guile/libguile/posix.c

/* Copyright 1995-2014, 2016-2019, 2021-2024
     Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Copyright 2021 Maxime Devos <[email protected]>

   This file is part of Guile.

   Guile is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published
   by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   Guile is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
   ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
   License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License along with Guile.  If not, see
   <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */



#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#  include <config.h>
#endif

#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <uniconv.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <spawn.h>

#ifdef HAVE_SCHED_H
# include <sched.h>
#endif

#if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
# include <sys/time.h>
#endif
#include <time.h>

#ifdef HAVE_PWD_H
# include <pwd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_IO_H
# include <io.h>
#endif

#ifdef __MINGW32__
# include "posix-w32.h"
#endif

#include "async.h"
#include "bitvectors.h"
#include "dynwind.h"
#include "extensions.h"
#include "feature.h"
#include "finalizers.h"
#include "fports.h"
#include "gettext.h"
#include "gsubr.h"
#include "keywords.h"
#include "list.h"
#include "modules.h"
#include "numbers.h"
#include "pairs.h"
#include "scmsigs.h"
#include "srfi-13.h"
#include "srfi-14.h"
#include "strings.h"
#include "symbols.h"
#include "syscalls.h"
#include "threads.h"
#include "values.h"
#include "vectors.h"
#include "verify.h"
#include "version.h"

#if (SCM_ENABLE_DEPRECATED == 1)
#include "deprecation.h"
#endif

#include "posix.h"

#if HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
# include <sys/wait.h>
#endif
#ifndef WEXITSTATUS
# define WEXITSTATUS(stat_val) ((unsigned)(stat_val) >> 8)
#endif
#ifndef WIFEXITED
# define WIFEXITED(stat_val) (((stat_val) & 255) == 0)
#endif

#ifndef W_EXITCODE
/* Macro for constructing a status value.  Found in glibc.  */
# ifdef _WIN32                            /* see Gnulib's posix-w32.h */
#  define W_EXITCODE(ret, sig)   (ret)
# else
#  define W_EXITCODE(ret, sig)   ((ret) << 8 | (sig))
# endif
verify (WEXITSTATUS (W_EXITCODE (127, 0)) == 127);
#endif


#include <signal.h>

#ifdef HAVE_GRP_H
#include <grp.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UTSNAME_H
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#endif

#include <locale.h>

#if (defined HAVE_NEWLOCALE) && (defined HAVE_STRCOLL_L)
# define USE_GNU_LOCALE_API
#endif

#if (defined USE_GNU_LOCALE_API) && (defined HAVE_XLOCALE_H)
# include <xlocale.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_CRYPT_H
#  include <crypt.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_NETDB_H
#include <netdb.h>      /* for MAXHOSTNAMELEN on Solaris */
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
#include <sys/param.h>  /* for MAXHOSTNAMELEN */
#endif

#if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#  include <sys/resource.h>
#endif

#include <sys/file.h>     /* from Gnulib */

/* Some Unix systems don't define these.  CPP hair is dangerous, but
   this seems safe enough... */
#ifndef R_OK
#define R_OK 4
#endif

#ifndef W_OK
#define W_OK 2
#endif

#ifndef X_OK
#define X_OK 1
#endif

#ifndef F_OK
#define F_OK 0
#endif

/* No prototype for this on Solaris 10.  The man page says it's in
   <unistd.h> ... but it lies. */
#if ! HAVE_DECL_SETHOSTNAME
int sethostname (char *name, size_t namelen);
#endif

#if defined HAVE_GETLOGIN && !HAVE_DECL_GETLOGIN
/* MinGW doesn't supply this decl; see
   http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-gnulib/2013-03/msg00030.html for more
   details.  */
char *getlogin (void);
#endif

/* On NextStep, <utime.h> doesn't define struct utime, unless we
   #define _POSIX_SOURCE before #including it.  I think this is less
   of a kludge than defining struct utimbuf ourselves.  */
#ifdef UTIMBUF_NEEDS_POSIX
#define _POSIX_SOURCE
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UTIME_H
#include <sys/utime.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_UTIME_H
#include <utime.h>
#endif

/* Please don't add any more #includes or #defines here.  The hack
   above means that _POSIX_SOURCE may be #defined, which will
   encourage header files to do strange things.

   FIXME: Maybe should undef _POSIX_SOURCE after it's done its job.

   FIXME: Probably should do all the includes first, then all the fallback
   declarations and defines, in case things are not in the header we
   imagine.  */






/* Two often used patterns
 */

#define WITH_STRING(str,cstr,code)             \
  do {                                         \
    char *cstr = scm_to_locale_string (str);   \
    code;                                      \
    free (cstr);                               \
  } while (0)

#define STRING_SYSCALL(str,cstr,code)        \
  do {                                       \
    int eno;                                 \
    char *cstr = scm_to_locale_string (str); \
    SCM_SYSCALL (code);                      \
    eno = errno; free (cstr); errno = eno;   \
  } while (0)



SCM_SYMBOL (sym_read_pipe, "read pipe");
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_write_pipe, "write pipe");

SCM_DEFINE (scm_pipe2, "pipe", 0, 1, 0,
            (SCM flags),
	    "Return a newly created pipe: a pair of ports which are linked\n"
	    "together on the local machine.  The @emph{car} is the input\n"
	    "port and the @emph{cdr} is the output port.  Data written (and\n"
	    "flushed) to the output port can be read from the input port.\n"
	    "Pipes are commonly used for communication with a newly forked\n"
	    "child process.  The need to flush the output port can be\n"
	    "avoided by making it unbuffered using @code{setvbuf}.\n"
	    "\n"
            "Optionally, on systems that support it such as GNU/Linux and\n"
            "GNU/Hurd, @var{flags} can specify a bitwise-or of the following\n"
            "constants:\n"
            "\n"
            "@table @code\n"
            "@item O_CLOEXEC\n"
            "Mark the returned file descriptors as close-on-exec;\n"
            "@item O_DIRECT\n"
            "Create a pipe that performs input/output in \"packet\"\n"
            "mode---see @command{man 2 pipe} for details;\n"
            "@item O_NONBLOCK\n"
            "Set the @code{O_NONBLOCK} status flag (non-blocking input and\n"
            "output) on the file descriptors.\n"
            "@end table\n"
            "\n"
            "On systems that do @emph{not} support it, passing a non-zero\n"
            "@var{flags} value triggers a @code{system-error} exception.\n"
	    "\n"
	    "Writes occur atomically provided the size of the data in bytes\n"
	    "is not greater than the value of @code{PIPE_BUF}.  Note that\n"
	    "the output port is likely to block if too much data (typically\n"
	    "equal to @code{PIPE_BUF}) has been written but not yet read\n"
	    "from the input port.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_pipe2
{
  int fd[2], rv, c_flags;
  SCM p_rd, p_wt;

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (flags))
    c_flags = 0;
  else
    SCM_VALIDATE_INT_COPY (1, flags, c_flags);

#ifdef HAVE_PIPE2
  rv = pipe2 (fd, c_flags);
#else
  if (c_flags == 0)
    rv = pipe (fd);
  else
    /* 'pipe2' cannot be emulated on systems that lack it: calling
       'fnctl' afterwards to set the relevant flags is not equivalent
       because it's not atomic.  */
    rv = ENOSYS;
#endif

  if (rv)
    SCM_SYSERROR;

  p_rd = scm_i_fdes_to_port (fd[0], scm_mode_bits ("r"), sym_read_pipe,
                             SCM_FPORT_OPTION_NOT_SEEKABLE);
  p_wt = scm_i_fdes_to_port (fd[1], scm_mode_bits ("w"), sym_write_pipe,
                             SCM_FPORT_OPTION_NOT_SEEKABLE);
  return scm_cons (p_rd, p_wt);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM
scm_pipe (void)
{
  return scm_pipe2 (SCM_INUM0);
}

#ifdef HAVE_GETGROUPS
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getgroups, "getgroups", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return a vector of integers representing the current\n"
	    "supplementary group IDs.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getgroups
{
  SCM result;
  int ngroups;
  size_t size;
  GETGROUPS_T *groups;

  ngroups = getgroups (0, NULL);
  if (ngroups < 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  else if (ngroups == 0)
    return scm_c_make_vector (0, SCM_BOOL_F);

  size = ngroups * sizeof (GETGROUPS_T);
  groups = scm_malloc (size);
  ngroups = getgroups (ngroups, groups);

  result = scm_c_make_vector (ngroups, SCM_BOOL_F);
  while (--ngroups >= 0) 
    SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET (result, ngroups, scm_from_ulong (groups[ngroups]));

  free (groups);
  return result;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME  
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SETGROUPS
SCM_DEFINE (scm_setgroups, "setgroups", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM group_vec),
	    "Set the current set of supplementary group IDs to the integers\n"
	    "in the given vector @var{group_vec}.  The return value is\n"
	    "unspecified.\n"
	    "\n"
	    "Generally only the superuser can set the process group IDs.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setgroups
{
  size_t ngroups;
  size_t size;
  size_t i;
  int result;
  int save_errno;
  GETGROUPS_T *groups;

  SCM_VALIDATE_VECTOR (SCM_ARG1, group_vec);

  ngroups = SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_LENGTH (group_vec);

  /* validate before allocating, so we don't have to worry about leaks */
  for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++)
    {
      unsigned long ulong_gid;
      GETGROUPS_T gid;
      SCM_VALIDATE_ULONG_COPY (1, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (group_vec, i),
			       ulong_gid);
      gid = ulong_gid;
      if (gid != ulong_gid)
	SCM_OUT_OF_RANGE (1, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (group_vec, i));
    }

  size = ngroups * sizeof (GETGROUPS_T);
  if (size / sizeof (GETGROUPS_T) != ngroups)
    SCM_OUT_OF_RANGE (SCM_ARG1, scm_from_int (ngroups));
  groups = scm_malloc (size);
  for(i = 0; i < ngroups; i++)
    groups [i] = SCM_NUM2ULONG (1, SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_REF (group_vec, i));

  result = setgroups (ngroups, groups);
  save_errno = errno; /* don't let free() touch errno */
  free (groups);
  errno = save_errno;
  if (result < 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_GETPWENT
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getpwuid, "getpw", 0, 1, 0,
            (SCM user),
	    "Look up an entry in the user database.  @var{user} can be an\n"
	    "integer, a string, or omitted, giving the behavior of\n"
	    "@code{getpwuid}, @code{getpwnam} or @code{getpwent}\n"
	    "respectively.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getpwuid
{
  struct passwd *entry;

