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The study of how covalent marks on DNA and histones are involved in the origin and spread of cancer cells
is also leading to new therapeutic strategies.
Much of the current hype in epigenetics stems from the recognition of its role in | The study of how covalent marks on DNA and histones are involved in the origin and spread of cancer cells
is also leading to new therapeutic strategies.
Much of the current hype in epigenetics stems from the recognition of its role in human cancer. Yet, intriguingly, the first epigenetic change in human tumors—global genomic DNA hypomethylation—was reported way back in the early 1980s, at about the same time the first genetic mutation in an oncogene was discovered.1 So why the delay in recognizing the importance of epigenetics in cancer?
In the 1980s epigenetics was a fledgling discipline, hampered by methodological limitations, while genetic knowledge of (more…)
Filed under: Noticias de Salud | Tagged: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biology, DNA, DNA methylation, epigenetic, Gene, Gene Expression, Histone, Lung cancer, Prader-Willi syndrome, The Scientist | 1 Comment » |
Teaching students the value of medicine
BRONX (WABC) -- Broken bones and fractures is the topic of discussion for Dr. Lisa Ipp, as she speaks to an audience in the Bronx.
What is unusual about her lecture is | Teaching students the value of medicine
BRONX (WABC) -- Broken bones and fractures is the topic of discussion for Dr. Lisa Ipp, as she speaks to an audience in the Bronx.
What is unusual about her lecture is who she is speaking to. Dr. Ipp's audience is a group of public school students from Global Technology Preparatory.
The children chose this apprenticeship at the Hospital for Special Surgery, where they will learn the ins and outs of what it takes to become medical professionals.
The children's apprenticeship is actually very important to the future of patients because of an expectant shortage of medical professionals that are predicted to start declining in the next ten years.
In fact, the predicted shortages that will need to be filled in the next ten years or so are a quarter million nurses and 90,000 doctors.
Hospital for Special Surgery CEO Louis Shapiro also realizes how important it is for children to go into the medical field.
"We have baby boomers aging. We have increasing demand for health care and primary physicians, orthopedic surgeons, nurses and so on. We need to encourage young kids to pick this as a great career," Shapiro said.
One of the procedures the kids from Global Technology Prep, a school within PS 7 are learning is how to make a cast. They have been taught how important perfect positioning is for the bone to heal right.
The kids at Global Technology Prep are also looking at digital X-rays of bones with radiologists and X-ray technicians. They are being shown artificial knees and the latest in hip replacement technology.
There are some kids that are a little intimidated at the thought of being a surgeon. Eleven-year old sixth grader, Elmar Mero is one of those students.
"It's scary because you have to put these pieces of metal in your knee and in your hip," Mero said.
However, other children like 11-year old William Fredericks, are quite comfortable with the proced |
Active and passive 3D: What's the difference, and which is better?
- By John Breeden II
- Mar 06, 2013
It seems that 3D displays are everywhere these days, and although they are | Active and passive 3D: What's the difference, and which is better?
- By John Breeden II
- Mar 06, 2013
It seems that 3D displays are everywhere these days, and although they are slightly less common in government, that will begin to change. For example, Epson’s new line of 3D projectors, designed specifically for education and training, is the kind of thing that could turn up soon in agencies. And many of the monitors GCN has reviewed over the past year have had 3D capabilities, even if they were not a main focus of the unit.
But there are two kinds of 3D technology to choose from today, active and passive. They are actually quite different, with various competing advantages and flaws. For any device you are thinking about bringing into your agency, you’re probably going to want to decide if you need an active or passive display first, and then start your shopping from there. What are the differences?
First, let’s look at the basics of 3D, and then go into how different devices create it. As you well know, your monitor screen is flat. And the images it creates will also be flat. The same is true for the images made by any projector. To make an image look 3D, some illusions must be employed.
This 3D trickery works because of what happens after you see an image. Your brain does much of the post-processing work, and somebody figured out that by sending inputs that are slightly offset from each other independently to your left and right eye, that your brain perceives the flat surface as being in three dimensions. Although richer data is used in 3D today, and a few more tricks are employed, how 3D works is still very similar to the old stereoscopic viewers of yesteryear.
(Interesting fact: people with one very dominant eye or who are blind in one eye can’t see 3D images because they only receive one set of inputs, so their brain, rightly in this case, interprets a 2D image as being flat.)
The difference between active and passive 3D is in how these images are achieved, and actually refers to the glasses or viewing device used.
Active 3D Display
Active 3D could also be called powered 3D, because it requires that the glasses used be powered somehow. Early models used standard AA or AAA batteries, but the newest ones use rechargeable cells that draw power from special cradles, or even from a computer’s USB port when plugged into it.
That power is used to electronically block or shutter first the left and then the right lens. Data that is meant for your left eye is blocked from getting to your right one, and vice versa. So long as the actual display has a high enough refresh rate so that each eye can get at least 60 frames per second, an image on the screen will look 3D.
The biggest advantage to active 3D is that your brain actually gets the full image at the intended resolution. First your left eye gets the full image, and then your right. They are slightly offset in different ways to trigger the 3D illusion, but you are seeing the full screen independently with each eye. This allows for some very precise 3D applications to be displayed.
Unfortunately, active 3D has a lot of problems, which is why it’s less popular overall than passive 3D. First off, the glasses are rather bulky because they have to house the batteries or connection to a power source. They are also expensive, up to several hundred dollars a piece depending on the model, so equipping a lot of people with active 3D glasses is often not practical. Also, because images are constantly being blocked from alternating eyes, they tend to appear a bit dimmer.
Finally, all that constant shuttering can make some people ill. Almost nobody can actively perceive the shuttering lenses because they flash too quickly, but some people can tell that something’s not right. Extended use can trigger eye strain as the brain tries to compensate, or even severe headaches. I know, because it happens to me with active 3D, even with very short periods of use. It’s really put a dampener on a few trips to the amusement park where I tried to ride those simulations which use active 3D glasses. And there’s not much I can do about it, other than avoid active 3D applications.
Passive 3D Display
Most people experience passive 3D when they go to a 3D movie at the local movie theater. The dark glasses they hand out there have no battery component. In fact, passive 3D is a lot like how it worked with those old blue and red lens type of glasses from the 1950s, only the modern ones work with full color images.
Passive displays have a special filter that works with the polarized lenses |
New Research on Urban Indian Community Arms Leaders With Tools for Change
PORTLAND, Ore.—Historically, research on Native communities has been everything from covered up to grossly inaccurate and even blatantly incorrect. For this reason, Native communities have experienced major | New Research on Urban Indian Community Arms Leaders With Tools for Change
PORTLAND, Ore.—Historically, research on Native communities has been everything from covered up to grossly inaccurate and even blatantly incorrect. For this reason, Native communities have experienced major challenges in acquiring resources—but for one community, that is all about to change.
On November 2, policy makers, Native American leaders, National Congress of American Indian’s conference attendees and other Native professionals witnessed the release of the unique report The Native American Community in Multnomah County: an Unsettling Profile. This research is the product of a collaboration among the Coalition of Communities of Color, Portland State University, the Portland Indian Leaders’ Roundtable and the Portland urban Indian community, melding academic research and community input.
The report incorporates community-based participatory research, a method that equally prioritizes the findings of the researcher and the voices of the community. Unique to this report, the collaborators have taken every measure to ensure that demographic information is not only accurate but reflects the lived experiences of the community.
One of the most startling findings of The Native American Community in Multn |
It’s not just daytime heat in the summer that can be deadly — a rising trend in night-time temperatures is also raising health concerns.
Over the past five decades, the average minimum temperature in July has gone up from 13.7 C to | It’s not just daytime heat in the summer that can be deadly — a rising trend in night-time temperatures is also raising health concerns.
Over the past five decades, the average minimum temperature in July has gone up from 13.7 C to 16.4 C, according to Environment Canada.
Those figures don’t appear deadly on the surface. But they show a dramatic trend that the night-time temperatures in Toronto are definitely getting warmer during the summer, says Dave Phillips, senior climatologist with Environment Canada.
“There is more and more evidence that climate change is about night-time warming rather than day-to-day heat,” said Phillips.
And that may bring big trouble. If you overheat and have no way of cooling down you can suffer from heat exhaustion. In more severe cases, it can lead to heat stroke, which if not treated immediately, can be fatal.
Usually, the body is able to cool down through evaporation of sweat on the skin. But in cases of extreme heat or high humidity the body can’t do this.
The phenomenon of higher evening temperatures most likely occurs because “heat absorbed throughout the day by dark structures and surfaces in the city is released overnight, preventing the city from cooling off,” according to a recent Toronto Public Health report.
“Having the opportunity to cool off, even for a few hours, is critical in preventing heat-related illness and death.”
The report, presented to the Toronto Board of Health earlier this week, adds that “the daily minimum temperatures are increasing faster than the average or maximum temperatures.”
That trend is something Toronto Public Health is concerned about. “Higher night temperatures can have an effect on the ability to cope with the heat,” said Elaine Pacheco, a manager with Toronto Public Health.
“In the evening, if temperatures cool down significantly, especially in an extended heat wave, people have an opportunity to get relief from the day time high,” she said.
In Europe in 2005 and Chicago in 1995 hundreds of people died during heat waves. The problem then was the night time temperatures didn’t fall, said Phillips. Even those in good health succumbed to the high temperatures. There simply wasn’t any relief.
There will be more of the same in the years to come says Phillips. In fact, the difference between daytime highs and night-time lows in the summer is slowly shrinking.
In addition, the dew point – a measurement of humidity – is increasingly elevated at night, which means your body is not able to perform as its engineered to do – get rid of natural heat and cool off, said Phillips.
Some nights earlier this summer the dew point was 23 C or 24 C during the day and even when the temperature dipped to 25 or 14, the dew point remained the same. “That’s unbelievable,” said Phillips.
“It’s like being in Savannah, Georgia rather than Phoenix, Arizona.”
Traditionally, the difference between a daytime high and night-time low in Toronto was quite wide with a high of about 28 C and a low of 15 or 16 C.
But during the latest heat wave, the daytime high reached about 35 C and the night time low only dipped to 25 C. That just doesn’t offer any relief — especially for people who don’t have air conditioning.
Phillips ran some data for the Star to illustrate the shrinking range. The difference in the 1960s was about 12.7 degrees; in 2000, it was 10.6 degrees. “This is clearly how the thermal climate in Toronto in the summer is changing.”
According to the Environment Canada data from Pearson Airport, in the 1960s there were 168 days in July where the temperature was over 30 C. Between 2000 and 2009, there were 189.
But the next set of numbers is alarming, he said. In the 1960s there were only 21 nights where the minimum temperature in July was over 20 C. But from 2000 to 2009, that number rose to 109.
And that phenomenon is not just occurring in Toronto, but across many parts of the world, he said.
“Over the past 130 years night-time minimum temperatures are increasing,” said Pacheco. The rise in night-time temperatures is not the only factor that affects people in a heat wave, she said, “but it’s more significant when there is an extended heat event.”
Her advice for those that don’t have air conditioning is to take cool showers, baths, mist themselves with cold water, drink lots of water, minimize the actual time outdoors, close blinds and drapes to block out the sun, avoid using the oven, visit |
As you may already know, the Houston Museum of Natural Science has long been digging up wonderful Permian fossils in Seymour, Texas. Curator of Paleontology Dr. Robert T. Bakker and his team of hot, tired and pink (from | As you may already know, the Houston Museum of Natural Science has long been digging up wonderful Permian fossils in Seymour, Texas. Curator of Paleontology Dr. Robert T. Bakker and his team of hot, tired and pink (from the dirt) volunteers have made major finds, but sometimes it’s the little things that count — like finding little amphibians, such as the boomerang-headed Diplocaulus and the snake-like Lysorophus, too.
The rock stars of the Seymour dig are people like Chris Flis, who finds bones everywhere. There are also geologists on the team, like Gretchen Sparks, who are interested in sedimentology (how the dirt got there) and who pick up interesting bits and wonder what they are.
This is a warty blob (that’s a technical term) that she found. It sort of looks like a bone or a burrow dug by something. I tested it and found that it is made of calcium carbonate.
To see more, I ground and polished the end. Now we can see that this is not a bone because it does not have a marrow cavity or bone lamellae. Warty surfaces like this are frequently found on the outsides of arthropod burrows because the animal lines the burrow with spit and sediments balls — but the warty parts of these structures are inside and on the exterior, so this is not a shrimp burrow.
The flowery appearance of the growth indicates that this is caliche, one of those sedimentary features that often get little attention.
Caliche is a hard-water deposit on steroids. Caliche forms in dry areas like North Texas when more water evaporates from the surface of the ground than falls |
This section helps those who are trying to interpret media messages.
21st Century Literacies
This site focuses on four literacies: information, media, multicultural, and visual. It provides the tools and resources, both bibliographic and web-based, | This section helps those who are trying to interpret media messages.
21st Century Literacies
This site focuses on four literacies: information, media, multicultural, and visual. It provides the tools and resources, both bibliographic and web-based, to promote the skills, knowledge and attitudes to help students develop effective lifelong literacy awareness, seeking, management and presentation strategies. The visual section has excellent ideas for understanding the criteria for posters as does the media section for video. The site also provides a glossary of terms and a resources page containing useful links.
Center for Medial Literacy (CML)
CML is a nonprofit educational organization that provides leadership, public education, professional development and educational resources nationally. Dedication to promoting and supporting media literacy education as a framework for accessing, analyzing, evaluating and creating media content, CML works to help citizens, especially youth, develop critical thinking and media production skills.
Kathy Schrockís Guide for Educators
TThis online guide contains a collection of assessment rubrics and graphic organizers for teachers in assessing student work in many areas. There are a number of excellent rubric samples and related articles for various media.
Media Awareness Network
One of the planet's best media literacy/media education sites, this site provides links to a plethora of other sites all over the world, as well as a tremendously versatile and constantly updated set of resources for teachers, parents and students. MNet focuses its efforts on equipping adults with information and tools to help people understand how the media work, how the media may affect their lifestyle choices as consumers and citizens, and also providing reference materials for use by adults and youth in examining media issues.
Media Literacy Review Project at the University of Oregon
The Media Literacy Review is an online publication associated with the Center for Advanced Technology in Education at the University of Oregonís College of Education. Their goal is to make available to educators, producers, students, and parents information and resources related to the influence of media in the lives of children, youth, and adults. The site contains archived articles, bibliographies and a detailed listing of organizations, associations and centers related to the study of media and communication.
The On-Line Visual Literacy Project at Pomona College
This website contains information on visual literacy and definitions of the basic visual elements such as texture, hue, and saturation. Visuals and background information are also provided with each definition to give viewers a better understanding of the elements.
