infinite-dataset-hub/HistoricalEvents2023 · Datasets at Hugging Face

idx int64 0 99	Year stringlengths 6 49	Event stringlengths 6 41	Category stringclasses 9 values	Region/Global stringlengths 4 112	Impact stringlengths 16 145 ⌀	Labels stringlengths 27 127 ⌀
0	-480 BC	Battle of Salamis	Political	Global	A decisive naval battle in the Greco-Persian Wars	contributing to the eventual decline of Persian Empire.
1	1776 AD	American Declaration of Independence	Political	North America	Initiated the foundation of the United States and inspired other nations towards self-governance and democracy.	null
2	1876 AD	Invention of Telephone	Technological	Global	Revolutionized global communication	making instant long-distance communication possible.
3	1969 AD	Apollo 11 Moon Landing	Scientific	Global	Symbolized human achievement in space exploration	and marked the start of lunar exploration.
4	2008 AD	Global Financial Crisis	Economic	Global	Triggered a worldwide economic recession	leading to major financial reforms and policy changes globally.
5	-331 BC	Battle of Gaugamela	Political	Global	Had Alexander the Great defeated Darius III	the Persian Empire might have continued to exist. This battle marked a turning point leading to the fall of the Persian Empire.
6	1991 AD	Dissolution of the Soviet Union	Political	Global	Marked the end of the Cold War era	leading to the emergence of 15 independent republics.
7	1844 AD	Invention of the Electrical Telegraph	Technological	Global	Allowed for the first time in history	messages to be sent across vast distances instantly. This technology became the precursor to modern telecommunication systems.
8	1957 AD	Launch of Sputnik 1	Scientific	Global	Initiated the space age and sparked the Space Race between the USA and USSR.	null
9	1929 AD	The Great Depression	Economic	Global	A severe worldwide economic depression that lasted from 1929 to 1939	leading to major financial reforms and policy changes.
10	480 BC	Battle of Thermopylae	Military	Global	A critical stand by Greek city-states against the Persian army	boosting Greek morale and solidarity.
11	1453 AD	Fall of Constantinople	Political	Europe/Global	Marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of the Ottoman Empire	leading to shifts in trade routes and cultural exchanges.
12	Invention of the Telegraph	Technological	Global	Enabled swift	long-distance communication through Morse code	revolutionized global information exchange.
13	1959 AD	Lunar Orbit	Scientific	Global	The first successful man-made object to orbit the Moon	setting the stage for future lunar missions.
14	1913 AD	Federal Reserve Act	Economic	Global	Established the Federal Reserve System in the United States	marking the creation of a central banking system to manage the country's monetary policy.
15	-330 BC	Death of Artaxerxes III	Political	Global	The death of the Persian King Artaxerxes III weakened the empire	contributing to internal instability and vulnerability to external threats.
16	1999 AD	Google's Initial Public Offering	Economic	Global	Began Google's journey as a publicly traded company	which has since become a dominant player in the global technology industry.
17	1876 AD	Invention of Telephone	Technological	Global	Initiated the era of voice communication over long distances	eliminating the need for physical mail and leading to faster decision-making processes.
18	1958 AD	Establishment of NASA	Scientific	Global	Created a centralized agency for space exploration in the United States	leading to increased focus on lunar exploration.
19	1971 AD	End of Bretton Woods System	Economic	Global	The collapse of the Bretton Woods system	which led to the adoption of floating exchange rates and significant changes in international monetary policy.
20	479 BC	Battle of Plataea	Military	Global	The Greek victory led to the withdrawal of Persian forces from Greece	contributing to the weakening of Persian influence.
22	Invention of Telephone	Technological	Global	Allowed direct voice communication over long distances	eliminating the need for written messages and leading to faster decision-making.	null
23	1966 AD	Zond 3	Scientific	Global	The first spacecraft to take pictures of the Moon's far side	demonstrating the feasibility of lunar photography.
24	1929 AD	Stock Market Crash	Economic	Global	Initiated the Great Depression	leading to significant economic downturns worldwide and the implementation of various economic reforms and regulatory measures.
26	2001 AD	9/11 Attacks	Political	Global	Triggered global security reforms and led to the initiation of the War on Terror by the United States.	null
27	1896 AD	First Transatlantic Radio Broadcast	Technological	Global	Enabled audiences in different continents to receive the same broadcast simultaneously	making international news and entertainment possible.
28	1961 AD	First Human in Space	Scientific	Global	Apollo 11 astronauts become the first humans to land on the Moon	setting a precedent for future missions.
29	1987 AD	Black Monday	Economic	Global	One of the most significant stock market crashes in history	which led to the development of new financial regulations to prevent future crashes.
30	459 BC	Battle of Salamis II	Military	Global	Second naval engagement in the Greco-Persian Wars	further depleting Persian naval power.
32	First Balloon-Based Transatlantic Radio Broadcast	Technological	Global	Demonstrated the potential of wireless communication over long distances	paving the way for international broadcasting.	null
33	1966 AD	Zond 5	Scientific	Global	The first spacecraft to return lunar soil samples to Earth	providing invaluable data for scientists.
34	1933 AD	New Deal	Economic	North America	Series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression	including economic reform measures to prevent a repeat of the depression.
36	2007 AD	Launch of Facebook	Technological	Global	Transformed the landscape of social networking and online communication	influencing how people connect and share information.
37	1927 AD	First Commercial Radio Broadcast	Technological	Global	Brought live events to the public	creating a shared experience for people across the world and paving the way for mass media.
38	1962 AD	Vanguard TV3 Mission Failure	Scientific	Global	Failed to launch	but paved the way for future successes in lunar exploration.
39	1997 AD	Asian Financial Crisis	Economic	Asia	A financial crisis that began in Thailand and affected many countries in Asia	leading to the implementation of various reforms in the financial sector.
40	449 BC	Treaty of Callias	Political	Global	A peace agreement marking the end of hostilities between Persia and Athens	limiting Persian expansion.