  SCM result = scm_c_make_vector (7, SCM_UNSPECIFIED);
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (user) || scm_is_false (user))
    {
      SCM_SYSCALL (entry = getpwent ());
      if (! entry)
	{
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;
	}
    }
  else if (scm_is_integer (user))
    {
      entry = getpwuid (scm_to_int (user));
    }
  else
    {
      WITH_STRING (user, c_user,
		   entry = getpwnam (c_user));
    }
  if (!entry)
    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("entry not found", SCM_EOL);

  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 0, scm_from_locale_string (entry->pw_name));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 1, scm_from_locale_string (entry->pw_passwd));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 2, scm_from_ulong (entry->pw_uid));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 3, scm_from_ulong (entry->pw_gid));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 4, scm_from_locale_string (entry->pw_gecos));
  if (!entry->pw_dir)
    SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 5, scm_from_utf8_string (""));
  else
    SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 5, scm_from_locale_string (entry->pw_dir));
  if (!entry->pw_shell)
    SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 6, scm_from_utf8_string (""));
  else
    SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 6, scm_from_locale_string (entry->pw_shell));
  return result;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETPWENT */


#ifdef HAVE_SETPWENT
SCM_DEFINE (scm_setpwent, "setpw", 0, 1, 0,
            (SCM arg),
	    "If called with a true argument, initialize or reset the password data\n"
	    "stream.  Otherwise, close the stream.  The @code{setpwent} and\n"
	    "@code{endpwent} procedures are implemented on top of this.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setpwent
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (arg) || scm_is_false (arg))
    endpwent ();
  else
    setpwent ();
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif


#ifdef HAVE_GETGRENT
/* Combines getgrgid and getgrnam.  */
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getgrgid, "getgr", 0, 1, 0,
            (SCM name),
	    "Look up an entry in the group database.  @var{name} can be an\n"
	    "integer, a string, or omitted, giving the behavior of\n"
	    "@code{getgrgid}, @code{getgrnam} or @code{getgrent}\n"
	    "respectively.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getgrgid
{
  struct group *entry;
  SCM result = scm_c_make_vector (4, SCM_UNSPECIFIED);

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (name) || scm_is_false (name))
    {
      SCM_SYSCALL (entry = getgrent ());
      if (! entry)
	{
	  return SCM_BOOL_F;
	}
    }
  else if (scm_is_integer (name))
    SCM_SYSCALL (entry = getgrgid (scm_to_int (name)));
  else
    STRING_SYSCALL (name, c_name,
		    entry = getgrnam (c_name));
  if (!entry)
    SCM_SYSERROR;

  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 0, scm_from_locale_string (entry->gr_name));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 1, scm_from_locale_string (entry->gr_passwd));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 2, scm_from_ulong  (entry->gr_gid));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 3, scm_makfromstrs (-1, entry->gr_mem));
  return result;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME



SCM_DEFINE (scm_setgrent, "setgr", 0, 1, 0, 
            (SCM arg),
	    "If called with a true argument, initialize or reset the group data\n"
	    "stream.  Otherwise, close the stream.  The @code{setgrent} and\n"
	    "@code{endgrent} procedures are implemented on top of this.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setgrent
{
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (arg) || scm_is_false (arg))
    endgrent ();
  else
    setgrent ();
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETGRENT */


#ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
#ifdef RLIMIT_AS
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_as, "as");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_CORE
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_core, "core");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_CPU
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_cpu, "cpu");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_DATA
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_data, "data");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_FSIZE
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_fsize, "fsize");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_memlock, "memlock");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_msgqueue, "msgqueue");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_NICE
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_nice, "nice");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_nofile, "nofile");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_NPROC
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_nproc, "nproc");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_RSS
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_rss, "rss");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_RTPRIO
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_rtprio, "rtprio");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_RTPRIO
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_rttime, "rttime");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_sigpending, "sigpending");
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_STACK
SCM_SYMBOL (sym_stack, "stack");
#endif

static int
scm_to_resource (SCM s, const char *func, int pos)
{
  if (scm_is_number (s))
    return scm_to_int (s);
  
  SCM_ASSERT_TYPE (scm_is_symbol (s), s, pos, func, "symbol");

#ifdef RLIMIT_AS
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_as))
    return RLIMIT_AS;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_CORE
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_core))
    return RLIMIT_CORE;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_CPU
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_cpu))
    return RLIMIT_CPU;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_DATA
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_data))
    return RLIMIT_DATA;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_FSIZE
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_fsize))
    return RLIMIT_FSIZE;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_memlock))
    return RLIMIT_MEMLOCK;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_msgqueue))
    return RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_NICE
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_nice))
    return RLIMIT_NICE;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_nofile))
    return RLIMIT_NOFILE;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_NPROC
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_nproc))
    return RLIMIT_NPROC;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_RSS
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_rss))
    return RLIMIT_RSS;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_RTPRIO
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_rtprio))
    return RLIMIT_RTPRIO;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_RTPRIO
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_rttime))
    return RLIMIT_RTPRIO;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_sigpending))
    return RLIMIT_SIGPENDING;
#endif
#ifdef RLIMIT_STACK
  if (scm_is_eq (s, sym_stack))
    return RLIMIT_STACK;
#endif

  scm_misc_error (func, "invalid rlimit resource ~A", scm_list_1 (s));
  return 0;
}
  
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getrlimit, "getrlimit", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM resource),
	    "Get a resource limit for this process. @var{resource} identifies the resource,\n"
            "either as an integer or as a symbol. For example, @code{(getrlimit 'stack)}\n"
            "gets the limits associated with @code{RLIMIT_STACK}.\n\n"
	    "@code{getrlimit} returns two values, the soft and the hard limit. If no\n"
            "limit is set for the resource in question, the returned limit will be @code{#f}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getrlimit
{
  int iresource;
  struct rlimit lim = { 0, 0 };
  
  iresource = scm_to_resource (resource, FUNC_NAME, 1);
  
  if (getrlimit (iresource, &lim) != 0)
    scm_syserror (FUNC_NAME);

  return scm_values_2 ((lim.rlim_cur == RLIM_INFINITY) ? SCM_BOOL_F
                       : scm_from_long (lim.rlim_cur),
                       (lim.rlim_max == RLIM_INFINITY) ? SCM_BOOL_F
                       : scm_from_long (lim.rlim_max));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


#ifdef HAVE_SETRLIMIT
SCM_DEFINE (scm_setrlimit, "setrlimit", 3, 0, 0,
            (SCM resource, SCM soft, SCM hard),
	    "Set a resource limit for this process. @var{resource} identifies the resource,\n"
            "either as an integer or as a symbol. @var{soft} and @var{hard} should be integers,\n"
            "or @code{#f} to indicate no limit (i.e., @code{RLIM_INFINITY}).\n\n"
            "For example, @code{(setrlimit 'stack 150000 300000)} sets the @code{RLIMIT_STACK}\n"
            "limit to 150 kilobytes, with a hard limit of 300 kB.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setrlimit
{
  int iresource;
  struct rlimit lim = { 0, 0 };
  
  iresource = scm_to_resource (resource, FUNC_NAME, 1);
  
  lim.rlim_cur = scm_is_false (soft) ? RLIM_INFINITY : scm_to_long (soft);
  lim.rlim_max = scm_is_false (hard) ? RLIM_INFINITY : scm_to_long (hard);

  if (setrlimit (iresource, &lim) != 0)
    scm_syserror (FUNC_NAME);

  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SETRLIMIT */
#endif /* HAVE_GETRLIMIT */


#ifdef HAVE_KILL
SCM_DEFINE (scm_kill, "kill", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM pid, SCM sig),
	    "Sends a signal to the specified process or group of processes.\n\n"
	    "@var{pid} specifies the processes to which the signal is sent:\n\n"
	    "@table @r\n"
	    "@item @var{pid} greater than 0\n"
	    "The process whose identifier is @var{pid}.\n"
	    "@item @var{pid} equal to 0\n"
	    "All processes in the current process group.\n"
	    "@item @var{pid} less than -1\n"
	    "The process group whose identifier is -@var{pid}\n"
	    "@item @var{pid} equal to -1\n"
	    "If the process is privileged, all processes except for some special\n"
	    "system processes.  Otherwise, all processes with the current effective\n"
	    "user ID.\n"
	    "@end table\n\n"
	    "@var{sig} should be specified using a variable corresponding to\n"
	    "the Unix symbolic name, e.g.,\n\n"
	    "@defvar SIGHUP\n"
	    "Hang-up signal.\n"
	    "@end defvar\n\n"
	    "@defvar SIGINT\n"
	    "Interrupt signal.\n"
	    "@end defvar")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_kill
{
  /* Signal values are interned in scm_init_posix().  */
  if (kill (scm_to_int (pid), scm_to_int  (sig)) != 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WAITPID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_waitpid, "waitpid", 1, 1, 0,
            (SCM pid, SCM options),
	    "This procedure collects status information from a child process which\n"
	    "has terminated or (optionally) stopped.  Normally it will\n"
	    "suspend the calling process until this can be done.  If more than one\n"
	    "child process is eligible then one will be chosen by the operating system.\n\n"
	    "The value of @var{pid} determines the behavior:\n\n"
	    "@table @r\n"
	    "@item @var{pid} greater than 0\n"
	    "Request status information from the specified child process.\n"
	    "@item @var{pid} equal to -1 or WAIT_ANY\n"
	    "Request status information for any child process.\n"
	    "@item @var{pid} equal to 0 or WAIT_MYPGRP\n"
	    "Request status information for any child process in the current process\n"
	    "group.\n"
	    "@item @var{pid} less than -1\n"
	    "Request status information for any child process whose process group ID\n"
	    "is -@var{pid}.\n"
	    "@end table\n\n"
	    "The @var{options} argument, if supplied, should be the bitwise OR of the\n"
	    "values of zero or more of the following variables:\n\n"
	    "@defvar WNOHANG\n"
	    "Return immediately even if there are no child processes to be collected.\n"
	    "@end defvar\n\n"
	    "@defvar WUNTRACED\n"
	    "Report status information for stopped processes as well as terminated\n"
	    "processes.\n"
	    "@end defvar\n\n"
	    "The return value is a pair containing:\n\n"
	    "@enumerate\n"
	    "@item\n"
	    "The process ID of the child process, or 0 if @code{WNOHANG} was\n"
	    "specified and no process was collected.\n"
	    "@item\n"
	    "The integer status value.\n"
	    "@end enumerate")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_waitpid
{
  int i;
  int status;
  int ioptions;
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (options))
    ioptions = 0;
  else
    {
      /* Flags are interned in scm_init_posix.  */
      ioptions = scm_to_int (options);
    }
  SCM_SYSCALL (i = waitpid (scm_to_int (pid), &status, ioptions));
  if (i == -1)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return scm_cons (scm_from_int (i), scm_from_int (status));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_WAITPID */