The Ontario, Canada, Association for Media Literacy
The goal of the AML is to promote the understanding of culture and technology through media education. AML seeks to do this through education of students, teachers and the public; through lobbying governments and media industries, and through networking with those with shared concerns in education, business, government, media, and community organizations. The website contains related news, resources, forums, and links.
Gipps, Caroline V. Beyond Testing.
The Falmer Press, 1994.
Gronlund, Norman E., Linn, Robert L. Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching, 6th ed. Collier Macmillan, 1990.
Leithwood, Kenneth, Fullan, Michael, Watson, Nancy. The Schools We Need: Recent Education Policy in Ontario & Recommendations for Moving Forward.
Toronto: The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 2003.
Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations, Advanced Subsidiary GCE, Advanced GCE Media Studies. Approved Specifications for Teaching From September 2000.
Birmingham: OCR, 2000.
Smith, Frank. Insult to Intelligence: the Bureaucratic Invasion of Our Classrooms.
New York: Arbor House, 1986.
Worsnop, Chris M. Screening Images: Ideas for Media Education.
Mississauga: Wright Communications, 1999.
Worsnop, Chris M. Assessing Media Work: Authentic Assessment in Media Education. Mississauga: Wright Communications, 1996.
Worsnop, Chris M. "Assessment in Media Education", in Hammett, R.F. & Barrell, R.C. (eds)Digital Expressions: Media Literacy and English Language Arts.
Calgary: Detselig Enterprises Ltd., 2002. |
First Glimmer of Real Technology for Flying Cars?
At this year’s Paris Air show, Austrian technolgy company, IAT21, showed their D-Dalus propulsion system. It is unlike another other current airborne production technology in that is | First Glimmer of Real Technology for Flying Cars?
At this year’s Paris Air show, Austrian technolgy company, IAT21, showed their D-Dalus propulsion system. It is unlike another other current airborne production technology in that is does not use propellers, helicopter blades or wings for lift. It may well be the first true disruptive propulsion technology since the invention of the jet engine.
Here’s what the company’s website has to say about their system:
The propulsion consists of 4 sets of contra-rotating disks, each set driven at the same rpm by a conventional aero-engine. The disks are surrounded by blades whose angle of attack can be altered by off-setting the axis of the rotating disks. As each blade can be given a different angle of attack, the resulting main thrust can be in any required dir |
Toxic Chemicals Found in Half of Kids' Car Seats
More than half of children’s car seats sold in the United States contain toxic chemicals, a new study from the Ecology Center says.
The non-profit group found that 60 percent of | Toxic Chemicals Found in Half of Kids' Car Seats
More than half of children’s car seats sold in the United States contain toxic chemicals, a new study from the Ecology Center says.
The non-profit group found that 60 percent of the 150 car seats tested contained chemicals that can be harmful to human health, AFP reported. Some of these chemicals include bromine and chlorine, which can indicate the presence of polyvinyl chlorate (PVC).
PVC, which serves as a flame retardant, can permanently affect developing brains, studies on lab animals have shown. It is also classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Administration as a known human carcinogen. According to AFP, when PVC is burned or dumped in landfills, it releases highly toxic dioxins into the air and water.
The presence of chemicals is especially concerning because infants and young toddlers are often the most at risk for the harmful side effects of toxins.
“Babies are the most vulnerable population in terms of exposure since their bodily systems are still developing and they spend many hours in their car seats,” the Ecology Center said in a statement.
Concerned parents can look at the group’s website for a list of the best and worst car seats in terms of the chemicals found in them, AFP said. The list is located at HealthStuff.org. |
Home Equity Line of Credit, otherwise abbreviated as HELOC, refers to the amount of money that is made available through a loan. This is specifically determined by the borrower’s home equity. To compute for home equity, one simply has to subtract the | Home Equity Line of Credit, otherwise abbreviated as HELOC, refers to the amount of money that is made available through a loan. This is specifically determined by the borrower’s home equity. To compute for home equity, one simply has to subtract the mortgage balance from the total value of the property. If there are liens on the property, it is also important to note this in order to arrive at an accurate value.
It is possible for a borrower to avail of a home equity loan if he so wishes. While it is true that both are dependent on the borrower’s home equity and therefore place the property as collateral, it is important to distinguish between a home equity loan and a HELOC. The former allows the borrower to take the entire approved amount at one time. On the other hand, the latter, as its name suggests, is a line of credit. The borrower is secure with the knowledge that he has available funds but may or may not decide to use the entire amount.
For some borrowers, an arrangement in which they do not hold all of the money at one time may be best for practical budgeting purposes. Many people are more likely to make rash spending decisions when they have the money in their hands than when they have time to think about the necessity of the expense. At the same time, people who have availed of a HELOC can usually deduct the interest from their annual tax returns. |
Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease
Examples Back to top
|Generic Name||Brand Name|
How It Works Back to top
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter (a brain chemical) that helps with memory and | Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease
Examples Back to top
|Generic Name||Brand Name|
How It Works Back to top
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter (a brain chemical) that helps with memory and thinking. Alzheimer's disease breaks down acetylcholine. And people who have Alzheimer's disease make less of this chemical over time. These two things result in the gradual loss of memory and thinking skills.
Medicines called cholinesterase inhibitors help stop acetylcholine from breaking down. They can help brain cells work better. But they don't stop or reverse the destruction of brain cells and loss of acetylcholine that occur in Alzheimer's disease. They don't prevent the disease from getting worse, but they may slow it down.
These medicines don't make acetylcholine, though. So over time they may stop working.
Why It Is Used Back to top
Experts agree that reducing problems with memory loss may help people with Alzheimer's disease live better. In some cases, reducing these problems may help people live more independently for a longer period of time.
How Well It Works Back to top
Cholinesterase inhibitors may produce small improvements in memory and general ability to function. For example, the person may be able to remember friends' names better and be able to dress himself or herself with less difficulty.
The various cholinesterase inhibitors have similar effects on memory and cognitive function. So the decision about what medicine to use may be based on side effects, dosing schedules and ease of use, individual response to a particular medicine, or other factors.
Cholinesterase inhibitors do not work for everyone who has Alzheimer's disease, but they are helpful for some people. They may be a reasonable option for those who understand the risks and costs and feel the possible benefits are worth it. As the disease progresses, the medicine eventually may stop working.
Side Effects Back to top
All medicines have side effects. But many people don't feel the side effects, or they are able to deal with them. Ask your pharmacist about the side effects of each medicine you take. Side effects are also listed in the information that comes with your medicine.
Here are some important things to think about:
- Usually the benefits of the medicine are more important than any minor side effects.
- Side effects may go away after you take the medicine for a while.
- If side effects still bother you and you wonder if you should keep taking the medicine, call your doctor. He or she may be able to lower your dose or change your medicine. Do not suddenly quit taking your medicine unless your doctor tells you to.
Call 911 or other emergency services right away if you have:
- Trouble breathing.
- Swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor if you have:
Common side effects of this medicine include:
- Loss of appetite and weight loss.
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)
What To Think About Back to top
Rivastigmine (Exelon) can be given through a skin patch. Skin patches release medicine into the blood at a steady level and may reduce side effects. And when a person uses a skin patch, it's easier for caregivers to be sure the person is getting his or her medicine properly.
Medicine is one of the many tools your doctor has to treat a health problem. Taking medicine as your doctor suggests will improve your health and may prevent future problems. If you don't take your medicines properly, you may be putting your health (and perhaps your life) at risk.
There are many reasons why people have trouble taking their medicine. But in most cases, there is something you can do. For suggestions on how to work around common problems, see the topic Taking Medicines as Prescribed.
Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.
C |
Little Ice Age - Global Event
Received 8 February 2012; accepted 30 March 2012; published 9 May 2012.
Citation: (2012), Little Ice Age cold interval in West Antarctica: Evidence from | Little Ice Age - Global Event
Received 8 February 2012; accepted 30 March 2012; published 9 May 2012.
Citation: (2012), Little Ice Age cold interval in West Antarctica: Evidence from borehole temperature at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09710, doi:10.1029/2012GL051260.
Little Ice Age cold interval in West Antarctica: Evidence from borehole temperature at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide
he largest climate anomaly of the last 1000 years in the Northern Hemisphere was the Little Ice Age (LIA) from 1400–1850 C.E., but little is known about the signature of this event in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. We present temperature data from a 300 m borehole at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide. Results show that WAIS Divide was colder than the last 1000-year average from 1300 to 1800 C.E. The temperature in the time period 1400–1800 C.E. was on average 0.52 ± 0.28°C colder than the last 100-year average. This amplitude is about half of that seen at Greenland Summit (GRIP). This result is consistent with the idea that the LIA was a global event, probably caused by a change in solar and volcanic forcing, and was not simply a seesaw-type redistribution of heat between the hemispheres as would be predicted by some ocean-circulation hypotheses. The difference in |
Volume 8, Number 12—December 2002
Mass Vaccination Campaign Following Community Outbreak of Meningococcal Disease
During December 12–29, 1998, seven patients ages 2–18 years were | Volume 8, Number 12—December 2002
Mass Vaccination Campaign Following Community Outbreak of Meningococcal Disease
During December 12–29, 1998, seven patients ages 2–18 years were diagnosed with serogroup C meningococcal disease in two neighboring Florida towns with 33,000 residents. We evaluated a mass vaccination campaign implemented to control the outbreak. We maintained vaccination logs and recorded the resources used in the campaign that targeted 2- to 22-year-old residents of the two towns. A total of 13,148 persons received the vaccinations in 3 days. Vaccination coverage in the target population was estimated to be 86% to 99%. Five additional cases of serogroup C meningococcal disease occurred in the community during the year after the campaign began, four in patients who had not received the vaccine. The cost of control efforts was approximately $370,000. Although cases continued to occur, the vaccination campaign appeared to control the outbreak. Rapid implementation, a targeted approach, and high coverage were important to the campaign's success.
Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in children and young adults in the United States (1,2). An estimated 2,600 cases occur each year, most of them sporadic (2). Between 10 and 15 outbreaks of meningococcal disease are reported in the country annually (1,3). Outbreaks can occur in institutions as well as in communities. Communitywide outbreaks can persist for several months, and controlling them remains a major challenge in public health (4–6).
The primary method for preventing sporadic meningococcal disease is chemoprophylaxis of close contacts after a case is identified (1,7,8). However, the protective effect of chemoprophylaxis is of limited duration (6,9,10).
A quadrivalent polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine effective against N. meningitidis serogroup A, C, W135, and Y is available in the United States (7,11). Serogroup C N. meningitidis accounts for most U.S. outbreaks (3). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has released recommendations for the use of meningococcal vaccine to control outbreaks of serogroup C meningococcal disease (11).
Identifying the need for a vaccination campaign, defining the target population, implementing the campaign rapidly, and achieving high vaccination coverage are difficult (5). Mass vaccination campaigns require major logistic efforts and often take place in an atmosphere of public anxiety (5,6,12,13). Few local and state health departments have much experience in responding to such outbreaks. Mass vaccination campaigns in response to meningococcal disease outbreaks have been reported before, but only limited information is available on the operational aspects of such efforts (4,5,9,14).
In December 1998, two neighboring towns with a combined population of 33,000 persons in Putnam County, Florida, had a community outbreak of meningococcal disease (1,3). The health |
Oftentimes, individuals diagnosed with some form of cancer ask themselves and their physicians, "Could I have done something to prevent this?"
Women who are concerned about breast cancer also may wonder if they can prevent this potentially deadly disease, wondering if there | Oftentimes, individuals diagnosed with some form of cancer ask themselves and their physicians, "Could I have done something to prevent this?"
Women who are concerned about breast cancer also may wonder if they can prevent this potentially deadly disease, wondering if there is a pill, a vitamin or another method to keeping the cancer at bay. Unfortunately, there is no guaranteed way to prevent breast cancer. However, there are many different steps to take that may help reduce the risk for cancer or increase the odds that if breast cancer is present, it can be found at a more treatable stage.
There is no exact cause of breast cancer, but many experts agree that certain lifestyle choices as well as genetics can increase an individual's risk.
A woman's risk also increases as she ages. When a woman is in her 30s, her risk of developing breast cancer is roughly 4 out of 1,000. By the time she reaches her 60s, that risk has increased to 37 out of 1,000. Though women can't reverse the aging process, they can gain a greater understanding of additional risk factors for breast cancer and follow medical guidelines concerning breast cancer screenings.
Family history: Having a sister, mother, daughter or two or more close relatives with a history of breast cancer increases a woman's risk, particularly if these diagnoses were made when the relatives were under the age of 50. Such women should begin testing for breast cancer at an early age.
Personal history: If you've already experienced cancer in one breast or another part of your body, you are at an increased risk of getting cancer again. Breast cancer can turn up in the other breast or even in the same breast as before.
Inheritance of genetic mutations: Individuals with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are much more likely to get breast cancer, says the National Cancer Institute. The risk also increases for colon or ovarian cancer. In normal cells, BRCA1 and BRCA2 help ensure the stability of the cell's genetic material and help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. Mutation of these genes has been linked to the development of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. A simple blood test and a genetic work-up can point out mutations in these important genes.
Race: Although Caucasian women are more likely to get breast cancer than black, Hispanic or Asian women, black women typically are more susceptible to an aggressive type of breast cancer called basal-like tumor. Limited access to healthcare can also increase the risk of cancer fatality regardless of race.
Childbearing age: Women who first gave birth after age 30 have a greater chance of developing breast cancer than women who had children before reaching 30 years of age. Women wh |
|Land use plans, or RMPs, ensure that the public lands are managed in accordance with the intent of Congress as stated in the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLMPA) (43 U.S.C. 1701 et | |Land use plans, or RMPs, ensure that the public lands are managed in accordance with the intent of Congress as stated in the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLMPA) (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), under the principles of multiple use and sustained yield. As required by FLPMA and BLM policy, the public lands must be managed in a manner that protects the quality of scientific, scenic, historical, ecological, environmental, air and atmospheric, water resource, and archaeological values; that, where appropriate, will preserve and protect certain public lands in their natural condition; that will provide food and habitat for fish, wildlife, and domestic animals; that will provide for outdoor recreation and human occupancy and use; that recognizes the nation’s need for domestic sources of minerals, food, timber, and fiber from the public lands by encouraging collaboration and public participation throughout the planning process.|
The BLM uses an ongoing planning process to ensure that RMPs and implementation decisions remain consistent with applicable laws, regulations, orders, and policies. EIS-level planning processes, such as the RMP revision, have a number of required planning steps. See the EIS-level planning process diagram for a description of the various steps.