42	Invention of the Transistor	Technological	Global	Paved the way for miniaturization of electronic devices and the development of portable communication equipment.	null	null
43	1969 AD	Apollo 11	Scientific	Global	The first manned lunar landing	with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin becoming the first humans to walk on the Moon.
44	1944 AD	Bretton Woods Conference	Economic	Global	Led to the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to ensure economic stability and foster international trade.	null
46	2010 AD	Release of the iPad	Technological	Global	Introduced a new category of personal computing devices	significantly impacting the technology and media industries.
47	1947 AD	First Transatlantic Cable Installed	Technological	Global	Enhanced the speed and reliability of communication between North America and Europe	thus facilitating international business and diplomacy.
48	1965 AD	Apollo 9 Mission	Scientific	Global	Successfully tested the lunar module and spacecraft systems	preparing for the Moon landing.
49	2000 AD	Dot-com Bubble Burst	Economic	Global	The burst of the dot-com bubble led to widespread changes in financial regulations	particularly concerning the technology sector.
50	429 BC	Battle of the Eurymedon	Military	Mediterranean	Decisive Greek victories against Persian forces	restricting Persian access to Mediterranean trade routes.
52	Birth of ARPANET	Technological	Global	Developed into the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite	a precursor to the modern internet	facilitating real-time data exchange.
53	1970 AD	Salyut 1	Scientific	Global	The first space station to be launched by the Soviet Union	with plans to carry out long-term human spaceflight missions.
54	1971 AD	Nixon Shock	Economic	Global	Withdrew the United States from the Bretton Woods system	leading to floating exchange rates and greater economic independence for nations.
56	2011 AD	Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster	Environmental	Global	Served as a wake-up call about the risks of nuclear energy and led to a reevaluation of energy policies worldwide.	null
57	1962 AD	First Global Communications Satellite	Technological	Global	Enabled real-time communication between any two points on the planet	reducing communication delays and fostering global connectivity.
58	1969 AD	Apollo 11 Moon Landing	Scientific	Global	Apollo 11 successfully lands on the Moon	fulfilling the goal of President Kennedy to land a man on the Moon before the end of the decade.
59	2008 AD	Global Financial Crisis	Economic	Global	Triggered a worldwide economic recession	leading to major financial reforms and policy changes.
60	401 BC	Battle of Issus	Military	Asia Minor	Greek forces under Alexander the Great defeat the Persian army	signaling the beginning of the end for the Persian Empire.
62	Introduction of 1G Cellular Network	Technological	Global	Marked the beginning of cellular telephony	allowing communication on the go	revolutionizing personal and business communication.
63	1971 AD	Soyuz 11	Scientific	Global	The first human spaceflight to orbit the Moon and land on its surface	marking a significant milestone in lunar exploration.
64	1986 AD	Chilean Coup	Political	South America	Overthrow of President Salvador Allende	leading to a new constitution and financial liberalization policies.
66	2012 AD	Mars Rover Curiosity Landing	Scientific	Global	Represented a significant milestone in space exploration and the search for extraterrestrial life.	null
68	1972 AD	Apollo 17 Mission	Scientific	Global	Final mission of NASA's Apollo lunar program	returning the first Moon samples to Earth and establishing a Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter for future exploration.
69	2008 AD	Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy	Economic	Global	The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers was a significant factor in the global financial crisis and led to changes in banking regulations.	null
70	334 BC	Battle of the Granicus	Military	Asia Minor	Alexander's victory opens up Asia Minor to Greek influence and marks the start of the decline of Persian power.	null
72	Invention of the World Wide Web	Technological	Global	Provided a new platform for global information sharing and communication	connecting millions of users and leading to the information age.	null
74	1992 AD	Maastricht Treaty	Political	European Union	Established the European Union and set the stage for economic and monetary union	eventually leading to the creation of the Euro.
76	2014 AD	Chernobyl Exclusion Zone Tourism	Environmental	Global	Highlighted the long-term impacts of nuclear disasters on ecosystems and economies	and how some areas can recover over time.
79	2008 AD	Sarbanes-Oxley Act	Legal	Global	A response to major accounting scandals	leading to stricter regulations for public companies and financial reporting.
80	333 BC	Battle of Gaugamela	Military	Asia Minor	Alexander's decisive victory over Darius III of Persia	leading to the collapse of the Persian Empire's control over its territories.
82	Launch of the First Web Browser	Internet	Global	Enabled the widespread use of the internet by the public	turning it into a common tool for instant communication.	null
84	2001 AD	Enron Scandal	Economic	Global	Exposed major financial fraud	leading to greater regulation and oversight of financial markets and corporate governance worldwide.
86	2016 AD	Cambridge Analytica Scandal	Political	Global	Revealed the potential misuse of data in influencing political outcomes and raised concerns about privacy and ethics in the digital age.	null
89	2008 AD	Financial Stability Plan	Political	Global	A plan introduced by governments worldwide to stabilize the financial system during the crisis	leading to new regulations and oversight mechanisms.
90	331 BC	Siege of Tyre	Military	Asia Minor	Alexander's conquest of Tyre demonstrates the vulnerability of Persian naval power and the strength of Macedonian military strategies.	null
92	Launch of Google Search	Internet	Global	Simplified access to the internet's vast information	facilitating immediate information retrieval and communication across the globe.	null
96	2018 AD	Release of WhatsApp End-to-End Encryption	Technological	Global	Set a new standard for privacy in digital communication	with implications for government surveillance and personal freedom.
99	2008 AD	Basel III	Financial	Global	A set of international banking regulations developed in response to the financial crisis	focusing on improving the banking sector's ability to absorb shocks.