#ifdef WIFEXITED
SCM_DEFINE (scm_status_exit_val, "status:exit-val", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM status),
	    "Return the exit status value, as would be set if a process\n"
	    "ended normally through a call to @code{exit} or @code{_exit},\n"
	    "if any, otherwise @code{#f}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_status_exit_val
{
  int lstatus;

  /* On Ultrix, the WIF... macros assume their argument is an lvalue;
     go figure.  */
  lstatus = scm_to_int (status);
  if (WIFEXITED (lstatus))
    return (scm_from_int (WEXITSTATUS (lstatus)));
  else
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* WIFEXITED */

#ifdef WIFSIGNALED
SCM_DEFINE (scm_status_term_sig, "status:term-sig", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM status),
	    "Return the signal number which terminated the process, if any,\n"
	    "otherwise @code{#f}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_status_term_sig
{
  int lstatus;

  lstatus = scm_to_int (status);
  if (WIFSIGNALED (lstatus))
    return scm_from_int (WTERMSIG (lstatus));
  else
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* WIFSIGNALED */

#ifdef WIFSTOPPED
SCM_DEFINE (scm_status_stop_sig, "status:stop-sig", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM status),
	    "Return the signal number which stopped the process, if any,\n"
	    "otherwise @code{#f}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_status_stop_sig
{
  int lstatus;

  lstatus = scm_to_int (status);
  if (WIFSTOPPED (lstatus))
    return scm_from_int (WSTOPSIG (lstatus));
  else
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* WIFSTOPPED */

#ifdef HAVE_GETPPID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getppid, "getppid", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return an integer representing the process ID of the parent\n"
	    "process.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getppid
{
  return scm_from_int (getppid ());
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETPPID */

#ifdef HAVE_GETUID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getuid, "getuid", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return an integer representing the current real user ID.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getuid
{
  return scm_from_int (getuid ());
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETUID */

#ifdef HAVE_GETGID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getgid, "getgid", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return an integer representing the current real group ID.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getgid
{
  return scm_from_int (getgid ());
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETGID */

#ifdef HAVE_GETUID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_geteuid, "geteuid", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return an integer representing the current effective user ID.\n"
	    "If the system does not support effective IDs, then the real ID\n"
	    "is returned.  @code{(provided? 'EIDs)} reports whether the\n"
	    "system supports effective IDs.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_geteuid
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETEUID
  return scm_from_int (geteuid ());
#else
  return scm_from_int (getuid ());
#endif
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETUID */

#ifdef HAVE_GETGID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getegid, "getegid", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return an integer representing the current effective group ID.\n"
	    "If the system does not support effective IDs, then the real ID\n"
	    "is returned.  @code{(provided? 'EIDs)} reports whether the\n"
	    "system supports effective IDs.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getegid
{
#ifdef HAVE_GETEUID
  return scm_from_int (getegid ());
#else
  return scm_from_int (getgid ());
#endif
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETGID */

#ifdef HAVE_SETUID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_setuid, "setuid", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM id),
	    "Sets both the real and effective user IDs to the integer @var{id}, provided\n"
	    "the process has appropriate privileges.\n"
	    "The return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setuid
{
  if (setuid (scm_to_int (id)) != 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SETUID */

#ifdef HAVE_SETGID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_setgid, "setgid", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM id),
	    "Sets both the real and effective group IDs to the integer @var{id}, provided\n"
	    "the process has appropriate privileges.\n"
	    "The return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setgid
{
  if (setgid (scm_to_int (id)) != 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SETGID */

#ifdef HAVE_SETUID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_seteuid, "seteuid", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM id),
	    "Sets the effective user ID to the integer @var{id}, provided the process\n"
	    "has appropriate privileges.  If effective IDs are not supported, the\n"
	    "real ID is set instead -- @code{(provided? 'EIDs)} reports whether the\n"
	    "system supports effective IDs.\n"
	    "The return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_seteuid
{
  int rv;

#ifdef HAVE_SETEUID
  rv = seteuid (scm_to_int (id));
#else
  rv = setuid (scm_to_int (id));
#endif
  if (rv != 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SETUID */

#ifdef HAVE_SETGID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_setegid, "setegid", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM id),
	    "Sets the effective group ID to the integer @var{id}, provided the process\n"
	    "has appropriate privileges.  If effective IDs are not supported, the\n"
	    "real ID is set instead -- @code{(provided? 'EIDs)} reports whether the\n"
	    "system supports effective IDs.\n"
	    "The return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setegid
{
  int rv;

#ifdef HAVE_SETEGID
  rv = setegid (scm_to_int (id));
#else
  rv = setgid (scm_to_int (id));
#endif
  if (rv != 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
    
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SETGID */

#ifdef HAVE_GETPGRP
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getpgrp, "getpgrp", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return an integer representing the current process group ID.\n"
	    "This is the POSIX definition, not BSD.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getpgrp
{
  int (*fn)();
  fn = (int (*) ()) getpgrp;
  return scm_from_int (fn (0));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETPGRP */

#ifdef HAVE_SETPGID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_setpgid, "setpgid", 2, 0, 0, 
            (SCM pid, SCM pgid),
	    "Move the process @var{pid} into the process group @var{pgid}.  @var{pid} or\n"
	    "@var{pgid} must be integers: they can be zero to indicate the ID of the\n"
	    "current process.\n"
	    "Fails on systems that do not support job control.\n"
	    "The return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setpgid
{
  /* FIXME(?): may be known as setpgrp.  */
  if (setpgid (scm_to_int (pid), scm_to_int (pgid)) != 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SETPGID */

#ifdef HAVE_SETSID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_setsid, "setsid", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Creates a new session.  The current process becomes the session leader\n"
	    "and is put in a new process group.  The process will be detached\n"
	    "from its controlling terminal if it has one.\n"
	    "The return value is an integer representing the new process group ID.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setsid
{
  pid_t sid = setsid ();
  if (sid == -1)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SETSID */

#ifdef HAVE_GETSID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getsid, "getsid", 1, 0, 0,
            (SCM pid),
	    "Returns the session ID of process @var{pid}.  (The session\n"
	    "ID of a process is the process group ID of its session leader.)")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getsid
{
  return scm_from_int (getsid (scm_to_int (pid)));
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETSID */


/* ttyname returns its result in a single static buffer, hence
   scm_i_misc_mutex for thread safety.  In glibc 2.3.2 two threads
   continuously calling ttyname will otherwise get an overwrite quite
   easily.

   ttyname_r (when available) could be used instead of scm_i_misc_mutex, but
   there's probably little to be gained in either speed or parallelism.  */

#ifdef HAVE_TTYNAME
SCM_DEFINE (scm_ttyname, "ttyname", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM port),
	    "Return a string with the name of the serial terminal device\n"
	    "underlying @var{port}.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_ttyname
{
  char *result;
  int fd, err;
  SCM ret = SCM_BOOL_F;

  port = SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (port);
  SCM_VALIDATE_OPPORT (1, port);
  if (!SCM_FPORTP (port))
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  fd = SCM_FPORT_FDES (port);

  scm_i_scm_pthread_mutex_lock (&scm_i_misc_mutex);

  SCM_SYSCALL (result = ttyname (fd));
  err = errno;
  if (result != NULL)
    result = strdup (result);

  scm_i_pthread_mutex_unlock (&scm_i_misc_mutex);

  if (!result)
    {
      errno = err;
      SCM_SYSERROR;
    }
  else
    ret = scm_take_locale_string (result);

  return ret;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_TTYNAME */


/* For thread safety "buf" is used instead of NULL for the ctermid static
   buffer.  Actually it's unlikely the controlling terminal will change
   during program execution, and indeed on glibc (2.3.2) it's always just
   "/dev/tty", but L_ctermid on the stack is easy and fast and guarantees
   safety everywhere.  */
#ifdef HAVE_CTERMID
SCM_DEFINE (scm_ctermid, "ctermid", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return a string containing the file name of the controlling\n"
	    "terminal for the current process.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_ctermid
{
  char buf[L_ctermid];
  char *result = ctermid (buf);
  if (*result == '\0')
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return scm_from_locale_string (result);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_CTERMID */

#ifdef HAVE_TCGETPGRP
SCM_DEFINE (scm_tcgetpgrp, "tcgetpgrp", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM port),
	    "Return the process group ID of the foreground process group\n"
	    "associated with the terminal open on the file descriptor\n"
	    "underlying @var{port}.\n"
	    "\n"
	    "If there is no foreground process group, the return value is a\n"
	    "number greater than 1 that does not match the process group ID\n"
	    "of any existing process group.  This can happen if all of the\n"
	    "processes in the job that was formerly the foreground job have\n"
	    "terminated, and no other job has yet been moved into the\n"
	    "foreground.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_tcgetpgrp
{
  int fd;
  pid_t pgid;

  port = SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (port);

