. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 9684.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Sapangar.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH7149Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 1.32\u2003\u2003Max: 1.83Remarks. Black colour head with milky white colour thorax and black colour elytra with a white band in the middle of the elytra.Monolepta sp. 10Examined materials (3).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8104, BOR/COL 8181. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/COL 9732.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Mantukod.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH7148Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0\u2003\u2003Max: 0Remarks. Orange colour head and thorax, semi-transparent elytra with light green abdomen.Monolepta sp. 11Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8119.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH7140Remarks. Similar to Monolepta sp. 18, with the difference on the elytra patterns.Monolepta sp. 12Examined materials (1).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 9201.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4195Remarks. Collected from random sweeping along the Pagong-Pagong trail in Pulau Tiga.Monolepta sp. 13Examined materials (1).Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 9678.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Sapangar.Barcode Index Number (BIN). N/ARemarks. Body length 2\u20133 mm. Only collected from Pulau Sapangar.Monolepta sp. 14\u20137FExamined materials (9).Pulau Sapi: BOR/COL 9223, BOR/COL 9240. Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9418\u20139419, BOR/COL 9450, BOR/COL 9842. Pulau Manukan: BOR/COL 9556\u20139557. Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 9766.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Sapi, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4966Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0.41\u2003\u2003Max: 0.62Remarks. Possibly exhibits sexual dimorphism.Monolepta sp. 15Examined materials (7).Pulau Dinawan: BOR/COL 8456. Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9438\u20139439. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/COL 9600. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/COL 9639, BOR/COL 9670. Pulau Peduk: BOR/COL 9883.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Udar Besar, Pulau Peduk.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4198Remarks. Black colour head with the yellow thorax, black elytra with one yellow band in the middle.Monolepta sp. 16Examined materials (3).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9424, BOR/COL 9445, BOR/COL 9958.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). N/ARemarks. Whole body brown in colour, only found in Pulau Gaya.Monolepta sp. 17Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9449.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH7141Remarks. Whole body white in colour, meso- and metasternum light brown in colour.Monolepta sp. 18Examined materials (1).Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 9679.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Sapangar.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4197Remarks. Differentiate from Monolepta sp. 11 by the dark colour patterns on the elytra.OchraleaClark, 1865Genus Refer to Ochralea nigripes .Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8002\u20138005, BOR/COL 8015, BOR/COL 8017\u20138039, BOR/COL 8048\u20138050, BOR/COL 8515\u20138518, BOR/COL 8520\u20138524, BOR/COL 8528\u20138530, BOR/COL 8542\u20138544, BOR/COL 8555\u20138558, BOR/COL 9121\u20139147, BOR/COL 9160\u20139164, BOR/COL 9198\u20139199, BOR/COL 9202\u20139206, BOR/COL 9780\u20139789, BOR/COL 9798\u20139799. Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8201, BOR/COL 8212, BOR/COL 8234, BOR/COL 8319\u20138320, BOR/COL 8322, BOR/COL 8327, BOR/COL 9461, BOR/COL 9956. Pulau Sapi: BOR/COL 8356, BOR/COL 8362. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/COL 8408, BOR/COL 8411\u20138416, BOR/COL 9604\u20139607. Pulau Udar Besar: BOR/COL 9668\u20139669. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 9692\u20139696, BOR/COL 9707.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Mamutik, Pulau Udar Besar, Pulau Sapangar.Distribution in the world. This species is widely distributed in many east Asian countries, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia, Burma, Myanmar, Thailand, Brunei, Laos, Vietnam, Singapore, northwards to Southern China, westwards to Bangladesh, eastwards to Sulawesi and as far as the Wallace-line (ace-line .Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4213Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0.7\u2003\u2003Max: 1.06Remarks. 8\u201310 mm body length, with colour variations of yellow and yellow\u2013orange body colour. Very abundant especially in Pulau Gaya and Pulau Tiga. Few individuals collected in between leaf litters and twigs from the ground.Tribe GALERUCINI Laboissiere 1921Section Coelomerites Chapius 1875Clitena Baly, 1864Genus Refer to Clitena sp.Examined materials (2).Pulau Manukan: BOR/COL 8399, BOR/COL 9580.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Manukan.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH3702Remarks. Found near the sunset point shelter in Pulau Manukan.Tribe METACYCLINI Leng 1920SumatrasiaJacoby, 1884Genus Refer to Sumatrasia sp.Examined materials (1).Pulau Sapi: BOR/COL 6938.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Sapi.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4430Remarks. Whole body yellow in colour. Collected along the trail in Pulau Sapi.Tribe SERMYLINI Wilcox 1965Section Antiphites Chapius 1875DercetinaGressitt & Kimoto, 1963Genus Refer to Dercetina sp.Examined materials (5).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8150. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 8428, BOR/COL 8434, BOR/COL 9671, BOR/COL 9713.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapangar.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH3896Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0.3\u2003\u2003Max: 0.3Remarks. Head, thorax and the basal half of elytra red colour, and apical half black. Last ventrite visible from dorsal.MonoleptaGenus indet. nr.  and 9AExamined materials (14).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8277. Pulau Peduk: BOR/COL 9873\u20139877, BOR/COL 9884\u20139885, BOR/COL 9888\u20139893.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Peduk.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH3996Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0.2\u2003\u2003Max: 0.3Remarks. Possibly exhibit phenotypic polymorphism with three different patterns and colourations on the elytra. These three patterns also observed at UMS hill based on second author collection.SUBFAMILY EUMOLPINAETribe ADOXINI Jacoby, 1908Section Scelodontites Chapius 1874Scelodonta Westwood, 1837Genus Refer to Scelodonta granulosaBaly, 1867Examined materials (2).Pulau Mengalum: BOR/COL 9531. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 9682.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Sapangar.Distribution in the world. Borneo, China, India, Laos, Sarawak, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam ( Vietnam .Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADE7488Remarks. Iridescent body colour with the red colour tibia.Tribe COLASPOSOMINI Springlova 1960Section Colasposomites Wilcox 1982Colasposoma Laporte, 1833Genus Refer to Colasposoma auripenne Motschulsky, 1860Examined materials (2).Pulau Dinawan: BOR/COL 9753\u20139754.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Dinawan.Distribution in the world. Borneo, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Java, Laos. Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam . BOLD:ADH6210Remarks. This species was found on the cultivated sweet potatoes plant, Ipomoea batatas.Tribe EUMOLPINI Jacoby, 1908Section Endocephalites Chapius 1874AulaciaBaly, 1867Genus Refer to Aulacia sp.Examined materials (2).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 9154, BOR/COL 9200.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). N/ARemarks. Dark brown in colour. Found from Pagong-Pagong trail, Pulau Tiga.Colaspoides Laporte, 1833Genus Refer to Interspecific distance (%). Mean: 23.03\u2003\u2003Max: 23.03Colaspoides sp. 1Examined materials (9).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8545\u20138546. Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9398, BOR/COL 9454\u20139458. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 9691.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapangar.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4442Remarks. 1st\u20138th antennae segments yellow\u2013brown, 9th\u201311th antennae segments black, dorsum and leg yellow\u2013brown.Colaspoides tuberculataBaly, 1867Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9858.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Distribution in the world. Sabah, Sarawak ( Sarawak .Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4443Remarks. Antennae black, body colour iridescent colour.Tribe NODININI Chen 1940Section Nodostomini Jacoby, 1908BasileptaBaly, 1860Genus Refer to Interspecific distance (%). Mean: 18.02\u2003\u2003Max: 21.63Basilepta sp. 1Examined materials (21).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8202, BOR/COL 8237, BOR/COL 9296, BOR/COL 9302\u20139310, BOR/COL 9843\u20139848, BOR/COL 9918\u20139919. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/COL 9737.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Mantukod.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5567Remarks. Pronotum strongly punctate, body dark brown in colour.Basilepta sp. 2Examined materials (9).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 6930, BOR/COL 9311\u20139316, BOR/COL 9819. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 9683.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapangar.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5568Remarks. Thorax strongly punctate, elytra weakly punctate than pronotum.Basilepta sp. 3Examined materials (6).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 9158, BOR/COL 9170, BOR/COL 9187, BOR/COL 9757, BOR/COL 9769. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 9714.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga, Pulau Sapangar.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADI3390Remarks. Pronotum impunctate, elytra not strongly punctate.Basilepta sp. 4Examined materials (10).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8064\u20138065, BOR/COL 9758\u20139765.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH4287Remarks. Body red\u2013brown in colour. Pronotum weakly punctate than on elytra.Basilepta sp. 5Examined materials (13).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8102, BOR/COL 8198, BOR/COL 8324, BOR/COL 9331, BOR/COL 9420, BOR/COL 9822\u20139823, BOR/COL 9927\u20139931. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 9686.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapangar.Barcode Index Number (BIN). N/ARemarks. Pronotum impunctate on median area, strongly punctate laterally.Basilepta sp. 6Examined materials (1).Pulau Mengalum: BOR/COL 9977.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Mengalum.Barcode Index Number (BIN). N/ARemarks. Only collected from Pulau Mengalum.Nodina Motschulsky, 1858Genus Refer to Nodina sp. and 11AExamined materials (159).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 6994, BOR/COL 8047, BOR/COL 8527, BOR/COL 8547\u20138548, BOR/COL 8559, BOR/COL 9148\u20139152, BOR/COL 9167, BOR/COL 9171\u20139186, BOR/COL 9188\u20139197, BOR/COL 9210\u20139211, BOR/COL 9768, BOR/COL 9782, BOR/COL 9790\u20139797, BOR/COL 9800\u20139802. Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8179, BOR/COL 8197, BOR/COL 8240, BOR/COL 8258, BOR/COL 8328, BOR/COL 9297, BOR/COL 9298, BOR/COL 9319\u20139422, BOR/COL 9806\u20139811, BOR/COL 9920\u20139923, BOR/COL 9933\u20139935, BOR/COL 9945, BOR/COL 9955, BOR/COL 9959. Pulau Sapi: BOR/COL 8350\u20138352, BOR/COL 8365\u20138366, BOR/COL 8369\u20138373, BOR/COL 9221\u20139222, BOR/COL 9224\u20139237, BOR/COL 9241. Pulau Manukan: BOR/COL 8398, BOR/COL 8400\u20138402, BOR/COL 9552, BOR/COL 9555, BOR/COL 9590. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 8418\u20138421, BOR/COL 9676, BOR/COL 9689, BOR/COL 9701\u20139706, BOR/COL 9712. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/COL 8447\u20138448, BOR/COL 8460\u20138469, BOR/COL 8473\u20138485, BOR/COL 9738\u20139739, BOR/COL 9748\u20139749. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/COL 8506, BOR/COL 8510, BOR/COL 9731.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Mantukod.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADI2797, BOLD:ADI2798, BOLD:ADI3779, BOLD:ADI3780, BOLD:ADI3781Remarks. These species are so closely similar on outer morphological traits that we refrain from sorting them into morphological species at present. Six random individuals selected for sequencing results in five different OTUs.Section Pagriites Lefevre 1885PagriaLefevre, 1884Genus Refer to Pagria sp.Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9479.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ACW8270Remarks. Head and thorax black in colour and elytra brown in colour.Section Metachromites Chapius 1874Rhyparida Baly, 1861Genus Refer to Interspecific distance (%). Mean: 16.91\u2003\u2003Max: 17.79Rhyparida sp. 1Examined materials (74).Pulau Sapi: BOR/COL 6939\u20136940, BOR/COL 8355, BOR/COL 9238\u20139239, BOR/COL 9242. Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8063, BOR/COL 9159, BOR/COL 9168, BOR/COL 9767. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 8422, BOR/COL 9675, BOR/COL 9697\u20139698, BOR/COL 9700. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/COL 8450\u20138451, BOR/COL 8470, BOR/COL 9742\u20139746. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/COL 8508, BOR/COL 9724\u20139729. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/COL 9252\u20139254, BOR/COL 9258\u20139265, BOR/COL 9268\u20139270, BOR/COL 9459, BOR/COL 9496\u20139501, BOR/COL 9518\u20139530, BOR/COL 9532\u20139537, BOR/COL 9540, BOR/COL 9549. Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9329, BOR/COL 9425.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Sapi, Pulau Tiga, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Mantukod, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5562Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0.91\u2003\u2003Max: 1.53Remarks. Anterior femora with or without weak spine.Rhyparida sp. 2Examined materials (64).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8196, BOR/COL 8262, BOR/COL 8269, BOR/COL 8311, BOR/COL 9322\u20139328, BOR/COL 9414, BOR/COL 9426\u20139427. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/COL 8471\u20138472. Pulau Sapi: BOR/COL 9212\u20139214. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/COL 9250\u20139251, BOR/COL 9255\u20139257, BOR/COL 9266\u20139267, BOR/COL 9502\u20139506, BOR/COL 9509\u20139517, BOR/COL 9538\u20139539, BOR/COL 9541\u20139548, BOR/COL 9963\u20139966, BOR/COL 9978\u20139980. Pulau Manukan: BOR/COL 9581. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 9708, BOR/COL 9715\u20139716. Pulau Mantukod: BOR/COL 9730. Pulau Udar Kecil: BOR/COL 9896, BOR/COL 9898.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Sapangar, Pulau Mantukod, Pulau Udar Kecil.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5563Remarks. Anterior femore with well-developed spine on inner margin.Section Typophorites Chapius 1874Cleorina Lefevre, 1885Genus Refer to Cleorina malayana .Pulau Manukan: BOR/COL 9593\u20139599. Pulau Sulug: BOR/COL 9637.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Manukan, Pulau Sulug.Distribution in the world. Sabah, Sumatra ( Sumatra .Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5352Remarks. Found feeding on the family Zingiberaceae plants.SUBFAMILY CASSIDINAETribe CRYPTONYCHINI Weise 1911BrontispaGenus Refer to Brontispa longissima .Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8054\u20138062. Pulau Manukan: BOR/COL 8397, BOR/COL 9586\u20139589. Pulau Dinawan: BOR/COL 8453\u20138454, BOR/COL 8457, BOR/COL 8486\u20138491, BOR/COL 9751\u20139752. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/COL 9244\u20139248. Pulau Mamutik: BOR/COL 9610\u20139618.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga, Pulau Manukan, Pulau Dinawan, Pulau Mengalum, Pulau Mamutik.Distribution in the world. Bismarck Archipelago, Cambodia, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macau, Indonesia, Iran Jaya, Java, Moluccas, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, American Samoa, Australia, French Polynesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands . BOLD:AAL7691Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0.10\u2003\u2003Max: 0.15Remarks. Only found on the islands with tourisms activities and/or resorts, feeding on Cocos nucifera young shoot.Tribe GONOPHORINI Weise 1911Gonophora Baly, 1858Genus Refer to Gonophora sp.Examined materials (21).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8016, BOR/COL 8519, BOR/COL 8532\u20138533, BOR/COL 9169, BOR/COL 9207\u20139209, BOR/COL 9770, BOR/COL 9803\u20139804. Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8260, BOR/COL 8266\u20138267, BOR/COL 9957, BOR/COL 9960. Pulau Sapi: BOR/COL 8344\u20138346. Pulau Sapangar: BOR/COL 8423\u20138424.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga, Pulau Gaya, Pulau Sapi, Pulau Sapangar.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH6672Intraspecific distance (%). Mean: 0.69\u2003\u2003Max: 1.38Remarks. Usually found on the leaf surface of Oncosperma tigillarium.Tribe HISPINI Weise 1911Dactylispa Weise, 1897Genus Refer to Interspecific distance (%). Mean: 21.32\u2003\u2003Max: 21.32Dactylispa sp. 1Examined materials (1).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 9777.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5880Remarks. Different from Dactylispa sp. 2 by the spine branching on the prothorax and smaller in size.Dactylispa sp. 2Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8305.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH6349Remarks. Generally bigger in size than Dactylispa sp. 1.Tribe NOTOSACANTHINI Hincks 1952Notosacantha Chevolat, 1836Genus Refer to Interspecific distance (%). Mean: 14.14\u2003\u2003Max: 14.14Notosacantha sp. 1Examined materials (4).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 8312, BOR/COL 9446\u20139448.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5640Remarks. Found on Ardisia sp. plant.Notosacantha sp. 2Examined materials (7).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8540, BOR/COL 9771\u20139773, BOR/COL 9776. Pulau Mengalum: BOR/COL 9550\u20139551.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga, Pulau Mengalum.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH5641Remarks. Found on Ardisia sp. plant.Hispinae sp.Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9417.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). N/ARemarks. Elytra dilated at side, regularly with four interstices of two regular rows of punctures.SUBFAMILY CHRYSOMELINAETribe CHRYSOMELINI Reitter 1912Subtribe CHRYSOMELINA Chen 1936Plagiodera Chevrolat, 1837Genus Refer to Plagiodera sp.Examined materials (1).Pulau Tiga: BOR/COL 8514.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Tiga.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH0536Remarks. Found on plants near southeast mud volcano of Pulau Tiga.Subtribe PHYLLOCHARINA Weise 1915Phola Weise, 1890Genus Refer to Phola sedecimpustulata .Pulau Peduk: BOR/COL 9882.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Peduk.Distribution in the world. Sabah, Peninsular Malaysia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam ( Vietnam .Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH6695Remarks. Pronotum with three spots forming a triangular shape, elytra with nine yellow spots and one of the spots at the tip of the elytra.SUBFAMILY CRIOCERINAETribe LEMIINI Heinze 1962Lema Fabricius, 1798Genus Refer to Lema sp.Examined materials (1).Pulau Gaya: BOR/COL 9393.Distribution in Sabah. Pulau Gaya.Barcode Index Number (BIN). BOLD:ADH6230Remarks. Found after a shower rain near the Padang Point Restaurant at Pulau Gaya.The notable number of leaf beetle species collected from a small portion of the island habitats in Sabah (\u223c3%) during the course of this study, indicates that many species have yet to be discovered and that these habitats should not be neglected in the process of investigating Bornean leaf beetle diversity. Moreover, the number of DNA barcodes generated in this study not only proves the effectiveness of barcoding in species delimitation, but also highlights the unsatisfactory level of representation of this taxa in the public sequence database for this region. This study marks an attempt to improve our current understanding of leaf beetle diversity from this region and helps in building up the DNA barcode reference database of these taxa.10.7717/peerj.5811/supp-1Supplemental Information 1Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.5811/supp-2Supplemental Information 2Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.5811/supp-3Supplemental Information 3Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.5811/supp-4Supplemental Information 4Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.5811/supp-5Supplemental Information 5Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.5811/supp-6Supplemental Information 6Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.5811/supp-7Supplemental Information 7Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Expanding the single-visit approach for cervical cancer prevention: successes and lessons from Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):288\u2013298. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00328Harvey SA. Observe before you leap: why observation provides critical insights for formative research and intervention design that you'll never get from focus groups, Interviews, or KAP Surveys. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):299\u2013316. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00471. (French translation of the abstract added)Koffi TB, Weidert K, Ouro Bitasse E, et al. Engaging men in family planning: perspectives from married men in Lom\u00e9, Togo. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):317\u2013329. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00440Subramanian L, Simon C, Daniel EE. Increasing contraceptive use among young married couples in Bihar, India: evidence from a decade of implementation of the PRACHAR Project. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):330\u2013344. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00290Sarma S, Nemser B, Cole-Lewis H, et al. Effectiveness of SMS technology on timely community health worker follow-up for childhood malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):345\u2013355. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00427Marks KJ, Luthringer CL, Ruth LJ, et al. Review of grain fortification legislation, standards, and monitoring documents. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):356\u2013371. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417. (French translation of the abstract added)Ndiaye K, Portillo E, Ouedraogo D, Mobley A, Babalola S. High-risk advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy: tackling a neglected need through formative research and action. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):372\u2013383. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00318Kheang T, Lin MA, Lwin S, et al. Malaria case detection among mobile populations and migrant workers in Myanmar: comparison of 3 service delivery approaches. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):384\u2013389. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00012Choi Y, Short Fabic M. Monitoring progress in equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of meeting demand for family planning. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):390\u2013401. We have added French translations of the abstracts for a number of articles from the June 2018 issue  in which the content focused on countries where the official language is French. This has affected the page numbering of these and subsequent articles. The new citations are as follows:"}
{"text": "Article title: Genetics, pathogenicity and transmissibility of novel reassortant H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses first isolated from migratory birds in western ChinaAuthors: Lu, S., Zhao, Z., Zhang, J., Wang, W., He, X., Yu, M., Zhang, C., Li, X., Guo, Z., Yang, X., Liu, L., Zhi, M., Fu, T., Lv, X., Ma, W., Liao, M., Chai, H., Liu, L., Qian, J., & Ma, J.Journal:Emerging Microbes & InfectionsBibliometrics: Volume 7 (2018)DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41426-017-0001-1When this paper was first published online, an error was found in the following sentence on page 3:The receptorbinding specificity was determined by hemagglutinin assays, revealing that the NX488-53 virus preferentially binds \u03b1-2, 3-linked avian sialic acid receptors The correct sentence should read:The receptorbinding specificity was determined by hemagglutinin assays, revealing that the NX488-53 virus preferentially binds \u03b1-2, 6-linked avian sialic acid receptors This has now been corrected."}
{"text": "Use of varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy in people with and without general practitioner-recorded dementia: retrospective cohort study of routine electronic medical records. BMJ Open 2019;9:e027569. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027569.Itani T, Martin R, Rai D, This article was previously published with an error.Amy Taylor's MRC Funding (Grant Number: MC_UU_12013/6) is not acknowledged."}
{"text": "The correct name is Lawrence C. Brody. The correct citation is: Khoury MJ, Feero WG, Chambers DA, Brody LC, Aziz N, Green RC, et al. (2018) A collaborative translational research framework for evaluating and implementing the appropriate use of human genome sequencing to improve health. PLoS Med 15(8): e1002631."}
{"text": "GigaScience, Volume 7, Issue 4, 1 April 2018, giy014, https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giy014.Georgios A Pavlopoulos, Panagiota I Kontou, Athanasia Pavlopoulou, Costas Bouyioukos, Evripides Markou, Pantelis G Bagos et al. Bipartite graphs in systems biology and medicine: a survey of methods and applications. GigaScience, 2018, 7:4, to address several issues in the published version.The authors have revised the review article Pavlopoulos, GA, The backbone of bipartite projections: Inferring relationships from co-authorship, co.-sponsorship, co-attendance and other co-behaviors Soc Netw [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2018 Dec 17]; 39:84\u201397. by Zachary Neal. (Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378873314000343).The authors did not properly cite information throughout the original version. In particular, they borrowed text in the \u201cProjection\u201d section without sufficient attribution from the article: Sigara striata, in freshwater food webs. Peer J 2014;2: e389 has been replaced with Ings TC et al. Ecological networks\u2013beyond food webs. The Journal of animal ecology 2009, 78(1):253\u2013269.In addition, reference #77 was changed. Klecka J, The role of a water bug, PLoS One 2014, 9(10): e110936.Hamaneh MB, Yu YK. Relating diseases by integrating gene associations and information flow through protein interaction network. BMC Bioinformatics 2011, 12 Suppl 2: S2.Lee S, Lee KH, Song M, Lee D: Building the process-drug-side effect network to discover the relationship between biological processes and side effects. Finally, the following two citations have been added, as they were mistakenly deleted during article revision:The order of subsequent references has changed as a result."}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct author name is Sarah Iribarren. The affiliation should read: Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002788The citation should read: Klein K, Bernachea MP, Iribarren S, Gibbons L, Chirico C, Rubinstein F (2019) Evaluation of a social protection policy on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 16(4): e1002788."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Mohammad Khodadadi. The correct citation is: Jacinto MJ, Trabuco JRC, Vu BV, Garvey G, Khodadadi M, Azevedo AM, et al. (2018) Enhancement of lateral flow assay performance by electromagnetic relocation of reporter particles. PLoS ONE 13(1): e0186782."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Claudi L. H. Bockting. The correct citation is: Steenhuis LA, Nauta MH, Bockting CLH, Pijnenborg GHM (2015) Treating Depressive Symptoms in Psychosis: A Network Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Non-Verbal Therapies. PLoS ONE 10(10): e0140637."}
{"text": "Expanding the single-visit approach for cervical cancer prevention: successes and lessons from Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):288\u2013298. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00328Harvey SA. Observe before you leap: why observation provides critical insights for formative research and intervention design that you'll never get from focus groups, Interviews, or KAP Surveys. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):299\u2013316. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00471. (French translation of the abstract added)Koffi TB, Weidert K, Ouro Bitasse E, et al. Engaging men in family planning: perspectives from married men in Lom\u00e9, Togo. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):317\u2013329. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00440Subramanian L, Simon C, Daniel EE. Increasing contraceptive use among young married couples in Bihar, India: evidence from a decade of implementation of the PRACHAR Project. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):330\u2013344. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00290Sarma S, Nemser B, Cole-Lewis H, et al. Effectiveness of SMS technology on timely community health worker follow-up for childhood malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):345\u2013355. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00427Marks KJ, Luthringer CL, Ruth LJ, et al. Review of grain fortification legislation, standards, and monitoring documents. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):356\u2013371. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417. (French translation of the abstract added)Ndiaye K, Portillo E, Ouedraogo D, Mobley A, Babalola S. High-risk advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy: tackling a neglected need through formative research and action. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):372\u2013383. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00318Kheang T, Lin MA, Lwin S, et al. Malaria case detection among mobile populations and migrant workers in Myanmar: comparison of 3 service delivery approaches. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):384\u2013389. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00012Choi Y, Short Fabic M. Monitoring progress in equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of meeting demand for family planning. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):390\u2013401. We have added French translations of the abstracts for a number of articles from the June 2018 issue  in which the content focused on countries where the official language is French. This has affected the page numbering of these and subsequent articles. The new citations are as follows:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Benji E. Alcantar. The correct citation is: Dugovich BS, Crane LL, Alcantar BE, Beechler BR, Dolan BP, Jolles AE (2019) Multiple innate antibacterial immune defense elements are correlated in diverse ungulate species. PLoS ONE 14(11): e0225579."}
{"text": "The correct initials are: Joergensen ASP. The fourth author\u2019s initials are indexed incorrectly in PubMed. The correct initials are: Jepsen FS. The fifth author\u2019s initials are indexed incorrectly in PubMed. The correct initials are: Unger HW. The correct citation is: Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Lund N, Joergensen ASP, Jepsen FS, Unger HW, Mane M, et al. (2018) Stillbirths in urban Guinea-Bissau: A hospital- and community-based study. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0197680. The ninth author\u2019s initials are indexed incorrectly in PubMed. The correct initials are: Benn CS."}
{"text": "AbstractCopelatus Erichson, 1832  of Madagascar is revised in two parts. This review is restricted to the Copelatus species that have fewer than ten elytral + one submarginal stria, including all species except those of the erichsonii species group. Both morphological and molecular  data are used in an integrative taxonomic approach. Thirteen species are recognised, of which five are described as new: Copelatusankaratrasp. nov., Copelatuskelysp. nov., Copelatuspseudostriatussp. nov., Copelatussafiotrasp. nov. and Copelatusvokokasp. nov.Copelatusunguicularis R\u00e9gimbart, 1903 and Copelatusapicalis Fairmaire, 1898 are both transferred to the genus Madaglymbus Shaverdo & Balke, 2008 (comb. nov.). CopelatusmimetesCopelatuspulchellus  (syn. nov.). Copelatusmarginipennis  is reinstated (stat. nov.) as a valid species with Copelatusaldabricus Balfour-Browne, 1950 and Copelatusaldabricusvar.simplex Guignot, 1952 as junior synonyms (syn. nov.). We designate lectotypes for Colymbetesmarginipennis Laporte, 1835 and Copelatusobtusus Boheman, 1848. Copelatusperidinus Guignot, 1955 is recorded for Madagascar for the first time and Copelatusnodieri R\u00e9gimbart, 1895 is rejected as a species present in Madagascar.The genus  Copelatinae of diving beetles is a diverse group of aquatic beetles represented by eight genera: Agaporomorphus Zimmermann, 1921, Aglymbus Sharp, 1880, Capelatus Turner & Bilton, 2015, Copelatus Erichson, 1832, Exocelina Broun, 1886, Lacconectus Motschulsky, 1855, Liopterus Dejean, 1833, and Madaglymbus Shaverdo & Balke, 2008. This subfamily is relatively homogeneous morphologically, and only the single tribe Copelatini is recognised  and one originally mislabelled species removed from the fauna by The subfamily cognised , 2016. Tcognised . After taglymbus , this su species . Rocchi Copelatus species have traditionally been organised in a number of species groups based on the number of elytral and submarginal striae following Copelatinae with mitochondrial CO1 and 16S, found the number of elytral striae to be a highly variable and homplastic character. High variability in number of striae, both intraspecifically and between closely related species, was recently documented in Antillean species , longicornis , irinus , consors  and erichsonii  groups. About half of the described species are members of the erichsonii species group, and the other half of the remaining species groups with fewer striae. In this paper, we will treat the Copelatus species of Madagascar with fewer than 10 elytral and one submarginal stria, i.e., all the non-erichsonii group species. Again, this is a practical rather than a phylogenetic division and in fact Copelatussafiotra sp. nov., described below, we believe is most closely related to the species of the erichsonii group due to the shape of male genitalia.The species that occur in Madagascar fall into five of these species groups: the irinus species group, together with type material and some additional museum accessions. We use both morphological and molecular data with a species delimitation analysis, in an integrative taxonomic approach to the revision. We provide an identification key and for each species a diagnosis, description, known distribution and habitat and ecology notes. Each species is also illustrated with a dorsal habitus photograph, and ventral and lateral views of male penis and parameres.This study is motivated by recent collecting efforts of aquatic beetles in Madagascar 2009\u20132018 in the Water Beetles of Madagascar Project. The project is a collaboration between the Swedish Museum of Natural History and the University of Antananarivo. The current study is based on this rich new material containing five new species of the Copelatus can be found in diverse aquatic habitats, both running (lotic) and standing (lentic) waters. Along forest streams they are best sought for in stagnant parts such as side-pools and rock pools with dead leaves or vegetation or in residual pools in a partly dried out streambed. Leaf-choked forest pools, vegetation-rich edges of ponds and lakes and marshes are also very good habitats for Copelatus. Some species are very good fliers and readily come to light, but the proportion of light catches (using a 22W black-ringlight) in the studied material is relatively small. A surprising number can be found even in minute seeps especially if visited with head lamp at night when they are more active and swim around. Copelatus was sampled mainly using white pans and GB water nets and sieves with various sizes depending on waterbody type. GB water net is often best for larger habitats while sieves were used for sampling smaller habitats like rockpools. Specimens were collected into plastic tubes with 95% ethanol for conservation.New collecting efforts of aquatic beetles were conducted mainly in National Parks, reserves and natural forests but also in degraded forests, open areas and along main roads from all parts of Madagascar, except scant from the very south Fig. . The fieEach locality was given a collecting event code and associated metadata included geographic name(s), forest type, waterbody type, habitat description, eventual disturbance, collecting date and collectors. Altitude, latitude and longitude were recorded with a handheld GPS (Garmin). Each locality was also documented with photographs using compact Canon and Olympus digital cameras.Madagascar is since the 2007 revision of the constitution divided into 22 regions as a first level administrative division, followed by districts as a second level, a recent change from the former six provinces as first level Fig. . StudiedNHRS), Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza/ Madagascar Biodiversity Center (PBZT/MBC) and Department of Entomology, Antananarivo University (DEUA). Some material originated from efforts organised by the Natural History Museum in London (NHMUK) 2004\u20132007.Most of the studied material came from the new fieldwork and is shared between the Swedish Museum of Natural History , Museum of Natural History, London (NHMUK), California Academy of Sciences (CAS), Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (NMW), and National Museum , Prague (NMPC). Studied older types are housed in Paris (MNHN), London (NHMUK), Stockholm (NHRS) and Prague (NMPC), while holotypes of newly decribed species are housed in Stockholm (NHRS).Additional studied material came from earlier expeditions housed at museum collections in NHRS, DEUA & PBZT/MBC\u201d given as depository will also be shared with other central institution collections.Depositories of studied specimens are referred to by above abbreviations . Genitalia were extracted with a fine forceps or pin from the tip of the abdomen and glued onto cards on the same pin as the specimen. Dry-preserved specimens were first relaxed in warm water for 5\u201320 minutes before genitalia were carefully extracted. Photos of habitus were taken with a Canon EOS 5D Mark II DSLR camera equipped with a Canon MP-E 65mm 1\u20135X super macrolens and mounted on a motorised rail (Stackshot) from Cognisys. The system was operated using Canon EOS Utility and Zerene Stacker (Zerene Systems) softwares, the latter also used for stacking the Z-stack of captured images with the PMax or DMap algorithms. Photographs of dry-mounted genitalia were taken with a Canon EOS 7D DSLR camera mounted on a BALPRO 1 Universal bellow from Novoflex with a long working distance 10X Plano apochromatic microscope objective from Mitutoyo. The bellow was mounted on a motorised rail (Stackshot) from Cognisys and operated with the same software given above.In describing the male penis we use the terminology suggested by NHRS\u201d, \u201cBMNH\u201d (=NHMUK) or \u201cCAS\u201d, followed by a number. A series of specimens with consecutive catalogue numbers are given as a range. The following additional abbreviations are used:Label data are given as written and separated by \u201c//\u201d if on separate labels and \u201c|\u201d if on different rows on the same label. Text within square brackets \u201c\u201d are our comments, explications or interpretations. Most examined specimens  have been given unique catalogue numbers and these are listed first, starting with \u201cAlc. in alcohol tube,Ex. exemplars ,GP  male genitalia have been examined,HT Holotype,LT Lectotype,PLT Paralectotype,PT Paratype,ST Syntype,TL Type locality,DNA was extracted from one mesoleg or from soft abdominal tissue retrieved in association with dissection of male genitalia. The leg or soft tissue was incubated in lysis buffer at 56 \u00b0C overnight. Post-incubation protocol followed the cell and tissue DNA kit on a KingFisher Duo Prime. This system provides automated nucleic acid purification at a running time of approx. 25 minutes.cox1)  (CASENT-8135000) and Copelatus sp. female (Andasibe) (NHRS-JLKB000065698), we used the primers Jerry  \u2013 Hal 1450rw ; and Hal 1450fw  \u2013 PatDyt  to amplify the same segment but in two shorter sections  and PatDyt  to amplify an 825 bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI or cox1) . For twosections . The PCRSuccessful PCR products were purified using EXOSAP Clean-up mix of two enzymes  and run in a PCR machine with the programme 37 \u00b0C for 30 min followed by 80 \u00b0C for 15 min and finally 12 \u00b0C (\u221e). PCR products were sent to Macrogen for sequencing.Copelatus from MK878825-MK878877 (Table Gene regions were sequenced in both directions and sequence chromatograms were edited with SEQUENCHER version 4.10.1 (Gene Codes Corporation). The contigs were assembled from forward and reverse reads, and primer regions trimmed. New sequence data were then exported in fasta format and aligned together with GenBank sequences of Copelatusbefasicus. We used PARTITIONFINDER Ver. 2.1.1 , the genetree was artificially rooted using r. 2.1.1  to inferr. 2.1.1  to inferth generation, and treeannotator was used to calculate a maximum clade credibility tree with median node heights, removing 10% as burn-in from each run. The GMYC analysis was carried out in R using the SPLITS package  and 447 bp (NHRS-JLKB000065698) respectively and enabled inclusion in the phylogenetic analyses.Our amplification of CO1 was successful for 53 samples which, together with sequences downloaded from GenBank, gave 77 terminals  closest to the morphological delimitations, the Copelatusinsuetus complex was divided into two species, but also the northernmost Copelatussafiotra sp. nov. specimen was separated from geographically more southern populations. The dry-preserved female from Bemaraha (CASENT-8135000) undoubtedly represents a fourth Malagasy species from the Copelatuspulchellus complex. However, the female from Andasibe (NHRS-JLKB000065698) was merged with Copelatusperidinus, despite a genetic distance of approximately 3%, and this is discussed below.The GMYC species delimitation analysis of the strict clock tree resulted in 11 separate evolutionary units that were largely but not entirely consistent with our morphological delimitation Fig. . EspeciaCopelatus species of Madagascar with fewer than ten discal and one submarginal elytral striae. Note that for some species males are necessary.Key to Copelatus species from Madagascar and were listed as such by The following three taxa were described as Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidae0A694D306A4456EB8ADB140766C419B7Copelatussubjectus Sharp, 1882: 568.CopelatusbilunatusTL: Madagascar .Mahajanga. Betsiboka: Maevatanana: -ST \u2642 (GP) : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030208 // Madag. Perrier | // Type [red writing] // Museum Paris | Coll. R\u00e9gimbart | apicalis // Copelatus | apicalis n. sp. //Copelatusapicalis was described by Copelatus and currently placed in the Copelatushydroporoides species group  comb. nov.; in fact Aglymbus \u201cPeut-\u00eatre c\u2019est une Aglymbus?\u201d [Eng. translation \u201cMaybe it is an Aglymbus\u201d], which was correct since this was before Madaglymbus was erected for the Madagascar species of Aglymbus comb. nov.45AB55AB28805B229F01D47FDED687E7Copelatusunguicularis R\u00e9gimbart, 1903:19.Madagascar, Suberbieville [= Maevatanana].Mahajanga. Betsiboka: Maevatanana: -HT \u2642 (GP) : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030225 // Suberbieville | Madag. Perier // Type [red label] // MUSEUM PARIS | Coll. Maurice R\u00e9gimbart | 1908 // C. unguicularis | Type // unguicularis R\u00e9g. //Copelatusunguicularis was described by consors species group sensu Copelatusapicalis, it has a stout spine-like setae on a protruding anterodistal corner of protarsomere IV and is not a Copelatus. In addition, the elytral striae are very irregular, more like very elongate and deep strioles and possibly not homologous to the regular impressed striae in Copelatus. We here transfer it to Madaglymbus: Madaglymbusunguicularis  comb. nov.Copelatus species lacking elytral striae, but it is very probably not monophyletic and likely still mixed with some copelatine species that should be transferred to other genera.This group is defined by the lack of elytral striae . It is cTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidaeGuignot, 19550DA77899943B5226BBA57EB36328B122Copelatusbaculiformis Guignot, 1955b: 193.Madagascar, Massif Ankaratra, Manjakatompo, alt. 1700\u20131800 m.based on a single female specimen (holotype), collected December 1951 by R. Benoist.Antananarivo. Vakinankaratra: Ambatolampy: -HT \u2640 (MNHN \u201ccoll. Guignot\u201d): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030226 // Madagascar: Massif An- | karatra 1700/1800 Man- | jakatompo XII-51 Benoist // Type [red label] // Guignot det., 1954 | Copelatus | baculiformis n. sp. | Type \u2640 //Madaglymbus. The absence of deep impressed elytral striae  separates this species from all other Copelatus of Madagascar except Copelatusperidinus, a larger species (5.7\u20136.6 mm).Small size (4 mm). Elytra uniformly dark brown ferrugineous, without a basal testaceous area Fig.  which se(based on holotype \u2640):Body length 4 mm. Body shape elongate oval and dark brown to blackish ferrugineous. Head uniformly dark brown ferrugineous to slightly darker posteriorly inside eyes, with thin sparse punctation. Pronotum dark brown ferrugineous, same colour medially and laterally but darker along anterior and posterior third. Disc of pronotum less densely punctuated, posterolateral corners with dense superficial strioles. The entire dorsal surface covered with a microsculpture. Elytra uniformly coloured in same dark brown to blackish ferrugineous colour as anterior and posterior parts of pronotum Fig. . ImpressVentral side testaceous to weakly infuscated. Prosternal process carinate also onto apical process. Lateral parts of metaventrite  rather broad. Metacoxal lines anteriorly diverging and abbreviated before metaventral margin. Metacoxa with fine and long longitudinal strioles, continuing onto abdominal ventrites, and with 6\u20137 transverse \u201cwrinkles\u201d anterolaterally.Male: unknown.Madagascar, central highlands, only known from type locality Manjakatompo, Ankaratra Massif Fig. .Unknown, but according to original description collected at at an altitude of 1700\u20131800 m. See hydroporoides species group of Copelatus, but two other Malagasy species placed in this group have turned out to be misidentified Madaglymbus or Exocelina (see above). Copelatusbaculiformis was described by Guignot the same year (1955) that he described C.bilunatus, considered mislabeled , Manjakatompo , 1700\u20131800 m , XII-51 (collecting month and year), and R. Benoist (collector), speaking against such a mistake. Based on general external morphology, body shape and lack of striae the species resembles C.peridinus. It is much smaller and therefore likely not conspecific, but they could be closely related, as well as with the female sequenced from Andasibe (NHRS-JLKB000065698).No other specimen than the female holotype is known of this species and it is a bit of a \u201cmystery species\u201d. We have conducted fieldwork at the type locality Manjakatompo multiple times  but never found any specimens resembling this species. The species belongs in the slabeled  from theTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidaeGuignot, 195525AF5D96C7285A06B37C8F9CC93796E0Copelatusperidinus Guignot, 1955c: 188.CopelatusseydeliTL: Elisabethville, Zaire . Guignot, 1958: 107; Elisabethville, Zaire .PT \u2640 : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030317 // Allotype [red label] // [female symbol] // Elisabethville | XI. 1951 // Copelatus | peridinus | Allotype \u2640 //-GP) : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030318 // Congo Belge Lac | Edouard: Vitshumbi | U.V. 27.XI.1953 | 3091 // Antananarivo. Analamanga: Antananarivo: -3\u2642(GP), 3\u2640 : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030319\u201324 // MADAGASCAR | TANANARIVE | BETONGOLO | 2 XII 1946 // Pi\u00e8ge | lumineux // Museum Paris | 1983 | Coll. Cl. Legros // Toamasina. Alaotra Mangoro: Moramanga: -1\u2642(GP), 2\u2640 : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030316, 30325\u20136 // Madagascar Est | P.K.57-Rte d\u2019Anosibe | Moramanga | II.58 R. Vieu // -1\u2642(GP), 1\u2640 : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030327, 30328 // Madagascar | Lokato, near | Andasibe Mantadia NP | M. Tryzna leg., 9\u201310.i.2007 // coll. Jiri H\u00c1JEK | National Museum | Prague, Czech Republic // [\u201cLokato near Andasibe Mantadia NP\u201d interpreted as the bifurcation of the road to Lakato which is near Andasibe Mantadia NP. Lakato itself is not near Andasibe Mantadia NP.] -2\u2642(GP), 1\u2640, 1\u2640, 1\u2642  (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010887, 65737, 65703, 10888(Alc.) // MAD: TOAM: Alaotra Mangoro: | Andasibe Mantadia NP, Analamazaotra: | 150m E of park entrance: Mad14-14 | shallow partly dried out forest pond: | 18.9355S | 48.4166E: 930m: 27.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja & T. Ranarilalatiana //-1\u2642 at which it curves slightly more abruptly creating two gentle angles  indicate. In Madagascar, only know from the eastern central parts: Betongolo (Antananarivo), the Analamazaotra NP, and P.K.57 Route d\u2019Anosibe [RN23] Fig. .A series of six specimens collected with light trap (\u201cpi\u00e8ge lumineux\u201d) in the capital Antananarivo 1946, indicates flight capacity and anthropogenically disturbed habitats. All records from DR Congo are also from light trap catches . We collThis species was described from Lubumbashi, DR Congo, and has not been recorded from Madagascar before. Earliest record found is from November 1946. It seems to be a dispersive good flier and often collected at light so its presence in Madagascar is therefore not surprising. However, it is not widespread in Madagascar as far as we know. In fact, the known distribution is restricted to the surroundings of the capital and east of the capital along the main national route towards Toamasina, which could suggest a recent incidental human-mediated introduction from mainland Africa.Copelatus sp. 2 below).Note that it may be that this is a species with intraspecific variation with regards to elytral striation, ranging from five puncture lines out of which two are more distinct, to five weakly impressed striae : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030021 // Morondava | f\u00f4ret sud | de Befasy | I-56 R.P // Type [red label] // INSTITUT | SCIENTIFIQUE | MADAGASCAR // Guignot det., 1956 | Copelatus | befasicus n. sp. | Type // -2PT \u2640 : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030300-1// Morondava | f\u00f4ret sud | de Befasy // I-56 R.P // Paratype [red label] // [female symbol] //Mahajanga. Melaky: Morafenobe: -1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010860 (JB204) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Melaky | Btw. Morafenobe\u2013Ambohijanahary | S18.19091; E045.19986, 290 m.a.o | 19.XII.2009 Water Net, Field# MAD09-74 | Leg: J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, T. | Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja //C.insuetus and related species in habitus by being small, elongate, and subparalell, but C.befasicus is distinguished from C.insuetus and from all other Malagasy Copelatus species by the presence of only five elytral striae, and without submarginal striae. In addition, the first stria is shortened, present only in the posterior third .The l striae . There al striae : CopelatTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidaeR\u00e9gimbart, 190348693E4733015386A1417218CDEAFB7ACopelatusdistinguendusCopelatusduodecimstriatus Aub\u00e9 in  R\u00e9gimbart, 1903: 19  and Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.Based on an unknown number of specimens (syntypes) collected by Sikora (Antananarivo) and Perrot (Fianarantsoa).MNHN not studied, as it was out on loan.Type material in Fianarantsoa. Matsiatra Ambony: Ambalavao, Ambohimahasoa, Lalangina: -2\u2640, 1\u2642(GP) (NHMUK): // BMNH-792954\u20136 // MAD: FIAN: Andringitra | Zomandao R.: River edge: Bottle trap | P39EM08: N: -22.1043: E:46.92: 1420 m | 09/V/2006: Leg. Bergsten et al // BMNH (DNA Voucher) // -1\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000010718 // Madagascar: Ambohimahasoa (Fianarantsoa) | RN7 (Km 378) | 16.04.2011: Leg. R. Gerecke (MD211) // spring area with meadow swamps Exp. E: 21\u00b015'41.5\"S, 47\u00b014'10.9\"E, 1500 m // -2\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065754\u20135 // Madagascar Est, 1100\u2013 | 1200m, P.N. Ranomafana // Vohiparara, 21.\u201324.1.1993 | J. Jan\u00e1k lgt // -1\u2642(GP), 1\u2640, 5 ex. (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010618\u20139, 10787(Alc.) // Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Matsiatra | Ambony: Ranomafana NP: | Sahamalaotra 2Km from Vohiparara: | S21.23807, E047.39489, 1140 m.| 01:XI:2011: stamping with sieves: forest | bog in rainforest: Field# MAD11-12 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T. | Ranarilalatiana & | H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2640(Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010830 // MAD: FIAN: Matsiatra Ambony | Ranomafana NP: 450m along | Sahamalaotra trail, left at the first | junction: Mad14-07: forestmarsh: | 21.2382S 49.3947E: 1130 m: 02.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, | T. Ranarilalatiana | & S. Holmgren // -1\u2640 (NHMUK): // BMNH-670601_MSL007 | 06.xii.2004, Ranomafana, | Madagascar: lat - 21.2359 | Lon 47.3963 Coll Balke_M; | Monaghan_M // DNA Voucher | BMNH <670601> | MSL007:E07 // Fianarantsoa. Amoron\u2019i Mania: Ambositra: -3\u2640 (NHMUK): // BMNH-792962\u20134 // Col de Tapias: Rte Tana\u2013Fianarantsoa: Pond | P36C: N: -20.772: E:47.179: 1717 m | 06/V/2006: Leg. Bergsten et al // BMNH (DNA Voucher) // -1\u2640 (NHMUK): // BMNH-792912 // Ambositra: Ankazomivady forest | 01.xii.2005 // BMNH (DNA Voucher) // -9\u2640 (NHMUK), 8 ex. (Alc.) (NHRS): // BMNH-729890, 729893, 729896\u20137, 792976\u201380, 10793(Alc.) // 08.xii.2004, Col de Tapias, | P30MD33: lat -20.238 | Lon 47.1 Coll Balke_M | Monaghan_M // BMNH (DNA Voucher) // Antananarivo. Vakinankaratra: Ambatolampy: -3\u2642(GP), 3\u2640, 10 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010620\u20135, 10786(Alc.) // Madagascar: Antananarivo: | Vakinankaratra: Manjakatompo Stn. | foresti\u00e8re: 500m E Lac Froid by the | road: S19.34485 E047.33381, 1620 m. | 04.XI.2011: GB Nets and sieves: pond | and inlet stream: MAD11-16 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T. | Ranarilalatiana & | H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2642(GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010626 // Madagascar: Antananarivo: | Vakinankaratra: Manjakatompo Stn. | foresti\u00e8re: Analafandriana 500 m S | fish farm by the road: S19.36191 E | 47.31495, 1730 m, 03.XI.2011: GB | Nets: grassy pond: Field# MAD11-14 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T. | Ranarilalatiana & | H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2642(GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010660 // Madagascar: Ambatolampy: Manjaka- | tompo Ankaratra Reserve: MAD16-03: | \u201cLac froid\u201d: S-19.34292; E047.33893; | 1651 m: lake with grass at margins: | 03/02/2016 Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // -4\u2642(GP), 4\u2640, 5 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010662\u20139, 10791(Alc.) // Madagascar: Ambatolampy: Manjaka- | tompo Ankaratra Reserve: MAD16-46: | \u201cLac froid\u201d: S-19.34292; E047.33893; | 1651 m: lake with grass at margins: | 17/09/2016 Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2642(GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010661 // Madagascar: Ambatolampy: Manjaka- | tompo Ankaratra Reserve: MAD16-10: | Ankafotra mountain: S-19.33753; | E047.24530; 2466 m: streampools: | 07/02/2016; Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // -4\u2642(GP), 2\u2640, 18 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010670\u20135, 10792(Alc.) // Madagascar: Ambatolampy: Manjaka- | tompo Ankaratra Reserve: MAD16-47: | Ankafotra mountain: S-19.33753; | E047.24530; 2466 m: streampools: | 18/09/2016; Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010832 // Madagascar: Antananarivo: | Vakinankaratra: Manjakatompo Stn | foresti\u00e8re: Analamitana: S19.363972 E | 047.299083, 1757 m. 22:I:2012: swamp | near stream: Field# MJK12-02: Leg. T. | Ranarilalatiana & J.H. Randriamihaja // Antananarivo. Analamanga: Anjozorobe, Ankazobe: -1\u2642(GP), 1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010684\u20135 // Madagascar: Anjozorobe: MAD16-36: | Amboasarianala: S-18.45792; E047. | 93438; 1367 m: Ambatovikinina stream: | 04/04/2016; Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2642(GP), 1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010686\u20137 // Madagascar: Anjozorobe: MAD16-43:| Amboasarianala, Antanambe stream: | S-18.4671; E047.93807; 1271 m: Stream | with sidepools: 07/04/2016 | Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // -2\u2642(GP), 2\u2640, 1\u2640(Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010688\u201391, 10790(Alc.) // Madagascar: Anjozorobe: MAD16-44 | Amboasarianala, Mangarivotra stream: | S-18.4676; E047.92535; 1271 m: stream | with bedrock and grass at edge | 07/04/2016; Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // -2 ex. (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010831 // MAD: ANTA: Analamanga: Anjoz | orobe forest reserve: Marsh next | to the stream by Saha forest, 10Km E of Anjozorobe: MAD14- | 78: forestmarsh: 18.4128S | 47.9439E; 1320 m; 23.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // -2\u2642(GP), 2\u2640, 6 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010676\u20139, 10797(Alc.) // Madagascar: Ankazobe: MAD16-24: | Firarazana: S-18.13132; E047.23976; | 1551 m; Lake with grass at margins: | 12/03/2016; Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // -2\u2640, 11 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010680\u20131, 10789(Alc.) // Madagascar: Ankazobe: MAD16-26: | Maharidaza, Large stream by the road to | military camp: S-18.22102; E047.27087; | 1547 m: stream and bog with grass: | 14/03/2016; Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2642(GP), 1\u2640, 7 ex. (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010682\u20133, 10788(Alc.) // Madagascar: Ankazobe: MAD16-29: | Firarazana, SW of Ambohitantely | reserve: S-18.16717; E047.26090; | 1532 m: Bog with grass: 17/03/2016; | Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // -3 ex. (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010829 // MAD: ANTA: Analamanga: Mana- | nkazo river by the bridge of | RN4: Mad14-75: medium size river over bedrock: 18.158S | 47.2104E: 1450 m: 21.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // -14 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010834 // MAD: ANTA: Analamanga: Andra- | nofeno river by the bridge of | RN4, next to Andranofeno Sud | village: Mad14-74: medium size, | slow flowing river: 18.0844S | 47.1776E: 1430 m: 21.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // - 1\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010835 // Madagascar: Ankazobe: TR18L10: | Stream by the bridge S of Ambohitantely | reserve: S-18.2023; E047.2780; 1556 m: | Hygropetric rock and stagnant pools: | 11/04/2018 | Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana -1\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065756 // RM: Betsiboka Bas (PO533) | Andranofeno Sud Riv. | 47\u00b010'46\"E, 18\u00b005'00\"S | 06.11.1995 | Leg. Elouard, J.-M., Oliarinony. R. // Toamasina. Alaotra Mangoro: Ambatondrazaka, Andilamena, Moramanga: -1\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065759 // E-Madagascar (09) Ambaton- | drazaka Region, 5Km N Didy | 1100\u20131200 m. asl. 14\u201316.01.1995 | G. Dunay & J. Jan\u00e1k coll. // -1\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065760 // E-Madagascar (10) | Ambatombe, near Andilamena | 900 m asl. 17.01.1995 | G. Dunay & J. Jan\u00e1k coll. // -1\u2642 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065761 // E-Madagascar (11) Ampamoho | near Andilamena, 1200\u20131300 m. | asl. 18\u201320.01.1995 | G. Dunay & J. Jan\u00e1k coll. // -1\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010627 // MAD: TOAM: Alaotra Mangoro | Betsabora river by RN2 near | Antsapanana village, 6 Km W | of Moramanga: MAD14-81: river | with side pools: 18.9247S | 48.1828E; 900 m; 24.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2642(Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010833 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra | Mangoro: Analamazaotra SR: bog | at S border of reserve: S18.95456 E | 048.44048, 910 m: 09.XI.2011: GB | Nets and sieves: bog with red mud: | Field# MAD11-27 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T. | Ranarilalatiana & | H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2640 (NHMUK): // BMNH-677103 // 11.xii.2004, Andasibe, | Madagascar: P27MD36 | Coll Balke_M; | Monaghan_M // (DNA Voucher) // -1\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065757 // MADAGASCAR (Md-4) | Andasibe, NP Perinet | 1150 m, Pf\u00fctze auf waldwiese | und in Kleinen Bach | 7.12.2000, Leg. W. Dolin // -1\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065758 // E-Madagascar (07) | Andranokobaka, N Moramanga | 800 m. Asl, 13.01.1995 | G. Dunay & J. Jan\u00e1k coll. // Antsiranana. Sava: Andapa: -1\u2642 (GP), 1\u2642 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010827, 10828 (Alc.) // MAD: ANTS: Sava: Anjanaharibe | Sud NP: river Marolakana at the | crossing place: Mad14-64: larger | river with rocks; 14.7623S | 49.4834E: 920 m: 15.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana //Copelatus species. Striae 1, 3, and 5 present only in posterior one third (1) or two thirds ; striae 2, 4, and 6 fragmented anteriorly and, except for stria 4, never reach the base as clearly impressed striae. Penis profile in lateral view is characteristic, resembling a \u201cpumpjack\u201d  that what he had described from Madagascar was not conspecific with Aub\u00e9\u2019s C.duodecimstriatus from the Mascarene islands and he gave it the new name C.distinguendus, referring to his description from 1895. Copelatusduodecimstriatus lacks submarginal striae, has a distinctly different penis shape, and is endemic to Mauritius 0149666EE3E15D2FA4E180FD888742E5AgabuspulchellusCopelatusafricanusTL: Botswana, Lake Ngami; Sharp, 1882: 583; Copelatusbasalis Boheman, 1848: 244; TL: South Africa (Caffraria interiore);  ? CopelatusdiscoideusTL: Mesopotamia; Sharp, 1882: 582; CopelatusobtususTL: South Africa ; Boheman, 1848: 242; CopelatusstrigulosusTL: Mesopotamia; Sharp, 1882: 582; CopelatusmimetesTL: Madagascar, Sakaraha, Lambomakandro; syn. nov. Guignot, 1957: 73; Egypt, Sinai.HT\u2642 (GP) (Copelatus mimetes) : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030032 // Sakaraha | Lambomakandro | III-56 A.R. // Type [red label] // F. Guignot Det., 1956 | Copelatus | mimetes n. sp.| Type \u2642 // INSTITUT SCIENTIFIQUE MADAGASCAR // -LT\u2640 (lectotype here designated) (Copelatus obtusus) (NHRS): // Caffra | ria. // J. Wahlb // Type. // HoloTypus  // obtusus Boh. // Cop. pulchellus var: | obtusus Boh. | J. Balfour-Browne det. // 5657 | E91 // NHRS-JLKB | 000065335 // Lectotype | Copelatus obtusus | Boheman, 1842 | Des. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019// -? ST\u2642  (NHRS): // Caffra | ria. // J Wahlb // Type. // Typus  // 158 | 61 // Copelatus | basalis Bhn. // Copelatus | pulchellus | Klug. | Det. 19.iv.1961 | J. Omer-Cooper. // 5597 | E91 // NHRS-JLKB | 000065337 // -? ST\u2640  (NHRS): // Caffra | ria. // J. Wahlb // Paratypus  // 160 | 61 // 5596 | E91 // NHRS-JLKB | 000065338 // -? ST\u2640  (NHRS): // Caffra | ria. // J. Wahlb // Paratypus  // 159 | 61 // 5595 | E91 // NHRS-JLKB | 000065339 //-Antsiranana. Diana: Antsiranana: -1\u2642(GP) (MNHN): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030259 // Madagascar | Diego-Suarez | Ch. Alluaud 1893 // Mahajanga. Boeny: Mitsinjo: -1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000065733 // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Mahavavy Kinkony RS: S 16.13337 | E 045.95778, 19 m.a.o. 04.XII.2009 | Water Net, Field# MAD09-25 | leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // Mahajanga. Melaky: Antsalova: -1\u2642(GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010695 // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Melaky: | Tsingy de Bemaraha NP: S19.03572 | E044.77507, 66 m.a.o. 15.XII.2009 | Water Net, Field# MAD09-58 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, T. | Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja //C.marginipennis  and C.mahajanga in overall habitus, but body shape more like the elongated shape of C.mahajanga. Copelatuspulchellus on Madagascar is ferrugineous black in overall colouration with or without a rather narrow or vague testaceous band basally on elytra :Body length 5.5\u20136.1 mm. Body shape oblong oval, rather convex and attenuate posteriorly, dark brown to blackish ferrugineous. Head infuscated brown ferrugineous, somewhat lighter posteriorly, covered with dense microreticulation and sparser punctation.Pronotum dark brown to ferrugineous black with testaceous anterolateral corners. Disc covered with fine microsculpture forming regular cells and regularily spread small punctures of about same size as cells. Punctuation becomes coarser in posterolateral corners with a weak tendency to corrugate.th the length of elytra); submarginal stria starting at approx. middle.Elytra predominantely dark brown to ferrugineous black on disc and along striae with or without a rather narrow and vague basal testaceous band Fig. . Outer iC.marginipennis and C.mahajanga. Lateral parts of metaventrite medium broad. Metacoxal lines short and rather strongly diverging anteriorly. Antennae, palps, pro- and mesolegs testaceous, metalegs somewhat darker testaceous.Ventral side ferrugineous dark brown, with testaceous spots laterally on abdominal ventrites. Metacoxa and ventrites with strioles. Prosternal process more elongate lanceolate and with blunter apex compared with Female: elytral striolation limited to the medial parts of the outer three elytral intervals in the single female studied from Madagascar. From other parts of the distribution a female form is known that has the entire elytra striolated .C.marginipennis and C.mahajanga.Male: protibia bisinuate and angled at base, distally expanded. Penis thin, strongly angled at middle in lateral view, and apex somewhat twisted to the left in ventral view Fig. . ParamerC.pulchellus is currently interpreted, this is a very widely distributed Afrotropical and Middle Eastern species. Copelatuspulchellus was not previously recorded from Madagascar following the revision by C.mimetes with C.pulchellus, Madagascar now forms part of the distribution. From Madagascar we have seen specimens from Antsiranana, Mahavavy Kinkony Reserve, Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park (Bekopaka), and from Lambomakandro, Sakaraha  and in a muddy stagnant pool in a dried-out river bed. Both localities are in dry deciduous forests of lowland western Madagascar.Copelatuspulchellus forms part of a diverse species group with many externally very similar species. C.pulchellus.Copelatuspulchellus is now interpreted as a widespread Afrotropical and Middle Eastern species with the male penis similar to that illustrated in Figure C.obtusus Boheman and later as C.africanus Sharp . We have studied the same type material as Omer-Cooper and agree with this conclusion. However, we are not convinced that the material housed at NHRS as these types are the correctly identified types of the name C.basalis. Copelatuspulchellus Klug; 260 \u2013 Copelatusobtusus; 261 \u2013 Copelatusstriatellus; and 262 \u2013 Copelatusbasalis. For C.pulchellus the disc of elytra is described as having six striae. For the longer description of C.obtusus this is further elaborated to detail that there are six discal stria but entire elytra has seven striae \u201cseptem-striata\u201d . This pattern and number of striae is consistent with the Copelatuspulchellus species group. The following species is correctly identified as C.striatellus with nine discal striae, and is clearly stated as such: \u201cdisco striis 9 tenuibus\u201d, of which the innermost is much abbreviated. This description matches very well with the types preserved at NHRS. Finally, C.basalis is described as the last Copelatus species in Boheman\u2019s work and elytra is described as \u201c12-striata\u201d. The supposed types at NHRS for both C.obtusus and C.basalis have six discal and one submarginal striae. The type for C.obtusus matches the original description of \u201cseptem-striata\u201d but the three types of C.basalis with the same number of striae does not match the original description of \u201c12-striata\u201d. It would be very inconsistent of Boheman to describe the total number of striae on one elytron in one case \u201celytra\u2026septem-striata\u201d, and in the other only the discal striae but summing up the number from both elytral halves \u201celytra\u202612-striata\u201d. It would also be very illogical to place C.basalis after the 9-striated C.striatellus if it has the same number of striae as C.pulchellus and C.obtusus, which come first. Similarily, C.basalis and listed the name both under the 12-striated C.mocquerysi R\u00e9gimbart with a question mark, and under C.pulchellus. We consider the status of C.basalis Boheman as uncertain but we have not found any alternative potential type material at NHRS. We designate the single undoubted syntype of C.obtusus Boheman, 1848 in the NHRS collection as lectotype to preserve the stability of the name.Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidaeC9FE8EA486D557DFA5B1A38A9F232743Colymbetesmarginipennis Laporte, 1835: 102.CopelatusaldabricusTL: Seychelles, Aldabra Islands. J. Balfour-Browne, 1950: 368 syn. nov.; Copelatusaldabricusvar.simplexTL: Madagascar.Senegal [possibly mislabelled].aldabricus: based on male (holotype), J.C. Fryer collection, collected 1908-9 from Aldabra; of simplex: based on male and female syntypes from Madagascar without further locality data.housed in Buquet collection and originating from Senegal; of LT\u2642 (lectotype here designated) (Colymbetes marginipennis) (MNHN): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065416 // Copelatus marginipennis Buquet | pulchellus var. Aub\u00e9 | h. in Senegal D. Buquet // D. Sharp | Monogr. // Ex-Musaeo D\u00e9jean // pulchellus // Lectotype | Colymbetes marginipennis | Laporte, 1835 | Des. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019// -HT\u2642  (NHMUK): // Aldabra, 08-9. J.C.F. Fryer // Perey Sladen Trust | expedition. | 1913-170. // Type [red round label] // Copelatus | aldabricus Type | J. Balfour-Browne det. //-Toamasina. Alaotra Mangoro: Andilamena, Moramanga: -1\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000010726 // Madagascar 17.01.1995 | Ambatombe | nr. Andilamena 900 m | leg. Dunay & Jan\u00e1k (10) // -1\u2640 (NHMUK): // BMNH-797894 // MAD: AMPA: Moramanga: Andasibe | Andasibe NP: Big Pond | P61BI15: N: -18.937: E:48.416: 940 m | 06/I/2007: Leg. Isambert et al. // DNA Voucher | BMNH <797894> | MSL294:B10 // -2\u2642 (GP), 15 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010587\u20138, 10799(Alc.) // Madagascar: Tamatave: Alaotra Mangoro: | Analamazaotra RS; Bas fond, non-permanent | pond near trail to \u201clac rouge\u201dMAD15-1| 943 m, 18\u00b056'26.7\"S, 048\u00b025'03.9\"E, 16.III.2015 | Among vegetation and dead leaves in the pond, | Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana & H.J. Randriamihaja // -2\u2642 (GP), 2\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010604\u20135, 10800(Alc.) // Madagascar: Tamatave: Alaotra Mangoro: Mantadia NP. | Non-permanent pond at PK18,50 m; E of Park road | 973 m, 18\u00b046'09.9\"S, 048\u00b026'10.4\"E, 17.III.2015 | Under dead leaves & vegetation at the edge of the pond, | Leg.T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja; MAD15-5 // -1\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010815 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra | Mangoro: RN2, Mangoro river | 10Km W of Moramanga: S18.92438 | E048.18273, 940 m. 06.XI.2011 | GB Nets and sieves: river and | pools: Field# MAD11-21 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T. | Ranarilalatiana & | J.H. Randriamihaja // -1\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010822 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra | Mangoro: Analamazaotra SR: | close to park entrance: S18.9355 E | 048.41656, 970 m: 08.XI.2011: GB | Nets and sieves: dried up forest | pond: Field# MAD11-25 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T. | Ranarilalatiana & | H.J. Randriamihaja // -6 ex. (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010823 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra | Mangoro: by RN2 S border of | Analamazaotra reserve 1Km E | Antsampanana: S18.94987 E048.42331| 980m: 09.XI.2011: GB Nets & sieves | ditch next to road: Field# MAD11-29 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T. | Ranarilalatiana & | J.H. Randriamihaja // Toamasina. Analanjirofo: Maroantsetra: -3\u2642 (GP), 2\u2640 (NHMUK): // BMNH-797906\u201310 // MAD: TOAM: Maroantsetra: Masoala | Masoala NP: Pool | P58BI14: N: -15.758: E: 49.993: 10 m| 17/XI/2006: Leg. Isambert et al. // BMNH (DNA Voucher) // -1\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010794 // MAD: TOAM: Maroantsetra: Masoala | Masoala NP: Pool | P58BI14: N: -15.758: E: 49.993: 10 m| 17/XI/2006: Leg. Isambert et al. // -1\u2642 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000010728 // E-Madagascar: Fenerive | Foret de Tampolo | 28.12.1998 | leg. J. Moravec // -1\u2640(Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000011122 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Analajinrofo: | Masoala NP: degraded lowalt. forest: | MAD18-47: small waterpools on path | ~0.5km NW of Marofototra village, | 15.7606S, 49.9926E, 15 m, 17.II.2018 | Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // Toliara. Menabe: Morondava: -3\u2642 (GP) 2\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010580, 10730 (JB197), 10751, 10802(Alc.) //Madagascar: Toliara: Menabe: | Kirindy RS: S20.07430 | E044.66307, 52 m.a.o. 12.XII.2009 | Water Net, Field# MAD09-46 | Leg: J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, T. | Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // Mahajanga. Boeny: Ambato-Boeny, Mitsinjo: -1\u2642 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010734 (JB201) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Ankarafantsika NP. S16.30350 | E046.81068, 87 m.a.o. 29.XI.2009 | Water Net, Field# MAD09-03 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -6\u2642 (GP), 3\u2640, 11 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010567\u201371, 10729 (JB196), 10732 (JB199), 10742\u20133, 10798(Alc.) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Ankarafantsika NP. S16.30341 | E046.81073, 74 m.a.o. 29.XI.2009 | 22W Black Light, Field# MAD09-07 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2642 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010731 (JB198) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny | Ankarafantsika NP, S16.30270 | E046.80996; 75 m.a.o. 30.XI.2009 | 22W Black light, Field# MAD09-13 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010737 (JB191) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Ankarafantsika NP. S16.31418 | E046.81731, 30.XI.2009 | Hand picking, Field# MAD09-14 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -3\u2640, 1\u2642(GP), 11 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000065749 (JB809), 10738 (JB192), 10744\u20135, 10806(Alc.) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Mahavavy Kinkony RS. S16.14653 | E045.94926, 9 m.a.o. 04.XII.2009 | Water net, Field# MAD09-24 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, T. | Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -2\u2642 (GP), 2\u2640, 18 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010578\u20139, 10739 (JB193), 10746, 10807(Alc.) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Mahavavy Kinkony RS. S16.13337 | E045.95778, 19 m.a.o. 04.XII.2009 | Water net, Field# MAD09-25 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -5\u2642 (GP), 4\u2640, 79 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010572\u20137, 10740 (JB194), 10747\u20138, 10808 (Alc.) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Mahavavy Kinkony RS. S16.05776 | E045.80585, 22 m.a.o. 05.XII.2009 | Water net, Field# MAD09-28 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2642, 1\u2640, 4 ex. (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010735 (JB202), 10749, 10809(Alc.) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Mahavavy Kinkony RS. S16.06651 | E045.77672, 24 m.a.o. 05.XII.2009 | Water net, Field# MAD09-29 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, T. | Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010741(JB189) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny | Mahavavy Kinkony RS, 16.05648S | 045.76371E; 55 m.a.o. 05.XII.2009 | Water net, Field# MAD09-30 | Leg: J. Bergsten, N. Jonsson, T. | Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2642, 6ex. (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010750, 10810(Alc.) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Mahavavy Kinkony RS. S16.01334 | E046.00376, 24 m.a.o. 06.XII.2009 | Water net, Field# MAD09-33 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // Mahajanga. Melaky: Antsalova: -2\u2642 (GP) (CAS): // CASENT-8135015\u20136 // Madagascar: Mahajanga | Prov. Parc National Tsingy | de Bemaraha, 2.5 Km 62\u00b0 ENE | Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa river | elev 100 m: 11\u201315 Nov 2001 // 19\u00b07'56\"S, 44\u00b048'53\"E | Coll: Fisher, Griswold et al. | California Acad. of Sciences | sifted litter - tropical dry forest | on Tsingy, code: BLF4340 // -1\u2642 (GP) (CAS): // CASENT-8131891 // Madagascar: Mahajanga | Prov. Parc National Tsingy | de Bemaraha, 2.5 Km 62\u00b0 ENE | Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa river | elev 100 m: 11\u201315 Nov 2001 // 19\u00b07'56\"S, 44\u00b048'53\"E | Coll: Fisher, Griswold et al. | California Acad. of Sciences | at light- tropical dry forest | on Tsingy, code: BLF4343 // -1\u2642 (GP) (CAS): // CASENT-8135006 // Madagascar Mahajanga | Prov. Foret de Tsimembo | 11.0Km 346\u00b0 NNW Soatana | elev 50 m: 21\u201325 Nov 2001 | 18\u00b059'43\"S, 44\u00b026'37\"E // Coll: Fisher, Griswold et al. | California Acad. of Sciences | sifted litter  | in tropical dry forest | coll. Code: BLF4508 // -1\u2642 (GP), 2\u2640, 3 ex. (Alc.), 2\u2642(Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010581\u20132, 10752, 10803(Alc.), 10821(Alc.)// Madagascar: Mahajanga: Melaky: | Tsingy de Bemaraha NP: S19.03572 | E044.77507, 66 m.a.o. 15.XII.2009 | Water Net, Field# MAD09-58 | Leg: J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, T. | Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -3\u2642 GP, 1\u2640, 5 ex. (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010583\u20134, 10736 (JB203), 10754, 10805(Alc.) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Melaky: | Tsingy de Bemaraha NP: S18.75643 | E044.71398, 119 m.a.o. 17.XII.2009 | Water Net, Field# MAD09-65 | Leg: J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, T. | Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2640, 1\u2642 (GP), 2\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010733 (JB200), 10753, 10804(Alc.) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Melaky: | Tsingy de Bemaraha NP: 19.03419S | 044.77499E, 41 m.a.o. 15.XII.2009 | Water Net, Field# MAD09-59 | Leg: J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, T. | Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // Antsiranana. Diana: Ambanja, Ambilobe, Antsiranana II: -1\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010585 // Madagascar: Antsiranana: Diana: | Ambilomagodra: Stream under the | bridge of the road RN6 in | Ambilomagodra village, S13.00780 | E49.13313, 139 m, 30.XI.2012, GB nets: | dried up stream with some pools in | the village: Field# MAD12-33 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T | Ranarilalatiana & | J.H. Randriamihaja // -1\u2642 (GP), 2\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010586, 10801(Alc.) // Madagascar: Antsiranana: Diana: | Andrafiabe: Antsoha stream | 200m from Andrafiabe, 12.93022S | 49.03466E, 32 m, 01.XII.2012, GB | nets: stream with some pools: | Field# MAD12-39 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T | Ranarilalatiana & | J.H. Randriamihaja // -1\u2642 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000011123 // Madagascar: Antsiranana: Diana: | Antsaba: 1km W of Antsaba, | 13.63474S; 48.72918E, 67 m, | 28.XI.2012, GB nets: forest | stream: Field# MAD12-32 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T | Ranarilalatiana & | J.H. Randriamihaja // -1\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000010725 // MADAGASCAR: Sakaramy |  | lake Farihy Makery | 29.03.2011 | leg. R. Gerecke (MD189) // riparian area near outflow | 12\u00b026'20.5\"S, 49\u00b014'20.0\"E | 377 m. 29.5 \u00b0C // -1\u2642 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000010727 // N. Madagascar | Antseranana distr. | Sambirano riv. | Marovato vill. | 5\u201312.12.01, leg. J. Hor\u00e1k // Antsiranana. Sava: Sambava, Vohemar: -1\u2640 (NHMUK): // BMNH-797876 // MAD: DIEG: Sambava: Marojejy | Marojejy NP: Pool | P57BI31: N: -14.457: E:49.79: 162m | 10/XI/2006; Leg. Isambert et al // DNA Voucher | BMNH <797876> | MSL294:A4 // -1\u2640 (CAS): // CASENT-8135007 // Madagascar Antsiranana | Foret d\u2019Ampondrabe. | 26.3Km 10\u00b0 NNE Daraina | elev 175m: 10 December 2003 // 12\u00b058'12\"S, 049\u00b042'00\"E | California Acad. of Sciences | Coll: B.L.Fisher, sifted | litter  | tropical dry forest, BLF9974 //Copelatusmarginipennis is distinguished from all other Malagasy Copelatus except C.pulchellus and C.mahajanga by the presence of six discal elytral striae and a broadly oval body shape. Copelatusmarginipennis is most easily separated by the distinct shape of the male penis in lateral view  lacks a transverse testaceous band basally on the elytra and females of C.marginipennis can usually be distinguished from C.mahajanga by the normally narrower testaceous band, a longer first elytral stria, and a broader body shape.iew Fig. . Copelatth posterior of elytral base, second to sixth full length, and submarginal stria starting at approx. the middle; all striae approaching the apex of elytron except the sixth, which is abbreviated posteriorly and a little shorter. Sometimes, the first and second elytral striae, like fifth and sixth, unite posteriorly. Elytral surface covered with dense punctures.Body length 5.2\u20136.6 mm. Body shape oval, rather convex and attenuate posteriorly, dark brown to brown ferrugineous. Head, pronotum and elytra in the same dark brown ferrugineous, covered with fine dense punctation. Lateral sides of pronotum more brownish, with short strioles and the widest striolate area in the posterior corners. Elytra dark brown to brown ferrugineous, with a testaceous transverse band at base Fig. . Six cleVentral side brownish to ferrugineous, metacoxa with microsculpture, densely and finely punctate. Metacoxa and abdominal ventrites striolate. Prosternal process rather short and spear-shaped, medially only weakly raised and rounded. Lateral parts of metaventrites rather broad. Metacoxal lines short and rather strongly diverging anteriorly. Antennae and palps both in the same brown colour. Pro- and mesothoracic legs brown ferrugineous. Metathoracic legs dark brown ferrugineous.Male: Protibia strongly angled basally and expanded in apical two thirds. Penis in ventral view with a small preapical tooth on right side; in lateral view very characteristic with a subbasal dorsal knob, and post-middle with a deep ventral invagination Fig. .Females from Madagascar usually with elytral striolation rather weak and restricted to outer intervals, but rarely the elytra are entirely and distincly striolate. Females on average smaller than males.Endemic to the western Indian Ocean islands as far as is modernly known, but the 1835 type locality of the original description and labels read \u201cSenegal\u201d, which indicates either mislabeling or that the species in fact also occurs on continental Africa. Known from Madagascar, Reunion, Comores, Seychelles, and Aldabra Island . WidesprC.mahajanga in Betsabora river near Moramanga and at a 22W black light trap by a forest pool in Ankarafantsika NP.This is a lowland species that seems to be most common in the deciduous western parts of Madagascar. It was common in the newly designated protected areas of Mahavavy Kinkony when we visited it in 2009. In the deciduous forest biome it has been recorded from Kirindy in the south to Ankarana NP in the north. The species seems to be a generalist and can as well show up on lowland humid east coast and at midaltitudes up to at least 1000 m. It is an apt flier collected with light traps and often in very temporary and small shallow pools including water-filled wheel tracks. Found in all kinds of temporary pools, as well as in streams and in residual pools in dried-up riverbeds. It occurred sympatrically with Copelatusaldabricus was described by J. simplex, and again in 1961 as var. aequabilis (non-available infrasubspecific name) from Andranofotsy (E of Maroantsetra NE Madagascar), and stated (1961) that females of C.aldabricus are normally striolated, but that on Madagascar the non-striolated var. aequabilis is most common or even ubiquitous. We have found at least one female on Madagascar  with the elytra entirely striolated  has been treated as a junior synonym of Copelatuspulchellus Klug, 1834 since C.marginipennis in MNHN, Paris. This could be identified based on a folded blue label bearing the information \u201cCopelatusmarginipennis Buquet, pulchellus var Aub\u00e9, h. in Senegal, D. Buquet\u201d, which fits perfectly the description by C.aldabricus and not of C.pulchellus. The name marginipennis has to our knowledge not been used as a valid name after 1899, fulfilling the first of the two criteria for protecting a younger currently used synonym from an older available name (ICZN 23.9.1.1). However, Copelatusaldabricus is a relatively recent name from a region with a low-intensity taxonomic research and we do not believe it fulfils the second criteria of at least 25 papers published by at least ten authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than ten years (ICZN 23.9.1.2). Therefore it is not justifiable to protect the younger synonym C.aldabricus and the older C.marginipennis is therefore brought back as the valid name of this species. We designate the discovered syntype of Colymbetesmarginipennis Laporte, 1835 in the MNHN collection as lectotype to preserve stability of the name. At the same time as this type specimen was discovered, also a likely \u201ctype\u201d specimen of the nomen nudum Copelatusfimbriolatus Dejean, 1837 from \u201cIle de France\u201d [= Mauritius] was found with the same type of blue folded label (see supplementary file 1: NHRS-JLKB000065420). This nomen nudum is currently considered a synonym of C.pulchellus Klug (Nilsson and Hajek 2018). Unfortunately, it is a female specimen, which is why its identity cannot be established with certainty, but it is more likely identical with C.marginipennis since C.pulchellus is not yet known from any of the Mascarene Islands , 3 male and 4 female (paratypes). I. Janis 1\u201310 December 1996. Mahajanga. Boeny: Mahajanga I/Mahajanga II [district cannot be verified based on original description or labels]: -HT\u2642(GP) (NMPC): // MADAGASCAR 1996, Mahajanga Distr., Mahajanga env., Dec. 1\u201310., I. Jani\u0161 leg. // HOLOTYPE, COPELATUS, mahajanga sp. nov., F. Pederzani & J. H\u00e1jek det.2005 //Mahajanga. Boeny: Ambato-Boeny, Mitsinjo, Soalala: -3\u2642 (GP), 1\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000010719\u201322 // RM: Betsiboka Bas (PO124) | Loc. Ambohimanatrika | Kamoro Riv. // 47\u00b010'06\", 16\u00b028'55\" | alt. 40 m 01.04.1993 // Leg. ORSTOM ANTANANARIVO // -1\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010717 // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Ankarafantsika NP. S16.30341 | E046.81073, 74 m.a.o. 29.XI.2009 | 22W Black Light, Field# MAD09-07 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -2\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000065747 (JB802), 65732 // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Mahavavy Kinkony RS. S16.13337 | E045.95778, 19 m.a.o. 04.XII.2009 | Water net, Field# MAD09-25 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -2\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010724 (JB195), 65748 // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Mahavavy Kinkony RS. S16.01334 | E046.00376, 24 m.a.o. 06.XII.2009 | Water net, Field# MAD09-33 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -2\u2642 (GP), 3\u2640 (CAS): // CASENT-8131811\u20135 // Madagascar: Mahajanga | Province, Parc National de | Namoroka 16.9 km 317\u00b0 NW | Vilanandro 12\u201316 Nov 2002 // 16\u00b024'24\"S, 045\u00b018'36\"E // Colls. Fisher, Griswold et al.| California Acad. of Sciences | sifted litter,  in tropical dry forest | elev 100 m code: BLF6582 // -1\u2640 (CAS): // CASENT-8135013 // Madagascar: Mahajanga | Prov. Parc National de | Namoroka 16.9 Km 317\u00b0 NW | Vilanandro elev 100 m | 12\u201316 November 2002 // 16\u00b024'24\"S, 045\u00b018'36\"E | Coll. Fisher, Griswold et al. | California Acad. of Sciences | malaise trap- | tropical dry forest | collection code BLF6581 // -1\u2642 (GP) (CAS): // CASENT-8135001 // Madagascar: Mahajanga | Province Parc National de | Namoroka | 17.8 Km 329\u00b0 WNW Vilanandro | elev 100 m: 08\u201312 Nov 2002 // 16\u00b022'36\"S, 045\u00b019'36\"E | Colls. Fisher, Griswold et al. | California Acad. of Sciences | pitfall trap- in tropical dry forest, | collection code BLF6506 // Mahajanga. Melaky: Antsalova: -1\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010723 (JB190) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Melaky: | Tsingy de Bemaraha NP: S19.03572 | E044.77507, 66 m.a.o. 15.XII.2009 | Water Net, Field# MAD09-58 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, T. | Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // Toamasina. Alaotra Mangoro: Moramanga: -5\u2642 (GP), 3\u2640, 11 ex. (Alc) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010554\u20135, 10596\u2013601, 10795 (Alc.) // MAD: TOAM: Alaotra Mangoro: | Betsabora river by RN2 near | Antasmpanana village, 6Km W | of Moramanga: MAD14-81: river | with side pools: 18.9247S | 48.1828E: 900 m: 24.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // -3\u2642 (GP) 26 ex. (Alc.), 7 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010602\u20133, 10825, 10796(Alc.), 10826(Alc.) // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra | Mangoro: RN2, Betsabora river | 10Km W of Moramanga: S18.92438 | E048.18273, 940 m. 06.XI.2011: | GB Nets and sieves: river and | pools: Field# MAD11-21 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T. | Ranarilalatiana & | H.J. Randriamihaja //C.marginipennis in habitus appearance but body shape more elongate. On average C.mahajanga have a broader transverse testaceous band at base of elytra  and was previously only known from the type series and lowland west type locality \u201cMahajanga env.\u201d without further details. The discovery of the species in Betsabora River at mid-altitude in the east indicates that the species may have a much wider distribution and ecological niche. As the species is very similar to C.marginipennis habitually, it might be misidentified as such in collections if male genitalia were not examined.Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidaeGuignot, 1941573F0C84F70555E7A4F6FC4974616368Copelatusinsuetus Guignot, 1941: 39.Madagascar, Perinet [= Analamazaotra NP].Based on single male specimen (holotype). Madagascar, Perinet.Toamasina. Alaotra Mangoro: Moramanga: -HT\u2642 (GP) : Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030227 // Madagascar | Perinet // Type [red label] // [male symbol] // Copelatus | insuetus | guign. Type //Toamasina. Alaotra Mangoro: Moramanga, Ambatondrazaka, Andilamena: -2\u2640 : Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030228\u20139 // Perinet // INSTITUT | SCIENTIFIQUE | MADAGASCAR // [female symbol] // -5\u2640 (NMW): Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030302\u20136 // Madagascar (Md 4/5) | Andasibe NP, Perinet | 1250 m Pf\u00fctze im Urwald | 5.12.2000, leg. W. Dolin // -1\u2642 : Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030312 // Madagascar 10.1.2007 | Andasibe NP. | Lokato-near Andasibe | Mracek Z. leg. // coll. Jiri H\u00c1JEK | National Museum | Prague, Czech Republic // -1\u2640, 1\u2642 (NMW): Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030307\u20138 // E-Madagascar (10) | Ambatombe near Andilamena | 900 m asl. 17.01.1995 | G. Dunay & J. Jan\u00e1k coll. -1\u2640, 1\u2642 (NMW): Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030309\u201310 // E-Madagascar (11) Ampamoho | near Andilamena, 1200\u20131300 m. | asl. 18\u201320.01.1995 | G. Dunay & J. Jan\u00e1k coll. // -1\u2640 (NMW): Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030311 // Madagascar 18\u201320.1.1995 | 5km S Ampamoho | nr. Andilamena, 950\u20131000 m | Dunay & Jan\u00e1k (11) // -1\u2640 (NHMUK): // BMNH-797884 // MAD: AMPA: Moramanga: Andasibe | Andasibe NP: Chanel| P61BI02: N: -18.935: E:48.418: 944 m | 04/I/2007 Leg. Isambert et al // DNA Voucher | BMNH <797884> | MSL294:A12 // -2\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010692\u20133 // Madagascar: Tamatave: Alaotra Mangoro: | Analamazaotra RS; Bas fond, non-permanent | pond near trail to \u201clac rouge\u201dMAD15-1 | 943 m, 18\u00b056'26.7\"S, 048\u00b025'03.9\"E, 16.III.2015 | Among vegetation and dead leaves in the pond | Leg.T. Ranarilalatiana & H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2640, 2\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000065745, 10783 (Alc.) // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra | Mangoro: Analamazaotra RS: close to | park entrance: 18.93573S; 048.41741E | 930 m. 08.XI.2011 GB Nets and sieves: | stagnant pools in tributary to | Analamazaotra river; Field# MAD11-26 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T. | Ranarilalatiana & | H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2642 (GP), 1\u2640, 3 ex.  (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010839, 65702, 10840 (Alc.) // MAD: TOAM: Alaotra Mangoro | Andasibe Mantadia NP, Analamazaotra | 250m E of park entrance: Mad14-18: | dried up river bed with stagnant pools: | 18.9357S 48.4174E: 930 m: 27.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010841 // MAD: TOAM: Alaotra Mangoro | Andasibe Mantadia NP, Analamazaotra | pond: 100m E from Lac vert: Mad14-15: | shallow forest pool: 18.9385S 48.4219E: | 940 m: 27.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2642 (GP), 1\u2640, 1\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000065705, 65777, 10844(Alc.) // MAD: TOAM: Alaotra Mangoro | Andasibe Mantadia NP, Analamazaotra | 150 m E of park entrance: Mad14-14: | shallow partly dried out forest pond: | 18.9355S 48.4166E: 930 m: 27.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2642 (GP), 34 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010842, 10843(Alc.) // MAD: TOAM: Alaotra Mangoro | Andasibe Mantadia NP, | Mantadia: 12Km N of park | entrance: Mad14-83: | forest pond with some | vegetation: 18.7911S | 48.4259E: 960 m: 28.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // -6\u2642 (GP), 4\u2640, 33 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010534\u20137, 10606\u201311, 10780(Alc.) // MAD: TOAM: Alaotra Mangoro: | Betsabora river by RN2 near | Antasmpanana village, 6Km W | of Moramanga: MAD14-81: river | with side pools: 18.9247S | 48.1828E: 900 m: 24.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2640 (NHMUK): // BMNH-797895 // MAD: TOAM: Ambatondrazaka | Zahamena: Zahamena NP: Stream | P60BI15:N: -17.52: E:48.721: 1075 m| 31:XI:2006: Leg. Isambert et al // DNA Voucher | BMNH <797895> | MSL294:B11 // -4\u2642 (GP), 1\u2640 11 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010817, 10872\u20134, 65700, 10880(Alc.) // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra Mangoro: | Zahamena NP: Sect. Antanandava: | path towards Camp Cascade: S17.5166; | E048.7227; 1040 m. 07.III.2018; GB Nets, | white pan & sieves: Waterfilled goldigging | hole in forestswamp: Field# MAD18-80 | Leg. J. Bergsten, & T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010885 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Ambatondrazaka | Zahamena NP: the way to Camp | Cascade: 19.III.2013, GB Nets & sieves: slow | stream, Leg. J.H. Randriamihaja & | T. Ranarialalatiana: Field# ZAH13-02 // -1\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010881 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra Mangoro: | Zahamena NP: Sect. Antanandava: | Analamaitso forest: S17.5179; E048.7232; | 1050 m. 07.III.2018; GB Nets, white pan & | sieves: small foreststream: Field# MAD18-81 | Leg. J. Bergsten, & T. Ranarilalatiana // -3\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010882 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra Mangoro: | Zahamena NP: Sect. Antanandava: | Ambavahala forest: S17.5300; E048.7161; | 1070 m. 08.III.2018; GB Nets, white pan & | sieves: larger shaded forestswamp: Field# MAD18-90 | Leg. J. Bergsten, & T. Ranarilalatiana // -1\u2642 (GP), 2\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010875, 10883(Alc.) // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra Mangoro: | Zahamena NP: Sect. Antanandava: | Pandanus Swamp: S17.5166; E048.7227; | 1040 m. 08.III.2018; GB Nets, white pan & | sieves: forestswamp: Field# MAD18-91 | Leg. J. Bergsten, & T. Ranarilalatiana -1\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010884 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra Mangoro: | Zahamena NP: Sect. Antanandava: | Analamaitso forest: S17.5225; E048.7250; | 1090 m. 08.III.2018; GB Nets, white pan & | sieves: waterfilled golddigging hole in flat: Field# MAD18-92 | Leg. J. Bergsten, & T. Ranarilalatiana // -2\u2642 (GP), 3\u2640, 6\u2640 (Alc.), 6ex.  (Alc.), : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010816, 10876\u20139, 10886(Alc.), 65753(Alc.) // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra Mangoro: | Zahamena NP: Sect. Antanandava: 150 m | upstream to Camp Cascade: S17.5458; E048.7244; | 1270 m. 10\u201311.III.2018; GB Nets, white pan & | sieves: waterpool with dead leaves: Field# MAD18-109, | Leg. J. Bergsten, & T. Ranarilalatiana // Toamasina. Analanjirofo: Maroantsetra: -1\u2642, 1\u2640 : Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030314-5 // Maroantsetra | Vadon IV.50 // 1/6 //? insuetus | guign. //  Fianarantsoa. Vatovavy Fitovinany: Ifanadiana: -1\u2640 (CAS): // CASENT-8131927 // Madagascar: Province | Fianarantsoa, Parc National | Ranomafana, radio tower | at forest edge, elev 1130 m | 19\u201326 February 2002 // 21\u00b015.05'S, 47\u00b024.43' | coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin\u2019Hala | California Acad. of Sciences | malaise. Mixed tropical | forest MA-02-09B-17 // -1\u2642  : Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030313 // Madagascar 26\u201331.I.2007 | Ranomafana NP | Ranomafana vill. env. | Z. Mracek leg. // coll. Jiri H\u00c1JEK | National Museum | Prague, Czech Republic // Fianarantsoa. Matsiatra Ambony: Lalangina: -1\u2640 (CAS): // CASENT-5004000 // Madagascar, Fianarantsoa | Province, Ranomafana National | Park, Vohiparara village, 1160m | mixed tropical forest | 2\u201322 January 2001 | 21.23906S / 47.38487E | COL-DHK-2001\u2013003 // D.H. & K.M. Kavanagh | R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. Vargas, | R. Ranaivosolo, E.F. Randrianirina, | N. Rasoamanana, T.J. | Ravelomanana and H.C. | Raveloson collectors // -4\u2642 (CAS): // CASENT-5004056, 5004070\u20131, 5004075 // Madagascar, Fianarantsoa | Province, Ranomafana | National Park, Vohiparara | area, 1170m mixed tropical | forest 2\u201322 January 2001 | 21.22644S, 47.36979E, | Stop# DHK-01-004 // D.H. & K.M. Kavanagh | R.L. Brett, E. Elsom, F. | Vargas, R. Ranaivosolo, | E.F. Randrianirina, N. | Rasoamanana, T.J. | Ravelomanana and H.C. | Raveloson collectors // Antsiranana. Diana: Nosy-Be: -1\u2642(GP) (MNHN): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000030230 // Nosy-Be | Sokobe [=Lokobe NP] | V. 57 Hoyt Coll // \u2642 [male symbol] // Mahajanga. Boeny: Ambato-Boeny: -1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010694 (JB206) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Ankarafantsika NP. S16.30341 | E046.81073, 74 m.a.o. 29.XI.2009 | 22W Black Light, Field# MAD09-07 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja // -1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010781 (JB205) // Madagascar: Mahajanga: Boeny: | Ankarafantsika NP. S16.30350 | E046.81068, 87 m.a.o. 29.XI.2009 | Water Net, Field# MAD09-03 | Leg. J. Bergsten, N. J\u00f6nsson, | T. Ranarilalatiana, H.J. Randriamihaja //Copelatusinsuetus can be distinguished from the following species based on the penis ventral outline in lateral view with a distinct \u201cshoulder\u201d  and also spots laterally on abdominal sternites II\u2013VII and along some sternite margins are lighter. Metacoxa and abdominal sternites II\u2013IV marked with strioles. Prosternal process short, broad, with blunt apex. Lateral parts of metaventrite broad. Metacoxal lines long, abbreviated only slightly before metaventral margin, diverging anteriorly.Male: first three pro- and mesotarsomeres widened and ventrally equipped with suction cups; number of suction cups per segment for I\u2013III: 7:4:4 for both pro- and mesotarsus. Protibia modified, narrow with a bisinuate angulate ventral margin at base, broadened distally. Pro- and mesotarsal claws unmodified. Penis in ventral view thin and simple, apical part slightly left-turned. Penis in lateral view angled after basal third forming a \u201cshoulder\u201d. Apex in left lateral view with a characteristic dorsal ridge crossing posterior dorsal margin Fig. . Penis sFemale: anterior half of elytra finely striolated from second or third elytral interval to external margin. Degree of elytral striolation in females quite variable between specimens. These strioles are finer than the strioles on pronotum found in both sexes.NHRS) from Ankarafantsika NP is likely this species.Endemic to Madagascar. Known with certainty from the eastern escarpment, Ranomafana NP in the south, Analamazaotra NP, and Mantadia NP in the central region, and Zahamena NP and Andilamena further north Fig. . We haveWe have collected this species in Analamazaotra NP in stagnant forest pools with vegetation or with plentiful of dead leaves. Also found in a sidepool next to a river in semi-open degraded area near Moramanga. The eastern escarpment localities range in altitude between 900\u20131300 m, but if the localities of Nosy Be and Maroantsetra are correct this species can also occur at lowland sea level altitudes. It seems to be most abundant in tropical eastern forests, but if the Ankarafantsika females belong to this species, then it can also occur in western deciduous forests.C.insuetus should be regarded with caution in light of the habitually very similar new species described below.Eventual older records of Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidaeRanarilalatiana & Bergstensp. nov.9FD551E5A9DF5CB19C529BDE43F5F8D0http://zoobank.org/3AFB0F44-539F-4621-9002-F2E44EEDC73AAmbohidray reserve, Andriambe  .Toamasina. Alaotra Mangoro: Moramanga: -HT\u2642(GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010890 // Madagascar: Moramanga: Ambohidray | reserve: TR18L14: Andriambe stream: | S-18.61317; E48.32593; 1044m: | stagnant pool in pitfall holes: | 23/05/2018; Leg. T. Ranarialalatiana // Holotype | Copelatus kely sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Paratypes: -2\u2642(GP), 3\u2640, 11 ex.  (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010891, 65741\u20134, 10889(Alc.) // Madagascar: Moramanga: Ambohidray | reserve: TR18L14: Andriambe stream: | S-18.61317; E48.32593; 1044m: | stagnant pool in pitfall holes: | 23/05/2018; Leg. T. Ranarialalatiana // Paratype | Copelatus kely sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -2\u2642GP , 2\u2640, 10 ex. (Alc.)  (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010858\u20139, 65738\u20139, 10861(Alc.) // Madagascar: Moramanga: Ambohidray | reserve: TR18L04: Andriambe stream: | S-18.6132; E48.3262; 1044m: | stagnant pool in pitfall holes: | 07/04/2018; Leg. T. Ranarialalatiana & al. // Paratype | Copelatus kely sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -2\u2640 , 5 ex. (Alc.)  (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000065701, 65740, 10862(Alc.) // Madagascar: Moramanga: Ambohidray | reserve: TR18L07: Andriambe stream: | S-18.6131; E48.3257; 1046m: | stagnant pools in path: | 07/04/2018; Leg. T. Ranarialalatiana & al. // Paratype | Copelatus kely sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -1\u2642(GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000065746 // MAD: TOAM: Alaotra Mangoro | Andasibe Mantadia NP, Analamazaotra | 250m E of park entrance: Mad14-18: | dried up river bed with stagnant pools: | 18.9357S; 48.4174E: 930m: 27.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // Paratype | Copelatus kely sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 //C.insuetus but C.kely is smaller than all other species in the Copelatusinsuetus complex on Madagascar; body length 3.8\u20134.4 mm . Protibia modified, bisinuate and angled basally and broadened distally. Pro- and mesotarsal claws unmodified. Penis thin and simple, in ventral view with apical part slightly leftturned; in lateral view slightly angled after basal third giving a suggested \u201cshoulder\u201d . Parameres as in Figure Male: first three pro- and mesotarsomeres widened, but less so than in er\u201d Fig.  but whicFemale: with very weak, faint and dispersed strioles on anterior half of elytra from third or fourth interval to the lateral margin.C.insuetus species complex on Madagascar. It is a non-latinised adjective.The new species is named after the Malagasy word for small, \u201ckely\u201d, referring to the small body size. It is the smallest species so far known from the Known from the eastern central part of Madagascar, at Ambohidray Reserve and in Analamazaotra NP Fig. .Mantella frogs, but we\u2019ve also found it in muddy, stagnant, forest pools with dead leaves. The altitude of known localities ranges from 930 to 1050 m. At Analamazaotra NP, we found one specimen occurring sympatrically with Copelatusinsuetus at the same locality.This species occurs in the eastern central rainforest. Most specimens were collected from small waterfilled pitfalltrap holes for Mantella frog species. Copelatuskely adds to the importance of this reserve for conservation of rare and microendemic eastern rainforest species. Ambohidray reserve was established in 2013 and managed through collaboration between the local people association (VOI MMA) and Antananarivo University. During fieldwork at the reserve in April 2018 however, we observed worrying signs of disturbances; \u201ctavy\u201d or slash and burn of the forest for agriculture, the cutting of woods for charcoal, signs of zebu-cattle along forest paths. These factors could cause a serious threat to the aquatic insect fauna of the reserve. The reserve of Ambohidray harbours some species not known from anywere else on Madagascar. If the reserve has any ambition to serve as a refugium for these species, activities destroying or degrading the forests or aquatic habitats should be avoided. Copelatuskely is very close to C.insuetus, and the two species were not reciprocally monophyletic in the CO1 gene tree  (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010849 // Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Ihorombe: R.S. | Pic d\u2019Ivohibe Corridor: at the confluence of | two rivers Inganga and Anefitany: | S22.456683; E046.956283; 874 m; 09.XII.2013 | GB Nets & sieves: forest pools with dead | leaves, Leg. J.H. Randriamihaja & | T. Ranarialalatiana: Field# MAD13-55 // Holotype | Copelatus vokoka sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Paratypes: -6\u2642 (GP), 2\u2640, 16 ex.  (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010850\u20134, 10857, 65735\u20136, 10855(Alc.) // Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Ihorombe: R.S. | Pic d\u2019Ivohibe Corridor: at the confluence of | two rivers Inganga and Anefitany: | S22.456683; E046.956283; 874 m; 09.XII.2013 | GB Nets & sieves: forest pools with dead | leaves, Leg. J.H. Randriamihaja & | T. Ranarialalatiana: Field# MAD13-55 // Paratype | Copelatus vokoka sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -1\u2642 (GP), 1\u2640, 3\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010512\u20133, 10782(Alc.) // Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Ihorombe: | R.S. Pic d\u2019Ivohibe Corridor: The | confluence of rivers Inganga and | Anefitany: S22.457283; E046.95535; 870 m, | 09.XII.2013, GB Nets & sieves: big | muddy pool, Leg. J.H. Randriamihaja & | T. Ranarialalatiana: Field# MAD13-57 // Paratype | Copelatus vokoka sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Fianarantsoa. Vatovavy Fitovinany: Ifanadiana: -1\u2642 (GP), 4\u2642, 11\u2640 : // Madagascar. Ex-prov. Fiana- | rantsoa. ca. 3.3 km WSW | Ranomafana. 28 XII 2017. | Ramahandrison & Manuel leg. // 21\u00b016'05\"S, 47\u00b025'28\"E Alt. 993 m. | Shallow shaded pond with large | quantity of dead tree leaves and | some Poaceae, in forest. | Ranomafana NP. // Coll. | M. Manuel | Paris // Paratype | Copelatus vokoka sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 //C.insuetus, and eyes smaller. Elytral striae more deeply impressed and intervals therefore slightly more convex . Protibia modified, bisinuate and angled basally and broadened distally. Pro- and mesotarsal claws unmodified. Penis long, thin and simple; apex in ventral view straight and not leftturned; in lateral view rather evenly arched, lacking the distinct \u201cshoulder\u201d characteristic of C.insuetus but with a different type of postmedial and preapical suggested humps in the curvature. Apex in lateral view also broder closer to apex. Apex in left lateral view with a dorsal ridge crossing posterior dorsal margin but at a more acute angle .We collected this species in 2013 from forest pools with dead leaves next to streams at the Ivohibe reserve in pristine humid forest at an altitude of 870 m. The reserve of Pic d\u2019Ivohibe was established in 1964 and is managed through collaboration between Madagascar National Parks, local people associations, and other partners. During our visit in 2013, there were little signs of degradation except at the entrance and at the west edge of the reserve. Local people sometimes take zebu cattle with them on a path through the forest. At a larger scale zebu excrement could influence freshwater quality and species assemblages through eutrophication, but there were no signs of this inside the intact pristine forest. In Ranomafana NP it was collected in a shallow clear-water shaded forest pond with large quantity of dead tree leaves and some Copelatusvokoka sp. nov. falls in the irinus group, based on the number of elytral striae. The new species is most closely related to C.ankaratra according to the mitochondrial gene CO1 and belongs to the C.insuetus species complex on Madagascar.Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidaeRanarilalatiana & Bergstensp. nov.2CC38FF3A07F541E8F8A801E6B92EAB4http://zoobank.org/2E3F790E-F146-4865-8BBE-4B521FF74094Manjakatompo Ankaratra Reserve, Tsiafajavona mountain  Antananarivo. Vakinankaratra: Ambatolampy: -HT\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000065412 // Madagascar: Ambatolampy: Manjaka- | tompo Ankaratra Reserve: MAD16-11: | Tsiafajavona mountain: S-19.35163; | E47.24278; 2597 m: stream near source: | 07/02/2016; Leg. T. Ranarialalatiana // Holotype | Copelatus ankaratra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Paratypes: -12\u2642 GP, 10\u2640, 77 ex. (Alc) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010644\u201359, 10863\u20137, 65704, 10778(Alc.) // Madagascar: Ambatolampy: Manjaka- | tompo Ankaratra Reserve: MAD16-11: | Tsiafajavona mountain: S-19.35163; | E47.24278; 2597 m: stream near source: | 07/02/2016; Leg. T. Ranarialalatiana // Paratype | Copelatus ankaratra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -6\u2642 (GP), 3\u2640, 60 ex. (Alc) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010612\u20137, 65750\u20131, 10870, 10776(Alc.) // Madagascar: Antananarivo: | Vakinankaratra: Manjakatompo Stn | foresti\u00e8re: Anosiarivo: S19.344889 E | 047.304139, 2073 m. 24.I.2012: lake near source | Field# MJK12-13 : Leg. T. | Ranarilalatiana & J.H. Randriamihaja // Paratype | Copelatus ankaratra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -12\u2642 GP, 6\u2640, 115 ex. (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010628\u201343, 10868\u20139, 10777(Alc.) // Madagascar: Ambatolampy: Manjaka- | tompo Ankaratra Reserve: MAD16-08: | Anosiarivo: S-19.34505; E47.30384; | 2062 m: large pond in stream source: | 06/02/2016; Leg. T. Ranarialalatiana // Paratype | Copelatus ankaratra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 //C.insuetus complex. The penis also lacks any apical dorsal ridge crossing dorsal posterior margin in left lateral view and is devoid of any sulcation ventrolaterally other than a faint microsculpture.The best diagnostic character for the species is the angled base of penis in posteroventral view Fig.  which seC.insuetus. All appendages testaceous.Body length 4.4\u20135.2 mm. Body shape very elongate and subparallel. Head infuscated around eyes and medially, testaceous on clypeus and as a posterior band. Pronotum entirely infuscated except lateral margins and especially the anterolateral corners more broadly testaceous. Elytra in same dark brown colour as infuscated parts of head and pronotum, except an irregular basal testaceous band Fig. . Testacerd to 1/2 posterior of base and does not reach apex. Head, pronotum, and elytra microreticulate and finely micropunctate. Posterior third to posterior half of pronotum striolate. Strioles on average coarser than in C.insuetus and in some specimens more extensive onto disc and posteromedially.Elytra with six clearly impressed discal and one submarginal stria. First to fourth elytral striae more or less full length, fifth and sixth striae slightly abbreviated anteriorly; submarginal stria starting 1/3C.insuetus, slightly darker on average so that medial light area around metacoxal lines may be more contrasting. Strioles on metacoxa rather short. Prosternal process more rhomboid and apex more strongly raised medially than in C.insuetus. Lateral parts of metaventrite rather broad. Metacoxal lines long and anteriorly diverging, similar to C.insuetus.Ventral side similar to C.insuetus). Protibia modified, bisinuate, angled basally, and broadened distally. Pro- and mesotarsal claws unmodified. Penis in posteroventral view distinctly angled at base .Known only from a few localities in the Ankaratra Massif Reserve on the central highland plateau of Madagascar Fig. .Copelatusankaratra seems to be a high-altitude alpine species associated with spring water.This new species was collected in the mountains of Ankaratra at altitudes above 2000 m. The first locality, Anosiarivo forest, consisted of water from a source flowing over grass vegetation at an altitude of 2070 m. The second locality, Tsiafajavona Mountain, was a small stream with grass vegetation downstream but very near to the source at an altitude of 2600 m near Ankaratra peak. Copelatusankaratra sp. nov. belongs to the irinus group, based on the number of elytral striae. It belongs to the Copelatusinsuetus species complex radiation on Madagascar and based on its CO1 it is most closely related to C.vokoka from Ivohibe. Notably, both these species have a densely striolated female form. There was a surprisingly large genetic distance (2.3\u20132.5% uncorrected p-distance) between the locality near the peak (2600 m) and the locality in the forested region ca. 5 km away at a lower altitude (2070 m). We find the male genitalia and other characters very similar and treat them here as conspecific.Boophiswilliamsi  and Mantidactyluspauliani Guib\u00e9, 1974 only found in montane streams at elevations above 2000 m.The Ankaratra Massif is an area known for several microendemic species not known from anywhere else on Madagascar. This includes two critically endangered micro-endemic frogs, Manjakatompo forestry station was established in 1923 in the forested part of the mountains to preserve an area of 8320 ha, out of which only 650 ha is natural forest and 2300 ha has been replanted with exotic trees . Even thTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidaeRanarilalatiana & Bergstensp. nov.5433FAE18DE15C1298549264274DB2EFhttp://zoobank.org/576CE645-9356-483E-806F-3030D772B260Tsaratanana reserve, Antetikalambazaha Camp  .Mahajanga. Sofia: Bealanana: -HT\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // BMNH-672729 // HOLOTYPE // Madagascar: Tsaratanana NP | [Antetykalambazaha Camp], 14.1824S, | 48.9448E, 1700 m, 20\u201324.xii.2004 | P32, Leg. Lees_D, Ranaivosolo_R // DNA Voucher | BMNH <672729> | MSL027:A07 // Holotype | Copelatus | pseudostriatus sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Paratypes: -1\u2640 (NHRS): // BMNH-672728 // PARATYPE // Madagascar: Tsaratanana NP | [Antetykalambazaha Camp], 14.1824S, | 48.9448E, 1700 m, 20\u201324.xii.2004 | P32, Leg. Lees_D, Ranaivosolo_R // DNA Voucher | BMNH <672728> | MSL027:A06 // Paratype | Copelatus | pseudostriatus sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -1\u2640 (NHMUK): // BMNH-672727 // PARATYPE // Madagascar: Tsaratanana NP | [Antetykalambazaha Camp], 14.1824S, | 48.9448E, 1700 m, 20\u201324.xii.2004 | P32, Leg. Lees_D, Ranaivosolo_R // DNA Voucher | BMNH <672727> | MSL027:A05 // Paratype | Copelatus | pseudostriatus sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 //Copelatus species from Madagascar; the penis is gently curved from base to apex and parameres are long and thin  and pronotum may have been infuscated medially prior to exposure to lysis buffer. Elytra uniformly testaceous brown with a faint suggestion of a darker transverse field preapically Fig. . Appendath to 1/3rd posterior from the base. Between first and second, and between second and third striae, there are irregular traces of intermediate striae, or \u201cpseudostriae\u201d, extending from just after base until 1/4th from the apex  and striatus (furrowed or striated) and refers to the intermediate non-complete striae in-between the complete continuous striae on the elytra in this species. It is the only species of Copelatus on Madagascar with this characteristic. The word striatus (masculine) is a participle (verb as adjective) in the nominative singular (ICZN 11.9.1.1).The name Endemic to Madagascar, only known from the type series from Tsaratanana Massif Fig. .Not known, but the type series of specimens were collected in 2004 likely from a stream, near Antetikalambazaha Camp at an altitude of 1700 m.Copelatuspseudostriatus sp. nov. is hardly possible: based on the complete striae it would fall in the irinus group, but the incomplete pseudostriae are likely reduced striae of an ancestor with a higher number of complete striae. This is a very distinct species with no recognisable close relatives, either based on genitalia or the CO1 gene. Tsaratanana Massif contains the highest peak in Madagascar at 2876 m and possibly this species is endemic to the Tsaratanana Massif. However, Rhantusmanjakatompo Pederzani & Rocchi, 2009, collected at the same place and time as the type series of C.pseudostriatus, is a species shared between Tsaratanana and Ankaratra Massif in central Madagascar.Species group assignment of Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidaeRanarilalatiana & Bergstensp. nov.851D9EEE861E5E29812C70504B087522http://zoobank.org/137C62A2-22DD-4550-8697-9E81CED4ED45Anjanaharibe Sud reserve,  Antsiranana. Sava: Andapa: -HT\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000065415 // MAD: ANTS: Sava: Anjanaharibe | Sud NP: stream next to Camp | site: Mad14-62: medium size | sandy forest stream: 14.7414S | 49.4975E; 910 m: 14.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // Holotype | Copelatus safiotra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Paratypes: -2\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010785 // MAD: ANTS: Sava: Anjanaharibe | Sud NP: stream next to Camp | site: Mad14-62: medium size | sandy forest stream: 14.7414S | 49.4975E; 910 m: 14.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // Paratype | Copelatus safiotra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -4\u2642 (GP), 1\u2640, 12 ex. (Alc.), 3 ex. (Alc.): : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010506\u20137, 10566, 10595, 65414, 10775(Alc.), 10845(Alc.) // MAD: ANTS: Sava: Anjanaharibe | Sud NP: Camp site: Mad14-70: | forest stream: 14.7414S | 49.4975E; 910 m: 16.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, S. Holmgren, | J.H. Randriamihaja | & T. Ranarilalatiana // Paratype | Copelatus safiotra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Toamasina. Alaotra Mangoro: Ambatondrazaka, Moramanga: -4\u2642 (GP), 29 ex. (Alc.), 6 ex.  (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010818, 10836\u20137, 65413, 10838(Alc.), 65752(Alc.) // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra | Mangoro: Zahamena NP: Sect. | Antanandava: close to Camp Bemoara | S17.5108; E048.7287; 1060 m. 07.III.2018 | GB Nets, white pan and sieves: Waterfilled | goldigging holes: Field# MAD18-87 // Leg. J. Bergsten, & | T. Ranarilalatiana // Paratype | Copelatus safiotra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -1\u2642  (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010871 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra | Mangoro: Zahamena NP: Sect. | Antanandava: Manambato stream by Camp | Cascade: S17.545; E048.7237; 1290 m. 09.III.2018 | GB Nets, white pan and sieves: large | foreststream: Field# MAD18-100 // Leg. J. Bergsten, & | T. Ranarilalatiana // Paratype | Copelatus safiotra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -4\u2642 GP, 2\u2640, 6 ex.  (Alc.) : // NHRS-JLKB | 000010589\u201394, 10774(Alc.) // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra | Mangoro: Mantadia NP: Waterfall | 6km from park entrance: S18.83396 | E048.43777, 1000 m, 11.XI.2011 GB | Nets and sieves: forest stream in | rainforest: Field# MAD11-37 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T | Ranarilalatiana & | J.H. Randriamihaja // Paratype | Copelatus safiotra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -4\u2640 (Alc.) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010784 // Madagascar: Toamasina: Alaotra | Mangoro: Mantadia NP: River | Sahanody 9 km from park entrance: S | 18.80973 E 048.42861, 930 m. 11.XI.2011 | GB Nets and sieves: forest stream in | rainforest: Field# MAD11-34 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T | Ranarilalatiana & | J.H. Randriamihaja // Paratype | Copelatus safiotra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Fianarantsoa. Matsiatra Ambony: Lalangina: -1\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010846 // MAD: FIAN: Matsiatra Ambony | Ranomafana NP: next to Sahamalaotra | trail entrance: Mad14-04: forest stream: | with sandy bottom: 21.2395S 49.3947E: 1130 m: 02.XI.2014 // Leg. J. Bergsten, | T. Ranarilalatiana | & S. Holmgren // Paratype | Copelatus safiotra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Fianarantsoa. Ihorombe: Ihosy: -2\u2642 (GP) (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010847\u20138 // Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Ihorombe: | Isalo NP: 300m into the canyon de | Makis: S22.48665 E45.37966, 700 m | 13.XI.2012, GB nets and sieves: canyon | river with side pools: Leg. R. Bukontaite | & J.H. Randriamihaja: Field# MAD12-03 // Paratype | Copelatus safiotra sp. nov. | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 //C.insuetus on habitus appearance, but sturdier, broader pronotum and head with a much greater interocular distance compared to width of eyes, and subparalell along a longer distance of body with more rapidly attenuating anterior and posterior ends; easily distinguished from all other irinus group species of Madagascar by the penis shape, which is of a type otherwise found in species closely related to Copelatusowas; penis has a large medial expansion in lateral view followed by an apical blade  where dead leaves and debris accumulate. The species has been found at altitudes between 700 and 1300 m but most numerous at elevations above 900 m in primary humid forest. The discovery in Isalo NP, in a sandy river running through a Canyon, indicates that subhumid forests may also be part of the species\u2019 niche.Copelatussafiotra sp. nov. falls in the irinus group, based on the number of elytral striae . However, the genitalia is of a very different type and characteristic of the complex of species close to C.owas in the erichsonii group with ten discal and one submarginal striae. We hypothesize that this species, despite the body shape and number of elytral striae, is not related to the other species treated here, but belongs to the radiation of species around C.owas. This would reinforce the idea that the number of elytral striae is a very homoplastic character and not reliable to create phylogenetically sound groups : sp. 1ea805ca0-ac56-5ec7-aeed-92758eebdba0C.nodieri & C.nodierivar.somalicus for comparison with sp1of ]: -LT\u2640 : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065417 // Haut S\u00e9n\u00e9gal | Khayes | Dr. Nodier | 11\u201312. 1881 // Type [red label] // \u2640 [female symbol] // nodieri // Coll. Guignot // -PLT\u2640 : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065418 // Khayes | H Senegal // Nodieri Reg // Coll. R\u00e9gimbart // -PT\u2640 : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065419 // SOMALIA IT. | Belet Amin. | (Giuba) Apr. 1923 | Patrizi // Paratype [red label] // \u2640 [female symbol] // Museo Civico | di Genova // Copelatus | nodieri | var. \u2640 somalicus | Guign. Paratype // var. somalicus | Det. J. Bergsten, 2011 //[Mahajanga. Melaky: Antsalova: -1\u2640 (CAS): // CASENT 8135000 // Madagascar: Mahajanga | Prov Parc National Tsingy | de Bemaraha, 10.6 km ESE | 123\u00b0 Antsalova, Elev 150 m | 16\u201320 November 2001 // 19\u00b042'34\"S, 44\u00b043'5\"E |coll: Fisher, Griswold et al | California Acad. Of Sciences | sifted litter - tropical dry forest | on Tsingy, BLF4432 // Copelatus sp. nov. | C. pulchellus complex | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 //pulchellus complex. Three species of the pulchellus complex are known from Madagascar, C.pulchellus, C.marginipennis, and C.mahajanga. It is most similar to C.marginipennis based on its very short and broad body shape. However, it differs in being almost entirely black dorsally, only slightly rufous laterally on the elytra, pronotum, and part of head. As such it is most similar in colouration to the dark form of C.pulchellus on Madagascar, but the body is shorter and broader. A second distinguishing characteristic is the very abbreviated first stria, present only in the posterior third, hence abbreviated even more than in C.mahajanga. Finally, this female specimen has fine but dense striolations mediolaterally on the elytra, and is densely punctured in the posterolateral corners of the pronotum  of this female which differed substantially from the three other species in the complex (K2P: 8.2\u201313.6%). DNA matching of the male, once discovered, would be straightforward.It is plausible that it was one or several female specimens of this species that ale Fig. . We consTaxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraDytiscidae(Andasibe and Ranomafana): sp. 20aac52e2-8b52-5955-a42c-c87201c92ee7Toamasina. Alaotra Mangoro: Moramanga: -1\u2640 : // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065698 // Madagascar, E, Andasibe | Analamazoatra Res. | 48\u00b025'12.1\"E /18\u00b056'14.2\"S | 938 m (26) 17.1.2015, | leg. Berger & Dostal // coll. Wewalka // Copelatus | longicornis group? | Det. Wewalka 2017 // Copelatus sp. nov.? | near C. peridinus | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Fianarantsoa. Vatovavy Fitovinany: Ifanadiana: -1\u2640 (NMW): // Data in NHRS | JLKB | 000065762 // RM: Namorona Bas. (PO221) | Loc. 1km de Vohiparara | Aff. de Namorona Riv. | 47\u00b022'43\"E, 21\u00b013'53\"S | Alt. 1200 m; 20.04.1994 | Leg. Elouard, J.-M., Sartori, M. // Copelatus sp. nov.? | near C. peridinus | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 //longicornis species group together with C.befasicus. However, the five striae are likely not homologous as C.befasicus has an abbreviated first stria, whereas the first stria is entirely lacking in this specimen, therby creating an interstriae space double in width compared to the outer intervals. But despite the lack of the first stria, it has five striae on the central and lateral parts of elytra where C.befasicus only has four. In addition, the striae are very faintly impressed, intermediate between real striae and the puncture lines found in C.peridinus. The colouration is uniformly brownish black like in C.peridinus and the body size is also similar. This specimen is possibly a different species compared to all others presented here; however, we cannot rule out that intraspecific variation of C.peridinus ranges from two defined puncture lines to five weakly impressed striae. They are very similar in all other aspects. We managed to sequence a partial fragment of CO1 (447 bp) from the Andasibe specimen (NHRS-JLKB000065698) and this indeed showed that this specimen is closely related to, or possibly conspecific with, C.peridinus. Genetic distance between them was 3.0% (K2P). Such a level of intraspecific variation is not impossible but unlikely given they were from the same locality . Together with the morphological characters we believe this may be a different and distinct species, but we await the discovery of a male before the identity can be established with confidence. The second female from Namorona River near Ranomafana NP (NHRS-JLKB000065762) is substantially larger (6.4 mm) than the female from Andasibe (5.6 mm) but otherwise shares the same characteristics : sp. 370c03b1e-e8d2-5a8f-8f48-8ffe0eb3ceb6Fianarantsoa. Ihorombe: Ivohibe: -3\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010856, 65699, 65734 // Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Ihorombe: R.S. Pic | d\u2019Ivohibe: Andaranovory: close to botanical | transect R.S. Pic d\u2019Ivohibe: S22.47511667 | E046.9559, 1106 m, 10.XII.2013, GB Nets and | sieves: small lake with dead leaves and | vegetation, Leg. J.H. Randriamihaja & | T. Ranarialalatiana: Field# MAD13-61 // Copelatus sp. nov. | C. insuetus complex | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // Toamasina. Atsinanana: Toamasina, Toamasina II: -1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010811 // Madagascar: Toamasina II: Analalava | reserve: MAD17-12: S of nursery plants: | S17.71055; E49.45002; 39 m: Forest | stream with side pools: 09/03/2017; | Leg. T. Ranarilalatiana // Copelatus sp. nov. | C. insuetus complex | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 // -1\u2640 (NHRS): // NHRS-JLKB | 000010779 // Madagascar: Toamasina: | Antsinanana: RN2, 6Km N | Toamasina by bridge: S18.06493 | E049.37856, 0 m. 15.XI.2011, | GB Nets and sieves: river and | sidepool: Field# MAD11-52 // Leg. J. Bergsten, R. | Bukontaite, T | Ranarilalatiana & | J.H. Randriamihaja // Copelatus sp. nov. | C. insuetus complex | Det. Ranarilalatiana | & Bergsten, 2019 //C.insuetus complex , a distance that does not rule out conspecificity as the geographic and altitudinal distance are substantial between these localities , there are currently three endemic genera. Other Dytiscidae genera like Copelatus are not endemic but may still contain endemic species radiations within. Here we have revised the species of Copelatus on Madagascar excluding the erichsonii species groups. We recognise 13 species with names and three additional non-named species based on females. Of the named species nine are endemic to Madagascar, two (C.marginipennis and C.distinguendus) are regional endemics to Madagascar and nearby west Indian Ocean islands, and two (C.pulchellus and C.peridinus) also occur on the African continent. This gives an endemic proportion at species level of approximately 70%, an intermediate level compared to other insect groups on Madagascar , longicornis (1 species), irinus (10 species), and erichsonii (> 20 species) species groups. Copelatusunguicularis of the consors species group turned out to be a species of the genus Madaglymbus. As has been flagged before, these species groups are commonly not monophyletic  mostly occupy open, often anthropogenically disturbed, habitats of the Central Highlands. The C.pulchellus complex , and C.befasicus seem to be most abundant in the dry deciduous western forests, lowlands with open to semiopen landscapes. Finally, some species are specialists like the high altitude crenophile C.ankaratra sp. nov. and the sandy stream specialist C.safiotra sp. nov. Not until we have this knowledge \u2013 what are the species, how can we recognise them, where do they occur and how do they live \u2013 can we attempt to protect them and their habitats in the face of constantly increasing human pressure on the environment."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ariana Paulina-Carabajal. The correct citation is: Paulina-Carabajal A, Sterli J, M\u00fcller J, Hilger A (2013) Neuroanatomy of the Marine Jurassic Turtle Plesiochelys etalloni . PLoS ONE 8(7): e69264."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct affiliation information is given below:1 Department of Surgical Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, Chinahttps://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21195Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:86410-86422."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ghareib W. Ali. The correct citation is: Mahmoud SS, Ibrahim IH, Sallam ASM, Ali GW (2018) Paradox response of cornea to different color intensities of visible light: An experimental study. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0196827."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-017-11728-6, published online 12 September 2017Correction to: This Article contains errors in Reference 17, which was incorrectly given as:Applied Physics Letters101, 203105 (2016).Rodrigues, M. S., Costa, L., Chevrier, J. & Comin, F. Why do atomic force microscopy force curves still exhibit jump to contact? The correct reference is listed below as reference"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ian H. Spicknall. The correct citation is: Bulla I, Spicknall IH, Gromov D, Romero-Severson EO (2018) Sensitivity of joint contagiousness and susceptibility-based dynamic optimal control strategies for HIV prevention. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0204741."}
{"text": "Author Hendrik-Jan Mijderwijk appears incorrectly. The correct citation is: Mijderwijk H, Stolker RJ, Duivenvoorden HJ, Klimek M, Steyerberg EW (2018) Prognostic model for psychological outcomes in ambulatory surgery patients: A prospective study using a structural equation modeling framework. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0193441."}
{"text": "The correct reference is: Patel, N. et al. A dyad of lymphoblastic lysosomal cysteine proteases degrades the antileukemic drug L-asparaginase. J Clin Invest 119, 1964\u20131973,"}
{"text": "PubMed PMID: 12837737.Reference 25 is incorrect. The correct reference is: Casewell M, Friis C, Marco E, McMullin P, Phillips I. The European ban on growth-promoting antibiotics and emerging consequences for human and animal health. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2003;52(2):159\u201361. Epub 2003/07/03. doi:"}
{"text": "Metagenomics in ophthalmology: current findings and future prospectives. BMJ Open Ophth 2019;4:e000248. doi: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000248.Borroni D, Romano V, Kaye SB, The license type for this paper has changed from CC BY-NC to CC BY."}
{"text": "Toxoplasma gondii PH-containing protein-1 (TgPH1) serves as an ectopic reporter of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in mammalian cells. PLoS ONE 13(6): e0198454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198454The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Camilyn Clemenza. The correct citation is: Chintaluri K, Goulden BD, Clemenza C, Saffi G, Miraglia E, Hammond GRV, et al. (2018) The PH domain from the"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-019-40022-w, published online 28 February 2019Correction to: This Article contains errors in Reference 40 which is incorrectly given as:Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. 97, 1646\u20131661 (2007).Palyvos, N., Pantosti, D. & Zabci, C. Paleoseismological evidence of recent earthquakes on the 1967 Mudurnu Valley earthquake segment of the North Anatolian fault. The correct Reference 40 appears below as Reference"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ronan M. Conroy. The correct citation is: Ferris France N, Macdonald SH-F, Conroy RM, Chiroro P, Ni Cheallaigh D, Nyamucheta M, et al. (2019) \u2018We are the change\u2019\u2014An innovative community-based response to address self-stigma: A pilot study focusing on people living with HIV in Zimbabwe. PLoS ONE 14(2): e0210152."}
{"text": "The correct initials are: van Lettow M and van Oosterhout JJ. As a result, the citation in the published article is incorrect. The correct citation is: Thindwa D, Landes M, van Lettow M, Kanyemba A, Nkhoma E, Phiri H, et al. (2019) Pregnancy intention and contraceptive use among HIV-positive Malawian women at 4\u201326 weeks post-partum: A nested cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 14(4): e0215947."}
{"text": "Yoshitaka Fujii. \u00a0The Publisher apologises that the implementation of this retraction was delayed due to an administrative oversight.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X03001590Fujii Y, Tanaka H, Kawasaki T. A randomised, double-blind comparison of granisetron alone and combined with dexamethasone for post-laparoscopic choleystectomy emetic symptoms. Current Therapeutic Research 2003;64:514-21.\u00a0https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X04800018Fujii Y, Tanaka H, Somekawa Y. Treatment of postoperative emetic symptoms with granisetron in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Current Therapeutic Research 2004;65:321-9."}
{"text": "Nucleic Acids Research, 2016, Vol. 44, No. 2, Pages 811\u2013823, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1074The authors Nimmy Mohan and Sudheesh AP have added additional affiliation details:Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India."}
{"text": "BMJ Open 2019;9:e030850. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030850.Mason SJ, Downing A, Wright P, This article was previously published with an error in figures.The correct figures are below:Figure 1: Study data flow for the longitudinal study (workstream 2). NCRAS, National Cancer Registration and Analysis.Figure 2: Study data flow for the cross-sectional study (workstream 3). CRFs, case report forms; PHE, Public Health England; PIS, patient information sheet."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Sathiyamoorthy Ramadass. The correct citation is: Goswami AK, Ramadass S, Kalaivani M, Nongkynrih B, Kant S, Gupta SK (2019) Disability and its association with sociodemographic factors among elderly persons residing in an urban resettlement colony, New Delhi, India. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0222992."}
{"text": "AbstractDryininae  from the Western Palaearctic subregion is presented.A checklist of 20 extant species of  Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) are parasitoids and often also predators of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera)  . The fammiptera) . In the  Western .Dryininae  was published by Dryininae became evident. The objective of this checklist is to ease further studies on Palaearctic dryinids.A review of the Western Palaearctic Dryininae (fossil species are excluded) present in the Western Palaearctic subregion, i.e., according to The present paper treats all extant Dryininae in the Western Palaearctic region were compiled analysing all the available publications, in addition to many unpublished records obtained by identifying material belonging to various institutions.Distributional data of Dryinuscollaris (Linnaeus)), were checked by the authors by examining personally all the specimens. The examined specimens are deposited in the following collections:All the localities cited in this checklist, except that from Belarus cited by AEC Christoph Saure\u2019s collection, Berlin, Germany.AMNHAmerican Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.ASM Alexander Shlyakhtenok\u2019s collection, Minsk, Belarus.BNC Beno\u00eet Nusillard\u2019s collection, Montboucher sur Jabron, France.BWC Bogdan Wi\u015bniowski\u2019s collection, Ojc\u00f3w National Park, Ojc\u00f3w, Poland.CASCalifornia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA.CIRADCentre International de Recherche Agricole pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Montpellier, France.CNCCanadian National Collection of Insects (CNCI), Ottawa, Canada.DEISenckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, M\u00fcncheberg, Germany.DEUW Department of Entomology, University of Wageningen, the Netherlands.DISAFA Dipartimento di Scienze agrarie, forestali e alimentari, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy.DPPZ Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran.ENSAM\u00c9cole National Sup\u00e9rieure Agronomique, Montpellier, France.FBW Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Freiburg, Germany.FSAE Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Agronomiques de l\u2019\u00c9tat, Gembloux, Belgium.GLPC Gianluca Parise\u2019s collection, Carignano, Torino, Italy.GNC G\u00f6ran Nilsson\u2019s collection, c/o Department of Zoophysiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.GPC Guido Pagliano\u2019s collection, Torino, Italy.HMO Hope Museum, Oxford, England, United Kingdom.HTS Hubert Tussac\u2019s collection, Cahors, Lot, France .IGC Ilia Gjonov\u2019s collection, Sofia, Bulgaria.IRSNInstitut Royal de Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium.JBZC Javier Blasco-Zumeta\u2019s collection, Pina de Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain.JTBC John T. Burn\u2019s collection, Sacriston, England, United Kingdom.LOHC Lars Ove Hansen\u2019s collection, Drammen, Norway.MBC Manuel Baena\u2019s collection, Cordoba, Spain.MCNTN Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.MCSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \u201cGiacomo Doria\u201d di Genova, Italy.MCSNVMuseo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, Italy.MHNGMus\u00e9um d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland.MLUHWMartin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.MNCNMMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain.MNHNMus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.MMBMoravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic.MOLC Massimo Olmi\u2019s collection, Viterbo, Italy.MSC Massimiliano Spinola\u2019s collection, c/o Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy.MSCS Martin Schwarz\u2019s collections, c/o Institut f\u00fcr Zoologie, Salzburg, Austria.MSNTCMuseo di Storia naturale e del Territorio, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Calci, Italy.MZUN Museo di Zoologia dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, Napoli, Italy.NHMUKNatural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.NMNH National Museum of Natural History, Budapest, Hungary.NMPCNational Museum , Praha, Czech Republic.NMW Naturhistorischen Museum, Wien, Austria.OLLOber\u00f6sterreichisches Landesmuseum, Linz, Austria.PNL Pierre-Nicolas Libert\u2019s collection, Somme-Leuze, Belgium.RNHL Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands.SVC Simo V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen\u2019s collection, Vantaa, Finland.SZC Pier Luigi Scaramozzino\u2019s collection, Pisa, Italy.USNMNational Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA.VVC Veli Vikberg\u2019s collection, Turenki, Finland.WHC Paul Whitehead\u2019s collection, Moor Leys, England, United Kingdom.YUICYeungnam University Insect Collection, Department of Biology, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan, South Korea.ZIL Zoological Institute, Lund, Sweden.ZMKZoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark.ZMM Zoological Museum of Moscow University, Moscow, Russia.ZMUH Zoological Museum of the University, Helsinki, Finland.RichardsidryinusalbrechtiDryinusalbrechti (Olmi): SPAIN: Canary Islands: Fuerteventura, Las Pe\u00f1itas (MNCNM) (AMNH) (ZMUH) ( (MNCNM) ; Lanzaro) (AMNH) ; Tenerif) (ZMUH) .Distribution: Spain.DryinusbalearicusSPAIN: Balearic Islands: Ibiza, 5 km N San Jos\u00e9  . TUNISIA: Barrage Mell\u00e8gue (MOLC).K, AMNH) . ContineDistribution: Spain, Tunisia.ChelotheliusberlandiDryinusberlandi (Bernard): FRANCE: Var, Fr\u00e9jus, Saint-Rapha\u00ebl beach (MNHN)  (TUNISIA: 10 km N of Jendouba (OLL).h (MNHN) . MOROCCOch (MBC) . TUNISIADistribution: France, Morocco, Tunisia.ParadryinuscanariensisDryinuscanariensis : SPAIN: Canary Islands: Gomera, San Sebastian, Barranco de Marchar (MNCNM) (NHMUK); Hierro, Frontera (MCNTN); La Palma, Monta\u00f1a Brena (OLL); Tenerife, Barranco Santos  (AMNH); Tenerife, La Cuesta (MNCNM) (MNCNM)  (MNCNM); Tenerife, Arico, Monta\u00f1a Atalaya (MNCNM); Tenerife, Bajamar (MNCNM); Tenerife, Las Mercedes (MNCNM); Tenerife, Carretera de San Andres, Jagua (AMNH); Tenerife, Raguo Negro (OLL). EGYPT: Sinai, Saint Catherine area (MOLC). GREECE: Rhodes Island, ridge N of Psinthos (NHMUK). (MNCNM) ; Gomera,, MNCNM) ; Tenerif (MNCNM) ; Tenerif (MNCNM) ; Tenerif, MNCNM) ; TenerifDistribution: Egypt, Greece, Spain.SphexcollarisDryinusformicariusCampylonyxampuliciformisLestodryinusformicarius (Latreille): LestodryinuscorsicaeDryinus (Lestodryinus) formicarius Latreille: Dryinuscollaris (Linnaeus): AUSTRIA: Nieder\u00f6sterreich, Piesting (NMW); Ober\u00f6sterreich, Hinteraigen, E Aibach/Donau, 48\u00b024'N, 13\u00b057'E (OLL); Salzburg, Werfen (RNHL) (OLL); Wien, Dornbach (MNHN)  ; Li\u00e8ge, Fl\u00e9malle-Haute aux Roches (IRSN); Namur, Ave-et-Auffe, Th\u00e9rimont (IRSN); Namur, Somal (PNL). CROATIA: Istra, Opatija (NMNH) (NMNH)  (ENSAM) (CIRAD) (HTS) (FSAE); Haute-Loire, Le Puy (MNHN) (MHNG); H\u00e9rault, Saint-G\u00e9ly-du-Fesc (MNHN) (CIRAD) (MNHN) (MNHN) (DEUW); Rh\u00f4ne, Lyon (MNHN) (MNHN) (MNHN) (MNHN) (MNHN); Vaucluse, near B\u00e9doin (NHMUK). GERMANY: Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Baden, Freiburg i. B., Bechtaler Wald, 48\u00b012'N, 07\u00b042'E (FBW); Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Mooswald-Nord (AEC); Nordrhein \u2013 Westfalen, Aix-la-Chapelle (= Aachen)   (NHMUK) (IRSN); Piemonte, Torino Prov., Rosta (AMNH) (DISAFA) (AMNH) (MOLC) (MONTENEGRO: Herceg Novi (= Castelnuovo di Cattaro) (DEI); Zelenika (NMNH)  (Dryinus (Lestodryinus) formicarius). SLOVAKIA: SW Slovakia, Little Carpathians , near confluence Danube and Morava Rivers, Dev\u00ednska Kobyla Hill . Continental Spain: Alicante Prov., Sierra de Altana (RNHL). SWITZERLAND: Gen\u00e8ve, Peney (MHNG) (MSC) (MHNG); Gen\u00e8ve, Place des Nations (NMNH); Valais, Ch\u00e2teauneuf (MHNG); Ticino, Gandria  (THE NETHERLANDS: Lexmond (RNHL); Neercanne, Cannerbos (RNHL) ; Middlesex, Ruislip, Victoria Road (NHMUK); Surrey, Banstead Downs (NHMUK); Surrey, Shere (JTBC); Worcestershire, Malvern Hills (WHC) (n (RNHL) ; Steiermh (MNHN) . BELARUSki (ASM) . BELGIUMa (NMNH) ; Krapina) (NMNH) . FRANCE:e (MNHN) ; Corse ( (ENSAM) ; Gard, B (CIRAD) ; Haute-GD) (HTS) ; Haute-Gy (MNHN) ; Haute-Sc (MNHN) ; H\u00e9rault (CIRAD) ; H\u00e9rault) (MNHN) ; Landes,) (MNHN) ; Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9en (MNHN) ; Sa\u00f4ne-e) (MNHN) ; Var, Hy) (MNHN) ; Var, To) (MNHN) ; Var, Sa Aachen) . HUNGARYH, AMNH) . ITALY: , Napoli ; Emilia i (AMNH) ; Liguria (NHMUK) ; Piemonta (AMNH) ; Piemont(DISAFA) ; Puglia,(DISAFA) ; Sicilia) (AMNH) ; Toscana) (AMNH) ; Toscana) (MOLC) ; Trentin) (MOLC) . MONTENEa (NMNH) . POLAND:yla Hill . SPAIN: y (MHNG) ; Gen\u00e8ve G) (MSC) ; Gen\u00e8ve,H, AMNH) . THE NETs (RNHL) . TURKMENMENISTAN . UNITED y, Shere ; Surrey,y, Shere ; West Kels (WHC) .Distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, in addition to Turkmenistan .DryinuscorsicusMesodryinuscorsicus : MesodryinusescorialensisRichardsidryinuscorsicus : CYPRUS: Limassol (NHMUK) ; Aude, Brouilla (BNC); Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne, Aix-en-Provence (NHMUK) (NMNH) (HTS); Dr\u00f4me, M\u00e9vouillon (BNC); Dr\u00f4me, S.te Jalle (RNHL); Dr\u00f4me, S\u00e9deron, Col de l\u2019Homme mort (AMNH); Dr\u00f4me, Col de Macu\u00e8gne (NHMUK); Gironde, Barsac (HTS) (MNHN) (HTS) (HTS); H\u00e9rault, La Figar\u00e8de (MNHN) (MNHN) ; Haute-Garonne, Castelmaurou (HTS) (HTS) (HTS); Var, near St. Zacharie (NHMUK); Vaucluse, S\u00e9rignan (MNHN) (BNC). GREECE: Olympia, Ilia (NHMUK) (ZMK). HUNGARY: Somogy county, Kaposv\u00e1r (NMNH) ; Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste Prov., Villa Opicina (DEI) (MCSNV)    (NHMUK) (NHMUK) (MNCNM)  (NHMUK); Castellon, Benicasim (NHMUK); 10 km from Abejar, Soria (RNHL); Alicante, J\u00e1vea (HTS); Zaragoza, Pina de Ebro, Monegros  ( (NHMUK) . FRANCE: (NHMUK) ; Corse, ) (NMNH) ; Dr\u00f4me, ac (HTS) ; H\u00e9rault) (MNHN) ; H\u00e9raultN) (HTS) ; H\u00e9raulte (MNHN) ; H\u00e9rault) (MNHN) ; H\u00e9raultou (HTS) ; Lot, CaS) (HTS) ; Lot, Len (MNHN) ; Vauclus (NHMUK) ; Peloponr (NMNH) . ITALY: na (DEI) ; Emilia  (MCSNV) ; ToscanaE (MOLC) . KAZAKHSak (ZMM) . SPAIN: os (SZC) ; Murcia, (NHMUK) ; Murcia, (NHMUK) ; Madrid, (MNCNM) ; Granada, NHMUK) ; GranadaS, JBZC) .Distribution: Cyprus, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Spain, in addition to Kazakhstan .MesodryinusdayiDryinusdayi (Olmi): GREECE: Thessalia, Kalambaka (NHMUK) ( (NHMUK) .Distribution: Greece.DryinusdelvareiALBANIA: Mirdit\u00eb District, Salit\u00eb (MOLC). ITALY: Toscana, Arezzo Province, Upacchi, 43\u00b030'N, 11\u00b059'E (MSCS); Toscana, Grosseto Prov., Maremma Natural Park, 42\u00b038.44'N, 11\u00b004.42'E (MSNTC) (TURKEY: 18 km NW Korkuteli (AMNH) ( (MSNTC) . TURKEY:i (AMNH) .Distribution. Albania, Italy, Turkey.DryinusgharaeiiIRAN: Ilam Province, Chogasabz Region, Ilam (MOLC) (m (MOLC) .Distribution. Iran.ChelotheliusgrypsDryinusgryps (Reinhard): FRANCE: Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne, Fonscolombe (NHMUK); Dr\u00f4me, Monts\u00e9gur-sur-Lauzon (BNC); Gard, Ussel-Goudargues (AMNH) (HTS) (HTS); Southern France (MNHN)     (MNCNM); Catalu\u00f1a, Tarragona, El Perello (HTS). TURKEY: Konya, Meram (OLL).s (AMNH) ; H\u00e9raultH) (HTS) ; Lot, Cae (MNHN) . ITALY: i (AMNH) ; ToscanaE (MOLC) ; ToscanaE (MOLC) ; TrentinE (MOLC) . SPAIN: os (HTS) ; Madrid,Distribution. France, Italy, Spain, Turkey.AlphadryinusibericusDryinusibericus (Olmi): SPAIN: Murcia, Albacete Prov., near Molinicos, El Pardal (MNHN) (HTS) (l (MNHN) ; GranadaN) (HTS) .Distribution. Spain.RichardsidryinusmaroccanusDryinusmaroccanus (Olmi): ALGERIA: Oran  ; H\u00e9rault, Cazevieille (CIRAD) (MOROCCO: Tangeri (MHNG)   . FRANCE: (CIRAD) . MOROCCOi (MHNG) . SPAIN: o (AMNH) .Distribution. Algeria, France, Morocco, Spain.DryinusnigerMesodryinusniger (Kieffer): MesodryinusbrittanicusALBANIA: Arras, 10 km NW Peshkopi (OLL) (CYPRUS: Cherkes (NHMUK)  (NMPC)  . FRANCE: Haute-Garonne, Castelmaurou  (HTS) (HTS); Vaucluse, Mont Ventoux, Malauc\u00e8ne (MNHN). GERMANY: Rheinland-Pfalz, G\u00f6nnersdorf . ITALY: Campania, Salerno Prov., Vallo della Lucania (MCSNG) (MCSNG) (AMNH) (MOLC). NORWAY: Inner Telemark, Notodden, Lisleherad (LOHC)  (SWEDEN: Sm\u00e5land (ZIL) (CNC) (GNC)  (NHMUK) (NHMUK).pi (OLL) . CYPRUS: (NHMUK) . CZECH Ra (NMPC) ; Orienta) (NMPC) . DENMARKup (ZMK) . FINLANDEurajoki   ; Lot, LaN) (HTS) ; Lot, Canersdorf . GREECE: (MCSNG) ; Liguria (MCSNG) ; Piemont) (AMNH) ; Piemontd (LOHC) . SLOVAKIr (NMPC) . SWEDEN:nd (ZIL) ; V\u00e4rmlanL) (CNC) ; V\u00e4stmanC) (GNC) . THE NET Lexmond ; Gelderl Lexmond . UNITED us (HMO) ; Northan (NHMUK) ; OxfordsDistribution. Albania, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Norway, Slovakia, Sweden, The Netherlands, United Kingdom.DryinussanderiAlphadryinussanderi (Olmi): BULGARIA: Melnik (AMNH) (MMB); Upper Thracian Plain, Besapari hills, Novo selo vill., 42.0974N, 24.4690E (IGC) . FRANCE: Alpes-Maritimes, Moulinet, Sentier Col de Turini-Faysset, 43\u00b058.51'N, 07\u00b024.40'E (CIRAD); Dr\u00f4me, S\u00e9deron, Col de l\u2019Homme mort (AMNH) (HTS)  .k (AMNH) ; Sandans0E (IGC) . CYPRUS:t (AMNH) ; H\u00e9raultH) (HTS) . ITALY: e (AMNH) . RUSSIA:Distribution. Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Italy, Russia.Dryinustamaricicola Rakhshani and Olmi in IRAN: Sistan and Baluchestan Prov., Zabol County, Zabol (MOLC) .Distribution. Iran.DryinustarraconensisDryinusszepligetii Kieffer in Plastodryinusszepligetii (Kieffer): Lestodryinustarraconensis : LestodryinusgregoriLestodryinusbidensDryinusszepligetii Nec Kieffer: BULGARIA: Damianitsa, 8 km S of Sandanski (CAS); Sandanski (= Liljanovo) (MMB); Slnoev Brjag (OLL); Nessebar (AMNH); Mt. Strandzha, Izgrev village, 42\u00b008.41'N, 27\u00b048.37'E (IGC). CROATIA: Dalmatia, Novi (NMNH) ; Moravia, S of Brno, Bratcice, 49\u00b003'N 16\u00b031'E (OLL); Moravia, Havraniky, Znojmo, 48\u00b049'N, 15\u00b059'E (OLL). FRANCE: Alpes de Haute-Provence, Simiane-la-Rotonde (HTS); Aude, Salles d\u2019Aude (NMNH); Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne, Fonscolombe (NHMUK); Gironde, Barsac (HTS) (MNHN) (HTS) (HTS) (HTS); H\u00e9rault, Montpellier (HTS) (NHMUK); Vaucluse, near St. Didier, Grange Neuve (NHMUK); Vaucluse, Les Constants, near B\u00e9doin (NHMUK). GERMANY: Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, M\u00fchlacker-M\u00fchlhausen  (NHMUK) (NHMUK); Chalkidiki Peninsula, Amoliani Island (MCSNG). HUNGARY: Veszpr\u00e9m county, Balatonkenese (NMNH) (AMNH) (NMNH) (AMNH). IRAN: Kerman Prov., Bam County, Sangemes, 28\u00b056'33.44\"N, 58\u00b007'52.36\"E (DPPZ)    ; Emilia Romagna, Parma Prov., Parma (MZUN) (AMNH) (MOLC); Liguria, La Spezia Prov., Vernazza, 44\u00b008.36'N, 09\u00b041.73'E (MOLC); Liguria, Savona Prov., Pietra Ligure (GPC) (MCSNG) (GLPC); Piemonte, Cuneo Prov., Valdieri, Juniperusphoenicea Reserve (AMNH) (AMNH) (MNHN) ; Sardegna, Sassari Prov., Luras (MOLC) (AMNH) (AMNH) (ZMK)  (MOLC) (MOLC) (43\u00b041'N 10\u00b039'E (MOLC) (MOLC)   (AMNH) (MCSNG) (NHMUK) (MONTENEGRO: Sutomore (NMNH) (NHMUK). MOROCCO: High Atlas, 25 km N of Taroudant, Sebt Tafraoute (NHMUK) (new record). POLAND: East bank of Oder River, 10 km N of Cedynia, Bielinek (= Bellinchen)  (BWC). ROMANIA: Transilvania, Nagyenyed (NMNH). RUSSIA: European Russia: Volgograd District . SOUTH KOREA: GB, Gyeongsan-si, Dae-dong, Yeungnam-Univ., 35\u00b058'N 128\u00b047'E (YUIC). SPAIN: Huesca, Torla (NMNH) (NHMUK) (MNCNM); Zaragosa, Pina de Ebro, Monegros (HTS) (NHMUK)  ; Alicante, Calpe (HTS); Almeria, Carboneras (RNHL); Soria, Ucero (RNHL) . TAJIKISTAN: Kulyab obl., 20 km ENE Pyandzh (ZMM) ; Mugla, K\u00f6ycegiz (RNHL); Hakkari, SW of Y\u00fcksekova, Vareg\u00f6s, Sat Dag (RNHL); Pamphylia, W of Alanya (ZMK).i (NMNH) . CZECH Ruzdranyi ; Moraviaac (HTS) ; Loiret,) (MNHN) ; Lot, CaN) (HTS) ; Haute-GS) (HTS) ; H\u00e9raulter (HTS) ; H\u00e9raulta (JTBC) ; Rhodes  (NHMUK) ; Rhodes e (NMNH) ; Crkveni) (AMNH) ; N\u00f3gr\u00e1d ) (NMNH) ; KiskunsE (DPPZ) ; KermansE (DPPZ) . IRAQ: BL, USNM) . ITALY: a (MZUN) ; Calabria (MZUN) ; Lazio, ) (AMNH) ; Lazio, re (GPC) ; Piemont (MCSNG) ; Piemonte (AMNH) ; Cuneo P) (AMNH) ; Torino ) (AMNH) ; Puglia,) (MNHN) ; Puglia,s (MOLC) ; Sicilia) (AMNH) ; Sicilia) (AMNH) ; SiciliaH) (ZMK) ; ToscanaE (MOLC) ; Toscana) (MOLC) ; Toscana) (MOLC) ; ToscanaE (MOLC) ; Toscana) (MOLC) ; ToscanaE (MOLC) ; ToscanaE (MOLC) ; Toscana) (AMNH) ; Umbria, (MCSNG) ; Valle d (NHMUK) . MONTENEe (NMNH) ; near KoW, MNHN) ; Wyzyna,District ; Far Easf Spassk . SLOVAKIa (NMNH) ; Madrid, (NHMUK) ; Madrid,os (HTS) ; Castell (NHMUK) ; Tarrago, NHMUK) ; Granadazh (ZMM) . TURKEY:Distribution. Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Montenegro, Morocco, Poland, Romania, Russia (incl. Far East), Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, in addition to South Korea and Tajikistan .DryinustigaraeUNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi, Sweihan District, Al Ain (CNC) (in (CNC) .Distribution. United Arab Emirates.DryinusturcicusTURKEY: Hakkari District, Hakkari (RNHL) (i (RNHL) .Distribution. Turkey.DryinustussaciFRANCE: Var, Vidauban (MNHN). ITALY: Sardegna, Sassari Prov., Berchidda, 40\u00b047.99'N, 09\u00b008.87'E (MOLC)     (E (MOLC) ; ToscanaE (MOLC) ; ToscanaE (MOLC) . MOROCCOe (MNHN) . SPAIN: NH, MBC) .Distribution. France, Italy, Morocco, Spain.DryinusyemenensisOMAN: Dhofar, Salalah East, Dahariz, 17\u00b001.02'N, 54\u00b009.32'E (MOLC). YEMEN: Al Lahima (MOLC) (MOLC) (MOLC) (a (MOLC) ; 12 km N) (MOLC) ; Al-Kowd) (MOLC) .Distribution. Oman, Yemen.Dryininae of the Western Palaearctic subregion are insufficiently known from many points of view. The 20 listed species are known mainly on the basis of only one sex . Both opposite sexes are known in six species . In three species, the male was associated to the female tentatively, i.e. the association is doubtful . This situation depends on the large morphological differences between female and male, so that the association of the opposite sexes is impossible, if it is not supported by rearings or DNA analysis. However, very few researchers rear dryinids or study their DNA. one sex . In factDryinus species are parasitoids of Fulgoromorpha . Also in this case, the situation depends on the scarcity of rearings.The knowledge is insufficient also in the association of the species to their hosts. romorpha . HoweverD.albrechti ; D.balearicus (Western Mediterranean); D.berlandi (Western Mediterranean); D.canariensis (Mediterranean-Macaronesian); D.collaris (Turan-European); D.corsicus (Turan-European); D.dayi ; D.delvarei (Eastern Mediterranean); D.gharaeii ; D.gryps (Southern European); D.ibericus ; D.maroccanus (Western Mediterranean); D.niger (European); D.sanderi (Turan-European); D.tamaricicola ; D.tarraconensis (Asian-European); D.tigarae ; D.turcicus ; D.tussaci (Western Mediterranean); D.yemenensis . Eight species of the above list are considered endemic provisionally, because dryinids are understudied, so their geographic distribution could be larger.From the biogeographical point of view, according to the categories presented by Dryinus and one species of Pseudodryinus from the Eastern Palaearctic subregion. So the dryinid population of the two subregions has about the same numerical strength. However, the composition is different. Few species are present also in the Western Palaearctic subregion, i.e. D.collaris, D.corsicus, and D.tarraconensis."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Brianna C. Theriault. The correct citation is: Theriault BC, Woo SK, Karimy JK, Keledjian K, Stokum JA, Sarkar A, et al. (2017) Cerebral microbleeds in a neonatal rat model. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0171163."}
