""" Initial Author: Siddharth Kothiyal (sidkothiyal, https://github.com/sidkothiyal) Other Authors: Owner: AerospaceResearch.net About: This module aims to create a sort of middleware module to call other modules which can handle/solve different types of equations and expressions. This module is also responsible for performing tasks like simplification of equations/expressions, and individual functions like, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division in an equation/expression. Communicates with polynomial roots module, to check if roots of the equation can be found. Note: Please try to maintain proper documentation Logic Description: """ import copy from visma.functions.constant import Constant, Zero from visma.functions.variable import Variable from visma.functions.operator import Binary from visma.functions.trigonometry import Trigonometric from visma.io.checks import isEquation, getLevelVariables, getOperationsEquation, getOperationsExpression, postSimplification from visma.io.parser import tokensToString from visma.io.tokenize import tokenizer from visma.simplify.addsub import addition, additionEquation, subtraction, subtractionEquation from visma.simplify.muldiv import multiplication, multiplicationEquation, division, divisionEquation from visma.functions.structure import Expression def moveRTokensToLTokens(lTokens, rTokens): """Moves tokens in RHS to LHS Arguments: ltokens {list} -- LHS tokens list rtokens {list} -- RHS tokens list Returns: ltokens {list} -- LHS tokens list rtokens {list} -- RHS tokens list """ if len(lTokens) == 0 and len(rTokens) > 0: return rTokens, lTokens elif isEquation(lTokens, rTokens): return lTokens, rTokens elif len(lTokens) != 0: for i, token in enumerate(rTokens): if i == 0 and not isinstance(token, Binary): binary = Binary() binary.value = '-' binary.scope = copy.copy(token.scope) binary.scope[-1] -= 1 lTokens.append(binary) if isinstance(token, Binary): if token.value in ['+', '-']: if token.value == '-': token.value = '+' else: token.value = '-' elif isinstance(token, Constant): if token.value < 0: if isinstance(lTokens[-1], Binary): if lTokens[-1].value == '-': token.value *= -1 lTokens[-1].value = '+' elif lTokens[-1].value == '+': token.value *= -1 lTokens[-1].value = '-' elif isinstance(token, Variable): if token.coefficient < 0: if isinstance(lTokens[-1], Binary): if lTokens[-1].value == '-': token.coefficient *= -1 lTokens[-1].value = '+' elif lTokens[-1].value == '+': token.coefficient *= -1 lTokens[-1].value = '-' lTokens.append(token) rTokens = [] return lTokens, rTokens def equationAnimationBuilder(lTokens, rTokens): """Given LHS & RHS tokens for an equation it builds the tokens of complete equation Arguments: lTokens {list} -- Tokens of LHS rTokens {list} -- Tokens of RHS Returns: animBulder {list} -- list of tokens of complete equation """ animBuilder = [] lToks = copy.deepcopy(lTokens) rToks = copy.deepcopy(rTokens) animBuilder = lToks lenToks = len(lToks) equalTo = Binary() equalTo.scope = [lenToks] equalTo.value = '=' animBuilder.append(equalTo) if len(rToks) == 0: zero = Zero() zero.scope = [lenToks + 1] animBuilder.append(zero) else: animBuilder.extend(rToks) return animBuilder def simplifyEquation(lToks, rToks): """Simplifies given equation tokens Arguments: lToks {list} -- LHS tokens list rToks {list} -- RHS tokens list Returns: lTokens {list} -- LHS tokens list rTokens {list} -- RHS tokens list availableOperations {list} -- list of operations token_string {string} -- simplified result in string animation {list} -- list of equation simplification progress comments {list} -- list of solution steps """ lTokens = copy.deepcopy(lToks) rTokens = copy.deepcopy(rToks) animation = [] comments = [] comments += [[]] animation.append(equationAnimationBuilder(lTokens, rTokens)) lTokens = copy.deepcopy(lToks) rTokens = copy.deepcopy(rToks) expressionPresent = False for toks in lTokens: if isinstance(toks, Expression): expressionPresent = True if expressionPresent: lTokens, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(lTokens, [], lTokens) comments += [['Opening