  SCM_VALIDATE_OPFPORT (1, port);
  fd = SCM_FPORT_FDES (port);
  if ((pgid = tcgetpgrp (fd)) == -1)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return scm_from_int (pgid);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME    
#endif /* HAVE_TCGETPGRP */

#ifdef HAVE_TCSETPGRP
SCM_DEFINE (scm_tcsetpgrp, "tcsetpgrp", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM port, SCM pgid),
	    "Set the foreground process group ID for the terminal used by the file\n"
	    "descriptor underlying @var{port} to the integer @var{pgid}.\n"
	    "The calling process\n"
	    "must be a member of the same session as @var{pgid} and must have the same\n"
	    "controlling terminal.  The return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_tcsetpgrp
{
  int fd;

  port = SCM_COERCE_OUTPORT (port);

  SCM_VALIDATE_OPFPORT (1, port);
  fd = SCM_FPORT_FDES (port);
  if (tcsetpgrp (fd, scm_to_int (pgid)) == -1)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_TCSETPGRP */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_execl, "execl", 1, 0, 1, 
            (SCM filename, SCM args),
	    "Executes the file named by @var{filename} as a new process image.\n"
	    "The remaining arguments are supplied to the process; from a C program\n"
	    "they are accessible as the @code{argv} argument to @code{main}.\n"
	    "Conventionally the first @var{arg} is the same as @var{filename}.\n"
	    "All arguments must be strings.\n\n"
	    "If @var{arg} is missing, @var{path} is executed with a null\n"
	    "argument list, which may have system-dependent side-effects.\n\n"
	    "This procedure is currently implemented using the @code{execv} system\n"
	    "call, but we call it @code{execl} because of its Scheme calling interface.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_execl
{
  char *exec_file;
  char **exec_argv;

  scm_dynwind_begin (0);

  exec_file = scm_to_locale_string (filename);
  scm_dynwind_free (exec_file);

  exec_argv = scm_i_allocate_string_pointers (args);

  execv (exec_file, exec_argv);
  SCM_SYSERROR;

  /* not reached.  */
  scm_dynwind_end ();
  return SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_execlp, "execlp", 1, 0, 1, 
            (SCM filename, SCM args),
	    "Similar to @code{execl}, however if\n"
	    "@var{filename} does not contain a slash\n"
	    "then the file to execute will be located by searching the\n"
	    "directories listed in the @code{PATH} environment variable.\n\n"
	    "This procedure is currently implemented using the @code{execvp} system\n"
	    "call, but we call it @code{execlp} because of its Scheme calling interface.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_execlp
{
  char *exec_file;
  char **exec_argv;

  scm_dynwind_begin (0);

  exec_file = scm_to_locale_string (filename);
  scm_dynwind_free (exec_file);

  exec_argv = scm_i_allocate_string_pointers (args);

  execvp (exec_file, exec_argv);
  SCM_SYSERROR;

  /* not reached.  */
  scm_dynwind_end ();
  return SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME


/* OPTIMIZE-ME: scm_execle doesn't need malloced copies of the environment
   list strings the way environ_list_to_c gives.  */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_execle, "execle", 2, 0, 1, 
            (SCM filename, SCM env, SCM args),
	    "Similar to @code{execl}, but the environment of the new process is\n"
	    "specified by @var{env}, which must be a list of strings as returned by the\n"
	    "@code{environ} procedure.\n\n"
	    "This procedure is currently implemented using the @code{execve} system\n"
	    "call, but we call it @code{execle} because of its Scheme calling interface.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_execle
{
  char **exec_argv;
  char **exec_env;
  char *exec_file;

  scm_dynwind_begin (0);

  exec_file = scm_to_locale_string (filename);
  scm_dynwind_free (exec_file);

  exec_argv = scm_i_allocate_string_pointers (args);
  exec_env = scm_i_allocate_string_pointers (env);

  execve (exec_file, exec_argv, exec_env);
  SCM_SYSERROR;

  /* not reached.  */
  scm_dynwind_end ();
  return SCM_BOOL_F;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#ifdef HAVE_FORK

/* Create a process and perform post-fork cleanups in the child.  */
static void *
do_fork (void *ret)
{
  pid_t pid = fork ();

  if (pid == 0)
    {
      /* The child process must not share its sleep pipe with the
         parent.  Close it and create a new one.  */
      int err;
      scm_thread *t = SCM_I_CURRENT_THREAD;

      close (t->sleep_pipe[0]);
      close (t->sleep_pipe[1]);
      err = pipe2 (t->sleep_pipe, O_CLOEXEC);
      if (err != 0)
        abort ();
    }

  * (pid_t *) ret = pid;
  return NULL;
}

SCM_DEFINE (scm_fork, "primitive-fork", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Creates a new \"child\" process by duplicating the current \"parent\" process.\n"
	    "In the child the return value is 0.  In the parent the return value is\n"
	    "the integer process ID of the child.\n\n"
	    "This procedure has been renamed from @code{fork} to avoid a naming conflict\n"
	    "with the scsh fork.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_fork
{
  int pid;

  scm_i_finalizer_pre_fork ();
  scm_i_signals_pre_fork ();

  if (scm_ilength (scm_all_threads ()) != 1)
    /* Other threads may be holding on to resources that Guile needs --
       it is not safe to permit one thread to fork while others are
       running.

       In addition, POSIX clearly specifies that if a multi-threaded
       program forks, the child must only call functions that are
       async-signal-safe.  We can't guarantee that in general.  The best
       we can do is to allow forking only very early, before any call to
       sigaction spawns the signal-handling thread.  */
    scm_display
      (scm_from_latin1_string
       ("warning: call to primitive-fork while multiple threads are running;\n"
        "         further behavior unspecified.  See \"Processes\" in the\n"
        "         manual, for more information.\n"),
       scm_current_warning_port ());

  scm_without_guile (do_fork, &pid);

  if (pid == -1)
    SCM_SYSERROR;

  scm_i_signals_post_fork ();

  return scm_from_int (pid);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_FORK */

#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_SPAWN_FILE_ACTIONS_ADDCLOSEFROM_NP
# define HAVE_ADDCLOSEFROM 1
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_ADDCLOSEFROM

static void
close_inherited_fds (posix_spawn_file_actions_t *actions, int max_fd)
{
  while (--max_fd > 2)
    {
      /* Adding a 'close' action for a file descriptor that is not open
         causes 'posix_spawn' to fail on GNU/Hurd and on OpenBSD, but
         not on GNU/Linux: <https://bugs.gnu.org/61095>.  Hence this
         strategy:

           - On GNU/Linux, close every FD, since that's the only
             race-free way to make sure the child doesn't inherit one.
           - On other systems, only close FDs currently open in the
             parent; it works, but it's racy (XXX).

         The only reliable option is 'addclosefrom'.  */
#if ! (defined __GLIBC__ && defined __linux__)
      int flags = fcntl (max_fd, F_GETFD, NULL);
      if (flags >= 0)
#endif
        posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose (actions, max_fd);
    }
}

#endif

static pid_t
do_spawn (char *exec_file, char **exec_argv, char **exec_env,
          int in, int out, int err, int spawnp)
{
  pid_t pid = -1;

  posix_spawn_file_actions_t actions;
  posix_spawnattr_t *attrp = NULL;

  int max_fd = 1024;

#if defined (HAVE_GETRLIMIT) && defined (RLIMIT_NOFILE)
  {
    struct rlimit lim = { 0, 0 };
    if (getrlimit (RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim) == 0)
      max_fd = lim.rlim_cur;
  }
#endif

  posix_spawn_file_actions_init (&actions);

  int free_fd_slots = 0;
  int fd_slot[3];

  for (int fdnum = 3; free_fd_slots < 3 && fdnum < max_fd; fdnum++)
    {
      if (fdnum != in && fdnum != out && fdnum != err)
        {
          fd_slot[free_fd_slots] = fdnum;
          free_fd_slots++;
        }
    }

  /* Move the fds out of the way, so that duplicate fds or fds equal
     to 0, 1, 2 don't trample each other */

  int dup2_action_from[] = {in, out, err,
                            fd_slot[0], fd_slot[1], fd_slot[2]};
  int dup2_action_to  [] = {fd_slot[0], fd_slot[1], fd_slot[2],
                            0, 1, 2};

  errno = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < sizeof (dup2_action_from) / sizeof (int); i++)
    {
      errno = posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 (&actions, dup2_action_from[i],
                                                dup2_action_to[i]);
      if (errno != 0)
        return -1;
    }

#ifdef HAVE_ADDCLOSEFROM
  /* This function appears in glibc 2.34.  It's both free from race
     conditions and more efficient than the alternative.  */
  posix_spawn_file_actions_addclosefrom_np (&actions, 3);
#else
  close_inherited_fds (&actions, max_fd);
#endif

  int res = -1;
  if (spawnp)
    res = posix_spawnp (&pid, exec_file, &actions, attrp,
                        exec_argv, exec_env);
  else
    res = posix_spawn (&pid, exec_file, &actions, attrp,
                       exec_argv, exec_env);
  if (res != 0)
    return -1;

  return pid;
}

SCM_KEYWORD (kw_environment, "environment");
SCM_KEYWORD (kw_input, "input");
SCM_KEYWORD (kw_output, "output");
SCM_KEYWORD (kw_error, "error");
SCM_KEYWORD (kw_search_path, "search-path?");