{"text": "Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr\u00f8yer 1837), infected Atlantic salmon  are more susceptible to infectious salmon anemia virus. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209178. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209178The third and fourth authors\u2019 names are spelled incorrectly. The correct names are: Jennifer Covello, and Sara L. Purcell. The publisher apologizes for the errors. The correct citation is: Barker SE, Bricknell IR, Covello J, Purcell SL, Fast MD, Wolters W, et al. (2019) Sea lice,"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Geum Joon Cho. The correct citation is: Cho H-W, Ouh Y-T, Lee K-M, Han SW, Lee JK, Cho GJ, et al. (2019) Long-term effect of pregnancy-related factors on the development of endometrial neoplasia: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE 14(3): e0214600."}
{"text": "Carson RC, Juszczak M, Davenport A, Burns A. Is maximum conservative management an equivalent treatment option to dialysis for elderly patients with significant comorbid disease? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;4:1611-9.8. Kee F, Patterson CC, Wilson EA, McConnell JM, Wheeler SM, Watson JD. Stewardship or clinical freedom? Variations in dialysis decision making. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000;15:1647-57.9. Antonelli Incalzi R, Aucella F, Leosco D, Brunori G, Dalmartello M, Paolisso G. Assessing Nephrological Competence among Geriatricians: A Proof of Concept Internet Survey. PLoS One 2015;10:e0141388. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0141388.10. Farrington K, Covic A, Aucella F, Clyne N, de Vos L, Findlay A; ERBP Guideline Development Group. Clinical Practice Guideline on management of older patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3b or higher (eGFR<45 mL/min/1.73 m2). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016;31:ii1-ii66. Erratum in Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017;32:740-1.Should read:7. Carson RC, Juszczak M, Davenport A, Burns A. Is maximum conservative management an equivalent treatment option to dialysis for elderly patients with significant comorbid disease? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;4:1611-9.8. Castro MCM. Reflections on end-of-life dialysis. J Bras Nefrol 2018; 40:232-409. Kee F, Patterson CC, Wilson EA, McConnell JM, Wheeler SM, Watson JD. Stewardship or clinical freedom? Variations in dialysis decision making. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000;15:1647-57.10. Antonelli Incalzi R, Aucella F, Leosco D, Brunori G, Dalmartello M, Paolisso G. Assessing Nephrological Competence among Geriatricians: A Proof of Concept Internet Survey. PLoS One 2015;10:e0141388. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0141388.11. Farrington K, Covic A, Aucella F, Clyne N, de Vos L, Findlay A; ERBP Guideline Development Group. Clinical Practice Guideline on management of older patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3b or higher (eGFR<45 mL/min/1.73 m2). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016;31:ii1-ii66. Erratum in Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017;32:740-1.\"IgA nephropathy in Salvador, Brazil: a more aggressive disease?\" with DOI code number http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2018-00030002 published at Brazilian Journal of Nephrology in 2018:In the article Where it was written:patterns of 32 patients with IgAN in Salvador, Brazil.Should read:7patterns of 32 patients with IgAN in Salvador, Brazil.Where it was written:7 8analyses according to the Oxford classification of IgAN.Should read:8,9analyses according to the Oxford classification of IgAN.Where it was written:6. Soares MF, Caldas ML, Dos-Santos WL, Sementelli A, Furtado P, Araujo S, et al. IgA nephropathy in Brazil: apropos of 600 cases. Springerplus 2015;4:547.7. Kang SH, Choi SR, Park HS, Lee JY, Sun IO, Hwang HS, et al. The Oxford classification as a predictor of prognosis in patients with IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27:252-8.8. Barbour SJ, Espino-Hernandez G, Reich HN, Coppo R, Roberts IS, Feehally J, et al; Oxford Derivation, North American Validation and VALIGA Consortia. The MEST score provides earlier risk prediction in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 2016;89:167-75.Should read:6. Soares MF, Caldas ML, Dos-Santos WL, Sementelli A, Furtado P, Araujo S, et al. IgA nephropathy in Brazil: apropos of 600 cases. Springerplus 2015;4:547.7. Souza BN, Tavares MB, Soares MFS, Santos WLC. IgA Nephropathy in Salvador, Brazil. Clinical and laboratory presentation at diagnosis. J Bras Nefrol 2018;40:241-68. Kang SH, Choi SR, Park HS, Lee JY, Sun IO, Hwang HS, et al. The Oxford classification as a predictor of prognosis in patients with IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27:252-8.9. Barbour SJ, Espino-Hernandez G, Reich HN, Coppo R, Roberts IS, Feehally J, et al; Oxford Derivation, North American Validation and VALIGA Consortia. The MEST score provides earlier risk prediction in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 2016;89:167-75.\"The intricate relationship between gut and kidney\" with DOI code number http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-JBN-2018-00020001 published at Brazilian Journal of Nephrology in 2018:In the article Where it was written:Based on the study conducted by Andrade et al. and in the literature, it seems reasonable to suggest that uremia affects the intestinal epithelium by inducing the inflammatory process and compromising the intercellular junctions. However (...)Should read:8 However (...)Based on the study conducted by Andrade et al. and in the literature, it seems reasonable to suggest that uremia affects the intestinal epithelium by inducing the inflammatory process and compromising the intercellular junctions.Where it was written:7. Andrade LS, Ramos CI, Cuppari L. The cross-talk between the kidney and the gut: implications for chronic kidney disease. Nutrire 2017;42:27. DOI: 10.1186/s41110-017-0054-xShould read:7. Andrade LS, Ramos CI, Cuppari L. The cross-talk between the kidney and the gut: implications for chronic kidney disease. Nutrire 2017;42:27. DOI: 10.1186/s41110-017-0054-x8. Andrade LS, Dalboni MA, Carvalho JTG, Grabulosa CC, Pereira NBF, Aoike DT, Cuppari L. In vitro effect of uremic serum on barrier function and inflammation in human colonocytes. J Bras Nefrol 2018;40:2016-23."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Girma Beressa. The correct citation is: Lencha B, Ameya G, Beressa G, Minda Z, Ganfure G (2019) Intimate partner violence and its associated factors among pregnant women in Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0214962."}
{"text": "The first author\u2019s correct name is: S. Shanmuga Sundar. The ninth author\u2019s correct name is: N. P. Kavitha. The tenth author\u2019s correct name is: N. V. Prabhu. The correct citation is: Shanmuga Sundar S, Kannan N, Sundaravadivel E, Zsolt S, Mukunthan KS, Manokaran J, et al. (2019) Study on the inflammatory response of PMMA/polystyrene/silica nanocomposite membranes for drug delivery and dental applications. PLoS ONE 14(3): e0209948."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct affiliation information is given below:1 Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology - Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Department of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain27074-27086. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.25478Original article: Oncotarget. 2018; 9:"}
{"text": "Developing process measures in value-based healthcare: the case of aortic valve disease. BMJ Open Quality 2019;8:e000716. doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000716.Akmaz B, Zipfel N, Bal RA, The license type of the paper has changed from CC-BY-NC to CC BY."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Shiro Hayashi. The correct citation is: Hayashi S, Nishida T, Matsubara T, Osugi N, Sugimoto A, Takahashi K, et al. (2018) Radiation exposure dose and influencing factors during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. PLoS ONE 13(11): e0207539."}
{"text": "J. R. Soc. Interface15, 20180035 (Published Online 18 July 2018) (doi:10.1098/rsif.2018.0035)With apologies, an incorrect author list was given in the article. An additional author, Chris von Rueden,  also contributed to this work. Author Ryan Schacht's affiliation was out-of-date. His correct affiliation is: Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University."}
{"text": "Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0209357. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209357The second author's initials appear incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Chakraborty S, von Mentzer A, Begum YA, Manzur M, Hasan M, Ghosh AN, et al. (2018) Phenotypic and genomic analyses of bacteriophages targeting environmental and clinical CS3-expressing enterotoxigenic"}
{"text": "There are numerous errors in the Reference section, which were introduced by the PLOS production team. Specifically, there are errors in the formatting and spacing of the journal names contained within the references. The publisher apologizes for the errors. The corrected reference list can be found here:Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Bruenn, Bd IV Abhandlungen:3\u2013471. Mendel G (1865) Versuche ueber Pflanzenhybriden J. Exp. Med. 79:137\u201358 [PMID: 19871359]2. Avery OT, Macleod CM & McCarty M (1944) Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: induction of transformation by a deoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type iii Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 18:123\u201331 [PMID: 13168976]3. Watson JD & Crick FH (1953) The structure of DNA Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 44:671\u201382 [PMID: 16590258]4. Meselson M & Stahl FW (1958) The replication of DNA in Escherichia coli Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 23:9\u201312 [PMID: 13635537]5. Meselson M & Stahl FW (1958) The replication of DNA J. Biol. Chem. 233:163\u201370 [PMID: 13563462]6. Lehman IR, Bessman MJ, Simms ES & Kornberg A (1958) Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. I. Preparation of substrates and partial purification of an enzyme from Escherichia coli Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 5:a010108 [PMID: 23818497][DOI]7. O'Donnell M, Langston L & Stillman B (2013) Principles and concepts of DNA replication in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 71:4545\u201359 [PMID: 25238783][DOI]8. Barlow JH & Nussenzweig A (2014) Replication initiation and genome instability: a crossroads for DNA and RNA synthesis Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 5:a012914 [PMID: 23335075][DOI]9. Abbas T, Keaton MA & Dutta A (2013) Genomic instability in cancer Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 5:a012930 [PMID: 23838438][DOI]10. Siddiqui K, On KF & Diffley JF (2013) Regulating DNA replication in eukarya Annu. Rev. Genet. 41:237\u201380 [PMID: 17630848][DOI]11. Sclafani RA & Holzen TM (2007) Cell cycle regulation of DNA replication Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 17:553\u201363 [PMID: 27435505][DOI]12. Garc\u00eda-Muse T & Aguilera A (2016) Transcription-replication conflicts: how they occur and how they are resolved Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 5:a010116 [PMID: 23838439][DOI]13. Leonard AC & M\u00e9chali M (2013) DNA replication origins Cell 161:418-418.e1 [PMID: 25860614][DOI]14. Creager RL, Li Y & MacAlpine DM (2015) SnapShot: Origins of DNA replication Epigenetics 4:362\u20135 [PMID: 19736523]15. Knott SR, Viggiani CJ & Aparicio OM (2009) To promote and protect: coordinating DNA replication and transcription for genome stability Science 272:1030\u20133 [PMID: 8638128]16. Deshpande AM & Newlon CS (1996) DNA replication fork pause sites dependent on transcription Nature 535:178\u201381 [PMID: 27362223][DOI]17. Sankar TS, Wastuwidyaningtyas BD, Dong Y, Lewis SA & Wang JD (2016) The nature of mutations induced by replication\u2013transcription collisions Science 267:1131\u20137 [PMID: 7855590]18. Liu B & Alberts BM (1995) Head-on collision between a DNA replication apparatus and RNA polymerase transcription complex Mol. Cell 34:722\u201334 [PMID: 19560424][DOI]19. Azvolinsky A, Giresi PG, Lieb JD & Zakian VA (2009) Highly transcribed RNA polymerase II genes are impediments to replication fork progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28:329\u20134820. Jacob F, Brenner S & Cuzin F (1963) On the regulation of DNA replication in bacteria Microbiol. Rev. 51:381\u201395 [PMID: 3325793]21. Novick RP (1987) Plasmid incompatibility Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 5:a012922 [PMID: 23471435][DOI]22. Skarstad K & Katayama T (2013) Regulating DNA replication in bacteria Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1042:43\u201359 [PMID: 29357052][DOI]23. Marks AB, Fu H & Aladjem MI (2017) Regulation of Replication Origins Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 52:107\u201344 [PMID: 28094588][DOI]24. Parker MW, Botchan MR & Berger JM (2017) Mechanisms and regulation of DNA replication initiation in eukaryotes Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5:848\u201355 [PMID: 15459665][DOI]25. Gilbert DM (2004) In search of the holy replicator EMBO Rep. 5:686\u201391 [PMID: 15229645][DOI]26. Aladjem MI & Fanning E (2004) The replicon revisited: an old model learns new tricks in metazoan chromosomes EMBO J. 23:897\u2013907 [PMID: 14765124][DOI]27. Remus D, Beall EL & Botchan MR (2004) DNA topology, not DNA sequence, is a critical determinant for Drosophila ORC-DNA binding Genes Dev. 17:1894\u2013908 [PMID: 12897055][DOI]28. Vashee S, Cvetic C, Lu W, Simancek P, Kelly TJ & Walter JC (2003) Sequence-independent DNA binding and replication initiation by the human origin recognition complex Mol. Cell 40:99\u2013111 [PMID: 20932478][DOI]29. Shen Z, Sathyan KM, Geng Y, Zheng R, Chakraborty A, Freeman B, Wang F, Prasanth KV & Prasanth SG (2010) A WD-repeat protein stabilizes ORC binding to chromatin Epigenetics 6:552\u20139 [PMID: 21364325]30. Dorn ES & Cook JG (2011) Nucleosomes in the neighborhood: new roles for chromatin modifications in replication origin control Nat. Rev. Genet. 18:101\u201316 [PMID: 27867195][DOI]31. Aladjem MI & Redon CE (2017) Order from clutter: selective interactions at mammalian replication origins Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.16:360\u201374 [PMID: 25999062][DOI]32. Fragkos M, Ganier O, Coulombe P & M\u00e9chali M (2015) DNA replication origin activation in space and time Genes Dev. 30:1683\u201397 [PMID: 27542827][DOI]33. Prioleau MN & MacAlpine DM (2016) DNA replication origins-where do we begin? Cell Cycle 11:658\u201367 [PMID: 22373526][DOI]34. Cayrou C, Coulombe P, Puy A, Rialle S, Kaplan N, Segal E & M\u00e9chali M (2012) New insights into replication origin characteristics in metazoans Front. Genet. 6:158 [PMID: 25972891][DOI]35. Lombra\u00f1a R, Almeida R, \u00c1lvarez A & G\u00f3mez M (2015) R-loops and initiation of DNA replication in human cells: a missing link? Nat. Commun. 9:2782 [PMID: 30018425][DOI]36. Jang SM, Zhang Y, Utani K, Fu H, Redon CE, Marks AB, Smith OK, Redmond CJ, Baris AM, Tulchinsky DA & Aladjem MI (2018) The replication initiation determinant protein (RepID) modulates replication by recruiting CUL4 to chromatin Mol. Cell. Biol. 2:221\u201332 [PMID: 6287231][DOI]37. Zakian VA & Scott JF (1982) Construction, replication, and chromatin structure of TRP1 RI circle, a multiple-copy synthetic plasmid derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomal DNA Plasmid 23:159\u201362 [PMID: 2194231]38. Rhodes N, Company M & Errede B (1990) A yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vector containing the M13 origin of replication Gene 511:300\u20135 [PMID: 23026211][DOI]39. Paululat A & Heinisch JJ (2012) New yeast/E. coli/Drosophila triple shuttle vectors for efficient generation of Drosophila P element transformation constructs Mol. Microbiol. 51:1347\u201359 [PMID: 14982629][DOI]40. Ryan VT, Grimwade JE, Camara JE, Crooke E & Leonard AC (2004) Escherichia coli prereplication complex assembly is regulated by dynamic interplay among Fis, IHF and DnaA Nucleic Acids Res. 32:3781\u201391 [PMID: 15258248][DOI]41. Mackiewicz P, Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J, Zawilak A, Dudek MR & Cebrat S (2004) Where does bacterial replication start? Rules for predicting the oriC region Nucleic Acids Res. 47:D74-D77 [PMID: 30364951][DOI]42. Luo H & Gao F (2019) DoriC 10.0: an updated database of replication origins in prokaryotic genomes including chromosomes and plasmids Cell 38:889\u2013900 [PMID: 6091903]43. Fuller RS, Funnell BE & Kornberg A (1984) The dnaA protein complex with the E. coli chromosomal replication origin (oriC) and other DNA sites Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:5817\u201321 [PMID: 6310593]44. Fuller RS & Kornberg A (1983) Purified dnaA protein in initiation of replication at the Escherichia coli chromosomal origin of replication Microbiology 144:1281\u201390 [PMID: 9611803][DOI]45. Jakimowicz D, Majka J, Messer W, Speck C, Fernandez M, Martin MC, Sanchez J, Schauwecker F, Keller U, Schrempf H & Zakrzewska-Czerwi\u0144ska J (1998) Structural elements of the Streptomyces oriC region and their interactions with the DnaA protein J. Mol. Biol. 410:461\u201376 [PMID: 21620858][DOI]46. Tsodikov OV & Biswas T (2011) Structural and thermodynamic signatures of DNA recognition by Mycobacterium tuberculosis DnaA Annu. Rev. Biochem. 82:25\u201354 [PMID: 23746253][DOI]47. Costa A, Hood IV & Berger JM (2013) Mechanisms for initiating cellular DNA replication Front. Microbiol. 5:735 [PMID: 25610430][DOI]48. Wola\u0144ski M, Donczew R, Zawilak-Pawlik A & Zakrzewska-Czerwi\u0144ska J (2014) oriC-encoded instructions for the initiation of bacterial chromosome replication Biochimie 81:819\u201325 [PMID: 10572294]49. Messer W, Blaesing F, Majka J, Nardmann J, Schaper S, Schmidt A, Seitz H, Speck C, T\u00fcngler D, Wegrzyn G, Weigel C, Welzeck M & Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J (1999) Functional domains of DnaA proteins J. Mol. Biol. 274:546\u201361 [PMID: 9417934][DOI]50. Sutton MD & Kaguni JM (1997) The Escherichia coli dnaA gene: four functional domains EMBO J. 20:1469\u201376 [PMID: 11250912][DOI]51. Speck C & Messer W (2001) Mechanism of origin unwinding: sequential binding of DnaA to double- and single-stranded DNA Nucleic Acids Res. 31:2077\u201386 [PMID: 12682358]52. Fujikawa N, Kurumizaka H, Nureki O, Terada T, Shirouzu M, Katayama T & Yokoyama S (2003) Structural basis of replication origin recognition by the DnaA protein Nature 478:209\u201313 [PMID: 21964332][DOI]53. Duderstadt KE, Chuang K & Berger JM (2011) DNA stretching by bacterial initiators promotes replication origin opening EMBO J. 21:4763\u201373 [PMID: 12234917]54. Erzberger JP, Pirruccello MM & Berger JM (2002) The structure of bacterial DnaA: implications for general mechanisms underlying DNA replication initiation J. Struct. Biol.146:11\u201331 [PMID: 15037234][DOI]55. Iyer LM, Leipe DD, Koonin EV & Aravind L (2004) Evolutionary history and higher order classification of AAA+ ATPases J. Biol. Chem. 272:23017\u201324 [PMID: 9287298]56. Sutton MD & Kaguni JM (1997) Threonine 435 of Escherichia coli DnaA protein confers sequence-specific DNA binding activity Cell 54:915\u20138 [PMID: 2843291]57. Bramhill D & Kornberg A (1988) A model for initiation at origins of DNA replication Mol. Microbiol. 82:475\u201388 [PMID: 21895796][DOI]58. Rozgaja TA, Grimwade JE, Iqbal M, Czerwonka C, Vora M & Leonard AC (2011) Two oppositely oriented arrays of low-affinity recognition sites in oriC guide progressive binding of DnaA during Escherichia coli pre-RC assembly Biochem. J. 389:471\u201381 [PMID: 15790315][DOI]59. Zawilak-Pawlik A, Kois A, Majka J, Jakimowicz D, Smulczyk-Krawczyszyn A, Messer W & Zakrzewska-Czerwi\u0144ska J (2005) Architecture of bacterial replication initiation complexes: orisomes from four unrelated bacteria Nucleic Acids Res. 46:6140\u201351 [PMID: 29800247][DOI]60. Grimwade JE, Rozgaja TA, Gupta R, Dyson K, Rao P & Leonard AC (2018) Origin recognition is the predominant role for DnaA-ATP in initiation of chromosome replication Nucleic Acids Res. 45:12354\u201373 [PMID: 29040689][DOI]61. Sakiyama Y, Kasho K, Noguchi Y, Kawakami H & Katayama T (2017) Regulatory dynamics in the ternary DnaA complex for initiation of chromosomal replication in Escherichia coli J. Mol. Biol. 184:529\u201333 [PMID: 2995681]62. Matsui M, Oka A, Takanami M, Yasuda S & Hirota Y (1985) Sites of dnaA protein-binding in the replication origin of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome J. Biol. Chem. 271:17035\u201340 [PMID: 8663334]63. Margulies C & Kaguni JM (1996) Ordered and sequential binding of DnaA protein to oriC, the chromosomal origin of Escherichia coli J. Biol. Chem. 270:17622\u20136 [PMID: 7615570]64. Schaper S & Messer W (1995) Interaction of the initiator protein DnaA of Escherichia coli with its DNA target EMBO J. 16:6574\u201383 [PMID: 9351837][DOI]65. Weigel C, Schmidt A, R\u00fcckert B, Lurz R & Messer W (1997) DnaA protein binding to individual DnaA boxes in the Escherichia coli replication origin, oriC EMBO J. 8:989\u201393 [PMID: 2542031]66. Samitt CE, Hansen FG, Miller JF & Schaechter M (1989) In vivo studies of DnaA binding to the origin of replication of Escherichia coli Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:2811\u20136 [PMID: 14978287][DOI]67. McGarry KC, Ryan VT, Grimwade JE & Leonard AC (2004) Two discriminatory binding sites in the Escherichia coli replication origin are required for DNA strand opening by initiator DnaA-ATP J. Biol. Chem. 280:27420\u201330 [PMID: 15901724][DOI]68. Kawakami H, Keyamura K & Katayama T (2005) Formation of an ATP-DnaA-specific initiation complex requires DnaA Arginine 285, a conserved motif in the AAA+ protein family EMBO J. 18:6169\u201376 [PMID: 10545126][DOI]69. Speck C, Weigel C & Messer W (1999) ATP- and ADP-dnaA protein, a molecular switch in gene regulation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:18479\u201384 [PMID: 19833870][DOI]70. Miller DT, Grimwade JE, Betteridge T, Rozgaja T, Torgue JJ & Leonard AC (2009) Bacterial origin recognition complexes direct assembly of higher-order DnaA oligomeric structures Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 13:676\u201383 [PMID: 16829961][DOI]71. Erzberger JP, Mott ML & Berger JM (2006) Structural basis for ATP-dependent DnaA assembly and replication-origin remodeling Nucleic Acids Res. 40:7375\u201383 [PMID: 22581769][DOI]72. Zorman S, Seitz H, Sclavi B & Strick TR (2012) Topological characterization of the DnaA-oriC complex using single-molecule nanomanipuation Nature 534:412\u20136 [PMID: 27281207][DOI]73. Richardson TT, Harran O & Murray H (2016) The bacterial DnaA-trio replication origin element specifies single-stranded DNA initiator binding J. Biol. Chem. 285:28229\u201339 [PMID: 20595381][DOI]74. Duderstadt KE, Mott ML, Crisona NJ, Chuang K, Yang H & Berger JM (2010) Origin remodeling and opening in bacteria rely on distinct assembly states of the DnaA initiator Nucleic Acids Res. 40:1648\u201365 [PMID: 22053082][DOI]75. Ozaki S & Katayama T (2012) Highly organized DnaA-oriC complexes recruit the single-stranded DNA for replication initiation Science 288:2212\u20135 [PMID: 10864870]76. Myllykallio H, Lopez P, L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda P, Heilig R, Saurin W, Zivanovic Y, Philippe H & Forterre P (2000) Bacterial mode of replication with eukaryotic-like machinery in a hyperthermophilic archaeon PLoS Genet. 3:e77 [PMID: 17511521][DOI]77. Norais C, Hawkins M, Hartman AL, Eisen JA, Myllykallio H & Allers T (2007) Genetic and physical mapping of DNA replication origins in Haloferax volcanii Nature 503:544\u20137 [PMID: 24185008][DOI]78. Hawkins M, Malla S, Blythe MJ, Nieduszynski CA & Allers T (2013) Accelerated growth in the absence of DNA replication origins Nucleic Acids Res. 42:2282\u201394 [PMID: 24271389][DOI]79. Wu Z, Liu J, Yang H, Liu H & Xiang H (2014) Multiple replication origins with diverse control mechanisms in Haloarcula hispanica Mol. Microbiol. 90:538\u201350 [PMID: 23991938][DOI]80. Pelve EA, Martens-Habbena W, Stahl DA & Bernander R (2013) Mapping of active replication origins in vivo in thaum- and euryarchaeal replicons Mol. Microbiol. 85:986\u201395 [PMID: 22812406][DOI]81. Pelve EA, Lind\u00e5s AC, Kn\u00f6ppel A, Mira A & Bernander R (2012) Four chromosome replication origins in the archaeon Pyrobaculum calidifontis Cell 116:25\u201338 [PMID: 14718164]82. Robinson NP, Dionne I, Lundgren M, Marsh VL, Bernander R & Bell SD (2004) Identification of two origins of replication in the single chromosome of the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:7046\u201351 [PMID: 15107501][DOI]83. Lundgren M, Andersson A, Chen L, Nilsson P & Bernander R (2004) Three replication origins in Sulfolobus species: synchronous initiation of chromosome replication and asynchronous termination Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1042:99\u2013115 [PMID: 29357055][DOI]84. Bell SD (2017) Initiation of DNA Replication in the Archaea Genes (Basel) 8:E56 [PMID: 28146124][DOI]85. Ausiannikava D & Allers T (2017) Diversity of DNA Replication in the Archaea Front. Microbiol. 5:179 [PMID: 24808892][DOI]86. Wu Z, Liu J, Yang H & Xiang H (2014) DNA replication origins in archaea Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:11152\u20137 [PMID: 11562464][DOI]87. Matsunaga F, Forterre P, Ishino Y & Myllykallio H (2001) In vivo interactions of archaeal Cdc6/Orc1 and minichromosome maintenance proteins with the replication origin BMC Genomics 13:478 [PMID: 22978470][DOI]88. Wu Z, Liu H, Liu J, Liu X & Xiang H (2012) Diversity and evolution of multiple orc/cdc6-adjacent replication origins in haloarchaea Subcell. Biochem. 62:59\u201369 [PMID: 22918580][DOI]89. Bell SD (2012) Archaeal orc1/cdc6 proteins Cell Rep. 3:485\u201396 [PMID: 23375370][DOI]90. Samson RY, Xu Y, Gadelha C, Stone TA, Faqiri JN, Li D, Qin N, Pu F, Liang YX, She Q & Bell SD (2013) Specificity and function of archaeal DNA replication initiator proteins J. Mol. Biol. 363:355\u201369 [PMID: 16978641][DOI]91. Grainge I, Gaudier M, Schuwirth BS, Westcott SL, Sandall J, Atanassova N & Wigley DB (2006) Biochemical analysis of a DNA replication origin in the archaeon Aeropyrum pernix Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:5806\u201311 [PMID: 17392430][DOI]92. Robinson NP & Bell SD (2007) Extrachromosomal element capture and the evolution of multiple replication origins in archaeal chromosomes EMBO J. 26:816\u201324 [PMID: 17255945][DOI]93. Robinson NP, Blood KA, McCallum SA, Edwards PA & Bell SD (2007) Sister chromatid junctions in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus Science 317:1210\u20133 [PMID: 17761879][DOI]94. Dueber EL, Corn JE, Bell SD & Berger JM (2007) Replication origin recognition and deformation by a heterodimeric archaeal Orc1 complex Science 317:1213\u20136 [PMID: 17761880][DOI]95. Gaudier M, Schuwirth BS, Westcott SL & Wigley DB (2007) Structural basis of DNA replication origin recognition by an ORC protein Nucleic Acids Res. 32:4821\u201332 [PMID: 15358831][DOI]96. Capaldi SA & Berger JM (2004) Biochemical characterization of Cdc6/Orc1 binding to the replication origin of the euryarchaeon Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus Mol. Cell 6:637\u201348 [PMID: 11030343]97. Liu J, Smith CL, DeRyckere D, DeAngelis K, Martin GS & Berger JM (2000) Structure and function of Cdc6/Cdc18: implications for origin recognition and checkpoint control J. Mol. Biol. 343:547\u201357 [PMID: 15465044][DOI]98. Singleton MR, Morales R, Grainge I, Cook N, Isupov MN & Wigley DB (2004) Conformational changes induced by nucleotide binding in Cdc6/ORC from Aeropyrum pernix EMBO Rep. 4:154\u20138 [PMID: 12612604][DOI]99. Matsunaga F, Norais C, Forterre P & Myllykallio H (2003) Identification of short 'eukaryotic' Okazaki fragments synthesized from a prokaryotic replication origin J. Bacteriol. 185:5959\u201366 [PMID: 14526006]100. Berquist BR & DasSarma S (2003) An archaeal chromosomal autonomously replicating sequence element from an extreme halophile, Halobacterium sp. strain NRC-1 Nucleic Acids Res. 33:4940\u201350 [PMID: 16150924][DOI]101. Kasiviswanathan R, Shin JH & Kelman Z (2005) Interactions between the archaeal Cdc6 and MCM proteins modulate their biochemical properties Mol. Cell 61:287\u201396 [PMID: 26725007][DOI]102. Samson RY, Abeyrathne PD & Bell SD (2016) Mechanism of Archaeal MCM Helicase Recruitment to DNA Replication Origins Nucleic Acids Res. 39:3621\u201331 [PMID: 21227921][DOI]103. Dueber EC, Costa A, Corn JE, Bell SD & Berger JM (2011) Molecular determinants of origin discrimination by Orc1 initiators in archaea Extremophiles 14:21\u201331 [PMID: 19787415][DOI]104. Matsunaga F, Takemura K, Akita M, Adachi A, Yamagami T & Ishino Y (2010) Localized melting of duplex DNA by Cdc6/Orc1 at the DNA replication origin in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Mol. Cell 28:1015\u201328 [PMID: 18158899][DOI]105. Onishi M, Liou GG, Buchberger JR, Walz T & Moazed D (2007) Role of the conserved Sir3-BAH domain in nucleosome binding and silent chromatin assembly Nature 484:115\u20139 [PMID: 22398447][DOI]106. Kuo AJ, Song J, Cheung P, Ishibe-Murakami S, Yamazoe S, Chen JK, Patel DJ & Gozani O (2012) The BAH domain of ORC1 links H4K20me2 to DNA replication licensing and Meier-Gorlin syndrome Science 355:aah6317 [PMID: 28209641][DOI]107. Bleichert F, Botchan MR & Berger JM (2017) Mechanisms for initiating cellular DNA replication J. Biol. Chem. 286:11855\u201364 [PMID: 21282109][DOI]108. Gambus A, Khoudoli GA, Jones RC & Blow JJ (2011) MCM2-7 form double hexamers at licensed origins in Xenopus egg extract Cell 139:719\u201330 [PMID: 19896182][DOI]109. Remus D, Beuron F, Tolun G, Griffith JD, Morris EP & Diffley JF (2009) Concerted loading of Mcm2-7 double hexamers around DNA during DNA replication origin licensing Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106:20240\u20135 [PMID: 19910535][DOI]110. Evrin C, Clarke P, Zech J, Lurz R, Sun J, Uhle S, Li H, Stillman B & Speck C (2009) A double-hexameric MCM2-7 complex is loaded onto origin DNA during licensing of eukaryotic DNA replication Genes Dev. 21:3331\u201341 [PMID: 18079179][DOI]111. Ge XQ, Jackson DA & Blow JJ (2007) Dormant origins licensed by excess Mcm2-7 are required for human cells to survive replicative stress Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:8956\u201361 [PMID: 18579778][DOI]112. Ibarra A, Schwob E & M\u00e9ndez J (2008) Excess MCM proteins protect human cells from replicative stress by licensing backup origins of replication Nature 282:39\u201343 [PMID: 388229]113. Stinchcomb DT, Struhl K & Davis RW (1979) Isolation and characterisation of a yeast chromosomal replicator Cell 51:473\u201381 [PMID: 3311385]114. Huberman JA, Spotila LD, Nawotka KA, el-Assouli SM & Davis LR (1987) The in vivo replication origin of the yeast 2 microns plasmid Cell 51:463\u201371 [PMID: 2822257]115. Brewer BJ & Fangman WL (1987) The localization of replication origins on ARS plasmids in S. cerevisiae Science 255:817\u201323 [PMID: 1536007]116. Marahrens Y & Stillman B (1992) A yeast chromosomal origin of DNA replication defined by multiple functional elements Mol. Cell. Biol.14:7643\u201351 [PMID: 7935478]117. Rao H, Marahrens Y & Stillman B (1994) Functional conservation of multiple elements in yeast chromosomal replicators Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 47 Pt 2:1165\u201373 [PMID: 6345070]118. Broach JR, Li YY, Feldman J, Jayaram M, Abraham J, Nasmyth KA & Hicks JB (1983) Localization and sequence analysis of yeast origins of DNA replication Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:2455\u201366 [PMID: 6392851]119. Celniker SE, Sweder K, Srienc F, Bailey JE & Campbell JL (1984) Deletion mutations affecting autonomously replicating sequence ARS1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92:2224\u20138 [PMID: 7892251]120. Rao H & Stillman B (1995) The origin recognition complex interacts with a bipartite DNA binding site within yeast replicators EMBO J. 14:2631\u201341 [PMID: 7781615]121. Rowley A, Cocker JH, Harwood J & Diffley JF (1995) Initiation complex assembly at budding yeast replication origins begins with the recognition of a bipartite sequence by limiting amounts of the initiator, ORC Nature 357:128\u201334 [PMID: 1579162][DOI]122. Bell SP & Stillman B (1992) ATP-dependent recognition of eukaryotic origins of DNA replication by a multiprotein complex Nature 559:217\u201322 [PMID: 29973722][DOI]123. Li N, Lam WH, Zhai Y, Cheng J, Cheng E, Zhao Y, Gao N & Tye BK (2018) Structure of the origin recognition complex bound to DNA replication origin Nature 519:321\u20136 [PMID: 25762138][DOI]124. Bleichert F, Botchan MR & Berger JM (2015) Crystal structure of the eukaryotic origin recognition complex Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 20:944\u201351 [PMID: 23851460][DOI]125. Sun J, Evrin C, Samel SA, Fern\u00e1ndez-Cid A, Riera A, Kawakami H, Stillman B, Speck C & Li H (2013) Cryo-EM structure of a helicase loading intermediate containing ORC-Cdc6-Cdt1-MCM2-7 bound to DNA Sci. Rep. 5:14929 [PMID: 26456755][DOI]126. Kawakami H, Ohashi E, Kanamoto S, Tsurimoto T & Katayama T (2015) Specific binding of eukaryotic ORC to DNA replication origins depends on highly conserved basic residues Cell 53:441\u201350 [PMID: 3284655]127. Palzkill TG & Newlon CS (1988) A yeast replication origin consists of multiple copies of a small conserved sequence Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:101\u20136 [PMID: 11756674][DOI]128. Wilmes GM & Bell SP (2002) The B2 element of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARS1 origin of replication requires specific sequences to facilitate pre-RC formation Science 357:314\u20138 [PMID: 28729513][DOI]129. Coster G & Diffley JFX (2017) Bidirectional eukaryotic DNA replication is established by quasi-symmetrical helicase loading Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:3086\u201396 [PMID: 10757793]130. Zou L & Stillman B (2000) Assembly of a complex containing Cdc45p, replication protein A, and Mcm2p at replication origins controlled by S-phase cyclin-dependent kinases and Cdc7p-Dbf4p kinase Mol. Cell 7:21\u201330 [PMID: 11172708]131. Lipford JR & Bell SP (2001) Nucleosomes positioned by ORC facilitate the initiation of DNA replication Nature 357:169\u201372 [PMID: 1579168][DOI]132. Diffley JF & Cocker JH (1992) Protein-DNA interactions at a yeast replication origin Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:2120\u20134 [PMID: 3281162]133. Diffley JF & Stillman B (1988) Purification of a yeast protein that binds to origins of DNA replication and a transcriptional silencer Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113:E4810-9 [PMID: 27436900][DOI]134. Miotto B, Ji Z & Struhl K (2016) Selectivity of ORC binding sites and the relation to replication timing, fragile sites, and deletions in cancers Genome Res. 20:201\u201311 [PMID: 19996087][DOI]135. MacAlpine HK, Gord\u00e2n R, Powell SK, Hartemink AJ & MacAlpine DM (2010) Drosophila ORC localizes to open chromatin and marks sites of cohesin complex loading Genome Res. 21:164\u201374 [PMID: 21177973][DOI]136. Eaton ML, Prinz JA, MacAlpine HK, Tretyakov G, Kharchenko PV & MacAlpine DM (2011) Chromatin signatures of the Drosophila replication program Genome Res. 23:1\u201311 [PMID: 23187890][DOI]137. Dellino GI, Cittaro D, Piccioni R, Luzi L, Banfi S, Segalla S, Cesaroni M, Mendoza-Maldonado R, Giacca M & Pelicci PG (2013) Genome-wide mapping of human DNA-replication origins: levels of transcription at ORC1 sites regulate origin selection and replication timing Genome Res. 25:1873\u201385 [PMID: 26560631][DOI]138. Cayrou C, Ballester B, Peiffer I, Fenouil R, Coulombe P, Andrau JC, van Helden J & M\u00e9chali M (2015) The chromatin environment shapes DNA replication origin organization and defines origin classes Genome Res. 21:1438\u201349 [PMID: 21750104][DOI]139. Cayrou C, Coulombe P, Vigneron A, Stanojcic S, Ganier O, Peiffer I, Rivals E, Puy A, Laurent-Chabalier S, Desprat R & M\u00e9chali M (2011) Genome-scale analysis of metazoan replication origins reveals their organization in specific but flexible sites defined by conserved features Nucleic Acids Res. 39:3141\u201355 [PMID: 21148149][DOI]140. Lubelsky Y, Sasaki T, Kuipers MA, Lucas I, Le Beau MM, Carignon S, Debatisse M, Prinz JA, Dennis JH & Gilbert DM (2011) Pre-replication complex proteins assemble at regions of low nucleosome occupancy within the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase initiation zone EMBO J. 26:1327\u201339 [PMID: 17304213][DOI]141. Hayashi M, Katou Y, Itoh T, Tazumi A, Tazumi M, Yamada Y, Takahashi T, Nakagawa T, Shirahige K & Masukata H (2007) Genome-wide localization of pre-RC sites and identification of replication origins in fission yeast Genome Res. 21:1822\u201332 [PMID: 21813623][DOI]142. Martin MM, Ryan M, Kim R, Zakas AL, Fu H, Lin CM, Reinhold WC, Davis SR, Bilke S, Liu H, Doroshow JH, Reimers MA, Valenzuela MS, Pommier Y, Meltzer PS & Aladjem MI (2011) Genome-wide depletion of replication initiation events in highly transcribed regions C. elegans eLife 5:e21728 [PMID: 28009254][DOI]143. Pourkarimi E, Bellush JM & Whitehouse I (2016) Spatiotemporal coupling and decoupling of gene transcription with DNA replication origins during embryogenesis in Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 24:290\u20139 [PMID: 28112731][DOI]144. Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez M, Pinz\u00f3n N, Ghommidh C, Beyne E, Seitz H, Cayrou C & M\u00e9chali M (2017) The gastrula transition reorganizes replication-origin selection in Caenorhabditis elegans Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 19:837\u201344 [PMID: 22751019][DOI]145. Besnard E, Babled A, Lapasset L, Milhavet O, Parrinello H, Dantec C, Marin JM & Lemaitre JM (2012) Unraveling cell type-specific and reprogrammable human replication origin signatures associated with G-quadruplex consensus motifs EMBO J. 17:2426\u201335 [PMID: 9545253][DOI]146. Delgado S, G\u00f3mez M, Bird A & Antequera F (1998) Initiation of DNA replication at CpG islands in mammalian chromosomes PLoS Genet. 5:e1000446 [PMID: 19360092][DOI]147. Sequeira-Mendes J, D\u00edaz-Uriarte R, Apedaile A, Huntley D, Brockdorff N & G\u00f3mez M (2009) Transcription initiation activity sets replication origin efficiency in mammalian cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116:4973\u201382 [PMID: 30718387][DOI]148. Kelly T & Callegari AJ (2019) Dynamics of DNA replication in a eukaryotic cell Genes Dev. 13:2639\u201349 [PMID: 10541550][DOI]149. Austin RJ, Orr-Weaver TL & Bell SP (1999) Drosophila ORC specifically binds to ACE3, an origin of DNA replication control element Nature 420:833\u20137 [PMID: 12490953][DOI]150. Beall EL, Manak JR, Zhou S, Bell M, Lipsick JS & Botchan MR (2002) Role for a Drosophila Myb-containing protein complex in site-specific DNA replication Genes Dev. 18:1667\u201380 [PMID: 15256498][DOI]151. Beall EL, Bell M, Georlette D & Botchan MR (2004) Dm-myb mutant lethality in Drosophila is dependent upon mip130: positive and negative regulation of DNA replication Genes Dev. 18:2929\u201340 [PMID: 15545624][DOI]152. Lewis PW, Beall EL, Fleischer TC, Georlette D, Link AJ & Botchan MR (2004) Identification of a Drosophila Myb-E2F2/RBF transcriptional repressor complex Nat. Cell Biol. 3:289\u201395 [PMID: 11231579][DOI]153. Bosco G, Du W & Orr-Weaver TL (2001) DNA replication control through interaction of E2F-RB and the origin recognition complex Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96:2656\u201361 [PMID: 10077566]154. Chuang RY & Kelly TJ (1999) The fission yeast homologue of Orc4p binds to replication origin DNA via multiple AT-hooks Mol. Cell. Biol. 27:3143\u201353 [PMID: 17283052][DOI]155. Balasov M, Huijbregts RP & Chesnokov I (2007) Role of the Orc6 protein in origin recognition complex-dependent DNA binding and replication in Drosophila melanogaster Nat. Cell Biol. 12:1086\u201393 [PMID: 20953199][DOI]156. Tardat M, Brustel J, Kirsh O, Lefevbre C, Callanan M, Sardet C & Julien E (2010) The histone H4 Lys 20 methyltransferase PR-Set7 regulates replication origins in mammalian cells Genes Dev. 26:2580\u20139 [PMID: 23152447][DOI]157. Beck DB, Burton A, Oda H, Ziegler-Birling C, Torres-Padilla ME & Reinberg D (2012) The role of PR-Set7 in replication licensing depends on Suv4-20h EMBO J. 36:2726\u201341 [PMID: 28778956][DOI]158. Brustel J, Kirstein N, Izard F, Grimaud C, Prorok P, Cayrou C, Schotta G, Abdelsamie AF, D\u00e9jardin J, M\u00e9chali M, Baldacci G, Sardet C, Cadoret JC, Schepers A & Julien E (2017) Histone H4K20 tri-methylation at late-firing origins ensures timely heterochromatin replication Nat. Commun. 9:3704 [PMID: 30209253][DOI]159. Shoaib M, Walter D, Gillespie PJ, Izard F, Fahrenkrog B, Lleres D, Lerdrup M, Johansen JV, Hansen K, Julien E, Blow JJ & S\u00f8rensen CS (2018) Histone H4K20 methylation mediated chromatin compaction threshold ensures genome integrity by limiting DNA replication licensing EMBO J. 25:5372\u201382 [PMID: 17066079][DOI]160. Noguchi K, Vassilev A, Ghosh S, Yates JL & DePamphilis ML (2006) The BAH domain facilitates the ability of human Orc1 protein to activate replication origins in vivo Mol. Cell. Biol. 32:3107\u201320 [PMID: 22645314][DOI]161. Shen Z, Chakraborty A, Jain A, Giri S, Ha T, Prasanth KV & Prasanth SG (2012) Dynamic association of ORCA with prereplicative complex components regulates DNA replication initiation Nucleic Acids Res. 45:2490\u2013502 [PMID: 27924004][DOI]162. Wang Y, Khan A, Marks AB, Smith OK, Giri S, Lin YC, Creager R, MacAlpine DM, Prasanth KV, Aladjem MI & Prasanth SG (2017) Temporal association of ORCA/LRWD1 to late-firing origins during G1 dictates heterochromatin replication and organization Cell 143:470\u201384 [PMID: 21029866][DOI]163. Bartke T, Vermeulen M, Xhemalce B, Robson SC, Mann M & Kouzarides T (2010) Nucleosome-interacting proteins regulated by DNA and histone methylation Cell 142:967\u201380 [PMID: 20850016][DOI]164. Vermeulen M, Eberl HC, Matarese F, Marks H, Denissov S, Butter F, Lee KK, Olsen JV, Hyman AA, Stunnenberg HG & Mann M (2010) Quantitative interaction proteomics and genome-wide profiling of epigenetic histone marks and their readers Cell 163:712\u201323 [PMID: 26496610][DOI]165. Hein MY, Hubner NC, Poser I, Cox J, Nagaraj N, Toyoda Y, Gak IA, Weisswange I, Mansfeld J, Buchholz F, Hyman AA & Mann M (2015) A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:1692\u20137 [PMID: 18234858][DOI]166. Thomae AW, Pich D, Brocher J, Spindler MP, Berens C, Hock R, Hammerschmidt W & Schepers A (2008) Interaction between HMGA1a and the origin recognition complex creates site-specific replication origins Nat. Commun. 7:11748 [PMID: 27272143][DOI]167. Zhang Y, Huang L, Fu H, Smith OK, Lin CM, Utani K, Rao M, Reinhold WC, Redon CE, Ryan M, Kim R, You Y, Hanna H, Boisclair Y, Long Q & Aladjem MI (2016) A replicator-specific binding protein essential for site-specific initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115:E5906-15 [PMID: 29899147][DOI]168. Bleichert F, Leitner A, Aebersold R, Botchan MR & Berger JM (2018) Conformational control and DNA-binding mechanism of the metazoan origin recognition complex J. Struct. Biol. 164:241\u20139 [PMID: 18824234][DOI]169. Clarey MG, Botchan M & Nogales E (2008) Single particle EM studies of the Drosophila melanogaster origin recognition complex and evidence for DNA wrapping Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:7159\u201368 [PMID: 9372948]170. Lee DG & Bell SP (1997) Architecture of the yeast origin recognition complex bound to origins of DNA replication Genes Dev. 31:1073\u201388 [PMID: 28717046][DOI]171. Riera A, Barbon M, Noguchi Y, Reuter LM, Schneider S & Speck C (2017) From structure to mechanism-understanding initiation of DNA replication Chromosoma 124:13\u201326 [PMID: 25308420][DOI]172. Tognetti S, Riera A & Speck C (2015) Switch on the engine: how the eukaryotic replicative helicase MCM2-7 becomes activated PLoS Genet. 6:e1001092 [PMID: 20824081][DOI]173. Berbenetz NM, Nislow C & Brown GW (2010) Diversity of eukaryotic DNA replication origins revealed by genome-wide analysis of chromatin structure Genes Dev. 24:748\u201353 [PMID: 20351051][DOI]174. Eaton ML, Galani K, Kang S, Bell SP & MacAlpine DM (2010) Conserved nucleosome positioning defines replication origins eLife 6:e22512 [PMID: 28322723][DOI]175. Azmi IF, Watanabe S, Maloney MF, Kang S, Belsky JA, MacAlpine DM, Peterson CL & Bell SP (2017) Nucleosomes influence multiple steps during replication initiation Mol. Cell 37:57\u201366 [PMID: 20129055][DOI]176. Miotto B & Struhl K (2010) HBO1 histone acetylase activity is essential for DNA replication licensing and inhibited by Geminin Nucleic Acids Res. 43:8746\u201361 [PMID: 26227968][DOI]177. Liu J, Zimmer K, Rusch DB, Paranjape N, Podicheti R, Tang H & Calvi BR (2015) DNA sequence templates adjacent nucleosome and ORC sites at gene amplification origins in Drosophila Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1042:229\u201357 [PMID: 29357061][DOI]178. Zhao PA, Rivera-Mulia JC & Gilbert DM (2017) Replication Domains: Genome Compartmentalization into Functional Replication Units Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1042:61\u201378 [PMID: 29357053][DOI]179. Sugimoto N & Fujita M (2017) Molecular Mechanism for Chromatin Regulation During MCM Loading in Mammalian Cells Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 5:a010207 [PMID: 23751185][DOI]180. MacAlpine DM & Almouzni G (2013) Chromatin and DNA replication Cell 176:816\u201330 [PMID: 30595451][DOI]181. Sima J, Chakraborty A, Dileep V, Michalski M, Klein KN, Holcomb NP, Turner JL, Paulsen MT, Rivera-Mulia JC, Trevilla-Garcia C, Bartlett DA, Zhao PA, Washburn BK, Nora EP, Kraft K, Mundlos S, Bruneau BG, Ljungman M, Fraser P, Ay F & Gilbert DM (2019) Identifying cis Elements for Spatiotemporal Control of Mammalian DNA Replication Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:15837\u201342 [PMID: 18838675][DOI]182. Cadoret JC, Meisch F, Hassan-Zadeh V, Luyten I, Guillet C, Duret L, Quesneville H & Prioleau MN (2008) Genome-wide studies highlight indirect links between human replication origins and gene regulation Mol. Cell 60:797\u2013807 [PMID: 26656162][DOI]183. Gros J, Kumar C, Lynch G, Yadav T, Whitehouse I & Remus D (2015) Post-licensing Specification of Eukaryotic Replication Origins by Facilitated Mcm2-7 Sliding along DNA Nature 470:120\u20133 [PMID: 21258320][DOI]184. Letessier A, Millot GA, Koundrioukoff S, Lachag\u00e8s AM, Vogt N, Hansen RS, Malfoy B, Brison O & Debatisse M (2011) Cell-type-specific replication initiation programs set fragility of the FRA3B fragile site Epigenetics Chromatin 9:18 [PMID: 27168766][DOI]185. Smith OK, Kim R, Fu H, Martin MM, Lin CM, Utani K, Zhang Y, Marks AB, Lalande M, Chamberlain S, Libbrecht MW, Bouhassira EE, Ryan MC, Noble WS & Aladjem MI (2016) Distinct epigenetic features of differentiation-regulated replication origins Genome Res. 22:64\u201375 [PMID: 22090375][DOI]186. Sher N, Bell GW, Li S, Nordman J, Eng T, Eaton ML, Macalpine DM & Orr-Weaver TL (2012) Developmental control of gene copy number by repression of replication initiation and fork progression Cell Rep. 11:821\u201334 [PMID: 25921534][DOI]187. Comoglio F, Schlumpf T, Schmid V, Rohs R, Beisel C & Paro R (2015) High-resolution profiling of Drosophila replication start sites reveals a DNA shape and chromatin signature of metazoan origins Genes Dev. 12:734\u201344 [PMID: 9499407]188. Calvi BR, Lilly MA & Spradling AC (1998) Cell cycle control of chorion gene amplification Annu. Rev. Genet. 32:379\u2013413 [PMID: 9928485][DOI]189. Mosig G (1998) Recombination and recombination-dependent DNA replication in bacteriophage T4 Genes (Basel) 8:E54 [PMID: 28134821][DOI]190. Ravoityt\u0117 B & Wellinger RE (2017) Non-Canonical Replication Initiation: You're Fired! EMBO J. 12:3287\u201395 [PMID: 8344265]191. Asai T, Sommer S, Bailone A & Kogoma T (1993) Homologous recombination-dependent initiation of DNA replication from DNA damage-inducible origins in Escherichia coli Nature 448:820\u20133 [PMID: 17671506][DOI]192. Lydeard JR, Jain S, Yamaguchi M & Haber JE (2007) Break-induced replication and telomerase-independent telomere maintenance require Pol32 Cell 51:1113\u201322 [PMID: 2446774]193. Dasgupta S, Masukata H & Tomizawa J (1987) Multiple mechanisms for initiation of ColE1 DNA replication: DNA synthesis in the presence and absence of ribonuclease H Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112:5779\u201384 [PMID: 25902524][DOI]194. Stuckey R, Garc\u00eda-Rodr\u00edguez N, Aguilera A & Wellinger RE (2015) Role for RNA:DNA hybrids in origin-independent replication priming in a eukaryotic system Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 6:a016147 [PMID: 24789819][DOI]195. Burki F (2014) The eukaryotic tree of life from a global phylogenomic perspective PLoS Genet. 11:e1004875 [PMID: 25569357][DOI]196. Lee PH, Meng X & Kapler GM (2015) Developmental regulation of the Tetrahymena thermophila origin recognition complex EMBO J. 26:5048\u201360 [PMID: 18007594][DOI]197. Mohammad MM, Donti TR, Sebastian Yakisich J, Smith AG & Kapler GM (2007) Tetrahymena ORC contains a ribosomal RNA fragment that participates in rDNA origin recognition EMBO J. 28:223\u201333 [PMID: 19153611][DOI]198. Donti TR, Datta S, Sandoval PY & Kapler GM (2009) Differential targeting of Tetrahymena ORC to ribosomal DNA and non-rDNA replication origins Curr. Genomics 19:98\u2013109 [PMID: 29491738][DOI]199. Marques CA & McCulloch R (2018) Conservation and Variation in Strategies for DNA Replication of Kinetoplastid Nuclear Genomes Nucleic Acids Res. 44:4763\u201384 [PMID: 26951375][DOI]200. Marques CA, Tiengwe C, Lemgruber L, Damasceno JD, Scott A, Paape D, Marcello L & McCulloch R (2016) Diverged composition and regulation of the Trypanosoma brucei origin recognition complex that mediates DNA replication initiation PLoS ONE 7:e32674 [PMID: 22412905][DOI]201. Tiengwe C, Marcello L, Farr H, Gadelha C, Burchmore R, Barry JD, Bell SD & McCulloch R (2012) Identification of ORC1/CDC6-interacting factors in Trypanosoma brucei reveals critical features of origin recognition complex architecture Genome Biol. 16:230 [PMID: 26481451][DOI]202. Marques CA, Dickens NJ, Paape D, Campbell SJ & McCulloch R (2015) Genome-wide mapping reveals single-origin chromosome replication in Leishmania, a eukaryotic microbe"}
{"text": "Xanthoceras sorbifolium) is a species of the Sapindaceae family native to China and is an oil tree that can withstand cold and drought conditions. A pseudomolecule-level genome assembly for this species will not only contribute to understanding the evolution of its genes and chromosomes but also bring yellowhorn breeding into the genomic era.Yellowhorn (Dimocarpus longan) was estimated at \u223c33.07 million years ago. Gene cluster and chromosome synteny analysis demonstrated that the yellowhorn genome shared a conserved genome structure with its ancestor in some chromosomes.Here, we generated 15 pseudomolecules of yellowhorn chromosomes, on which 97.04% of scaffolds were anchored, using the combined Illumina HiSeq, Pacific Biosciences Sequel, and Hi-C technologies. The length of the final yellowhorn genome assembly was 504.2 Mb with a contig N50 size of 1.04 Mb and a scaffold N50 size of 32.17 Mb. Genome annotation revealed that 68.67% of the yellowhorn genome was composed of repetitive elements. Gene modelling predicted 24,672 protein-coding genes. By comparing orthologous genes, the divergence time of yellowhorn and its close sister species longan (This genome assembly represents a high-quality reference genome for yellowhorn. Integrated genome annotations provide a valuable dataset for genetic and molecular research in this species. We did not detect whole-genome duplication in the genome. The yellowhorn genome carries syntenic blocks from ancient chromosomes. These data sources will enable this genome to serve as an initial platform for breeding better yellowhorn cultivars. Xanthoceras sorbifolium) (NCBI: txid99658) is a woody oil species . Th. Th91]. Xanthoceras sorbifolium genome sequencing and assembly was QUWJ 00000000. All The raw sequence data have been deposited in NCBI under project accession No. PRJNA483857. The Biosample Number of transcriptome sequencing, Pacbio SMRT sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing and Illumina sequencing for Hi-C were SAMN09748200, SAMN11653335, SAMN11653337 and SAMN11653336. The SRA accession No. of transcriptome sequencing, PacBio SMRT sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Illumina sequencing for Hi-C was SRR7768197, SRR7768198, SRR7768199, and SRR7768201, respectively (in SRP159119). The accession No. of Xanthoceras sorbifolium has been published back-to-back with this one in GigaScience [Please note, another Data Note presenting a genome assembly of aScience .Additional file 1: Tables S1\u2212S7Table S1: PacBio data statistics.Table S2: Genome quality assessed by the BUSCO test.Table S3: Repetitive sequence content.Table S4: Prediction of protein-coding genes.Table S5: Function annotation of protein-coding genes.Table S6: Data used in orthoMCL analysis.Table S7: Annotation and locus information of 169 yellowhorn-specific gene families.Additional file 2: Figures S1\u2212S5Figure S1: Length distribution of the 3 types of PacBio reads produced.Figure S2: Interaction frequency distribution of Hi-C links among chromosomes.Figure S3. Distribution of insertion ages of Copia-type and Gypsy-type LTR-retrotransposons.Figure S4: Function classification of protein-coding genes against the GO term database.Figure S5: KOG function classification of protein-coding genes.giz070_GIGA-D-18-00337_Original_SubmissionClick here for additional data file.giz070_GIGA-D-18-00337_Revision_1Click here for additional data file.giz070_GIGA-D-18-00337_Revision_2Click here for additional data file.giz070_Response_to_Reviewer_Comments_Original_SubmissionClick here for additional data file.giz070_Response_to_Reviewer_Comments_Revision_1Click here for additional data file.giz070_Reviewer_1_Report_Original_SubmissionJohn Mackay, Ph.D. -- 10/28/2018 ReviewedClick here for additional data file.giz070_Reviewer_2_Report_Original_SubmissionLaura Kelly -- 11/11/2018 ReviewedClick here for additional data file.giz070_Reviewer_2_Report_Revision_1Laura Kelly -- 4/18/2019 ReviewedClick here for additional data file.giz070_Reviewer_3_Report_Original_SubmissionPedro Martinez Garcia -- 11/30/2018 ReviewedClick here for additional data file.giz070_Supplemental_FilesClick here for additional data file.4DTv: 4-fold degenerate synonymous sites of the third codons; bp: base pair; BUSCO: Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs; BWA: Burrows-Wheeler Aligner; CD-HIT: Cluster Database at High Identity with Tolerance; CEGMA: Core Eukaryotic Genes Mapping Approach; EVM: EVidenceModeler; Gb: gigabases; GCE: Genomic Character Estimator; GeMoMa: Gene Model Mapper; GO: Gene Ontology; kb: kilobases; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; KOG: EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups; LG: linkage group; LTR: long terminal repeat; Mb: megabases; mRNA: messenger RNA; mya: million years ago; MCscan: Multiple Collinearity Scan toolkit; MITE: miniature inverted-repeat transposable element; MUSCLE: MUltiple Sequence Comparison by Log-Expectation; NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information; NR: non-redundant; PacBio: Pacific Biosciences; PE: paired-end; Pfam: Protein Families; PhyML: Phylogeny Maximum Likelihood; RNA-Seq: RNA sequencing; rRNA: ribosomal RNA; SMRT: Single-Molecule Real-Time; SNAP: Semi-HMM-based Nucleic Acid Parser; SRA: Sequence Read Archive; TAIR: The Arabidopsis Information Resource; tRNA: transfer RNA.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.This work was financially supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (CAFYBB2019QD001), the National \u201c12th Five-Year\u201d Plan for Science & Technology Support of China (2015BAD07B0106), the National Natural Science Foundation of China , the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2016YFC050080506) and Key Research Development Program of Liaoning Province (2017204001).Q.B., H.Y., Y.Lu, C.R., and L.W. conceived and designed the study; T.C., X.L., Y.Li, S.F., X.H., G.F., Y.C., J.D., D.C., Z.Z., and Z.L. prepared materials and conducted the experiments; Q.B., Y.Z., W.D., Y.Lu, and L.G. wrote the manuscript."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The added affiliation information is given below:2 Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria80105-80106. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21049Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Jonah W. Evans. The correct citation is: Meierhofer MB, Johnson JS, Leivers SJ, Pierce BL, Evans JW, Morrison ML (2019) Winter habitats of bats in Texas. PLoS ONE 14(8): e0220839."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Pia Clara Pafundi. The correct citation is: Romano MR, Ilardi G, Ferrara M, Cennamo G, Allegrini D, Pafundi PC, et al. (2018) Intraretinal changes in idiopathic versus diabetic epiretinal membranes after macular peeling. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0197065."}
{"text": "AbstractStigmus: S.capoblongus Bashir & Ma, sp. n., S.denticorneus Bashir & Ma, sp. n., S.fronticoncavus Bashir & Ma, sp. n., S.interruptus Bashir & Ma, sp. n. and S.lobomelanicus Bashir & Ma, sp. n. are described and illustrated from China. Also, a key to the species of Stigmus Panzer occurring in China is provided.Five new species of the genus  Stigmus Panzer was erected by Stigmuspendulus Panzer. At present 25 species and 4 subspecies are described worldwide, of which the highest number of species is known from the Nearctic Region (10 species and 2 subspecies), followed by the Palearctic Region (7 species); 4 species and 2 subspecies were found in the Oriental Region (of which 3 species and 2 subspecies were in China), 2 species in Neotropical Region, 1 species in the Palearctic and Oriental Regions, and 1 species in the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions  present; labrum subtriangular, pentagonal or trapeziform; face with a shallow scapal basin; interantennal tubercle absent; clypeus of male with silvery dense setae; eyes broadly separated, pitted grooves along orbits narrow or absent; head moderately developed behind eyes; pronotum with a transverse carina; notauli indicated or developed; omaulus well developed (only in S.solskyi A. Morawitz is it invisible against the background of a wrinkled mesopleuron sculpture); no definitive episternal sulcus; stigma large, two submarginal cells; hindwing media diverging before or beyond cu-a, hindwing median cell normal size; petiole at least twice its diameter; and female pygidial plate present ; Insect Collections of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China (YNAU); and Parasitic Hymenoptera Collection of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China (ZJU).The specimens examined in this study belong to the following institutions: Insect Collections of The specimens were observed and illustrated with the help of an Olympus stereomicroscope  with an ocular micrometer. For the terminology we mainly followed PR and OR represent Palearctic and Oriental Regions, respectively.Females (unknown for S.capoblongus sp. n)Males (unknown for S.fronticoncavus sp. n. and S.interruptus sp. n.)Type species.Stigmuspendulus Panzer, 1804, by monotypy.Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraCrabronidaeBashir & Masp. n.http://zoobank.org/CA9A6376-28E7-42A3-9846-78C3BB171BAE35\u00b032'N, 105\u00b017'E, 30.VII.2004, 2003m, No. 200707614, coll. Qiong Wu (ZJU); Paratypes: 3\u2642, China: Gansu: Dangxian: Daheba, 35\u00b032'N, 105\u00b017'E, 30.VII.2004, 2530m, No. 200707818, 200707830, coll. Min Shi, No. 200707834, coll. Qiong Wu (ZJU); 1\u2642, China: Shanxi: Liuba: Ziboshan, 38\u00b019'N, 111\u00b028'E, 2004.VIII.3, 1632m, No .200707852, coll. Min Shi (ZJU); 1\u2642, China: Henan: Funiushan Mount, 33\u00b037'N, 111\u00b043'E, 10.VII.1996, No. 973367, coll. Ping Cai (ZJU).Holotype: \u2642, China: Gansu: Dangxian: Daheba, S.japonicusS.quadriceps Tsuneki but differs by free margin of clypeus with two triangular teeth medially; flagellomere beneath fulvous, above, remaining reddish brown to dark brown; scutellum shiny, with fine sparse punctures; petiole subquadrate ; pronotal collar with strong carinae anteriorly, lateral carina lacking, without antero-lateral corner.Differs from Male Figs , 6a:Measurements. BL: 5\u20135.5 mm; HW : HLD : HLF = 76 : 43 : 57; HW : EWd : EW : TW : EL = 76 : 23 : 26 : 20 : 46; length of scape : length of pedicel : length of flagellomere I : width of flagellomere I : length of flagellomere II : width of flagellomere II = 21 : 8 : 9 : 3 : 8 : 3; PL : PW : LTI : WTI = 38 : 8 : 36 : 40.Colour pattern. Clypeus with reddish brown to dark brown band subapically; mandible yellowish except reddish brown apically; palpi ivory; scape beneath ivory, above fulvous; pedicel fulvous; flagellomere beneath fulvous, above I fulvous, remaining reddish brown to dark brown; pronotal lobe white; tegula yellowish; forewing veins brown; fore leg: yellowish to fulvous except outer margin of femur somewhat brown, coxa dark brown largely; mid leg: yellowish to fulvous except outer margin of femur somewhat brown, coxa dark brown largely; hind leg: coxa apically, trochanter, base and apex of femur, tibia largely, tarsi yellowish to fulvous, remainder dark brown; petiole black; gaster dark brown, gastral sterna II\u2013VII posteriorly bright yellow; setae on clypeus silvery and mandible yellow.Head. Mandible bidentate apically , slightly convex and widened toward apex slightly, and with two sturdy, longitudinal median carinae, area between carinae with dense, sturdy, irregular rugae, median and posterior areas with two sturdy, longitudinal, lateral carinae on each side .capoblongus, is derived from the Latin cap- (= head) and the Latin word oblongus (= oblong), referring to the oblong head.The specific name, Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraCrabronidaeBashir & Masp. n.http://zoobank.org/D79E43E1-99E2-4D66-8B65-B2E714AE7C5835\u00b032'N, 105\u00b017'E, 30.VII.2004, 2530m, No. 200707781, coll. Qiong Wu (ZJU); Paratypes: 1\u26407\u2642, China: Gansu: Dangxian: Daheba, 35\u00b032'N, 105\u00b017'E, 30.VII.2004, 2530m, \u2640, No. 200707788, 7\u2642, No. 200707785, 200707812, 200707771, 200707795, 200707816, 200707814, 200707829, coll. Qiong Wu, Min Shi (ZJU).Holotype: \u2640, China: Gansu: Dangxian: Daheba, S.japonicus by combination of characters: in female, free margin of clypeus slightly produced and with two distinct cornuted teeth medially, deeply emarginated in the middle; scrobal suture inconspicuous, just with several longitudinal rugae; lateral surface of petiole with two strong longitudinal carinae; admedian and parapsidal line weakly impressed; posterior surface of propodeum with a shallow narrow median groove, shiny, remaining with contiguous punctures and sparse irregular oblique longitudinal rugae. Closely related to S.quadriceps except antenna dark brown; forewing veins brown; gena with sparse midsize to large punctures dorsally; in male, frontal furrow distinctly impressed on upper frons; free margin of clypeus slightly produced and nearly truncate medially; anterior area of pronotal collar narrowly emarginated in middle, antero-lateral corner lacking; petiole subquadrate , slightly convex, not longer than 1st abdominal tergite.Distinguished from Female Figs , 6b:Measurements. \u2640 BL: 5 mm; HW : HLD : HLF = 68 : 42 : 52; HW : EWd : EW : TW : EL = 68 : 15 : 20 : 21 : 42; length of scape : length of pedicel : length of flagellomere I : width of flagellomere I : length of flagellomere II : width of flagellomere II = 20 : 8 : 6 : 4 : 6 : 4; PL : PW : LTI : WTI = 37 : 9 : 32 : 38. \u2642, BL: 3.8\u20134.2 mm; HW : HLD : HLF = 62 : 36 : 48; HW : EWd : EW : TW : EL = 62 : 16 : 21 : 14 : 38; length of scape : length of pedicel : length of flagellomere I : width of flagellomere I : length of flagellomere II : width of flagellomere II = 15 : 7 : 6 : 3 : 7 : 3.5; PL : PW : LTI : WTI = 34 : 10 : 28 : 28.Colour pattern. Clypeus with reddish brown to dark brown band subapically; mandible yellowish except reddish brown apically; labrum dark brown; palpi fulvous; antenna beneath fulvous and dark brown; pronotal lobe ivory; tegula fulvous; forewing veins brown; fore and mid legs: base and apex of femur, tibia, tarsi fulvous, trochanter and remaining femur dark brown; hind leg basal one fourth of tibia and tarsus fulvous, remaining tibia dark brown; petiole black; gaster dark brown; setae on clypeus and mandible yellow.Head. Mandible tridentate apically, median tooth larger , narrowly emarginated in middle, lateral carina lacking, antero-lateral corner lacking , slightly convex and widened toward apex slightly, with two strong longitudinal carinae, and irregular, strong rugae anteriorly and medially, lateral area with 2 strong longitudinal carinae posteriorly on each side .dent- (= tooth) and the Latin word corneus (= cornuted), referring to the free margin of clypeus with two distinct cornuted teeth medially.The specific epithetic, is derived from the Latin Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraCrabronidaeBashir & Masp. n.http://zoobank.org/C03B9D82-3729-4CD5-8D49-2A77FA164F0624\u00b005'N, 97\u00b047'E, 2.V.1981, coll. Fasheng Li (CAU).Holotype \u2640, China: Yunnan: Ruili: Mengxiu, S.murotai  but differ by clypeus impunctate; free margin of clypeus not produced, with two small teeth medially, nearly truncate apically; labrum five lobed; ventral surface of petiole smooth, without carina; gena impunctate; parapsidal line weakly impressed; pygidial area broadened triangular shaped. S.murotai has the following characters: clypeus with sparse, fine punctures; free margin of clypeus narrowly produced, with two triangular teeth medially, slightly emarginated in middle; labrum trapeziform; ventral surface of petiole with dense, sturdy, short, longitudinal carinae posteriorly; gena with fine punctures; parapsidal line distinct; pygidial area broadened U-shaped.Similar to Female Figs , 6d:Measurements. BL: 5.3 mm; HW : HLD : HLF = 81 : 53 : 53; HW : EWd : EW : TW : EL = 81 : 22 : 23 : 28 : 50; length of scape : length of pedicel : length of flagellomere I : width of flagellomere I : length of flagellomere II : width of flagellomere II = 28 : 8 : 8 : 3.5 : 9 : 4; PL : PW : LTI : WTI = 34 : 8 : 40 : 43.Colour pattern. Clypeus dark brown apically; mandible yellowish except reddish brown apically; labrum, palpi, scape, tegula and pedicel fulvous; flagellomere I\u2013VI segments fulvous, VII-X reddish brown to dark brown; pronotal lobe yellowish; forewing veins brown; legs fulvous except coxa dark brown basally; petiole black; metasoma black, last segment dark brown; setae on clypeus and mandible golden.Head. Mandible tridentate apically , slightly convex and widened toward apex distinctly, basal half of petiole with two sturdy lateral carinae and dense irregular rugae, apex with dense, sturdy, longitudinal carinae posteriorly .fronticoncavus, is derived from the Latin front- (= frons) and the Latin word concavus (= concave), referring to the hollow, deep and broad scapal.The name, Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraCrabronidaeBashir & Masp. n.http://zoobank.org/636548BE-E8B7-47D5-A59F-D71CBCC4DB2129\u00b042'N, 87\u00b021'E, 20.VIII.2003, No. 20035170, coll. Dejimeiduo (ZJU); Paratypes: 2\u2640, same data as Holotype except No. 20035185, 20034328; 1\u2640, China: Tibet: Sejilashan Mount, 29\u00b059'N, 94\u00b054'E, 1.IX.2002, No. 20032992, coll. Naiquan Lin (ZJU).Holotype \u2640, China: Tibet: Linzhi, S.japonicus by pronotal lobe white; median and upper frons with midsize punctures; vertex behind ocelli with midsize punctures; pygidial area half mat, apex truncate; lateral surface of petiole with two strong longitudinal carinae; mesoscutum with sparse large punctures; posterior surface of propodeum with a shallow somewhat narrow median groove, remaining with contiguous punctures and several oblique longitudinal rugae. Stigmusjaponicus has following characters: pronotal lobe ivory; median and upper frons with fine punctures; vertex behind ocelli impunctate; pygidial area shiny, apex round; lateral surface of petiole with a few strong longitudinal carinae; mesoscutum with fine sparse punctures; posterior surface of propodeum with irregular rugae, groove inconspicuous.Distinguished from closely related species Female Figs , 6e:Measurements. BL: 4.3\u20134.8 mm; HW : HLD : HLF = 65 : 40 : 55; HW : EWd : EW : TW : EL = 65 : 14 : 18 : 21 : 42; length of scape : length of pedicel : length of flagellomere I : width of flagellomere I : length of flagellomere II : width of flagellomere II = 20 : 7 : 8 : 4 : 8 : 4.5; PL : PW : LTI : WTI = 34 : 9 : 34 : 36.Colour pattern. Clypeus with reddish brown to dark brown band subapically; mandible ivory except reddish brown apically; palpi yellowish; scape beneath ivory, above dark brown largely; pedicel beneath fulvous, dark brown above; flagellomere dark brown to black; pronotal lobe white; tegula fulvous; forewing veins dark brown; fore and mid tibia, tarsi, femur (base and apex), trochanter, hind coxa, basal one third of hind tibia (remaining tibia dark brown) fulvous; petiole black; metasoma black except last segment reddish brown apically; setae on clypeus and mandible silvery.Head. Mandible tridentate apically , strongly convex and widened toward apex slightly, and with two sturdy, longitudinal median carinae, and with irregular strong rugae anteriorly and medially .interruptus, is derived from the Latin word interruptus (= interrupt), referring to the anterior area of the pronotal collar with sturdy carinae, incomplete, narrowly emarginate in the middle.The name, Taxon classificationAnimaliaHymenopteraCrabronidaeBashir & Masp. n.http://zoobank.org/5FB42D4C-37DE-4C6E-A152-3DDE420A0BD822\u00b009'N, 100\u00b052'E, 23.IX.2006, coll. Hesheng Wang (YNAU); Paratypes: 1\u2640, China: Yunnan: Ruili: Nanjingli, 24\u00b005'N, 97\u00b047'E, 5.V.1981, coll. Fasheng Li (CAU); 1\u2642, China: Yunnan: Ruili, 23\u00b059'N, 97\u00b037'E, 2.V.1981, No. 812489, coll. Junhua He (CAU); 1\u2642, China: Yunnan: Mengla: Wangtianshu Forest Park, 22\u00b001'N, 100\u00b047'E, 2.V.2005, coll. Peng Wang (YNAU); 1\u26401\u2642, China: Guizhou: Luodian, 25\u00b013'N, 105\u00b050'E, 2\u20135.VI.1981, coll. Fasheng Li (CAU); 1\u2640, China: Yunnan: Menghai, 22\u00b027'N, 98\u00b020'E, 17.V.1981, coll. Fasheng Li (CAU).Holotype \u2640, China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna: Jinghong: Yexianggu, S.pendulus by free margin of clypeus strongly produced and truncate medially, frontal furrow lacking, gena with large dense punctures, scutellum with several large punctures, pygidial area broadly triangular, with dense, slender, longitudinal striations; from S.munakatai Tsuneki it differs by setae on clypeus and mandible golden, upper frons with midsize to large punctures, inner orbital furrow broad, pronotal collar without antero-lateral angle, scutellum with large punctures, propodeum strongly reticulate, lateral surface with longitudinal rugae, pygidial area broadly triangular; in male, free margin of clypeus truncate medially, mandible reddish brown with black basally.Differs from Female Figs , 6f:Measurements. \u2640 BL: 5.2\u20136.1 mm; HW : HLD : HLF = 84 : 45 : 70; HW : EWd : EW : TW : EL = 84 : 23 : 28 : 23 : 58; length of scape : length of pedicel : length of flagellomere I : width of flagellomere I : length of flagellomere II : width of flagellomere II = 25 : 8 : 7 : 4 : 7 : 5; PL : PW : LTI : WTI = 35 : 10 : 42 : 58. \u2642, BL: 5.2\u20135.5 mm; HW : HLD : HLF = 81 : 41 : 63; HW : EWd : EW : TW : EL = 81 : 25 : 29 : 15 : 55; length of scape : length of pedicel : length of flagellomere I : width of flagellomere I : length of flagellomere II : width of flagellomere II = 20 : 8 : 6 : 3.5 : 6 : 4; PL : PW : LTI : WTI = 35 : 10 : 42 : 50.Colour pattern. Clypeus black; mandible reddish brown to dark brown except black basally and apically; palpi dark brown; scape, pedicel, tegula and flagellomere dark brown to black; pronotal lobe black; forewing veins fulvous to dark brown; fore and mid legs: tibia, tarsi, femur (apex) reddish brown to dark brown, hind tarsus dark brown; petiole and metasoma black; setae on clypeus and mandible golden.Head. Mandible tridentate apically, median tooth larger , moderately convex and widened toward apex distinctly, and with strong irregular rugae .lobomelanicus, is derived from the Greek lob- (= lobe) and the Greek word melanicus (= black), referring to pronotal lobe black.The name,"}