0

-480 BC

Battle of Salamis

Political

Global

A decisive naval battle in the Greco-Persian Wars

contributing to the eventual decline of Persian Empire.

1

1776 AD

American Declaration of Independence

Political

North America

Initiated the foundation of the United States and inspired other nations towards self-governance and democracy.

null

2

1876 AD

Invention of Telephone

Technological

Global

Revolutionized global communication

making instant long-distance communication possible.

3

1969 AD

Apollo 11 Moon Landing

Scientific

Global

Symbolized human achievement in space exploration

and marked the start of lunar exploration.

4

2008 AD

Global Financial Crisis

Economic

Global

Triggered a worldwide economic recession

leading to major financial reforms and policy changes globally.

5

-331 BC

Battle of Gaugamela

Political

Global

Had Alexander the Great defeated Darius III

the Persian Empire might have continued to exist. This battle marked a turning point leading to the fall of the Persian Empire.

6

1991 AD

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

Political

Global

Marked the end of the Cold War era

leading to the emergence of 15 independent republics.

7

1844 AD

Invention of the Electrical Telegraph

Technological

Global

Allowed for the first time in history

messages to be sent across vast distances instantly. This technology became the precursor to modern telecommunication systems.

8

1957 AD

Launch of Sputnik 1

Scientific

Global

Initiated the space age and sparked the Space Race between the USA and USSR.

null

9

1929 AD

The Great Depression

Economic

Global

A severe worldwide economic depression that lasted from 1929 to 1939

leading to major financial reforms and policy changes.

10

480 BC

Battle of Thermopylae

Military

Global

A critical stand by Greek city-states against the Persian army

boosting Greek morale and solidarity.

11

1453 AD

Fall of Constantinople

Political

Europe/Global

Marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of the Ottoman Empire

leading to shifts in trade routes and cultural exchanges.

12

Invention of the Telegraph

Technological

Global

Enabled swift

long-distance communication through Morse code

revolutionized global information exchange.

13

1959 AD

Lunar Orbit

Scientific

Global

The first successful man-made object to orbit the Moon

setting the stage for future lunar missions.