Concurrent with the development of the RMP, an environmental impact statement (EIS) will also be prepared. Required by Section 102(2)(C) of the National Enviro |
Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, and Orange County, California
Combining the technology of LASIK and Surface ablation (PRK) was like two wonderful parents giving birth to an amazing child. “SuperLASIK,” an acronym for Superf | Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, and Orange County, California
Combining the technology of LASIK and Surface ablation (PRK) was like two wonderful parents giving birth to an amazing child. “SuperLASIK,” an acronym for Superficial LASIK, was coined by the inventor of LASIK. The term is quite descriptive. It means LASIK is performed in the superficial layers of the cornea, but it also implies quite rightly that SuperLASIK has advantages over traditional LASIK in many situations.
Advantages of SuperLASIK
The main advantage of Superlasik is that this technique can be used when LASIK is not an option. Thin cornea, abnormally-shaped cornea, and dry eye are some conditions where the advantages of Superlasik have been used successfully. It is also safer than traditional LASIK. In fact, it is even safer than Intralase or all-laser Lasik.
What Is SuperLASIK?
There is no cut involved in this procedure. The top layer or epithelium is separated mechanically along a naturally-occurring anatomical plane. This is accomplished by the shearing force generated by the blunt epikeratome. The flap is approximately 53 microns deep. The bed is very smooth, since it is a natural anatomical plane. The surrounding epithelial cells are not harmed. The flap can be repositioned, so the technique yields immediate vision.
S Stands for SuperLASIK and Safety
Superlasik is safer than traditional LASIK because the flap could be discarded and still a new layer will regenerate without any harm. Superlasik also avoids the problems of flap wrinkles, flap dislocation, and interface inflammation seen sometimes with LASIK.
The incidence of pain and discomfort is remarkably less than PRK done in the twentieth century. Post operative corneal haze is not common.
SuperLASIK, Supervision, and Awesome Results
Wavefront technology can be combined with SuperLASIK to give “super-vision.” Sometimes peoples requiring Superlasik have refractive errors beyond the range approved by the FDA. In such cases a skillful, experienced surgeon can use accurate refraction measurements, alignment with variable spot scanning or flying spot technology, with enlarged and blended zones to obtain awesome results. In fact 80 % of patients with lazy eyes (often due to extremely poor vision in one eye) have benefitted from this surgical technology.
It does take 24-48 hours for the flap to get regenerated. The final vision can take longer. Sometimes investing a little time is worth the long term results.
If you have further questions about SUPERLASIK, please contact The Khanna Institute today to schedule a free LASIK screening. We serve patients throughout the Los Angeles area, with offices in Beverly Hills and Westlake Village, California. |
Fire, thunderstorms, hail and a deadly longshore current top the list of Michigan weather events on this day in history. From the National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) archives here are the events that happened on August 27 | Fire, thunderstorms, hail and a deadly longshore current top the list of Michigan weather events on this day in history. From the National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) archives here are the events that happened on August 27.
1896 - Fire broke out in a row of wooden buildings in Sault Ste. Marie, 20 buildings were destroyed.
1948 - A late season heat wave with eight straight days in the 90s at Grand Rapids is underway. Record highs are set at Lansing with 98°, Grand Rapids with 95° and Muskegon with 91°. Other records include Alpena with 94°, Detroit and Flint with 98°, and Sault Ste. Marie with 93°.
1960 - A 63 mph wind gust was observed out of a severe thunderstorm in the early evening 2.8 miles north of Marquette.
1965 - Thunderstorms in Wayne County brought winds of 73 mph at 7:00pm.
1977 - Only two days after setting a record low of 43°, the low temperature at Muskegon is a balmy 74°, a record warm low temperature for the date.
1990 - 2.75 inch hail (baseball sized) fell out of a severe thunderstorm 5.2 miles north of Manistique at 1700 EST.
2004 - Scattered showers and thunderstorms developed over Upper Michigan during the day on the 26th and continued overnight into the 27th. With the approach of a low pressure trough, some of the thunderstorms turned severe during the evening. In Marquette County, one storm dropped golf ball-sized hail just southeast of Harvey. Quarter sized hail (1 inch) was reported in Iron County 9 miles south of Crystal Falls as well as large branches broken off of trees. A weak tornado struck near Sherman City in Isabella County at 6:05 AM. A mobile home was slightly damaged but no one was injured. Click here for a radar loop of the storms on this day. The slideshow on the top has a few severe weather maps for the day.
2010 - An 18-year male Northern Michigan University student from Detroit, MI drowned at Picnic Rocks in Marquette in the evening. South winds gusting over 20 mph produced a strong longshore current which contributed to the drowning death and also caused two other swimmers to go into distress at the same time. |
Launched from its White Knight mothership, the rocket-powered SpaceShipOne and its pilot ascended just beyond the atmosphere, arced through space (but not into orbit), then glided safely back to Earth. The flight lasted 24 minutes | Launched from its White Knight mothership, the rocket-powered SpaceShipOne and its pilot ascended just beyond the atmosphere, arced through space (but not into orbit), then glided safely back to Earth. The flight lasted 24 minutes, with 3 minutes of weightlessness. Its three record-setting flights were:
* 100 kilometers (62 miles) altitude*; Mike Melvill, pilot; June 21, 2004
* 102 kilometers (64 miles) altitude; Mike Melvill, pilot: September 29, 2004
* 112 kilometers (70 miles) altitude; Brian B |
The Righteous Branch
Many prophecies of the Old Testament concur that the future king of the world—that is, the Messiah, or Christ (the Greek term for Messiah)—will be a descendant of David, the first great king of | The Righteous Branch
Many prophecies of the Old Testament concur that the future king of the world—that is, the Messiah, or Christ (the Greek term for Messiah)—will be a descendant of David, the first great king of Israel, who reigned about 1000 B.C. (1 Chron. 17:11-14; Psa. 89; 132; Isa. 9:6-7). Jeremiah called the Messiah a branch of David.
Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth.
Similarly, Isaiah spoke of the Messiah as a branch from the root of Jesse, David's father (Isa. 11:1). Later prophets simplified the image and called Him just the Branch (Jer. 33:15; Zech. 3:8; 6:12; Psa. 132:17, where "bud" is the same word as "Branch" in Jer. 23:5).
Even in much older prophecies, there are glimpses of Christ's ancestry. A student of the Messianic prophecies should view them as an unfolding picture, indefinite at first but giving fuller information in each succeeding revelation.
From the Human Race
God first announced Christ soon after Adam and Eve, the parents of the human race, fell into sin. Satan, the angelic prince whose pride had already made him an enemy of God, had taken the form of a serpent and approached Eve, tempting her to eat luscious forbidden fruit, the fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. This was the only food that God had denied the man and woman when He placed them in the Garden of Eden. But, at Satan's urging, Eve ate the fruit, then persuaded Adam to eat also. Later, when God sought fellowship with Adam and his wife, He found them in hiding, ashamed of their disobedience. He called them to Himself and immediately pronounced judgment on all three wrongdoers—on Adam, Eve, and Satan. He said to Satan,
And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
This decree is known as the Protevangelium, which signifies "first announcement of the gospel." The serpent's seed includes all who follow Satan's path of rebellion against God (John 8:44). The woman's seed is denoted "it," but a more precise translation is "he" (1). Thus, the One who would someday come to battle Satan is an individual man. He would be a man born of woman, a member of the human race. He would Himself suffer injury, but He would crush Satan.
The prophecy foresees Christ's death on a cross to deliver us from the curse of sin and death. We will return to the Protevangelium later to draw out an implication of great significance. Here, it is enough to say that the prophecy clearly specifies that Christ would arise from human lineage.
About two thousand years after Adam and Eve fell into sin, God chose a particular man, Abraham, to be the progenitor of Christ.
1 And it came to pass after these things, that God did tempt Abraham, and said unto him, Abraham: and he said, Behold, here I am.
2 And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of.
3 And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and saddled his ass, and |
If the body’s old cells are constantly being replaced with new cells, why do people get old? In 1956 a brilliant scientist proposed an answer—the Free Radical Theory of Aging. Free radicals are byproducts created when fuel and oxygen are burned | If the body’s old cells are constantly being replaced with new cells, why do people get old? In 1956 a brilliant scientist proposed an answer—the Free Radical Theory of Aging. Free radicals are byproducts created when fuel and oxygen are burned within our cells to make energy. Basically, the free radical is a molecule that lost an electron in the process and is aggressively seeking to replace it. (This is referred to as oxidative stress.) If the electron is not replaced within a certain time, damage is done to the cell and its DNA. The accumulation of this damage ages the cell, as well as the replacement cell created with the damaged DNA. Besides aging, free radical harm is linked to chronic illness like heart disease and cancer.
Nature offers a solution to the free radical problem: Antioxidants in food supply the missing electron. Therefore, the theory posits, a diet rich in antioxidants will slow down the aging process. The ultimate expression of this is the girl who goes to her 50th high school reunion and looks young enough to be the daughter of the other people. They’ll hate you, but what could be more fun?
Natural foods are loaded with antioxidants. There are thousands of types of antioxidants, which suggests they each may have a unique function. The vitamins A (beta-carotene), C, and E are antioxidants. Minerals like selenium are potent antioxidants. Antioxidants have a function in plants also—they protect the plant from sunlight, a little like sunscreen. It is important, therefore, to eat the edible skins of plants. Because much of the mass is skin, the small, colorful berries are packed with antioxidants.
Research indicates that different food groups provide different kinds of antioxidants. Fruits, vegetables a |
The James Howard Collection documents the life of a mining foreman who lived in Guadalajara, Mexico. Most of the papers relate
to Howard’s experience as a foreman at the Amparo Mining Company. The materials, written in both | The James Howard Collection documents the life of a mining foreman who lived in Guadalajara, Mexico. Most of the papers relate
to Howard’s experience as a foreman at the Amparo Mining Company. The materials, written in both English and Spanish, include
blueprints and plans for mining equipment, a large amount of photography from throughout the region, and a personal diary
from Howard. The collection also includes a small amount of biographical material about Howard, including personal correspondence
and a genealogical chart for the Howard clan.
James H. Howard was born in England on January 20, 1868. In 1883 he emigrated from England and came to New York; he then moved
to Texas in 1885, where he worked for the International Mining Company as a timberman. In 1889 Howard moved to Guadalajara,
Mexico, where he settled in the American Colony of Colonia Seattle. Howard took a job working at the Amparo Mining Company
in Bolaños, a mining district north of Guadalajara.
1.4 lin. ft.
(1 archives box and 5 oversize folders)
Collection is open for research. |
On Monday morning, amateur astronomer Dan Petersen was staring at Jupiter through his backyard telescope from Racine, Wisconsin, when he saw something incredible: A bright white flash on the planet's surface.
The unexpected explosion lasted for about two seconds and | On Monday morning, amateur astronomer Dan Petersen was staring at Jupiter through his backyard telescope from Racine, Wisconsin, when he saw something incredible: A bright white flash on the planet's surface.
The unexpected explosion lasted for about two seconds and appeared to be about 100-miles wide, Petersen wrote on the community blog CloudyNights.com.
"My best guess is that it was a small undetected comet that is now history," he added.
Over in Dallas, Texas, another amateur astronomer George Hall happened to capture the flash on video, allowing for further review.
So what do the professionals think?
"Although we don't yet know the size or exact nature of the impactor, based on the flash brightness we expect it is slightly bigger and energetic than the one seen in 2010, which was estimated to be on the order of 10 meters [33 feet] in size," NASA's Amy Simon Miller told National Geographic.
The possible crash adds to the theory that Jupiter acts as an impact shield for Earth, NBC News' Alan Boyle explains:
Astronomers suspect that giant Jupiter's gravitational pull serves as a cosmic shield, sweeping up incoming objects that would have a deadlier effect if they were to slam into our planet. Some scientists say that without Jupiter, life on Earth wouldn't have had much of a chance.
The next step will be to look for black soot marks on Jupiter's cloud tops, which would appear if the planet was hit by an asteroid or meteor.
Watch the video below: |
Few policies have done more to destroy community and opportunity for minorities than eminent domain. Some 3 to 4 million Americans, most of them ethnic minorities, have been forcibly displaced from their homes as a result of urban renewal takings since World War | Few policies have done more to destroy community and opportunity for minorities than eminent domain. Some 3 to 4 million Americans, most of them ethnic minorities, have been forcibly displaced from their homes as a result of urban renewal takings since World War II.
The fact is that eminent-domain abuse is a crucial constitutional rights issue. On Tuesday, the Alabama Advisory Committee of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights will hold a public forum at Birmingham's historic Sixteenth Street Baptist church to address ongoing property seizures in the state. The church was not only a center of early civil rights action, but also, tragically, where four schoolgirls lost their lives in a bombing in 1963.
Current eminent domain horror stories in the South and elsewhere are not hard to find. At this writing, for example, the city of Clarksville, Tenn., is giving itself authority to seize more than 1,000 homes, businesses and churches and then resell much of the land to developers. Many who reside there are black, live on fixed incomes, and own well-maintained Victorian homes.
Eminent domain has always had an outsized impact on the constitutional rights of minorities, but most of the public didn't notice until the U.S. Supreme Court's 2005 ruling in Kelo v. City of New London. In Kelo, the Court endorsed the power of a local |
If you missed the other articles in this series please go read:
- An Introduction to Wireless Networking (Part 1) - 802.11 Overview
- An Introduction to Wireless Networking (Part 3) - Security, General Tips and Tricks | If you missed the other articles in this series please go read:
- An Introduction to Wireless Networking (Part 1) - 802.11 Overview
- An Introduction to Wireless Networking (Part 3) - Security, General Tips and Tricks
Windows 2003 and Wireless Networking
Through its improved security and performance features, Windows 2003 makes usability and deployment of wireless local area network services easier. Such features include authentication, authorization and automatic key management.
IAS (Internet Authentication Service)
An improved feature in Windows 2003 is the Internet Authentication Service which takes over from RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) found in Windows 2000. It performs centralized account management, authorization and authentication for many types of networks, including wireless. IAS uses the authentication protocols within PPP to authenticate users. These include the CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) and the Microsoft version, MS-CHAP. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is another method of authentication which is used for smart cards, certificates and one-time passwords.
The kind of hardware you would need to setup a wireless network depends on what the scale of the network will be. However you will almost certainly always need an access point and a wireless network interface card. If you want to setup a temporary network between two computers then two wireless NIC cards are enough. If you wish to share a broadband internet connection then speeds of a 512k and above are required. Lower bandwidth will work but only result in slower or unacceptable performance.
This piece of hardware acts as a bridge between the wired network and wireless devices. It allows multiple devices to connect through it to gain access to the network. An AP can also act as a router; a means by which the data transmission can be extended and passed from one access point to another.