{"text": "The following articles were originally published in issue 12(1). These have now been moved to issue 12(S1) :FOREWORDMaking AMR history: a call to actionTedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus10.1080/16549716.2019.1638144DOI: ORIGINAL ARTICLEKnowing antimicrobial resistance in practice: a multi-country qualitative study with human and animal healthcare professionalsMaddy Pearson and Clare Chandler10.1080/16549716.2019.1599560DOI: METHODS FORUMThe \u2018Drug Bag\u2019 method: lessons from anthropological studies of antibiotic use in Africa and South-East AsiaJustin Dixon, Eleanor MacPherson, Salome Manyau, Susan Nayiga, Yuzana Khine Zaw,Miriam Kayendeke, Christine Nabirye, Laurie Denyer Willis, Coll de Lima Hutchison and Clare I. R. Chandler10.1080/16549716.2019.1639388DOI: Taylor & Francis apologises for this oversight."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Shannon D. Scott. The correct citation is: Kebbe M, Perez A, Buchholz A, McHugh T-LF, Scott SD, Richard C, et al. (2018) Barriers and enablers for adopting lifestyle behavior changes in adolescents with obesity: A multi-centre, qualitative study. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0209219."}
{"text": "The correct name is: John W. Kappelman. The correct citation is: M\u00e9tais G, Coster PM, Kappelman JW, Licht A, Ocako\u011flu F, Taylor MH, et al. (2018) Eocene metatherians from Anatolia illuminate the assembly of an island fauna during Deep Time. PLoS ONE 13(11): e0206181."}
{"text": "The third author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Ioannis K. Karoussis.In Vitro model of peri-implant inflammation. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0210530. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210530The correct citation is: Berbel LO, Banczek EdP, Karoussis IK, Kotsakis GA, Costa I (2019) Determinants of corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy dental implants in an"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Fran\u00e7ois E. Dufrasne. The sixth author\u2019s name is also spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Beno\u00eet Kabamba-Mukadi. The correct citation is: Dessilly G, Goeminne L, Vandenbroucke A-t, Dufrasne FE, Martin A, Kabamba-Mukadi B (2018) First evaluation of the Next-Generation Sequencing platform for the detection of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in Belgium. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0209561."}
{"text": "AbstractChytonidia Schaus, 1914, is one of two noctuine genera originally described by Schaus that includes species recently found to feed on fern foliage (Pteridophyta) as larvae. By examining museum specimens, including type material and reared specimens accompanied by DNA barcode data, Chytonidia Schaus, 1914, syn. n. is synonymized with Leucosigma Druce, 1908, all currently recognized species are re-described, including males of three species described from female holotypes, and three new species are described: Leucosigmasolisae Goldstein, sp. n., Leucosigmapoolei Goldstein, sp. n., and L.schausi Goldstein, sp. n. Images of adults and, where available, larvae as well as dissected genitalia are presented, with a key to adults. Chytonidia Schaus, 1914 represents one of two noctuine genera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) described by Pteridophyta) as wild-caught caterpillars inventoried at \u00c1rea de Conservaci\u00f3n Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. Fern-feeding (pteridivory) by herbivorous insects is of interest because the age and toxicity of ferns, coupled with the alleged rarity of fern specialists, have occasioned a modest literature that includes hypotheses of their origins  analyses of DNA barcode data informed the dissection efforts and were supplemented by partial sequencing of DNA extracted during the course of dissection of the type of ACG, the following label data precede Santa Rosa National Park (SRNP) identifier codes, and are not repeated as label data except for newly designated types: Voucher: D.H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs DB: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, COSTA RICA.For specimens recently reared or collected from The following abbreviations refer to collections from which specimens form the basis of this study:NHMUKThe Natural History Museum, London, UK (formerly BMNH)USNMNational Museum of Natural History , Washington, District of Columbia, USAChytonidiachloristis Schaus, 1914 the type species of his monobasic genus Chytonidia, having described Chytonixchloe Schaus, 1914 one page prior. Poole (1989: 251) transferred Chytonixchloe to Chytonidia, along with Miseliaalbimixta Schaus, 1911, Chytonixcommixta Schaus, 1914, and PageBreakGonodesviridipicta Dognin, 1910. Although the genus was no longer monobasic, its nomenclatural composition was substantially reshaped. While transferring commixta to Lophomyra Schaus, 1911 in a separate paper  based on a range of morphological characters and in particular similarities in male genitalia. Similarities in adult morphology, wing pattern, larval behavior and a small portion of the mitochondrial genome of Leucosigma species to species of Chytonidia, including both type species, require that Leucosigma be recognized as the senior synonym of Chytonidia.Taxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraNoctuidaeDruce, 1908Chytonidia Schaus, 1914, syn. n.Leucosigmauncifera Druce, 1908, by monotypy.Leuccosigma was presumably named in reference to the white U-shaped forewing stigma. Chytonidia likely derives from \u03c7\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, a coat, tunic or garment worn under a tunic, possibly in reference to thoracic and abdominal tufts.Leucosigma are diagnosed most readily by the male genitalia, in particular the nature of the highly differentiated clasping architecture, the most striking feature of which is the heavily sclerotized pincer-like cucullus on each valve. In referring to this as a cucullus, we do not interpret it as homologous to the clasper sensu Forbes; although derived from the basal sclerite, it is distinct if not entirely free of the more reduced clasper proper, which appears embedded within the sacculus and free of the basal sclerite. The cucullus bears a swollen, often bulb-like apex with a single heavily sclerotized spine, and a setose usually finger-like dorsal process . These most heavily sclerotized parts of the cucullus may appear simple and pincer-like as in L.uncifera, L.poolei, and L.solisae; recurved or falcate as in L.albimixta; asymmetrically distended with sinuate edges as in L.chloe; or elongate as in L.schausi.Species of Head. Labial palpus upturned, densely scaled; second segment usually longer than combined length of the first and third. Eyes smooth or sparsely hairy. Antennae setose-ciliate; bifasciculate in males, scaled above. Thorax. Collar green towards the base, the remainder of the thoracic vestiture more uniformly brown, but scales actually pale at the base. Wings. With the exception of the type species L.uncifera, which exhibits dominantly reddish or russet forewing coloration, the forewings of Leucosigma species are mottled with a mixture of brown and mossy green, particularly in the medial and terminal areas. Reniform and orbicular spots elongate and usually fused ventrally or nearly so, forming a roughly U-shaped stigma. At least four costal striae present. Sexual dimorphism in wing pattern is most conspicuous in the hind wings, which tend to be more uniformly dark gray in the females and paler basally in the males. Legs. Femoral and tibial scales always with an admixture of lime green among the tan and \u201clilacine\u201d  elongate and densely covered with clustered setae throughout. Tegumen hemi-circular to oblong, in some species raised at the base of the uncus. Vinculum shallow U- or V-shaped. Saccus bluntly pointed, rounded, or squared. Valves symmetrical, highly differentiated. For reference, we call attention to four structures numbered 1\u20134 in Figs in situ such that the apices of each process flank the uncus; and (4) a smaller finger-like, thorn-like or (in L.viridipicta) anvil-like clasper. Vesica unadorned, without spines or cornuti; a subbasal diverticulum ranges from rudimentary, as in L.uncifera, to a large recurved torsion in L.albimixta. Female genitalia. Papillae anales blunt, subquadrate. Posterior apophyses usually at least twice as long as anterior apophyses. Lamellae antevaginales robust, ranging from narrowly concave or cup-like to more deeply invaginate, apparently co-developed with colliculum. Colliculum usually well developed but reduced or absent in some species. Ductus bursae otherwise unsclerotized, straight or with minimal torsions, attaching dorso-caudally to the corpus, sometimes with a small pre-collicular lobe. Corpus bursae without signa, oblong, sometimes appearing subtriangular when distended by presence of spermatophore(s). Appendix bursae undifferentiated except as a swollen ventral point of attachment to the ductus seminalis. Spermatophore collum, when visible, appears with a single loop; frenum with a concave face matching the interior surface of appendix bursae at its point of attachment to the ductus seminalis. Paired pad-like sternal sclerotizations on A7 are visible in some specimens.ine\u201d cf. : 488; a Mexico, Caribbean, Central and South America.Pteridophyta).All known caterpillars feed on leaves of ferns  type specimens, several of which are females.As is often the case, the type species of Numbers 1\u20134 refer to structures labeled in figures.Taxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraNoctuidaeDruce, 1908Leucosigmauncifera Druce, 1908: 302. Type locality: Peru: [Puno] Carabaya, La Oroya.Leucosigma Hampson, 1908 (preoccupied) as a junior synonym of Leucosigma Druce, 1908.  Poole (1989) included Type material. HOLOTYPE \u2642: La Oroya, Carabaya, Peru, 3000 ft. iii. 1905. G. Ockenden., B. 433 4462, Brit. Mus. 1930-75, Leucosigmauncifera type, Druce, Type, NHMUK010606200. Type at NHMUK (BMNH).Costa Rica: : Males: Guanacaste (9\u2642): Sector Cacao: Cima, 10.93259, -85.45889, el. 1450m, 07/12/2010, F. Quesada & S. Rios, collector, 10-SRNP-111595, USNMENT01437310, 09-SRNP-100529, USNMENT01437201; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 03/03/2006, H. Cambronero & F. Quesada, collector, 06-SRNP-102855, USNMENT01437242; Sector Del Oro: Serrano, 11.00023, -85.45621, el. 585m, 11/08/2007, F. Quesada & S. Rios, collector, 07-SRNP-109808, USNMENT01437187; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 02/16/2007, F. Quesada & S. Rios, collector, 07-SRNP-100616, USNMENT01437320; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 02/17/2007, S Rios & F. Quesada, collector, 07-SRNP-101239, USNMENT01437200; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 02/16/2007, F. Quesada & S. Rios, collector, 07-SRNP-100629, USNMENT01438859; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 03/01/2006, S. Rios & R. Franco, collector, 06-SRNP-102374, USNMENT01438843, USNM Dissection 148199; Sector Cacao: Cima, 10.93259, -85.45889, el. 1450m, 07/12/2010, F. Quesada & S. Rios, collector, 10-SRNP-111594, USNMENT01437221; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 02/17/2007, S Rios & F. Quesada, collector, 07-SRNP-101266, USNMENT01437266; Alajuela (5\u2642): Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Rio Francia, 10.90425, -85.28651, el. 410m, 01/24/2009, R. Franco & S. Rios, collector, 09-SRNP-100529; Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Albergue Oscar, Casa, 10.86623, -85.32693, el. 719m, 01/03/2011, H. Cambronero & F. Quesada, collector, 11-SRNP-100029, USNMENT01438838, USNM Dissection 148102; Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Wege Palmeras, 10.96869, -85.31965, el. 369m, 10/22/2014, S. Rios & H. Cambronero, collector,14-SRNP-104353, USNMENT01437217; Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Albergue Oscar, Casa, 10.86627, -85.32605, el. 725m, 02/11/2010, S. Rios & F. Quesada, collector, 10-SRNP-104917, USNMENT01437285; Sector San Cristobal: Estacion San Gerardo, 10.88009, -85.38887, el. 575m, 10/11/2007, F. Quesada & R. Franco, collector, 07-SRNP-109451, USNMENT01370293, USNM Dissection 148101. Females: Costa Rica. Tuis. 2,500 ft. June. W. Schaus. 1910-110.Leucosigmauncifera Druce, NHMUK010606201; Guanacaste (4\u2640): Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 02/28/2006, S. Rios & H. Cambronero, collector, 06-SRNP-101607, USNMENT01437350; Sector Pailas: Manta Copelares, 10.81692, -85.34679, el. 1478m, 09/07/2010, S. Rios & R. Franco, collector, 10-SRNP-113265, USNMENT01437197, USNM Dissection 148103; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 04/03/2011, F. Quesada & S. Rios, collector, 11-SRNP-102284, USNMENT01437255, USNM Dissection 148104; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 11/13/2012, S. Rios & H. Cambronero, collector, 12-SRNP-105657, USNMENT01370289.PageBreakon underside of forewing, where terminal area appears dusted in green and contrasts with medial area; postmedial line almost complete on underside of hind wing. Cucullus pincer-like, the inner edge distal to its juncture with dorsal process straight for more than half its length before bending sharply and terminating in a sharp point.The predominantly orange-russet forewing coloration and U-shaped solid white stigma diagnose this species from all others currently described; apical patch reduced to a white line extending from R5 to costa; post-medial line complete Head. Male and female antennae setose-ciliate with dorsal cupreous scales; male antennae bifasciculate. Frons, vertex, and basal two segments of labial palpus with orange/russet-colored scales; 3rd segment palpus and antennal scape edged with white scaling. Eyes smooth.Thorax. Patagial \u201cfans\u201d appearing banded, two patches of green scales towards base, purplish medially, becoming paler or sunset-orange towards the crest; remainder of prothoracic vestiture a mix of purplish and russet scales. Wings. Forewing length 10.5 mm , average 10.3 mm , 11.0 mm . Predominantly russet orange; grayish purple in the spaces between R4 and R5, M1 and M3, and CuA2 and 1A. U-shaped stigma uniformly white. Moss-green scaling in the outer part of the apical patch and in the medial area towards the inner margin. Basal, antemedial, and postmedial lines white along inner edges, black outward; medial line more faint. Underside pattern elements more distinct than in other Leucosigma species): both forewing and hind wing postmedial lines visible, the postmedial area suffused throughout with green scaling. Legs. Scales predominantly pinkish; femoral and tibial scales with an admixture of lime green; a single pair of striped mid-tibial spurs, two pairs on hind-tibiae; three rows of tibial spines on all legs.Abdomen. Male dorsum covered uniformly in tannish-gray scales and hairs, predominantly lilac gray in females; abdominal underside more variably scaled with lilacine and reddish brown.Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, widest subapically, upwardly curved with a very small apical point, and bearing ventral setal crest. Tegumen raised at base of uncus. Vinculum a shallow V-shape; saccus bluntly pointed. Juxta pentagonal, dorsal edge horizontal; annellar arms fused, hoop-like. Sacculus (1) rounded apically, without sclerotized tip or point, its edges and those of dorsal process (3) setose; cucullus (2) appearing chelicerate, the sclerotized part occupying >1/3 its overall length but bending sharply at the outer edge near the sharply pointed apex with a subapical tuft of re\u00ebntrant spine-like setae; finger-like dorsal process (3) coequal in width to cucullus, to which it is joined midway; clasper (4) an elongate, bent free sclerite, embedded in sacculus. Distal part of aedeagus and basal part of vesica minimally spinulose, with small sclerotized apical flange and small, bilobate subbasal diverticulum.Female genitalia. Posterior apophyses less than twice as long as anterior apophyses. Lamella antevaginalis invaginated posteriorly, convex anteriorly. Colliculum undeveloped. Ductus undifferentiated, dimensionally intermediate for genus , similar in length to 8th abdominal segment. Corpus bursae elongate, obliquely bent, banana-shaped or sub-triangular when distended with spermatophore(s).Immature stages. Unknown.Likely refers to the u-shaped forewing stigma.PageBreakSRNP-coded specimens with DNA barcodes examined were light-trapped in ACG rain forest.The life history of this species is unknown; to our knowledge, this species has never been reared, and has only been taken at lights. All L.uncifera are reported and have been DNA barcoded from Ecuador, Venezuela, and French Guiana.Costa Rica, Peru. Specimens identified as Leucosigmauncifera, the type species of Leucosigma, is the most visually distinct and atypical of the entire group, but the male genitalia are strikingly similar to those of L.solisae. DNA barcode data suggest the existence of undescribed species in a complex with L.uncifera, and it is not unlikely that additional sampling will reveal that the Costa Rican species are not conspecific with typical L.uncifera.The brightly colored orange-russet Taxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraNoctuidaeDyar, 1914Leucosigmareletiva Dyar, 1914. Type locality: [Panama] Trinidad River, female.Type material. HOLOTYPE \u2640: PANAMA: A Busck coll, Rio Trinidad Mar. 12 Pan., Type No. 15839 U.S.N.M., Leucosigmareletiva Type Dyar, USNMENT00973166, \u2640USNM Dissection 148170. Type at USNM.COSTA RICA (2\u2642): Alajuela: Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Protrero Chaves, 10.93868, -85.32167, el. 433m, 08/18/2009, R. Franco& S. Rios, collector, 09-SRNP-107116, USNM Dissection 148177, USNMENT01370297; Guanacaste: Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 02/17/2007, S Rios & F. Quesada, collector, 07-SRNP-101206, USNM Dissection 148178, USNMENT01437211.L.chloe, although overall paler in the specimens examined and figured here, possibly reflecting wear. Both L.reletiva and L.chloe have in common with L.schausi a reniform spot with a straight outer edge, squared at the lower corner. Male genitalia similar in some respects to those of L.chloe, especially in the recurved, pointed clasper, but sacculus wider and cucullus less sinuate apically, aduncate, with pronounced subapical setal fan as in L.albimixta; vesica with small distal secondary lobe.Wing patterning not readily differentiated from that of Head. Antennae setose-ciliate, bifasciculate in males, scaled above with alternating tan and brown bands of spatulate scales. Frons, vertex, and labial palpus with mixture of gray, brown, and some purplish scales; frons paler than vertex. Eyes sparsely hairy.Thorax. Thoracic vestiture a mix of grayish-tan scales tipped with brown, a pair of green-scaled patches at base of pagatial fan. Wings. Forewing length 11.8 mm , average 12.0 mm . Forewing pale, slightly cupreous baso-medially such that the gray medial line stands out; fused reniform-orbicular stigmata PageBreakgreen, outlined in white, bracket a brown patch outlined in dark brown; terminal area shaded with green; apical patch silvery white; hind wings uniformly gray above in male and female alike, hind wing undersides shaded towards costa, postmedial line broken. Legs. Scales grayish brown, mostly concolorous with thoracic vestiture; femora and tibia with an admixture of lime-green scales; a single pair of striped mid-tibial spurs, two pairs on hind-tibiae; three rows of tibial spines on all legs, as for other members of the genus.Abdomen. Dorsum covered in uniformly tannish-brown scales and hairs; ventral side more darkly scaled with two rows of paler tan scales on either side of the medial line .Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, widest subapically, upwardly curved with a small apical point. and bearing ventral crest of short setae. Tegumen hemi-circular or nearly so. Vinculum cup-shaped. Saccus squared off. Juxta spade-shaped, with a mid-dorsal projection; annellar arms fused, hoop-like. Sacculus (1) bluntly rounded, heavily setose; sclerotized part of cucullus (2) elongate, concave, aduncate with a subapical setal fan; dorsal process (3) widest medially, densely setose apically; clasper (4) recurved to a point. Aedeagus faintly granular towards vesica, where the sclerotized part is narrowed to a sinuous strap. Vesica without cornuti; paired subbasal and medial diverticula knoblike, with a small apical diverticulum present.Female genitalia. Posterior apophyses less than twice as long as anterior apophyses. Lamella antevaginalis V-shaped, deeply invaginated posteriorly. Ostium wide. Colliculum welldeveloped. Ductus undifferentiated except for small pre-collicular lobe. Corpus bursae obliquely shaped, sub-triangular when distended with spermatophore(s). Ductus bursae robust, not >3\u00d7 long as width at middle. Colliculum present, well developed. With two spermatophores, maintaining a very roughly foot-shaped appearance, the distal (anterior) part of the bursa distended to accommodate the corpus of the spermatophore (cf. holotype of L.uncifera).Immature stages. Undocumented.Bolbitisportoricensis (Dryopteridaceae) in ACG rain forest (96-SRNP-11467).Feeding on foliage of Costa Rica, Panama.L.uncifera.Dyar described this species on the basis of a single female holotype specimen in poor condition which he nevertheless recognized as having kinship with Taxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraNoctuidaecomb. n.Chytonidiaalbimixta Schaus, 1911 Type locality: Costa Rica.Type material. Holotype \u2640: Miselia sp. not in USNM, Miseliaalbimixta type Schs, Type No. 17326 [526?] USNM, Juan Vinas CR, May, USNM Dissection 148184, USNMENT01370283. Type at USNM.COSTA RICA (4\u2642): Alajuela (2\u2642): Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Albergue Oscar, Casa, 10.86627, -85.32605, el. 725m, 01/15/2010, F. Quesada & S. Rios, collector, 10-SRNP-104564, USNM Dissection 148,305, USNMENT01370298; Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Manta Hugo, 10.8811, -85.2677, el. 491m, 03/15/2009, H. Cambronero & F. Quesada, collector, 10-RNSP-107587, USNM Dissection 148069, USNMENT01437230. Guanacaste (2\u2642): Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, larva on Elaphoglossumdoanense: 02/14/2011, ecl. 03/29/2011, Manuel Rios, collector, 11-SRNP-30511, USNM Dissection 148085, USNM 00105321; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 03/18/2007, H. Cambronero & S. Rios, collector, 07-SRNP-102199, USNM Dissection 148068, USNMENT01437365 GUATEMALA : Chejel Guat, Aug, Schaus and Barnes coll., \u2642 genitalia on slide Aug 1953 E.L.T. #138, \u2642 USNM Dissection 50,548, USNMENT01437345; Chejel Guat, Aug, Schaus and Barnes coll., \u2640 genitalia on slide Aug 1953 E.L.T. #139, \u2640 USNM Dissection 50,549, USNMENT01370282.. Leucosigma species, forewing approaching 1.5cm on average (see below), and the only species with most of the medial area of the forewing upperside dominated by green; the terminal area also with green scaling, the components of the fused reniform-orbicular swollen and outlined in white, appearing more bulbous than in any other species except the much smaller L.viridipicta, with which L.albimixta is not likely confused; terminal area well defined on hind wing underside, more extensively shaded in green than in other species; clasper swollen, fan-like and concave medially with short acutely recurved apical hook. Ductus bursae narrow as in L.poolei but point of attachment to corpus bursae dorsad; colliculum diminutive as in L.uncifera and L.poolei.Largest Head. Antennae setose-ciliate, bifasciculate in males, scaled above with alternating tan and brown bands of spatulate scales. Scaling on frons, vertex, and labial palpi predominantly brown, interspersed with black and white. Labial palpus with third segment relatively longer than in congeners, almost half the length of the second segment. Eyes sparsely hairy, with a post-ocular ring of dark-purplish hair-like scales.Thorax. Collar green scaled; a sublabial green beard-like tuft observed in one male specimen (USNM 00105321). Wings. Forewing length 14.9 mm , average 14.4 mm , 14.8 mm . Medial and terminal areas of forewing dominated by green, especially so the distended \u201cU\u201d comprising the fused reniform-orbicular complex; basal and postmedial areas dominated by brownish-gray scaling; underside patterning concentrated in costal and terminal areas, with neither a discal spot nor robust antemedial or postmedial lines apparent excepting a partial postmedial on the forewing. Legs. Green scale tufts on inner mid- and hind-femora, PageBreakthe remaining femoral scales white, brown, and black, and the tibial scaling primarily green and white; a single pair of striped mid-tibial spurs, two pairs on hind-tibiae; three rows of tibial spines on all legs.Abdomen. Uniform grayish tan above; underside a mix of white and light/dark brown with medial patches of green.Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, upwardly curved with a small apical point and bearing ventral setal crest. Tegumen \u2229-shaped. Vinculum widely V-shapped. Saccus squared off. Juxta dihedral, subquadrate with the dorsal and ventral edges deformed in parallel ; annellar arms fused, hoop-like. Sacculus (1) simple, tapered; cucullus (2) curved outward apically before recurving to a fine point, supapical setal fan prominent; dorsal process (3) elongate, gently tapered, setose throughout; clasper (4) upturned, apex foot-shaped. Aedeagus with a sclerotized band of raised granules and a more distal patch of spinules. Vesica without cornuti; subbasal diverticulum bulbous; medial diverticulum an enlarged simple torsion.Female genitalia. Posterior apophyses nearly twice as long as anterior apophyses. Lamella antevaginalis deeply invaginated posteriorly. Ostium narrow. Colliculum reduced. Ductus elongate, narrow, >0.5\u00d7 length of corpus bursae, itself elongate, obliquely shaped; appendix bursae bulbous.Immature stages. Known only from images  in ACG rain forest. In the reared male specimen for which data are available comb. n.Chytonixchloe Schaus, 1914. Type locality: French Guyana.Chytonidiachloristis Schaus, 1914: 489.Type material. HOLOTYPE \u2640: St Jean, Maroni, Fr Guiana, Chytonixchloe Type Schs, Type No. 16531 U.S.N.M., Collection Wm Schaus, USNM Dissection 148175, USNMENT01370295. Type at USNM.PageBreakFRENCH GUIANA (2\u2640):: \u2640 St Jean, Maroni, Fr Guiana, Chytonidiachloristis Type Schs, Collection Wm Schaus, Type No. 16533 U.S.N.M., USNM Dissection 148185, USNMENT01370300; Dates 6-8 Mar 1982 Guyane Francaise G. Tavasillian [illeg.] leg. BORWE I [illeg.], 376, USNMENT01370375.. COSTA RICA : Males: COSTA RICA: Turrialba 17-21.II.65 SS&WD Duckworth, USNM Dissection 148151, USNMENT01437357 [\u2642]; Guanacaste (10\u2642): Sector Cacao: Estacion Gongora, 10.887, -85.47443, el. 570m, larva on Bolbitisportoricensis: 11/10/1996, ecl. 10/21/1996, 96-SRNP-11370, USNMENT01437307; Sector Cacao: Estacion Gongora, 10.887, -85.47443, el. 570m, larva on Bolbitisportoricensis: 11/12/1996, ecl. 10/21/1996, 96-SRNP-11369, USNM Dissection 148,289, USNMENT01437372; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 03/18/2010, ecl. 02/15/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-70814, USNMENT01437206; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 03/21/2010, ecl. 02/15/2010, Dinia Martinez, collector, 10-SRNP-70815, USNM Dissection 148200, USNMENT01437250; Sector Cacao: Estacion Gongora, 10.887, -85.47443, el. 570m, larva on Bolbitisportoricensis: 11/13/1996, ecl. 10/21/1996, 96-SRNP-11375, USNM Dissection 148070, USNMENT01438814; Sector Cacao: Estacion Gongora, 10.887, -85.47443, el. 570m, larva on Bolbitisportoricensis: 11/12/1996, ecl. 10/21/1996, 96-SRNP-11372, USNM Dissection 148071,USNMENT01437315; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 08/22/2010, ecl. 07/23/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-72329, USNM Dissection 148168, USNMENT01437257; Sector Cacao: Estacion Gongora, 10.88449, -85.47306, el. 557m, 09/11/2007, R. Franco & S. Rios, collector, 07-SRNP-108955, USNM Dissection 148055, USNMENT01437367; Sector Cacao: Estacion Gongora, 10.887, -85.47443, el. 570m, larva on Bolbitisportoricensis: 11/11/1996, ecl. 10/21/1996, 96-SRNP-11373, USNMENT01437360; Sector Cacao: Estacion Gongora, 10.887, -85.47443, el. 570m, larva on Bolbitisportoricensis: 11/13/1996, ecl. 10/21/1996, 96-SRNP-11371, USNMENT01370286.Females: Guanacaste (9\u2640): Sector Cacao: Estacion Gongora, 10.887, -85.47443, el. 570m, larva on Bolbitisportoricensis: 10/21/1996, ecl. 11/21/1996, 96-SRNP-11376, USNMENT01437271; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 07/20/2010, ecl. 08/17/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-72238, USNMENT01437347; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 07/22/2010, ecl. 08/19/2010, Dinia Martinez, collector, 10-SRNP-72308, USNMENT01437272; Sector Pitilla: Quebradona, 10.99102, -85.39539, el. 475m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 02/04/2010, ecl. 03/10/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-70655, USNMENT01437302; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 08/02/2010, ecl. 09/11/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-72520, USNMENT01437280; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 11/07/2010, ecl. PageBreak12/20/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-73250, USNMENT01437292; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 07/13/2010, ecl. 08/15/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-72038, USNM Dissection 148072, USNMENT01437382; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 02/04/2012, ecl. 03/07/2012, Ricardo Calero, collector, 12-SRNP-70275, USNM Dissection 148054, USNMENT01437297; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 07/16/2013, ecl. 08/10/2013, Ricardo Calero, collector, 13-SRNP-71183, USNMENT01437287. Alajuela (2\u2640): Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Estacion Botarrama, Manta Porton, 10.96048, -85.28237, el. 147m, F. Quesada & R. Franco, collector, 09-SRNP-108544, USNM Dissection 148169, USNMENT01437380; Sector Cacao: Estacion Gongora, 10.887, -85.47443, el. 570m, larva on Bolbitisportoricensis: 10/21/1996, ecl. 11/12/1996, 96-SRNP-11374, USNMENT01370299.BRAZIL (1\u2640): Sao Paulo de Olivenca Amazones Fassl Novembre-Decembre, USNM Dissection 148152, USNMENT01437322L.reletiva but forewing overall more darkly shaded in specimens examined; reniform spot with a straight outer edge, squared at the lower corner as in L.reletiva and L.schausi; male hind wing pale basally in males, not uniformly shaded as in L.reletiva. Cucullus with highly distinct asymmetrical deformations along both edges subapically, the apical point  ventrally curved.Forewing similar to that of Head. Antennae setose-ciliate, bifasciculate in males, scaled above with indistinctly banded tan and brown scales. Frons, vertex, and labial palpi with scales heterochromously shaded in tannish brown. Eyes sparsely hairy.Thorax. Prothoracic vestiture brown, sprinkled with green; dorsal tuft well developed. Wings. Forewing length 11.8 mm , average 11.3 mm , 11.7 mm . Legs. Femora thickly scaled with brown and black, the mid- and hind-femora with green scaling in addition; tibiae uniformly less densely scaled, in pale tan; a single pair of striped mid-tibial spurs, two pairs on hind-tibiae; three rows of tibial spines on all legs.Abdomen. Dorsum covered in uniformly tannish-brown scales and hairs; dorso-lateral tufts of hairs on anterior segments; ventral side more darkly scaled with two rows of paler tan scales on either side of the medial .Male genitalia. Most similar to L.uncifera in size, but with the shape of the cucullus at its apex highly distorted, asymmetrical. Uncus crested, distended medially, upwardly turned with long apical point and ventral crest of short setae. Tegumen with dorsal edge nearly straight, the lateral edges outwardly sub-parallel. Vinculum cup-shaped. Saccus bluntly triangulate. Juxta spade-shaped, with a mid-dorsal projection; annellar arms fused, hoop-like. Sacculus (1) tapered to a dull point, the dorsal and ventral edges straight. Edges of cucullus (2) asymmetrical, sinuate, apical spine produced along ventral edge; dorsal process (3) undifferentiated. Clasper (4) robust, recurved to a point (cf. L.reletiva). Aedeagus with distal sclerotization faintly strap-like, and minimally rugose, somewhat granular towards vesica. Vesica likewise PageBreakfaintly granular basad, without cornuti; subbasal diverticulum moderately distended with a pair of smaller lobes and a pouch-like invagination with a weakly sclerotized margin as in L.reletiva.Female genitalia. Posterior apophyses more than twice as long as anterior apophyses. Lamella antevaginalis invaginate. Colliculum well developed. Ductus intermediate for genus, 2\u20134\u00d7 as long as wide. Corpus bursae sub-triangular when distended; appendix bursae a small bulbous out-pouching.Immature stages. No images or specimens available.ACG rain forest feeding on foliage of Bolbitisportoricensis (Dryopteridaceae) and Microgrammapercussa (Polypodiaceae). Of 20 reared specimens  an average of 19 days elapsed between the onset of the prepupal stage and adult eclosion, with most individuals requiring 19 or more days.Caterpillars found in Costa Rica, French Guiana.Leucosigmachloe, its synonym (and the type species) L.chloristis, and L.reletiva were all described from female holotypes.Taxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraNoctuidaecomb. n.Gonodesviridipicta Dognin, 1910: 13. Type locality: French Guiana: St. Laurent du Maroni.Type material. FRENCH GUIANA: HOLOTYPE \u2642; S. -Laurent de Maroni Guy Franc; Dognin collection, Gonodesviridipicta 1/10 Type \u2642 Dognin not in USNM [illeg.], Type No. 32413 U.S.N.M., \u2642USNM Dissection 148176, USNMENT00973419. Type at USNM.PERU: Huacamayo, Carabaya, dry seas., 3100 ft, June 04. (G. Ockenden), Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1, NHMUK01606202.(1\u2642). L.albimixta, with fused orbicular and reniform spots similarly swollen, but with the basal, antemedial, and postmedial lines less conspicuously highlighted in black and white. Cucullus with medial flange directed basad, its ventral edge precisely complementing the dorsal edge of clasper from which it appears to have been separated during development; apices of the costal lobes swollen.Smaller than Head. Antennae setose-ciliate, bifasciculate in males, scaling above uniformly grayish brown. Vertex and labial palpi with scales predominantly grayish brown; frons and inner face of palpus with paler scaling. Eyes smooth.Thorax. Prothoracic scales grayish brown, concolorous with vertex. Wings. Forewing length 10.9 mm , average 10.8 mm . Apical patch dominantly green on forewing upperside and underside, and on underside of hind wing. Legs\u2013 Scaling predominantly tannish brown, more or less concolorous with thoracic vestiture; a single pair of striped mid-tibial spurs, two pairs on hind-tibiae; three rows of tibial spines on all legs.Abdomen. Dorsum covered in uniformly tannish-brown scales and hairs; ventral side more darkly scaled, especially at terminal tuft; some pinkish scaling ventrally.Male genitalia. Uncus robust and densely setose, almost bottlebrush-like for distal 3/4, the setae blonde, concolorous with neighboring setal tufts, and arranged in clusters sharing a single socket and shingled, appearing scale-like in situ. Tegumen raised at base of uncus. Vinculum laterally concave. Saccus blunt. Juxta rhomboid, without a dorsal projection. Sacculus (1) wide, barely tapered. Cucullus (2) bent backward  and bears basally directed flange marking separation from dorsal edge of clasper, evidently ruptured during development of especially robust dorsal processes (3); each dorsal process swollen apically, resembling a ball-headed Native American war club, heavily setose, and with a conspicuous tuft of ventro-medially directed spine-like setae. Clasper (4) anvil shaped, its dorsal edge complementing the ventral edge of the cucullar flange. Aedeagus weakly sclerotized, granular appearance continuing to base of vesica; subbasal diverticulum asymmetrically bulbous, dumbbell-shaped.Female genitalia. Unknown.Immature stages. Unknown.Unknown.French Guiana, Peru.Lophomyra. The relationship between these genera requires more thorough sampling and analysis of both taxa and genes.Female specimens at MNHN (Paris) were not available for study. This species is noteworthy in that the uncus is covered in shingled, scale-like clusters of setae Figs , 128, reTaxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraNoctuidaeGoldsteinsp. n.http://zoobank.org/C50ACC24-E816-4019-8FF5-7690574D9D3BType material. HOLOTYPE \u2642. Voucher: D.H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs DB: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, COSTA RICA, Sector Pitilla: Estacion Pitilla, 10.98931, -85.42581, el. 675m, 02/17/2007, S. Rios & F. Quesada, collector, 07-SRNP-101229, \u2642USNM Dissection 148077, USNMENT01370294.COSTA RICA: (1\u2642): Alajuela: Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Estacion Caribe, 10.90082, -85.2764, el. 391m, 10/10/2007, S. Rios & H. Cambronero, collector, 07-SRNP-109201, \u2642USNM Dissection 148078, USNMENT01437370. PERU (1\u2642): La Oroya, R. Inambari, Peru, Sept. 1904 3100 ft, dry seas., (G. Ockenden), Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1., NHMUK010606203. Types at USNM.PARATYPES (2\u2642). PageBreakgreen \u201c\u0427 \u201c(left wing) or \u201c\u03bc\u201d (right wing), the outline of which is broader than in other species except L.albimixta and L.viridipicta; the green (not silvery-white) apical patch distinguishes this and the following species from other members of the genus; hind wing underside with discal spot present but unpronounced, unlike L.poolei below. Male genitalia most similar to those of L.poolei and L.uncifera, distinguished by a shorter and more gently arced distal part of the cucullus; vesica without small basal lobe as in L.poolei.Forewing terminal area and distal part of the medial area appearing more uniform purplish gray than in other species, giving the wing a smoother, less granular appearance overall. The reniform-orbicular complex forms a continuous Head. Antennae setose-ciliate, bifasciculate in males, scaled above with alternating bands of gray  and tan . Frons, vertex, and labial palpi scaled with an admixture of white, brown and black. Eyes smooth.Thorax. Excepting vestiges of green visible immediately behind head, thoracic vestiture uniformly purplish gray. Wings. Forewing length 13.7 mm , average 13.3 mm . Forewing predominantly lilacine, russet subcostally in the postmedial; apical and anal patch present; green scaling concentrated at inner margin, apical and anal patch, and \u0427/\u03bc-shaped medial stigma. Medial area cupreous; medial, antemedial, and postmedial lines visibly darker brown; terminal area green in Costa Rican specimens, more closely matching medial coloration or slightly darker reddish brown in Peruvian specimen; apical patch primarily green; forewing underside lightly suffused with green scaling in terminal area; no antemedial or postmedial lines present on underside except at most as costal striae. Legs. Scales predominantly purplish gray; femora and tibia with an admixture of lime-green among the tan-lilacine scales; a single pair of striped mid-tibial spurs, two pairs on hind-tibiae; three rows of tibial spines on all legs.Abdomen. Vestiture uniformly tannish gray, paler than on thorax.Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, widest subapically, upwardly curved with a very small apical point, and bearing ventral setal crest. Tegumen roughly hemi-circular, excepting a deformation of the dorsal edge at the base of the uncus. Vinculum a wide V-shape; saccus blunt. Juxta pentagonal, dorsal edge horizontal; annellar arms fused, hoop-like. Sacculus (1) densely setose, tapering to a blunt extension. Cucullus (2) appears chelicerate, the sclerotized part occupying ~1/3 the overall length and bending sharply at the outer edge near the sharply pointed apex, with a subapical tuft of re\u00ebntrant spine-like setae. Dorsal process (3) coequal in width to cucullus, setose apically. Clasper (4) finger-like, gently curved. Aedeagus with minutely but differentially spinulose patch confined to apex. Vesica without cornuti; subbasal and medial diverticula reduced, with a weakly sclerotized ridge.Female genitalia. Unknown.Immature stages. Unknown.solisae is given in honor of Dr. Alma Solis, lepidopterist at USDA/USNM who has contributed her expertise to the systematics of the Costa Rican lepidopteran fauna for three decades.The name Unknown, collected only in rain forest light traps.Costa Rica, Peru.PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraNoctuidaeGoldsteinsp. n.http://zoobank.org/13EEBE89-A3B2-4B05-93E9-B8181A9B1CC7Type material. . COSTA RICA: HOLOTYPE: \u2640 Voucher: D.H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs DB: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, COSTA RICA, Sector Pitilla: Quebradona, 10.99102, -85.39539, el. 475m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 02/09/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-70737, \u2640 USNM Dissection 148073, USNMENT01370296.10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 10/02/2010, ecl. 11/10/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-73038, \u2640 USNM Dissection148074, USNMENT01438839; Ibid, \u2642 [abdomen missing]; Sector Pitilla: Sendero Rotulo, 11.01355, -85.42406, el. 510m, larva on Elaphoglossumdoanense: 07/10/2010, ecl. 08/17/2010, Manuel Rios, collector, 10-SRNP-31675, USNMENT01438823; COSTA RICA: Turrialba 22-28.II.65 SS & WD Duckworth, \u2642USNM Dissection 148147, USNMENT01370290; Ibid, \u2642USNM Dissection 148149, USNMENT01437186; Ibid, 1-6.III.65, \u2642USNM Dissection 148150, USNMENT01437330; Ibid, \u2642USNM Dissection 148148,USNMENT01438829. Types at USNM.PARATYPES : Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, L.chloe, smaller than L.solisae; upperside pattern intermediate between the two in several respects, sharing the \u0427/\u03bc-shaped stigma of L.solisae rather than the straight/squared reniform of L.reletiva and L.chloe, but with the stigma narrow as in those latter species and not as swollen as in L.solisae. Likewise the overall appearance is more granular than L.solisae but with less conspicuous black edging or black wedges at the postmedial line than in L.chloe or L.reletiva. Hind wing underside with pronounced discal spot, ringed in black in both sexes. Male genitalia: Cucullus terminates in a rounded point, less acutely curved apically than in L.uncifera or L.solisae; inner edge distal to its fusion with finger-like dorsal process curving more gradually beginning in its basal half, the part distal to its articulation with the dorsal lobe the shortest among these three species.Forewing comparable in size but slightly larger on average than that of Head. Antennae setose-ciliate, bifasciculate in males, scaled above with alternating bands of gray  and tan . Frons, vertex and labial palpi scaled with an admixture of white, brown and black, tipped with paler scaling. Eyes smooth.Thorax. Thoracic vestiture chocolate brown. Wings. Forewing length 10.9 mm , average 11.4 mm , 11.0 mm . Forewing dominated by chocolate-brown coloration. Hind wing underside with pronounced discal spot ringed in black in both sexes. Legs. Scaling predominantly grayish brown or purplish gray with an admixture of green especially on the hind femora; a single pair of striped mid-tibial spurs, two pairs on hind-tibiae; three rows of tibial spines on all legs.Abdomen. Vestiture uniformly tannish gray, paler than on thorax.Male genitalia. Similar overall both to L.uncifera and L.solisae. Uncus elongate, widest subapically, upwardly curved with a very small apical point, and bearing ventral setal crest. Tegumen dome-shaped, except its dorsal edge deformed at the base of the uncus. Vinculum a wide V-shape; saccus bluntly rounded. Juxta pentagonal, dorsal edge horizontal; annellar arms fused, hoop-like. Sacculus (1) densely setose, tapered; saccular extension without sclerotized point. Cucullus (2) appears chelicerate, the sclerotized part occupying ~1/3 the overall length, widest medially and arcing gently before tapering to a sharply pointed apex with a subapical tuft of re\u00ebntrant spinelike setae. Dorsal process (3) coequal in width to cucullus, setose apically. Clasper (4) finger-like, gently curved. Uncus with ventral setal crest along distal half. Vesica with small basal secondary lobe. Aedeagus with an elongate sclerotized band of raised granules. Vesica without cornuti; paired and medial subbasal diverticular lobes nipple-like.Female genitalia. Posterior apophyses less than twice as long as anterior apophyses. Lamella antevaginalis invaginated. Colliculum undeveloped. Ductus elongate, narrow as in L.albimixta. Corpus bursae oblong.Immature stages. Known only from images  and Microgrammapercussa (Polypodiaceae). Two reared male and female specimens (10-SRNP-31675 and 10-SRNP-73038) required 22 and 30 days, respectively, from the onset of the pre-pupal stage to adult eclosion.Caterpillars found feeding on foliage of Costa Rican rain forest.L.poolei, comprising two females and a male with a dissociated abdomen, appear conspecific with four male specimens collected by S.S. and W.D. Duckworth in 1965, and cluster closely with both Leucosigmasolisae, known only from two males, and the two specimens referred to L.reletiva.Although the female genitalia are distinctive in the configuration of the ductus, the three recently reared specimens of PageBreakTaxon classificationAnimaliaLepidopteraNoctuidaeGoldsteinsp. n.http://zoobank.org/B2CBD402-81BE-41F7-A55B-FF0046F2DBC9Type material. COSTA RICA : HOLOTYPE \u2642. Voucher: D.H. Janzen & W. Hallwachs DB: http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu Area de Conservacion Guanacaste. Guanacaste: Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 07/19/2010, ecl. 08/16/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-72230, \u2642USNM Dissection 148076, USNMENT01370303 PARATYPES : Males: Sector Pitilla: Calma, 11.00987, -85.39214, el. 412m, 02/11/2010, ecl. 03/12/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-70740, USNMENT01437325, USNM Dissection 148298; Sector Pitilla: Quebradona, 10.99102, -85.39539, el. 475m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 02/04/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-70653, USNMENT01437290 [abd. missing] Females: Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 06/23/2013, ecl. 07/17/2013, Ricardo Calero, collector, 13-SRNP-71023, USNM Dissection 148080, USNMENT01437332; Sector Pitilla: Quebradona, 10.99102, -85.39539, el. 475m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 01/07/2010, ecl. 02/18/2010, Calixto Moraga, collector, 10-SRNP-70113, USNMENT01370292; Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 06/26/2010, ecl. 07/31/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-71934, USNMENT01437312. Types at USNM.COSTA RICA (1\u2642): Golfito 25-28.IV.65 SS & WDD DUCKWORTH, \u2642USNM Dissection 148146, USNMENT01370291 GUATEMALA : Males: Cayuga Guat, June, Schaus and Barnes coll, June, USNM Dissection 41,194, USNMENT01437362; Ibid, April, USNM Dissection 4091, USNMENT01437241 Females: Cayuga, Guat., July, Schaus and Barnes coll, Chytonidiachloristis Schs WT 6.21, USNMENT01437337; GUATEMALA Dept. Suchitepequez Cutotenango 10-20 June 1966 Flint &B Ortiz, USNMENT01437317; Cayuga, Guat, Aug, Schaus and Barness coll, USNMENT01437377 CUBA (2\u2640): Baracoa, Cuba, Collection Wm Schaus, \u2640 genitalia Slide USNM Noc 4092, USNMENT01370281; Ibid, Oct., \u2640 genitalia Slide USNM Noc 4093, USNMENT01437340 MEXICO (1\u2640): MEX: Tmps Gomez Farias 21 III 1981, Nacimiento del Rio Frio, Gillespy & Lara Collectors, USNMENT01437352 PANAMA (1\u2640): Bocas dToro Pan, Apr \u201807, Collection Wm Schaus, USNMENT01437300. Leucosigma by the sharply pointed sclerotized saccular extentions and the elongate cucullus reminiscent of the mandibles of trap-jaw ants (Odontomachus Latreille). Forewing similar to those of L.chloe and L.reletiva, the similarities including the pale apical patch, more variably shaded with green in L.schausi, and the straight/squared reniform, appearing more \u201cpinched\u201d into two trianguloid green wedges in L.schausi. Terminal area of hind wing PageBreakunderside distinctly paler than basal and medial areas but less extensively scaled with green than L.albimixta.Most readily differentiated from other Head. Antennae setose-ciliate, bifasciculate in males, finely scaled above with pinkish tan. Frons, vertex and labial palpi with variously hued brown and tan scales; scaling of the palpi paler underneath and on apical segment. Palps with brown and dark brown scales, paler on apical segment. Eyes sparsely hairy.Thorax. Anterior part of tegulae green. Wings. Forewing length 12.2 mm , average 12.2 mm , 12.8 mm . Pattern elements visible and distinct; variation in hue of brown shading a function of scale density, as the scales are more darkly colored at their tips; U-shaped fusion of reniform-orbicular complex similar to that in L.poolei, above; costal striae at basal, antemedial, and postmedial lines consist of juxtaposed black and white, white distal to black in the basal and postmedial striae and black distal to white in the antemedial stria; outermost costal striae white; postmedial line a series of black crescents enclosing pale brown centers; terminal line a series of more compressed such crescents; apical patch predominantly white with some green shading; underside shading concentrated in costal and especially terminal areas of both wings; lines incomplete, typical of genus. Legs. Most thickly scaled on femora, with mixture of colors similar to those of head predominantly brown and pinkish tan; femoral and tibial scales with an admixture of lime green; a single pair of striped mid-tibial spurs, two pairs on hind-tibiae; three rows of tibial spines on all legs.Abdomen. Vestiture uniform pale gray, more or less concolorous with hind wings; slightly darker ventrally.Male genitalia. Uncus elongate, widest subapically, upwardly curved with a conspicuous apical point, and bearing ventral crest of short setae. Tegumen dome-shaped, with its dorsal edge deformed at the base of the uncus. Vinculum shallow; saccus bluntly rounded. Juxta pentagonal, dorsal edge horizontal; annellar arms fused, hoop-like. Sacculus (1) tapering to a heavily sclerotized point; costal lobe of sacculus densely setose. Cucullus (2) elongate, straight for much of its length but curving apically to a point, with an expanded subapical setal patch. Adjoining dorsal process (3) setose, undifferentiated, coequal in width to cucullus. Clasper (4) elongate, thorn-like or gently sinuate, rendering the valvae with three pair of sharply pointed structures. Aedeagus with an elongate sclerotized band of raised granules. Vesica without cornuti; a small patch of granular spinules evident basad; subbasal diverticulum recurved, appearing trilobate, with medial diverticular \u201cnipple\u201d and a weakly sclerotized C-shaped ridge.Female genitalia. Posterior apophyses less than twice as long as anterior apophyses. Lamella antevaginalis invaginate. Colliculum well developed. Ductus robust, opening to corpus bursae wide. Corpus bursae subtriangulate when distended.Immature stages. Known from images of reared specimens , USDA entomologist and curator at USNM who described both Chytonidia, herein synonymized with Leucosigma, and the genus Lophomyra, also associated with ferns.The name Microgrammapercussa (Polypodiaceae) in ACG. Six reared specimens required an average of 22.5 days between the onset of the prepupal stage to adult eclosion.Caterpillars found feeding on foliage of rain forest Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama.terminalia in situ); Female genitalia: Fig. . Figs ACG; all may represent variation within L.schausi, but because they bear minor genitalic differences consistent with barcodes that differ minimally (a single base pair) from those of L.schausi, the possibility that they represent a cryptic species remains open. The male genitalia differ slightly from those of L.schausi in the reduced sclerotized point at the apex of saccular extension. If in fact they prove to be distinct, they would be similar to the species pair Neoxeniadesluda and Neoxeniadespluviasilva (Hesperiidae), which co-occur at ACG and differ by only one base pair in their DNA barcode and very slight genitalic differences (L.schausi\u201d: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (2\u2642): \u2642, Dajabon Province 13km S. Roma de Cabrera ca. 400m, 20\u201322 May 1973 Don & Mignon Davis, \u2642 USNM Dissection 148142, USNMENT01370285; \u2642 Ibid, \u2642 USNM Dissection 148297, USNMENT01437231, Male genitalia imaged in situ : [\u2642] Guanacaste: Sector Pitilla: Estacion Quica, 10.99697, -85.39666, el. 470m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 11/03/2010, ecl. 12/12/2010, Ricardo Calero, collector, 10-SRNP-73224, USNMENT0105325; [\u2642] Alajuela: Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Jacobo, 10.94076, -85.3177, el. 461m, larva on Microgrammapercussa: 01/17/2011, ecl. 02/14/2011, Edwin Apu, collector, 11-SRNP-69183, USNM Dissection 148075, USNMENT01438819; [\u2640] Alajuela: Sector Rincon Rain Forest: Estacion Caribe, 10.90187, -85.27495, el. 415m, larva on Campyloneurumlatum, 12/04/2011, Jorge Hernandez, collector, 11-SRNP-44977, USNM Dissection 148079, USNMENT01370288 7224.Several specimens from the Dominican Republic bear similarities to a subset of those reared from ferences . It was itu Figs . COSTA RPageBreakChytonidia with Leucosigma is straightforward; the circumscription of species boundaries perhaps less so. The predominance of female types among species in the L.chloe complex  is unfortunate given the predominance of conspicuous diagnostic features in males. The identification of modern Costa Rican material as conspecific with L.reletiva was made in the absence of historical specimens of males and of barcode data from the female holotype; if that determination is incorrect, then L.reletiva is likely another synonym of L.chloe and the male Costa Rican specimens will represent an undescribed species. Likewise, the pairing of an exclusively female sample of L.poolei with an exclusively male series of museum specimens is justified primarily on the basis of wing pattern, and our selection of a female holotype in this case draws from the fact that the specimen is accompanied both by barcode and rearing data.The synonymy of Leucosigma remain undescribed, probably including at least one within the L.uncifera complex. Provisional (neighbor-joining) analyses of DNA barcode data corroborated the unity of Leucosigma and Chytonidia by virtue of the proximity of Costa Rican L.uncifera to species of Chytonidia, as did a partial sequence of the holotype of L.uncifera when analyzed against a sample of 1,355 noctuid specimens that inlcuded all the available known fern feeders. Since no single mitochondrial marker would be considered an adequate foundation for phylogenetic inference regardless of the analysis, we interpret analyses of COI data with caution (particularly beyond the level of closely related species), but with that said, we also note that the available barcode data are consistent with the hypothesis of Leucosigma monophyly delineated here.No doubt that several species of Leucosigma to the smaller of Schaus\u2019 pteridivorous genera Lophomyra bears on our interpretation of the collective diet breadths of each, and to whether structures such as the clustered setae on the uncus in Leucosigmaviridipicta represents a symplesiomorphous condition homologous to that in Lophomyra.Among the more intriguing morphological features are those surrounding the male clasping architecture, specifically the complex of variously sclerotized lobes and the associated arrangement of setal tufts. The possible function of these tufts as courtship structures bears further study, as do the mechanics of the unusually elaborate clasping appendages themselves. The as yet undetermined phylogenetic proximity of ACG and elsewhere in the Neotropics, the phylogenetic or taxonomic breadth of host plants recorded for Leucosigma is quite narrow, restricted to Polypodiales and specifically the families Polypodiaceae and Dryopteridaceae. These represent the two most widely recorded families among Neotropical pteridivorous noctuid genera at ACG, most of which are known from a much broader range of fern families. The effort to document hostplant associations of Neotropical caterpillars supplements our understanding of unusual genera and of the distribution of fern-feeding. Although less biologically rare than previously supposed, pteridivory appears to be phylogenetically PageBreaklocalized in a small number of Lepidoptera groups whose relationships remain unresolved. Beyond pinpointing these organisms\u2019 taxonomic placement, it is likely that a better sampling of genomic data and a more systematic adducement of larval characters will contribute to our understanding of tribal and subfamilial boundaries. Likewise, the non-random distribution of recorded fern hosts across noctuid genera raises a number of specific, testable questions surrounding the evolution of diet breadth, and specifically the origins of pteridivory as perhaps a derived outcome of detritivory, moss- and lichen-eating.In comparison with other noctuid genera now known to comprise fern-feeding species at PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreak"}
{"text": "AbstractPorifera collected in the Ross Sea, mainly in the Terra Nova Bay area, and curated at the Italian National Antarctic Museum . Specimens were collected in 331 different sampling stations at depths ranging from 17 to 1,100 meters in the framework of 17 different Italian Antarctic expeditions funded by the Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA). A total of 807 specimens, belonging to 144 morphospecies  is included in the dataset. Nearly half (45%) of the species reported here correspond to species already known for Terra Nova Bay. Out of the remaining 55% previously unknown records, under a third (~29%) were classified at the species level, while over a quarter (~26%) were ascribed to the genus level only and these would require further study. All vouchers are permanently curated at the MNA and are available for study to the scientific community. A 3D model of an uncommon species from the Ross Sea, i.e. Tethyopsisbrondstedi , is also presented and will be made available for outreach purposes.This new dataset presents occurrence data for  This sponge collection has been progressively growing each year, with new collections of specimens at each expedition of the Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA) in the Terra Nova Bay area. These specimens have been studied and exchanged among different researchers for comparisons and publications for years, they represented the base of a PhD thesis  in 2010. Since then the sponge collection has been restored, crosschecked for distributional data with the original labels, matched with a collection of permanent glass slides of spicules and updated in terms of taxonomy or new identifications of specimens.Since the very beginning of the Italian expeditions in the Ross Sea, which started in 1985, sponges have been one of the most studied taxa, due both to the high number of species found in the Terra Nova Bay area  in the Ross Sea.This study aims at publishing and valorising occurrence data of the in situ, or freshly collected.This collection is amongst the largest for Antarctic sponges and despite it being mainly focused on the Terra Nova Bay area, it represents a unicum given the amount of permanent glass slides with spicules available and the large database of images of sponges documented MNA contribution to the Antarctic Biodiversity Portal (www.biodiversity.aq), which is the thematic Antarctic node for both the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (AntOBIS) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (ANTABIF), based on materials stored at the MNA. The previous contributions were: This distributional dataset is the fifth Project title: Antarctic Porifera in the collection of the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA)Curator and Promoter: Stefano SchiaparelliPersonnel: Claudio Ghiglione, Maria Chiara Alvaro, Matteo Cecchetto, Simonepietro Canese, Rachel Downey, Alice Guzzi, Claudio Mazzoli, Paola Piazza, Hans Tore Rapp, Antonio Sar\u00e0, Stefano SchiaparelliFunding: The specimens were collected during different Antarctic expeditions funded by the Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA). The complete list of research projects is reported here :Necton e risorse da pesca 2.1.4.6, III expedition (1987/1988)\u2022 Oceanografia & Benthos 2.1.4.3, III expedition (1987/1988)\u2022 Benthos 3.2.1.2.5, V expedition (1989/1990)\u2022 Oceanografia geologica 3.2.1.4, V expedition (1989/1990)\u2022 Ecologia e biogeochimica dell\u2019Oceano Meridionale 2d.2, IX expedition (1993/1994)\u2022 Ecologia e biogeochimica dell\u2019Oceano Meridionale 2d.2, X expedition (1994/1995)\u2022 Ecologia e biogeochimica dell\u2019Oceano Meridionale \u2013 ROSSMIZE 2d.2, XI expedition (1995/1996)\u2022 Ecologia e biogeochimica dell\u2019Oceano Meridionale 2b.3, XIII expedition (1997/1998)\u2022 Struttura e dinamica delle cenosi marine di Baia Terra Nova 2b.3.1, XIV expedition (1998/1999)\u2022 L\u2019area marina protetta di Baia Terra Nova: struttura e variazioni a breve e lungo termine 8.5, XV expedition (1999/2000)\u2022 Processi genetici e significato paleoclimatico e paleoceanografico dei CARBONati marini biogenici in ANTartide \u2013 CARBONANT 4.7, XVII expedition (2001/2002)\u2022 L\u2019area marina protetta di Baia Terra Nova: struttura e variazioni a breve e lungo termine 8.5, XVII expedition (2001/2002)\u2022 The costal ecosystem of Victoria Land coast: distribution and structure along the latitudinal gradient 2002/8.6, XVIII expedition (2002/2003)\u2022 The costal ecosystem of Victoria Land coast: distribution and structure along the latitudinal gradient 2002/8.6, XIX expedition (2003/2004)\u2022 Batteri e cianobatteri antartici: biodiversit\u00e0 e produzione di composti con potenzialit\u00e0 applicative in biotecnologia 2004/1.6, XX expedition (2004/2005)\u2022 Variabilit\u00e0 della ventilazione polare abissale e suo impatto sulla circolazione globale \u2013 PolarDOVE 2004/8.2, XXI expedition (2005/2006)\u2022 L\u2019ecosistema costiero di Baia Terra Nova \u2013 Latitudinal Gradient Project 2006/08.01, XXV expedition (2009/2010)\u2022 Ecologia e ciclo vitale di specie ittiche costiere del Mare di Ross 2004/08.04, XXV expedition (2009/2010)\u2022 Barcoding of Antarctic Marine Biodiversity \u2013 BAMBi 2010/A1.10, XXVII expedition (2011/2012)\u2022 Diversit\u00e0 genetica spazio temporale di endoparassiti delle regioni polari: uno studio per la valutazione dell\u2019impatto dei cambiamenti globali sulle reti trofiche marine 2009/A1.09, XXVIII expedition (2012/2013)\u2022 Barcoding of Antarctic Marine Biodiversity \u2013 BAMBi 2010/A1.10, XXVIII expedition (2012/2013)\u2022 Vulnerabilit\u00e0 dei pesci polari al cambiamento climatico: ciclo vitale, habitats e relazione con il ghiaccio marino in Pleuragramma antarcticum 2010/A1.11, XXVIII expedition (2012/2013)\u2022 Barcoding of Antarctic Marine Biodiversity \u2013 BAMBi 2010/A1.10, XXIX expedition (2013/2014)\u2022 Integrit\u00e0 dell\u2019ecosistema marino antartico come presupposto per lo studio dell\u2019interazione parassita-ospite: un approccio genetico, molecolare ed immunologico 2013/AZ1.09, XXIX expedition (2013/2014)\u2022 Study area description: The specimens were collected in the Ross Sea sector of the Southern Ocean in a bathymetric range from 17 to 1,100 meters of depth . The samples were collected in the framework of several expeditions of the Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA) from 1987 to 2014.Method step description: See sampling description below and flowchart of Fig. Study extent description: The distributional data considered here originated from 331 different sampling stations ranging between 17 and 1,100 metres of depth , MNA 8847) the specimen was collected beached and sampling coordinates refer to the coastline. In another case, i.e., Lycopodinacf.vaceleti  and according to the SCAR-MarBIN Data Toolkit (available at http://www.scarmarbin.be/documents/SM-FATv1.zip). The dataset was uploaded in the ANTOBIS database .The present dataset has been formatted in order to fulfil the Darwin Core standard protocol required by the OBIS scheme (Vouchers are now preserved in 90% ethanol (~53% of the entire collection), frozen ~23%), or dried (~24%). The data flow chart illustrating the sampling, sorting, and storing procedures for specimens, data, and image availability is reported in Fig. 3%, or drQuality control description: Specimens were identified at the finest possible taxonomic resolution and only those that have been classified at least at the genus level were included in the present dataset. During all the phases of sorting, classification, and storage of samples at the MNA, quality control and data cleaning have been undertaken at various stages in order to produce high quality data and make consistent cross-references between the database and sample labels. The MNA uses an SQL-based database (Specify 6) and a R-Shiny web application to manage its collections and link all the data  to the physical samples.MNA, all the specimens and distributional records were rechecked and then imported in the museum database. During this phase it emerged that only ~75% of the Porifera collection fulfilled the expected minimum set of data fields to be included in GBIF. The remaining ~25% of the material present in the MNA collection can be divided in a ~7%, represented by material not yet classified, and another ~18% represented by old materials that cannot be ascribed to a specific sampling station due to missing labels or incomplete information about sampling.Due to the large amount of researchers that managed the material before the acquisition of the collection by the Georeferencing on board each of the different research vessels is based on the interpolation of GPS satellite receivers and a gyrocompass. Station coordinates and sampling events were recorded during sampling activities based on various GPS systems.General taxonomic coverage description: This dataset focuses on all classes  of the Phylum Porifera , and includes a total of 807 specimens belonging to 144 morphospecies (with 95 taxa classified at species level and 49 at genus level), and representing 12 orders and 30 families .Permanent glass slides with the spicules are available for ~88% of the species of the Plakinamonolopha Schulze, 1880, MNA 1715, MNA 1753; Plakinatrilopha Schulze, 1880, MNA 1504; Euryponminiaceum Thiele, 1905, MNA 9106), there is no voucher and only glass slides with spicules are available. Another species, i.e., Lycopodinacf.vaceleti , is without a MNA collection code, as it was identified from an ROV video frame  oxeata Topsent, 1916 (MNA 8244), the specimen record was obtained by using the ROV arms  joubini  with voucher MNA 928; Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) nobilis  with voucher MNA 863) were previously published in other manuscripts , MNA 2839) which was previously sampled as a single specimen during the Terra Nova expedition in 1910, in the eastern sector of the Ross Sea, in particular in the regions of McMurdo Sound and Terra Nova Bay and at depth range of 402-965 meters , Leucettidae sp.1 (NR), Leucettaantarctica (NR), Megapogonraripilus (NR), Sycettaantarctica (NR)Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: PoriferaClass: DemospongiaeOrders: Axinellida, Bubarida, Dendroceratida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, Polymastiida, Suberitida, TetractinellidaFamilies: Acarnidae, Ancorinidae, Bubaridae, Chalinidae, Cladorhizidae, Coelosphaeridae, Crellidae, Darwinellidae, Dendoricellidae, Halichondriidae, Hymedesmiidae, Isodictyidae, Latrunculiidae, Microcionidae, Mycalidae, Myxillidae, Niphatidae, Phloedictyidae, Polymastiidae, Raspailiidae, Stylocordylidae, Suberitidae, Tedaniidae, TetillidaeGenera: Acanthorhabdus, Antarctotetilla, Artemisina, Asbestopluma, Bubaris, Calyx, Cinachyra, Clathria, Crella, Dendrilla, Eurypon, Fibulia, Halichondria, Haliclona, Haliclonissa, Hemigellius, Homaxinella, Hymeniacidon, Inflatella, Iophon, Isodictya, Kirkpatrickia, Latrunculia, Lissodendoryx, Lycopodina, Microxina, Mycale, Myxilla, Myxodoryx, Phorbas, Plicatellopsis, Plocamionida, Polymastia, Pseudosuberites, Sphaerotylus, Stylocordyla, Suberites, Tedania, TethyopsisSpecies: Acanthorhabdusfragilis (NR), Antarctotetillaleptoderma, Artemisinaapollinis (NR), Artemisinacf.tubulosa, Artemisina sp.1 (NR), Artemisinatubulosa, Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) belgicae, Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) sp. (NR), Bubariscf.vermiculata (NR), Bubarisvermiculata (NR), Calyxarcuarius, Calyxcf.arcuarius, Calyxcf.kerguelensis (NR), Cinachyraantarctica (NR), Cinachyrabarbata, Cinachyracf.antarctica (NR), Cinachyracf.barbata, Cinachyra sp.1 (NR), Clathria (Axosuberites) nidificata, Clathria (Clathria) cf.toxipraedita, Clathria (Clathria) toxipraedita, Clathria (Microciona) antarctica (NR), Clathria  flabellata (NR), Crella (Crella) aurantiaca (NR), Crella (Pytheas) stylifera (NR), Dendrillamembranosa, Euryponminiaceum, Fibuliacribriporosa (NR), Fibuliamaeandrina (NR), Halichondria  panicea (NR), Haliclona (Gellius) cf.flagellifera (NR), Haliclona (Gellius) cf.glacialis (NR), Haliclona (Gellius) cf.spongiosa (NR), Haliclona (Gellius) glacialis (NR), Haliclona (Gellius) tylotoxa (NR), Haliclona  cf.penicillata, Haliclona  penicillata, Haliclona (Rhizoniera) cf.dancoi, Haliclonacf.divulgata (NR), Haliclonacf.scotti (NR), Haliclona (Rhizoniera) dancoi, Haliclonadivulgata (NR), Haliclona (Soestella) cf.chilensis (NR), Haliclona sp. (NR), Haliclona sp.1 (NR), Haliclona sp.2 (NR), Haliclona sp.3 (NR), Haliclona sp.4 (NR), Haliclonavirens (NR), Haliclonissaverrucosa (NR), Hemigelliusbidens (NR), Hemigelliuscalyx (NR), Hemigelliuscf.fimbriatus, Hemigelliusfimbriatus, Hemigelliuspilosus, Homaxinellabalfourensis, Homaxinellacf.balfourensis, Homaxinellacf.flagelliformis, Homaxinellaflagelliformis, Hymeniacidoninsutus (NR), Inflatellabelli, Inflatellacf.coelosphaeroides (NR), Inflatella sp.1 (NR), Iophonterranovae, Iophonunicorne, Isodictyaconulosa, Isodictyaerinacea, Isodictyakerguelenensis, Isodictyamicrochela (NR), Isodictyasetifera, Isodictya sp.1 (NR), Isodictya sp.2 (NR), Isodictyatoxophila (NR), Kirkpatrickiacoulmani (NR), Kirkpatrickiavariolosa, Latrunculia (Latrunculia) biformis, Lissodendoryx sp.1 (NR), Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) anacantha (NR), Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) antarctica, Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) minuta, Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) nobilis, Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) ramilobosa, Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) flabellata, Lycopodinacf.vaceleti (NR), Microxinabenedeni, Microxinacf.simplex (NR), Microxinacharcoti, Microxinalanceolata, Microxinasarai, Microxinasimplex (NR), Microxina sp.1 (NR), Mycale (Aegogropila) denticulata (NR), Mycale (Aegogropila) magellanica, Mycale  tridens, Mycale  acerata, Mycalefibrosa, Mycale sp.1 (NR), Myxilla (Burtonanchora) asigmata, Myxilla (Myxilla) elongata, Myxilla (Myxilla) mollis (NR), Myxilla sp.1 (NR), Myxodoryxcf.hanitschi, Myxodoryxhanitschi, Phorbasglaberrimus, Phorbasnexus (NR), Plicatellopsisantarctica, Plocamionidagaussiana (NR), Polymastiainvaginata, Pseudosuberitesmontiniger, Pseudosuberitesnudus, Sphaerotylusantarcticus, Stylocordylacf.chupachups, Stylocordylachupachups, Suberitescaminatus, Suberitesmollis (NR), Suberites sp.1 (NR), Tedania (Tedaniopsis) cf.charcoti, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) charcoti, Tedania (Tedaniopsis) massa (NR), Tedania (Tedaniopsis) oxeata (NR), Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula, Tedania sp.1 (NR), Trachytedaniaspinata (NR), Tethyopsisbrondstedi (NR)Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: PoriferaClass: HexactinellidaOrder: LyssacinosidaFamily: RossellidaeGenera: Anoxycalyx, RossellaSpecies: Anoxycalyx (Scolymastra) joubini, Rossellaantarctica (NR), Rossellacf.antarctica (NR), Rossellacf.longstaffi (NR), Rossellacf.villosa (NR), Rossellafibulata (NR), Rossellalevis (NR), Rossellanuda (NR), Rossellacf.nuda (NR), Rossellaracovitzae (NR), Rossella sp.1 (NR), Rossella sp.2 (NR), Rossella sp.3 (NR)Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: PoriferaClass: HomoscleromorphaOrder: HomosclerophoridaFamily: PlakinidaeGenus: PlakinaSpecies: Plakinamonolopha, PlakinatrilophaGeneral geographic description:Ross Sea, Antarctica Figs , 3, 4, 5Coordinates:PNRA III expedition: -74.64833, -74.96667; 164.00000, 164.61167PNRA V expedition: -74.63450, -74.90400; 164.02433, 164.47500PNRA IX expedition: -74.71667, -75.76333; 164.04280, 164.19058PNRA X expedition: -74.68557, -74.89367; 163.78557, 164.14752PNRA XI expedition: -74.66833, -74.78333; 164.03333, 164.29167PNRA XIII expedition: -74.71357, 164.13772PNRA XIV expedition: -74.69405, -74.89950; 163.93748, 164.28620PNRA XV expedition: -74.69667, -74.77658; 164.05327, 164.12868PNRA XVII expedition: -72.51267, -76.76817; 164.09721, 179.50533PNRA XVIII expedition: -77.56570, 163.61163PNRA XIX expedition: -71.30667, -72.28667; 170.29833, 170.48667PNRA XX expedition: -74.63347, -74.80570; 164.00194, 164.98583PNRA XXI expedition: -74.69667, 164.08000PNRA XXV expedition: -74.69027, -74.70348; 164.10255, 164.13762PNRA XXVII expedition: -74.68562, -74.71337; 164.03502, 164.14903PNRA XXVIII expedition: -74.68090, -74.77737; 163.95400, 164.23640PNRA XXIX expedition: -74.68602, -74.72242; 164.03486, 164.24206Temporal coverage:PNRA III expedition: January 6, 1988 - February 2, 1988PNRA V expedition: December 24, 1989 - February 1, 1990PNRA IX expedition: December 27, 1993 - January 29, 1994PNRA X expedition: January 21, 1995 - February 8, 1995PNRA XI expedition: February 5, 1996 - February 8, 1996PNRA XIII expedition: February 19, 1998PNRA XIV expedition: January 6, 1999 - March 3, 1999PNRA XV expedition: January 25, 2000 - April 25, 2000PNRA XVII expedition: January 8, 2002 - February 7, 2002PNRA XVIII expedition: November 11, 2002PNRA XIX expedition: February 14, 2004 - February 16, 2004PNRA XX expedition: January 17, 2005 - February 11, 2005PNRA XXI expedition: January 23, 2006PNRA XXV expedition: December 13, 2009 - January 11, 2010PNRA XXVII expedition: January 10, 2012 - February 3, 2012PNRA XXVIII expedition: January 9, 2013 - January 31, 2013PNRA XXIX expedition: January 16, 2014 - February 1, 2014Parent collection identifier: Italian National Antarctic Museum Collection name: Porifera collection of the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA) - DataSpecimen preservation method: Part of the material collected during the expeditions was fixed in formalin and then transferred in ethanol (samples between 1985 and 2006), or was frozen immediately after collection and kept in the same condition in order to preserve the DNA quality and integrity. All samples are now stored in the collections of the Italian National Antarctic Museum .Virtual collection of vouchers and 3D models: The species used in the 3D model, Tethyopsisbrondstedi   and on Sketchfab (https://sketchfab.com/MNA). The species chosen for the model corresponded to one of the few specimens collected in the Ross Sea area after the species description (The model of the sponge was obtained through micro-CT imaging performed at the Department of Geosciences (University of Padova) by CM. A bench-top Skyscan 1172 micro-CT system (Bruker\u00ae), equipped with a Hamamatsu 100/250 microfocus X-ray source  and a Hamamatsu C9300 11 megapixel camera (with a pixel size of 8.68 \u03bcm) filtered by a 0.5 mm Aluminium foil was used. Projection images were acquired with 1200 ms exposure time, 2x2 binning mode, 0.30\u00b0 rotation step over 360\u00b0 rotation, averaged over 10 frames and in vertical random movement mode to minimise noise, providing an image pixel size of 13.2 \u03bcm. An oversized sample option was applied with 4 connected scans, leading to a total acquisition time of about 1170 min. Post-acquisition reconstruction was performed using the NRecon (Bruker microCT\u00ae) software package, starting from raw projection images, and applying thermal correction, misalignment compensation, ring artefact reduction and beam hardening correction. Segmentation was then performed with CT Analyser (Bruker microCT\u00ae) software package, using a 3D adaptive thresholding procedure  within spherical kernels of radius 8 pixels, starting from a pre-determined pre-thresholding value. Resulting images were saved as monochrome (1 bit) bitmaps and imported in the CTVox (Bruker microCT\u00ae) software package to perform 3D rendering and animations. The model will be available on the cription .Dataset description: This dataset contains data about all four classes  of the Phylum Porifera, based on vouchers from the Ross Sea  curated at the MNA. In total, the dataset includes 144 different morphospecies, and a total of 807 specimens. Several studies were based on this dataset: http://www.marinespecies.org; last check made on 2018-03-28). The Darwin Core elements included in the dataset are: ID, Institution code (i.e. the name of the institution where the samples are kept), basis of record, occurrence ID, catalogue number , individual count, preparation , event ID , sampling protocol (sampling gear), event date, year, month, day, verbatim event date, field number (sampling station code as showed in the maps), event remarks , maximum depth meters, decimal latitude, decimal longitude, taxon ID, scientific name ID, scientific name, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, subgenus, specificEpithet, infraspecificEpithet, scientific name authorship, and taxon remarks. Some of the sampling stations are dredge stations, which have two sets of coordinates: the starting and end points. In these cases the coordinates reported in the dataset refer to the starting point of the dredge station.Object name: Porifera collection of the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA) - DataCharacter encoding: UTF-8Format name: Darwin Core Archive formatFormat version: 1.0Distribution: http://ipt.biodiversity.aq/resource.do?r=mna_antarctic_poriferaLanguage: EnglishMetadata language: EnglishLicense of use: This dataset [Porifera collection of the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA) - Data] is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY) 4.0: http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcodeDate of metadata creation: 2018-03-28Hierarchy level: Dataset"}