14

1913 AD

Federal Reserve Act

Economic

Global

Established the Federal Reserve System in the United States

marking the creation of a central banking system to manage the country's monetary policy.

15

-330 BC

Death of Artaxerxes III

Political

Global

The death of the Persian King Artaxerxes III weakened the empire

contributing to internal instability and vulnerability to external threats.

16

1999 AD

Google's Initial Public Offering

Economic

Global

Began Google's journey as a publicly traded company

which has since become a dominant player in the global technology industry.

17

1876 AD

Invention of Telephone

Technological

Global

Initiated the era of voice communication over long distances

eliminating the need for physical mail and leading to faster decision-making processes.

18

1958 AD

Establishment of NASA

Scientific

Global

Created a centralized agency for space exploration in the United States

leading to increased focus on lunar exploration.

19

1971 AD

End of Bretton Woods System

Economic

Global

The collapse of the Bretton Woods system

which led to the adoption of floating exchange rates and significant changes in international monetary policy.

20

479 BC

Battle of Plataea

Military

Global

The Greek victory led to the withdrawal of Persian forces from Greece

contributing to the weakening of Persian influence.

22

Invention of Telephone

Technological

Global

Allowed direct voice communication over long distances

eliminating the need for written messages and leading to faster decision-making.

null

23

1966 AD

Zond 3

Scientific

Global

The first spacecraft to take pictures of the Moon's far side

demonstrating the feasibility of lunar photography.

24

1929 AD

Stock Market Crash

Economic

Global

Initiated the Great Depression

leading to significant economic downturns worldwide and the implementation of various economic reforms and regulatory measures.

26

2001 AD

9/11 Attacks

Political

Global

Triggered global security reforms and led to the initiation of the War on Terror by the United States.

null

27

1896 AD

First Transatlantic Radio Broadcast

Technological

Global

Enabled audiences in different continents to receive the same broadcast simultaneously

making international news and entertainment possible.

28

1961 AD

First Human in Space

Scientific

Global

Apollo 11 astronauts become the first humans to land on the Moon

setting a precedent for future missions.

29

1987 AD

Black Monday

Economic

Global

One of the most significant stock market crashes in history

which led to the development of new financial regulations to prevent future crashes.

30

459 BC

Battle of Salamis II

Military

Global

Second naval engagement in the Greco-Persian Wars

further depleting Persian naval power.

32

First Balloon-Based Transatlantic Radio Broadcast

Technological

Global

Demonstrated the potential of wireless communication over long distances

paving the way for international broadcasting.

null

33

1966 AD

Zond 5

Scientific

Global

The first spacecraft to return lunar soil samples to Earth

providing invaluable data for scientists.

34

1933 AD

New Deal

Economic

North America

Series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression

including economic reform measures to prevent a repeat of the depression.

36

2007 AD

Launch of Facebook

Technological

Global

Transformed the landscape of social networking and online communication

influencing how people connect and share information.

37

1927 AD

First Commercial Radio Broadcast

Technological

Global

Brought live events to the public

creating a shared experience for people across the world and paving the way for mass media.

38

1962 AD

Vanguard TV3 Mission Failure

Scientific

Global

Failed to launch

but paved the way for future successes in lunar exploration.

39

1997 AD

Asian Financial Crisis

Economic

Asia

A financial crisis that began in Thailand and affected many countries in Asia

leading to the implementation of various reforms in the financial sector.

40

449 BC

Treaty of Callias

Political

Global

A peace agreement marking the end of hostilities between Persia and Athens

limiting Persian expansion.

42

Invention of the Transistor

Technological

Global

Paved the way for miniaturization of electronic devices and the development of portable communication equipment.

null

43

1969 AD

Apollo 11

Scientific

Global

The first manned lunar landing

with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin becoming the first humans to walk on the Moon.

44

1944 AD

Bretton Woods Conference

Economic

Global

Led to the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to ensure economic stability and foster international trade.

null

46

2010 AD

Release of the iPad

Technological

Global

Introduced a new category of personal computing devices

significantly impacting the technology and media industries.

47

1947 AD

First Transatlantic Cable Installed

Technological

Global

Enhanced the speed and reliability of communication between North America and Europe

thus facilitating international business and diplomacy.

48

1965 AD

Apollo 9 Mission

Scientific

Global

Successfully tested the lunar module and spacecraft systems

preparing for the Moon landing.

49

2000 AD

Dot-com Bubble Burst

Economic

Global

The burst of the dot-com bubble led to widespread changes in financial regulations

particularly concerning the technology sector.