SCM_DEFINE (scm_spawn_process, "spawn", 2, 0, 1,
            (SCM program, SCM arguments, SCM keyword_args),
            "Spawn a new child process executing @var{program} with the\n"
            "given @var{arguments}, a list of one or more strings (by\n"
            "convention, the first argument is typically @var{program}),\n"
            "and return its PID.  Raise a @code{system-error} exception if\n"
            "@var{program} could not be found or could not be executed.\n\n"
            "If the keyword argument @code{#:search-path?} is true, it\n"
            "selects whether the @env{PATH} environment variable should be\n"
            "inspected to find @var{program}.  It is true by default.\n\n"
            "The @code{#:environment} keyword parameter specifies the\n"
            "list of environment variables of the child process.  It\n"
            "defaults to @code{(environ)}.\n\n"
            "The keyword arguments @code{#:input}, @code{#:output}, and\n"
            "@code{#:error} specify the port or file descriptor for the\n"
            "child process to use as standard input, standard output, and\n"
            "standard error.  No other file descriptors are inherited\n"
            "from the parent process.\n")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_spawn_process
{
  SCM env, in_scm, out_scm, err_scm, use_path;
  int pid = -1;
  char *exec_file, **exec_argv, **exec_env;
  int in, out, err;

  /* In theory 'exec' accepts zero arguments, but programs are typically
     not prepared for that and POSIX says: "The value in argv[0] should
     point to a filename string that is associated with the process
     image being started" (see
     <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/posix_spawn.html>). */
  SCM_VALIDATE_NONEMPTYLIST (2, arguments);

  env = SCM_UNDEFINED;
  in_scm = SCM_UNDEFINED;
  out_scm = SCM_UNDEFINED;
  err_scm = SCM_UNDEFINED;
  use_path = SCM_BOOL_T;

  scm_c_bind_keyword_arguments (FUNC_NAME, keyword_args, 0,
                                kw_environment, &env,
                                kw_input, &in_scm,
                                kw_output, &out_scm,
                                kw_error, &err_scm,
                                kw_search_path, &use_path,
                                SCM_UNDEFINED);

  scm_dynwind_begin (0);

  exec_file = scm_to_locale_string (program);
  scm_dynwind_free (exec_file);

  exec_argv = scm_i_allocate_string_pointers (arguments);

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (env))
    exec_env = environ;
  else
    exec_env = scm_i_allocate_string_pointers (env);

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (in_scm))
    in_scm = scm_current_input_port ();
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (out_scm))
    out_scm = scm_current_output_port ();
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (err_scm))
    err_scm = scm_current_error_port ();

#define FDES_FROM_PORT_OR_INTEGER(fd, obj, pos) \
  {                                             \
    if (scm_is_integer (obj))                   \
      fd = scm_to_int (obj);                    \
    else                                        \
      {                                         \
        SCM_VALIDATE_OPFPORT (pos, obj);        \
        fd = SCM_FPORT_FDES (obj);              \
      }                                         \
  }

  FDES_FROM_PORT_OR_INTEGER (in, in_scm, 3);
  FDES_FROM_PORT_OR_INTEGER (out, out_scm, 4);
  FDES_FROM_PORT_OR_INTEGER (err, err_scm, 5);

#undef FDES_FROM_PORT_OR_INTEGER

  pid = do_spawn (exec_file, exec_argv, exec_env,
                  in, out, err, scm_to_bool (use_path));
  if (pid == -1)
    SCM_SYSERROR;

  scm_dynwind_end ();

  return scm_from_int (pid);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#ifdef HAVE_FORK
static int
piped_process (pid_t *pid, SCM prog, SCM args, SCM from, SCM to)
#define FUNC_NAME "piped-process"
{
  int reading, writing;
  int c2p[2]; /* Child to parent.  */
  int p2c[2]; /* Parent to child.  */
  int in = -1, out = -1, err = -1;
  char *exec_file;
  char **exec_argv;
  char **exec_env = environ;

  exec_file = scm_to_locale_string (prog);
  exec_argv = scm_i_allocate_string_pointers (scm_cons (prog, args));

  reading = scm_is_pair (from);
  writing = scm_is_pair (to);

  if (reading)
    {
      c2p[0] = scm_to_int (scm_car (from));
      c2p[1] = scm_to_int (scm_cdr (from));
      out = c2p[1];
    }

  if (writing)
    {
      p2c[0] = scm_to_int (scm_car (to));
      p2c[1] = scm_to_int (scm_cdr (to));
      in = p2c[0];
    }

  {
    SCM port;

    if (SCM_OPOUTFPORTP ((port = scm_current_error_port ())))
      err = SCM_FPORT_FDES (port);
    else
      err = open ("/dev/null", O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
    if (out == -1)
      {
        if (SCM_OPOUTFPORTP ((port = scm_current_output_port ())))
          out = SCM_FPORT_FDES (port);
        else
          out = open ("/dev/null", O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
      }
    if (in == -1)
      {
        if (SCM_OPINFPORTP ((port = scm_current_input_port ())))
          in = SCM_FPORT_FDES (port);
        else
          in = open ("/dev/null", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
      }
  }

  *pid = do_spawn (exec_file, exec_argv, exec_env, in, out, err, 1);
  int errno_save = (*pid < 0) ? errno : 0;

  if (reading)
    close (c2p[1]);
  if (writing)
    close (p2c[0]);

  if (*pid == -1)
    switch (errno_save)
      {
        /* Errors that seemingly come from fork.  */
      case EAGAIN:
      case ENOMEM:
      case ENOSYS:
        errno = err;
        free (exec_file);
        SCM_SYSERROR;
        break;

      default:    /* ENOENT, etc. */
        /* Report the error on the console (before switching to
           'posix_spawn', the child process would do exactly that.)  */
        dprintf (err, "In execvp of %s: %s\n", exec_file,
                 strerror (errno_save));
      }

  free (exec_file);

  return errno_save;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

static SCM
scm_piped_process (SCM prog, SCM args, SCM from, SCM to)
#define FUNC_NAME "piped-process"
{
  pid_t pid;

  (void) piped_process (&pid, prog, args, from, to);
  if (pid == -1)
    {
      /* Create a dummy process that exits with value 127 to mimic the
         previous fork + exec implementation.  TODO: This is a
         compatibility shim to remove in the next stable series.  */
      pid = fork ();
      if (pid == -1)
        SCM_SYSERROR;
      if (pid == 0)
        _exit (127);
    }

  return scm_from_int (pid);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_system_star, "system*", 0, 0, 1,
           (SCM args),
"Execute the command indicated by @var{args}.  The first element must\n"
"be a string indicating the command to be executed, and the remaining\n"
"items must be strings representing each of the arguments to that\n"
"command.\n"
"\n"
"This function returns the exit status of the command as provided by\n"
"@code{waitpid}.  This value can be handled with @code{status:exit-val}\n"
"and the related functions.\n"
"\n"
"@code{system*} is similar to @code{system}, but accepts only one\n"
"string per-argument, and performs no shell interpretation.  The\n"
"command is executed using fork and execlp.  Accordingly this function\n"
"may be safer than @code{system} in situations where shell\n"
"interpretation is not required.\n"
"\n"
"Example: (system* \"echo\" \"foo\" \"bar\")")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_system_star
{
  SCM prog;
  pid_t pid;
  int err, status, wait_result;

  if (scm_is_null (args))
    SCM_WRONG_NUM_ARGS ();
  prog = scm_car (args);
  args = scm_cdr (args);

  /* Note: under the hood 'posix_spawn' takes care of blocking signals
     around the call to fork and resetting handlers in the child.  */
  err = piped_process (&pid, prog, args,
                       SCM_UNDEFINED, SCM_UNDEFINED);
  if (err != 0)
    /* ERR might be ENOENT or similar.  For backward compatibility with
       the previous implementation based on fork + exec, pretend the
       child process exited with code 127.  TODO: Remove this
       compatibility shim in the next stable series.  */
    status = W_EXITCODE (127, 0);
  else
    {
      SCM_SYSCALL (wait_result = waitpid (pid, &status, 0));
      if (wait_result == -1)
        SCM_SYSERROR;
    }

  return scm_from_int (status);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_FORK */

#ifdef HAVE_UNAME
SCM_DEFINE (scm_uname, "uname", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return an object with some information about the computer\n"
	    "system the program is running on.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_uname
{
  struct utsname buf;
  SCM result = scm_c_make_vector (5, SCM_UNSPECIFIED);
  if (uname (&buf) < 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 0, scm_from_locale_string (buf.sysname));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 1, scm_from_locale_string (buf.nodename));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 2, scm_from_locale_string (buf.release));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 3, scm_from_locale_string (buf.version));
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 4, scm_from_locale_string (buf.machine));
/* 
   a linux special?
  SCM_SIMPLE_VECTOR_SET(result, 5, scm_from_locale_string (buf.domainname));
*/
  return result;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_UNAME */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_environ, "environ", 0, 1, 0, 
            (SCM env),
	    "If @var{env} is omitted, return the current environment (in the\n"
	    "Unix sense) as a list of strings.  Otherwise set the current\n"
	    "environment, which is also the default environment for child\n"
	    "processes, to the supplied list of strings.  Each member of\n"
	    "@var{env} should be of the form @code{NAME=VALUE} and values of\n"
	    "@code{NAME} should not be duplicated.  If @var{env} is supplied\n"
	    "then the return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_environ
{
  /* Accessing `environ' directly in a multi-threaded program is
     undefined behavior since at anytime it could point to anything else
     while reading it.  Not only that, but all accesses are protected by
     an internal mutex of libc.  Thus, it is only truly safe to modify
     the environment directly in a single-threaded program.  */
  if (scm_ilength (scm_all_threads ()) != 1)
    scm_display
      (scm_from_latin1_string
       ("warning: call to environ while multiple threads are running;\n"
        "         further behavior unspecified.\n"),
       scm_current_warning_port ());

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (env))
    return scm_makfromstrs (-1, environ);
  else
    {
      /* Arrange to not use GC-allocated storage for what goes into
         'environ' as libc might reallocate it behind our back.  */
#if HAVE_CLEARENV
      clearenv ();
#else
      environ = NULL;
#endif
      while (!scm_is_null (env))
        {
          scm_putenv (scm_car (env));
          env = scm_cdr (env);
        }
      return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
    }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#if (SCM_ENABLE_DEPRECATED == 1)
#ifdef ENABLE_TMPNAM
#ifdef L_tmpnam