Fig. 1: an example of an access point
Wireless Network Card
A wireless network card is required on each device on a wireless network. A laptop usually has an expansion (PCMCIA) slot which the network card would fit in to. A desktop computer would need an internal card – which will usually have a small antenna or an external antenna on it. These antennas are optional on most equipment and they help to increase the signal on the card.
Fig. 2: an example of a wireless network card (NIC)
Other than this you would obviously need a desktop computer or laptop to which this hardware would be attached.
Wireless Network Setup
There are two types of wireless network types. These will be explained below.
Also referred to as a “hosted” or “managed” wireless network – it consists of one or more access points (know as gateways or wireless routers) being connected to an existed network. This will allow wireless devices to make use of resources on the network such as printers and the Internet.
Also referred to as an “unmanaged” or “peer to peer” wireless network – it consists of each device connecting directly to each other. This will allow someone sitting outside in the garden with a laptop to communicate with his desktop computer in the house and access the Internet, for example.
Once you have acquired the necessary wireless networking hardware then the next step is to connect it all together to form a network and allow each device to communicate. The instructions below will act as basic guidelines of what needs to be done.
Note: Before you carry out any kind of installation, make sure you have the latest information and drivers from the hardware vendor.
You should keep these considerations in mind:
- the distance between each computer should be below 100 metres
- each computer should be on the same floor
- using the same vendor for the network card and access point will have it’s advantages and disadvantages (compare and contrast the options available to you when it comes to purchasing the hardware).
Having said this, it is possible for these conditions to be stretched and the network still to work well, but this depends on the environment and is different for each situation.
For this type of installation I will assume that you already have a wired network set up and that the wireless network will be implemented so that wireless devices (i.e.: laptop) can join the existing network.
- Plug the access point into the power outlet and existing Ethernet jack on the network
- Configure the access point (usually via a web browser) to been seen by your existing network – this will differ depending on the brand of your access point
- Configure the client computers with the appropriate network settings required to be able to communicate with the access point.
Refer to the user manual of your hardware for the exact settings. If you |
They are the deadliest animals on Earth, and female mosquitoes can have more than 20 million offspring. We are talking about mosquitoes, of course! They are pests, but do they seem to love you more than... everyone else? It's often | They are the deadliest animals on Earth, and female mosquitoes can have more than 20 million offspring. We are talking about mosquitoes, of course! They are pests, but do they seem to love you more than... everyone else? It's often been said that some people have "sweet" blood, which attracts mosquitoes.
While that's not 100% true, parts of the theory are. We talked to a Notre Dame professor who is an expert on this subject.
"Our individual component is based on our own particular odor. A lot of that is based on different bacteria that is associated with out skin. You may be a very good attractant to mosquitoes or you may not be," says Dave Severson, a biology professor at the University of Notre Dame.
Another old saying: eating garlic is a natural repellant. Is this true? Well, not for mosquitoes, but it may help repel other people. Studies show there is no correlation between consuming food and repelling mosquitoes, except for consuming alcohol. This actually significantly attracts the bugs, for reasons that are unknown to scientists.
Another common misunderstanding of mosquitoes is that they can transmit HIV. While they DO carry diseases such as West Nile, Malaria and Yellow Fever, HIV is not one of them.
"If you look at the HIV problem around the planet," says Severson, "if mosquitoes were able to transmit that, it would be much much worse if you think about it. That's something people do not need to worry about."
How about this one: wearing light colored clothing can help repel mosquitoes. The answer... yes! This is true!
"It's evolution. They have acquired the capacity to associate a host with dark colors. Think about it, they have had a long history of biting animals and humans, so you have a lot of things that they would be attracted to are dark colored organisms."
Some other mosquito facts: there are 175 species in North America with 30 of them carrying diseases. Only female mosquitoes bite, males feed on plant juices. Many mosquitoes don't die off in the winter, they survive as eggs or larva. A mild winter or early spring means more mosquitoes. Finally, DEET repellant is NOT dangerous.
Here are some other mosquito facts:
1 female can have up to 20 million offspring.
175 species of mosquitoes in N America, 30 disease carrying (West Nile, Malaria, Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Encephalitis)
--West Nile is extremely rare in comparison to the amount of mosquitoes there are.
--Spraying pesticides will not stop West Nile.
--It's often been rumored that only people with poor health or young kids need to worry about West Nile. This is incorrect. EVERYONE is susceptible to West Nile.
--The best prevention of mosquitoes is using repellant with DEET.
--It's often been rumored that rubbing dryer sheets on your arms and legs will help prevent mosquitoes. This is not true. |
It is unfortunately true that many people out there are interested in scamming you. They want to get any information they can about you no matter what it takes. With this personal information in hand, they can quickly and easily steal from you and use | It is unfortunately true that many people out there are interested in scamming you. They want to get any information they can about you no matter what it takes. With this personal information in hand, they can quickly and easily steal from you and use your identity for things that you did not give permission to do.
Email phishing is one way in which criminals like to try to steal information. It is the process of setting up something that looks official and realistic in order to have someone online hand over their email account. Since an email account is Read & Comment ›››
Anti-virus software is an important part of keeping a safe computer in this day and age. Viruses are all over the Internet, just waiting for you to click to wrong link and infect your network. With Anti-virus software, you can protect yourself and your network from harmful viruses that can steal your personal information and slow down your computer.
Most Anti-virus programs allow you to scan your computer to see if you are already infected with a virus. It is recommended that you use multiple Read & Comment ›››
Using an Internet service to browse websites can be entertaining and educational, but safe browsing methods must be used to avoid serious risks.
Wireless Internet users are often the most susceptible to accessing dangerous links and websites that could lead to malware or even identity theft. Learn how to spot these links and websites in order to avoid the risks of unsafe surfing.
Use a risk-analysis tool
There are online options and software packages that offer the benefit of analyzing a website address before a person clicks on the link. If the website that is linked is found to have any risk factors associated with it, the analysis tool will alert users to this risk.
Some browsers and virus protection services offer automatic risk analysis that shows up in search results alongside each listing. This convenient features alerts users without requiring the user to remember to utilize the service.
Use caution with these categories
Information about websites that are most likely to be infected with malware can alert users to when they will need to be most cautious about proceeding to a website.
Personal blogs have a high malware rate at 20 percent, and owners of these websites are typically not aware of the presence of malware. Other personal websites are also commonly infected because of the lack of security used on these types of sites.
Look to reputation of the website
The reputation of a website can clue an Internet user in when it comes to safety. Web of Trust (WOT) is a website that collects data related to the safety of websites in order to provide users with information that is often incorrectly conveyed by automatic virus scanners.
Remember that these safety tips also apply to on-the-go access such as the 4G Internet services available from CLEAR Internet. Mobile devices are able to use 4g wireless internet from a variety of Internet service providers, and opting for an on-the-go Internet service that is personal and secure can help keep users safe.
A virus is something that can ruin your computer and steal all of your personal information. Installing an antivirus on your computer is one of the best things that you can do to protect against viruses. However, it is important to note that there are some antiviruses that are far more effective than others. The Bitdefender Antivirus Plus has been voted the best antivirus of 2013. It has received a 9.58 rating out of a possible 10. Not only is this antivirus very effective, but it is also very affordable. You can get this antivirus for just 29.95. The Bitdefender Antivirus Plus Read & Comment ›››
Spam is really annoying. You open up your email and except to see a cheery letter from a friend, and instead, you are greeted with these garbage emails! One major marker of spam is an email address that you do not recognize at all. Check for misspellings in the subject line or very strong advertisements that come across as quite pushy. Now, opening the email to check for more details is not advisable because it could contain viruses. However, if you feel it’s safe to open, Read & Comment ›››
Children are by nature curious. They want to examine everything they can get their hands on, including computers. There is content on the Internet that children should not be exposed to, and there are ways that you can keep them from viewing it.
The first thing that you need to do when you bring a computer into the home is explain what the computer is to be used for. Tell everyone in the family who can and cannot use it. Read & Comment ›››
During the holiday season, many shoppers take their business to the computer to avoid long lines at the stores. Online shopping is convenient and easy, but also a haven for scams. Read on for how to shop securely online.
1. Get antivirus software
Don’t even think about browsing, much less shopping, until you install one of these programs. Get it, run it, and update often.
2. Identify Spam
Each year, millions of people become a victim of a cybercrime. Fortunately, there are a number of things that you can do to stay safe while you are shopping online. Even if an unfamiliar site promises you that you can save a lot of money, you want to avoid shopping on it. An unfamiliar site could potentially contain a virus, and that could make it very easy for your credit card information to get stolen.
You also want to make sure that you avoid Read & Comment ››› |
Teachers at Work
A column about teaching
How Letter-Writing Can Empower Students
In my column "The Dead Letter Classroom," I argued that we needed to be teaching students how to write letters. In this piece, I'm going to | Teachers at Work
A column about teaching
How Letter-Writing Can Empower Students
In my column "The Dead Letter Classroom," I argued that we needed to be teaching students how to write letters. In this piece, I'm going to tell you specifically how I do it and how I use letters to teach English skills in a timely, relevant manner.
I will always maintain that we do our students a disservice if we don't teach them how to communicate using the written word. Letters are not only a way to gain what we want, but they are also a way to spread cheer and kindness. Just because that letter may nowadays be more often found in the body of an email doesn't mean that letters have lost their luster. It simply means that if you send one snail mail, you really care enough to go the extra step.
Last May, as my final unit for my ninth grade English I students, I collaborated with the school librarian in order to take my letter assignment to the next level. Instead of just writing a letter for any old reason, this time, with her help, I added a research and Internet literacy component to the project.
My students had been conducting research all year, but this time, they weren't researching on my topic, but theirs. Here's how the assignment went:
- First, we told them they'd be writing letters to a public person/official on a topic of their choice. It could be any public official. Some wrote the high school principal. Some wrote to the athletic director. Some chose the school superintendent. Many wrote the state governor. Others wrote the president. Some wrote the NFL commissioner. This person was the audience for the letter. Like the eternal chicken and the egg debate, for some students the topic came first and then the official, and for others the official came first and then the topic. Topics ranged from opinions on the NFL lockout to why our school district should build a swimming pool instead of renting the community recreation center.
- Second, they had to research what they wanted to write about. This actually took several class periods. Whatever the topic and whatever the writer's position, the supporting arguments required at least three sources. These sources could be from books, magazines, online database articles, etc. The students not only took notes, but they also had to evaluate each source as to bias, and for Internet sources, whether or not the website was reliable as a source of information.
- Third, after they had evaluated their resources and their notes, they wrote a persuasive letter incorporating the facts and statistics and arguments they'd found.
- Finally, the last step was to revise, proof and edit, and then to print, sign and mail the letter. This involved my help as a writing coach well as peer editing. The goal is not to send shoddy letters with mistakes in them.
I requested that students bring in stamps and envelopes. For those who didn't, I gathered all the common ones together, tossed them in a big 9x12 manila envelope, created a mailing label and stuck the envelope in the school's unstamped, outgoing mail. The singletons I sent using my own stamps.
While the librarian and I might tweak some of our directions before next time (she wanted a bibliography and I forgot to add it to the scoring guide so that became a scramble), overall the project was a success. We had 100 percent participation; even those students who were unfortunately looking at attending summer school still wanted to write letters and mail them.
Writing letters gave my students a feeling of empowerment. The process taught them that they could express their thoughts in a relevant, real-world way. The fact that they could choose their topic and then support it showed them that they could create and write successful arguments. The fact that they'd researched their position and found the supporting statistics or anecdotes made them realize that what they had to say was important, and that if they followed a process, their voices could be heard.
I found it important not to censor or curtail their topics. All I required from them was that whatever they chose, they had to support it with strong arguments that showed critical thinking skills. The best way to put it — I told them that I didn't want them saying pot should be legalized so they could smoke it. If they wanted to legalize pot they needed arguments that went along the lines that it would reduce crime, eliminate the Mexican cartels, or something else that required a basis in statistical argument. They had to have a strong foundation, not just a personal opinion.
For example, that student who wanted a swimming pool? He argued that we were the only school district in our conference without one, putting our swimmers at a disadvantage, as we couldn't practice as long because all three of our high schoo |
Paste an Exact Match
Do you often use the same formula in multiple places in your MS Excel worksheets? I’m talking about the exact same formula. You know, no cell reference changes on the paste.
If so, have you ever tried to | Paste an Exact Match
Do you often use the same formula in multiple places in your MS Excel worksheets? I’m talking about the exact same formula. You know, no cell reference changes on the paste.
If so, have you ever tried to copy that formula from one cell to another?
Yeah, I know, all the cell references change in the pasted version relative to its new location. Not what you were hoping to accomplish, huh?
Looking for a method you can use to copy and paste the formula, without the cell references changing?
While I’m positive most people have different solutions to this dilemma, I have one to suggest that may not be on your list of tricks.
- First, instead of simply selecting the cell, you need to actually select the contents of the cell. You can do that by either using the F2 key to put the cursor into the cell and then highlight the formula or you can go directly to the formula bar and highlight it there.
- Once you have the formula highlighted, you can copy it as usual.
- Now, hit the Enter or Esc key. (This step is important, because it tells Excel you’re done with the contents of the cell. Simply clicking elsewhere will make Excel think you’re still editing the contents of the original cell).
- To finish, move to the new location and complete the paste.
Voila! The formula is pasted without any changes.
Don’t you just love it when things go your way?! |
An input stream for reading from a file.
Files are always opened in binary mode, a text mode with CR-LF translation is not supported. Thus, the file is always opened as if the std::ios::binary flag was specified. Use | An input stream for reading from a file.
Files are always opened in binary mode, a text mode with CR-LF translation is not supported. Thus, the file is always opened as if the std::ios::binary flag was specified. Use an InputLineEndingConverter if you require CR-LF translation.
On Windows platforms, if POCO_WIN32_UTF8 is #define'd, UTF-8 encoded Unicode paths are correctly handled.
Direct Base Classes: FileIOS, std::istream
All Base Classes: FileIOS, std::ios, std::istream
Creates an unopened FileInputStream.
const std::string & path,
std::ios::openmode mode = std::ios::in
Creates the FileInputStream for the file given by path, using the given mode.
The std::ios::in flag is always set, regardless of the actual value specified for mode.
Throws a FileNotFoundException (or a similar exception) if the file does not exist or is not accessible for other reasons.