{"text": "BMJ Global Health 2018;3:e000964. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000964Ochalek J, Lomas J, Claxton K. Estimating health opportunity costs in low-income and middle-income countries: a novel approach and evidence from cross-country data. The license type for this paper has changed from CC BY-NC to CC BY."}
{"text": "Expanding the single-visit approach for cervical cancer prevention: successes and lessons from Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):288\u2013298. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00328Harvey SA. Observe before you leap: why observation provides critical insights for formative research and intervention design that you'll never get from focus groups, Interviews, or KAP urveys. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):299\u2013316. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00471. (French translation of the abstract added)Koffi TB, Weidert K, Ouro Bitasse E, et al. Engaging men in family planning: perspectives from married men in Lom\u00e9, Togo. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):317\u2013329. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00440Subramanian L, Simon C, Daniel EE. Increasing contraceptive use among young married couples in Bihar, India: evidence from a decade of implementation of the PRACHAR Project. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):330\u2013344. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00290Sarma S, Nemser B, Cole-Lewis H, et al. Effectiveness of SMS technology on timely community health worker follow-up for childhood malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):345\u2013355. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00427Marks KJ, Luthringer CL, Ruth LJ, et al. Review of grain fortification legislation, standards, and monitoring documents. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):356\u2013371. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417. (French translation of the abstract added)Ndiaye K, Portillo E, Ouedraogo D, Mobley A, Babalola S. High-risk advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy: tackling a neglected need through formative research and action. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):372\u2013383. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00318Kheang T, Lin MA, Lwin S, et al. Malaria case detection among mobile populations and migrant workers in Myanmar: comparison of 3 service delivery approaches. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):384\u2013389. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00012Choi Y, Short Fabic M. Monitoring progress in equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of meeting demand for family planning. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):390\u2013401. We have added French translations of the abstracts for a number of articles from the June 2018 issue  in which the content focused on countries where the official language is French. This has affected the page numbering of these and subsequent articles. The new citations are as follows:"}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct name is: Xiaoyi Feng. The correct citation is: Feng J, Feng X, Zhang N, Peng J (2018) An improved collaborative filtering method based on similarity. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0204003."}
{"text": "Sepidiini darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae), and their available synonyms. For each name, the author, year, and page number of the description are provided, with additional information  depending on the taxon rank. Verified distributional records (loci typici and data acquired from revisionary publications) for all the species are gathered. Distribution of the subtribes is illustrated and discussed.This catalogue includes all valid family-group (six subtribes), genus-group , and species-group names (1009 species and subspecies) of Phanerotomea Koch, 1958  and Parmularia Koch, 1955  are new synonyms .Several new nomenclatural acts are included. The generic names Ocnodesacuductusacuductus , O.acuductusufipanus , O.adamantinus , O.argenteofasciatus , O.arnoldiarnoldi , O.arnoldisabianus , O.barbosai , O.basilewskyi , O.bellmarleyi , O.benguelensis , O.bertolonii , O.blandus , O.brevicornis , O.brunnescensbrunnescens , O.brunnescensmolestus , O.buccinator , O.bushmanicus , O.carbonarius , O.cardiopterus , O.cataractus , O.cinerarius , O.complanatus , O.confertus , O.congruens , O.cordiventris , O.crocodilinus , O.dimorphus , O.distinctus , O.dolosus , O.dorsocostatus , O.dubiosus , O.ejectus , O.epronoticus , O.erichsoni , O.ferreiraeferreirae , O.ferreiraezulu , O.fettingi , O.fistucans , O.fraternus , O.freyi , O.freudei , O.fulgidus , O.funestus , O.gemmeulus , O.gibberosulus , O.gibbus , O.globosus , O.granisterna , O.granulosicollis , O.gridellii , O.gueriniguerini , O.guerinilawrencii , O.guerinimancus (Koch 1954), O.haemorrhoidalishaemorrhoidalis , O.haemorrhoidalissalubris , O.heydeni , O.humeralis , O.humerangula , O.imbricatus , O.imitatorimitator , O.imitatorinvadens , O.inflatus , O.janssensi , O.javeti , O.junodi , O.kulzeri , O.lacustris , O.laevigatus , O.lanceolatus , O.licitus , O.luctuosus , O.luxurosus , O.maputoensis , O.marginicollis , O.martinsi , O.melleus , O.mendicusestermanni , O.mendicusmendicus , O.miles , O.mimeticus , O.misolampoides , O.mixtus , O.monacha , O.montanus , O.mozambicus , O.muliebriscurtus , O.muliebrismuliebris , O.muliebrissilvestris , O.nervosus , O.notatum , O.notaticollis , O.odorans , O.opacus , O.osbecki , O.overlaeti , O.ovulus , O.pachysomaornata , O.pachysomapachysoma , O.papillosus , O.pedator , O.perlucidus , O.planus , O.pretorianus , O.procursus , O.protectus , O.punctatissimus , O.puncticollis , O.punctipennisplanisculptus , O.punctipennispunctipennis , O.punctipleura , O.rhodesianus , O.roriferus , O.rufipes , O.saltuarius , O.scabricollis , O.scopulipes , O.scrobicollisgriqua , O.scrobicollissimulans , O.semirasus , O.semiscabrum , O.sericicollis , O.similis , O.sjoestedti , O.spatulipes , O.specularis , O.spinigerus , O.stevensoni , O.tarsocnoides , O.temulentus , O.tenebrosusmelanarius , O.tenebrosustenebrosus , O.tibialis , O.torosus , O.transversicollis , O.tumidus , O.umvumanus , O.vagus , O.vaticinus , O.verecundus , O.vetustus , O.vexator , O.virago , O.warmeloi , O.zanzibaricus , Psammophanesantinorii , and P.mirei .The following new combinations are proposed: Ocnodes F\u00e5hraeus, 1870 , Psammodophysis P\u00e9ringuey, 1899 , and Trachynotidus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899 .The type species [placed in square brackets] of the following genus-group taxa are designated for the first time, Histrionotusomercooperi Koch, 1955 in order to fix its taxonomic status. Ulamus Kami\u0144ski is introduced here as a replacement name for Echinotus Marwick, 1935  (Mollusca: Pteriidae) to avoid homonymy with Echinotus Solier, 1843 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).A lectotype is designated for  Sepidiini Eschscholtz, 1829 are a diverse tribe of ground-dwelling darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) of the subfamily Pimeliinae Latreille, 1802  are commonly known for their tapping behaviour , which accounts for their vernacular name, the \u201ctoktokkies\u201d , the largest (~ 80.0 mm) currently known tenebrionid species ,anterior margin of postgenae with a maxillary ridge or emargination ,antennae with eleven segments ,mesocoxae, in vast majority of cases, with visible trochantin  ,large scutellum, extending across entire width of mesothoracic peduncle , andelytral base without vertical articulation face (the pronotum consequently freely movable on scutellum). Doyen (1994) also noted that in many Sepidiini the abdominal-sternal interlocking mechanism is different from all other Pimeliinae with the epipleural edge of the elytron overlapping the expanded sternite edge, rather than dovetailing into a groove.Sepidiini was published by Molurini and Sepidiini. No subtribal classification was proposed. After Gebien\u2019s catalogue (1937a) more than 50 contributions were published on the taxonomy, nomenclature, and classification of today\u2019s Sepidiini (see references). This includes descriptions of more than 400 species, reinterpretation of extremely diverse genera , fusion of the former tribes Molurini and Sepidiini , since their unusual \u201cdescriptions\u201d were incorporated in remarks concerning other taxa. Furthermore, the taxonomic affiliation of many genera and species is uncertain because of ambiguous remarks made by the contributors, see notes in the catalogue below.From the strictly formal point of view, the validity of many names introduced after 1937 remained questionable  was used in the original publication  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)Argenticrinishaackei Louw, 1979: 101 Type data. Holotype (British Museum)Psammodesinquinatus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 292 Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Notes.dollmani Penrith, 1986: 64Type data. Holotype (British Museum) and paratype (Ditsong Museum)longantennatus Penrith, 1986: 62Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Windhoek Museum)torridus Penrith, 1986: 62Type data. Holotype (British Museum) and paratypes wittei Penrith, 1986: 66Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes Type species.Psammodesdebilis P\u00e9ringuey, 1899 australis Penrith, 1986: 81Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes debilis  Psammodes Type data. Lectotype, designated by delicata Penrith, 1986: 77Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratypes insularis  Trachynotidus Type data. Lectotype, designated by oblonga  Sepidium Type data. Holotype oograbiensis Koch, 1962b: 118Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Cape Museum)serratina Koch, 1962b: 119Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes vaga  Trachynotidus Type data. Lectotype, designated by Type species.Hypomelusbicolor Solier, 1843 ; syn. of Helopsperonatus Germar, 1823Notes. Interpreted as a subgenus of Psammodes for a long time .basalis  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Note. A detailed morphological description was provided by inaequalis Solier, 1843: 98Type data. Holotype (Torino Museum \u2013 Spinola coll.)Hypomelusflagrans P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 273 = Psammodesdentipennis= Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)interstitialis  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Note. A detailed morphological description was provided by obliquatus Solier, 1843: 97Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum \u2013 Gory collection)Hypomelussabulosus Solier, 1843: 308 Type data. Syntypes Oxurapsammodioides Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1834: 20 Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by reflexus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by servus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 294Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)setosocostatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by villosocostatus Solier, 1843: 98Type data. Holotype (Torino Museum \u2013 Spinola coll.)vulpinus  Psammodes Psammodeshirtipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 92 = Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)Type species.Iugidorsumcumstriis Louw, 1979 cumstriiscumstriis Louw, 1979: 106Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratypes (Windhoek Museum and Ditsong Museum)cumstriismagnum Louw, 1979: 106Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Windhoek Museum)cumstriisprominens Louw, 1979: 106Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)sinestriis Louw, 1979: 107Type data. Holotype and paratype (Windhoek Museum)Type species.Sulcipectuslevis Louw, 1979 cumcavus Louw, 1979: 113Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Windhoek Museum)levis Louw, 1979: 110Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Windhoek Museum)Type species.Psammodesthoreyi Haag-Rutenberg, 1871 (here designated)Clinocranionalstoni P\u00e9ringuey, 1885 and Psammodesthoreyi Haag-Rutenberg, 1871 as type species. According to the regulations of Psammodesthoreyi Haag-Rutenberg, 1871 is hereby designated as a type species of the genus Trachynotidus.Notes. In 1904, P\u00e9ringuey described a new species named damarinus under \u201cGen. Trachynotideus P\u00e9ring\u201d. The spelling \u201cTrachynotideus\u201d was generally treated as an incorrect subsequent spelling of Trachynotidus by subsequent authors  Clinocranion Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)angulicollis  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by cognatus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 297Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)cruentus P\u00e9ringuey, 1908: 411Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)eximius P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 298Type data. Syntypes gravis rufozonatus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Trachynotidusmanifestus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 297 Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Type species.Triangulipennalacuna Louw, 1979 lacuna Louw, 1979: 115Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes Type species.Uniungulumhoeschi Koch, 1962 hoeschi Koch, 1962b: 114Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type genus.Moluris Latreille, 1802Taxonomic diversity. : Amiantus (15 sp.), Arturium (16), Brachyphrynus (11), Dichtha (5), Distretus (22), Euphrynus (4), Glyptophrynus (8), Melanolophus (11), Moluris (15), Phrynocolus (14), Phrynophanes (13), Physophrynus (8), Psammodes (169), Psammophanes (63), Psammotyria (8).Distribution. With exception of western Africa, widely distributed in the Afrotropical Realm. Glyptophrynus is the only Malagasy representative of the whole tribe connexus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 49Type data. Syntypes (British Museum)costipennis Kolbe, 1886: 292Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)decemcostatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (British Museum)Notes.Melanolophusater Waterhouse, 1885 and M.tenuecostatus Gebien, 1910. However, this view was not accepted by auriculatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)benanum  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)crispatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Phrynocolusundatocostatus Kolbe, 1891: 30 Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)fulleborni  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)gebieni  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)glauningi  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)methneri  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)parvulus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)pretiosum  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)tenuecostatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes undaticostis  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)wembericum  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)Type species.Brachyphrynusspissicornis Fairmaire, 1882 (by monotypy)abyssinicusabyssinicus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes Notes. Treated as a synonym of Psammophanescatenatus  by abyssinicusbreuningi Kaszab, 1963: 348Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes gallanus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)kuntzeni  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)petrosuserlangeri  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)petrosuspetrosus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)Phrynocolusikutanus Fairmaire, 1897: 113 Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)somalicus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)spissicornis Fairmaire, 1882a: 72Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)subnodosus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Trieste Museum) and paratype (Basel Museum)wachei  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)Type species.Cryptogeniusinflatus Gerstacker, 1854 Notes. \u201cDichtha incantatoris / incantatoria Koch, 1952\u201d is considered here as a nomen nudum, since no published record of this species-group name was found during the present work.cubica  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)inflata  Cryptogenius Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)modesta Robiche, 2013: 159Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum) and paratypes transvalica Brancsik, 1914: 65Type data. Syntypes (Budapest Museum)quedenfeldti Kolbe, 1886: 293Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Type species.Molurisamplipennis F\u00e5hraeus, 1870  Moluris Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)dissociatus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)fahraei Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 43Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)inaequalis Fairmaire, 1894: 320Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)mashunus  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)undosus Kolbe, 1886: 291Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)undatus  Amiantus Type data. Syntypes variabilis Gebien, 1910a: 153Type data. Syntypes variolosus  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum \u2013 Dohrn coll.)Molurispilicornis F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 263 Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Type species.Distretus (Perdistretus) vilhenai Koch, 1953 acutecostatus  Dichtha Type data. Syntypes angolanus Koch, 1953b: 72Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)angustipennis P\u00e9ringuey, 1892: 52Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Notes. Considered as a synonym of Perdistretusacutecostatus Fairmaire, 1888b by Distretus, not in prevailing usage.Originally described in combination with the generic name \u201cDichtrethus\u201d, which is treated as an incorrect subsequent spelling of auritus Koch, 1953b: 73Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)duartei Koch, 1953b: 70Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes gracilis Gebien, 1910a: 152Type data. Syntypes (Tervuren Museum)mormolyce Koch, 1953b: 68Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratype seminitidus Quedenfeldt, 1888: 184Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)strioliceps Koch, 1953b: 71Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)schoutedeni Koch, 1954a: 435Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes upembensis Koch, 1954a: 437Type data. Holotype  and paratypes vilhenai Koch, 1953b: 65Type data. Holotype (Dundo Museum) and paratype Type species.Euphrynusspinithorax Fairmaire, 1897 (by monotypy)carinatus  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Amiantuscostatus P\u00e9ringuey, 1896: 168 Type data. Syntypes madecassuspauliani Koch, 1962a: 15Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes ovipennisovipennis  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)ovipennisserricostatus Koch, 1962a: 17Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)tenuesculptuscrassigranulatus Wilke, 1921: 174Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)tenuesculptustenuesculptus Fairmaire, 1899b: 532Type data. Syntypes voeltzkowi Wilke, 1921: 174Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Type species.Melanolophusseptemcostatus Fairmaire, 1882 (by monotypy)Notes. Treated as a synonym of Amiantus by several authors  and paratypes lomianus Koch, 1956: 173Type data. Holotype (Trieste Museum) and paratypes pictetipicteti  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)pictetiseptemcostatus Fairmaire, 1882a: 70Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)Notes. Synonymised with the nominotypical form by pictetisplendidusType data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)praeplanatus Koch, 1960: 261Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)sexcostatusbenardellii Koch, 1960: 258Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes sexcostatusgibbithorax Koch, 1956: 175Type data. Holotype (Trieste Museum) and paratypes sexcostatushellardi Koch, 1960: 258Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)sexcostatussexcostatus  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (British Museum)sexcostatustuberculatus Koch, 1960: 258Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Tenebriogibbus Pallas, 1781 (by monotypy)Physodera Solier, 1843: 78 = Type species.Pimeliagibba Fabricius, 1787 chevrolati Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 52Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)discoidea Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1845: 286Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Notes. According to Distretus.ferrari Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 55Type data. Holotype (Vienna Museum)gibba  Tenebrio Type data. Syntypes Pimeliaplanata Thunberg, 1787: 49 = Type data. Syntypes Pimeliabistriata Herbst, 1799: 50 Type data. Syntypes Opatrumgibbosum Thunberg, 1821: 33 = Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)nitida Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 52Type data. Syntypes (Brussels Museum)pseudonitida P\u00e9ringuey, 1908: 406Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)redtenbacheri Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 56Type data. Holotype (Vienna Museum)rustica Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 54Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)semiscabra Solier, 1843: 81Type data. Holotype (Torino Museum \u2013 Spinola coll.)strigosa  Pimelia Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Molurisrouleti Solier, 1843: 80 Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)denhardtifractus Koch, 1969: 13Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)denhardtihumeralis Koch, 1969: 12Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)desaegeri Koch, 1969: 15Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes frondosus Gerstaecker, 1871: 59 Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)transversus Fairmaire, 1887: 183 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)subfrondosus Wilke, 1921: 166 Type data. Syntypes Cryptogenius Solier, 1843: 37 = Type species.Cryptogeniusdentatus Solier, 1843 dentatus  Cryptogenius Type data. Syntypes felinus Koch, 1951: 89Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum) and paratypes (Basel Museum)spinolaispinolai  Cryptogenius Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum \u2013 Dupont collection)Notes.Phrynocolusniloticus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 38 Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)cryptisculptus Koch, 1969: 4Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)discoideus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)gredleri  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Phrynocolusunicarinatus Wilke, 1921: 170 Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)lateritius  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes neumanni  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)reticulatus Wilke, 1921: 169Type data. Syntypes schereri Koch, 1969: 20Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)scortecii Koch, 1969: 19Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)schoutedeni  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes squamifergridellianus Koch, 1960: 262Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)squamifersquamifer  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes Type species.Physophrynusburdoi Fairmaire, 1882 (by monotypy)bufo  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum \u2013 Dohrn coll.)Amiantusreichardi Kolbe, 1886: 228 Type data. Holotype (Fairmaire collection)haroldi  Amiantus Type data. Syntypes kaszabi Koch, 1953a: 176Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)manicanus  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)revoili Fairmaire, 1887: 182Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Type species.Psammodeslongicornis Kirby, 1819 (by monotypy)Piesomera Solier, 1843: 77 = Type species.Psammodescaffra F\u00e5hraeus, 1870 (by monotypy)Notes. Originally described as a monotypic subgenus of Psammodes. Interpreted here as a synonym of the nominal form, as sustaining a weakly defined and monotypic subgenus within present Psammodes seems to be unjustified.algoensis P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 275Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)asperulipennis Fairmaire, 1888: 193Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)atratus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 73, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by basuto Koch, 1953c: 7Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes barbatus F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 268Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Psammodespraeliator P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 272 Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)brunneusrufocastaneus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 42Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)brunnipes Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 72, in keyType data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by caelatus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 281Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)caffra F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 265Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)caraboides Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 69, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by carinatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 103Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)clarus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873: 76Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)collaris Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 101Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)coloratus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 71, in keyType data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by comatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 106Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)comptus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 109Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)convexus  Phanerotoma Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)coriaceus  Phanerotoma Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Psammodesmanifestus= Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)costalis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 97Type data. Syntypes dejeani  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)depressicollis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 72, in keyType data. Syntypes (British Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by devexus F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 266Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)diabolicusdiabolicus Koch, 1952: 335Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype diabolicustactilis Koch, 1962b: 123Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)difficilis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 73, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by dilutus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 64, in keyType data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum \u2013 Dohrn coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by dimidiatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 71, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by discrepans P\u00e9ringuey, 1904: 230Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)dohrni Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 67, in keyType data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by eberlanzi Koch, 1952: 337Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)and paratypes egregius Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 74Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)ethologus Koch, 1953c: 10Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Durban Museum)expletus Quedenfeldt, 1885: 4Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Notes. Type specimens of this species were unknown to Ocnodes.fartus P\u00e9ringuey, 1904: 232Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Psammodesillotus P\u00e9ringuey, 1904: 233 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)gibbusgibbus  Tenebrio Type data. Lectotype, designated by Ferrer and Holson (2009) (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Pimeliastriata Fabricius, 1775: 251 [syn. by Ferrer and Holson (2009: 34)]= Type data. Syntypes Tenebrioglandiformis Pallas, 1781: 45 = Type data. Syntypes gibbusgravidus  Moluris Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)gibbushemisphaericus  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)gibbusnigrocostatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 85Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum)gibbussolieri Gebien, 1910b: 161, replacement nameMolurisunicolor Solier, 1843: 64 .= Type data. (Warsaw Museum \u2013 Dupont collection)gibbusunicolor  Pimelia Type data. Syntypes glaber Koch, 1953c: 10Type data. Holotype (Lund University) and paratypes glabratusbienus Koch, 1953b: 77Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)glabratusglabratus Harold, 1878: 106Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)grandis  Phanerotoma Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Psammodeslugubris F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 269 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)granulifer Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 54Type data. Syntypes (Geneva Museum)guillarmodi Koch, 1952: 340Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)haagi Gebien, 1910b: 156, replacement namePsammodesobliteratus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 103 = Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)hirtipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 105Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)hirtipes  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Molurisreichei Solier, 1843: 67 Type data. Holotype (Bologna Museum)herculeanus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 68, in keyType data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by herero P\u00e9ringuey, 1908: 409Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)hottentottus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 267Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)incongruens P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 281Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)infernalis Harold, 1878: 106Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum)intermedius P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 272Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)janitor Koch, 1953c: 11Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes kamagasus P\u00e9ringuey, 1908: 409Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)kirschi Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 102Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)kubub P\u00e9ringuey, 1908: 408Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)kuisip P\u00e9ringuey, 1908: 504Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Notes. Originally described under the name Psammodestuberculifer . However, in erratum (page: 504), renamed kuisip.lanuginosus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 105Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum \u2013 Dohrn coll.)lethargicus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 284Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)laevicollis  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)longicornis Kirby, 1819: 480Type data. Syntypes (British Museum)Phanerotomaruficore Solier, 1843: 86 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)nitidissimus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 92Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum \u2013 Dohrn coll.)obsulcatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 72, in keyType data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by ovatus  Phanerotoma Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)ovipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 102Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum \u2013 Dohrn coll.)perfidus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 283Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)piceus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 67, in keyType data. Syntype (Geneva Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by pilifer Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 69, in keyType data. Holotype (British Museum \u2013 Bates coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by pilosellus Haag-Rutenberg, 1875: 71Type data. Syntypes (British Museum \u2013 Bates coll.)pilosipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 89Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)pilosus  Pimelia Type data. Syntypes pinguis  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Psammodesrotundipennis P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 268 Type data. Holotype (Marseille Museum)plicipennis Gemminger, 1870: 1899, replacement namePhanerotomaplicatus Solier, 1844: 299 = Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)ponderosus F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 264Type data. Syntypes probes  Psammodophysis Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)procerus  Hypomelus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)procustes  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Oxford University \u2013 Westwood coll.)Psammodesgiganteus Haag-Rutenberg, 1879: 290 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)pustulifer Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 71, in keyType data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by quadricostatus  Hypomelus Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)raucus Haag-Rutenberg, 1875: 159Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)refleximargo  Trachynotidus Type data. Holotype (Hamburg University \u2013 Michaelsen coll.)retrospinosus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 61, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by rotundicollis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 69Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)rufofasciatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 96Type data. Syntypes rufonervosus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 96Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)rufostriatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1875: 70Type data. Syntypes rugulosipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 98Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)rugulosus  Phanerotomea Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Psammodesexilis P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 280 Type data. Holotype (British Museum)scabratusscabratus  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum \u2013 Dupont collection)scabratusgariepinus Koch, 1953c: 5Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes scabriusculus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 98Type data. Syntypes (Brussels Museum)schultzei Peinguey, 1908: 408Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)segnis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 71, in keyType data. Syntypes (Vienna Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by sellatussellatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1875: 72Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)sellatusuriai Koch, 1953b: 75Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)semipilosus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 80Type data. Syntypes (Geneva Museum)Psammodesapproximans P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 270 Type data. Holotype (British Museum)subgranulatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 78Type data. Syntypes tenuipes  Hypomelus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)timarchoides Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 79Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)togatus Koch, 1953c: 10Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes tomentosus  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)trachysceloides Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 72, in keyType data. Syntypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by transvaalensis Haag-Rutenberg, 1875: 81Type data. Syntypes Psammodeslaetulus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 278 Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Psammodesmendax P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 283 Type data. Syntypes (Oxford University \u2013 Burchell coll.)Molurispierreti Amyot, 1835: 129 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)volvulus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871a: 68, in keyType data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by Psammodesadventitus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 299 =Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)zschokkei Koch, 1953b: 84Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Moluriscatenata Reiche, 1850 Notes. Originally described as a subgenus of Psammodes, and elevated to the generic level by Type species.Psammodesacuticosta Fairmaire, 1884 acuticosta  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes lomii  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)Type species.Moluriscatenata Reiche, 1850 angulicauda  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)antinorii  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)Notes. This species was unknown to Psammophanes based on its close affiliation to raffrayi  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Vienna Museum) and paratype (Monaco Museum)beccariisudanicus Koch, 1953a: 169Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes borosi Koch, 1953a: 173Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes castanopterus  Amiantus Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Psammodesabyssinicus Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 32 Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Notes. Originally described as a subspecies of catenatus; status elevated by granuliger Koch, 1953a: 160Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes gridelliigridellii Koch, 1953a: 164Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)gridelliimicrosetosus Koch, 1953a: 165Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)gurannicus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)impressiventris  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)kilimandjarus Koch, 1953a: 174Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum) and paratypes (Munich Museum)leakeyi Koch, 1953a: 171Type data. Holotype (Kenya Museum) and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)mirei  Psammodes comb. n.Notes. Originally described as Psammodes (Psammophanes) mirei. According to the original description, this species is allied to Psammophanes (Psammophanes) naivashanus . Based on this information, P.mirei is hereby included within subgenus Psammophanes.Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Paris Museum)nairobiensis Koch, 1953a: 173Type data. Holotype (Royan Brussels) and paratypes naivashanus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes pilosiusculusecostatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)pilosiusculuspilosiusculus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes pilosiusculusruandanus Koch, 1953a: 168Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)plicatoides Koch, 1953a: 164Type data. Holotype and paratype (Kenya Museum)plicatusaethiopicus Koch, 1953a: 162Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)plicatusmultilineatus Koch, 1953a: 161Type data. Holotype (Kenya Museum) and paratypes plicatusplicatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)plicatussulcatus praetenuispraetenuis Koch, 1953a: 163Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes praetenuissubtomentosus Koch, 1953a: 163Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes pyriformis  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)raffrayipseudocatenatus Koch, 1953a: 167Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes raffrayiraffrayi  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)rubrolineatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)sexcostatus  Phrynocolus Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)somalicus Koch, 1953a: 158Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratype (Disong Museum)terrenuscrassecostatus Koch, 1953a: 175Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes terrenusrugilineatus Koch, 1953a: 176Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes terrenusterrenus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)vagecostatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Type species.Psammophanes (Psammophrynus) jokli Koch, 1953 jokli Koch, 1953a: 152Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes penicillatuspenicillatus Koch, 1953a: 153Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)penicillatuspiacatus Koch, 1953a: 154Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)poccilator Koch, 1953a: 153Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)Type species.Psammodesbisbicostatus Gebien, 1910 bisbicostatusbisbicostatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes bisbicostatusleleupi Koch, 1953a: 148Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes circumscriptus Koch, 1953a: 151Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes erectepilosuserectepilosus Koch, 1953a: 150Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes erectepilosustanganyikanus Koch, 1953a: 150Type data. Holotype (Munchen Museum)maculicollis Koch, 1953a: 150Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes neavei  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes punctipilus Koch, 1953a: 149Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratype (Tervuren Museum)prosodoides  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes Type species.Psammophanes (Psammotyriopsis) bredoi Koch, 1953 bredoi Koch, 1953a: 144Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum) and paratype Type species.Psammodesgracilentus Fairmaire, 1882 ahlmedoensis Koch, 1969: 31Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Munich Museum)arabicus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Hamburg University)benardellii Koch, 1965: 126Type data. Holotype (Milan Museum)gracilentus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)hemmingi Koch, 1969: 25Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)nogalus Koch, 1962c: 242Type data. Holotype (Milan Museum)Type species.Psammodesertli Kolbe, 1904 Notes. Originally described as a subgenus of Psammodes. Elevated to generic level by attenuatusattenuatus  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Moluristentyrioides Fairmaire, 1891a: 249 Type data. Syntypes ertliertli  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes ertlipunctativentris  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)ertlispinosocostatus  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)lateridenslateridens  Moluris Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)lateridensnyassicus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)quadriplicatus  Psammodes Psammodesquadricostatus Fairmaire, 1891b: CCXCIII = Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Type genus.Oxura Kirby, 1819Taxonomic diversity. : Decoriplus (11 ssp.), Miripronotum (1), Namibomodes (4), Oxura (9), Palpomodes (4), Pterostichula (17), Stenethmus (11), Synhimba (6).Distribution. The majority of species were described from Namibia. A small number of species of Stenethmus were described from the northern part of Tanzania, while some species of Decoriplus from Central Africa aequabilis Louw, 1979: 125Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes (Ditsong Museum and Windhoek Museum)clavus Louw, 1979: 126Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)convexus Louw, 1979: 127Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)costimargo Louw, 1979: 128Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratypes discicollis Louw, 1979: 130Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)granulimargo Louw, 1979: 131Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes hamatus Louw, 1979: 133Type data. Holotype (British Museum) and paratypes aequabilishieroglyphicus  Psammodes Type data. Lectotype, designated by Notes.A detailed morphological description was provided by humerus Louw, 1979: 136Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes pictus  Psammodes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)striatulus Louw, 1979: 138Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Miripronotumprominoculatum Louw, 1979 prominoculatum Louw, 1979: 119Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Windhoek Museum)Type species.Psammodesserrimargo Gebien, 1938 maculicollis Koch, 1962b: 111Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes rubra Koch, 1962b: 112Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)serrimargo  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes zarcoi Koch, 1962b: 110Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Oxurasetosa Kirby, 1819 (by monotypy)Oxyura Agassiz, 1846: 267 = Type species.Oxurasetosa Kirby, 1819 (by monotypy)Notes. Unjustified emendation of Oxura Kirby, 1819.connexa  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum) and paratypes Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by femoralis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 111Type data. Lectotype, designated by margoabsolutamargoabsoluta Louw, 1979: 164Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes margoabsolutapuncticollis Louw, 1979: 165Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratypes punctipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871b: 111Type data. Lectotype, designated by rufotibiatarufotibiata Louw, 1979: 167Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratypes (Ditsong Museum and Windhoek Museum)rufotibiataplanipennata Louw, 1979: 168Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Windhoek Museum)setosa Kirby, 1819: 414Type data. Lectotype, designated by vestita Solier, 1843: 119Type data. Holotype (Torino Museum)Type species.Psammodesphysopterus Gebien, 1920 (by monotypy)Notes. Originally described as a subgenus of Namibomodes. Elevated to the generic level by Type species.Psammodesphysopterus Gebien, 1920 (by monotypy)halophilus  Namibomodes Type data. Syntypes physopterusangolensis  (Namibomodes) Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)physopterusphysopterus  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Hamburg University \u2013 Michaelsen coll.)Type species.Namibomodesrudebecki Koch, 1952 (by monotypy)Notes. Originally described as a subgenus of Namibomodes.rudebecki  Namibomodes Type data. Holotype (Lund University)Type species.Pterostichula (Pterostichula) calathoides Koch, 1952 Type species.Pterostichula (Pterostichula) calathoides Koch, 1952 aridipaludis Louw, 1979: 146Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratype broomoides Koch, 1952: 228Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes calathoides Koch, 1952: 227Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes diaphana Louw, 1979: 145Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes dubia Louw, 1979: 141Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratype ellamariae Koch, 1952: 229Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes infuscata Koch, 1952: 227Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)kung Koch, 1952: 229Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)namaqua Koch, 1952: 228Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)quarzophila Koch, 1952: 227Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes solitudo Louw, 1979: 147Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and paratype Type species.Pterostichula (Ripicolodes) misanthropa Koch, 1952 arenicola Koch, 1952: 232Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)frontalis Koch, 1952: 232Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)misanthropamisanthropa Koch, 1952: 231Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes misanthropakunenensis Koch, 1952: 231Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)omurambestris Koch, 1952: 230Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)parvicollis Louw, 1979: 153Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Psammodestentyriiniformis Hesse, 1935 Notes. Classified within Tentyriini by borealis Kaszab, 1972: 231Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)impuncticollis Gebien, 1937b: 42Type data. Holotype and paratype (Basel Museum)massaicus Kaszab, 1972: 231Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)orientalis Kaszab, 1972: 232Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)poggii Ferrer, 2004b: 513Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)punctipleuris Kaszab, 1972: 233Type data. Holotype and paratype (Budapest Museum)punctiventris Genien, 1937b: 43Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)rhodesianus Kaszab, 1972: 232Type data. Holotype (Budapest Museum)szunyoghyi Kaszab, 1972: 230Type data. Holotype and paratype (Budapest Museum)tentyriiniformistentyriiniformis  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes tentyriiniformisseptentrionalis Gebien, 1937b: 44Type data. Syntypes Type species.Psammodescordiformis Haag-Rutenberg, 1871 cordiforme  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by hyalinumhyalinum Koch, 1952: 220Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes hyalinumovambo Koch, 1952: 220Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes melancholica  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by pruinosum Koch, 1952: 219Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes sculpturatum  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by Type genus.Phanerotomea Koch, 1958 [junior objective synonym proposed of Ocnodes]Taxonomic diversity. : Huilamus (1 sp.), Ocnodes (149), Psammoryssus (1), Stridulomus (1), Tarsocnodes (25).Distribution. Widely distributed in the southern part of the Afrotropical Realm. Only two species, Ocnodesgridellii  and O.humerangula , were described north from the equator. None of the known species were reported from the Eastern Cape welwitschi Koch, 1953b: 80Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes Type species.Ocnodesscrobicollis F\u00e5hraeus, 1870 (here designated)Type species.Moluris (Phanerotoma) bertolonii Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1844 arnoldiarnoldi  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes arnoldisabianus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)bertolonii  Moluris , comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Notes. While describing this species, bertolinii and bertolonii. freyi  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)gueriniguerini  Psammodes , comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Geneva Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by guerinilawrencii  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes (Cape Museum)guerinimancus (Phanerotomea comb. n.nimancus : 264 PhaType data. Holotype (Maputo Museum)junodi  Psammodes , comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Psammodesjunodi Fairmaire, 1899a: 179 = Phanerotomea Koch, 1958: 58, syn. n., replacement name= Type species.Phanerotomaelongatum Solier, 1843 acuductusacuductus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)acuductusufipanus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes adamantinus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)argenteofasciatus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)barbosai , comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes basilewskyi , comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)bellmarleyi , comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes benguelensis  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratype blandus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes brevicornis  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Psammodesrugicollis Kolbe, 1883: 23 = Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)Phanerotomaelongatum Solier, 1843: 89 = Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)lanceolatus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Museum Budapest)licitus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)luctuosus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by luxurosus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum), and paratypes maputoensis  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes marginicollis  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and parartype (Ditsong Museum)martinsi  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratypes melleus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes mendicusestermanni  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum) and paratypes mendicusmendicus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)miles  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)mimeticus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes misolampoides  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Leiden Museum)mixtus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Syntypes (British Museum)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by monacha  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes montanus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype and paratype (Tervuren Museum)mozambicus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)muliebriscurtus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes muliebrismuliebris  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes muliebrissilvestris  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)nervosus  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (British Museum \u2013 Bates coll.)Notes. A detailed morphological description was provided by notatum  Sepidium comb. n.Type data. Holotype notaticollis  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes odorans  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes opacus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Warsaw Museum \u2013 Dupont collection)osbecki  Moluris comb. n.Type data. Lectotype, designated by Phanerotomasuturalis Solier, 1843: 92 Type data. Holotype (Oxford University \u2013 Westwood coll.)protectus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes punctatissimus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes puncticollis  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes punctipennisplanisculptus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum) and paratypes punctipennispunctipennis  Psammodes comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)punctipleura  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratype (Ditsong Museum)rhodesianus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype roriferus  Phanerotomea comb. n.Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes rowleianus  Moluris Type data. Syntypes (British Museum)Psammodeszoutpansbergianus P\u00e9ringuey, 1904: 231 Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Psammodesrehbocki Kolbe, 1904: 299 Type data. Lectotype, designated by albarenarumdilaticollis  Psammodes Type data. Lectotype, designated by ephialtes Koch, 1952: 334Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes errans  Psammodes Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Notes. In his original description, Tarsocnodesspectabilis Gebien, 1920: 84 Type data. Lectotype, designated by madida Koch, 1952: 326Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)michaelis Penrith, 1986: 247Type data. Holotype (Windhoek Museum) and parartypes molossa  Psammodes Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Moluris (Phanerotoma) gravida  Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after variolata Koch, 1952: 329Type data. Holotype (Tervuren Museum)vernayi Koch, 1952: 250Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)whiteheadi Penrith, 1986: 239Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Windhoek Museum)Type genus.Sepidium Fabricius, 1775Taxonomic diversity. : Dimoniacis (3 ssp.), Echinotus (2), Peringueyia (1), Sepidiopsis (3), Sepidiostenus (7), Sepidium (51), Vieta (52), Vietomorpha (5).Distribution. Widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean area and Sub-Saharan Africa, except its western part. Majority of the species were described form from the Horn of Africa. Vieta representatives are the only species, which were described from the area south from equator, while only Sepidium species have loci tipici north from Tropic of Cancer jacksoni Koch, 1958: 44Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)lavranosi Ardoin, 1979: 60Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Paris Museum)puccionii Ferrer, 1995: 27Type data. Holotype (Florence Museum)Type species.Sepidiumspinicollis Laporte, 1840 Notes. During the compilation of this catalog, a junior homonym of Echinotus Solier, 1843 was found: Echinotus Marwick, 1935: 301 . Ulamus Kaminski, nom. nov. is introduced here as a replacement name for the above-mentioned pteriid genus. This newly introduced name honours Stanis\u0142aw Marcin Ulam, Polish-American scientist, inventor of the Monte Carlo method of computation.natalensis Chevrolat, 1874: 331Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)spinicollis  Sepidium Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Type species.Echinotusdispar P\u00e9ringuey, 1899 (by monotypy)dispar  Echinotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Type species.Sepidiopsiscornigera Gestro, 1892 ardoini Ferrer, 1995: 26Type data. Holotype (Florence Museum)cornigera Gestro, 1892: 772Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)villosa Gestro, 1892: 773Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)Type species.Sepidiostenuserinaceus Fairmaire, 1884 (by monotypy)Sepidiacis Fairmaire, 1884: CXLVI Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)ruspolii Gestro, 1898: 514Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)Type species.Sepidiumtricuspidatum Fabricius, 1775 (by subsequent designation by Latreille (1810: 429))Espidium Rafinesque, 1815: 113= Notes. Unnecessary replacement name for Sepidium Fabricius, 1775aitagiae Escalera, 1913: 41Type data. Holotype (Madrid Museum)aliferum Erichson, 1841: 178Type data. Holotype (British Museum)Sepidiumdouei Solier, 1843: 18 = Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes marraquense Escalera, 1911: 302Type data. Syntypes mesopotamicum Reitter, 1914: 386Type data. Syntypes mskalicum Escalera, 1914: 307Type data. Syntypes (Madrid Museum)obtusangulum Fairmaire, 1882a: 73Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)pagesii Fairmaire, 1894: 321Type data. Syntypes penicilligerum Karsch, 1881: 49Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)perforatum Allard, 1874: 130Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Notes. Species concept after peyerimhoffi Antoine, 1932: 183Type data. Syntypes reichei Allard, 1870: 49Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Sepidiumreicheibispinicollis Reitter, 1914: 389 = Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Sepidiumdufouri Solier, 1843: 21 = Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Sepidiumvariegatumintegrum Desbrochers des Loges, 1881: 100 Type data. Syntypes angolensisbiena Koch, 1958: 53Type data. Holotype and paratypes angolensiseduardi Koch, 1958: 54Type data. Holotype and paratypes angolensistransversa  Sepidium Type data. Holotype (Leiden Museum)Sepidiumovampoense P\u00e9ringuey, 1892: 55 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)borana Gridelli, 1939a: 114Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)bulbifera Fairmaire, 1897: 116Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)clypeata Gahan, 1896: 454Type data. Holotype (British Museum)cornutipennis Gebien, 1937b: 37Type data. Holotype (Trieste Museum) and paratype costata Allard, 1874: 149Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)crinita Allard, 1882: LXXXVIIType data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Sepidiumzambezianum P\u00e9ringuey, 1892: 123 Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)gracilenta Ancey, 1881a: 397Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)grisea Gridelli, 1939a: 421Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)grixonii Gestro, 1895: 375Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)hamaticollis  Sepidium Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)holdhausi Reitter, 1914: 391Type data. Holotype (Vienna Museum)lacunosa Fairmaire, 1894: CCLIIType data. Holotype (Basel Museum)longehirta  Sepidium Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)longepilosa Fairmaire, 1891b: CCXCIVType data. Holotype (Paris Museum)luctuosa Fairmaire, 1894: 392Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)lutulenta Gestro, 1895: 143Type data. Holotype (Genoa Museum)luxorii Allard, 1874: 150Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)millingenii Kirchsberg, 1877: 203Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)montana Fairmaire, 1894: 392Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)muscosa  Sepidium Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)ovalis Allard, 1874: 149Type data. Syntypes pallidicornis Koch, 1958: 219Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes protensa Fairmaire, 1891b: CCXCVType data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)punctipennis Reitter, 1914: 390Type data. Holotype (Vienna Museum)ramosipilus Koch, 1958: 219Type data. Syntypes rendiliana Lesne, 1922: 696Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)robusta Lesne, 1922: 697Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)russoi Gebien, 1937b: 38Type data. Holotype (Trieste Museum) and paratype senegalensisdongolensis Laporte, 1840: 197Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Notes. Taxonomic concept after Dymonusdufossei Solier, 1843: 10 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)speculifera Gebien, 1910a: 158Type data. Syntypes spiculosa  Sepidium Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)subcaudata Lesne, 1922: 696Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)tuberculata  Dymonus Type data. Holotype (Torino Museum \u2013 Spinola coll.)Dymonusgibbicollis Solier, 1843: 12 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)zavatartii Gridelli, 1939a: 110Type data. Syntypes (Trieste Museum)Type species.Vietomorphafoveipennis Fairmaire, 1887 (by monotypy)abyssinica Mal, 1986a: 17Type data. Holotype (Brussels Museum) and paratypes bartolozzii Mal, 1986a: 19Type data. Holotype and paratype (Florence Museum)crassipes Mal, 1986a: 16Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes foveipennis Fairmaire, 1887: 186Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)Vietomorphaarabica Schuster & Gebien, 1938: 59 Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)Vietasenegalensissomalica Gebien, 1937b: 41 = Type species.Phligradegeeri Laporte, 1840 (by monotypy); syn of Tenebriocristatus DeGeer, 1778.cristatuscristatus  Tenebrio Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Sepidiumlacunosum Thunberg, 1787: 48 = Type data. Holotype (Lund University)Brachycerusareolatus Thunberg, 1799: 31 Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)hamaticollis  Phligra Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Type species.Trachynotusfrontalis Haag-Rutenberg, 1873 deckerti Ferrer, 2004: 193Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)frontalisfrontalis  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes Epairopslaevigata P\u00e9ringuey, 1892: 55 Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)omercooperi Koch, 1955: 43Type data.Lectotype, designated here, \u201cAus, Gt. Namaqualand. / 17.IX.1950 / C. Koch, G. van Son\u201d. Paralectotypes .Notes. Although Histrionotus was described as a monotypical genus (for lightfooti) he intentionally describes Histrionotusomercooperi on the preceding page.Type species.Phligraminuta P\u00e9ringuey, 1904: Notes. In caption of plate 9 in his paper from 1955 Koch introduced the second representative of Microphligra: \u201cMicrophligra (Paraphligra) succulentium (subg. nov. in litt. sp. nov. in litt.)\u201d. A habitus of this beetle is presented in the preceding page. However, Koch did not specify any characters separating this new entity from the Microphligraminuta, therefore this cannot be treated as a valid description according to the regulations of the minuta Type species.Ossiporisterrena Pascoe, 1866 (by monotypy)Epairops F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 282 Type data. Lectotype, designated by terrenaterrena Pascoe, 1866: 452Type data. Holotype terrenarhodesiana Koch, 1953d: 8Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes terrenazoutpansbergensis Koch, 1953d: 28Type data. Holotype and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)undulicostis Koch, 1953d: 6Type data. Holotype (Rhodesia Museum)Type species.Trachynotusresolutus P\u00e9ringuey, 1904 resolutus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)Type species.Sepidiumrugosum Fabricius, 1781 Type species.Sepidiumacuminatum Quensel, 1806 ; syn. of Sepidiumstriatum Thunberg, 1787adventitus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)albanyensis Koch, 1955: 164Type data. Holotype (British Museum)algoensis Koch, 1955: 153Type data. Syntypes bisinuatus Koch, 1955: 155Type data. Syntypes (Ditsong Museum)caviventris Koch, 1955: 158Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)cohaerens Koch, 1955: 166Type data. Syntypes corallipes Koch, 1955: 157Type data. Syntypes dimorphus Koch, 1955: 172Type data. Syntypes georgensis Koch, 1955: 166Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)hirundo Koch, 1955: 159Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes Notes.rubripes\u201d. The author expressly gave it infrasubspecific rank, since he also designated taxa at the subspecies level. Therefore, according to art. 45.6.4. of the karrooensis Koch, 1955: 164Type data. Syntypes licinoides  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum)Trachynotusrusticus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 300 Type data. Holotype (British Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after namaquensis Koch, 1955: 170Type data. Syntypes nitens  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)nollothensis Koch, 1955: 158Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)praephallatusfrigidorae Koch, 1955: 162Type data. Syntypes (Ditsong Museum)praephallatuspraephallatus Koch, 1955: 161Type data. Holotype and paratype (Ditsong Museum)punctiger  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Museum Berlin)purcelli Koch, 1955: 151Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)saxicola Koch, 1955: 177Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)scaber  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)striatus  SepidiumSepidium Type data. Holotype Sepidiumacuminatus Quensel, 1806: 130 Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum) and paratype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after bohemanigaerdesi Koch, 1955: 95Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)bohemanischerzi Koch, 1955: 96Type data. Syntypes (Ditsong Museum)bruckibrucki  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after bruckiovamboanus Koch, 1955: 104Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)bruckipoweri  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after cinctus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after geniculatusgeniculatus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes geniculatushessei Koch, 1955: 101Type data. Syntypes geniculatuspluricostatus Koch, 1955: 100Type data. Syntypes hereroensis Koch, 1955: 99Type data. Holotype (University Lund)rugulosicollis  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes Type species.Trachynotusbadeni Haag-Rutenberg, 1873 badeni  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Trachynotusscrobiculatus P\u00e9ringuey, 1885: 110 Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)Trachynotuswahlbergiausensis Koch, 1955: 90Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratype (Ditsong Museum)Trachynotuswahlbergiwahlbergi  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseum)Notes. Type deposition information after Notes. While describing this genus Clinocranion and Clynocranion. Trachynotus planatusplanatus  Clinocranion Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum \u2013 Gory collection)Notes. Type deposition information after planatussubdamarensis Koch, 1955: 73Type data. Holotypes and paratypes (Ditsong Museum)spinosus  Clinocranion Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)Type species.Trachynotusregalis Haag-Rutenberg, 1875 angustus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)distinctus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)regalis  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes Notes. Although the correct original spelling of this genus group name is Somaticum , to our knowledge all subsequent authors have used the incorrect subsequent spelling Somaticus and that this incorrect subsequent spelling is in prevailing usage and attributed to the publication of the original spelling; therefore this genus-group name is to be preserved and deemed to be the correct original spelling Gonopterus Solier, 1843: 101 = Type species.Sepidiumrugosum Fabricius, 1781 (by monotypy)aeneus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Geneva Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after bisbicostatus  Trachynotus Type data. Neotype (Basel Museum), designated by Notes. According to decoratipescisfluminis Koch, 1955: 81Type data. Syntypes decoratipesdecoratipes Koch, 1955: 79Type data. Syntypes glabriventris Koch, 1955: 78Type data. Syntypes rugosusrugosissimus Koch, 1955: 78Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)rugosusrugosus  Sepidium Type data. Holotype Copenhagen Museum) and paratypes (British Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after Koch (1955)Pimelialeucophrys Herbst, 1799: 115 = Type data. Holotype (Berlin Museum)rugosustestaceipes Koch, 1955: 77Type data. Syntypes (Ditsong Museum)stali  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Clinocranionlatemarginatum P\u00e9ringuey, 1885: 115 Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after Haag-Rutenberg (1871).carinatuschevrolati  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)contractus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Museum Berlin)Notes. Type deposition information after dilatatus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)fahraeusi Koch, 1955: 185Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Notes.M-signatus\u201d. Judging from the context, Koch expressively gave it the infrasubspecific rank. Therefore, according to art. 45.6.4. of the giganteus Koch, 1955: 194Type data. Syntypes hoffmanni  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Stuttgart Museum)impressicollis  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)intermedius  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)laticollis  Tracheloeum Type data. Holotype (Oxford University \u2013 Hope coll.)Notes. Type deposition information after maculosus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after marginatus  Sepidium = Type data. Syntypes Notes. Type deposition information after Trachnotusglaber F\u00e5hraeus, 1870: 275 = Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)silphoidessilphoides  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after silphoidesswazicola Koch, 1955: 193Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum)similis  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)transvaalensis Koch, 1955: 197Type data. Syntypes vittiger  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (British Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after Type species.Trachynotusbipunctatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873 albomaculatus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Trachynotusterrenus P\u00e9ringuey, 1885: 114 = Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)barnardi Koch, 1955: 137Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)bipunctatusbipunctatus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)bipunctatus pilosus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)braunsi Koch, 1955: 135Type data. Syntypes cordipennis Koch, 1955: 136Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)dubius  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Trachynotussericeus P\u00e9ringuey, 1886: 124 = Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Trachynotusdubiusmaculipennis Gebien, 1920: 99 Type data. Holotype (Geneva Museum)Notes. Type deposition information after gracilipes  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)Trachynotusattenuatus= Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)gunvoraeamnigenus Koch, 1955: 123Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)gunvoraecylindricollis Koch, 1955: 122Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)gunvoraegunvorae  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Lund University) and paratypes haagihaagi  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)haagipilipeplus Koch, 1955: 116Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)incostatus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)kungorum Koch, 1955: 140Type data. Syntypes (Ditsong Museum)plutus Koch, 1955: 134Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes pygmaeus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Trachynotustantillus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 301 Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)Trachynotusacuticostis= Type data. Syntypes (Basel Museum)tibialis  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum)Notes.nigripes\u201d. Judging from the context, Koch expressively give it the infrasubspecific rank. Therefore, according to art. 45.6.4. of the zinni Koch, 1955: 133Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)Type species.Trachynotussordidus Gerstaecker, 1854 angulatus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after darlingtoni Koch, 1955: 212Type data. Syntypes funestus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after griseus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after hispidus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntype histrio Koch, 1955: 229Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)lutulentuslutulentus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)lutulentusmontisdraconis Koch, 1955: 223Type data. Syntypes (Durban Museum)metropolis Koch, 1955: 227Type data. Syntypes newtoni Koch, 1955: 223Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)obscurus Koch, 1955: 208Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)schalkwykae Koch, 1955: 213Type data. Syntypes (Pretoria University)sinuatus Koch, 1955: 208Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum)sordidus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Berlin Museum)terricolasetulosus  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes Notes. Type deposition information after terricolaterricola  Trachynotus Type data. Syntypes (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Notes. Type deposition information after testudo Koch, 1955: 220Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)varicollisbrachythorax Koch, 1955: 211Type data. Syntypes varicollisdisconnectus Koch, 1955: 212Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum) and paratypes varicollisvaricollis Koch, 1955: 209Type data. Syntypes vestitus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)zumptirhodesianus Koch, 1955: 220Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratype (Cape Museum)zumptizumpti Koch, 1955: 219Type data. Syntypes Type species.Trachynotuscrinitus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873 crinitus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)kraatzikraatzi  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)kraatzifulvohirtus Koch, 1955: 111Type data. Syntypes kraatziorientalis Koch, 1955: 112Type data. Holotype (Ditsong Museum) and paratypes (Stellenbosch University)serratus  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)Type species.Trachynotusperegrinator Koch, 1953a peregrinator  Trachynotus Type data. Holotype (British Museum) and paratypes tropicalis Koch, 1955: 231Type data. Holotype (Frankfurt Museum)incertae sedisdamarinus P\u00e9ringuey, 1904: 233 = Type species.Sepidiumvittatum Fabricius, 1781 elongatus  Sepidium Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)leucographus Solier, 1843: 107Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)lutosus P\u00e9ringuey, 1885: 113Type data. Syntypes (Cape Museum)meracus P\u00e9ringuey, 1899: 302Type data. Holotype (Cape Museum)ornatus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873: 40Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)plicipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1873: 38Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)proximus Laporte, 1840: 197Type data. Holotype (Paris Museum)recurvus Haag-Rutenberg, 1873: 38Type data. Holotype (Munich Museum \u2013 Haag-Rutenberg coll.)reticulatus  Tenebrio Type data. Holotype (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet)Sepidiumreticulatum Thunberg, 1791: 23 Type data. Syntypes vittatus  Sepidium Type data. Syntypes Sepidiumvittatum Thunberg, 1791: 24 [syn. by = Type data. Syntypes Sepidiumplicatus Wiedemann, 1823: 39 [syn. by = Type data. Holotype (Humboldt University)Trachynotuslacunosus Solier, 1843: 110 [syn. by = Type data. Syntypes (Paris Museum)Type species.Trichethmuslobicolis Gebien, 1937b: 45 (by monotypy)lobicolis Gebien, 1937b: 46Type data. Holotype (Basel Museum)"}