SCM_DEFINE (scm_tmpnam, "tmpnam", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return a name in the file system that does not match any\n"
	    "existing file.  However there is no guarantee that another\n"
	    "process will not create the file after @code{tmpnam} is called.\n"
	    "Care should be taken if opening the file, e.g., use the\n"
	    "@code{O_EXCL} open flag or use @code{mkstemp} instead.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_tmpnam
{
  char name[L_tmpnam];
  char *rv;

  scm_c_issue_deprecation_warning
      ("Use of tmpnam is deprecated.  Use mkstemp instead.");

  SCM_SYSCALL (rv = tmpnam (name));
  if (rv == NULL)
    /* not SCM_SYSERROR since errno probably not set.  */
    SCM_MISC_ERROR ("tmpnam failed", SCM_EOL);
  return scm_from_locale_string (name);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#endif
#endif
#endif

SCM_DEFINE (scm_tmpfile, "tmpfile", 0, 0, 0,
            (void),
            "Return an input/output port to a unique temporary file\n"
            "named using the path prefix @code{P_tmpdir} defined in\n"
            "@file{stdio.h}.\n"
            "The file is automatically deleted when the port is closed\n"
            "or the program terminates.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_tmpfile
{
  FILE *rv;
  int fd;

  if (! (rv = tmpfile ()))
    SCM_SYSERROR;

#ifndef __MINGW32__
  fd = dup (fileno (rv));
  fclose (rv);
#else
  fd = fileno (rv);
  /* FIXME: leaking the file, it will never be closed! */
#endif

  return scm_fdes_to_port (fd, "w+", SCM_BOOL_F);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_utime, "utime", 1, 5, 0,
            (SCM object, SCM actime, SCM modtime, SCM actimens, SCM modtimens,
             SCM flags),
	    "@code{utime} sets the access and modification times for the\n"
	    "file named by @var{object}.  If @var{actime} or @var{modtime} is\n"
	    "not supplied, then the current time is used.  @var{actime} and\n"
	    "@var{modtime} must be integer time values as returned by the\n"
	    "@code{current-time} procedure.\n\n"
            "@var{object} must be a file name or a port (if supported by the system).\n\n"
            "The optional @var{actimens} and @var{modtimens} are nanoseconds\n"
            "to add @var{actime} and @var{modtime}. Nanosecond precision is\n"
            "only supported on some combinations of file systems and operating\n"
            "systems.\n"
	    "@lisp\n"
	    "(utime \"foo\" (- (current-time) 3600))\n"
	    "@end lisp\n"
	    "will set the access time to one hour in the past and the\n"
	    "modification time to the current time.\n\n"
            "Last, @var{flags} may be either @code{0} or the\n"
            "@code{AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW} constant, to set the time of\n"
            "@var{pathname} even if it is a symbolic link.\n\n"
            "On GNU/Linux systems, at least when using the Linux kernel\n"
            "5.10.46, if @var{object} is a port, it may not be a symbolic\n"
            "link, even if @code{AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW} is set.  This is either\n"
            "a bug in Linux or Guile's wrappers.  The exact cause is unclear.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_utime
{
  int rv;
  time_t atim_sec, mtim_sec;
  long atim_nsec, mtim_nsec;
  int f;
  
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (actime))
    {
#ifdef HAVE_UTIMENSAT
      atim_sec = 0;
      atim_nsec = UTIME_NOW;
#else
      SCM_SYSCALL (time (&atim_sec));
      atim_nsec = 0;
#endif
    }
  else
    {
      atim_sec = SCM_NUM2ULONG (2, actime);
      if (SCM_UNBNDP (actimens))
        atim_nsec = 0;
      else
        atim_nsec = SCM_NUM2LONG (4, actimens);
    }
  
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (modtime))
    {
#ifdef HAVE_UTIMENSAT
      mtim_sec = 0;
      mtim_nsec = UTIME_NOW;
#else
      SCM_SYSCALL (time (&mtim_sec));
      mtim_nsec = 0;
#endif
    }
  else
    {
      mtim_sec = SCM_NUM2ULONG (3, modtime);
      if (SCM_UNBNDP (modtimens))
        mtim_nsec = 0;
      else
        mtim_nsec = SCM_NUM2LONG (5, modtimens);
    }
  
  if (SCM_UNBNDP (flags))
    f = 0;
  else
    f = SCM_NUM2INT (6, flags);

#ifdef HAVE_UTIMENSAT
  {
    struct timespec times[2];
    times[0].tv_sec = atim_sec;
    times[0].tv_nsec = atim_nsec;
    times[1].tv_sec = mtim_sec;
    times[1].tv_nsec = mtim_nsec;

    if (SCM_OPFPORTP (object))
      {
        int fd;
        fd = SCM_FPORT_FDES (object);
        SCM_SYSCALL (rv = futimens (fd, times));
        scm_remember_upto_here_1 (object);
      }
    else
      {
        STRING_SYSCALL (object, c_pathname,
                        rv = utimensat (AT_FDCWD, c_pathname, times, f));
      }
  }
#else
  {
    struct utimbuf utm;
    utm.actime = atim_sec;
    utm.modtime = mtim_sec;
    /* Silence warnings.  */
    (void) atim_nsec;
    (void) mtim_nsec;

    if (f != 0)
      scm_out_of_range(FUNC_NAME, flags);

    STRING_SYSCALL (object, c_pathname,
                    rv = utime (c_pathname, &utm));
  }
#endif

  if (rv != 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_getpid, "getpid", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Return an integer representing the current process ID.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getpid
{
  return scm_from_ulong (getpid ());
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

SCM_DEFINE (scm_putenv, "putenv", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM str),
	    "Modifies the environment of the current process, which is also\n"
	    "the default environment inherited by child processes.  If\n"
	    "@var{str} is of the form @code{NAME=VALUE} then it will be\n"
	    "written directly into the environment, replacing any existing\n"
	    "environment string with name matching @code{NAME}.  If\n"
	    "@var{str} does not contain an equal sign, then any existing\n"
	    "string with name matching @var{str} will be removed.\n"
	    "\n"
	    "The return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_putenv
{
  int rv;
  char *c_str = scm_to_locale_string (str);

  /* Leave C_STR in the environment.  */

  /* Gnulib's `putenv' module honors the semantics described above.  */
  rv = putenv (c_str);
  if (rv < 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;

  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

/* This mutex is used to serialize invocations of `setlocale ()' on non-GNU
   systems (i.e., systems where a reentrant locale API is not available).  It
   is also acquired before calls to `nl_langinfo ()'.  See `i18n.c' for
   details.  */
scm_i_pthread_mutex_t scm_i_locale_mutex = SCM_I_PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

SCM_DEFINE (scm_setlocale, "setlocale", 1, 1, 0,
            (SCM category, SCM locale),
	    "If @var{locale} is omitted, return the current value of the\n"
	    "specified locale category as a system-dependent string.\n"
	    "@var{category} should be specified using the values\n"
	    "@code{LC_COLLATE}, @code{LC_ALL} etc.\n"
	    "\n"
	    "Otherwise the specified locale category is set to the string\n"
	    "@var{locale} and the new value is returned as a\n"
	    "system-dependent string.  If @var{locale} is an empty string,\n"
	    "the locale will be set using environment variables.\n"
	    "\n"
	    "When the locale is changed, the character encoding of the new\n"
	    "locale (UTF-8, ISO-8859-1, etc.) is used for the current\n"
	    "input, output, and error ports\n")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setlocale
{
  int c_category;
  char *clocale;
  char *rv;
  const char *enc;

  scm_dynwind_begin (0);

  if (SCM_UNBNDP (locale))
    {
      clocale = NULL;
    }
  else
    {
      clocale = scm_to_locale_string (locale);
      scm_dynwind_free (clocale);
    }

  c_category = scm_i_to_lc_category (category, 1);

  scm_i_pthread_mutex_lock (&scm_i_locale_mutex);
  rv = setlocale (c_category, clocale);
  scm_i_pthread_mutex_unlock (&scm_i_locale_mutex);

  if (rv == NULL)
    {
      /* POSIX and C99 don't say anything about setlocale setting errno, so
         force a sensible value here.  glibc leaves ENOENT, which would be
         fine, but it's not a documented feature.  */
      errno = EINVAL;
      SCM_SYSERROR;
    }

  enc = locale_charset ();

  /* Set the default encoding for new ports.  */
  scm_i_set_default_port_encoding (enc);

  /* Set the encoding for the stdio ports.  */
  scm_i_set_port_encoding_x (scm_current_input_port (), enc);
  scm_i_set_port_encoding_x (scm_current_output_port (), enc);
  scm_i_set_port_encoding_x (scm_current_error_port (), enc);

  scm_dynwind_end ();
  return scm_from_locale_string (rv);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#ifdef HAVE_MKNOD
SCM_DEFINE (scm_mknod, "mknod", 4, 0, 0,
            (SCM path, SCM type, SCM perms, SCM dev),
	    "Creates a new special file, such as a file corresponding to a device.\n"
	    "@var{path} specifies the name of the file.  @var{type} should\n"
	    "be one of the following symbols:\n"
	    "regular, directory, symlink, block-special, char-special,\n"
	    "fifo, or socket.  @var{perms} (an integer) specifies the file permissions.\n"
	    "@var{dev} (an integer) specifies which device the special file refers\n"
	    "to.  Its exact interpretation depends on the kind of special file\n"
	    "being created.\n\n"
	    "E.g.,\n"
	    "@lisp\n"
	    "(mknod \"/dev/fd0\" 'block-special #o660 (+ (* 2 256) 2))\n"
	    "@end lisp\n\n"
	    "The return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_mknod
{
  int val;
  const char *p;
  int ctype = 0;