brackets in the LHS']] animation.append(equationAnimationBuilder(lTokens, rTokens)) expressionPresent = False for toks in rTokens: if isinstance(toks, Expression): expressionPresent = True if expressionPresent: rTokens, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(rTokens, [], rTokens) comments += [['Opening brackets in the RHS']] animation.append(equationAnimationBuilder(lTokens, rTokens)) lVariables = [] lVariables.extend(getLevelVariables(lTokens)) rVariables = [] rVariables.extend(getLevelVariables(rTokens)) availableOperations = getOperationsEquation(lVariables, lTokens, rVariables, rTokens) while len(availableOperations) > 0: if '/' in availableOperations: lTokens, rTokens, availableOperations, token_string, anim, com = divisionEquation( lTokens, rTokens) animation.pop(len(animation) - 1) animation.extend(anim) comments.extend(com) elif '*' in availableOperations: lTokens, rTokens, availableOperations, token_string, anim, com = multiplicationEquation( lTokens, rTokens) animation.pop(len(animation) - 1) animation.extend(anim) comments.extend(com) elif '+' in availableOperations: lTokens, rTokens, availableOperations, token_string, anim, com = additionEquation( lTokens, rTokens) animation.pop(len(animation) - 1) animation.extend(anim) comments.extend(com) elif '-' in availableOperations: lTokens, rTokens, availableOperations, token_string, anim, com = subtractionEquation( lTokens, rTokens) animation.pop(len(animation) - 1) animation.extend(anim) comments.extend(com) lVariables = getLevelVariables(lTokens) rVariables = getLevelVariables(rTokens) availableOperations = getOperationsEquation(lVariables, lTokens, rVariables, rTokens) moved = False if len(rTokens) > 0: moved = True lTokens, rTokens = moveRTokensToLTokens(lTokens, rTokens) tokenToStringBuilder = copy.deepcopy(lTokens) lenToks = len(lTokens) equalTo = Binary() equalTo.scope = [lenToks] equalTo.value = '=' tokenToStringBuilder.append(equalTo) if len(rTokens) == 0: zero = Zero() zero.scope = [lenToks + 1] tokenToStringBuilder.append(zero) else: tokenToStringBuilder.extend(rTokens) if moved: animation.append(copy.deepcopy(tokenToStringBuilder)) comments.append(['Moving the rest of variables/constants to LHS']) token_string = tokensToString(tokenToStringBuilder) return lTokens, rTokens, availableOperations, token_string, animation, comments def simplify(tokens): """ Main simplify function which is called from driver modules Arguments: tokens {list} -- list of tokens Returns: tokens {list} -- list of simplified availableOperations {list} -- list of operations which can be performed on a equation token token_string {string} -- final result stored in a string animation {list} -- list of equation solving process comments {list} -- list of comments in equation solving process """ tokens_orig = copy.deepcopy(tokens) animation = [tokens_orig] comments = [[]] tokens, availableOperations, token_string, anim1, comment1 = expressionSimplification(tokens_orig, [], tokens) animation.extend(anim1) comments.extend(comment1) return tokens, availableOperations, token_string, animation, comments def expressionSimplification(tokens_now, scope, tokens1): '''Makes an input equation free from Expressions, i.e. solving each Expression recursively to convert them in other tokens. Arguments: tokens_now {list} -- list of original tokens as function gets called recursively scope {list} -- integers (bounds) indicating which Expression we are currently solving tokens1 {list} -- list of current tokens as function gets called recursively Returns: simToks {list} -- list of simplified tokens of each Expression availableOperations {list} -- list of operations which can be performed on a equation token token_string {string} -- final result stored in a string animation {list} -- list of equation solving process comments {list} -- list of comments in equation solving process ''' animation = [] comments = [] pfTokens = [] i = 0 while(i < len(tokens1)): if (i + 1 < len(tokens1)): if isinstance(tokens1[i], Binary) and tokens1[i].value == '^': if isinstance(tokens1[i - 1], Expression): tokens1[i - 