{"text": "Fasciola [Haemonchus [Caenorhabditis elegans as investigative models for parasite cysteine proteases is discussed. Finally, because of their central nutritive contribution, targeting the component gut proteases with small-molecule chemical inhibitors and understanding their utility as vaccine candidates are active areas of research [We briefly review cysteine proteases  that are expressed in flatworm and nematode parasites. Emphasis is placed on enzyme activities that have been functionally characterized, are associated with the parasite gut, and putatively contribute to degrading host proteins to absorbable nutrients \u20134. OftenFasciola  and Haememonchus , presumaemonchus . The appresearch . Angiostrongylus cantonensis and A. costaricensis are the etiological agents of abdominal angiostrongyliasis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, respectively  Necator americanus. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2008;160(2):90\u20139. Epub 2008/05/27. doi: S0166-6851(08)00094-7 [pii] 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.04.008. PubMed PMID: 18501979.Ranjit N, Zhan B, Stenzel DJ, Mulvenna J, Fujiwara R, Hotez PJ, et al. A family of cathepsin B cysteine proteases expressed in the gut of the human hookworm, Fasciola hepatica genome: gene duplication and polymorphism reveals adaptation to the host environment and the capacity for rapid evolution. Genome Biol. 2015;16:71. Epub 2015/04/19. doi: 10.1186/s13059-015-0632-210.1186/s13059-015-0632-2 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 25887684.Cwiklinski K, Dalton JP, Dufresne PJ, La Course J, Williams DJ, Hodgkinson J, et al. The Fasciola hepatica vaccine: we may not be there yet but we\u2019re on the right road. Vet Parasitol. 2015;208(1\u20132):101\u201311. Epub 2015/02/07. doi: S0304-4017(15)00008-4 [pii] 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.01.004. PubMed PMID: 25657086.Molina-Hernandez V, Mulcahy G, Perez J, Martinez-Moreno A, Donnelly S, O\u2019Neill SM, et al. 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001680 PNTD-D-12-00199 [pii]. PubMed PMID: 22802972.Vermeire JJ, Lantz LD, Caffrey CR. Cure of hookworm infection with a cysteine protease inhibitor. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(7):e1680. Epub 2012/07/18. doi:"}
{"text": "PLoS ONE 13(5): e0196998. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196998The name of the sixth author appears incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Alhamami M, Cheng W, Lyu Y, Allen C, Zhang X-a, Cheng HL (2018) Manganese-porphyrin-enhanced MRI for the detection of cancer cells: A quantitative"}
{"text": "Culex pipiens complex and Culex torrentium in Iran. PLoS ONE 13(11): e0207308. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207308The fifth author\u2019s initials are indexed incorrectly in the article XML. The correct initials are Kobinger GP. The correct citation is: Shahhosseini N, Kayedi MH, Sedaghat MM, Racine T, Kobinger GP, Moosa-Kazemi SH (2018) DNA barcodes corroborating identification of mosquito species and multiplex real-time PCR differentiating"}
{"text": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29010. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029010The sixth author\u2019s initials appear incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Caceres N, Llopis I, Marzo E, Prats C, Vilaplana C, Garc\u00eda de Viedma D, et al. (2012) Low Dose Aerosol Fitness at the Innate Phase of Murine Infection Better Predicts Virulence amongst Clinical Strains of"}
{"text": "Molecules has started to institute a \u201cBest Paper\u201d award to recognize the most outstanding papers in the area of natural products, medicinal chemistry and molecular diversity published in Molecules. We are pleased to announce the first \u201cMolecules Best Paper Award\u201d for 2012. Nominations were selected by the Editor-in-Chief and selected editorial board members from among all the papers published in 2008. Reviews and research papers were evaluated separately. We are pleased to announce that the following three papers have won the Molecules Best Paper Award in 2012: Sangmin Kim, Jae Hyuck Choi, Jong Bin Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Jung-Hyun Yang, Jung-Han Kim and Jeong Eon Lee Berberine Suppresses TNF-\u03b1-induced MMP-9 and Cell Invasion through Inhibition of AP-1 Activity in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells Molecules 2008, 13(12), 2975-2985; doi:10.3390/molecules13122975http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/13/12/2975/Available online: Faustine Dubar, Jamal Khalife, Jacques Brocard, Daniel Dive and Christophe Biot Ferroquine, an Ingenious Antimalarial Drug \u2013Thoughts on the Mechanism of Action Molecules 2008, 13(11), 2900-2907; doi:10.3390/molecules13112900 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/13/11/2900/Available online: Masakiyo Hosokawa Structure and Catalytic Properties of Carboxylesterase Isozymes Involved in Metabolic Activation of ProdrugsMolecules 2008, 13(2), 412-431; doi:10.3390/molecules13020412http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/13/2/412/Available online: Molecules and the scientific literature. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of Molecules, we would like to congratulate these three teams for their excellent work. In recognition for their accomplishment, Drs. Jung-Han Kim and Jeong Eon Lee, Dr. Christophe Biot and Dr. Masakiyo Hosokawa will receive prizes of 1000 CHF, 500 CHF, and 500 CHF, respectively, and the privilege of publishing an additional of their choice paper free of charge in Open Access format in Molecules, after the usual peer-review procedure. We believe these three exceptional papers represent valuable contributions to Editor-in-ChiefDr. Derek J. McPhee MDPI AG Postfach, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerlandmcphee@mdpi.comEmail: Editorial Board Member, Section \u2018Natural Products\u201dDr. John A. Beutler Molecular Targets Laboratory, Bldg 1052 Rm 110 NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USAbeutlerj@mail.nih.govEmail: Editorial Board Member, Section \u2018Medicinal Chemistry\u2019Prof. Dr. Jarkko Rautio School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finlandjarkko.t.rautio@uef.fiEmail: Editorial Board Member, Section \u2018Organic Synthesis\u2019Prof. Dr. Osmo E. O. Hormi Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa, P.O.Box 333, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finlandosmo.hormi@oulu.fiEmail: Editorial Board Member, Section \u2018Molecular Diversity\u2019Dr. Shu-Kun Lin MDPI AG, Postfach, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland. Office: Kandererstrasse 25, 4057 Basel, Swizerlandlin@mdpi.comEmail:"}
{"text": "The correct name order is: Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade Abejirinde. The correct citation is: Engelbert Bain L, Zweekhorst MBM, Amoakoh-Coleman M, Muftugil-Yalcin S, Abejirinde I-OO, Becquet R, et al. (2019) To keep or not to keep? Decision making in adolescent pregnancies in Jamestown, Ghana. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0221789."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Anlan Yang. The correct citation is: Sah RK, Yang A, Bah FB, Adlat S, Bohio AA, Oo ZM, et al. (2019) Transcriptome profiling of mouse brain and lung under Dip2a regulation using RNA-sequencing. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0213702."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Emerg Medhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-015-0051-4Departments of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, King Saud University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.The original article  contains"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Sumit R. Kumar. The correct citation is: Etinger A, Kumar SR, Ackley W, Soiefer L, Chun J, Singh P, et al. (2018) The effect of isohydric hemodialysis on the binding and removal of uremic retention solutes. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0192770."}
{"text": "The second author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Keith M. Channon.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214361The correct citation is: Smith JBE, Channon KM, Kiparoglou V, Forbes JF, Gray AM (2019) A macroeconomic assessment of the impact of medical research expenditure: A case study of NIHR Biomedical Research Centres. PLoS ONE 14(4): e0214361."}
{"text": "Multivalency regulates activity in an intrinsically disordered transcription factor. Published 1, May 2018After publication we became aware of three citations that should be included in the Materials and Methods.The  citation In the Materials and Methods subsection NMR experiments should also include Kazimierczuk et al., 2010.The new citation is shown below:J Magn Reson, 205(2), 286-292. doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2010.05.012Kazimierczuk, K., Zawadzka-Kazimierczuk, A., Kozminski, W. 2010. Non-uniform frequency domain for optimal exploitation of non-uniform sampling. The other two citations refer to the processing of non-uniformly sampled five-dimensional HN(CA)CONH and HabCabCONH spectra. The citations should be placed within the text as follows:\u201cAll two-dimensional spectra and the three-dimensional HNCO spectra were processed using TopSpin , and the non- uniformly sampled five-dimensional HN(CA)CONH and HabCabCONH spectra were processed with Sparse Multidimensional Fourier Transform  (the software for data processing is available online at the Warsaw University Laboratory (nmr.cent3.uw.edu.pl/software)).\u201dThe citations are shown below:J Magn Reson, 197(2), 219-228. doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2009.01.003Kazimierczuk, K., Zawadzka, A., Kozminski, W. 2009. Narrow peaks and high dimensionalities: exploiting the advantages of random sampling. J Biomol NMR, 47(1), 65-77. doi:10.1007/s10858-010-9411-2Stanek, J., Kozminski, W. (2010). Iterative algorithm of discrete Fourier transform for processing randomly sampled NMR data sets. The article has been corrected accordingly."}
{"text": "A. maculatum, A. triste and A. tigrinum by phylogenetic analysis of five molecular markers . In addition, the phenotypic diversity of adult ticks identified as A. maculatum and A. triste from geographically distinct populations was thoroughly re-examined.The goal of this study was to reassess the taxonomic status of A. maculatum - A. triste lineage, A. tigrinum was a monophyletic separate entity. Within the A. maculatum - A. triste cluster, three main clades were supported. The two morphotypes, corresponding to the western North American and eastern North American populations, consistently grouped in a single monophyletic clade with many shared mitochondrial sequences among ticks of the two areas. Ticks from the two remaining morphotypes, south-eastern South America and Peruvian, corresponded to two distinct clades.Microscopic examination identified four putative morphotypes distinguishable by disjunct geographical ranges, but very scant fixed characters. Analysis of the separated mitochondrial datasets mostly resulted in conflicting tree topologies. Nuclear gene sequences were almost identical throughout the geographical ranges of the two species, suggesting a very recent, almost explosive radiation of the terminal operational taxonomic units. Analysis of concatenated molecular datasets was more informative and indicated that, although genetically very close to the A. maculatum and A. triste should be synonymized and that morphological differences merely reflect very recent local adaptation to distinct environments in taxa that might be undergoing the first steps of speciation but have yet to complete lineage sorting. Nonetheless, future investigations using more sensitive nuclear markers and/or crossbreeding experiments might reveal the occurrence of very rapid speciation events in this group of taxa. Tentative node dating revealed that the A. tigrinum and A. maculatum - A. triste clades split about 2 Mya, while the A. maculatum - A.triste cluster radiated no earlier than 700,000 years ago.Given the paucity of morphological characters, the minimal genetic distance separating morphotypes, and more importantly the fact that two morphotypes are genetically indistinguishable, our data suggest that The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3186-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Amblyomma maculatum group includes, according to Camicas et al.  were incorporated in a concatenated dataset , including the unique A. maculatum, A. triste and A. tigrinum sequences. Amblyomma cajennense has been shown to be sufficiently close to the A. maculatum group to serve as alternate outgroup [A. tigrinum vs A. maculatum - A. triste, Peruvian vs all other clades, southern South American vs North American) by using DAMBE [A. maculatum group of species was performed by using the relaxed molecular clock model implemented in BEAST v.1.7.4 [A. cajennense complex [A. cajennense radiation set at 17 \u00b1 1.5 Mya.Additional outgroup sequences available for the 6 species of outgroup , with thoutgroup . In ordeng DAMBE . In adding DAMBE . A tenta v.1.7.4 , 63. Mon complex , 64, witAdditional file 1:Table S1. Geographical distribution of the 12S rDNA haplotypes. Abbreviations: PI, Piura; TU, Tumbes; GA, Georgia; FL, Florida; AZ, Arizona; SDE, Santiago del Estero; BA, Buenos Aires; CR, Corrientes; FO, Formosa; MGS, Mato Grosso do Sul; SP, S\u00e3o Paulo; GO, Goias; $, A. maculatum; %, A. triste; #, A. triste - A. maculatum; *, A. tigrinum. (XLSX 11 kb)Additional file 2:Table S2. Geographical distribution of the 16S rDNA haplotypes. Abbreviations: PI, Piura; TU, Tumbes; IC, Ica; GA, Georgia; FL, Florida; AZ, Arizona; SDE, Santiago del Estero; BA, Buenos Aires; CR, Corrientes; FO, Formosa; MGS, Mato Grosso do Sul; SP, S\u00e3o Paulo; GO, Goias; $, A. maculatum; %, A. triste; #, A. triste - A. maculatum; *, A. tigrinum. (XLSX 13 kb)Additional file 3:Table S3. Geographical distribution of the cox1 haplotypes. Abbreviations: PI, Piura; TU, Tumbes; IC, Ica; GA, Georgia; FL, Florida; AZ, Arizona; SDE, Santiago del Estero; BA, Buenos Aires; CR, Corrientes; FO, Formosa; MGS, Mato Grosso do Sul; SP, S\u00e3o Paulo; GO, Goias; $, A. maculatum; %, A. triste; #, A. triste - A. maculatum; *, A. tigrinum. (XLSX 13 kb)Additional file 4:Table S4. Geographical distribution of the DL haplotypes. Abbreviations: PI, Piura; TU, Tumbes; IC, Ica; GA, Georgia; FL, Florida; AZ, Arizona; SDE, Santiago del Estero; BA, Buenos Aires; CR, Corrientes; FO, Formosa; MGS, Mato Grosso do Sul; SP, S\u00e3o Paulo; GO, Goias; $, A. maculatum; %, A. triste; #, A. triste - A. maculatum; *, A. tigrinum. (XLSX 12 kb)Additional file 5:Table S5. Geographical distribution of the ITS2 genotypes. Abbreviations: PI, Piura; TU, Tumbes; GA, Georgia; FL, Florida; AZ, Arizona; BA, Buenos Aires; CR, Corrientes; FO, Formosa; MGS, Mato Grosso do Sul; SP, S\u00e3o Paulo; GO, Goias; SDE, Santiago del Estero; $, A. maculatum; %, A. triste; #, A.triste - A. maculatum; *, A. tigrinum. (XLSX 10 kb)"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Linda Bartu. The correct citation is: Lu S, Catalano C, Huhn S, Pardini B, Bartu L, Vymetalkova V, et al. (2019) Single nucleotide polymorphisms within MUC4 are associated with colorectal cancer survival. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216666."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Ali HA, Lomholt AF, Mahmoudpour SH, Hermanrud T, Bygum A, von Buchwald C, et al. (2019) Genetic susceptibility to angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor induced angioedema: A systematic review and evaluation of methodological approaches. PLoS ONE 14(11): e0224858."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Kulkarni K, Xie X, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Anderson A, Martemyanov KA, Wickman K, et al. (2018) The influences of the M2R-GIRK4-RGS6 dependent parasympathetic pathway on electrophysiological properties of the mouse heart. PLoS ONE 13(4): e0193798."}
{"text": "The correct title is: The circadian rhythm of bladder clock genes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. The correct citation is: Kimura Y, Honda M, Sasaki R, Yumioka T, Iwamoto H, Tsounapi P, et al. (2019) The circadian rhythm of bladder clock genes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0220381."}
{"text": "The correct name is Nezam Afdhal. The correct citation is: Navarro VJ, Belle SH, D\u2019Amato M, Afdhal N, Brunt EM, Fried MW, et al. (2019) Silymarin in non-cirrhotics with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0221683."}
{"text": "Expanding the single-visit approach for cervical cancer prevention: successes and lessons from Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):288\u2013298. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00328Harvey SA. Observe before you leap: why observation provides critical insights for formative research and intervention design that you'll never get from focus groups, Interviews, or KAP Surveys. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):299\u2013316. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00471. (French translation of the abstract added)Koffi TB, Weidert K, Ouro Bitasse E, et al. Engaging men in family planning: perspectives from married men in Lom\u00e9, Togo. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):317\u2013329. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00440Subramanian L, Simon C, Daniel EE. Increasing contraceptive use among young married couples in Bihar, India: evidence from a decade of implementation of the PRACHAR Project. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):330\u2013344. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00290Sarma S, Nemser B, Cole-Lewis H, et al. Effectiveness of SMS technology on timely community health worker follow-up for childhood malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):345\u2013355. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00427Marks KJ, Luthringer CL, Ruth LJ, et al. Review of grain fortification legislation, standards, and monitoring documents. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):356\u2013371. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417. (French translation of the abstract added)Ndiaye K, Portillo E, Ouedraogo D, Mobley A, Babalola S. High-risk advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy: tackling a neglected need through formative research and action. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):372\u2013383. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00318Kheang T, Lin MA, Lwin S, et al. Malaria case detection among mobile populations and migrant workers in Myanmar: comparison of 3 service delivery approaches. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):384\u2013389. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00012Choi Y, Short Fabic M. Monitoring progress in equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of meeting demand for family planning. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):390\u2013401. We have added French translations of the abstracts for a number of articles from the June 2018 issue  in which the content focused on countries where the official language is French. This has affected the page numbering of these and subsequent articles. The new citations are as follows:"}
{"text": "Retraction Note: BMC Fam Pract (2018) 19:21https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-018-0713-xJournal of Family & Community Medicine [Al-Ghamdi S, Ahmad G, Ali AH, Bahakim N, Alomran S, Alhowikan W, et al. Al Kharj diabetic patients\u2019 perception about diabetes mellitus using revised-illness perception questionnaire (IPQ-R). BMC Family Practice. 2018;19:21Al-Ghamdi SH, Ahmad GAU, Ali AH, Bahakim NO, Alomran SI, Alhowikan WK, et al. How do Saudi diabetic patients perceive their illness? A multicenter survey using revised-illness perception questionnaire. Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 2018;25:2,75\u20138The editors have retracted this article  because Medicine  and is t"}
{"text": "There are errors in the Reference list.Reference 11 is incorrect. The correct reference is: Johnson U, Tranaeus U, Ivarsson A. Current status and future challenges in psychological research of sport injury prediction and prevention: A methodological perspective. Rev Psicol Deport 2014; 23: 401\u2013409.Reference 24 is incorrect. The correct reference is: De la Vega R, Rivera O, Ruiz R. Hardiness in endurance races: a comparison between skyrunning and 10 kilometers. Rev Psicol Deport 2011; 20: 445\u2013454.Reference 25 is incorrect. The correct reference is: Ruiz R, De la Vega R, Poveda J, Rosado A, Serpa S. Psychometric analysis of the resilience scale in the sport of football. Rev Psicol Deport 2012; 21: 143\u2013151.Reference 45 is incorrect. The correct reference is: Liberal R, Escudero JT, Cantallops J, Ponseti J. Psychological impact of sports injuries related to psychological well-being and the anxiety associated to competitive sports. Rev Psicol Deport 2014; 23: 451\u2013456.Reference 47 is incorrect. The correct reference is: Fernandes HM, Machado-Reis V, Vila\u00e7a-Alves J, Saavedra F, Aidar FJ, Brustad R. Social support and sport injury recovery: An overview of empirical findings and practical implications. Rev Psicol Deport 2014; 23: 445\u2013449."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-018-23151-6, published online 21 March 2018Correction to: This Article contains an error in Reference 26 which was incorrectly given as:Hydrology5, 3, 10.3390/hydrology5010012 (2017).Scheihing, K., Moya, C., Struck, U., Lictevout, E. & Tr\u00f6ger, U. Reassessing Hydrological Processes That Control Stable Isotope Tracers in Groundwater of the Atacama Desert (Northern Chile). The correct reference is listed below:Hydrology5, 3, 10.3390/hydrology5010003 (2017).Scheihing, K., Moya, C., Struck, U., Lictevout, E. & Tr\u00f6ger, U. Reassessing Hydrological Processes That Control Stable Isotope Tracers in Groundwater of the Atacama Desert (Northern Chile)."}
{"text": "Expanding the single-visit approach for cervical cancer prevention: successes and lessons from Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):288\u2013298. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00328Harvey SA. Observe before you leap: why observation provides critical insights for formative research and intervention design that you'll never get from focus groups, Interviews, or KAP Surveys. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):299\u2013316. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00471. (French translation of the abstract added)Koffi TB, Weidert K, Ouro Bitasse E, et al. Engaging men in family planning: perspectives from married men in Lom\u00e9, Togo. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):317\u2013329. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00440Subramanian L, Simon C, Daniel EE. Increasing contraceptive use among young married couples in Bihar, India: evidence from a decade of implementation of the PRACHAR Project. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):330\u2013344. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00290Sarma S, Nemser B, Cole-Lewis H, et al. Effectiveness of SMS technology on timely community health worker follow-up for childhood malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):345\u2013355. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00427Marks KJ, Luthringer CL, Ruth LJ, et al. Review of grain fortification legislation, standards, and monitoring documents. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):356\u2013371. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417. (French translation of the abstract added)Ndiaye K, Portillo E, Ouedraogo D, Mobley A, Babalola S. High-risk advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy: tackling a neglected need through formative research and action. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):372\u2013383. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00318Kheang T, Lin MA, Lwin S, et al. Malaria case detection among mobile populations and migrant workers in Myanmar: comparison of 3 service delivery approaches. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):384\u2013389. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00012Choi Y, Short Fabic M. Monitoring progress in equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of meeting demand for family planning. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):390\u2013401. We have added French translations of the abstracts for a number of articles from the June 2018 issue  in which the content focused on countries where the official language is French. This has affected the page numbering of these and subsequent articles. The new citations are as follows:"}
{"text": "There is an error in the fourth author\u2019s name in the author byline and citation. The correct byline is:Jimmy Rodriguez Murillo, Magdalena Kuras, Melinda Rezeli, Tasso Miliotis, Lazaro Betancourt, Gyorgy Marko-VargaThe correct citation is:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208562Murillo JR, Kuras M, Rezeli M, Miliotis T, Betancourt L, Marko-Varga G (2018) Automated phosphopeptide enrichment from minute quantities of frozen malignant melanoma tissue. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0208562."}
{"text": "Pharmacology Research & Perspectives Journal, 2014, 2(6), (DOI: 10.1002/prp2.70), contains an error in the fifth author's nameThe original version of this paper, published in The correct author listing is:Roy Chowdhury, Parasuraman Jaisankar & Hemanta K. MajumderAmartya Mishra, Jayaraman Vinayagam, Sourav Saha, Sayan Chowdhury, Somenath"}
{"text": "There are errors in the Hip circumference and Waist circumference values in There is an error in reference 14. The correct reference is: Asare-Anane H, Bawah AT, Osa-Andrews B, Adanu R, Ofori EK, Tagoe, Bani S A, Ateko EA R O, AK Nyarko. Lipid Profile In Ghanaian Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Sci Technol Res. 2013;2(4):168\u201375."}
{"text": "The name should be indexed as: Ayoya MA. The correct citation is: Kodish SR, Rohner F, Beauliere J-M, Daffe M, Ayoya MA, Wirth JP, et al. (2018) Implications of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Guinea: Qualitative findings to inform future health and nutrition-related responses. PLoS ONE 13(8): e0202468. In the Acknowledgments section, the final contributor\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Meagan Harrison."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct affiliations information is given below:3 Heritage Victor Valley Medical Group, Big Bear Lake, CA, USA4 Department of Critical Care and Telemetry, Citrus Valley Health Partners, West Covina, CA, USA31120-31132. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.25693Original article: Oncotarget. 2018; 9:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Tarik Benmarhnia. The correct citation is: Vijayaraghavan M, Benmarhnia T, Pierce JP, White MM, Kempster J, Shi Y, et al. (2018) Income disparities in smoking cessation and the diffusion of smoke-free homes among U.S. smokers: Results from two longitudinal surveys. PLoS ONE 13(7): e0201467."}
{"text": "Open Heart 2019;6:e001132. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001132Salmonsmith JA, Ducci A, Burriesci G. Does transcatheter aortic valve alignment matter? The license type of the paper has changed from CC BY-NC to CC BY."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Melanie Maier. The correct citation is: Huruy K, Mulu A, Liebert UG, Maier M (2018) HIV-1C proviral DNA for detection of drug resistance mutations. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0205119."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Caza F, Granger Joly de Boissel P, Villemur R, Betoulle S, St-Pierre Y (2019) Liquid biopsies for omics-based analysis in sentinel mussels. PLoS ONE 14(10): e0223525."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Derick W. Brinkerhoff. The correct citation is: Van Belle S, Boydell V, George AS, Brinkerhoff DW, Khosla R (2018) Broadening understanding of accountability ecosystems in sexual and reproductive health and rights: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0196788."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ahmed Soliman. The correct citation is: Mesbah S, Shalaby AM, Stills S, Soliman A, Willhite A, Harkema SJ, et al. (2019) Novel stochastic framework for automatic segmentation of human thigh MRI volumes and its applications in spinal cord injured individuals. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216487."}
{"text": "There was a formatting error in the title of the article. The word \"near\" should have been capitalized. The correct title is: Revealing Topological Organization of Human Brain Functional Networks with Resting-State Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy.The correct citation is: Niu H, Wang J, Zhao T, Shu N, He Y (2012) Revealing Topological Organization of Human Brain Functional Networks with Resting-State Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. PLoS ONE 7(9): e45771. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045771"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Saidulu Mattapally. The correct citation is: LaBarge W, Mattapally S, Kannappan R, Fast VG, Pretorius D, Berry JL, et al. (2019) Maturation of three-dimensional, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte spheroids utilizing cyclic, uniaxial stretch and electrical stimulation. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0219442."}
{"text": "The aim of this study was to describe growth during puberty in young people with vertically acquired HIV.Pooled data from 12 paediatric HIV cohorts in Europe and Thailand.z-score (HAZ) (WHO references) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Multivariate regression explored characteristics associated with these three parameters.One thousand and ninety-four children initiating a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or boosted protease inhibitor based regimen aged 1\u201310 years were included. Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) models described growth from age 8 years using three parameters , dependent on age and height-for-age At ART initiation, median age and HAZ was 6.4  years and \u22121.2 (IQR: \u22122.3 to \u22120.2), respectively. Median follow-up was 9.1  years. In girls, older age and lower HAZ at ART initiation were independently associated with a growth spurt which occurred 0.41  years later in children starting ART age 6 to 10 years compared with 1 to 2 years and 1.50 (1.21\u20131.78) years later in those starting with HAZ less than \u22123 compared with HAZ at least \u22121. Later growth spurts in girls resulted in continued height growth into later adolescence. In boys starting ART with HAZ less than \u22121, growth spurts were later in children starting ART in the oldest age group, but for HAZ at least \u22121, there was no association with age. Girls and boys who initiated ART with HAZ at least \u22121 maintained a similar height to the WHO reference mean.Stunting at ART initiation was associated with later growth spurts in girls. Children with HAZ at least \u22121 at ART initiation grew in height at the level expected in HIV negative children of a comparable age. The median time between height measurements was 2.8  months, with some variation by cohort ranging from every 1.8  months in Thailand to 8.3  months in Greece.In total, 1943 young people with HIV initiated ART on an eligible regimen age 1\u201310 years and were at least 8 years old at the end of follow-up  and age was 6.4  years. Characteristics of children at ART initiation, stratified by baseline HAZ, are described in Table P\u200a<\u200a0.001) (Supplementary Table 2).At the end of the study, 493 (45%) children had reached their 16th birthday while still in paediatric care , there was a significant interaction between sex and being born abroad on timing of the growth spurt (P\u200a=\u200a0.038). Girls born abroad experienced a growth spurt 0.24 (0.02\u20130.46) years earlier than those born in the cohort country, although there was no association in boys. However, after adjusting for zBMI at age 8, the association was no longer significant [growth spurt for girls born abroad was 0.18 (\u22120.05 to 0.42) years earlier].In subgroup analysis .4In this study, we described growth throughout adolescence in a large cohort of young people with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand. Although all adolescents in the study initiated ART before age 11 years, growth deficits remained throughout adolescence. Only children with HAZ at least \u22121 when starting ART were able to achieve a similar height to the WHO reference at age 16 years, suggesting that for others, catch up growth associated with being on ART long term was not sufficient to restore height to what would be expected in an HIV-negative population.+ cell count after starting ART, but there was no similar association in girls. Undernutrition early in life was also found to have a stronger association with adult height in women than men in the Netherlands [We observed an association between older age at ART initiation and later growth spurts in boys (with HAZ <\u22121 at ART initiation) and girls, in line with findings from the Antiretroviral research for Watoto (ARROW) trial wherein attainment of each tanner stage and onset of menarche was delayed in those starting ART at older ages . We alsoherlands . Althoug+ cell count and high viral load at first pubertal assessment were associated with later pubertal onset. Among boys, prior CDC C, low nadir CD4% or high peak viral load were also associated with later puberty [After accounting for HAZ and age at ART initiation, we found no association between WHO immunological status or viral load at ART initiation and growth. Similarly, the ARROW trial found immune suppression prior to ART was not associated with delayed puberty or menarche . Other s puberty . HoweverWe found zBMI at ART initiation and age 8 to be associated with the timing of the growth spurt, with no evidence of a difference between boys and girls. We also observed that girls born abroad experienced an earlier pubertal growth spurt than girls born in the cohort country, but the differences in the timing of the growth spurt reduced after adjusting for zBMI at age 8. In girls, a relationship between low BMI and delayed puberty has been found in multiple studies . DiffereThis study had several limitations; as with all observational studies, our findings on the association between age and HAZ at ART initiation and growth should not be over interpreted or assumed to be causative. At ART initiation, stunting was strongly correlated with immunosuppression, viral load and zBMI and may be a marker for poor immunological status and other impairments. Children starting ART at older ages represent a group who have survived without treatment and possibly with limited access to care and so may be subject to a survivor bias. Had ART initiation been delayed in those who started at a young age, the observed delay in the growth spurt associated with starting ART at an older age may have been less in this group who would also have been more likely to have access to healthcare and regular monitoring. Nonetheless, the findings provide insight in to growth patterns among children presenting to care and starting ART at different ages.Inclusion criteria applied also lead to the potential for selection bias. We excluded children with missing height data. Multiple imputation was not possible, as other data, such as immunological and virological status, at ART initiation, likely to be strong predictors of baseline height were missing in more than half of the children with missing heights. We excluded young people from Russia, Ukraine and Italy where height data were not routinely recorded. Further, the cohorts included in EPPICC range from national coverage to city hospitals leading to potential for bias where children treated in large city hospitals are not representative of others in the country. Our analyses were restricted to children aged 1\u201310 years at ART initiation. The number of infants initiating ART under age 1 year was small, with high rates of missing baseline data. A further limitation is the lack of quantitative measures of pubertal status such as Tanner stage and date of onset of menarche, which is not routinely collected by the majority of participating cohorts. However, differences in timing of the growth spurt are likely to be indicative of differences in the timing of onset of puberty.z-scores at ART initiation. Although the WHO growth standards were developed to assess growth globally, children from Thailand were significantly shorter than those residing in Europe and the WHO reference may overestimate stunting as compared to Thailand's own national growth reference [Finally, we used the WHO growth standard  and groweference . HoweverDespite these limitations, the study has several strengths. The collaborative nature of the study provides a rich source of longitudinal height measurements from a large sample of young people living with HIV followed during childhood and adolescence and the use of SITAR models provides insight into growth during puberty in the absence of quantitative measures of pubertal status.z-score (HAZ \u2265\u22121) remained with a \u2018normal\u2019 height throughout adolescence. Those who initiated ART stunted or severely stunted were less likely to achieve \u2018normal\u2019 height. We also demonstrated that in girls, regardless of age at ART initiation, stunting at time of initiation was associated with a later pubertal growth spurt, and this continued growth into later adolescents may allow those most severely stunted to catch-up somewhat. However, longer-term follow-up is required to understand the potential implications of delayed pubertal growth on outcomes in later life.In summary, we have shown that children who initiate ART at younger ages are taller. Children who initiate ART with a \u2018normal\u2019 height for age 5We thank all the patients for their participation in these cohorts, and the staff members who cared for them.Author contributors: Writing Group , and also other Writing Group members ):Project Team: Siobhan Crichton (EPPICC statistician), Eric Belfrage , Intira Jeanne Collins (Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study (CHIPS), UK and Ireland), Katja Doerholt (Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study (CHIPS), UK and Ireland), Ali Judd (co-lead of EPPICC), Sophie Le Coeur (Thailand Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment (PHPT) Study Group, Thailand), Vana Spoulou , Ruth Goodall (EPPICC senior statistician).Other Writing Group members: Henriette Scherpbier, Colette Smit ; Tessa Goetghebuer ; Diana M. Gibb (Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study (CHIPS) and National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood (NSHPC), UK & Ireland); Antoni Noguera  Maria Luisa Navarro, Jose Tomas Ramos ; Luisa Galli ; Carlo Giaquinto, Claire Thorne (Paediatric European Network for the Treatment of AIDS (PENTA), Italy); Santa Ansone ; Magdalena Marczynska ; Liubov Okhonskaia ; Bego\u00f1a Martinez de Tejada ; Gonzague Jourdain, Luc Decker (Thailand Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment (PHPT) Study Group, Thailand); Luminita Ene .COLLABORATING COHORTSBelgium: Hospital St Pierre Cohort, Brussels: Tessa Goetghebuer, MD, PhD; Marc Hainaut, MD PhD; Evelyne Van der Kelen, Research nurse; Marc Delforge, data manager.Greece: Greek cohort: Vana Spoulou.Italy: Italian Register for HIV infection in Children. Coordinators: Maurizio de Martino (Florence), Pier Angelo Tovo (Turin). Participants: Osimani Patrizia (Ancona), Domenico Larovere (Bari), Maurizio Ruggeri (Bergamo), Giacomo Faldella, Francesco Baldi (Bologna) Raffaele Badolato (Brescia), Carlotta Montagnani, Elisabetta Venturini, Catiuscia Lisi (Florence), Antonio Di Biagio, Lucia Taramasso (Genua), Vania Giacomet, Paola Erba, Susanna Esposito, Rita Lipreri, Filippo Salvini, Claudia Tagliabue (Milan), Monica Cellini (Modena), Eugenia Bruzzese, Andrea Lo Vecchio (Naples), Osvalda Rampon, Daniele Don\u00e0 (Padua), Amelia Romano , Icilio Dodi (Parma), Anna Maccabruni (Pavia), Rita Consolini (Pisa), Stefania Bernardi, Hyppolite Tchidjou Kuekou, Orazio Genovese (Rome), Paolina Olmeo (Sassari), Letizia Cristiano (Taranto), Antonio Mazza (Trento), Clara Gabiano, Silvia Garazzino (Turin), Antonio Pellegatta (Varese)Latvia: Latvian Cohort (Santa Ansone).Netherlands: The ATHENA database is maintained by Stichting HIV Monitoring and supported by a grant from the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport through the Centre for Infectious Disease Control of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment.CLINICAL CENTRES (PAEDIATRIC CARE)Emma Kinderziekenhuis, Amsterdam, University Medical Centers:HIV treating physicians: D. Pajkrt, H.J. Scherpbier. HIV nurse consultants: A.M. Weijsenfeld, C.G de Boer. HIV clinical virologists/chemists: S. Jurriaans, N.K.T. Back, H.L. Zaaijer, B. Berkhout, M.T.E. Cornelissen, C.J. Schinkel, K.C.wolthers. Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia, Rotterdam:HIV treating physicians: P.L.A. Fraaij, A.M.C. van Rossum, C.L. Vermont. HIV nurse consultants: L.C. van der Knaap, E.G. Visser. HIV clinical virologists/chemists: C.A.B. Boucher, M.P.G Koopmans, J.J.A van Kampen, S.D. Pas. Radboudumc, Nijmegen:HIV treating physicians: S.S.V. Henriet, M. van de Flier, K. van Aerde. HIV nurse consultants: R. Strik-Albers. HIV clinical virologists/chemists: J. Rahamat-Langendoen, F.F. Stelma. Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Groningen:HIV treating physicians: E.H. Sch\u00f6lvinck. HIV nurse consultants: H. de Groot-de Jonge. HIV clinical virologists/chemists: H.G.M. Niesters, C.C. van Leer-Buter, M. Knoester. Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht:HIV treating physicians: L.J. Bont, S.P.M. Geelen, T.F.W. Wolfs. HIV nurse consultants: N. Nauta. HIV clinical virologists/chemists: R. Schuurman, F. Verduyn-Lunel, A.M.J. Wensing.COORDINATING CENTREDirector: P. Reiss. Deputy director: S. Zaheri. Data analysis: D.O. Bezemer, A.I. van Sighem, C. Smit, F.W.M.N. Wit. Data management and quality control: M. Hillebregt, A. de Jong, T. Woudstra. Data monitoring: D. Bergsma, S. Grivell, R. Meijering, M. Raethke, T. Rutkens. Data collection: L. de Groot, M. van den Akker, Y. Bakker, M. Bezemer, A. El Berkaoui, J. Geerlinks, J. Koops, E. Kruijne, C. Lodewijk, E. Lucas, R. van der Meer, L. Munjishvili, F. Paling, B. Peeck, C. Ree, R. Regtop, Y. Ruijs, L. van de Sande, M. Schoorl, P. Schn\u00f6rr, E. Tuijn, L. Veenenberg, S. van der Vliet, A. Wisse, E.C. Witte. Patient registration: B. Tuk.Poland: Polish paediatric cohort: Head of the team: Prof Magdalena Marczy\u0144ska, MD, PhD Members of the team: Jolanta Popielska, MD, PhD; Maria Pokorska-\u015apiewak, MD, PhD; Agnieszka O\u0142dakowska, MD, PhD; Konrad Zawadka, MD, PhD; Urszula Coupland, MD, PhD Administration assistant: Ma\u0142gorzata Doroba. Affiliation: Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, Department of Children's Infectious Diseases; Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Poland.Romania: \u2018Victor Babes\u2019 Hospital Cohort, Bucharest: Dr Luminita Ene.Russia: Federal State-owned Institution \u2018Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital\u2019 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg: Liubov Okhonskaia, Evgeny Voronin, Milana Miloenko, Svetlana LabutinaSpain: CoRISPE-cat, Catalonia: financial support for CoRISPE-cat was provided by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the Red Tem\u00e1tica de Investigaci\u00f3n Cooperativa en Sida. Members: Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Barcelona ), Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona , Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Mar\u00eda M\u00e9ndez), Hospital Universitari JosepTrueta, Girona (Llu\u00eds Mayol), Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida , Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona , Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Matar\u00f3 (Lourdes Garc\u00eda), Hospital General de Granollers (Maite Coll), Corporaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Parc Taul\u00ed, Sabadell , Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus (Neus Rius), Fundaci\u00f3 Althaia, Manresa (N\u00faria Rovira), Hospital Son Espases, Mallorca (Joaqu\u00edn Due\u00f1as) and Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, Esplugues .Spain: CoRISPE-S and Madrid cohort: Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Mellado, Luis Escosa, Milagros Garc\u00eda Hortelano, Tal\u00eda Sainz ;Mar\u00eda Isabel Gonz\u00e1lez- Tom\u00e9, Pablo Rojo, Daniel Bl\u00e1zquez ; Jos\u00e9 Tom\u00e1s Ramos ; Luis Prieto, Sara Guill\u00e9n ; Mar\u00eda Luisa Navarro, Jes\u00fas Saavedra, Mar Santos, M\u00aa Angeles Mu\u00f1oz, Beatriz Ruiz, Carolina Fernandez Mc Phee, Santiago Jimenez de Ory,Susana Alvarez ; Miguel \u00c1ngel Roa ; Jos\u00e9 Beceiro ; Jorge Mart\u00ednez ; Katie Badillo ; Miren Apilanez ; Itziar Pocheville ; Elisa Garrote ; Elena Colino ; Jorge G\u00f3mez Sirvent ; M\u00f3nica Garz\u00f3n, Vicente Rom\u00e1n ; Abi\u00e1n Montesdeoca, Mercedes Mateo ,Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Mu\u00f1oz, Raquel Angulo ; Olaf Neth, Lola Falc\u00f3n ; Pedro Terol ; Juan Luis Santos ; David Moreno ; Francisco Lend\u00ednez ; Ana Grande ; Francisco Jos\u00e9 Romero ; Carlos P\u00e9rez ; Miguel Lillo ; Bego\u00f1a Losada ; Mercedes Herranz ; Matilde Bustillo, Carmelo Guerrero ; Pilar Collado ; Jos\u00e9 Antonio Couceiro ; Amparo P\u00e9rez, Ana Isabel Piqueras, Rafael Bret\u00f3n, Inmaculada Segarra ; C\u00e9sar Gavil\u00e1n ; Enrique Jare\u00f1o ; Elena Montesinos ; Marta Dapena ; Cristina \u00c1lvarez ; Ana Gloria Andr\u00e9s ; V\u00edctor Marug\u00e1n, Carlos Ochoa ; Santiago Alfayate, Ana Isabel Menasalvas ; Elisa de Miguel  and Paediatric HIV-BioBank integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network and collaborating Centers.Funding: This work has been partially funded by the Fundaci\u00f3n para la Investigaci\u00f3n y Prevenci\u00f3n de SIDA en Espa\u00f1a (FIPSE) , Red Tem\u00e1tica de Investigaci\u00f3n en SIDA (RED RIS) supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (RD12/0017/0035 and RD12/0017/0037), project as part of the Plan R+D+I and cofinanced by ISCIII- Subdirecci\u00f3n General de Evaluaci\u00f3n and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER),Mutua Madrile\u00f1a 2012/0077, Gilead Fellowship 2013/0071, FIS PI15/00694,CoRISpe (RED RIS RD06/0006/0035 y RD06/0006/0021).Sweden: Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm .Switzerland:Members of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) and the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study: Aebi-Popp K, Anagnostopoulos A, Asner S, Battegay M, Baumann M, Bernasconi E, B\u00f6ni J, Braun DL, Bucher HC, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ciuffi A, Duppenthaler A, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Francini K, Furrer H, Fux CA, Grawe C, G\u00fcnthard HF (President of the SHCS), Haerry D (deputy of \u2018Positive Council\u2019), Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, H\u00f6sli I, Huber M, Kahlert CR (Chairman of the Mother & Child Substudy), Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kottanattu L, Kouyos RD, Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, Martinez de Tejada B, Marzolini C, Metzner KJ, M\u00fcller N, Nicca D, Paioni P, Pantaleo G, Perreau M, Polli Ch, Rauch A (Chairman of the Scientific Board), Rudin C, Scherrer AU (Head of Data Centre), Schmid P, Speck R, St\u00f6ckle M , Tarr P, Thanh Lecompte M, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Wagner N, Wandeler G, Weber R, Wyler CA, Yerly S. Funding: This study has been financed within the framework of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant #177499).Thailand: Program for HIV Prevention & Treatment (PHPT). Participating hospitals: Lamphun: Pornpun Wannarit; Phayao Provincial Hospital: Pornchai Techakunakorn; Chiangrai Prachanukroh: Rawiwan Hansudewechakul; Chiang Kham: Vanichaya Wanchaitanawong; Phan: Sookchai Theansavettrakul; Mae Sai: Sirisak Nanta; Prapokklao: Chaiwat Ngampiyaskul; Banglamung: Siriluk Phanomcheong; Chonburi: Suchat Hongsiriwon; Rayong: Warit Karnchanamayul; Bhuddasothorn Chacheongsao: Ratchanee Kwanchaipanich; Nakornping: Suparat Kanjanavanit; Somdej Prapinklao: Nareerat Kamonpakorn, Maneeratn Nantarukchaikul; Bhumibol Adulyadej: Prapaisri Layangool, Jutarat Mekmullica; Pranangklao: Paiboon Lucksanapisitkul, Sudarat Watanayothin; Buddhachinaraj: Narong Lertpienthum; Hat Yai: Boonyarat Warachit; Regional Health Promotion Center 6, Khon Kaen: Sansanee Hanpinitsak; Nong Khai: Sathit Potchalongsin; Samutsakhon: Pimpraphai Thanasiri, Sawitree Krikajornkitti; Phaholpolphayuhasena: Pornsawan Attavinijtrakarn; Kalasin: Sakulrat Srirojana; Nakhonpathom: Suthunya Bunjongpak; Samutprakarn: Achara Puangsombat; Mahasarakam: Sathaporn Na-Rajsima; Roi-et: Pornchai Ananpatharachai; Sanpatong: Noppadon Akarathum; Vachira Phuket: Weerasak Lawtongkum; Chiangdao: Prapawan Kheunjan, Thitiporn Suriyaboon, Airada Saipanya.Data management team: Kanchana Than-in-at, Nirattiya Jaisieng, Rapeepan Suaysod, Sanuphong Chailoet, Naritsara Naratee, and Suttipong Kawilapat.UK & Ireland: Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study (CHIPS): CHIPS is funded by the NHS  and has received additional support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Abbott, and Gilead Sciences. The MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL is supported by the Medical Research Council (https://www.mrc.ac.uk) programme number MC_UU_12023/26.CHIPS Steering Committee: Hermione Lyall (chair), Alasdair Bamford, Karina Butler, Katja Doerholt, Conor Doherty, Caroline Foster, Kate Francis, Ian Harrison, Julia Kenny, Nigel Klein, Gillian Letting, Paddy McMaster, Fungai Murau, Edith Nsangi, Helen Peters, Katia Prime, Andrew Riordan, Fiona Shackley, Delane Shingadia, Sharon Storey, Claire Thorne, Gareth Tudor-Williams, Anna Turkova, Steve Welch. MRC Clinical Trials Unit: Intira Jeannie Collins, Claire Cook, Siobhan Crichton, Donna Dobson, Keith Fairbrother, Diana M. Gibb, Lynda Harper, Ali Judd, Marthe Le Prevost, Nadine Van Looy. National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood, UCL: Helen Peters, Claire Thorne.Participating hospitals: Republic of Ireland: Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, Dublin: K Butler, A Walsh. UK: University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham: L Thrasyvoulou, S Welch; University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol: J Bernatoniene, F Manyika; Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Halifax: G Sharpe; Derby Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust: B Subramaniam; Middlesex: K Sloper; East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Eastbourne: K Fidler, Glasgow Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow: R Hague, V Price; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London: M Clapson, J Flynn, A Cardoso M Abou \u2013 Rayyah, N Klein, D Shingadia; Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London: D Gurtin, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford: S Yeadon, S Segal; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London: C Ball, S Hawkins; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds: M Dowie; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester: S Bandi, E Percival; Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton: M Eisenhut; K Duncan, S Clough; Milton Keynes General University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes: Dr L Anguvaa, S Conway, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle: T Flood, A Pickering; The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester: P McMaster C Murphy; North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London: J Daniels, Y Lees; Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, Northampton: F Thompson; London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex; B Williams, S Pope; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham: L Cliffe, A Smyth, S Southall; Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth: A Freeman; Raigmore Hospital, Inverness: H Freeman; Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast: S Christie; Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading: A Gordon; Royal Children's Hospital, Aberdeen: D Rogahn L Clarke; Royal Edinburgh Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh: L Jones, B Offerman; Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London: M Greenberg; Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool: C Benson, A Riordan; Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield: L Ibberson, F Shackley; University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton: SN Faust, J Hancock; St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London: K Doerholt, K Prime, M Sharland, S Storey; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London: H Lyall, C Monrose, P Seery, G Tudor-Williams; Guy's and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London:, E Menson, A Callaghan; University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke On Trent: A Bridgwood, P McMaster; University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff: J Evans, E Blake; NHS Frimley Health Foundation Trust, Slough: A Yannoulias.http://penta-id.org). The MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL is supported by the Medical Research Council (programme number MC_UU_12023/26).Funding: EPPICC receives funding from the PENTA Foundation (5.1There are no conflicts of interest."}
{"text": "AbstractThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). The current contribution is the third in four papers that will constitute the baseline of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world.Oecobiidae and Salticidae, which encompassed Oecobiidae, Oonopidae, Orsolobidae, Oxyopidae, Palpimanidae, Philodromidae, Pholcidae, Pisauridae, Prodidomidae and Salticidae.A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognized species names for the group. The 200 selected species where divided taxonomically at the family level, and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 58 species belonging to the famillies alphabetically arranged between  The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species . It is bOne of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). The RLI helps to develop a better understanding of which taxa, regions or ecosystems are declining or improving their conservation status. It provides policy makers, stakeholders, conservation practitioners and the general public with sound knowledge of biodiversity status and change, and tools with which to make informed decisions. The RLI uses weight scores based on the Red List status of each of the assessed species. These scores range from 0 (Least Concern) to 5 (Extinct/Extinct in the Wild). Summing these scores across all species, relating them to the worst-case scenario - all species extinct, and comparing two or more points in time gives us an indication of how biodiversity is doing. At a global level, the RLI has been calculated for birds , mammalsOdonata are also in progress , of which the vast majority are from the Seychelles Islands or belong to the golden-orb weavers, Nephilidae (e.g. www.redlist.org).Spiders currently comprise over 47000 species described at a global level . Of thesdae e.g. . To thesdae e.g.  that wilOecobiidae and Salticidae, which encompassed Oecobiidae, Oonopidae, Orsolobidae, Oxyopidae, Palpimanidae, Philodromidae, Pholcidae, Pisauridae, Prodidomidae and Salticidae.A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the www.gbif.org) and also other sources . Whenever possible, with each species record we also collected additional information, namely habitat type and spatial error of coordinates.Species data were collected from all taxonomic bibliography available at the For all analyses we used the R package red - IUCN redlisting tools . This pa- for extremely range restricted species for which we assumed to know the full range, these values were classified as observed, the minimum convex polygon encompassing all observations used to calculate the EOO and the 2 km x 2 km cells known to be occupied used to calculate the AOO. When the EOO was smaller than the AOO, it was made equal as per the IUCN guidelines .- for widespread species or those for which we did not have confidence to know the full range, we performed species distribution modelling (SDM). This was done based on both climatic  and landTo infer on possible changes in range and/or abundance, and for forest species only, we have also consulted the Global Forest Watch portal , lookingSpecies sizes are total body size in mm and include the range for both males and females when known.Supplementary material 1Oecobiusrivula Shear, 1970Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171413.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 2Oecobiustrimaculatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203757.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 3Caecoonopscubitermitis Benoit, 1964Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171165.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 4Oonopinusaurantiacus Simon, 1893Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171194.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 5Oonopstectulus Chickering, 1970Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171195.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 6Scaphidysderinanapo Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2011Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171196.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 7Scaphiellatena Platnick & Dup\u00e9rr\u00e9, 2010Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171197.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 8Tapinesthisinermis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171198.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 9Xyccarphmyops Brignoli, 1978Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171199.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 10Maoriatamagna Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171200.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 11Tasmanoonopshickmani Forster & Platnick, 1985Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171201.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 12Hamataliwacordata Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2005Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171202.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 13Boagriuspumilus Simon, 1893Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_205355.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 14Philodromusgertschi Schick, 1965Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171204.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 15Suemustibelliformis Simon, 1909Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171205.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 16Belisanaanhuiensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionBrief description: Only the southern record representing the type locality is considered relevant.File: oo_171206.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 17Carapoiafowleri Huber, 2000Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171207.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 18Modisimuscuadro Huber & Fischer, 2010Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171166.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 19Pholcusjixianensis Zhu & Yu, 1983Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203812.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 20Smeringopusnatalensis Lawrence, 1947Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171209.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 21Spermophorajocquei Huber, 2003Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171210.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 22Charminuscamerunensis Thorell, 1899Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171211.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 23Dolomedesmendigoetmopasi Barrion, 1995Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203813.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 24Dolomedestenebrosus Hentz, 1844Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_205338.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 25Hygropodalongitarsis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171215.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 26Prodidomuswoodleigh Platnick & Baehr, 2006Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171224.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 27Theumaaprica Simon, 1893Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171218.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 28Afraflacilladatuntata Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203831.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 29Attuluszaisanicus Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203832.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 30Bathippuslatericius Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171219.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 31Bathippusrechingeri Kulczyn'ski, 1910Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171220.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 32Brettuscelebensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171221.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 33Carrhotusviduus Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203839.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 34Corythaliatropica Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_205349.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 35Grayenullaaustralensis Zabka, 1992Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171415.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 36Heliophanuscapicola Simon, 1901Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171416.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 37Helvetiastridulans Ruiz & Brescovit, 2008Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171417.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 38Jerzegobipartitus Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203847.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 39Menemerusmirabilis Wesolowska, 1999Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171427.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 40Myrmarachnebicolor Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_205339.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 41Myrmarachnepaviei Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171428.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 42Noeguspetrusewiczi Caporiacco, 1947Distirbution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171431.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 43Parahelpisabnormis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171432.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 44Pelegrinaaeneola Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171433.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 45Pharacocerusfagei Berland & Millot, 1941Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203548.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 46Phidippusworkmani Peckham & Peckham, 1901Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_205348.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 47Plexippusclemens Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203558.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 48Pristobaeusclarus Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203853.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 49Rhenecancer Wesolowska & Cumming, 2008Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171446.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 50Rhenehinlalakea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171447.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 51Rheneipis Fox, 1937Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_205347.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 52Salticustricinctus C. L. Koch, 1846Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203562.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 53Sidusacambridgei Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203593.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 54Synagelidesgosainkundicus Bohdanowicz, 1987Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171452.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 55Synemosynaaurantiaca Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171453.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 56Taualaminutus Wanless, 1988Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171455.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 57Thyeneaustralis Peckham & Peckham, 1903Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171461.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 58Titanattuspaganus Chickering, 1946Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_171462.kmlCardoso, P."}