  SCM_VALIDATE_STRING (1, path);
  SCM_VALIDATE_SYMBOL (2, type);

  p = scm_i_symbol_chars (type);
  if (strcmp (p, "regular") == 0)
    ctype = S_IFREG;
  else if (strcmp (p, "directory") == 0)
    ctype = S_IFDIR;
#ifdef S_IFLNK
  /* systems without symlinks probably don't have S_IFLNK defined */
  else if (strcmp (p, "symlink") == 0)
    ctype = S_IFLNK;
#endif
  else if (strcmp (p, "block-special") == 0)
    ctype = S_IFBLK;
  else if (strcmp (p, "char-special") == 0)
    ctype = S_IFCHR;
  else if (strcmp (p, "fifo") == 0)
    ctype = S_IFIFO;
#ifdef S_IFSOCK
  else if (strcmp (p, "socket") == 0)
    ctype = S_IFSOCK;
#endif
  else
    SCM_OUT_OF_RANGE (2, type);

  STRING_SYSCALL (path, c_path,
		  val = mknod (c_path,
			       ctype | scm_to_int (perms),
			       scm_to_int (dev)));
  if (val != 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_MKNOD */

#ifdef HAVE_NICE
SCM_DEFINE (scm_nice, "nice", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM incr),
	    "Increment the priority of the current process by @var{incr}.  A higher\n"
	    "priority value means that the process runs less often.\n"
	    "The return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_nice
{
  /* nice() returns "prio-NZERO" on success or -1 on error, but -1 can arise
     from "prio-NZERO", so an error must be detected from errno changed */
  errno = 0;
  int prio = nice (scm_to_int (incr));
  if (prio == -1 && errno != 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;

  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_NICE */

#ifdef HAVE_SYNC
SCM_DEFINE (scm_sync, "sync", 0, 0, 0,
            (),
	    "Flush the operating system disk buffers.\n"
	    "The return value is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sync
{
  sync();
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SYNC */


/* crypt() returns a pointer to a static buffer, so we use scm_i_misc_mutex
   to avoid another thread overwriting it.  A test program running crypt
   continuously in two threads can be quickly seen tripping this problem.
   crypt() is pretty slow normally, so a mutex shouldn't add much overhead.

   glibc has a thread-safe crypt_r, but (in version 2.3.2) it runs a lot
   slower (about 5x) than plain crypt if you pass an uninitialized data
   block each time.  Presumably there's some one-time setups.  The best way
   to use crypt_r for parallel execution in multiple threads would probably
   be to maintain a little pool of initialized crypt_data structures, take
   one and use it, then return it to the pool.  That pool could be garbage
   collected so it didn't add permanently to memory use if only a few crypt
   calls are made.  But we expect crypt will be used rarely, and even more
   rarely will there be any desire for lots of parallel execution on
   multiple cpus.  So for now we don't bother with anything fancy, just
   ensure it works.  */

#ifdef HAVE_CRYPT
SCM_DEFINE (scm_crypt, "crypt", 2, 0, 0,
            (SCM key, SCM salt),
	    "Encrypt @var{key} using @var{salt} as the salt value to the\n"
	    "crypt(3) library call.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_crypt
{
  int err;
  SCM ret;
  char *c_key, *c_salt, *c_ret;

  scm_dynwind_begin (0);

  c_key = scm_to_locale_string (key);
  scm_dynwind_free (c_key);
  c_salt = scm_to_locale_string (salt);
  scm_dynwind_free (c_salt);

  /* Take the lock because 'crypt' uses a static buffer.  */
  scm_i_dynwind_pthread_mutex_lock (&scm_i_misc_mutex);

  /* The Linux crypt(3) man page says crypt will return NULL and set errno
     on error.  (Eg. ENOSYS if legal restrictions mean it cannot be
     implemented).  */
  c_ret = crypt (c_key, c_salt);

  if (c_ret == NULL)
    {
      /* Note: Do not throw until we've released 'scm_i_misc_mutex'
	 since this would cause a deadlock down the path.  */
      err = errno;
      ret = SCM_BOOL_F;
    }
  else
    {
      err = 0;
      ret = scm_from_locale_string (c_ret);
    }

  scm_dynwind_end ();

  if (scm_is_false (ret))
    {
      errno = err;
      SCM_SYSERROR;
    }

  return ret;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_CRYPT */

#if HAVE_CHROOT
SCM_DEFINE (scm_chroot, "chroot", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM path),
	    "Change the root directory to that specified in @var{path}.\n"
	    "This directory will be used for path names beginning with\n"
	    "@file{/}.  The root directory is inherited by all children\n"
	    "of the current process.  Only the superuser may change the\n"
	    "root directory.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_chroot
{
  int rv;

  WITH_STRING (path, c_path,
	       rv = chroot (c_path));
  if (rv == -1)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_CHROOT */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_getlogin, "getlogin", 0, 0, 0, 
            (void),
	    "Return a string containing the name of the user logged in on\n"
	    "the controlling terminal of the process, or @code{#f} if this\n"
	    "information cannot be obtained.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getlogin
{
  char * p;

  p = getlogin ();
  if (!p || !*p)
    return SCM_BOOL_F;
  return scm_from_locale_string (p);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#if HAVE_GETPRIORITY
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getpriority, "getpriority", 2, 0, 0, 
            (SCM which, SCM who),
	    "Return the scheduling priority of the process, process group\n"
	    "or user, as indicated by @var{which} and @var{who}. @var{which}\n"
	    "is one of the variables @code{PRIO_PROCESS}, @code{PRIO_PGRP}\n"
	    "or @code{PRIO_USER}, and @var{who} is interpreted relative to\n"
	    "@var{which} (a process identifier for @code{PRIO_PROCESS},\n"
	    "process group identifier for @code{PRIO_PGRP}, and a user\n"
	    "identifier for @code{PRIO_USER}.  A zero value of @var{who}\n"
	    "denotes the current process, process group, or user.  Return\n"
	    "the highest priority (lowest numerical value) of any of the\n"
	    "specified processes.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getpriority
{
  int cwhich, cwho, ret;

  cwhich = scm_to_int (which);
  cwho = scm_to_int (who);

  /* We have to clear errno and examine it later, because -1 is a
     legal return value for getpriority().  */
  errno = 0;
  ret = getpriority (cwhich, cwho);
  if (errno != 0)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return scm_from_int (ret);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETPRIORITY */

#if HAVE_SETPRIORITY
SCM_DEFINE (scm_setpriority, "setpriority", 3, 0, 0, 
            (SCM which, SCM who, SCM prio),
	    "Set the scheduling priority of the process, process group\n"
	    "or user, as indicated by @var{which} and @var{who}. @var{which}\n"
	    "is one of the variables @code{PRIO_PROCESS}, @code{PRIO_PGRP}\n"
	    "or @code{PRIO_USER}, and @var{who} is interpreted relative to\n"
	    "@var{which} (a process identifier for @code{PRIO_PROCESS},\n"
	    "process group identifier for @code{PRIO_PGRP}, and a user\n"
	    "identifier for @code{PRIO_USER}.  A zero value of @var{who}\n"
	    "denotes the current process, process group, or user.\n"
	    "@var{prio} is a value in the range -20 and 20, the default\n"
	    "priority is 0; lower priorities cause more favorable\n"
	    "scheduling.  Sets the priority of all of the specified\n"
	    "processes.  Only the super-user may lower priorities.\n"
	    "The return value is not specified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setpriority
{
  int cwhich, cwho, cprio;

  cwhich = scm_to_int (which);
  cwho = scm_to_int (who);
  cprio = scm_to_int (prio);

  if (setpriority (cwhich, cwho, cprio) == -1)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SETPRIORITY */

#ifdef HAVE_SCHED_GETAFFINITY
static SCM
cpu_set_to_bitvector (const cpu_set_t *cs)
{
  SCM bv;
  size_t cpu;

  bv = scm_c_make_bitvector (CPU_SETSIZE, SCM_BOOL_F);

  for (cpu = 0; cpu < CPU_SETSIZE; cpu++)
    {
      if (CPU_ISSET (cpu, cs))
	/* XXX: This is inefficient but avoids code duplication.  */
	scm_c_bitvector_set_bit_x (bv, cpu);
    }

  return bv;
}

SCM_DEFINE (scm_getaffinity, "getaffinity", 1, 0, 0,
	    (SCM pid),
	    "Return a bitvector representing the CPU affinity mask for\n"
	    "process @var{pid}.  Each CPU the process has affinity with\n"
	    "has its corresponding bit set in the returned bitvector.\n"
	    "The number of bits set is a good estimate of how many CPUs\n"
	    "Guile can use without stepping on other processes' toes.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getaffinity
{
  int err;
  cpu_set_t cs;

  CPU_ZERO (&cs);
  err = sched_getaffinity (scm_to_int (pid), sizeof (cs), &cs);
  if (err)
    SCM_SYSERROR;

  return cpu_set_to_bitvector (&cs);
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SCHED_GETAFFINITY */

#ifdef HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY
SCM_DEFINE (scm_setaffinity, "setaffinity", 2, 0, 0,
	    (SCM pid, SCM mask),
	    "Install the CPU affinity mask @var{mask}, a bitvector, for\n"
	    "the process or thread with ID @var{pid}.  The return value\n"
	    "is unspecified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_setaffinity
{
  cpu_set_t cs;
  scm_t_array_handle handle;
  const uint32_t *c_mask;
  size_t len, off, cpu;
  ssize_t inc;
  int err;

  c_mask = scm_bitvector_elements (mask, &handle, &off, &len, &inc);

  CPU_ZERO (&cs);
  for (cpu = 0; cpu < len; cpu++)
    {
      size_t idx;

      idx = cpu * inc + off;
      if (c_mask[idx / 32] & (1UL << (idx % 32)))
	CPU_SET (cpu, &cs);
    }

  err = sched_setaffinity (scm_to_int (pid), sizeof (cs), &cs);
  if (err)
    SCM_SYSERROR;