50

429 BC

Battle of the Eurymedon

Military

Mediterranean

Decisive Greek victories against Persian forces

restricting Persian access to Mediterranean trade routes.

52

Birth of ARPANET

Technological

Global

Developed into the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite

a precursor to the modern internet

facilitating real-time data exchange.

53

1970 AD

Salyut 1

Scientific

Global

The first space station to be launched by the Soviet Union

with plans to carry out long-term human spaceflight missions.

54

1971 AD

Nixon Shock

Economic

Global

Withdrew the United States from the Bretton Woods system

leading to floating exchange rates and greater economic independence for nations.

56

2011 AD

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster

Environmental

Global

Served as a wake-up call about the risks of nuclear energy and led to a reevaluation of energy policies worldwide.

null

57

1962 AD

First Global Communications Satellite

Technological

Global

Enabled real-time communication between any two points on the planet

reducing communication delays and fostering global connectivity.

58

1969 AD

Apollo 11 Moon Landing

Scientific

Global

Apollo 11 successfully lands on the Moon

fulfilling the goal of President Kennedy to land a man on the Moon before the end of the decade.

59

2008 AD

Global Financial Crisis

Economic

Global

Triggered a worldwide economic recession

leading to major financial reforms and policy changes.

60

401 BC

Battle of Issus

Military

Asia Minor

Greek forces under Alexander the Great defeat the Persian army

signaling the beginning of the end for the Persian Empire.

62

Introduction of 1G Cellular Network

Technological

Global

Marked the beginning of cellular telephony

allowing communication on the go

revolutionizing personal and business communication.

63

1971 AD

Soyuz 11

Scientific

Global

The first human spaceflight to orbit the Moon and land on its surface

marking a significant milestone in lunar exploration.

64

1986 AD

Chilean Coup

Political

South America

Overthrow of President Salvador Allende

leading to a new constitution and financial liberalization policies.

66

2012 AD

Mars Rover Curiosity Landing

Scientific

Global

Represented a significant milestone in space exploration and the search for extraterrestrial life.

null

68

1972 AD

Apollo 17 Mission

Scientific

Global

Final mission of NASA's Apollo lunar program

returning the first Moon samples to Earth and establishing a Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter for future exploration.

69

2008 AD

Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy

Economic

Global

The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers was a significant factor in the global financial crisis and led to changes in banking regulations.

null

70

334 BC

Battle of the Granicus

Military

Asia Minor

Alexander's victory opens up Asia Minor to Greek influence and marks the start of the decline of Persian power.

null

72

Invention of the World Wide Web

Technological

Global

Provided a new platform for global information sharing and communication

connecting millions of users and leading to the information age.

null

74

1992 AD

Maastricht Treaty

Political

European Union

Established the European Union and set the stage for economic and monetary union

eventually leading to the creation of the Euro.

76

2014 AD

Chernobyl Exclusion Zone Tourism

Environmental

Global

Highlighted the long-term impacts of nuclear disasters on ecosystems and economies

and how some areas can recover over time.

79

2008 AD

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Legal

Global

A response to major accounting scandals

leading to stricter regulations for public companies and financial reporting.

80

333 BC

Battle of Gaugamela

Military

Asia Minor

Alexander's decisive victory over Darius III of Persia

leading to the collapse of the Persian Empire's control over its territories.

82

Launch of the First Web Browser

Internet

Global

Enabled the widespread use of the internet by the public

turning it into a common tool for instant communication.

null

84

2001 AD

Enron Scandal

Economic

Global

Exposed major financial fraud

leading to greater regulation and oversight of financial markets and corporate governance worldwide.

86

2016 AD

Cambridge Analytica Scandal

Political

Global

Revealed the potential misuse of data in influencing political outcomes and raised concerns about privacy and ethics in the digital age.

null

89

2008 AD

Financial Stability Plan

Political

Global

A plan introduced by governments worldwide to stabilize the financial system during the crisis

leading to new regulations and oversight mechanisms.

90

331 BC

Siege of Tyre

Military

Asia Minor

Alexander's conquest of Tyre demonstrates the vulnerability of Persian naval power and the strength of Macedonian military strategies.

null

92

Launch of Google Search

Internet

Global

Simplified access to the internet's vast information

facilitating immediate information retrieval and communication across the globe.

null

96

2018 AD

Release of WhatsApp End-to-End Encryption

Technological

Global

Set a new standard for privacy in digital communication

with implications for government surveillance and personal freedom.

99

2008 AD

Basel III

Financial

Global

A set of international banking regulations developed in response to the financial crisis

focusing on improving the banking sector's ability to absorb shocks.