{"text": "Yoshitaka Fujii.\u00a0The Publisher apologises that the implementation of this retraction was delayed due to an administrative oversight.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X03001590Fujii Y, Tanaka H, Kawasaki T. A randomised, double-blind comparison of granisetron alone and combined with dexamethasone for post-laparoscopic choleystectomy emetic symptoms. Current Therapeutic Research 2003;64:514-21.\u00a0https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011393X04800018Fujii Y, Tanaka H, Somekawa Y. Treatment of postoperative emetic symptoms with granisetron in women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Current Therapeutic Research 2004;65:321-9."}
{"text": "There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are:Conceptualization: Samantha Donnelly, Suzanne DeanData curation: Shohreh RazavyFormal analysis: Shohreh RazavyInvestigation: Samantha Donnelly, Suzanne DeanMethodology: Tracy Levett-JonesProject administration: Suzanne DeanSupervision: Tracy Levett-JonesWriting\u2013original draft: Samantha DonnellyWriting\u2013review & editing: Shohreh Razavy, Suzanne Dean, Tracy Levett-Jonessamantha.donnelly@uts.edu.au. The publisher apologizes for these errors.The second author, Suzanne Dean, is incorrectly noted as the corresponding author. The correct corresponding author is Samantha Donnelly. Dr. Donnelly\u2019s email address is:"}
{"text": "Regarding the article \u201cDiagnostic evaluation of risk for bleeding in cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation\u201d, with DOI number: 1518-8345.2523.3092, published in Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem, 2018;26:e3092, page 5:Where was written:Now Read:"}
{"text": "Morozova-Roche, to appear incorrectly in the citation. As a result, the fifth author\u2019s name is indexed incorrectly. The correct initials are: Morozova-Roche LA. The correct citation is: Huang Q, Sun D, Zubair Hussain M, Liu Y, Morozova-Roche LA, Zhang C (2019) HEWL interacts with dissipated oleic acid micelles, and decreases oleic acid cytotoxicity. PLoS ONE 14(2): e0212648."}
{"text": "Correction to: Genome Biolhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1602-2Following publication of the original article , the autIncorrect author name: Avazeh GhanbarianCorrect author name: Avazeh T. GhanbarianAvazeh T. Ghanbarian is affiliated with \u2018European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, Cambridge, UK, CB10 1SD\u2019."}
{"text": "Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma evansi infections on health of Southern coati (Nasua nasua), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), and ocelot  in the Brazilian Pantanal. PLoS ONE 13(8): e0201357. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201357There are errors in the author abbreviations of the citation. Please see the correct citation here: Santos FM, Macedo GC, Barreto WTG, Oliveira-Santos LGR, Garcia CM, Mour\u00e3o GM, et al. (2018) Outcomes of"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Hana Zandkarimi. The correct citation is: Pilcher W, Zandkarimi H, Arceneaux K, Harrison S, Baisakh N (2017) Genome-wide microarray analysis leads to identification of genes in response to herbicide, metribuzin in wheat leaves. PLoS ONE 12(12): e0189639."}
{"text": "ABCD staff team communicates formal Retraction about the article below:Fernandez OOA, Pereira JA, Campos FG, Araya CM, Marinho GE, Novo RS, Oliveira TS,Franceschi YT, Martinez CAR. EVALUATION OF ENEMAS CONTAINING SUCRALFATE IN TISSUECONTENT OF MUC-2 PROTEIN IN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DIVERSION COLITIS. Arq Bras Cir Dig.2018 Aug 16;31(3):e1391. doi: 10.1590/0102-672020180001e1391since it was proved it's duplicate publication that was available in a previous editionof Brazilian Journal of Digestive SurgeryFernandez OOA, Pereira JA, Campos FG, Araya CM, Marinho GE, Novo RS, Oliveira TS,Franceschi YT, Martinez CAR. EVALUATION OF ENEMAS CONTAINING SUCRALFATE IN TISSUECONTENT OF MUC-2 PROTEIN IN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DIVERSION COLITIS. Arq Bras Cir Dig.2017 Apr-Jun;30(2):132-138. doi: 10.1590/0102-6720201700020012Prof. Dr. Osvaldo MalafaiaEditor-in-Chief"}
{"text": "The correct name is Tobias F. Rinke de Wit. The correct citation is: Mekuria LA, Rinke de Wit TF, Spieker N, Koech R, Nyarango R, Ndwiga S, et al. (2019) Analyzing data from the digital healthcare exchange platform for surveillance of antibiotic prescriptions in primary care in urban Kenya: A mixed-methods study. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0222651."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Charkhabi M, Khalezov E, Kotova T, Baker JS, Dutheil F, Arsalidou M (2019) School engagement of children in early grades: Psychometric, and gender comparisons. PLoS ONE 14(11): e0225542."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-019-38611-w, published online 14 February 2019Correction to: This Article contains errors in Reference 16, which is incorrectly given as:et al. Conception of a New Recoil Proton Telescope for Real-Time Neutron Spectrometry in Proton-Therapy. EPJ Web of Conferences 170, 09001, 10.1051/epjconf/201817009001 (2018).Lyoussi, A. The correct reference is listed below:et al., Conception of a New Recoil Proton Telescope for Real-Time Neutron Spectrometry in Proton-Therapy. EPJ Web of Conferences 170, 09001, 10.1051/epjconf/201817009001 (2018).Combe R."}
{"text": "Expanding the single-visit approach for cervical cancer prevention: successes and lessons from Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):288\u2013298. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00328Harvey SA. Observe before you leap: why observation provides critical insights for formative research and intervention design that you'll never get from focus groups, Interviews, or KAP Surveys. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):299\u2013316. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00471. (French translation of the abstract added)Koffi TB, Weidert K, Ouro Bitasse E, et al. Engaging men in family planning: perspectives from married men in Lom\u00e9, Togo. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):317\u2013329. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00440Subramanian L, Simon C, Daniel EE. Increasing contraceptive use among young married couples in Bihar, India: evidence from a decade of implementation of the PRACHAR Project. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):330\u2013344. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00290Sarma S, Nemser B, Cole-Lewis H, et al. Effectiveness of SMS technology on timely community health worker follow-up for childhood malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):345\u2013355. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00427Marks KJ, Luthringer CL, Ruth LJ, et al. Review of grain fortification legislation, standards, and monitoring documents. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):356\u2013371. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417. (French translation of the abstract added)Ndiaye K, Portillo E, Ouedraogo D, Mobley A, Babalola S. High-risk advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy: tackling a neglected need through formative research and action. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):372\u2013383. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00318Kheang T, Lin MA, Lwin S, et al. Malaria case detection among mobile populations and migrant workers in Myanmar: comparison of 3 service delivery approaches. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):384\u2013389. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00012Choi Y, Short Fabic M. Monitoring progress in equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of meeting demand for family planning. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):390\u2013401. We have added French translations of the abstracts for a number of articles from the June 2018 issue  in which the content focused on countries where the official language is French. This has affected the page numbering of these and subsequent articles. The new citations are as follows:"}
{"text": "The author\u2019s first name is Hamid Rahmatullah. The author\u2019s last name is Bin Abd Razak. The correct citation is: Leung YY, Bin Abd Razak HR, Talaei M, Ang L-W, Yuan J-M, Koh W-P (2018) Duration of physical activity, sitting, sleep and the risk of total knee replacement among Chinese in Singapore, the Singapore Chinese Health Study. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0202554."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct author affiliation is given below:1 Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA10987-10994. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.23743Original article: Oncotarget. 2018; 9:"}
{"text": "Campylobacter jejuni isolated in Italy from humans, birds from wild and urban habitats, and poultry. PLoS ONE 14(10): e0223804. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223804.The third author's name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Lisa Di Marcantonio. The correct citation is: Marotta F, Garofolo G, Di Marcantonio L, Di Serafino G, Neri D, Romantini R, et al. (2019) Antimicrobial resistance genotypes and phenotypes of"}
{"text": "Agrilus planipennis, Fairmaire, an Asian invasive alien buprestid has devastated tens of millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. Foliar phytochemicals of the genus Fraxinus (Oleaceae): Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Green ash), F. americana (White ash), F. profunda (Bush) Bush. (Pumpkin ash), F. quadrangulata Michx. (Blue ash), F. nigra Marsh. (Black ash) and F. mandshurica (Manchurian ash) were investigated using HPLC-MS/MS and untargeted metabolomics. HPLC-MS/MS help identified 26 compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids and coumarins in varying amounts. Hydroxycoumarins, esculetin, esculin, fraxetin, fraxin, fraxidin and scopoletin were isolated from blue, black and Manchurian ashes. High-throughput metabolomics revealed 35 metabolites, including terpenes, secoiridoids and lignans. Metabolomic profiling indicated several upregulated putative compounds from Manchurian ash, especially fraxinol, ligstroside, oleuropin, matairesinol, pinoresinol glucoside, 8-hydroxypinoresinol-4-glucoside, verbenalin, hydroxytyrosol-1-O-glucoside, totarol and ar-artemisene. Further, dicyclomine, aphidicolin, parthenolide, famciclovir, ar-turmerone and myriocin were identified upregulated in blue ash. Principal component analysis demonstrated a clear separation between Manchurian and blue ashes from black, green, white and pumpkin ashes. The presence of defensive compounds upregulated in Manchurian ash, suggests their potential role in providing constitutive resistance to EAB, and reflects its co-evolutionary history with A. planipennis, where they appear to coexist in their native habitats.The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB),  Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive wood-borer indigenous to Asia that has caused widespread mortality of North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) https://xcmsonline.scripps.edu) bioinformatics platform [m/z = 15 ppm, minimum peak width = 10 s and maximum peak width = 120 s); obiwarp settings for retention-time correction (prof Step = 1); and parameters for chromatogram alignment, including mzwid = 0.015, minfrac = 0.5 and bw = 5. The relative quantification of metabolite features was based on peak areas [Data were analyzed using multi-group method of XCMS online  of the ash genome encodes unique or orphan genes [The autonomous untargeted metabolomics provided High-throughput screening and metabolic profiling of phytochemicals from six an genes , metabol"}
{"text": "The fourth author\u2019s name appears incorrectly. Please see the corrected citation here: Acosta FM, Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, Alcantara JMA, Acosta-Manzano P, Morales-Artacho AJ, et al. (2018) Physiological responses to acute cold exposure in young lean men. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0196543."}
{"text": "In the Author Contributions, Poramate Manoonpong (PM) should be listed as one of the persons who acquired funding.There is an error in affiliation 1 for author Krisna Rungruangsak-Torrissen. The correct affiliation 1 is: Institute of Marine Research, Ecosystem Processes Research Group, Matre Research Station, Matredal, Norway. The publisher apologizes for the error.http://www.novapublishers.org/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=38114There are errors in references 1, 2, and 3, The correct reference 1 is: Rungruangsak-Torrissen K. Trypsin and its implementations for growth, maturation, and dietary quality assessment. In: Weaver K, Kelley C, editors. Trypsin: Structure, Biosynthesis and Functions. New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc; 2012. pp. 1\u201359. https://novapublishers.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/978-1-63117-570-1_ch6.pdfThe correct reference 2 is: Rungruangsak-Torrissen K. Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L.: Genetic Variations in Protein Metabolism and Growth. In: Woo PTK, Noakes DJ, editors. Salmon: Biology, Ecological Impacts and Economical Importance. New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc; 2014. pp. 85\u2013120. https://novapublishers.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/978-1-63117-570-1_ch7.pdf. The publisher apologizes for the errors.The correct reference 3 is: Rungruangsak-Torrissen K. Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L.: Food Utilization, Protein Growth Efficiency and Maturation. In: Woo PTK, Noakes DJ, editors. Salmon: Biology, Ecological Impacts and Economical Importance. New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc; 2014. pp. 121\u2013154."}
{"text": "AbstractScorzonera comprises 180\u2013190 species and belongs to the subtribe Scorzonerinae. Its circumscription has long been the subject of debate and available molecular phylogenetic analyses affirmed the polyphyly of Scorzonera in its wide sense. We provide a re-evaluation of Scorzonera and other related genera, based on carpological  and extended molecular phylogenetic analyses. We present, for the first time, a comprehensive sampling, including Scorzonera in its widest sense and all other genera recognised in the Scorzonerinae. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses, based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS and of two plastid markers  and Maximum Parsimony for reconstructing the carpological character states at ancestral nodes. Achene characters, especially related to pericarp anatomy, such as general topography of the tissue types, disposition of the mechanical tissue and direction of its fibres, presence or absence of air cavities, provide, in certain cases, support for the phylogenetic lineages revealed. Confirming the polyphyly of Scorzonera, we propose a revised classification of the subtribe, accepting the genera Scorzonera , Gelasia, Lipschitziagen. nov. (for the Scorzoneradivaricata clade), Pseudopodospermum, Pterachaenia , Ramaliellagen. nov. (for the S.polyclada clade) and Takhtajaniantha. A key to the revised genera and a characterisation of the genera and major clades are provided. Scorzonera L. with some 180\u2013190 species is the largest and name-giving genus of the subtribe Scorzonerinae of the Cichorieae  of bristles with long soft and often intertwining fimbriae , Gelasia  are separated into lineages with different basic chromosome numbers  to investigate the variation in achene and pappus morphology and anatomy across the entire subtribe, to define carpological characters and states and to optimise them on to the new molecular phylogenetic tree, in order to assess the correspondence of carpological features with the principal clades and to gain insights into the evolution of carpological characters in the subtribe; (3) to characterise clades using carpological and, where available, further morphological and cytological characters, to review and, where sufficient evidence is provided, revise the current generic classification of the subtribe.The aims of the present study are (1) to provide a molecular phylogenetic analysis, using both nuclear and plastid DNA markers and a sampling that spans the entire subtribe, as well as the various groups of Scorzonera in its widest sense, as well as representatives of all other genera of the subtribe Scorzonerinae  gene; (3) a 750 bp fragment of the plastid DNA maturase K gene (matK).Sequences of three markers were used for the molecular phylogenetic analyses: (1) the nrITS region ; (2) a ~570 bp fragment of the plastid DNA ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit . A two-step PCR method was used for library preparation: first-stage PCR using fusion primers containing the primer sequences from rbcL marker was sequenced on the 454 platform . The three-step PCR method was used for library preparation. All PCR stages were conducted using Phusion high fidelity DNA-polymerase . The first-stage PCR was performed using a reaction mixture of a total volume of 20 \u00b5l: 4 \u03bcl 5\u00d7 buffer for Phusion high fidelity DNA-polymerase, 250 \u00b5M dNTP , 0.2 \u03bcl Phusion high fidelity DNA-polymerase and 0.8 pM each primers , 0.2 \u03bcl of Phusion high fidelity DNA-polymerase, 0.3 pM of each primer, 4 \u03bcl of amplification products of the previous stage. PCR conditions: 98 \u00b0C \u2013 1 min; 18 cycles each for 98 \u00b0C \u2013 5 s, 55 \u00b0C \u2013 30 s and 72 \u00b0C \u2013 30 s; finally 72 \u00b0C \u2013 5 min. PCR products (expected size of 600 bp) were checked on 1.2% agarose gels and without purification used for third-stage PCR with primers MIDh-454-F and MIDh-454-R, containing barcodes (MIDx) and adapter sequences for sequencing on the 454 platform . Adapter sequences are described in matK marker was amplified using the primers matK_f (KIM3F) and matK_r (KIM1R) (https://www.qiagenbioinformatics.com).The  (KIM1R) . A totalmatK and 65 rbcL sequences generated in the present study, some published sequences , Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML). The MP analyses were performed applying the parsimony ratchet (JK) support values were calculated in PAUP with 10,000 jackknife replicates and the TBR branch swapping algorithm with 36.788% of characters deleted and one tree held during each replicate. The ML analyses were done with RaxML  + \u0393 model as the standard predefined substitution model in RAxML. The BI analyses were performed with the MPI version of MrBayes  model space in the Bayesian MCMC analysis was applied (ML) and two partitions in the plastid DNA dataset . Two simultaneous runs of four parallel chains each were performed for 3 \u00d7 107 generations with a sample frequency of 1 tree per 2000 generations. Convergence of the runs was checked by making sure that the average standard deviation of split frequencies of the post-burn-in runs was below 0.01 and the effective sampling size (ESS) well above 200 in either run for all parameters. TreeGraph v.2 , Koelpinia (3 sp.), Pterachaenia (1 sp.), Epilasia (3 sp.) and Tourneuxia (1 sp.) were carpologically studied. Carpological data for the genera Tragopogon and Geropogon were taken from a previous study by In total, 149 species of oC. The sections were stained with 2% carbol fuchsin, then with 0.4% picroindigocarmine and 100% ethanol . The medium portion of the outer achenes is the most informative part, where all features are fully developed and was used for the carpological descriptions and phylogenetic reconstruction. Longitudinal sections were prepared in some cases to detect the peculiarities in the parenchymatous structures of the mesocarp. Prior to sectioning, the achenes were soaked in a mixture of ethyl alcohol, water and glycerol in equal proportions for a few days at 30\u201340The morphology of the achenes was documented using an Olympus SZ61 camera; the cross-sections were studied using Nikon Eclipse Ci microscopes and documented with a Nikon DS-Vi1 camera  at the Department of Higher Plants (Moscow State University). The ultrasculpture of the achene surface was investigated using an SEM (JSM-6380 LA) at the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy Center at Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State University.MP using the nrDNA tree as hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships and the \u2018Trace character history\u2019 and \u2018Trace all characters\u2019 tools as display methods. The character definitions and their state coding are provided under Results.Describing carpological features, we applied the tripartite descriptive model . The 50% majority consensus tree was largely congruent in topology with the 50% majority consensus trees of the BI and ML analyses. Fig. BI cladogram with the MP jackknife (JK) support values above and the BI posterior probabilities (PP) and ML bootstrap (BS) support values below the branches.The alignment of the nrITS region had a length of 707 characters; together with the coded indels, the matrix included a total of 832 characters, of which 422 were parsimony-informative. The Scorzonerinae are resolved as monophyletic with strong statistical support . The subtribe includes three major clades , which received strong  or full statistical support . Their relationships to each other are unresolved. Clade 1A solely comprises the genus Tourneuxia. Clade 1B includes one part of Scorzonera s.l. We designate it as Gelasia clade, because it includes Scorzoneravillosa, which provides the type of Gelasia Cass., being the oldest available generic name for members of this clade. Clade 1C includes the large remainder of the subtribe separated in two well-supported subclades. One  comprises the genera Tragopogon, Geropogon and Epilasia; the other  is a polytomy of four clades: (1) Scorzoneradivaricata forming a clade of its own; (2) Pterachaenia with S.codringtonii as sister; (3) Koelpinia and a S.polyclada clade; (4) a large clade including both Scorzonera in the sense of its type S.humilis and Podospermum in one well supported subclade  and in a second moderately supported subclade  Pseudopodospermum and an extended Takhtajaniantha clade. Further details will be treated in the Discussion below.The Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the concatenated plastid DNA markersMP analysis resulted in 103 most parsimonious trees . The 50% majority consensus tree was largely congruent in topology with the 50% majority consensus trees of the BI and ML analyses. Fig. BI cladogram with the MP jackknife (JK) support values above and the BI posterior probabilities (PP) and ML bootstrap (BS) support values below the branches.The alignment of the two concatenated plastid DNA markers had a length of 1387 characters, of which 112 were parsimony-informative. The Scorzonerinae are resolved as monophyletic and Tourneuxia as sister to the remainder of the subtribe with strong support . The latter clade 2 is a polytomy: clade 2A with almost full support includes the Gelasia clade; clade 2B with strong support only in MP includes Geropogon, Tragopogon and the Scorzoneradivaricata clade; clade 2C with low support  includes Pterachaenia with S.codringtonii, the S.polyclada clade and Koelpinia; clade 2D includes with moderate support  Pseudopodospermum with Epilasia as sister; clade 2E includes a moderately supported  Takhtajaniantha clade and the moderately strong supported clade 2F includes both Scorzonera in the sense of the type and Podospermum.The Epilasia appears as sister to a clade combining Geropogon and Tragopogon in the nrITS tree, whereas as sister to Pseudopodospermum in the plastid DNA tree; (2) Scorzoneradivaricata is sister to the Tragopogon-Geropogon clade in the plastid tree, but nested in a polytomy in the nrITS tree without the latter clade; (3) the Scorzonerapurpurea-S.renzii clades are nested in the nrITS tree in a polytomy with S.angustifolia and the S.albicaulis clade, but in the plastid DNA tree, these two species are found in a polytomy with the Podospermum clade.Fewer of the deep nodes are resolved in the plastid DNA tree compared to the nrITS tree, but both reconstructions revealed largely the same major terminal clades. Statistically significant topological differences are few. They mainly concern the relationships of three clades: (1) Scorzonerinae are, in principle, homocarpic. Minor differentiations corresponding to the centripetal development of the florets and thus also achenes in the Asteraceae capitula may, however, occur. The marginal achenes are considered as the most representative type. Achene wall anatomy and morphology are fully developed in the middle third of the achene as in all Asteraceae. Correspondingly, all features refer to the middle third of the marginal achenes.The capitula of the Cichorieae and all Compositae) that may be barely noticeable. The principal vascular bundles of the achene wall can be seen often well below the principal ribs even if the latter are not clearly expressed. In the Scorzonerinae, each segment forms one main rib and, usually, two secondary ribs, the latter shared with the contiguous segments, resulting in a pattern of 10 ribs, either differentiated or not into more prominent principal and less prominent secondary ribs. The achene epidermis is the outer cell layer of the achene wall and can be glabrous, hairy or papillose. The achene surface can also exhibit emergences: stout cell conglomerations, hooked spines or tubercles with verrucose ribs consisting of pore parenchyma. Below the epidermis, the achene wall is composed of sclerenchymatous and parenchymatous layers of various arrangements and thickness. Sometimes, air cavities are present, resulting from rupture of thin-walled parenchyma. The endocarp is often obliterated. The seed coat is \u00b1 adjoining to the endocarp and consists of two or several layers, sometimes with the vestiges of vascular bundles. The endosperm is two-layered and the vertical embryo occupies almost all volume in the achene corpus.The achene wall Fig.  is compoThe morphological characters of the pappus, as part of the diaspore, are also included in the carpological analysis.The carpologial analysis across the subtribe revealed a variety of features, which were found to be diagnostic for species or groups of them. In the following, these carpological features are coded in characters (composed of a structure and a property) and states. In the character designation, structures and substructures are separated by colons and these are separated from the respective property by a semicolon.1. Achene: carpopodium ; presence0: absent1: presentScorzonera s.l. .Carpopodia as a protrusion of the basal achene wall surrounding the stipe-like structure in which the vascular bundles of the achene enter the receptacle, are known throughout the family and the tribe . A parti2. Achene: carpopodium: border (by shape and surface texture) between achene corpus and carpopodium; presence0: absent Fig. 1: present Fig. Scorzonerasubg.Podospermum and some members of S.subg.PseudopodospermumWe note here for the first time that the carpopodium is morphologically separated from the achene corpus by a border in 3. Achene epidermis: hairs; presence0: none, epidermis glabrous1: with soft multicellular eglandular hairs Fig. 2: with drastically elongated, often slightly curved papillae looking like glandular hairs Fig. 3: with cylindrical, not drastically elongated papillae or mamillae Fig. 4: with retrorse acute papillae Fig. Koelpinia and Epilasia, respectively.The outgrowths , if present, originate from the achene epidermis. The hairs are multicellular in contrast to papillae  and mamillae  that are always unicellular. The character states 2 and 4 are peculiar for 4. Achene surface: emergences; presence0: absent1: present5. Achene surface: emergences; shape  equal in thickness present1: Discontinuous sclerenchymatous layers with a gap in the principal ribs2: Continuous sclerenchymatous layers with a narrow or wider hunch on either side of the principal rib3: Continuous or slightly discontinuous sclerenchyma with well-expressed invaginations (depressions).Sclerenchyma as stabilising element develops in the achene wall above the vascular bundles into different patterns and formations as defined in the states coding.7. Achene wall: sclerenchyma; orientation0: Sclerenchyma entirely with parallel orientation to achene axis1: Sclerenchyma differentiated: outer layer with parallel, inner with oblique to perpendicular orientation to achene axis.2: Sclerenchyma only in emergences or rib areas perpendicular (or oblique) to achene axis.8. Achene wall: parenchyma; arrangement Fig. 0: Present as subepidermal continuous layer(s)1: Continuous parenchyma layers above and below the sclerenchyma2: Insular in principal ribs below sclerenchyma and in secondary ribs above sclerenchyma3: Only insular in principal ribs below sclerenchyma4: Insular above sclerenchymatous invaginations and below sclerenchyma in the principal ribs5: Only insular above sclerenchymatous invaginations6: Absent7: Parenchyma continuous above sclerenchyma and below sclerenchyma insular in principal ribs8: Only insular in second ribs above sclerenchymaBesides sclerenchyma, the main element of the achene wall is parenchyma, but often the parenchyma elements are left behind in quantity by the sclerenchyma. The distribution of the parenchyma elements in the achene wall is taxon specific and several different arrangements have been found as outlined in the character state coding. The various ways the parenchyma can be arranged in the achene wall is schematically shown in Fig. 9. Achene wall: parenchyma; differentiation0: Parenchyma only as subepidermal mechanical parenchyma1: Subepidermal collenchyma-like layers differentiated besides parenchyma2: Parenchyma of thin-walled cells only3: Parenchyma of two types present, mechanical parenchyma and such with thin-walled cellsThe unusual collenchyma-like layers are built of thin-walled cells with prominent intercellular spaces of triangular shape. The parenchyma in character states 0 and 2\u20133 lack prominent intercellular spaces.10. Achene wall: air cavities; occurrence0: Absent1: Present11. Achene wall; ribbing pattern0: Each segment with a principal rib and 2 secondary ribs, the latter shared with the contiguous segments, achene middle third, thus with 5 principal and 5 secondary ribs1: Each segment with a principal rib only, achene middle third, thus with 5 ribs2: No distinct ribs developed, middle third \u00b1 terete (roundish)3: Two or more ribs enlarged to wings12. Achene wall: tannins; presence0: Absent1: Present in cell protoplast2: Present in cell walls only13. Achene beak; presence0: Absent1: PresentThe beak is defined as the more or less abrupt attenuation of the achene apex into a stipe-like structure carrying the pappus disc.14. Pappus; presence0: Absent1: Present15. Pappus; structure0: Of entirely softly plumose bristles 1: Of entirely softly plumose bristles and scabrid awns2: Of bristles softly plumose in lower and scabrid in upper half or third 4: Bristles scabrid completely or for the most partCichorieae consists of bristles with lateral projection (= fimbriae) not or little exceeding the diameter of the bristles, which make the bristles rough, thus \u201cscabrid\u201d. Alternatively, the lateral projection may be many times longer than the bristle diameter and the bristles thus featherlike or \u201cplumose\u201d. Plumose pappi in the Cichorieae have evolved as three different types, each specific for one subtribe 3: yellowish4: grey or blackishThe matrix of the 16 carpological characters is given in Table Tourneuxia cladeFig. 7A, BAchenes without carpopodium, with two ribs elongated into small wings; achene epidermis glabrous; emergences absent; subepidermal parenchyma almost continuous, more prominent in the winged areas and much thinner (1\u20133 layers) between them, of thin-walled cells only; sclerenchyma continuous, its fibres of parallel orientation, sometimes slightly obliquely orientated in the region of the wings; no air cavities; tannins absent.Gelasia cladeFig. 7C, DAchenes without carpopodium; achene epidermis often densely covered with soft multicellular hairs making a long woolly indumentum; emergences mostly absent; subepidermal parenchyma usually insular, of thin-walled cells only; sclerenchyma continuous with an invagination on either side of the principal rib, parallel; no air cavities; tannins absent.Geropogon cladeFig. 8A, BAchenes without carpopodium; achene epidermis with papillae, emergences present; subepidermal parenchyma continuous of thin-walled cells only; sclerenchyma continuous, parallel; air cavities present; tannins present.Tragopogon cladeAchenes without capopodium; achene epidermis usually with papillae; emergences absent or present; subepidermal parenchyma continuous, of thick-walled or thick- and thin-walled cells; sclerenchyma continuous, parallel; air cavities usually present; tannins absent.Epilasia cladeFig. 8C, DAchenes with carpopodium; achene wall with hair-like papillae; emergences absent; subepidermal parenchyma continuous, of thick-walled cells only; sclerenchyma continuous, parallel; air cavities absent; tannins present.Scorzoneradivaricata cladeFig. 9A, BAchenes without carpopodium; achene epidermis with papillae; emergences absent; subepidermal parenchyma of both thin- and thick-walled cells; sclerenchyma continuous, parallel; air cavities absent; tannins present.Pterachaenia cladeFig. 9C, DPterachaeniastewartii) or without (Pterachaeniacodringtonii); achene epidermis with papillae or glabrous; emergences absent; subepidermal parenchyma discontinuous, located above sclerenchyma between the principal ribs and below sclerenchyma in the rib areas or only insular above sclerenchyma, of both thin- and thick-walled cells; sclerenchyma continuous, parallel; air cavities absent; tannins absent.Achenes without carpopodium; with 2\u20133 elongated ribs forming wings , with an invagination on either side of the principal rib, parallel; air cavities absent; tannins usually absent .Koelpinia cladeFig. 10C, DK.tenuissima); emergences present; subepidermal parenchyma continuous, of thick-walled cells only; sclerenchyma continuous, parallel (but perpendicular in emergences); air cavities absent; tannins absent.Achenes without carpopodium; achene epidermis glandular-like (elongated) papillae  with parenchyma of both thin- and thick-walled cells and sclerenchyma continuous with a narrow or wider hunch on either side of the principal ribs  with a narrow or wider hunch on either side of the principal ribs  or absent; parenchyma insular in principal ribs below sclerenchyma and in secondary ribs above sclerenchyma, of thin-wall cells only; sclerenchyma continuous, parallel; air cavities absent; tannins absent.Achenes without carpopodium; achene epidermis with papillae; emergences present  subepidermal parenchyma represented by collenchymatous cells and sclerenchyma with a gap in the principal ribs ; air cavities absent; tannins absent.The results of the ancestral character reconstruction, based on the nrITS tree, are presented in Suppl. material Scorzonera is polyphyletic in all traditional circumscriptions, based on morphological data. Our broader sampling, however, elucidates an even higher extent of polyphyly than assumed so far. Actually, Scorzonera s.l. comprises at least six independent lineages.The molecular phylogenetic study, presented here, is the one with the broadest sampling across the subtribe to date and the first comparing reconstructions, based on nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA markers. It fully confirms previous studies  in that Scorzonerinae are not resolved in either reconstruction and in previous analyses. However, our nuclear and plastid DNA trees are topologically largely congruent and supplement each other to some extent, allowing a first hypothesis on the major lineages of the Scorzonerinae and their relationships, which are discussed following the structure of the ITS tree  the Gelasia clade and (3) the remainder. In our plastid DNA tree  clade or the Gelasia and Tourneuxia clades as successive sisters to the remainder of the subtribe, but without statistical support.The nrITS tree Fig.  separatea clade,  the GelaTourneuxia lineage corroborates this region being part of the ancestral area of the tribe Cichorieae  leaves. The pollen structure of T.variifolia, consisting of 9  lacunae, is not unique amongst Scorzonerinae and found also in Pterachaenia and different groups of Scorzonera s.l. , it is resolved far remote from the core of Scorzonera in both our trees. This illustrates a surprisingly strong discrepancy between the traditional classification of the genus and molecular phylogenetic results. The lineage has already been resolved by Lasiospora clade\u201d, after Scorzonerasubg.Lasiospora (Cass.) Tzvelev and the genus Lasiospora Cass.  shifts to glabrous achenes occur and (b) variously hairy achenes have been developed in three other clades of the subtribe: in the Podospermum clade, Pseudopodospermum  and the Takhtajaniantha clade .The olyclada , 1964, wis x = 7 . CarpoloPterachaenia lineage was first established as Scorzonerasect.Pterachaenia by Bentham  and habit, a similar achene anatomy apart from the wings in P.stewartii and a similar distribution area. However, following the literature, they differ in pollen structure .The ved Fig. . In the nia Fig. . In bothKoelpinia lineage includes only the small genus Koelpinia  with an Irano-Turanian distribution, extending into the S Mediterranean area. The plastid DNA tree places Koelpinia in closer relationship to both the S.polyclada and Pterachaenia lineages (with only moderate support) and the nrITS tree only to the former (but with strong support). A closer relationship between Koelpinia and Pterachaenia has already been revealed by Tragopogon  and both in turn are sister to the Scorzonera clade with fairly strong support .Its three major clades, which include the vast majority of Takhtajaniantha lineage encompasses the species of some sections of the typical subgenus of Scorzonera: S.sect.Fibrillosae , S.sect.Egregiae (S.tau-saghyz), S.sect.Parviflorae p.p. (S.mongolica), S.sect.Papposae p.min.p. (S.capito), S.sect.Polyclada p.min.p. (S.pseudodivaricata); it also includes S.pusilla, the only member of S.sect.Pusillae, which was split from Scorzonera as the monotypic genus Takhtajaniantha by Scorzonera. The basic number of x = 7 is also shared by the other members of the lineage so far known. Later, T.pusilla, having only six abporal lacunae, to S.austriaca, S.ikonnikovii and S.tau-saghyz, which is a pollen type, however, also present in the Scorzonera s.str. clade   and into Central Europe and South Siberia (S.austriaca).The r. clade . TakhtajPseudopodospermum lineage has full support in the nrITS tree and moderately strong support  in the plastid DNA tree. The generic rank proposed by S.subg.Pseudopodospermum, which is typified by Scorzoneramollis, is corroborated by the fact that this lineage is resolved in both our reconstructions, separate from the core of Scorzonera. The Pseudopodospermum lineage, however, also includes species previously placed in sections Incisae, Foliosae, Papposae and Hissaricaeof the formersubgenusScorzonera . All members share a basic chromosome number of x = 7. It includes four major terminal clades: the Scorzonera s.str. clade, the S.purpurea clade, the S.albicaulis clade and the Podospermum clade. Besides, S.rupicola, an intricately branched shrublet and S.renzii, a linear-leafy perennial herb with peculiar involucre, both from Iran and Turkey, respectively, form separate clades. The latter, little known species was previously placed in S.sect.Turkestanicae , S.aristata and S.parviflora. The close relationship of S.humilis with S.aristata and S.parviflora was assumed already by S.sect.Parviflorae by S.mongolica by S.aristata; Scorzoneraparviflora is distributed from Central Europe to Central Asia, whereas S.humilis is widespread in Europe and S.aristata restricted to SW Europe : Scorzonerapurpurea and its close relative S.rosea were often considered to belong to S.subg.Podospermum due to the presence of a carpopodium (Takhtajaniantha), combined with often graminoid leaves and purple or lilac florets, pollen with 18  lacunae, narrow achenes with the same carpological type (present investigation). Carpology corroborates the close affinity of S.rhodantha (SE Europe) to this clade and it has sometimes been considered as subspecies of S.purpurea .Scorzoneraalbicaulis clade: This clade includes species of Scorzonerasect.Piptopogon, S.sect.Turkestanicae and S.sect.Polycladae. Morphologically, all species share the graminoid leaves, achenes attenuated into a more or less prominent beak, an easily caducous pappus and an achene surface slightly scabrid due to attenuate elongations of the epidermis cells. The presence of beaked achenes was the reason for Achyroseris Sch.Bip., based on A.macrospermum Sch.Bip.  and for the transfer of further species with beaked achenes from Scorzonera to Achyroseris by S.albicaulis clade are predominantly distributed in Central Asia, extending to W Asia and the N Himalaya (S.virgata); one species (S.angustifolia) is confined to the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. They share a pollen with 24  lacunae  have the same achene anatomy as the Scorzonera s.str. clade . Carpological and morphological characters suggest the close affinity of S.crassicaulis, S.franchetii, S.petrovii, S.rupicola (not studied by molecular phylogeny) to this clade. lacunae . Carpolo lacunae  in S.anade Fig. , but oftPodospermum clade: This clade unites the majority of the members of Scorzonerasubg.Podospermum sensu Podospermum sensu S.hieraciifolia, S.songorica). Moreover, the pinnately lobed leaves are shown in our analysis to be a homoplastic state, because the pinnately leafy species of the former Podospermum sections Incisae  and Brevicaulis (S.brevicaulis) are resolved as members of the Pseudopodospermum clade. All members of the Podospermum clade have a well-developed carpopodium, which is another homoplasy shared with the Pseudopodospermum clade and also with the S.purpurea clade. Peculiar for the members of the Podospermum clade are: (1) horn-like appendages on the outer phyllaries of the capitula and (2) the diversely orientated sclerenchymatous fibres in the mesocarp of the achene wall. A limited number of species, investigated palynologically, share pollen with 24  lacunae (S.songorica), N Africa and S and Central Europe (S.laciniata). lacunae . Most spScorzoneralaciniata and S.cana occupy different positions in both the nrITS and plastid DNA trees  and the length of the ligules in relation to the involucre.Resolution within the clade is very poor and also, morphologically, its members are fairly uniform, indicating a young diversification age. Some samples of the widely distributed, variable species ees Figs , 2. ThisAccording to the ancestral character reconstruction based on the nrITS tree Fig. , achenesTourneuxia matches this ancestral type most closely, except for the presence of ribs enlarged to wings .Scorzonerinae are the rare exception  and stout hair-like papillae (Epilasia).The plesiomorphic state of an achene surface with unicellular papillae or mamillae . In other members of these two clades and in the Gelasia clade, the sclerenchyma shows well-expressed depressions. A differentiation of the sclerenchyma orientation with the outer layers parallel and the inner perpendicular to the achene axis seems a non-homoplastic synapomorphy of the Podospermum clade  are present in the Scorzonera clade; the distribution of this state in the Podospermum clade for which otherwise an arrangement continuous above and insular below the sclerenchyma (8/7) was revealed as synapomorphy, indicates a close relationship between these two states. Regarding its differentiation, the parenchyma has apparently been differentiated several times in the evolution of the subtribe to support stabilisation of the achene wall, either as mechanical or collenchyma-like tissue or both (9/1\u20133).The parenchyma of the achene wall shows considerable diversity regarding arrangement  as an exclusive synapomorphy of in the Pseudopodospermum clade .Occurrence of tannins  in Geropogon, the opposite shift to purely plumose bristles (15/0) in species of Tragopogon. With respect to pappus colour . Shifts are indicated to have occurred to a dirty white colour at some state of uncertain position in the evolution of the subtribe, with further shifts to yellowish, pure white or grey and reversals to fulvous.The pappus has been lost once in the Scorzonerinae are often not well distinguished morphologically. Neither gross morphology nor fruit anatomy provides non-homoplastic synapomorphies for most of the major lineages. A prominent example is Gelasia, of which many species are nicely recognisable by the very conspicuous long-lanate achene indumentum; in a number of species, however, a reversal to glabrous achenes has occurred and what remains is some overall similarity of the Gelasia species which cannot be appropriately expressed in a character-state matrix or an identification key. This situation is apparently responsible for the reluctant reception of any classification of Scorzonerinae with more than the few morphologically conspicuous elements and the perseverance of a polyphyletic taxonomic concept of Scorzonera in spite of contrary evidence. We assume, however, that practical taxonomic experience in the application of a phylogenetic classification will bring to light new means to distinguish the various entities.We have shown above that morphology, even extended to include fruit anatomy, does not very well reflect the structure of the subtribe as revealed through molecular phylogenetics. Actually, most of the lineages resolved are difficult to characterise by morphology. Even more distant clades of the Gelasia clade and retain the remainder of the current Scorzonera, but also include in it the genera Pterachaenia and Koelpinia. In this option Scorzonera would encompass clade 1C2  which is definitely undesirable \u2013 and consequently shared by all three available options. The second option is to recognise Scorzonera in the circumscription of clade 2  recognised, with nomenclature (typifications and synonymies), diagnostic features, brief descriptions, species lists  and the distribution area  lacunae  between them, of thin-walled cells only, air cavities absent, tannins absent.Pappus: 4\u20137 mm, obliquely inserted in the marginal achenes, bristles plumose almost entirely, but scabrid in upper portion, the fimbriae of which are soft and tangled with each other, proximally brownish, distally dirty white.x = 7, diploid.T.variifolia Coss. \u2013 Fig. 15A, B(1) N Africa .Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaeCass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1818: 33. 1818.B646E85A-3172-530D-A1B8-E8D6DDED42F8Scorzonerasect.Gelasia (Cass.) DC., Prodr. 7(1): 123. 1838. Type: Scorzoneravillosa Scop. \u2261 Gelasiavillosa (Scop.) Cass.  \u2261 Lasiospora Cass. in Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 306. 1822.  = Scorzonerasect.Lasiospora (Cass.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos.: 134. 1832.  \u2261 LasiosporaScorzonerasubg.Lasiospora (Cass.) Peterm., Deutschl. Fl.: 334. 1846\u20131849. Lectotype (Lasiosporahirsuta (Gouan) Cass.  \u2261 ectotype : 45: LasScorzonerasubsect.Pulvinares Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 756. 1875.  = Scorzonerasect.Pulvinares (Boiss.) Lipsch., Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 1: 24. 1935. Lectotype (designated here): Scorzoneraseidlitzii Boiss.  \u2261 Scorzonerasubsect.Infrarosulares Hand.-Mazz., Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 27: 455. 1913.  = Scorzonerasect.Infrarosulares (Hand.-Mazz.) Lipsch., Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 1: 10. 1935. Lectotype (designated here): Scorzoneraacantholimon Hand.-Mazz.  \u2261 Scorzonerasect.Nervosae Lipsch., Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 1: 126. 1935. Type: Scorzoneralatifolia (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) DC.  = Scorzonerasect.Trachyactis Rech.f., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 84: 169. 1935. Lectotype (designated here): Scorzoneracretica Willd. Note: This section was described, based on the entirely scabrid pappus, a remarkable feature in Gelasia and the subtribe. Three species were reported to form this section: S.dependens Rech.f. (= S.cretica Willd.), S.araneosa Sm. and S.eximia Rech.f. The first species (as S.cretica) was nested in our nrITS phylogeny in the Gelasiaclade. Two species, S.cretica and S.araneosa, were included in our carpological analysis and match the carpology of Gelasia.  = Scorzonerasect.Tuberosae Lipsch., Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 2: 39. 1939. Type : Scorzoneraensifolia M.Bieb.  = Scorzonerasect.Anatolia Makbul & Co\u015fkun\u00e7., Turk. J. Bot. 39: 77. 2015. Type: S.zorkunensis Coskun\u00e7. & Makbul  = Perennials; leaves entire; involucre often pubescent; achenes often densely lanate, rarely glabrous, usually smooth rarely with emergence; pappus often rigid, plumose in lower portion and scabrid in upper portion or rarely almost completely scabrid; sclerenchyma forming a sheath, with an invagination on either side of the principal rib.Habit, life form, subterranean parts: perennial herbs of various habits, rarely subshrubs (only G.acantholimon), with a taproot, more rarely with globose or cylindrical tuber.Leaves: rosulate or cauline, sessile or petiolate, linear to ovate, often hairy  or glabrous, margin entire and flat or undulate.Stem, synflorescence: scape-like, small or leafy, tall and branched, often pubescent, more rarely glabrous , synflorescence racemiform, spiciform or corymbiform or capitula single.Capitula: involucre usually pubescent, sometimes glabrescent at fruiting or rarely glabrous, phyllaries in several series, all lanceolate or triangular, outer phyllaries < 3\u20134 times smaller than the inner ones, receptacle glabrous or hairy, capitula of many yellow florets , well exceeding the involucre.ets Fig.  or, rarePollen: echinolophate, tricolporate and each colpus divided into 2 lacunae; with 18  or, more rarely, 24  lacunae , parenchyma usually insular above invaginations of the sclerenchyma and below the principal ribs or only insular above invaginations of sclerenchyma, air cavities absent, sclerenchymatous layers continuous or discontinuous in the main ribs, forming a sheath, with an invagination on either side of the principal rib, fibres orientated parallel to the fruit axis, tannins absent.Pappus: 5\u201324 mm; bristles plumose in lower portion and scabrid in upper portion or more rarely, almost completely scabrid; dirty white, yellow or fulvous.x = 6 (rarely 7), diploids or tetraploid.Gelasiaacantholimon (Hand.-Mazz.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraacantholimon Hand.-Mazz. in Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 27: 455. 1913. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204005-1(1) Gelasiaalbicans (Coss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraalbicans Coss., Notes Crit.: 11. 1851. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204006-1(2) Gelasiaaraneosa (Sm.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraaraneosa Sm. in Sibthorp, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2(1): 123. 1813. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204007-1(3) Gelasiaaucheriana (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraaucheriana DC., Prodr. 7(1): 125. 1838. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204009-1(4) Gelasiabiebersteinii (Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerabiebersteinii Lipsch., Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 2: 95. 1939. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204011-1(5) Gelasiacaespitosa (Pomel) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneracaespitosa Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl.: 266. 1875. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204012-1(6) Gelasiacallosa (Moris) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneracallosa Moris, Stirp. Sard. Elench. 1: 29. 1827. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204014-1(7) Gelasiacinerea (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneracinerea Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 11: 44. 1849. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204016-1(8) Gelasiacircumflexa (Krasch. & Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneracircumflexa Krasch. & Lipsch., Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., ser. 2, 42. 148. 1934. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204017-1(9) Gelasiacretica (Willd.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneracretica Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1504. 1803. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204018-1(10) Gelasiadoriae  Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneradoriae Degen & Bald., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 46: 417. 1896. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204021-1(11) Gelasiadzhawakhetica (Sosn. ex Grossh.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneradzhawakhetica Sosn. ex Grossh., Fl. Kavk. 4: 236. 1934. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204022-1(12) Gelasiaensifolia (M.Bieb.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraensifolia M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 235. 1808. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204023-1(13) Gelasiaeriophora (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraeriophora DC., Prodr. 7(1): 125. 1838. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204025-1(14) Gelasiafilifolia (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerafilifolia Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 774. 1875. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204026-1(15) Gelasiahirsuta (Gouan) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Tragopogonhirsutus Gouan, Fl. Monsp.: 342. 1764. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204027-1(16) Gelasiaketzkhovelii (Grossh.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraketzkhovelii Sosn., Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Inst. 2: 219. 1938. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204029-1(17) Gelasiakotschyi (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerakotschyi Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 780. 1875. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204031-1(18) Gelasialanata (L.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Leontodonlanatus L., Cent. Pl. 1: 26. 1755. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204032-1(19) Gelasialasiocarpa (Chamberlain) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneralasiocarpa Chamberlain, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 255. 1974. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204034-1(20) Gelasialatifolia (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Lasiosporalatifolia Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1: 30. 1835. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204035-1(21) Gelasialitwinowii (Krasch. & Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneralitwinowii Krasch. & Lipsch., Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., ser. 2, 43: 153. 1934. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204036-1(22) Gelasialongiana (S\u00fcmb\u00fcl) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneralongiana S\u00fcmb\u00fcl, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48(1): 35. 1991. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204039-1(23) Gelasiamackmeliana (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneramackmeliana Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 11: 44. 1849. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204041-1(24) Gelasiamirabilis (Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneramirabilis Lipsch., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 22: 288. 1963. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204043-1(25) Gelasiapisidica (Hub.-Mor.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerapisidica Hub.-Mor., Bauhinia 7(3): 179. 1982. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204044-1(26) Gelasiapsychrophila (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerapsychrophila Boiss. & Hausskn. in Boissier, Fl. Orient. 3: 777. 1875. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204045-1(27) Gelasiapygmaea (Sm.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerapygmaea Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2(1): 123. 1813. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204046-1(28) Gelasiaramosissima (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraramosissima DC., Prodr. 7(1): 125. 1838. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204047-1(29) Gelasiarigida (Aucher ex DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. : 123. 1838. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204048-1(30) ov. Fig.  \u2261 ScorzoGelasiasandrasica (Hartvig & Strid) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerasandrasica Hartvig & Strid, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 108(2\u20133): 311. 1987. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204050-1(31) Gelasiaseidlitzii (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraseidlitzii Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 775. 1875. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204051-1(32) Gelasiasericea (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerasericea DC., Prodr. 7(1): 123. 1838. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204053-1(33) Gelasiatomentosa (L.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneratomentosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1112. 1763. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204054-1(34) Gelasiatuberosa  Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneratuberosa Pall., Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 757. 1776. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204057-1(35) Gelasiaulrichii (Parolly & N.Kilian) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraulrichii Parolly & N.Kilian, Willdenowia 32: 198. 2002. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204058-1(36) Gelasiavillosa (Scop.) Cass.(37) N Africa: DZ; EG; LY; MA; TN. Europe: AL; BA; CY; ES; FR; GR; HR; IT; MD; ME; RS; RU; SI; UA. Asia-Temperate: AF; AM; AZ; CH; GE; IL; IQ; IR; JO; KG; KZ; LB; RU (Asiatic part); SY; TJ; TM; UZ. Asia-Tropical: PK.Gelasia, based on their morphological characters : Scorzoneraamasiana Hausskn. & Bornm., S.boissieri Lipsch., S.bungei Krasch. & Lipsch., S.charadzae Papava, S.gageoides Boiss., S.ispahanica Boiss. \u2261 Lasiosporaispahanica (Boiss.) Walp., S.joharchii S.R.Safavi, S.karabelensis Parolly & N.Kilian, S.kozlowskyi Sosn. ex Grossh., S.lipskyi Lipsch., S.persica Boiss. & Buhse, S.pulchra Lomak., S.safievii Grossh., S.sahnea Parsa, S.scopariiformis Lipsch., S.sublanata Lipsch., S.sericeolanata (Bunge) Krasch. & Lipsch., S.veratrifolia Fenzl \u2261 Lasiosporaveratrifolia (Fenzl) Walp., S.wendelboi Rech.f., S.woronowii Krasch., S.xylobasis Rech.f., S.yildirimlii A.Duran & Hamzao\u011flu, S.zorkunensis Co\u015fkun\u00e7. & MakbulThe following species may also belong to Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceae(Bunge) Benth. in Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 532. 1873.0D02DDA2-9E5C-5225-ACDD-B2F928FF5430Scorzonerasect.Epilasia Bunge, Beitr. Fl. Russl.: 200. 1852. Lectotype (designated by Epilasiahemilasia (Bunge) Kuntze  \u2261 Annual herbs; phyllaries in two rows, outer herbaceous, leaflike, about equalling in length the inner phyllaries; pollen with 18 lacunae; achenes with carpopodium; pappus arising from flat or caplike pappus disk, grey to blackish; bristles plumose, 5\u201310 of them longer, scabrid distally.Habit, life form, subterranean parts: annual herbs with taproot.Leaves: rosulate and lower stem leaves petiolate, upper stem leaves sessile, lanceolate to ovate, margin flat or somewhat undulate and serrulate.Stem, synflorescence: stems solitary or more frequently several (three to five), glabrous to arachnoid hairy; capitula terminal, solitary or up to eight on the stem.Pollen: echinolophate, tricolporate and each colpus divided into 2 lacunae, with 18  lacunae  or with conic caplike pappus disk and pappus covering the upper half of the achene (E.hemilasia); pericarp with thin-walled subepidermal parenchymatous sheath, the cell walls of which can be filled with the tannins and continuous sclerenchymatous layers orientated parallel to the fruit axis (but sometimes perpendicular in the ribs of E.mirabilis), air cavities absent.Pappus: 5\u20138 mm, dense, ash-grey or rusty, five of its bristles (rarely more) fragile, barbellate at tip, other bristles long-plumose or rarely bristles plumose in lower portion and scabrid in upper portion.x = 12, amphiploids.E.acrolasia (Bunge) C.B.Clarke ex Lipsch.(1) E.hemilasia (Bunge) Kuntze(2) E.mirabilis Lipsch.(3) Asia-Temperate: AF; AM; AZ; CN; GE; IQ; IR; KG; KZ; LB; SY; TJ; TM; UZ. Asia-Tropical: PK.Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaeL., Sp. Pl. 2: 789. 1753.B5EC8B81-0647-56F5-B1FE-ADE1B093FF74Tragopogonporrifolius L., linear to oblong, margin entire or undulate.Stem, synflorescence: stem solitary or branched, always leafy, glabrous to lanate; peduncle sometimes inflated.Capitula: involucre glabrous to lanate, cylindrical, phyllaries in one series, triangular or oblong, equal in size, acute, receptacle flat, naked; with > 20 florets, of various length ratios compared to involucre, yellow, orange, violet or purple.Pollen: echinolophate, tricolporate and each colpus divided into 2 lacunae, with 15  lacunae  Sch.Bip.)Involucre with phyllaries in a single series; pappus of marginal achenes of five scabrid rays, pappus of inner achenes with plumose bristles.Habit, life form, subterranean parts: annual, ephemere.Leaves: rosulate and cauline, graminoid , linear or lanceolate, margin entire.Stem, synflorescence: stem solitary or branched, always leafy, glabrous; peduncle slightly inflated.Capitula: involucre glabrous, cylindrical, phyllaries 7\u20138, linear-lanceolate, in a single series, equal in size, to ~30 mm; receptacle flat, marginally hairy; florets 10\u201320, much exceeded by the involucre, violet or purple  lacunae  Sch.Bip.(1) N Africa: EG; DZ; LY; MA; TN. Europe: AL; BG; CY; ES; FR; GR; HR; IT; MD; MT; PT; RU; UA. Asia-Temperate: AM; AZ; IQ; IL; IR; JO; LB; SY; TR.Rare alien in DE.Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaeZaika, Sukhor. & N.Kiliangen. nov.9DC8F22F-99A0-5BB9-82EE-E42785969877urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204059-1Scorzonerasect.Polyclada DC., Prodr. 7(1): 125. 1838. Lectotype (designated here): Scorzoneradivaricata Turcz.  = Lipschitziadivaricata (Turcz.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian.Scorzoneradivaricata clade in our phylogenetic analysis. We treat the species in its narrow sense, excluding, for the time being, the varieties with more numerous florets (7\u201312) per capitulum, because they are likely misplaced in this species .This new genus corresponds to the monotypic Subshrubs or perennial herbs; caudex with smooth scarious leaf sheath residues; stem leaves linear to filiform, only to 1 cm long, apically usually hooked; capitula numerous, with 4\u20135 florets.Habit, life form, subterranean parts: subshrubs or perennial herbs with branched caudex covered with smooth scarious leaf sheath residues.Leaves: sessile, linear to filiform, up to 1 cm, apically often hooked.Stem, synflorescence: stem divericately branched, glabrous; capitula many, terminal.Capitula: involucre puberulent, phyllaries in two series, outer phyllaries tiny, triangular or ovate, inner phyllaries oblong; receptacle naked, capitula with 4 or 5 florets; florets yellow, almost equal in length to the involucre.Pollen: data n/a.Achenes: 6\u201310 mm, cylindrical, with 10 ribs, smooth only apically with cylindrical papillae, without emergences and carpopodium; achene wall with both thin- and thick-walled cells  and continuous sclerenchymatous layers which cells orientated parallel to the achene axis, air cavities absent.Pappus: 5\u20138 mm, bristles plumose in lower part and scabrid in upper portion, dirty-white.Scorzoneradivaricata).x = 7, diploid (Scorzonera.The new genus is named after Sergey Yu. Lipschitz [Lipshits] (1905\u20131983), a Russian botanist and monographer of L.divaricata (Turcz.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneradivaricata Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 200. 1832. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204060-1(1) Asia-Temperate: CN; MN.Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceae(Benth.) Stewart, Punjab Forest Rec. 2, 1 [Cat. Pl. Rawalpindi Distr.]: 50. 1952.8BFED08C-C176-5B1A-8C15-61AA92B573DFScorzonerasect.Pterachaenia Benth. in Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 532. 1873.Type: Pterachaeniastewartii (Hook.f.) R.R.Stewart  \u2261 Pterachaenia. His statement \u201cI think this section will also turn out to be a separate genus (gen. proprium Pterachaenia)\u201d [translated from Russian] qualifies it, however, as a provisional genus name not formally accepted by its author.Usually Flowering stems several or many, unbranched, leafless (scapes); phyllaries lanceolate, acute; florets yellow with red veins; achenes with 2\u20133 wings or without.Habit, life form, subterranean parts: perennial with caudex or annual herbs, with taproot.Leaves: rosulate, graminoid, linear or lanceolate, glabrous or hairy, often broadened in upper half.Stem, synflorescence: stems leafless, unbranched (scapes) several to many, pubescent in lower part and glabrous in upper part, with terminal capitulum.Pollen: echinolophate, tricolporate and each colpus divided into 2 lacunae, with 9  or 18  lacunae  or without wings (P.codringtonii), papillate and with small emergences (spinulae) (P.stewartii) or with smooth surface (P.codringtonii), with five principal ribs, parenchyma of two types, with thick-walled cells and with thin-walled cells, discontinuous  or only insular above sclerenchyma, air cavities absent, sclerenchyma continuous, equal in thickness, fibres orientated parallel to the fruit axis, tannins absent.Pappus: 13\u201320 mm, fulvous, bristles plumose, apically scabrid.Pterachaeniastewartii) and x = 7 (P.codringtonii), diploids.x = 6  Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneracodringtonii Rech.f., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 263. 1950. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204061-1(1) Pterachaeniastewartii (Hook.f.) R.R.Stewart in Punjab Forest Rec. 2, 1: 50. 1952.(2) Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaePall., Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 755. 1776.19EBB35B-CA75-5833-9C97-C8192AFB5695Koelpinialinearis Pall.K.tenuissima), without pappus, but apically with hooked, retrorse spines.Annual herbs; pollen with 15 lacunae; at least outer achenes columnar-scorpioid, surface with hooked emergences and elongated papillae looking like glandular hairs,  lacunae, often pollen tetracolporate in polyploids annular (K.macrantha) or almost straight (K.tenuissima and K.turanica), with 5 or 10 more or less prominent ribs, surface often covered with emergences resembling hooked spines and glandular-like (elongated) papillae or surface almost glabrous in K.tenuissima, without carpopodium; achene wall with or without air cavities, parenchyma continuous above sclerenchyma represented by thick-walled cells, sclerenchyma continuous, its fibres orientated parallel to the fruit axis (perpendicular in emergences), tannins absent.Pappus: bristles absent, achenes with several retrorse hooked spines  K.linearis Pall.(2) K.macrantha C.Winkl.(3) K.tenuissima Pavlov & Lipsch.(4) K.turanica Vassilcz.(5) N Africa: DZ; EG; LY; TN. Asia-Temperate: AF; AM; AZ; BH; CN; CY; GE; IL; IQ; IR; KG; KW; KZ; LB; QA; SA; SY; TJ; TM; TR; UZ. Asia-Tropical: IN; PK. Europe: ES; RU; UA.Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaeZaika, Sukhor. & N.Kiliangen. nov.008D20C2-FEB1-53F1-B00E-9969CEB94DD5urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204063-1Scorzonerasubsect.Intricatae Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 756. 1875.  = Scorzonerasect.Intricatae (Boiss.) Lipsch., Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 1: 10. 1935. Type  Zaika, Sukhor. & N.KilianScorzonerapolyclada clade. Morphologically, Ramaliella resembles Lipschitziadivaricata, but differs by the caudex surface, size of the capitula and the achene anatomy of a type of its own.The new genus corresponds to the Subshrubs or perennial herbs; stems numerous, intricately and divaricately branched Fig. ; leaves Habit, life form, subterranean parts: subshrubs or perennial herbs with taproot, often with cushion-like habit.Leaves: few, the lower leaves filiform, the upper ones reduced, curved, entire or denticulate.Synflorescence: stems numerous, strongly divaricately and intricately branched, glabrous or puberulent, capitula terminal.Capitula: involucre glabrous or pubescent, phyllaries in several series, the outer phyllaries tiny, triangular, the inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate much longer than the outer ones, receptacle naked, flat, florets 3\u201312, yellow, slightly exceeding the involucre  lacunae  barely noticeable secondary ribs, surface smooth; achene wall with parenchyma of both thin- and thick-walled cells, sclerenchyma forming a sheath (sometimes irregularly discontinuous), with an invagination on either side of the principal rib, cells orientated parallel to the achene axis, air cavities absent, tannins absent or rarely present in cell wall only (R.koelpinioides).Pappus: 11\u201318 mm, fulvous or dirty white, bristles plumose, but in upper part scabrid.R.koelpinioides and R.tortuosissima: x = 7, diploid (data for The new genus is named after the specific \u201cbrushwood\u201d habit (r\u0101m\u0101lia: brushwood).Ramaliellaintricata (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraintricata Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 7: 9. 1846. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204064-1(1) Ramaliellakoelpinioides (Rech.f.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerakoelpinioides Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 122: 53. 1977. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204065-1(2) Ramaliellalongipapposa (Rech.f.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneralongipapposa Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 122: 53. 1977. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204066-1(3) Ramaliellamusilii (Velen.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneramusilii Velen., Sitzungsber. K\u00f6nigl. B\u00f6hm. Ges. 9: 8. 1911. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204068-1(4) Ramaliellapolyclada (Rech.f. & K\u00f6ie) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerapolyclada Rech.f. & K\u00f6ie, Biol. Skr. 8(2): 195. 1955. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204069-1(5) Ramaliellatortuosissima (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneratortuosissima Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 775. 1875. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204071-1(6) N Africa: EG. Asia-Temperate: AE; AF; IQ; IR; JO; KU; SA; YE. Asia-Tropical: PK.Ramaliella, based on their morphological characters : Scorzonerahondae Kitam., S.microcalathia (Rech.f.) Rech.f., S.subaphylla Boiss., S.yemensis PodlechThe following species may belong to Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceae(Lipsch. & Krasch.) Kuth., Kavkaz. Predstav. Scorzonerinae: 85. 1978.976E0259-90D6-5E0E-9120-F3BC0CD42C3FScorzonerasect.Pseudopodospermum Lipsch. & Krasch. in Lipschitz, Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 1: 70. 1935.  \u2261 Scorzonerasubg.Pseudopodospermum (Lipsch. & Krasch.) Lipsch. in Bobrov & Tzvelev, Fl. URSS 29: 48. 1964. Lectotype  Lipsch. in Bobrov & Tzvelev, Fl. URSS 29: 721. 1964. Lectotype  Kuth., Kavkaz. Predstav. Scorzonerinae: 99. 1978. Type  amplexicaule, their shape diverse (linear-lanceolate to broadly ovate), margin entire and then often undulate, or dentate to pinnatisect.Stem, synflorescence: stem solitary or with a few branches, sometimes leafless and scapose, glabrous to lanate; capitula terminal.Capitula: involucre glabrous to lanate, phyllaries in several series, outer phyllaries triangular or ovate, obtuse, inner phyllaries oblong or lanceolate, much longer than outer phyllaries, receptacle naked, flat, florets more than 12, exceeding the involucre up to 1.5 times, yellow or purple  lacunae , often reduced to one- to several layers consisting of thin- and/or thick-walled cells, sometimes with subepidermal mechanical parenchyma, air cavities absent or present, sclerenchyma discontinuous with a gap in the principal ribs or continuous forming a sheath, equal in thickness or with a narrow or wider hunch on either side of the principal rib, sclerenchymatous fibres orientated parallel to the achene axis, tannins absent or present in the cell protoplasts.Pappus: 6\u201328 mm, bristles equal or unequal (5\u201310 bristles often longer than the rest), plumose in lower and scabrid in upper part, dirty white or white, yellowish, blackish or rarely fulvous.x = 7, diploids, tetraploids or hexaploids.Pseudopodospermumboeticum (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneramontanavar.boetica Boiss. in Candolle, Prodr. 7(1): 121. 1838 \u2261 Scorzoneraboetica (Boiss.) Boiss., Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 382. 1841. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204074-1(1) Pseudopodospermumbrevicaule (Vahl) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerabrevicaulis Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 88. 1791. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204076-1(2) Pseudopodospermumcalyculatum (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneracalyculata Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 11: 42. 1849. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204078-1(3) Pseudopodospermumchantavicum (Pavlov) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerachantavica Pavlov, Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 8: 27. 1950. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204079-1(4) Pseudopodospermumcrispatulum (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerahispanicavar.crispatula DC., Prodr. 7(1): 121. 1838 \u2261 Scorzoneracrispatula (DC.) Boiss., Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 741. 1845. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204082-1(5) Pseudopodospermumcrocifolium (Sm.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneracrocifolia Sm. in Sibthorp, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2(1): 123. 1813. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204084-1(6) Pseudopodospermumdavisii (Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneradavisii Lipsch., Bot. Mater. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 22: 291. 1963. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204085-1(7) Pseudopodospermumelatum (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraelata Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 4: 25. 1844. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204086-1(8) Pseudopodospermumgracile (Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneragracilis Lipsch. in Bobrov & Tzvelev, Fl. URSS 29: 721. 1964. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204088-1(9) Pseudopodospermumhispanicum (L.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerahispanica L., Sp. Pl. 2: 791. 1753. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204090-1(10) Pseudopodospermumhissaricum (C.Winkl.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerahissarica C.Winkl., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 172. 1889. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204092-1(11) Pseudopodospermumidaeum (Gand.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Podospermumidaeum Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 62: 155. 1916. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204093-1(12) Pseudopodospermuminaequiscapum (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerainaequiscapa Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 762. 1875. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204091-1(13) Pseudopodospermumincisum (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraincisa DC., Prodr. 7(1): 119. 1838. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204089-1(14) Pseudopodospermuminconspicuum (Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerainconspicua Lipsch., Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s. 42: 128. 1933. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204087-1(15) Pseudopodospermumlamellatum (Krasch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneralamellata Krasch., Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 180. 1933. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204083-1(16) Pseudopodospermumleptophyllum (DC.) Kuth.(17) Pseudopodospermumlibanoticum (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneralibanotica Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 11: 43. 1849. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204081-1(18) Pseudopodospermummolle (M.Bieb.) Kuth.(19) Pseudopodospermummucidum  Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneramucida Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 264. 1950. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204077-1(20) Pseudopodospermumovatum (Trautv.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraovata Trautv., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 1: 275. 1871. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204075-1(21) Pseudopodospermumpachycephalum (Podlech & Rech.f.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerapachycephala Podlech & Rech.f. in Rechinger, Fl. Iranica 122: 36. 1977. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204073-1(22) Pseudopodospermumpapposum (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerapapposa DC., Prodr. 7(1): 119. 1838. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204072-1(23) Pseudopodospermumphaeopappum (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Podospermumphaeopappum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 7: 5. 1846. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204070-1(24) Pseudopodospermumpubescens (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerapubescens DC., Prodr. 7(1): 122. 1838. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204067-1(25) Pseudopodospermumraddeanum (C.Winkl.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraraddeana C.Winkl., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 150. 1889. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204062-1(26) Pseudopodospermumreverchonii (O.Debeaux ex Hervier) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerareverchonii O.Debeaux ex Hervier, Bull. Acad. Int. G\u00e9ogr. Bot., s\u00e9r. 3, 15(187\u2013188): 107. 1905. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204056-1(27) Pseudopodospermumsemicanum (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerasemicana DC., Prodr. 7(1): 119. 1838. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204055-1(28) Pseudopodospermumstrictum (Hornem.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerastricta Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn.: 2: 750. 1815. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204052-1(29) Pseudopodospermumsuberosum (K.Koch) Kuth., Kavkaz. Predstav. Scorzonerinae: 94. 1978(30) Pseudopodospermumsyriacum (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerasyriaca Boiss. & C.I.Blanche, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 93. 1856. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204049-1(31) Pseudopodospermumszowitzii (DC.) Kuth., Kavkaz. Predstav. Scorzonerinae: 92. 1978.(32) Pseudopodospermumtroodeum (Boiss.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneratroodea Boiss., Fl. Orient., suppl.: 320. 1888. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204042-1(33) Pseudopodospermumturcomanicum (Krasch. & Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraturcomanica Krasch. & Lipsch. in Lipschitz, Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 1: 80. 1935. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204040-1(34) Pseudopodospermumundulatum (Vahl) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraundulata Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 86. 1791. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204038-1(35) Pseudopodospermumviolaceum (Chamberlain) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraviolacea Chamberlain, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(2): 256. 1974. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204037-1(36) N Africa: DZ; LY; MA; TN. Europe: AL; AT; BA; BE; BG; CH; CY; CZ; DE; ES; FR; GR; HR; HU; IT; MD; ME; MK; PL; PT; RO; RS; RU; SK; SI; UA. Asia-Temperate: AF; AM; AZ; EG; GE; IL; IQ; IR; JO; KW; KZ; LB; OM; SY; SA; TJ; TK; TR; UZ. Asia-Tropical: PK. Pseudopodospermumhispanicum as an edible crop was introduced in further regions.Pseudopodospermum, based on their morphological characters : Scorzoneraacuminata Boiss., S.aragatzii Kuth. \u2261 Pseudopodospermumaragatzii (Kuth.) Kuth., S.coriacea A.Duran & Aksoy, S.crassifolia Krasch. & Lipsch., S.drarii T\u00e4ckh., S.ferganica Krasch., S.gorovanica Nazarova, S.helodes Rech.f., S.karkasensis S.R.Safavi, S.lacera Boiss. & Balansa, S.limnophila Boiss., S.mariovoensis Micevski, S.mucida Rech.f. et al., S.pacis G\u00fczel et al., S.nivalis Boiss. & Hausskn., S.rawii Rech.f. & Guest, S.scyria M.A.Gust. & Snogerup, S.serpentinica Rech.f., S.stenocephala Boiss., S.tadshikorum Krasch. & Lipsch., S.tunicata Rech.f. & K\u00f6ie, S.tuzgoluensis A.Duran et al.The following species may belong to Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaeNazarova, Biol. Zhurn. Armenii 43: 179. 1990.7ADBE6F6-5D69-5409-BC6E-9468436F2166Scorzonerasect.Fibrillosae Nakai, Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo, ser. 1, 6: 171. 1937. Type: Scorzoneraglabra Rupr. [= S.austriaca Willd.]  = Scorzonerasubsect.Egregia Kult., Tau-Sagyz Ekol. Osnovy Vvedeniya Ego Kul\u2019t.: 108. 1938.  = Scorzonerasubg.Egregia (Kult.) Ovcz., Soobshch. Tadzhiksk. Fil. Akad. Nauk SSSR 20: 54. 1950.  \u2261 Scorzonerasect.Egregia (Kult.) Lipsch., Fl. URSS 29: 58. 1964. Lectotype (designated here): Scorzoneratau-saghyz Lipsch. & G.G.Bosse  \u2261 Scorzonerasect.Pusillae Lipsch., Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 2: 59. 1939. Type: Scorzonerapusilla Pall.  = Scorzonerasect.Capito Tzvelev, Rast. Tsentral. Azii 14b: 115. 2009. Type: Scorzoneracapito Maxim.  = Takhtajanianthapusilla  NazarovaPerennials; caudex often with dark brown fibrous leaf sheath residues and base of the rosulate leaves often lanate; pollen with 6 lacunae.Habit, life form, subterranean parts: perennial herbs or subshrublets with a taproot or a tuber.Leaves: rosulate or crowded in the basal part of the stem, rarely dispersed along the stem, sessile or petiolate, filiform or ovate, apically sometimes hooked (T.pusilla), margin flat or undulate, entire or denticulate.Stem, synflorescence: stem solitary or branched, scape-like or leafy, capitula terminal.Pollen: echinolophate, tricolporate and each colpus divided into 2 lacunae, with 6 abporal lacunae  florets; florets yellow  with stout conglomerations; achene wall with parenchyma of two types, with thick- and thin-walled cells, present only as subepidermal continuous layer(s) or only with thick-walled cells, air cavities absent, sclerenchyma with continuous layer with a narrow or wider hunch on either side of the principal rib or, as in T.pseudodivaricata, without hunches, but discontinuous forming 5 bundles , or continuous, its fibres orientated parallel to the fruit axis, tannins absent.Pappus: 7\u201328 mm, ice white or dirty white, bristles scabrid in upper part.Chromosome number: x = 7 (diploids); 2n = 28 in T.pusilla (amphiploid); in T.tau-saghyz polyploid cytoraces 2n = 14, 21, 28, 42 and aneuploids with chromosome numbers 15, 16, 17, 18, 22 and 24, 28 and 42 are known (re known .Species.Takhtajanianthaaustriaca (Willd.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. : 1498. 1803 (incl. S.glabra Rupr.). urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204033-1(1) ov. Fig.  \u2261 ScorzoTakhtajanianthacapito (Maxim.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneracapito Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-P\u00e9tersb. 32: 491. 1888. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204030-1(2) Takhtajanianthacrispa (M.Bieb.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneracrispa M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 234. 1808. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204028-1(3) Takhtajanianthaikonnikovii (Krasch. & Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraikonnikovii Krasch. & Lipsch. in Lipschitz, Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 1: 109. 1935. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204024-1(4) Takhtajanianthamongolica (Maxim.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneramongolica Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-P\u00e9tersb. 32: 492. 1888. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204020-1(5) Takhtajanianthapseudodivaricata (Lipsch.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzonerapseudodivaricata Lipsch., Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 42: 158. 1933. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204019-1(6) Takhtajanianthapusilla  Nazarova(7) Takhtajanianthasubacaulis (Regel) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraaustriacavar.subacaulis Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 323. 1880. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204015-1(8) Takhtajanianthatau-saghyz (Lipsch. & G.G.Bosse) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneratau-saghyz Lipsch. & G.G.Bosse, Trudy Nauchno-Issl. Lab. Tresta \"Kauchukonos\" 4: 27. 1930. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204010-1(9) Takhtajanianthaveresczaginii (Kamelin & S.V.Smirn.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, comb. nov. \u2261 Scorzoneraveresczaginii Kamelin & S.V.Smirn., Turczaninowia 5(1): 17. 2002. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77204008-1(10) N Africa: EG. Asia-Temperate: AF; AR; AZ; CN; IL; IR; JO; KG; KP; KR; KZ; MN; RU (Asiatic part); SA; TJ; TM; UZ. Asia-Tropical: PK. Europe: AL; AT; BA; BG; BY; CH; CZ; DE; FR; GR; HR; HU; IT; MD; ME; RO; RS; RU; SI; SK; UA.Takhtajaniantha, based on their morphological characters :The following species may belong to Scorzoneraaniana N.Kilian, S.grubovii Lipsch., S.karataviensis Kult. (possibly a synonym of T.tau-saghyz), S.manshurica Nakai, S.pamirica C.Shih, S.sinensis (Lipsch. & Krasch.) NakaiTaxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaeL., Sp. Pl.: 790. 1753.209CDCFE-7223-51AF-9029-5928108FB2B4Scorzonerahumilis L.Green in : 177: ScScorzonera in this revised sense as a monophyletic genus includes four larger clades, the Scorzonera s.str. clade (3 spp.), Scorzoneraalbicaulis clade (~17 spp.), Podospermum clade (~20 spp.) and Scorzonerapurpurea clade (2 spp.). In addition, it includes a few, so far somewhat isolated species . The genus in this cricumscription still shows considerable variation. Our analysis is insufficient with respect to a revision of the elaborated infrageneric classifications of previous authors. We therefore refer here to the clades of our trees.Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaes.str. cladeCC342938-05E6-5C98-8DBC-E81888283F93Scorzonerasect.ParvifloraeScorzoneraser.Parviflorae Lipsch. in Bobrov & Tzvelev, Fl. URSS 29: 720. 1964 [S.subsect.Parviflora Lipsch., Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 2: 112. 1939, nom. inval. .Inner phyllaries apically often with dark red or blackish spot; achene sclerenchyma insular in principal ribs below sclerenchyma and in secondary ribs above sclerenchyma  or leafy, glabrous or arachnoid-hairy becoming almost glabrous at the fruiting; capitula terminal, solitary or several.Pollen: echinolophate, tricolporate and each colpus divided into 2 lacunae; with 6 abporal lacunae ; achene wall with parenchyma insular in principal ribs below sclerenchyma and in secondary ribs above sclerenchyma, sclerenchyma continuous, its fibres orientated parallel to the achene axis, air cavities and tannins absent.Pappus: 11\u201316 mm, dirty white or rarely ice-white (S.parviflora), bristles plumose or apically scabrid (or 5\u201310 longer bristles scabrid and other bristles plumose).x = 7, diploids.Scorzoneraaristata Ramond ex DC.(1) Scorzonerahumilis L.   L. Fig. Scorzoneraparviflora Jacq.(3) Asia-Temperate: AF; AM; AR; CN; CY; GE; IR; KG; LB; MN; RU (Asiatic part); SY; TM; TR; UZ. Europe: AT; BE; BY; CH; CZ; DE; DK; EE; ES; FI; FR; GB; HR; IT; LT; LV; NL; NO; PL; PT; RO; RS; RU; SE; SK; SI; UA.Scorzoneraradiata Fisch. ex Ledeb. may also belong to this clade on account of its resemblance in morphological and carpological characters.Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaeclade5F63FF32-413D-5312-9D16-1811DF1FCFA5Podospermum DC. in Lamarck & Candolle, Fl. Fran\u00e7., ed. 3, 4: 61. 1805, nom. cons.  \u2261 Scorzonerasect.Podospermum (DC.) Benth. in Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 532. 1873.  \u2261 Scorzonerasubg.Podospermum (DC.) Lipsch., Fragm. Monogr. Gen. Scorzonera 1: 7. 1935. Type: Podospermumlaciniatum (L.) DC.  \u2261 Herbs, biennial or perennial; leaves (at least some) pinnately divided; phyllaries in several series, often subapically corniculate; achene with conspicuous cylindrical carpopodium usually 1/5\u20131/3 as long as achene body; achene surface mostly smooth, more rarely verrucose or undulate and glabrous or rarely somewhat hairy; pollen with 18 or 24 lacunae; sclerenchyma in achene mesophyll of diverse orientation .Habit, life form, subterranean parts: biennial or perennial herbs, with taproot, often with woody caudex.Leaves: glabrous or pubescent, mostly located in the lower third of the stem, rosulate leaves usually present. Heterophylly often present sessile, lobate to entire).Stem, synflorescence: stem solitary or branched, leafy , glabrous or pubescent, capitula terminal.Pollen: echinolophate, tricolporate and each colpus divided into 2 lacunae; with 24 , glabrous or with scattered pubescence; achene wall with parenchyma continuous, above sclerenchyma and also well-expressed (continuous or discontinuous) in the principal ribs below sclerenchyma), sclerenchyma continuous, diversely orientated , air cavities and tannins absent.Pappus: 5\u201314 mm, white or dirty white, bristles plumose and only apically scabrid.x = 7, diploids.Scorzoneraalpigena (K.Koch) Grossh.(1) Scorzoneraarmeniaca (Boiss. & A.Huet) Boiss.(2) Scorzoneracana (C.A.Mey.) Griseb.(3) Scorzoneragrossheimii Lipsch. & Vassilcz.(4) Scorzonerahieraciifolia Hayek(5) Scorzonerakandavanica Rech.f.(6) Scorzonerakirpicznikovii Lipsch.(7) Scorzoneralachnostegia (Woronow) Lipsch.(8) Scorzoneralaciniata L.(9) Scorzoneraluristanica Rech.f.(10) Scorzonerameshhedensis (Rech.f.) Rech.f.(11) Scorzonerameyeri (K.Koch) Lipsch.  ch. Fig. Scorzonerapersepolitana Boiss.(13) Scorzoneraradicosa Boiss.(14) Scorzoneraschischkinii Lipsch. & Vassilcz.(15) Scorzonerasongorica (Kar. & Kir.) Lipsch. & Vassilcz.(16) Africa: DZ; EG; ES (Canary Islands); LY; MA; TN. Asia-Temperate: AF; AM; AZ; CN; CY; GE; GR; IL; IQ; IR; JO; KG; KZ; LB; RU (Asiatic part); SY; TJ; TR; TM; UZ. Asia-Tropical: IN; PK. Europe: all countries.Scorzoneralaciniata is introduced in Australasia (AU); North America (US); South America (AR).Podospermum clade based on their morphological characters: Scorzoneragrigoraschvilii (Sosn.) Lipsch., S.idae (Sosn.) Lipsch., S.lipschitzii (Kuth.) Czerep.The following species may also belong to the Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaeclade850D3E8E-61F8-5682-AD30-BA07D25B7EBEAchyroseris Sch.Bip., Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 21: 165. 1845. Type: Achyroserismacrosperma (Turcz. ex DC.) Sch.Bip. . Note: Achyroseris from Scorzonera on the \u201cpaleate receptacle\u201d in A.macrosperma. This is, however, clearly erroneous, because a paleate (bracteate) receptacle is not present in any member of the Scorzonerinae; at most, the receptacle can be slightly hairy in some members of the phylogenetically distant Gelasia.  = Scorzonerasect.Piptopogon C.A.Mey., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(3): 97. 1848.  = Scorzonerasubg.Piptopogon (C.A.Mey.) C.D\u00edaz & Blanca, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43: 330. 1987. Type: Scorzoneramacrosperma Turcz. ex DC.   \u2261 Scorzonerasect.Turkestanicae Lipsch. in Bobrov & Tzvelev, Fl. URSS 29: 720. 1964. Type: Scorzoneraturkestanica Franch.  = Perennial herbs and subshrubs; pollen with 24 lacunae; achenes beaked; pappus dirty yellow, caducous.Habit, life form, subterranean parts: perennial herbs and subshrubs with a taproot and often with caudex.Leaves: rosulate and cauline, numerous, usually sessile (rosulate leaves petiolate in S.franchetii), semi-amplexicaule, linear to narrowly oblong, more often lanceolate, entire or crisp, glabrous or slightly pubescent.Stem, synflorescence: stem solitary or several, usually leafy but bracteate in S.acanthoclada and S.racemosa, capitula terminal and solitary or numerous, in spiciform or corymbiform synflorescence.Pollen: echinolophate, tricolporate and each colpus divided into 2 lacunae; with 24  lacunae , 1.5\u20132 times exceeding the involucre.Achenes: 7\u201345 mm, straight, without carpopodium, with more or less expressed beak, 10- or rarely 5-ribbed, papillate; achene wall with parenchyma well-expressed and represented by collenchyma-like cells, then present only as subepidermal continuous layers or sometimes parenchyma absent or discontinuous in the rib areas, insular in principal ribs below sclerenchyma and in secondary ribs above sclerenchyma or absent, air cavities absent, sclerenchyma present as layers with a gap in the principal ribs or continuous sclerenchymatous layers, its fibres orientated parallel to the fruit axis, tannins absent.Pappus: 6\u201328 mm, yellowish, bristles plumose below and scabrid in upper part.x = 7, diploids.Scorzoneraacanthoclada Franch.(1) Scorzoneraalbicaulis Bunge(2) Scorzonerabaldschuanica Lipsch.(3) Scorzonerabracteosa C.Winkl.(4) Scorzoneracrassicaulis Rech.f.(5) Scorzonerafranchetii Lipsch.(6) Scorzoneragraminifolia L.(7) Scorzonerapetrovii Lipsch.(8) Scorzoneraracemosa Franch.(9) Scorzoneratragopogonoides Regel & Schmalh.(10) Scorzoneratransiliensis Popov(11) Scorzoneraturkestanica Franch.(12) Scorzoneravirgata DC.(13) Africa: MA. Asia-Temperate: AF; RU (Asian part); CN; IR; KG; KP; KR; KZ; MN; TM; TJ; UZ. Asia-Tropical: IN; PK. Europe: ES; PT.Scorzoneraalaica Lipsch. may also belong to this clade based on morphological features.Taxon classificationPlantaeAsteralesAsteraceaecladeA3291AE4-CE61-5239-8369-AED7B5136CA9Scorzonerasect.PurpureaScorzonera 2: 104. 1939. Type  lacunae  ribs or flattened-triangular, glabrous or papillate: achene wall with parenchyma scarcely represented by one or several layers above and below sclerenchyma, of two types , air cavities absent, sclerenchyma continuous, of equal thickness throughout, sclerenchymatous fibres orientated parallel to the achene axis, tannins absent.Pappus: 7\u201313 mm, dirty white, bristles plumose in lower part and apically scabrid, 5\u201310 of them clearly longer than other bristles.x = 7, diploids.Scorzonerapurpurea L.(1) Scorzonerarosea Waldst. & Kit.(2) Scorzonerarhodantha Hausskn.(3) Asia-Temperate: KZ; RU (South Siberia). Asia-Tropical: IN; PK. Europe: AL; AT; BA; BG; CZ; DE; FR; GR; HR; HU; IT; MD; ME; MK; PL; RO; RS; RU; SI; SK; UA.Scorzonerarenzii  is sister to the Scorzonerapurpurea clade in our nrITS tree and forms a polytomy with the Scorzonerapurpurea and Podospermum clades in the plastid DNA tree. The spiciform synflorescences and other morphological features  rather indicate an affinity to the S.albicaulis clade.Scorzoneraangustifolia (pollen with 24 lacunae) and S.rupicola show some affinity to the S.albicaulis clade, but the second is resolved in the nrITS tree as sister to the polytomy including the S.purpurea and S.albicaulis clades, whereas the first is the third element of that polytomy.Scorzonerasect.Pentachlamys DC., Prodr. 7: 125. 1838, including two species from Nepal, S.bupleuroides D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 162. 1825 and S.roylei DC., Prodr. 7: 125. 1838, do not refer to Scorzonera or one of the genera segregated here. The holotype of S.roylei in G-DC (G00498633) is a species of Tragopogon. Original material of S.bupleuroides seems to be lost and the species is hardly a member of Scorzonera or one of its segregates as was already concluded by"}
{"text": "Plasmodium falciparum nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase: oligomeric assemblyStructural insights into \", DOI number: 10.1590/0074-02760180073, published in Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 113(9): e180073, 2018, on page 1:In the article \u201cWhere it reads:ORIGINAL ARTICLEIt should read:SHORT COMMUNICATIONhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760180073ER"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ramona M. Rodriguez. The correct citation is: McGaughey KD, Yilmaz-Swenson T, Elsayed NM, Cruz DA, Rodriguez RM, Kritzer MD, et al. (2018) Comparative evaluation of a new magnetic bead-based DNA extraction method from fecal samples for downstream next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing. PLoS ONE 13(8): e0202858."}
{"text": "The correct initials are Lima MG. The correct citation is: Lima MG, Malta DC, Monteiro CN, da Silva Sousa NF, Stopa SR, Medina LdPB, et al. (2019) Leisure-time physical activity and sports in the Brazilian population: A social disparity analysis. PLoS ONE 14(12): e0225940."}
{"text": "Expanding the single-visit approach for cervical cancer prevention: successes and lessons from Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):288\u2013298. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00328Harvey SA. Observe before you leap: why observation provides critical insights for formative research and intervention design that you'll never get from focus groups, Interviews, or KAP Surveys. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):299\u2013316. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00471. (French translation of the abstract added)Koffi TB, Weidert K, Ouro Bitasse E, et al. Engaging men in family planning: perspectives from married men in Lom\u00e9, Togo. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):317\u2013329. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00440Subramanian L, Simon C, Daniel EE. Increasing contraceptive use among young married couples in Bihar, India: evidence from a decade of implementation of the PRACHAR Project. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):330\u2013344. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00290Sarma S, Nemser B, Cole-Lewis H, et al. Effectiveness of SMS technology on timely community health worker follow-up for childhood malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):345\u2013355. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00427Marks KJ, Luthringer CL, Ruth LJ, et al. Review of grain fortification legislation, standards, and monitoring documents. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):356\u2013371. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417. (French translation of the abstract added)Ndiaye K, Portillo E, Ouedraogo D, Mobley A, Babalola S. High-risk advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy: tackling a neglected need through formative research and action. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):372\u2013383. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00318Kheang T, Lin MA, Lwin S, et al. Malaria case detection among mobile populations and migrant workers in Myanmar: comparison of 3 service delivery approaches. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):384\u2013389. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00012Choi Y, Short Fabic M. Monitoring progress in equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of meeting demand for family planning. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):390\u2013401. We have added French translations of the abstracts for a number of articles from the June 2018 issue  in which the content focused on countries where the official language is French. This has affected the page numbering of these and subsequent articles. The new citations are as follows:"}
{"text": "N-acetyltransferase (SpeG) acetylates and thus neutralizes toxic polyamines. Studies indicate that SpeG plays an important role in virulence and pathogenicity of many bacteria, which have evolved SpeG-dependent strategies to control polyamine concentrations and survive in their hosts. In Escherichia coli, the two-component response regulator RcsB is reported to be subject to N\u03b5-acetylation on several lysine residues, resulting in reduced DNA binding affinity and reduced transcription of the small RNA rprA; however, the physiological acetylation mechanism responsible for this behavior has not been fully determined. Here, we performed an acetyltransferase screen and found that SpeG inhibits rprA promoter activity in an acetylation-independent manner. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that SpeG can physically interact with the DNA-binding carboxyl domain of RcsB. We hypothesize that SpeG interacts with the DNA-binding domain of RcsB and that this interaction might be responsible for SpeG-dependent inhibition of RcsB-dependent rprA transcription. This work provides a model for SpeG as a modulator of E. coli transcription through its ability to interact with the transcription factor RcsB. This is the first study to provide evidence that an enzyme involved in polyamine metabolism can influence the function of the global regulator RcsB, which integrates information concerning envelope stresses and central metabolic status to regulate diverse behaviors.Spermidine  N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) family, is a bacterial spermidine N-acetyltransferase that acetylates spermidine and spermine. These polyamines are toxic to bacteria at high concentrations and acetylation neutralizes this toxicity . A mtor RcsB . The inntor RcsB \u201324. RcsBtor RcsB . Both metor RcsB , 25\u201328.rprA , RcsB from Erwinia amylovora (RcsB-Er_am) [GI:33357861], YjjQ from E. coli (YjjQ-Es_co) [GI:83288197], BglJ from E. coli (BglJ-Es_co) [GI:3915634], YahA from E. coli (YahA-Es_co) [GI:2506596], YuaB from E. coli (YuaB-Es_co) [GI:81783897], DctR from E. coli (DctR-Es_co) [GI:57012697], RcsA from E. coli (RcsA-Es_co) [GI:60393000], EntR from Citrobacter freundii (EntR-Ci_fr) [GI:6015049], FimW from Salmonella enterica (FimW-Sa_en) [GI:585140], LuxR from Bacteroides thetaiotoamicron (LuxR-Ba_th) [GI:171849138], YgeK from E. coli (YgeK-Es_co) [GI:20140955], UhpA from E. coli (UhpA-Es_co) [GI:84029412], UvrY from E. coli (UvrY-Es_co) [GI:83288180], PA0034 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA0034-Ps_ae) [GI:13959718], BvgA from Bordetella pertussis (BvgA-Bo_pe) [GI:61219948], FimZ from E. coli (FimZ-Es_co) [GI:84028128], EvgA from E. coli (EvgA-Es_co) [GI:82581667], FixJ from Sinorhizobium meliloti (FixJ-Si_me) [GI:159163516], StyR from P. fluorescens (StyR-Ps_fl) [GI:78100993], NodW from Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens (NodW-Br_di) [GI:128495], Ycf29 from Porphyra purpurea (Ycf29-Po_pu) [GI:1723332], Ycf29 from Cyanophora paradoxa (Ycf29-Cy_pa) [GI:1351750], NarL from E. coli (NarL-Es_co) [GI:24158735], NarP from E. coli (NarP-Es_co) [GI:400374], GerE from Bacillus subtilis (GerE-Ba_su) [GI:13786948], VraR from Staphylococcus aureus (VraR-St_au) [GI:166007196], LiaR from B. subtilis (LiaR-Ba_su) [GI:68051995], DegU from B. subtilis (DegU-Ba_su) [GI:118438], YxjL from B. subtilis (YxjL-Ba_su) [GI:20141933], YhjB from E. coli (YhjB-Es_co) [GI:586682], CsgD from E. coli (CsgD-Es_co) [GI:1706166], MoaR from Enterobacter aerogenes (MoaR-En_ae) [GI:1709068], MalT from E. coli  [GI:189028606], SgaR from Hyphomicrobium methylovorum (SgaR-Hy_me) [GI:6094276], Rv08090c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Rv08090c-My_tu) [GI:6137301], AgmR from P. aeruginosa (AgmR-Ps_ae) [GI:121420], AlkS from P. oleovorans (AlkS-Ps_ol) [GI:6226550], ComA from B. subtilis (ComA-Ba_su) [GI:116903], YdfI from B. subtilis (YdfI-Ba_su) [GI:68566110], ExeN from Aeromonas salmonicida (ExeN-Ae_sa) [GI:1175862], LuxR from Aliivibrio fischeri (LuxR-Al_fi) [GI:462556], VanR from Vibrio anguillarum (VanR-Vi_an) [GI:9297072], SolR from Ralstonia solanacearum (SolR-Ra_so) [GI:9297032], AhyR from Aeromonas hydrophila (AhyR-Ae_hy) [GI:61218504], LasR from P. aeruginosa (LasR-Ps_ae) [GI:125980], Y4HQ from Sinorhizobium fredii (Y4HQ-Si_fr) [GI:2495427], SdiA from E. coli (SdiA-Es_co) [GI:2506570], PhzR from P. fluorescens (PhzR-Ps_fl) [GI:2495423], CarR from Pectobacterium carotovorum (CarR-Pe_ca) [GI:2495418], YenR from Yersinia enterocolitica (YenR-Ye_en) [GI:1723596], RhiR from Rhizobium leguminosarum (RhiR-Rh_le) [GI:417645], TraR from S. fredii (TraR-Si_fr) [GI:158429605], MoxX from Paracoccus denitrifican (MoxX-Pa_de) [GI:266552], BrpA from Streptomyces hygroscopicus (BrpA-St_hy) [GI:231653], RaiR from Rhizobium etli (RaiR-Rh_et) [GI:9297035], TraR from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (TraR-Ag_tu) GI:23200109 and TraJ from E. coli (TraJ-Es_co) [GI:464931].Phylogenetic tree was created in ClustalW2 server ((PDF)Click here for additional data file.S4 FigThe SPR sensograms of SpeG and transcription regulator RcsA. The RcsA protein was injected in four dilution series. Duplicate measurements for each concentration indicated above SPR sensograms were performed.(PDF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "AbstractIdris F\u00f6rster (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea), reared from the eggs of pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) in southeast Asia are described on the basis of external morphology and the barcode region of the mitochondrial COI gene. The new species and their hosts are: I.badius Johnson & Chen, sp. n. (ex Nipisaphyllicola (Deeleman-Reinhold), Panjangehamiguitan Huber), I.balteus Johnson & Chen, sp. n. (ex Panjangecamiguin Huber), I.curtus Johnson & Chen, sp. n. , Uthinaluzonica Simon), and I.fusciceps (ex Belisanakhaosok Huber).Four new species of the genus  Baeini (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) are one of the major biotic sources of mortality among their spider hosts . Additionally, Aradophagus Ashmead has been reported as a spider egg parasitoid  a richly speciose genus, (2) a group without any solid, comprehensive treatment for the region, and (3) a group containing numerous described species many of which are more or less unidentifiable. Would the addition of more isolated species descriptions be a contribution toward progress, or would it simply make the problem larger and more intractable?If the ultimate goal is a complete documentation of the diversity in such a group, then one can imagine various strategies to achieve that aim. The ideal might be a comprehensive monographic treatment based on the totality of specimens existing in collections, the addition of targeted, newly collected material, a review of all existing primary types, and data sets that incorporate as many independent character sources as possible. For many reasons, this standard may be difficult or impossible to achieve, especially when dealing with a genus comprised of hundreds of species. An alternative could be to work gradually toward that same goal by incrementally planting signposts in the terrain, signposts that are well-defined points of reference to guide for future work. This is our goal here: each species description has host records and COI barcode data to supplement the morphological characters.Pholcid spiders were collected manually and egg sacs were checked with a hand-held lens in search of parasitized eggs. Females with parasitized eggs were kept alive in small plastic containers until the wasps emerged. Adult specimens emerged from eight samples. Specimens from these samples were used in both the morphological and molecular analyses:Mal228: SINGAPORE: Dairy Farm Nature Park , 50 m a.s.l., 15.ii.2015 . Spider: Uthinaluzonica Simon. 2 specimens sequenced.Mal256: SINGAPORE: Dairy Farm Nature Park , 50 m a.s.l., 15.ii.2015 . Spider: Tissahamiabukittimah (Huber). 2 specimens sequenced.Mal276: MALAYSIA: Perak, Gunung Liang , 250 m a.s.l., forest along river, 22.ii.2015 . Spider: Nipisaphyllicola (Deeleman-Reinhold). 1 specimen sequenced.Mal305: MALAYSIA: Perak: Gunung Liang , 250 m a.s.l., forest along river, 22.ii.2015 . Spider: Tissahamiagombak (Huber). 2 specimens sequenced.Mal331: THAILAND: Krabi, ~9 km N Krabi town, degraded forest between plantation and rocks , 75 m a.s.l., 7.iii.2015 . Spider: Belisanakhaosok Huber. 1 specimen sequenced.Phi291: PHILIPPINES: Bohol, near Loboc, above Loboc River , ~250 m a.s.l., forest near caves, 5.iii.2014 (B.A.Huber). Spider: Panjangecamiguin Huber. 1 specimen sequenced.PSt1226: PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Davao Oriental, Mount Hamiguitan Wildlife Sanctuary (access Governor Generoso), site 3 , 580 m a.s.l., 13.ii.2015 (M.A. Responte). Spider: Panjangehamiguitan Huber. 1 specimen sequenced.PSt1564: PHILIPPINES: Visayas, Bohol, Bilar, Barangay Riverside, site 5 , 440 m a.s.l., 15.vi.2015 (M.R.B. Dacar). Spider: Panjangecamiguin Huber. 1 specimen sequenced.In an additional five samples the parasitoids grew to the pupal stage, but failed to emerge as adults. Pupae from these samples were used in the molecular analyses.Mal226: SINGAPORE: Upper Selatar Reservoir Park , 20 m a.s.l., leaf litter, 15.ii.2015 . Spider: Uthinaluzonica Simon. 2 specimens sequenced.Phi271: PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Mt. Matutum, Kawit Forest, \u2018site 1\u2019, 950 m a.s.l., along brook, on leaves, 13.ii.2014 (B.A. Huber). Spider: Calapnitanunezae Huber. 2 specimens sequenced.Phi286: PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Bukidnon Prov., Santo Domingo , 560 m a.s.l., forest remnant along brook, 8\u20139.ii.2014 (B.A. Huber). Spider: Terangadomingo (Huber). 1 specimen sequenced.PSt461: PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Maguindanao, Camp Abubakar , 14.xii.2014 (N.U. Elias). Spider: Nipisasubphyllicola (Deeleman-Reinhold). 2 specimens sequenced.PSt84: PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Marawi City, Mt. Mupo , 19.xi.2014 (N.U. Elias). Spider: Nipisasubphyllicola (Deeleman-Reinhold). 2 specimens sequenced.OSUC). The host spiders are deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany (ZFMK).The wasp specimens are deposited in the C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (OSUC\u201d) for the individual specimens. The label data for all specimens are recorded in the Hymenoptera Online database, and details on the data associated with these specimens can be accessed at hol.osu.edu by entering the identifier in the form (note the space between the acronym and the number). All new species names have been prospectively registered with Zoobank . The taxonomic descriptions were generated by a database application, vSysLab (vsyslab.osu.edu), designed to facilitate the production of taxon by character data matrices and to integrate those data with the existing taxonomic and specimen-level database. The text output for descriptions is in the format of \u201cCharacter: Character state (s)\u201d. Polymorphic characters are indicated by semicolon-separated character states. Comparison with holotypes of species described from India and Vietnam were made using the images in Specimage (specimage.osu.edu) referenced in specimage.osu.edu).Abbreviations and morphological terms used in text: A1, A2, A3: antennomere 1, 2, 3; T1, T2, ... T5: metasomal tergite 1, 2, ... 5. Morphological terminology otherwise generally follows Trissolcusbasalis (Wollaston)  used as an outgroup to root the tree.Genomic DNA was extracted from ethanol-preserved specimens using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit  and following the protocol used by The nucleotide alignment file and GenBank accession numbers are included in Suppl. materials 1) Mal3052) PSt84 + PSt461Idrisfusciceps sp. n.)3) Mal331 (4) Phi286Idrisbadius sp. n.)5) Mal276 + PSt1226 6) Phi 291 (Idriscurtus sp. n.)7) Mal228 + Mal256 + PSt1564 + Mal226 + Phi271 . The average between-group pairwise percentage identity was 88.154% (87.016\u201390.207%). The average percent identity with the outgroup, I.badius. The low level of sequence identity (86.5%) strongly suggests that they are not conspecific, but in lieu of finding any morphological distinction, we decided to refrain from describing it. None of these new species were identifiable on the basis of the key in Five of the seven groupings of molecular samples were represented by adults, and all but one of these are described below as new species. The one not described could not be distinguished on the basis of morphology alone from Taxon classificationAnimaliaAraneaePholcidaeJohnson & Chensp. n.http://zoobank.org/E8EC0A7D-7214-45EE-B0BD-AB8622FF7267Body length: 0.81 mm. Head color: brown. Mesosoma color: brown. Metasoma color: brown.Head shape in frontal view: ovoid, distinctly wider than high. Head width/mesosomal width: 1.34\u20131.44. Sculpture of upper frons, vertex: finely coriaceous reticulate. Position of lateral ocellus: contiguous with inner orbit of compound eye. Central keel of frons: present. Length of central keel of frons: extending dorsally half distance to median ocellus. Speculum: present. Striae on lower frons: absent. Setation of compound eyes: eyes distinctly setose.Size of A3: subequal in length, width to A2. Shape of A3: length greater than width.Length/width mesoscutum: 0.74\u20130.83. Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely reticulate, setal bases pustulate. Notauli: absent. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: finely reticulate, setal bases pustulate. Sculpture of metascutellum: smooth. Propodeal armature: lateral propodeal area produced dorsomedially into small tooth.Wing development: fully developed, macropterous. Fore wing patterning: fore wing hyaline throughout. Marginal fringe of fore wing: present, short. Length of bristles on submarginal vein: short, barely reaching beyond costal margin of wing. Basal vein: well-defined, straight, lightly pigmented. Length of stigmal vein: elongate, extending nearly to middle of fore wing. Length of postmarginal vein: extremely short, subequal in length to marginal vein.Metasoma length/body length: 0.47\u20130.48. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate in medial third, finely reticulate along lateral margin, elsewhere smooth. Length T3/length T2: 2.21. Sculpture of T4\u2013T5: finely reticulate basally, smooth apically. Setation of T3: lateral thirds of tergite moderately setose through, median third nearly glabrous, with sparse apical transverse band of setae.I.nautalis Kozlov & L\u00ea in the keys of Tissahamiagombak. The COI sequences, however, have only 86.5% identity, and this must be used to establish their identity.This species runs to Nipisaphyllicola (Deeleman-Reinhold)   (Araneae: Pholcidae).Eggs of 76) Fig. , Panjangbadius refers the rich brown color of the body and is intended as an adjective.The specific epithet Holotypefemale: MALAYSIA: Perak, Gunung Liang, forest along river, 250 m a.s.l., 3\u00b047.7'N 101\u00b032.0'E, 22.ii.2015, B. A. Huber, A.R.M. Ghazali & K. A. Braima, ex: egg of Nipisaphyllicola (Deeleman-Reinhold), OSUC270822. Paratypes: MALAYSIA: 3 females, 1 male with same data as holotype, OSUC270823, 420837\u2013420838, 627622. PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Davao Oriental, 580 m a.s.l., 6.6805N, 126.1591E, site 3, Mount Hamiguitan Wildlife Sanctuary (access Governor Generoso), 13.ii.2015, M. A. Responte, ex egg of Panjangehamiguitan Huber .Taxon classificationAnimaliaAraneaePholcidaeJohnson & Chensp. n.http://zoobank.org/04E0C39B-2CAE-4302-8148-413299BE60AEBody length: 0.85\u20130.99 mm. Head color: dark brown. Mesosoma color: dark brown. Metasoma color: first segment yellow, second segment brownish yellow, otherwise brown.Head shape in frontal view: ovoid, distinctly wider than high. Head width/mesosomal width: 1.24\u20131.31. Sculpture of upper frons, vertex: finely coriaceous reticulate. Position of lateral ocellus: contiguous with inner orbit of compound eye. Central keel of frons: present. Length of central keel of frons: extending dorsally half distance to median ocellus. Speculum: present. Striae on lower frons: with short striae flanking speculum. Setation of compound eyes: eyes distinctly setose.Size of A3: distinctly smaller than A2. Shape of A3: length greater than width.Length/width mesoscutum: 0.72. Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely reticulate, setal bases pustulate. Notauli: absent. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: finely reticulate, setal bases pustulate. Sculpture of metascutellum: smooth. Propodeal armature: lateral propodeal area produced dorsomedially into small tooth.Wing development: fully developed, macropterous. Fore wing patterning: fore wing hyaline throughout. Marginal fringe of fore wing: present, short. Length of bristles on submarginal vein: short, barely reaching beyond costal margin of wing. Basal vein: well-defined, straight, lightly pigmented. Length of stigmal vein: elongate, extending nearly to middle of fore wing. Length of postmarginal vein: extremely short, subequal in length to marginal vein.Metasoma length/body length: 0.45\u20130.48.Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate in medial third, finely reticulate along lateral margin, elsewhere smooth. Sculpture of T3: finely reticulate, with weak irregularly longitudinal rugulae medially. Length T3/length T2: 1.81\u20132.17. Sculpture of T4\u2013T5: finely reticulate basally, smooth apically. Setation of T3: lateral thirds of tergite moderately setose through, median third nearly glabrous, with sparse apical transverse band of setae.I.nautalis, but differs from that species in the lack of longitudinal striae on T3 and the uniform coloration of the metasoma. Distinguished from many species of Idris by the xanthic first segment of the metasoma. The COI sequence will serve to help distinguish this species from others with the same character.In the keys of Panjangecamiguin Huber  (Araneae: Pholcidae)  Fig. .balteus, a Latin word for belt, refers to the golden base of the metasoma. It is intended as a noun in apposition.The specific epithet Holotypefemale: PHILIPPINES: Bohol, near Loboc, above Loboc River, forest near caves, ~250 m a.s.l., ~9.655N, 124.015E, 5.iii.2014, B. A. Huber, ex egg of Panjangecamiguin Huber, OSUC270828. Paratypes: PHILIPPINES: 3 females, 1 male with same data as holotype, OSUC270829, 420844\u2013420845, 627631). Other material: 1 broken female with same data as holotype, OSUC270830.Taxon classificationAnimaliaAraneaePholcidaeJohnson & Chensp. n.http://zoobank.org/C8DA9FB6-A843-4D33-9475-5E3FE090068CBody length: 0.83\u20130.89 mm. Head color: brown. Mesosoma color: brown. Metasoma color: brownHead shape in frontal view: ovoid, distinctly wider than high. Head width/mesosomal width: 1.20\u20131.27. Sculpture of upper frons, vertex: finely coriaceous reticulate. Position of lateral ocellus: contiguous with inner orbit of compound eye. Central keel of frons: present. Length of central keel of frons: extending dorsally half distance to median ocellus. Speculum: present. Striae on lower frons: with short striae flanking speculum. Setation of compound eyes: eyes distinctly setose.Size of A3: distinctly smaller than A2. Shape of A3: length greater than width.Length/width mesoscutum: 0.65\u20130.79. Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely reticulate, setal bases pustulate. Notauli: absent. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: finely reticulate, setal bases pustulate. Sculpture of metascutellum: smooth. Propodeal armature: lateral propodeal area produced dorsomedially into small tooth.Wing development: fully developed, macropterous. Fore wing patterning: fore wing hyaline throughout. Marginal fringe of fore wing: present, short. Length of bristles on submarginal vein: short, barely reaching beyond costal margin of wing. Basal vein: well-defined, straight, lightly pigmented. Length of stigmal vein: elongate, extending nearly to middle of fore wing. Length of postmarginal vein: extremely short, subequal in length to marginal vein.Metasoma length/body length: 0.52\u20130.57. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate in medial third, finely reticulate along lateral margin, elsewhere smooth. Length T3/length T2: 1.87\u20132.33. Sculpture of T4\u2013T5: finely reticulate basally, smooth apically. Setation of T3: lateral thirds of tergite moderately setose through, median third nearly glabrous, with sparse apical transverse band of setae.I.badius, distinguished by the distinctly shorter third antennomere (compared with A2). As with I.badius, this species runs to I.nautalis Kozlov & L\u00ea in the keys of Idris by its COI sequence.Very similar to Calapnitanunezae Huber , Panjangecamiguin Huber , Tissahamiabukittimah (Huber)   (Araneae: Pholcidae).56) Fig. , Uthinalcurtus, Latin for short, refers to relative length of the first flagellomere of the female antenna. It is intended to be used as an adjective.The name Holotypefemale: SINGAPORE: 50 m a.s.l., 1\u00b021.6'N 103\u00b046.7'E, Dairy Farm Nature Park, 15.ii.2015, B. A. Huber & J. Koh, reared ex egg of Tissahamiabukittimah (Huber), OSUC270831. Paratypes: SINGAPORE: 6 females, 2 males, with same data as holotype, OSUC270832, 270833, 420829\u2013420831, 420833, 627623, 627624. 1 female, 2 males with same data as holotype except reared ex egg of Uthinaluzonica Simon, OSUC420836, 6217633, 627634. PHILIPPINES: Visayas, Bohol, Bilar, Barangay Riverside, 440 m a.s.l., 9.7052N, 124.1253E, 15.vi.2015, M.R.B. Dacar; reared ex egg of Panjangecamiguin Huber, 1 female, 1 male, OSUC420834, 627632. Other material: SINGAPORE: 50 m a.s.l., 1\u00b021.6'N 103\u00b046.7'E, Dairy Farm Nature Park, 15.ii.2015, reared, B. A. Huber & J. Koh, ex egg of Tissahamiabukittimah (Huber), female, OSUC420832 (broken specimen); ex egg of Uthinaluzonica Simon, male, OSUC420835 (broken). The remaining material is based on DNA sequences from pupae. SINGAPORE: Upper Selatar Reservoir Park , 20 m a.s.l., 15.ii.2015 . Host: Uthinaluzonica Simon. PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Mt. Matutum, Kawit Forest, \u2018site 1\u2019, , 950 m a.s.l., along brook, on leaves, 13.ii.2014, B. A. Huber, ex egg of Calapnitanunezae Huber.Taxon classificationAnimaliaAraneaePholcidaeJohnson & Chensp. n.http://zoobank.org/F316941C-D414-4DC1-9420-129ADBC8192EBody length: 0.58\u20130.66 mm.Head color: light brown. Mesosoma color: brownish yellow, contrasting with darker color of head. Metasoma color: brownish yellow.Head shape in frontal view: ovoid, distinctly wider than high. Head width/mesosomal width: 1.17\u20131.24. Sculpture of upper frons, vertex: pustulate. Position of lateral ocellus: separated from inner orbit of compound eye by approximately 1 ocellar diameter. Central keel of frons: present. Length of central keel of frons: extending dorsally one-third distance to median ocellus. Speculum: present. Striae on lower frons: absent. Setation of compound eyes: eyes distinctly setose.Size of A3: distinctly smaller than A2. Shape of A3: width greater than length.Length/width mesoscutum: 0.64\u20130.72. Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely reticulate, setal bases pustulate. Notauli: present, short. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: finely reticulate, setal bases pustulate. Sculpture of metascutellum: rugulose. Propodeal armature: lateral propodeal area produced dorsomedially into small tooth.Wing development: fully developed, macropterous. Fore wing patterning: fore wing hyaline throughout. Marginal fringe of fore wing: present, short. Length of bristles on submarginal vein: elongate, extending beyond costal margin by distance more than half their length. Basal vein: well-defined, straight, lightly pigmented. Length of stigmal vein: elongate, extending nearly to middle of fore wing. Length of postmarginal vein: extremely short, subequal in length to marginal vein.Metasoma length/body length: 0.44\u201353. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate in medial third, finely reticulate along lateral margin, elsewhere smooth. Sculpture of T3: finely reticulate, with weak irregularly longitudinal rugulae medially. Length T3/length T2: 1.56\u20131.60. Sculpture of T4\u2013T5: finely reticulate basally, smooth apically. Setation of T3: lateral thirds of tergite moderately setose through, median third nearly glabrous, with sparse apical transverse band of setae.I.oobius Kozlov & L\u00ea, particularly in the weak sculpture of T3 and the uniform coloration of the wings. This species is distinguished from I.oobius by the extremely short A3 in comparison to the length of A2. It may be distinguished from the other reared species described herein by the presence of notauli and the dark-colored head; among other morphologically similar species of Idris it may be recognized by its COI sequence.In the keys of Belisanakhaosok Huber  (Araneae: Pholcidae)  Fig. .The specific epithet refers to the darker color of the head in comparison with the mesosoma and metasoma. It is to be treated as a noun in apposition.Holotype, female: THAILAND: Krabi, ~9 km N Krabi town, degraded forest between plantation and rocks, 75 m a.s.l., 8\u00b009.9'N 98\u00b051.7'E, 7.III.2015, B. A. Huber & B. Petcharad, ex egg of Belisanakhaosok Huber. OSUC270824. Paratypes: THAILAND: 8 females, 1 male with same data as holotype ."}
{"text": "Cryptococcus gattii Meningoencephalitis: Case Report and Literature Review.An error appeared in an article published in the issue of the journal [Corticosteroids for Posttransplant Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in 10.1093/ofid/ofz460. eCollection 2019 Nov.].Canfield GS, Henao-Mart\u00ednez AF, Franco-Paredes C, Zhelnin K, Wilson ML, Shihadeh KC, Wyles D, Gardner EM. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019 Oct 23;6(11):ofz460. doi: In addition to the listed affiliations by all authors, CFP has a second affiliation: Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico. The authors regret this omission."}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for this error. The name should be indexed as: Vande Casteele, N. The correct citation is: Singh S, Facciorusso A, Singh AG, Vande Casteele N, Zarrinpar A, Prokop LJ, et al. (2018) Obesity and response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 agents in patients with select immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0195123."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ho Ra. The correct citation is: Ra H, Song LD, Choi JA, Jee D (2018) The cost-effectiveness of systematic screening for age-related macular degeneration in South Korea. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0206690."}
{"text": "Occurrence, antifungal susceptibility, and virulence factors of opportunistic yeasts isolated from Brazilian beaches\u201d, DOI number: 10.1590/0074-02760180566, published in Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 114: e180566, 2019, on page 1: In the article \u201cWhere it reads:Dijck PVIt should read:Van Dijck P"}
{"text": "The correct names are: Rui Zhong, Qingling Chen, Xinyue Zhang, Xin Zhang, Weihong Lin. The correct citation is: Zhong R, Chen Q, Zhang X, Zhang X, Lin W (2019) The related factors of sleep benefit in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 14(3): e0212951."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Richard S. Kalman. The correct citation is: Kalman RS, Stawarz A, Nunes D, Zhang D, Dela Cruz MA, Mohanty A, et al. (2018) Biophotonic detection of high order chromatin alterations in field carcinogenesis predicts risk of future hepatocellular carcinoma: A pilot study. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0197427."}
{"text": "Molecules instituted some years ago a \u201cBest Paper\u201d award to recognize the most outstanding papers in the area of organic synthesis, natural products, medicinal chemistry and molecular diversity published each year in Molecules. We are pleased to announce the third \u201cMolecules Best Paper Award\u201d for 2015. The winners were chosen by the Editor-in-Chief and selected editorial board members from among all the papers published in 2011. Reviews and research papers were evaluated separately. We are pleased to announce that the following eight papers have won the Molecules Best Paper Award for 2015:Ulrike Endesfelder, Sebastian Malkusch, Benjamin Flottmann, Justine Mondry, Piotr Liguzinski, Peter J. Verveer and Mike HeilemannChemically Induced Photoswitching of Fluorescent Probes\u2014A General Concept for Super-Resolution MicroscopyMolecules2011, 16(4), 3106-3118; doi:10.3390/molecules16043106http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/4/3106Available online: Victor Alves Carneiro, H\u00e9lcio Silva dos Santos, Francisco Vassiliepe Sousa Arruda, Paulo Nogueira Bandeira, Maria Rose Jane Ribeiro Albuquerque, Maria Ol\u00edvia Pereira, Mariana Henriques, Benildo Sousa Cavada and Edson Holanda TeixeiraCasbane Diterpene as a Promising Natural Antimicrobial Agent against Biofilm-Associated InfectionsMolecules2011, 16(1), 190-201; doi:10.3390/molecules16010190http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/1/190Available online: Yasunori Yamamoto, Tomohiko Shirai, Momoko Watanabe, Kazunori Kurihara and Norio MiyauraRu/Me-BIPAM-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Aliphatic Aldehydes and alpha-KetoestersMolecules2011, 16(6), 5020-5034; doi:10.3390/molecules16065020http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/6/5020Available online: Sekelwa Cosa, Leonard V. Mabinya, Ademola O. Olaniran, Omobola O. Okoh, Kim Bernard, Shaun Deyzel and Anthony I. OkohVirgibacillus sp. Rob Isolated from the Bottom Sediment of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape, South AfricaBioflocculant Production by Molecules2011, 16(3), 2431-2442; doi:10.3390/molecules16032431http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/3/2431Available online: Abdelaaty A. Shahat, Abeer Y. Ibrahim, Saber F. Hendawy, Elsayed A. Omer, Faiza M. Hammouda, Fawzia H. Abdel-Rahman and Mahmoud A. SalehChemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils from Organically Cultivated Fennel CultivarsMolecules2011, 16(2), 1366-1377; doi:10.3390/molecules16021366http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/2/1366Available online: Chad C. Eichman and James P. StambuliTransition Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl SulfidesMolecules2011, 16(1), 590-608; doi:10.3390/molecules16010590http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/1/590Available online: Michael Oelgem\u00f6ller and Oksana ShvydkivRecent Advances in Microflow PhotochemistryMolecules2011, 16(9), 7522-7550; doi:10.3390/molecules16097522http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/9/7522Available online: Anna K. J\u00e4ger and Lasse SaabyFlavonoids and the CNSMolecules2011, 16(2), 1471-1485; doi:10.3390/molecules16021471http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/2/1471Available online: The prize awarding committee recognized the article \u201cChemically Induced Photoswitching of Fluorescent Probes\u2014A General Concept for Super-Resolution Microscopy\u201d as \u201c\u2026.a good addition to the science of super resolution imaging both in fixed and in live cells\u201d since it \u201c\u2026.describes the fluorescence properties of five fluorescent proteins together with organic fluorophores and the reversible photoswitching properties of mEos2 was studied in more detail.\u201d The review \u201cTransition Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Sulfides\u201d provided \u201c\u2026a useful adjunct to the library of C-S bond syntheses\u201d, as \u201c\u2026it describes transition metal catalyzed synthesis of aryl sulfides\u201d and \u201c\u2026 some of aryl sulfides occur in biologically active compounds.\u201dMolecules and the scientific literature. On behalf of the Prize Awarding Committee and the Editorial Board of Molecules, we would like to congratulate these eight teams for their excellent work. In recognition for their accomplishment, Dr. Mike Heilemann, Dr. Victor Alves Carneiro, Dr. Yasunori Yamamoto, Dr. Anthony I. Okoh and Dr. Mahmoud A. Saleh will receive prizes of 1,000, 800, 600, 400 and 200 CHF, respectively, and the privilege of publishing an additional Open Access format paper of their choice free of charge in Molecules. Dr. James P. Stambuli, Dr. Michael Oelgem\u00f6ller and Dr. Anna K. J\u00e4ger will be awarded the privilege of publishing an additional research paper free of charge in Open Access format in Molecules.We believe these eight exceptional papers represent valuable contributions to Dr. Derek J. McPhee MDPI AG, Klybeckstrasse 64, Basel CH-4057, Switzerlandmcphee@mdpi.comE-Mail: Prof. Dr. Fernando Albericio1 School of Chemistry, Yachay Tech, Yachay City of Knowledge, 100119-Urcuqui, Ecuador2 Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Parc Cient\u00edfic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain3 School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africaalbericio@irbbarcelona.orgE-Mail: Dr. Jean Jacques Vanden Eyndejean-jacques.vandeneynde@ex.umons.ac.beLaboratory of Organic Chemistry (FS), University of Mons-UMONS, Place du parc, 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium; E-Mail: Dr. John A. BeutlerMolecular Targets Laboratory, Bldg 1052 Rm 110 NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USAbeutlerj@mail.nih.govE-Mail: Prof. Dr. Maurizio BattinoDepartment of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Sez-Biochimica, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60100 Ancona, Italym.a.battino@univpm.itE-Mail: Prof. Dr. Jarkko RautioSchool of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finlandjarkko.t.rautio@uef.fiE-Mail: Prof. Dr. Osmo E. O. HormiDepartment of Chemistry, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa, P.O.Box 333, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finlandosmo.hormi@oulu.fiE-Mail:"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-018-26272-0, published online 31 May 2018Correction to: The Acknowledgements section in this Article was omitted. The Acknowledgements section should read:\u201cP.G thanks Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India (SR/S4/FS-481/2009), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES/ATMOS/PP-IX/09), Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Australian Scientific Instrument and I.W thanks Australian Scientific Instrument for funding the project.\u201d"}
{"text": "The correct title is: Expansion of Capsicum annuum fruit is linked to dynamic tissue-specific differential expression of miRNA and siRNA profiles. The correct citation is: Taller D, B\u00e1lint J, Gyula P, Nagy T, Barta E, Baksa I, et al. (2018) Expansion of Capsicum annuum fruit is linked to dynamic tissue-specific differential expression of miRNA and siRNA profiles. PLoS ONE 13(7): e0200207. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200207The word \u201c"}
{"text": "PLoS ONE 12(8): e0183124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183124The first and second authors\u2019 names are spelled incorrectly. The correct names are: Dan-dan Yin and Qian-chen Wang. The correct citation is: Yin DD, Wang QC, Zhou X, Li Y (2017) Endothelial dysfunction in renal arcuate arteries of obese Zucker rats: The roles of nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, and calcium-activated K"}
{"text": "Trissolcusbasalis (Wollaston), was recorded parasitizing eggs of the invasive stink bug Halyomorphahalys (St\u00e5l) in the United States. This is the first record of this species parasitizing fresh and frozen eggs of H.halys in the United States.A parasitoid wasp, Trissolcusbasalis parasitizing Halyomorphahalys eggs in the United States.First record of  Halyomorphahalys (St\u00e5l), 1855 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (BMSB) is a native of China, Taiwan, South Korea and Japan. Unfortunately, this invasive insect pest has spread to the United States  Swingle, a tree with seed pods that are a favourite non-crop food source for H.halys, also occurs in both states.In the south-eastern U.S., populations of Anastatus Motchulsky (Eupelmidae), Trissolcus Ashmead, Telenomus Haliday and Gryon Haliday (Scelionidae) have been reported to parasitize eggs of H.halys in the U.S. . On 24 June 2018, 30 fresh egg masses (\u2264 24 h old) were hung as sentinels on tomato plants for 72 h. Some egg masses (\u2264 12 h old) were frozen and held at -20\u00baC for 1\u20134 d. On 18 October, 30 frozen egg masses were hung as sentinels on plants in cotton and soybean for 72 h. In the laboratory, the collected egg masses were held for emergence of adult parasitoids and emergent wasps were identified using the key of Laboratory-reared T.basalis immature stages, mainly third instars, prepupae and pupae, were based on descriptions of T.basalis immatures in H.halys eggs, parasitised by T.basalis every 24 h from oviposition to pupation .All egg masses were dissected for dead, immature parasitoids. Determination of MK720833, MK720834).Two dried point-mounted specimens were selected for DNA extraction and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) fragment sequencing. Specimens were softened in 70% ethanol for two hours, then DNA was extracted using a DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen). The DNA samples were quantified using a NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific). At least 20 ng of genomic DNA was used per PCR. The 5\u2019-COI region was PCR-amplified using the primers LCO1490 and HCO2198 . PCRs we(Wollaston) 18589B7BFB49-9F19-5847-91C4-1010F575113FType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: FSCA 00090269; recordedBy: Balusu, R. (Rammohan); individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_occurrences:FSCA__00090269; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_names:3189; scientificName: Trissolcusbasalis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Hexapoda; order: Hymenoptera; family: Scelionidae; genus: Trissolcus; specificEpithet: basalis; Location: country: United States; stateProvince: Alabama; county: Tuscaloosa; locality: Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa Co., AL, U.S.A.; decimalLatitude: 33.21; decimalLongitude: -87.57; georeferenceSources: GNIS-USGS; Identification: identifiedBy: Talamas, E. J. (Elijah Jacob); dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: reared from egg; eventDate: 06/17/2017; verbatimEventDate: Jun-17-2017; fieldNotes: ; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL (FSCA); collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen; source: http://hol.osu.edu/spmInfo.html?id=FSCA%2000090269Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: FSCA 00090444; recordedBy: Balusu, R. (Rammohan); individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_occurrences:FSCA__00090444; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_names:3189; scientificName: Trissolcusbasalis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Hexapoda; order: Hymenoptera; family: Scelionidae; genus: Trissolcus; specificEpithet: basalis; Location: country: United States; stateProvince: Alabama; county: Tuscaloosa; locality: Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa Co., AL, U.S.A.; decimalLatitude: 33.21; decimalLongitude: -87.57; georeferenceSources: GNIS-USGS; Identification: identifiedBy: Talamas, E. J. (Elijah Jacob); dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: reared from egg; eventDate: 07/23/2017; verbatimEventDate: Jul-23-2017; fieldNotes: ; Record Level: language: en; institutionCode: Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL (FSCA); collectionCode: Insects; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen; source: http://hol.osu.edu/spmInfo.html?id=FSCA%2000090444Trissolcusbasalis can be identified from Nearctic congeners by the combination of the following characters: vertex without hyperoccipal carina, netrion sulcus incomplete, mesopleuron with episternal foveae shallowly impressed, metapleuron without setation and without well-defined paracoxal sulcus; T2 striate .T.basalis parasitised four of the 30 sentinel egg masses; at the other two sites, only one of the 30 egg masses was parasitised by T.basalis. Overall, percent parasitism per egg mass was moderately high (62.7%). In general, percent immature mortality was slightly higher for frozen egg masses (48.2%) than for fresh ones (35.4%). Overall, 38.0% of the parasitoids emerged as adults. A female biased sex ratio of 4F:1M was observed for emergent parasitoids.At the Tuscaloosa site, T.basalis, provided by Nezaraviridula (L.), Euschistusservus (Say), Euthyrhynchusfloridanus (L.), Piezodorushybneri (Gmelin) and Plautiaaffinis . Additional host associations, provided by Aeliaacuminata (L.), Aeliacognata Fieber, Aeliagermari K\u00fcster, Agonoscelisrutila (Fabricius), Calideadregeii Germar, Carpocorisfuscispinus (Boheman), Coleotichus blackburniae, Cuspicona simplex Walker, Dolicorisbaccharum (L.), Eurydemaornata (L.), Eurygasteraustriaca (Schrank), Eurygasterintegriceps Puton, Graphosomasemipunctata (Fabricius), Halyomorphaannulicornis (Signoret), Odontotarsusgrammicus (L.), Oechaliaschellenbergi Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville and Raphigaster Laporte.Additional host associations of T.basalis in Genbank. These sequences derive from specimens collected in Italy, Japan and the United States and their invariance indicates that this gene is not informative for identifying populations within the species.The CO1 sequences of the two specimens were identical to each other and to the 7 CO1 sequences of Trissolcus are known to oviposit into the eggs of H.halys despite a physiological inability to develop in them, creating an evolutionary trap (T.basalis are mainly from fresh BMSB eggs, providing evidence that T.basalis finds live BMSB eggs acceptable and suitable as a host. Trissolcusbasalis belongs to the basalis-species group (sensu flavipes-group (sensu basalis group also can successfully parasitise BMSB. In the Umbria Region of Italy, T.basalis emerged from frozen eggs of H.halys in soybean (H.halys in Lengquan, China, at very low frequency (T.basalis are rare.Multiple species of ary trap . Our recup sensu , whereasup sensu . Our rec soybean . This parequency . Peach l"}
{"text": "Dr. Sadie Boniface should be included in the author byline. They should be listed as the sixth author and affiliated with Addictions Department, Kings College London, London, UK. The contributions of this author are as follows: Writing\u2014review & editing.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209442The correct citation is: Beard E, Brown J, West R, Kaner E, Meier P, Boniface S (2019) Associations between socio-economic factors and alcohol consumption: A population survey of adults in England. PLoS ONE 14(2): e0209442."}
{"text": "Expanding the single-visit approach for cervical cancer prevention: successes and lessons from Burkina Faso. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):288\u2013298. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00328Harvey SA. Observe before you leap: why observation provides critical insights for formative research and intervention design that you'll never get from focus groups, Interviews, or KAP Surveys. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):299\u2013316. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00471. (French translation of the abstract added)Koffi TB, Weidert K, Ouro Bitasse E, et al. Engaging men in family planning: perspectives from married men in Lom\u00e9, Togo. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):317\u2013329. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00440Subramanian L, Simon C, Daniel EE. Increasing contraceptive use among young married couples in Bihar, India: evidence from a decade of implementation of the PRACHAR Project. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):330\u2013344. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00290Sarma S, Nemser B, Cole-Lewis H, et al. Effectiveness of SMS technology on timely community health worker follow-up for childhood malnutrition: a retrospective cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):345\u2013355. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00427Marks KJ, Luthringer CL, Ruth LJ, et al. Review of grain fortification legislation, standards, and monitoring documents. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):356\u2013371. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417. (French translation of the abstract added)Ndiaye K, Portillo E, Ouedraogo D, Mobley A, Babalola S. High-risk advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy: tackling a neglected need through formative research and action. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):372\u2013383. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00318Kheang T, Lin MA, Lwin S, et al. Malaria case detection among mobile populations and migrant workers in Myanmar: comparison of 3 service delivery approaches. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):384\u2013389. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-18-00012Choi Y, Short Fabic M. Monitoring progress in equality for the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of meeting demand for family planning. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2018;6(2):390\u2013401. We have added French translations of the abstracts for a number of articles from the June 2018 issue  in which the content focused on countries where the official language is French. This has affected the page numbering of these and subsequent articles. The new citations are as follows:"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Ferreira GS, Veening-Griffioen DH, Boon WPC, Moors EHM, Gispen-de Wied CC, Schellekens H, et al. (2019) A standardised framework to identify optimal animal models for efficacy assessment in drug development. PLoS ONE 14(6): e0218014."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct affiliation information is given below:11 Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan83030-83037. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18789Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:"}
{"text": "AbstractDichelacera is widely distributed in the Neotropical region. The nominal subgenus is the most diverse with 67 species and one subspecies.The genus Dichelaceralamasi n. sp., the 68th species of nominal subgenus, based on a female from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Diagnosis, discussion and illustrations are also provided.We described  Dichelacera proposed by Macquart is a Neotropical genus, occurring from Mexico to Argentina  is the taxonomic group of Tabanidae with the largest increase in the number of species in the last 25 years, with 18 new species described. Here, we describe the 68th species of the subgenusDichelacera.The genus rgentina . Fairchibspecies . DichelaDichelacerastriata Henriques was examined and compared through photographs provided by the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil.The holotype is deposited at Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (MZUSP). Terminology follows Penaforte and Henriques, 2019sp. n.69EA4007-887D-505D-BB5B-65A08D762563urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8410BAD6-8053-4AFD-B7DC-4618A380979BType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Lamas, Nhihei et al.; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Dichelacera (Dichelacera) lamasi Penaforte and Henriques, 2019; order: Diptera; family: Tabanidae; genus: Dichelacera; subgenus: Dichelacera; specificEpithet: lamasi; taxonRank: species; Location: country: Brazil; stateProvince: Mato Grosso do Sul; municipality: Rio Verde; locality: Malaise trap 39; locationRemarks: label transliteration: \"BRAZIL, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Verde, Malaise trap 39, 14-30.x.2012, Lamas, Nihei & eq. col.\"; verbatimCoordinates: 18\u00b055\u201904\u201dS, 54\u00b050\u201938\u201dW; decimalLatitude: -18.917778; decimalLongitude: -54.843889; georeferenceProtocol: Google Earth; Identification: identifiedBy: Penaforte and Henriques; dateIdentified: 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenFemaleLength 8.7 mm. Wing 8.1 mm.Head Fig. c. Frons 1Thorax Fig. a. Anteri1Abdomen Fig. a. First Male. UnknownSmall species, mostly brown. Dorsal spine of the antenna elongated, but not reaching the apex of the first flagellomere. Tentorial pits bare and shiny. Frons convergent at the vertex. Frontal callus narrower than the frons. A large dark interalar band on scutum, but little contrasting. Dark abdomen with narrow clear posterior bands.Holotype female. First preserved in alcohol later pinned. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Verde, Malaise trap 39, 14-30.x.2012, Lamas, Nhihei & eq. col. (Deposited in the collection of the MZUSP).The specific name is in honour of the Brazilian dipterologist Dr. Carlos Lamas, researcher at Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, who collected the material.D.striata Henriques (Fig. Dichelaceralamasi is a specis with narrower frons (Fig. Dichelacerastriata has broad frons (Fig. The new species Fig.  is similues Fig. , but theons Fig. c (frontaons Fig. b, frontaons Fig. c. Dichelons Fig. c (frontaons Fig. a, broad ons Fig. c."}
{"text": "Molecules for any inconvenience caused by these changes.We wish to make the following changes to the published article , agreed The corrected author list, acknowledgements, author contributions are provided below:1,\u2020, Wei-Hua Huang 1,\u2020, Chong-Zhi Wang 2, Chun-Su Yuan 2,* and Shao-Ping Li 1,*Lan-Zhen Meng 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau, China; E-Mails: Meng-lz@hotmail.com (L.-Z.M.); endeavor34852@aliyun.com (W.-H.H.)2 Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; E-Mail: CWang@dacc.uchicago.edu\u2020 These authors contributed equally to this work.SPLi@umac.mo (S.-P.L.); CYuan@dacc.uchicago.edu (C.-S.Y.); Tel.: +853-8822-4692 (S.-P.L.); +1-773-702-1916 (C.-S.Y.); Fax: +853-2884-1358 (S.-P.L.); +1-773-834-0601 (C.-S.Y.).* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: S. Vivekanandhan. The correct citation is: Bhatt SP, Guleria R, Vikram NK, Vivekanandhan S, Singh Y, Gupta AK (2018) Association of inflammatory genes in obstructive sleep apnea and non alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indians residing in north India. PLoS ONE 13(7): e0199599."}