1].tokens, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(tokens_now, scope, tokens1[i - 1].tokens) if isinstance(tokens1[i + 1], Expression): tokens1[i + 1].tokens, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(tokens_now, scope, tokens1[i + 1].tokens) if len(tokens1[i + 1].tokens) == 1 and isinstance(tokens1[i + 1].tokens[0], Constant): tokens1[i + 1] = Constant(tokens1[i + 1].tokens[0].calculate(), 1, 1) if (isinstance(tokens1[i], Binary) and tokens1[i].value == '^') and isinstance(tokens1[i + 1], Constant): if float(tokens1[i + 1].calculate()).is_integer(): rep = int(tokens1[i + 1].calculate()) for _ in range(rep - 1): pfTokens.extend([Binary('*'), tokens1[i - 1]]) i += 1 else: pfTokens.append(tokens1[i]) else: pfTokens.append(tokens1[i]) else: pfTokens.append(tokens1[i]) i += 1 tokens1 = copy.deepcopy(pfTokens) animation.append(pfTokens) comments.append(['Expanding the powers of expressions']) mulFlag = True expressionMultiplication = False # Check for the case: {Non-Expression} * {Expression} for _ in range(50): for i, _ in enumerate(tokens1): mulFlag = False if isinstance(tokens1[i], Expression): if (i > 1): if (tokens1[i - 1].value == '*'): scope.append(i) tokens1[i].tokens, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(tokens_now, scope, tokens1[i].tokens) if isinstance(tokens1[i - 2], Expression): scope.append(i - 2) tokens1[i - 2].tokens, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(tokens_now, scope, tokens1[i - 2].tokens) a = tokens1[i - 2] b = tokens1[i] c = a * b mulFlag = True expressionMultiplication = True if isinstance(c, Expression): scope.append(i) c.tokens, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(tokens_now, scope, c.tokens) tokens1[i] = c del tokens1[i - 1] del tokens1[i - 2] break trigonometricError = False # Check for the case: {Expression} * {Non-Expression} if not trigonometricError: for _ in range(50): for i, _ in enumerate(tokens1): mulFlag = False if isinstance(tokens1[i], Expression): if i + 2 < len(tokens1): if (tokens1[i + 1].value == '*'): scope.append(i) tokens1[i].tokens, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(tokens_now, scope, tokens1[i].tokens) if isinstance(tokens1[i + 2], Expression): scope.append(i + 2) tokens1[i + 2].tokens, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(tokens_now, scope, tokens1[i + 2].tokens) a = tokens1[i + 2] b = tokens1[i] trigonometricError = False for ec in b.tokens: if isinstance(ec, Trigonometric): trigonometricError = True break if not trigonometricError: c = a * b mulFlag = True expressionMultiplication = True if isinstance(c, Expression): scope.append(i) c.tokens, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(tokens_now, scope, c.tokens) tokens1[i] = c del tokens1[i + 1] del tokens1[i + 1] break if not mulFlag: break if expressionMultiplication: animation.append(tokens1) comments.append(['Multiplying expressions']) # TODO: Implement verbose multiplication steps. simToks = [] expressionPresent = False for i, _ in enumerate(tokens1): if isinstance(tokens1[i], Expression): expressionPresent = True scope.append(i) newToks, _, _, _, _ = expressionSimplification(tokens_now, scope, tokens1[i].tokens) if not simToks: simToks.extend(newToks) elif (simToks[len(simToks) - 1].value == '+'): if isinstance(newToks[0], Constant): if (newToks[0].value < 0): simToks.pop() simToks.extend(newToks) elif (simToks[len(simToks) - 1].value == '-'): for _, x in enumerate(newToks): if x.value == '+': x.value = '-' elif x.value == '-': x.value = '+' if (isinstance(newToks[0], Constant)): if (newToks[0].value < 0): simToks[-1].value = '+' newToks[0].value = abs(newToks[0].value) elif (isinstance(newToks[0], Variable)): if (newToks[0].coefficient < 0): simToks[-1].value = '+' newToks[0].coefficient = abs(newToks[0].coefficient) simToks.extend(newToks) else: simToks.extend([tokens1[i]]) simToks = tokenizer(tokensToString(simToks)) if expressionPresent: animation += [simToks] comments += [['Opening up all the brackets']] # TODO: Implement Trigonometric functions in the simplify module. trigonometricError = False for tk in simToks: if