Destroys the stream. |
Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
Print version ISSN 0038-223X
Due to increasing concerns of global rare earth element shortfalls in the near future, possible alternative sources of rare earth elements have recently become | Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
Print version ISSN 0038-223X
Due to increasing concerns of global rare earth element shortfalls in the near future, possible alternative sources of rare earth elements have recently become of economic interest. One such alternative is decanting acid mine water originating primarily from abandoned old mines in the Witwatersrand region of the Republic of South Africa. In this study, a novel way of rare earth element removal from the acid mine drainage was employed, making use of bentonite clay, which has very good adsorbent properties, as a rare earth element carrier material. The process can be economically viable only, if the elements can be selectively removed from the bentonite clay carrier material so as to yield reusable clay. Acid leaching was proposed to liberate the adsorbed rare earth elements from the bentonite clay. Accordingly, acid leaching experiments were performed to study the desorption of three commonly-found rare earth elements, namely neodymium, samarium, and dysprosium, from bentonite clay in the presence of sulphuric and hydrochloric acid. It was established that the three rare earth element species could be selectively removed as |
One of these men is genius to the other
And so of these, which is the natural man
And which the spirit? Who deciphers them? --A Comedy of Errors
Critics have dismissed The Comedy of Errors as the shortest and | One of these men is genius to the other
And so of these, which is the natural man
And which the spirit? Who deciphers them? --A Comedy of Errors
Critics have dismissed The Comedy of Errors as the shortest and slightest of Shakespeare's works; a silly product of his youth; a piece of fluff unworthy of serious consideration. It is ironic critics should have seen nothing in this profoundly esoteric play, but it is understandable. Since the dramatist holds the mirror up to nature, if there is nothing in the minds the mirror is held up to, nothing is reflected back.
In a previous essay I showed there was an Orphic allegory in Twelfth Night. In the present essay I will show there is an Orphic allegory in The Comedy of Errors. The Comedy of Errors was performed during the 1594 Christmas season at Gray's Inn. Twelfth Night was performed at Middle Temple during the Christmas season of 1602. The reason the Orphic allegory is present in both is somewhat of a puzzle. The solution throws light both on the play and on the author of the play. Why did the author of these plays deem it apropos that plays linked to Orpheus be performed during the Christmas season?
Referring to the secret of warfare, Patton quoted a Frenchman who said, "'l'audace, encore de l'audace, toujours de l'audace." The author of the Shakespeare plays was also fighting a war a war against ignorance. I can only marvel at his audacity. Some of the people present at the performance of the play were Queen Elizabeth, The Lord Keeper, The Earls of Shrewsbury, Cumberland, Northumberland, Southampton, and Essex; the Lords Buckhurst, Windsor, Mountjoy, Sheffield, Compton, Rich, Burleigh, Mounteagle, Sir Thomas Howard, Sir Thomas Heneage, and Sir Robert Cecil. There were learned people presence. There were also enemies of Francis Bacon present. Some of the people present belonged to both categories. If they had understood why it was apropos that this particular play be performed during the Christmas season it could have meant not only certain death for the author, but a most agonizing death at that. This was before the name "Shakespeare" appeared on any of the plays. Nevertheless, Francis Bacon was in charge of the revels at Gray's Inn. An investigation would inevitably have led back to him.
It is highly significant that the play only appeared in print with the publication of the 1623, First Folio edition of the collected works of William Shakespeare. The allegory would have been much more readily discernible in a printed version. By the time the play appeared in print in 1623 the putative author was seven years dead, and the back trail was a dead end.
Back to our burning question: Why did Francis Bacon (the real author of the two plays) feel plays connected to Orpheus apropos for a Christmas celebration? Actually the matter would not have caused Bacon to be burned. That horrible example of man's inhumanity to man, flew under the banner of "most favored execution method " for the Catholics who, as pious Christians, were careful to heed the Biblical injunction that, "Thou shalt not spill thy brother's blood". But their counterparts in England, the Protestants, also pious Christians, had their own method of execution which endeavored in its own modest way, to be just as agonizing.
The reason The Comedy of Errors, and Twelfth Night were apropos for the Christmas season, was because the Christmas season, centering around the birth of Christ, was intimately connected with the origin of Christianity, and the Orphic religion was also intimately connected with the origin of Christianity. Whatever the facts, if any, about Jesus Christ, the truth is that while the Orphic religion predated him by at least a thousand years, much of his story, and the theology based on his story, can be found in the Orphic theology. Add the sun-god mythology to the mix, and you've got the whole ball of wax. Christians like to call the Christ story the Greatest Story Ever Told. They might do better to call it the Greatest Story Ever Retold, or maybe, the greatest story ever sold. The Christian doctrine of original sin comes straight from this source.
The annual commemoration among the Christians at Easter of the passion and resurrection of Jesus is based on the observances of the Orphics. The Orphics worshipped the infant god Dionysus, the son of Zeus by a mortal woman named Semele. Hera, the wife of Zeus, incensed by her husband's infidelity, sent the Titans to kill the infant Dionysus.After they killed him they devoured his body. Certainly a strange idea, but, if I may coin a phrase, not too m |
Lemurs are unique in that they are found only on Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa. Only 35 remain of over 50 known species today, including Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) which are | Lemurs are unique in that they are found only on Madagascar, an island off the coast of Africa. Only 35 remain of over 50 known species today, including Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) which are found mostly in the arid south and southwest of the island.
Cat-sized with dense grey fur, white underparts, a black face mask and an extravagant, boldly hooped black and white tail, the Ring-tailed lemur is the most instantly recognisable of all lemurs.
Lemurs are very agile and can move from branch to branch very easily using their long tails for balance. They are capable of jumping several meters from one tree to another, using their very muscular back legs to push off the tree. Ring Tailed lemurs are the only species of lemu |
I love it when people share their bird observations! There is so much we don’t understand about the bird world and when you study and raise questions about bird displays, it’s the first step toward learning more.
Like humans, birds communicate through sound | I love it when people share their bird observations! There is so much we don’t understand about the bird world and when you study and raise questions about bird displays, it’s the first step toward learning more.
Like humans, birds communicate through sound and gestures. In the spring bluebird family groups break up and previously unattached males and females move to new territories. The young will move from the parental territories eventually to another location before choosing a mate. This is called natal dispersal and reduces the chances of inbreeding.
Older birds can quickly re-establish their connection and begin nesting as soon as the weather permits. Young birds at the beginning of nesting season start singing loudly from tree tops to attract a mate and announce his presence to neighboring males.
Once he attracts a female, the songs become quieter and used more as a communication between pairs. You may also observe different visual displays. The wing-wave is where a bird sort of twitters his wings like a baby bird to get a females attention, usually near a nestbox. They also use a lopsided flight or hover flight to show off a potential nesting site.
Nest building can begin immediately or not. They may check out several sites or even begin to nest and then stop. Many factors are involved in nest building like competition from other birds, weather, loss of a mate or just a feeling of security.
However your male sounds like he got stuck in the first phase of establishing a territory. When he sees his reflection in the window, he thinks it looks like another bird just his size trying to steal his territory. His aggressive behavior is stimulated and he tries to scare away the interloper. With his increased testosterone, batting against the window and guarding the food source becomes his focus instead of wooing a female.
Some tips to encourage the bird to begin looking for a mate again:
• Cover the window with screens
• Shut the blinds on your windows when you are not at home and at night.
• Rub the window with a bar of soap or liquid soap to decrease the reflection.
• Float shiny mylar balloons or Flutter Scare tape.* Anything that moves and repels the bird from that area will be effective.
• Post a hawk silhouette outside a window.* Hawks prey on birds, so their images will keep birds from flying towards your window.
• Install a window feeder.* This breaks the reflection and other birds interrupt the birds battles with himself.
*Available at Wild Birds Unlimited – East Lansing, Michigan |
Oct. 16, 2005 From this week, researchers worldwide can follow the flow of
rivers and height of lakes across the African continent from the
comfort of their desks. A new web-based demonstration launched to
coincide | Oct. 16, 2005 From this week, researchers worldwide can follow the flow of
rivers and height of lakes across the African continent from the
comfort of their desks. A new web-based demonstration launched to
coincide with this week's TIGER Workshop makes Envisat-derived
altimetry data for African inland water freely available in near-real
Envisat's Radar Altimeter-2 (RA-2) sensor fires around 1800 radar pulses a second down to the surface of the Earth, then measures very precisely how long it takes for those pulses to bounce back. This travel time can be used to calculate the height of the Earth's oceans, ice masses, land surfaces, and also – thanks to a sophisticated algorithm developed by the UK's De Montfort University (DMU) in Leicester under ESA contract – previously elusive results for rivers and lakes on land.
The effort to develop the River and
Lake product was led by Professor Philippa Berry of DMU's Earth and
Planetary Remote Sensing Laboratory: "Monitoring of water resources is
vital over Africa, to enable best use of this precious commodity. Until
now reliable information has been difficult to access because of the
high cost in equipment, manpower and communications, and because it is
difficult to obtain these precious hydrological data from many
"However heights of inland water can now be measured directly from space using radar altimeters, currently carried on several satellites and originally designed to measure ocean height. This is a very exciting development which has the potential to transform the management of drought crises and water-related conflict around the world.
"Whilst data from a few selected large lakes
has been available previously, the combination of DMU's sophisticated
processing scheme and the unique design of the Envisat altimeter have
for the first time allowed near-real time measurements to be made over
lakes and major rivers across Africa.
"The new system identified that part of each surface echo originating from inland water, enabling measurement of much smaller targets than has previously been possible. This, combined with the altimeter's capability to return good data even in rough terrain, means that we can provide much more accurate and up-to-date water level information than has ever been possible before."
The demonstration website is being launched at this week's ESA TIGER Workshop at ESRIN, the European Centre for Earth Observation in Frascati in Rome. Starting 3 October, this four-day event involves more than 200 African organisations from 31 countries, and aims to apply Earth Observation technologies in support of integrated water resource management.
"The information will be released using a web-based delivery service hosted at ESRIN," |
Two years ago, Ocean Renewable Power Company (ORPC) demonstrated that its tidal energy concept works. Now, the Cobscock Bay Tidal Energy Project is providing power to the grid for the Bangor Hydro Electric Company in Maine – and | Two years ago, Ocean Renewable Power Company (ORPC) demonstrated that its tidal energy concept works. Now, the Cobscock Bay Tidal Energy Project is providing power to the grid for the Bangor Hydro Electric Company in Maine – and it's a first.
While it's a relatively small project in terms of power produced, it is the first ocean energy project (including offshore wind, wave and tidal) of any kind to feed electricity to a U.S. electric grid.
The first ORPC TidGen™ device peaks at 180 kilowatts and will provide enough energy annually to power 25 to 30 homes. Two more of the devices will be operational in the fall of 2013, and the three of them will be able to provide power to 75 to 100 homes. The company said in an earlier announcement that it plans to expand the project to 1,000 homes and businesses in the future.
"Bangor Hydro is pleased to have played a critical role in this achievement by building the interconnection to get this energy to the power grid," said Gerry Chasse, the utility's president and COO. "ORPC's project
is instrumental in developing a technology that will help the state of Maine reach its goals related to fossil fuel dependency."
According to an ORPC news release, Henry Jeffrey of the UK Energy Research Centre in Edinburgh, Scotland, described the project as a "very exciting milestone for investors in this new asset class."
The tidal energy project has received funding from DOE, the Maine Technology Institute and private investors.
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Country's largest biomass plant online, commercial tidal energy coming soon |
A reminder: these are not notes for preparing a Sunday School lesson—though they may help a person do that. They are notes for studying the chapters assigned for reading.
Arthur Bassett has pointed out these parallels between Elisha, on the | A reminder: these are not notes for preparing a Sunday School lesson—though they may help a person do that. They are notes for studying the chapters assigned for reading.
Arthur Bassett has pointed out these parallels between Elisha, on the one hand, and Moses and Christ, on the other. (All scripture references are to 2 Kings).
Elisha parts the water [2:14] (as Moses parted the sea and Joshua and Elijah parted the Jordan)—Jesus parts the heavens at the time of his baptism in the same Jordan.
He supplies water [2:19-22] (as had Moses)—Christ presents himself as the living water.
Waters appear to be blood [3:21-23] (as Moses had changed the river to blood)—Jesus turns water into wine.
He provides a never-ending supply of oil [an essential ingredient in bread, the staple food] for a widow [4:1-7] (as did Elijah)—Jesus provides a never-ending supply of the bread of life.
He restores life to a child [4:18-37] (as had Elijah)—Jesus does the same for two.
He renders poison harmless [4:38-41] (as had Moses with the snakes)—Jesus atones for the poisonous effect of sin in our lives.
He feeds a multitude with twenty loaves [4:42-44]—the Savior feeds the 5,000.
He heals a leper [5:1-14]—Christ heals ten lepers.
He defies gravity by causing an ax head to float [6:1-7]—Jesus defies gravity by walking on water and ascending bodily into the heavens.
He blinds his enemies who come searching for his life [6:18-20]—the Savior walks unseen through the crowds at Capernaum.
Though not strictly in the realm of miracles, Elisha forgives his enemies and those who persecute him [6:22-23]—Jesus does the same on the cross.
Upon coming into contact with Elisha’s bones, a man returns from the dead after his burial [13:20-21]—the Savior raises Lazarus and himself from the death.
Are these genuine parallels? If so, why are there so many parallels between Elisha’s life and the life of the Savior? If not, do you think that there are genuine parallels between ancient events and later ones? Why or why not? If there are, what might those parallels teach us? In other words, what would the point of such parallels be?
Verses 1-10: Why tell us several times in a few verses that the sons of the prophets (which probably means “the students of the prophets”) in various places knew that the Lord would take Elijah on this day? Why did Elijah keep suggesting that Elisha stay behind (verses 2, 4, and 6)? Is there any reason that Elijah might not want Elisha to see his translation from the earth? Elisha asks for the blessing of a double portion, in other words, the blessing of the first-born (verse 9; see Deuteronomy 21:17). In Israelite culture, why should a first-born son receive a double portion? What responsibilities does the first-born have? Does understanding that help us understand what Elijah is asking for? In what sense is Elisha Elijah’s son? Why is what Elisha asks “a hard thing”? So what?
Verses 11-12: Why does verse 12 begin, “And Elisha saw it”? Why do you think the Lord sent the fiery horses and chariot to separate Elijah from Elisha? Why does Elisha cry out what he does? Why did Elisha tear his clothing in two?
Verses 13-14: Why does Elisha repeat Elijah’s act of parting the waters of the Jordan? After doing so why does he ask “Where is the Lord God of Elijah?” Having just witnessed the Lord’s power, it is unlikely that he is asking for information or expressing doubt. So, what is the point of his question?
Verses 15-18: What are the sons of the prophets asking Elisha to do? Why? Why did their urging make Elisha ashamed?
Verses 19-22: Does this miracle repeat anything we saw Moses do in the wilderness with the children of Israel? Can we understand this as a miracle that prefigures Christ, the Living Water, with the salt representing tears? Why or why not? Would ancient Israelites have understood such prefiguring? What do they show us?