  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SCHED_SETAFFINITY */


#if HAVE_GETPASS
SCM_DEFINE (scm_getpass, "getpass", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM prompt),
	    "Display @var{prompt} to the standard error output and read\n"
	    "a password from @file{/dev/tty}.  If this file is not\n"
	    "accessible, it reads from standard input.  The password may be\n"
	    "up to 127 characters in length.  Additional characters and the\n"
	    "terminating newline character are discarded.  While reading\n"
	    "the password, echoing and the generation of signals by special\n"
	    "characters is disabled.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_getpass
{
  char * p;
  SCM passwd;

  SCM_VALIDATE_STRING (1, prompt);

  WITH_STRING (prompt, c_prompt, 
	       p = getpass(c_prompt));
  passwd = scm_from_locale_string (p);

  /* Clear out the password in the static buffer.  */
  memset (p, 0, strlen (p));

  return passwd;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETPASS */

SCM_DEFINE (scm_flock, "flock", 2, 0, 0, 
            (SCM file, SCM operation),
	    "Apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file.\n"
	    "@var{operation} specifies the action to be done:\n"
	    "\n"
	    "@defvar LOCK_SH\n"
	    "Shared lock.  More than one process may hold a shared lock\n"
	    "for a given file at a given time.\n"
	    "@end defvar\n"
	    "@defvar LOCK_EX\n"
	    "Exclusive lock.  Only one process may hold an exclusive lock\n"
	    "for a given file at a given time.\n"
	    "@end defvar\n"
	    "@defvar LOCK_UN\n"
	    "Unlock the file.\n"
	    "@end defvar\n"
	    "@defvar LOCK_NB\n"
	    "Don't block when locking.  This is combined with one of the\n"
	    "other operations using @code{logior}.  If @code{flock} would\n"
	    "block an @code{EWOULDBLOCK} error is thrown.\n"
	    "@end defvar\n"
	    "\n"
	    "The return value is not specified. @var{file} may be an open\n"
	    "file descriptor or an open file descriptor port.\n"
	    "\n"
	    "Note that @code{flock} does not lock files across NFS.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_flock
{
  int fdes;

  if (scm_is_integer (file))
    fdes = scm_to_int (file);
  else
    {
      SCM_VALIDATE_OPFPORT (2, file);

      fdes = SCM_FPORT_FDES (file);
    }
  if (flock (fdes, scm_to_int (operation)) == -1)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME

#if HAVE_SETHOSTNAME
SCM_DEFINE (scm_sethostname, "sethostname", 1, 0, 0, 
            (SCM name),
	    "Set the host name of the current processor to @var{name}. May\n"
	    "only be used by the superuser.  The return value is not\n"
	    "specified.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_sethostname
{
  int rv;

  WITH_STRING (name, c_name,
	       rv = sethostname (c_name, strlen(c_name)));
  if (rv == -1)
    SCM_SYSERROR;
  return SCM_UNSPECIFIED;
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_SETHOSTNAME */


#if HAVE_GETHOSTNAME
SCM_DEFINE (scm_gethostname, "gethostname", 0, 0, 0, 
            (void),
	    "Return the host name of the current processor.")
#define FUNC_NAME s_scm_gethostname
{
#ifdef MAXHOSTNAMELEN

  /* Various systems define MAXHOSTNAMELEN (including Solaris in fact).
   * On GNU/Linux this doesn't include the terminating '\0', hence "+ 1".  */
  const int len = MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1;
  char *const p = scm_malloc (len);
  const int res = gethostname (p, len);

  scm_dynwind_begin (0);
  scm_dynwind_unwind_handler (free, p, 0);

#else

  /* Default 256 is for Solaris, under Linux ENAMETOOLONG is returned if not
   * large enough.  SUSv2 specifies 255 maximum too, apparently.  */
  int len = 256;
  int res;
  char *p;

#  if HAVE_SYSCONF && defined (_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX)

  /* POSIX specifies the HOST_NAME_MAX system parameter for the max size,
   * which may reflect a particular kernel configuration.
   * Must watch out for this existing but giving -1, as happens for instance
   * in gnu/linux glibc 2.3.2.  */
  {
    const long int n = sysconf (_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX);
    if (n != -1L)
      len = n;
  }

#  endif

  p = scm_malloc (len);

  scm_dynwind_begin (0);
  scm_dynwind_unwind_handler (free, p, 0);

  res = gethostname (p, len);
  while (res == -1 && errno == ENAMETOOLONG)
    {
      len *= 2;

      /* scm_realloc may throw an exception.  */
      p = scm_realloc (p, len);
      res = gethostname (p, len);
    }

#endif

  if (res == -1)
    {
      const int save_errno = errno;

      /* No guile exceptions can occur before we have freed p's memory. */
      scm_dynwind_end ();
      free (p);

      errno = save_errno;
      SCM_SYSERROR;
    }
  else
    {
      /* scm_from_locale_string may throw an exception.  */
      const SCM name = scm_from_locale_string (p);

      /* No guile exceptions can occur before we have freed p's memory. */
      scm_dynwind_end ();
      free (p);

      return name;
    }
}
#undef FUNC_NAME
#endif /* HAVE_GETHOSTNAME */


#ifdef HAVE_FORK
static void
scm_init_popen (void)
{
  scm_c_define_gsubr ("piped-process", 2, 2, 0, scm_piped_process);
}
#endif /* HAVE_FORK */

void
scm_init_posix ()
{
  scm_add_feature ("posix");
#ifdef EXIT_SUCCESS
  scm_c_define ("EXIT_SUCCESS", scm_from_int (EXIT_SUCCESS));
#endif
#ifdef EXIT_FAILURE
  scm_c_define ("EXIT_FAILURE", scm_from_int (EXIT_FAILURE));
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_GETEUID
  scm_add_feature ("EIDs");
#endif
#ifdef WAIT_ANY
  scm_c_define ("WAIT_ANY", scm_from_int (WAIT_ANY));
#endif
#ifdef WAIT_MYPGRP
  scm_c_define ("WAIT_MYPGRP", scm_from_int (WAIT_MYPGRP));
#endif
#ifdef WNOHANG
  scm_c_define ("WNOHANG", scm_from_int (WNOHANG));
#endif
#ifdef WUNTRACED
  scm_c_define ("WUNTRACED", scm_from_int (WUNTRACED));
#endif

#ifdef LC_COLLATE
  scm_c_define ("LC_COLLATE", scm_from_int (LC_COLLATE));
#endif
#ifdef LC_CTYPE
  scm_c_define ("LC_CTYPE", scm_from_int (LC_CTYPE));
#endif
#ifdef LC_MONETARY
  scm_c_define ("LC_MONETARY", scm_from_int (LC_MONETARY));
#endif
#ifdef LC_NUMERIC
  scm_c_define ("LC_NUMERIC", scm_from_int (LC_NUMERIC));
#endif
#ifdef LC_TIME
  scm_c_define ("LC_TIME", scm_from_int (LC_TIME));
#endif
#ifdef LC_MESSAGES
  scm_c_define ("LC_MESSAGES", scm_from_int (LC_MESSAGES));
#endif
#ifdef LC_ALL
  scm_c_define ("LC_ALL", scm_from_int (LC_ALL));
#endif
#ifdef LC_PAPER
  scm_c_define ("LC_PAPER", scm_from_int (LC_PAPER));
#endif
#ifdef LC_NAME
  scm_c_define ("LC_NAME", scm_from_int (LC_NAME));
#endif
#ifdef LC_ADDRESS
  scm_c_define ("LC_ADDRESS", scm_from_int (LC_ADDRESS));
#endif
#ifdef LC_TELEPHONE
  scm_c_define ("LC_TELEPHONE", scm_from_int (LC_TELEPHONE));
#endif
#ifdef LC_MEASUREMENT
  scm_c_define ("LC_MEASUREMENT", scm_from_int (LC_MEASUREMENT));
#endif
#ifdef LC_IDENTIFICATION
  scm_c_define ("LC_IDENTIFICATION", scm_from_int (LC_IDENTIFICATION));
#endif
#ifdef PIPE_BUF
  scm_c_define ("PIPE_BUF", scm_from_long (PIPE_BUF));
#endif

#ifdef PRIO_PROCESS
  scm_c_define ("PRIO_PROCESS", scm_from_int (PRIO_PROCESS));
#endif
#ifdef PRIO_PGRP
  scm_c_define ("PRIO_PGRP", scm_from_int (PRIO_PGRP));
#endif
#ifdef PRIO_USER
  scm_c_define ("PRIO_USER", scm_from_int (PRIO_USER));
#endif

#ifdef LOCK_SH
  scm_c_define ("LOCK_SH", scm_from_int (LOCK_SH));
#endif
#ifdef LOCK_EX
  scm_c_define ("LOCK_EX", scm_from_int (LOCK_EX));
#endif
#ifdef LOCK_UN
  scm_c_define ("LOCK_UN", scm_from_int (LOCK_UN));
#endif
#ifdef LOCK_NB
  scm_c_define ("LOCK_NB", scm_from_int (LOCK_NB));
#endif

#ifdef AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
  scm_c_define ("AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW", scm_from_int (AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW));
#endif
#ifdef AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW
  scm_c_define ("AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW", scm_from_int (AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW));
#endif
#ifdef AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT
  scm_c_define ("AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT", scm_from_int (AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT));
#endif
#ifdef AT_EMPTY_PATH
  scm_c_define ("AT_EMPTY_PATH", scm_from_int (AT_EMPTY_PATH));
#endif
#ifdef AT_REMOVEDIR
  scm_c_define ("AT_REMOVEDIR", scm_from_int (AT_REMOVEDIR));
#endif
#ifdef AT_EACCESS
  scm_c_define ("AT_EACCESS", scm_from_int (AT_EACCESS));
#endif

#include "cpp-SIG.c"
#include "posix.x"

#ifdef HAVE_FORK
  scm_add_feature ("fork");
  scm_add_feature ("popen");
  scm_c_register_extension ("libguile-" SCM_EFFECTIVE_VERSION,
                            "scm_init_popen",
			    (scm_t_extension_init_func) scm_init_popen,
			    NULL);
#endif /* HAVE_FORK */
}