isinstance(tk, Trigonometric): trigonometricError = True break if not trigonometricError: if scope == []: simToks, availableOperations, token_string, animExtra, commentExtra = simplifification(simToks) animExtra.pop(0) animation += animExtra comments += commentExtra else: availableOperations = '' token_string = '' else: availableOperations = [] token_string = tokensToString(simToks) # TODO: Implement verbose steps in simplification of Expressions (steps shown can be varied depending on length of expression) if scope != []: scope.pop() return simToks, availableOperations, token_string, animation, comments def simplifification(tokens): """Simplifies given expression tokens Arguments: tokens {list} -- tokens list Returns: tokens {list} -- tokens list availableOperations {list} -- list of operations token_string {string} -- simplified result in string animation {list} -- list of equation simplification progress comments {list} -- list of solution steps """ tokens_orig = copy.deepcopy(tokens) animation = [tokens_orig] variables = [] comments = [] variables.extend(getLevelVariables(tokens)) availableOperations = getOperationsExpression(variables, tokens) while len(availableOperations) > 0: if '/' in availableOperations: tokens_temp = copy.deepcopy(tokens) tokens, availableOperations, token_string, anim, com = division( tokens_temp) animation.pop(len(animation) - 1) animation.extend(anim) comments.extend(com) elif '*' in availableOperations: tokens_temp = copy.deepcopy(tokens) tokens, availableOperations, token_string, anim, com = multiplication( tokens_temp) animation.pop(len(animation) - 1) animation.extend(anim) comments.extend(com) elif '+' in availableOperations: tokens_temp = copy.deepcopy(tokens) tokens, availableOperations, token_string, anim, com = addition( tokens_temp) animation.pop(len(animation) - 1) animation.extend(anim) comments.extend(com) elif '-' in availableOperations: tokens_temp = copy.deepcopy(tokens) tokens, availableOperations, token_string, anim, com = subtraction( tokens_temp) animation.pop(len(animation) - 1) animation.extend(anim) comments.extend(com) tokens, animation = postSimplification(tokens, animation) token_string = tokensToString(tokens) return tokens, availableOperations, token_string, animation, comments ''' def defineScopeVariable(variable, scope): token = copy.deepcopy(variable) local_scope = copy.deepcopy(scope) if isinstance(token.value, list): for j, val in enumerate(token.value): if val.__class__ in [Binary, Variable, Constant, Expression]: local_scope_value = copy.deepcopy(local_scope) local_scope_value.extend(-1) local_scope_value.extend(j) val.scope = local_scope_value if isinstance(token.power, list): for j, val in enumerate(token.value): if val.__class__ in [Binary, Variable, Constant, Expression]: local_scope_value = copy.deepcopy(local_scope) local_scope_value.extend(-2) local_scope_value.extend(j) val.scope = local_scope_value return token def defineScopeConstant(constant, scope): token = copy.deepcopy(constant) local_scope = copy.deepcopy(scope) if isinstance(token.value, list): for j, val in enumerate(token.value): if val.__class__ in [Binary, Variable, Constant, Expression]: local_scope_value = copy.deepcopy(local_scope) local_scope_value.extend(-1) local_scope_value.extend(j) val.scope = local_scope_value if isinstance(token.power, list): for j, val in enumerate(token.value): if val.__class__ in [Binary, Variable, Constant, Expression]: local_scope_value = copy.deepcopy(local_scope) local_scope_value.extend(-2) local_scope_value.extend(j) val.scope = local_scope_value return token def defineScope(tokens, scope=None): if scope is None: scope = [] i = 0 for token in tokens: local_scope = copy.deepcopy(scope) local_scope.extend(i) token.scope = local_scope if isinstance(token, Variable): token = defineScopeVariable(token, copy.deepcopy(local_scope)) elif isinstance(token, Constant): token = defineScopeConstant(token, copy.deepcopy(local_scope)) elif isinstance(token, Expression): token.tokens = defineScope(token.tokens, local_scope) elif isinstance(token, Binary): pass i += 1 return tokens '''