Verses 23-25: This is one of those difficult Bible passages where there is so much distance between ancient times and our own that it is very hard to know what is going on. Some time ago there was a rel |
Disaster Balloons can Be Used to Keep Communication Intact During Calamities
A US based inventor has proposed a balloon based communication system that will automatically inflate and launch whenever a natural disaster strikes or seems imminent.
Communication systems are always vulnerable | Disaster Balloons can Be Used to Keep Communication Intact During Calamities
A US based inventor has proposed a balloon based communication system that will automatically inflate and launch whenever a natural disaster strikes or seems imminent.
Communication systems are always vulnerable to natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes or volcanic eruptions. As su...
Nephrologists Reassess Disaster Response Strategies
... Health services during natural disasters have been in the spotlight especially after recent calamities
like the hurricane Katrina. According to kidney specialists, well planned crisis management strategies are need of the hour, so that patients with en...
World Environment Day (International Polar Year)
...In a summary of volume 1 of the Fourth Assessment Report submitted on February 2, 2007, the IPCC has stated that increase in the strength of natural calamities
like hurricanes and cyclones since the 70's "more likely than not can be attributed to man-made global warming."
On the melting of the pola...
Pakistan and UN Agree On New Quake Recovery Plan
...er and sanitation system, skill training, teachers training programme and provision of adequate training reconstruction of houses destroyed by natural calamities
would form a part of the new plan.
The estimated budget needed for implementation of the reconstruction programme has been projected to be of the...
Female Foetus Can Survive More Stress
... The weaker male foetus can easily be destroyed by the stress that is caused by disasters like earthquakes and other natural calamities
including severe famine.// The ones that manage to survive will have a longer life than average, according to a study conducted by researchers belongi...
Stress response increases suicide risk
...stress may cause significant problems including suicidal impulse |
Commentators have castigated the Obama administration for not demanding the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak and the institution of democratic elections. Yet this 'passivity' may not be a function of support for Mubarak’s dictatorship but rather a | Commentators have castigated the Obama administration for not demanding the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak and the institution of democratic elections. Yet this 'passivity' may not be a function of support for Mubarak’s dictatorship but rather a desire to retain the Egyptian military as a reliable partner throughout rapidly changing political circumstances.
Every human soul has the right to freedom of expression, an economic livelihood, and security from physical abuse – rights that Egypt has denied her people for too long. Unprecedented mass protests in Cairo, Alexandria, and Suez over the past week provide room for optimism, yet commentators should not force Egypt to be a living test case for academic theory or democratic activism. It’s time to take stock of what we might reasonably expect in Egypt and what we should not.
There is no doubt that the demonstrations were – and continue to be – a truly remarkable event. Throughout Egyptian history, the major drivers of political change have not been shopkeepers, laborers, or middle-class professionals but imperial personalities, Western powers, and military rulers.
In the early 19th century, it was the Albanian-born Ottoman governor, Muhammad Ali, who secured Egypt effective autonomy from Istanbul and declared himself Khedive. For another century, the only effective challenge to the power of his successors came from Europe, which assumed control over the country’s finances, established a parallel system of law for foreigners, and banned the use of the kourbash (a whip made of hippopotamus hide) on seasonal laborers conscripted to dig mud from irrigation canals with their bare hands. In July 1952, a group of mid-level military officers led by Gamal Abdel Nasser orchestrated a successful, top-down coup with little popular support. As repression, successive economic crises, and an unpopular peace treaty with Israel tarnished the regime, citizens never took to the streets en masse, held in check by massive state patronage and a heavy-handed state security apparatus.
Page 1 of 6 |
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The biodiesel crew demonstrate how they make biofuel (Michael Friedman).
MF: The processor is a water heater. It heats the oil to 130° F. Then we add methanol and potassium hydrox | page 2 of 2
The biodiesel crew demonstrate how they make biofuel (Michael Friedman).
MF: The processor is a water heater. It heats the oil to 130° F. Then we add methanol and potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. A pipe system comes out of the bottom of the processor and goes back in through the top. When we turn on the processor, it heats the oil and mixes it with the chemicals. The sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide acts as a catalyst, breaking the vegetable oil into its component parts: glycerin and three fatty acids. Then one methanol molecule attaches to each of the fatty acids, producing three biodiesel molecules. The glycerin settles to the bottom of the tank, and we pump it out. Because the proportions are never exactly right, there is always some catalyst, methanol, and other schmutz left in the biodiesel. To get rid of that, we pump it into a 50-gallon wash tank and use a garden hose to mist water over it. The water attac |
12 NATURAL BOUNDARIES
Boundaries present themselves
in one of two forms, either as natural or artificial boundaries. Natural
boundaries are ambulatory in nature and the doctrine of accretion asserts
that they may move in | 12 NATURAL BOUNDARIES
Boundaries present themselves
in one of two forms, either as natural or artificial boundaries. Natural
boundaries are ambulatory in nature and the doctrine of accretion asserts
that they may move in position providing that change is imperceptible
Natural boundaries are those
evidenced by naturally occurring phenomena such as the seacoast, inland
waters and mountain ranges. The most common natural boundaries dealt with
by surveyors in South Australia are defined by the mean high water mark
(MHWM), or the centre line or banks of streams. Surveyors also deal with
boundaries created parallel to natural boundaries (150 link reserves);
such boundaries are generally not ambulatory.
Water boundaries are classified
as being either riparian (streams) or littoral (shores, that is lakes
or the sea and its inlets). It should be noted that the term riparian
is commonly used to include littoral boundaries; unless otherwise specified
this section shall do the same.
In South Australia disputes
over riparian rights are rare as there is a relatively small proportion
of land parcels with natural boundaries, due to the lack of substantial
watercourses and fresh water lakes.
sections 12 and 19 for natural boundary plan requirements.
This section refers to some
legislation relevant to the ownership of the seabed and the bed of the
River Murray. As there is no specific legislation relating to the surveying
of natural boundaries the following common law rulings and discussion
has been presented to assist understanding.
BOUNDARY DEFINITIONS AND PRINCIPLES
Mean High Water Mark
v Chambers is the precedent generally adopted for the extent of
parcels bounded by tidal waters. This case was to resolve the question
of the landward extent of the Crown's right to the seashore.
While this judgement confirmed the extent as MHWM (also known as medium
high water mark or ordinary high water mark, OHMW) it was somewhat imprecise
in defining MHWM. The judgement refers to:
point of the shore therefore is about four days in every week, i.e.,
for the most part of the year, reached and covered by the tides.
average of these medium tides in each quarter of a lunar revolution
during the year...
line of the medium high tide between the springs and the neaps. All
land below that line is more often than not covered at high water, and
so may justly be said, in the language of Lord Hale, to be covered by
the ordinary flux of the sea. This cannot be said of any land above
on this case has come from the Crown Solicitor (DL 3533/1967):
misunderstanding has subsequently arisen from the Lord Chancellor's
reference to "the medium high tide between the springs and the
neaps". The words underlined are descriptive only and are not,
in my view, juristically definitive: they could, without changing the
meaning of the passage in which they occur, have been omitted. The highwater
mark of the ordinary tides, not the average of spring
and neap tides, fixes the boundary.
Hallmann (1994, para. 13.40)
lands are bounded by tidal waters, the common law rule is that the boundary
is the mean high-water mark, ie. the mean of all high tides including
the spring and neap tides taken over a sufficiently long period...
if the extent of the Crown's right to the seashore is MHWM then any land
alienated from the Crown abutting the seashore, unless otherwise described,
extends to MHWM. 'Low water mark' is a description of a boundary where
it is clearly intended that parcels extend over part of the seashore.
It is quite common to find that
the line located for the coast on early surveys of waterfront parcels
was some distance inland from MHWM. In many cases this is not attributable
to the ambulatory nature of the MHWM. The position located by these surveyors
was often a line (sometimes labelled) of edge of vegetation, accumulation
of debris, cliff edge or top of bank. Redefinition of the seaward boundary
of a coastal parcel inland from MHWM would probably require evidence of
intention by the Crown to retain a strip of land between that parcel and
Halsbury's (1998, para.355-14015)
land is described as abutting a tidal
river, it is presumed, as
with the seashore, that the mean high water mark constitutes the boundary.
The common law distinguishes between tidal
rivers and non-tidal
Where the river is a tidal
the land forming the bed and channel
through which the river runs, the alveus 19,
belongs to the Crown up to the mean high water mark.
the absence of any specific legislative definition, 'tidal waters' means
those in which the tide ebbs and flows under the gravitational influence
of the sun and the moon.
Hallmann (para. 4.4) clarifies
tides must be in evidence for more than half of each and every ye |
Image credit: All-Spec Industries | RS Components, Ltd.
Epoxy adhesives are very common thermoset adhesives used in a wide variety of applications.
Understanding Epoxy Adhesives
Epoxy adhes | Image credit: All-Spec Industries | RS Components, Ltd.
Epoxy adhesives are very common thermoset adhesives used in a wide variety of applications.
Understanding Epoxy Adhesives
Epoxy adhesives are composed of epoxy resins. All epoxies are formed as a result of the reaction between an epoxide and a polyamine hardener; for this reason epoxies are often referred to as copolymers. Epoxy adhesive systems may or may not include chemical modifiers. Unmodified epoxies cure to hard, brittle solids, while other adhesives are modified for increased flexibility or toughness after curing. All cured epoxies are typically hard and rigid.
One Component vs. Two Component Systems
Epoxy adhesives are available as one- or (more commonly) two-component systems. One component systems use heat curing and require cold storage for sufficient shelf life. Most one component epoxies are sold as pastes and applied by a trowel to easily fill gaps. Epoxy film adhesives, a subset of one component epoxies, are very high performance substrates based on epoxy resins formulated with curatives and modifiers. These provide excellent strength, fatigue resistance, and temperature resistance. Epoxy film adhesives are frequently used to bond large areas in the aerospace industry.
Two component epoxies must be mixed and applied within a set time frame, ranging from a few minutes to hours. While these adhesives are designed to cure at room temperature, heating can speed the curing process. Two component epoxies are suitable for bonding nearly all substrates and feature high strength and chemical resistance as well as excellent long-term stability. Despite these superior characteristics, two component systems are often avoided in favor of one component ones due to the latter's easier use and storage requirements.
This video provides an excellent detailed overview of two component epoxy systems and their composition, use, and curing.
Video credit: RCModelReviews
Epoxies, especially two component systems, are very versatile adhesives that bond to most substrates. Epoxy adhesives effectively adhere to:
Glass / ceramic materials
As noted above, an epoxy adhesive's composition determines its curing method: one component products are heat cured, whereas two component adhesives are cured at room temperature.
The table below details some differences between cure methods from the standpoint of a thermoset adhesive.
Table credit: Edward M. Petrie / GlobalSpec
In heat-cured adhesives, cure and adhesion are not achieved until the adhesive is heated above a certain temperature. Two component epoxies are thermosetting adhesives, meaning they are chemically and irreversibly set through heating. Thermosetting adhesives have a very high heat resistance after curing, and as such cannot be melted down and reset after adhesion.
Curing of a thermoset adhesive as heat is applied. Image credit: Science Direct
Epoxy adhesives that cure at room temperature are simply allowed to cure at ambient room conditions, but cannot be confined to an enclosed space due to their need for ambient moisture. These products typically take 30 minutes to 4 hours to cure, and must be stored at decreased temperatures to achieve acceptable shelf life.
Read user Insights about Epoxy Adhesives
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Conductive compounds provide an electrically and/or thermally conductive path between components.
Conformal coatings encapsulate circuit boards and their electronic components in order to prevent the ingress of moisture, fungus, dust and other environmental contaminants.
Gel elastomers are highly viscoelastic polymer gel materials that have excellent shock absorption and damping characteristics. They are available in a variety of material types and grades.
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives (PSA) and Contact Adhesives
Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) and contact adhesives adhere to most surfaces with very slight pressure. They are available in solvent and latex or water-based forms.
Silicone Adhesives and Sealants
Silicone adhesives and sealants have a high degree of flexibility and a very high temperature resistance (up to 600° F), but lack the strength of other epoxy or acrylic resins.
Thermoplastics and Thermoplastic Materials
Thermoplastics and thermoplastic materials soften when heated and harden when cooled. They can withstand many heating and cooling cycles and are often suitable for recycling.
Thermosets and Thermoset Materials
Thermosets and thermoset materials are cro |
In today’s elearning environment the type of learning that takes place is generally divided into one of two categories: synchronous and asynchronous. Both strategies have their own pros and cons, and the technique that is right for a student greatly depends upon their method | In today’s elearning environment the type of learning that takes place is generally divided into one of two categories: synchronous and asynchronous. Both strategies have their own pros and cons, and the technique that is right for a student greatly depends upon their method of absorbing the information that is being provided.
What is synchronous learning?
Examples of synchronous elearning are online chat and videoconferencing. Any learning tool that is in real-time, such as instant messaging that allows students and teachers to ask and answer questions immediately, is synchronous. Rather than learning on their own students who participate in synchronous learning courses are able to interact with other students and their teachers during the lesson.
The main benefit of synchronous learning is that it enables students to avoid feelings of isolation since they are in communication with others throughout the learning process. However synchronous learning is not as flexible in terms of time allotment, as students would have to set aside a specific time in order to attend a live teaching session or online course in real-time. So it may not be ideal for those who already have busy schedules.
What is asynchronous learning?
Asynchronous learning on the other hand can be carried out even when the student or teacher is offline. Coursework and communications delivered via email and messages posted on community forums are perfect examples of asynchronous elearning. In these instances, students will typically complete the lessons on their own and merely use the internet as a support tool rather than venturing online solely for interactive classes.
A student is able to follow the curriculum at their own pace, without having to worry about scheduling conflicts. This may be a perfect option for users who enjoy taking their time with each lesson plan in the curriculum and would prefer to research topics on their own. However, those who may lack the motivation to do the coursework on their own may find that they do not receive significant benefit from asynchronous learning tools. Asynchronous learning can also lead to feelings of isolation, as there is no real interactive educational environment.
Ideally, effective elearning courses sh |
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Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency
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Tests & Diagnosis
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Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency
See Disclaimer regarding information on this site. Some links on this page may take you to organizations outside of the National Institutes of Health.
Tests & Diagnosis
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Genetic testing for carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency can be done on a blood sample. Genetic testing, also called DNA testing, looks for changes in the pair of genes that cause carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency. In some affected children, both gene changes can be found. However, in other children, neither or only one of the two gene changes can be found, even though we know they are present. DNA testing is not necessary to diagnose carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, however, it can be helpful for carrier testing or prenatal diagnosis.
Last updated: 7/26/2013
- Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency. Screening, Technology and Research in Genetics. October 5, 2007; http://www.newbornscreening.info/Parents/fattyaciddisorders/CAT.html. Accessed 4/4/2008.
- The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.
- An ACTion (ACT) sheet for this condition has been developed by experts in collaboration with the American College of Medical Genetics, an organization providing education, resources and a voice for the medical genetics profession. ACT sheets are general guidelines that describe the short-term actions a health professional should follow in talking with the family and deciding the appropriate steps in the follow-up of an infant who has screened positive on a newborn screening test. Click on the link above to view the ACT sheet.
- An Algorithm for this condition has been developed by experts in collaboration with the American College of Medical Genetics, an organization providing education, resources and a voice for the medical genetics profession. Algorithms are general guidelines for healthcare providers outlining steps involved in determining the diagnosis of an infant who has screened positive on a newborn screening test. Click on the link above to view the Algorithm.
- Baby's First Test is the nation's newborn screening education center for families and providers. This site provides information and resources about screening at the local, state, and national levels and serves as the Clearinghouse for newborn screening information.
- The Newborn Screening Coding and Terminology Guide created by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) promotes and facilitates the use of electronic health data standards in recording and transmitting newborn screening test results. The Web site includes standard codes and terminology for newborn tests and conditions for which they screen, and links to related sites. Click on the link to view details for this condition.
- The Screening, Technology, and Research in Genetics (STAR-G) Project was a multi-state collaborative effort to obtain research data, identify strategies, and develop written materials for addressing the financial, ethical, legal and social issues surrounding the use of tandem mass spectrometry for newborn screening. As part of the STAR-G Project, fact sheets on newborn screening disorders have been developed for parents. To view the fact sheet on carnitine acylcarnitine translocase deficiency (CAT), visit the STAR-G link.
- National Newborn Screening and Global Resource Center (NNSGRC) provides information and resources in the area of newborn screening and genetics to benefit health professionals, the public health community, consumers and government officials. |
Body Builder: The Anaconda come equipped with a large head and a thick neck. Its
eyes and nostrils are positioned on the top of the head, enabling
the Anaconda to breathe and to see its prey while its stocky body | Body Builder: The Anaconda come equipped with a large head and a thick neck. Its
eyes and nostrils are positioned on the top of the head, enabling
the Anaconda to breathe and to see its prey while its stocky body
lays submerged under water. The extremely muscular Anaconda is a
constrictor and is not venomous; however, it still has teeth and
powerful jaws that it utilizes to clench onto its prey. It grabs
its victim and pulls it underwater, drowning the prey.
Specific Diets: They typically feed on large rodents, tapirs, capybaras, deer, peccaries,
fish, turtles, birds, sheep, dogs and aquatic reptiles like caiman.
They have been known to occasionally prey on jaguars and attacks
on humans can be confirmed, although this is rare. Younger Anacondas
feed on mice, rats, chicks, frogs and fish. Most local people kill
these snakes on sight, out of the fear that they are man-eaters.
In most instances, if an Anaconda senses humans in the area, it
will retreat in another direction. Human death by Anaconda is quite
Surprise Attack: Anacondas are usually coiled up in a murky, shallow pool or at
the river's edge. They wait to ambush their unsuspecting prey when
they come down for a drink. Anacondas bite their prey with their
sharp teeth, hold on with their powerful jaws and pull them under
water. The victim may drown first or it may be squeezed to death
in the Anaconda's muscular coils. Anacondas, true to the Boa family,
constrict their hapless victims to death. The snake squeezes tighter
each time its prey breathes out, so the prey cannot breath in again.
Suffocation does not take long. Anacondas swallow their prey whole,
starting with the head. This is so the legs fold up and the prey
goes down smoothly. The Anaconda can swallow prey much bigger than
the size of its mouth since its jaw can unhinge and the jaw bones
are loosely connected to the skull. While the snake eats, its muscles
have wave-like contractions, crushing the prey even further and
surging it downward with each bite.
Need some dental work?: Just about every species of snake on earth has teeth, but the anacondas'
teeth are not used for chewing. Most snakes' teeth are used for
holding onto their prey, preventing them from escaping. Some snakes
have venom in two specially designed, extra long teeth which they
use to kill their prey. Anacondas have teeth, but they are not a
venomous snake. They rely on their enormous size and power to subdue
their victims. It is possible to be bitten by an anaconda, but the
bite itself would not be fatal.
Growth Spurts: An Anaconda, like all large species Boas and Pythons, continue
to grow throughout their lives. Their growth speed reduces after
reaching maturity but these snakes possibly reach 50 or 60 years
of age, some maybe 80.
Like almost all boas, Anacondas give birth to live young.
Giant Anaconda: There are some historical reports of early European explorers of
the South American jungles seeing giant anacondas up to 100 feet
long and some of the native peoples of the South American jungle
have reported seeing anacondas up to 50 feet long. No one has
caught and measured an Anaconda anywhere near that size. Additionally,
it is important to note that there is nothing in their natural habitat
that could satisfy the feeding requirements of an Anaconda that
Excess Wieght Loss: When it sheds, an adult anaconda relieves itself of an average
of 2 pounds of skin. An anaconda's skin can stretch up to 30% larger
than the original size of the snake.
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of the GNU Free Documentation License |
Summer is here... except maybe still in the Midwest! Time for barbecues, water sports, and playing outdoors. The sun has many natural benefits such as increasing cognitive performance, endorphin levels (your happy thoughts), and testosterone levels. | Summer is here... except maybe still in the Midwest! Time for barbecues, water sports, and playing outdoors. The sun has many natural benefits such as increasing cognitive performance, endorphin levels (your happy thoughts), and testosterone levels. It also allows the body to efficiently absorb its daily needs of Vitamin D. Heat exhaustion is also attributed with the summer sun and can be draining and harmful on both the skin’s surface as well as the inner body. To ensure proper sun health while making the most of your summer, here are 10 safety tips for summer that everyone should follow.
Safety Tips for Summer
It says it on the bottle – sunscreen helps block the harmful rays of the sun. Depending on your skin-type, you may need a higher SPF than others. Ideally, you should wear no less than 30, and apply liberally. Sunscreen should be applied 15-20 minutes before going out in the sun and should be reapplied every 2 hours.
Purchase the sunblock specific to your activity – are you going swimming? Are you going for a hike and sweating a little more than normal? These are indicators that you may need a sunscreen that doesn't rub off easily in water.
After-sun skin care is just as important as it is before and during sun exposure. Moisturize your skin by using an aloe based lotion. The aloe vera plant is a natural topical remedy to sooth dry and chapped skin. Apply lotion liberally to all areas of the body, especially concentrating on those that appear to be more dry and/or red.
The sun is at its peak between the hours of 10am and 2pm. Try to avoid certain activities such as exercising outdoors and laying out during these hours. If you absolutely must be in direct sunlight, remember to wear proper sunscreen and stay hydrated.
Time to bring out your fashion-sensibility! During the summer months, light, breathable clothes are the most sensible. Darker clothes will warm the body and increase perspiration, which can cause you to become dehydrated faster. Cotton is a wonderfully breathable material that also dries quickly. Avoid materials that do not breathe, such as satin, silk, or leather, as these types of materials will hold in perspiration. Sweating is the body’s natural cooling mechanism and when it is restri |
There are several structures in English that are called conditionals.
"Condition" means "situation or circumstance". If a particular condition is true, then a particular result happens.
There are three basic conditionals that we use very often. There are | There are several structures in English that are called conditionals.
"Condition" means "situation or circumstance". If a particular condition is true, then a particular result happens.
There are three basic conditionals that we use very often. There are some more conditionals that we do not use so often.
In this lesson, we will look at the three basic conditionals as well as the so-called zero conditional. We'll finish with a quiz to check your understanding.
People sometimes call conditionals "IF" structures or sentences, because there is usually (but not always) the word "if" in a conditional sentence. |
Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) has partnered with schools and teachers to increase the impact and scope of environmental education in and around the Des Moines area.
Neal Smith NWR staff provides and coordinates environmental education programs with selected schools called Partner Schools | Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) has partnered with schools and teachers to increase the impact and scope of environmental education in and around the Des Moines area.
Neal Smith NWR staff provides and coordinates environmental education programs with selected schools called Partner Schools. Partner Schools visit the Refuge at least once a year for ranger led lessons and activities. Typically, chosen Partner Schools serve diverse and/or economically disadvantaged youth. It is usually required that the entire student body, each class in grades K-5, must visit the Refuge annually in order to hold partner school status.The framework of the partner school relationship is purposeful. Research indicates that repeat visits throughout long periods of time substantially improve the impact of an environmental education program (Hungerford and Volk, 1991; Peterson, 1981). Furthermore, economically disadvantaged youth are proportionally given less opportunities to learn and explore outdoors.Our current partner schools include:
The Partner Teacher Program is open to any teacher that is interested in using the Refuge as an outdoor classroom. Partner Teachers are required to attend at least one FREE ranger-led teacher workshop at Neal Smith NWR, which typically occurs in June. Partner Teachers receive trainings, field trip planning support, priority scheduling for field trips, and a copy of the entire Project Bluestem Curriculum. Upon completion of the workshop, there is a possibility to receive Drake college credit and/or AEA credit towards license renewal. Please contact Megan at 515-994-3400 for the latest teacher workshop programming information and date availability.“It’s very cold outside-my fingers are so cold. My nose is running like a waterfall. The prairie is so quiet today I can hear myself think.”-Monroe Fifth Grader, Naturalist"What is it like at NSNWR? It is a dream to live outside. I love it. It is the best thing that has ever happened to me. You should try it. You will have alot of fun!” Monroe Fifth Grader, Naturalist“What is a winter prairie? A winter prairie is fresh, cold and pretty. The landscape is filled with deep snow and dead plants but the beauty of it is fascinating. I feel peacefulness on the prairie. Animal prints follow my every step.” Monroe Fifth Grader, Naturalist
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A grassland specialist, this medium-sized owl can often be seen in winter and is easily identified by its characteristic floppy flight. Photo by Jason Murphy. |
The point where a line crosses the x-axis or y-axis is called the____
(See answer below)
The x-axis and y-axis are two lines that create the coordinate plane. The x-axis is a horizontal line and the y-axis is | The point where a line crosses the x-axis or y-axis is called the____
(See answer below)
The x-axis and y-axis are two lines that create the coordinate plane. The x-axis is a horizontal line and the y-axis is a vertical line.[www.gradeamathhelp.com/x-axis-and-y-axis.html]
(See complete conversation and new answers below)
There are no new answers. |
This self-help guide provides advice and tips for staying safe and protecting your valuables in your home, in your car, and while traveling.
Crime can happen to anyone, anywhere, at any time. But there are ways to thwart the possibility of | This self-help guide provides advice and tips for staying safe and protecting your valuables in your home, in your car, and while traveling.
Crime can happen to anyone, anywhere, at any time. But there are ways to thwart the possibility of crime. In Aware and Prepared, author Ronald Hanzel provides advice and tips for staying safe and protecting the items you value the most.
Hanzel covers an array of safety issues and demonstrates the key concepts of being aware of your surroundings and stopping a problem before it starts. Communicating practical and easy-to-follow recommendations, Aware and Prepared discusses
- • maintaining safety on the home front;
- • protecting valuables an |
Eating foods high in trans-fats and saturated fats increases the risk of depression, according to a Spanish study published in the US Wednesday, confirming previous studies that linked “junk food” with the disease.
Researchers also showed that some products, | Eating foods high in trans-fats and saturated fats increases the risk of depression, according to a Spanish study published in the US Wednesday, confirming previous studies that linked “junk food” with the disease.
Researchers also showed that some products, such as olive oil, which is high in healthy omega-9 fatty acids, can fight against the risk of mental illness.
Authors of the wide-reaching study, from the universities of Navarra and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, followed and analyzed the diet and lifestyle of over 12,000 volunteers over six years.
When the study began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers.
“Participants with an elevated consumption of trans-fats (fats present in artificial form in industrially-produced pastries and fast food…) presented up to a 48 percent increase in the risk of depression when they were compared to participants who did not consume these fats,” the head study author said.
Almudena Sanchez-Villegas, associate professor of preventive medicine at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, also noted that in the event “more trans-fats were consumed, the greater the harmful effect they produced in the volunteers.”
The research team found, at the same time, that after assessing the impact of polyunsaturated fats — composed of larger amounts of fish and vegetable oils — and olive oil, these products “are associated with a lower risk of suffering depression.”
The report, publi |
Sydney Cove, a merchant ship, was wrecked at Preservation Island, in the Furneaux Group, on 9 February 1797, while carrying a speculative cargo from Calcutta to Port Jackson, New South Wales. In the | Sydney Cove, a merchant ship, was wrecked at Preservation Island, in the Furneaux Group, on 9 February 1797, while carrying a speculative cargo from Calcutta to Port Jackson, New South Wales. In the aftermath of the wreck, including rescue and salvage operations, there was a total of 25 deaths. Subsequent events included the discovery and exploration of Bass Strait and the establishment of a sealing industry there.
Divers rediscovered the wreck in 1977, and work on the site was a major stimulus to the development of a maritime archaeology programme in Tasmania. The Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service undertook the excavation of the Sydney Cove between 1991 and 1993. An exhibition on the project was developed by the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, and travelled to Tasmanian and interstate venues.
Further rea |
August 8, 2013
Report: Iran has new rocket site, ballistic missile tests possible
Iran has constructed a rocket-launching site that could be used for testing ballistic missiles, a report from a military intelligence publication said on Thursday.
| August 8, 2013
Report: Iran has new rocket site, ballistic missile tests possible
Iran has constructed a rocket-launching site that could be used for testing ballistic missiles, a report from a military intelligence publication said on Thursday.
Satellite imagery analyzed by Jane's Intelligence Review showed extensive construction over the last three years at a site of what Jane's says is a launch tower and pad, an area to prepare rockets for launch and an administration and support section.
The Islamic Republic has pursued ambitious goals to develop its space program in recent years. In January this year it demonstrated its missile delivery systems by launching a live monkey into space and returning it safely, officials said.
Western countries are concerned that long-range ballistic technology used to propel Iranian satellites into orbit could be put to delivering nuclear warheads.
Assertions about the site, near the town of Shahrud some 100 km (62 miles) northeast of Tehran, come weeks after Iranian officials said they would inaugurate a new space centre to launch satellites.
Jane's says the Shahrud site is one of three that will ultimately serve Iran's space program.
"Imagery analysis of the Shahrud site suggests it will be a strategic facility used to test ballistic missiles, leaving the other two sites free to handle Iran's ambitious program of satellite launches," said Jane's editor Matthew Clements.
Iranian officials were not immediately available for comment.
Iran's efforts to develop and test ballistic missiles and build a space launch capability have contributed to Israeli calls for pre-emptive strikes on Iranian nuclear sites and billions of dollars of U.S. ballistic missile defense spending.
Reporting by Marcus George; Editing by Raissa Kasolowsky |
When Disadvantages Collide
One hundred forty-three years ago, women's suffrage advocate Elizabeth Cady Stanton faced a conundrum: With the Civil War over, Stanton had to decide whether to support the 14th and 15 | When Disadvantages Collide
One hundred forty-three years ago, women's suffrage advocate Elizabeth Cady Stanton faced a conundrum: With the Civil War over, Stanton had to decide whether to support the 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution, which enabled black men to vote -- at a time when white women such as herself still did not have that right.
Stanton decided to oppose the amendments: "As the celestial gate to civil rights is slowly moving on its hinges, it becomes a serious question whether we had better stand aside and see Sambo walk into the kingdom first."
The question of what to do when the interests of two groups that had long suffered discrimination clashed with each other split the feminist movement. In order to gain passage of the 19th Amendment, which in 1920 gave women the right to vote, leading feminists jettisoned issues important to African Americans to win support from women and politicians who would have nothing to do with people of color. Without the support of the racists, the amendment might have failed, said Kimberle Crenshaw, professor of constitutional and civil rights law at Columbia University and UCLA.
There were two ironies in this: Stanton, like many other suffragists, was a passionate abolitionist. And in the years before she made her derogatory remark about "Sambo," abolitionists had treated women in exactly the same manner -- excluding them from equal participation in the movement merely because they were female.
The political alliance that the suffragists built helped pass the 19th Amendment, but it drove a wedge into the women's movement. Over the long term, just as relegating women to second-class citizens weakened the campaign for civil rights, abandoning solidarity with people of color weakened the women's movement.
"At the end of the day, what is winning and what is losing?" asked Crenshaw. "Yes, the 19th Amendment happened, but feminism lost its soul in the process."
The resonance of that long-ago predicament is still with us today, as a bitter Democratic presidential primary battle has caused many supporters of Sens. Barack Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton to feel that the campaign has pitted race against gender. Many Clinton supporters, men included, cite openly sexist criticism targeting their candidate -- conservative radio host Rush Limbaugh asked, "Will this country want to actually watch a woman get older before their eyes on a daily basis?" -- and feel that a political defeat would be an unconscionable victory for sexism itself.
Obama's supporters, the majority of whom are white, cite the racism their candidate has faced -- large numbers of voters have openly told pollsters they would never vote for a black man. Should Democratic superdelegates hand the race to Clinton, many of these voters would feel racism has won.
As with century-old debates between suffragettes and abolitionists, the debate has veered toward which disadvantaged group has suffered more. And resentment has grown between them.
Clinton supporter and Bethesda psychologist Lynette Long, for example, described herself as a liberal white woman who has always reached out to help disadvantaged black men. But she now sees these potential Obama supporters as an "impediment" to her own dreams. She wrote, "In this election cycle, they symbolize an impediment to something I want more than anything in the world, a chance to see one of my own win the highest office in the land."
Crenshaw and Patricia Hill Collins, a University of Maryland sociologist who is to be the next president of the American Sociological Association, said the error being made by many Cl |
Marie Curie was a brilliant scientist who received two Nobel Prizes. She had to fight hard to become a scientist because she was a Polish female growing up in Russian-controlled Warsaw – some of her classes had to constantly change locations to avoid being | Marie Curie was a brilliant scientist who received two Nobel Prizes. She had to fight hard to become a scientist because she was a Polish female growing up in Russian-controlled Warsaw – some of her classes had to constantly change locations to avoid being detected by the police.
Take your middle school students back in time to the Warsaw of the late 1800s. Their mission: keep the police from finding Marie’s classes by correctly completing four physical science challenges. The challenges center on heat, temperature, and energy.
Make Your Own Kit
Map Grid Overlay
Extension Activities (all)
Solutions and Winners |
|Browse All Terms|
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|A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z :: All||
Common name for the class Schiz | |Browse All Terms|
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Common name for the class Schizomycetes: minute (0.5-5 µm), unicellular organisms, without a distinct nucleus. Bacteria are prokaryotes, and most of them are identified by means of Gram staining. They are classified on the basis of their oxygen requirement (aerobic vs anaerobic) and shape (spherical = coccus; rodlike = bacillus; spiral = spirillum; comma-shaped = vibrio; corkscrew-shaped = spirochaete; filamentous). Bacteria usually reproduce asexually, by simple cell division, although a few undergo a form of sexual reproduction, termed conjugation. A few bacteria can photosynthesize (including green-blue |
After the Civil War two amendments were added to the U.S. Constitution that explicitly guaranteed the rights of African Americans as citizens. The 14th Amendment (ratified in 1868) prohibited states from denying the "equal protection" of its | After the Civil War two amendments were added to the U.S. Constitution that explicitly guaranteed the rights of African Americans as citizens. The 14th Amendment (ratified in 1868) prohibited states from denying the "equal protection" of its laws to any person. The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (ratified in 1870) affirmed that "[t]he right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
Though they were written into the foundational document of our government, these guarantees were not very well secured in the states of the former Confederacy in the decades after Reconstruction. Various legal and illegal tools were developed on the state level to disenfranchise African Americans and other minorities.
One tool particularly favored in Texas was the "white primary," originally established by internal political party rules and later by state law. The basic idea was to explicitly prohibit non-whites (African Americans primarily, but also Mexican Americans in south Texas) from joining the Democratic Party or participating in its the primary elections.
Because the Democratic Party dominated the political systems of all the Southern states after Reconstruction, its state and local primary elections usually determined which candidate would ultimately win office in the general election. Thus, any voters excluded from the Democratic primary were effectively excluded from exercising any meaningful electoral choice.
In Texas after the turn of the twentieth century many local party leaders adopted rules that barred African Americans (and Mexican Americans in south Texas) from voting in Democratic Party primary elections. But, when the Texas Legislature passed a law in 1923 explicitly barring African Americans from participating in the Democratic Party primary, it fired the opening salvo in a two-decade long |
It's been 30 years since HIV and AIDS first emerged in America. To mark that sad anniversary, the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History is presenting a three-part exhibit and website titled ''HIV and AIDS 30 Years Ago.''
| It's been 30 years since HIV and AIDS first emerged in America. To mark that sad anniversary, the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History is presenting a three-part exhibit and website titled ''HIV and AIDS 30 Years Ago.''
''The showcase is focused on the very early years, the first stage, historical phase of the epidemic, 1981 to '87,'' says project coordinator Katherine Ott.
The exhibit includes brochures, health informational materials that were generated by AIDS service organizations, government publications informing people about how to be safe, and lab equipment from Dr. Jay Levy, one of the scientists who isolated HIV.
Ott says there's been ample support from the museum in organizing this exhibit, and she's hoping it serves as an educational tool for young people who may be unaware of AIDS's origins.
''We're now almost the second generation of people since the first reports,'' she says. ''So young people really don't understand what it was like in the early '80s if you were a gay person or if you were infected or exposed to the virus and how dramatic it was. Because before they knew what was causing it, let alone have any kind of treatment, it was a death sentence, and it was very contentious because of the marginality of gay men and gay peopl |
Human Rights Promotion & Protection: Actors & Activities
An overview of insider and outsider actors involved in human rightsThe main actors involved in human rights promotion and protection in post-conflict settings can be distinguished according to the basic distinction between insiders and outsiders.
| Human Rights Promotion & Protection: Actors & Activities
An overview of insider and outsider actors involved in human rightsThe main actors involved in human rights promotion and protection in post-conflict settings can be distinguished according to the basic distinction between insiders and outsiders.
Go to the Introduction to Peacebuilding
National and local actors (insiders) have "the primary responsibility for the development of effective human rights protection systems. Without this leadership of the state and local actors, efforts are destined to be piecemeal, of limited effect and unsustainable."1 Both local political and societal forces are decisive in the advancement of the human rights agenda. That said, outsiders can play a crucial assistance, supporting and facilitator role, especially in the context of acute resource scarcity and lack of local skills.
Insiders (National/Local) Actors:
The State (and its institutions)Under international human rights law, States Parties have specific obligations to (i) respect, (ii) protect, and (iii) fulfill the rights contained in the different conventions. Failure to perform these obligations constitutes a violation of such rights. A UNDP practice note details these obligations, which help understand the role the State has to play in the promotion and protection of human rights:2
National human rights institutions (NHRIs)The emergence of a new human rights actor
A very large number of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) have been established, mainly since the early 1990s.3 International support for the establishment and strengthening of these national institutions is currently considered as one of the most important ways to improve domestic human rights regimes, especially in emerging democracies and countries recovering from internal conflicts.The potentially important role of national institutions has been acknowledged by several intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations in the field of human rights, as well as governments and donors. The United N |
Advice on weaning your baby with information on the three stages of weaning from six months to one year plus useful weaning tips and recipies.
At all stages salt or sugar should not be added to your baby's food.
Stage 1 | Advice on weaning your baby with information on the three stages of weaning from six months to one year plus useful weaning tips and recipies.
At all stages salt or sugar should not be added to your baby's food.
Stage 1: six to eight months
Your baby continues to get most of his or her nutrition from breastmilk whilst learning to take pureed food from a spoon such as fruit and vegetables, baby rice, mashed potato, soft cooked meat and pulses, yogurt and fromage frais.
Stage 2: eight to ten months transitional
A wider variety of food and different textures are introduced, including meat, fish, eggs and cereals. Finger foods can be introduced. Wheat can also be introduced plus cow's milk (in cooking and to mix solids) can be given.
Stage 3: ten months to a year
Your baby should be enjoying three meals a day, with snacks and drinks between meals. Some foods can be normal adult texture.
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The most famous ship of the American Navy is called the USS Constitution. Built in Boston in 1794, its first mission was to protect American merchant ships from the Barbary pirates. The USS Constitution is most famous for its actions during the War | The most famous ship of the American Navy is called the USS Constitution. Built in Boston in 1794, its first mission was to protect American merchant ships from the Barbary pirates. The USS Constitution is most famous for its actions during the War of 1812 when it defeated five British warships and captured numerous merchant ships. The defeat of the British warship called Guerriere earned the USS Constitution the nickname of Old Ironsides, and public affection for this old sailing vessel has repeatedly saved it from scrapping.
After the War of 1812, the USS Constitution continued to actively serve our country in the Mediterranean, and it circled the world in the 1840s. During the American Civil War, the USS Constitution served as a training ship for the U.S. Naval Academy. This ship carried art and industrial displays to the Paris Exposition of 1878. This famous ship was retired from active service only in 1881, and was designated as a museum ship in 1907. The USS Constitution sailed under her own power for its 200th birthday in 1997.
Today, the USS Constitution's mission is to promote understanding of the U.S. Navy's role in war and peace through education, historic demonstrations, |
The two known types of human trypanosomiasis, endemic in two regions of the world, are sleeping sickness in Africa, caused by the parasites Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or T. b. rhodiense | The two known types of human trypanosomiasis, endemic in two regions of the world, are sleeping sickness in Africa, caused by the parasites Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or T. b. rhodiense, and Chagas' disease in South America induced by T. cruzi. Everywhere else, normally only animals are infected by trypanosomes that, although specific for humans are not pathogenic for them. Yet, in 2004, the first case of human trypanosomiasis was formally identified in India by IRD researcher Philippe Truc, working with the WHO and the Maharashtra State Department of Health (1). The patient was a farmer living in this State who proved to be infected by a trypanosome, T. evansi, usually a parasite of camels and cattle. In South America, North Africa and in a great part of Asia including India, where this parasite is present, many human populations are currently living in contact with infected animals. Scientists from the Universit Libre de Bruxelles, in conjunction with Philippe Truc and Indian medical specialists, under an agreement with WHO (2), carried out analyses on blood serum from the infected patient, which led them to identify the cause of this first case of human trypanosomiasis in India.
Humans possess natural resistance to this parasite, as they have towards related African trypanosomes, like T. brucei. In the latter case, the innate immunity results from the trypanolytic activity of a specific human protein, apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL-1). Once absorbed inside the parasite, this protein forms pores in the parasite's organelle membrane, thus inducing the destruction of the trypanosome. However, the two subspecies T. brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense have, with time, overcome human immune defences by acquiring resistance to APOL-1 and thereby causing sleeping sickness in Africa. In T. b. rhodesiense, this resistance mechanism involves a protein that is peculiar to this subspecies, named SRA (Serum Resistance-associated protein), which interacts strongl
Contact: Marie Guillaume-Signoret
Institut de Recherche Pour le Dveloppement |
American Maritime Documents, 1776-1860 - Stein, Douglas L.
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Upon entering an American port from a foreign country, the shipmaster, in accordance with the 1819 "Act Reg | American Maritime Documents, 1776-1860 - Stein, Douglas L.
Page 1 of 3 Next >>
Upon entering an American port from a foreign country, the shipmaster, in accordance with the 1819 "Act Regulating Passenger Ships and Vessels, " filed a list of passengers with the customs officer, and swore to the accuracy of its contents, in the same manner as required for a cargo manifest. The list contained information about the voyage, including the vessel and master's names, port of embarkation and arrival, and the date of arrival. Passenger information required name, age, sec, occupation, country of origin, destination, and circumstances of death during the voyage when applicable. Similar information was recorded for tourists and American citizens as well. As immigration increase, legislation was enacted that required more data about each passenger, such as proficiency in languages and last legal residence. The customs collector was also required to prepare copies and abstracts of the passenger lists for quarterly reports to the State Department, in accordance with the Act of 1819. Passenger lists could vary in size and format, especially during the first half of the nineteenth century. In addition, to her unofficial lists of passengers are sometimes found in ship's logbooks, and in various kinds of maritime business or family papers. They usually prove to be a valuable source or research for the maritime historian or genealogist. |
AUGUSTA, Maine — Maine health officials say carbon monoxide poisonings present risks in and around people’s summer camps.
The Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention says that each year state officials see a handful of poisonings, most of | AUGUSTA, Maine — Maine health officials say carbon monoxide poisonings present risks in and around people’s summer camps.
The Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention says that each year state officials see a handful of poisonings, most of which could have been avoided.
Poisonings have resulted from blocked venting for propane refrigerators in summer camps. There are also risks from repairing small engines in enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces, and swimming behind a boat or hanging off the ski deck while the motor is running.
Camp owners are advised to check vents for propane-powered appliances and make sure appliances are working the right way. Officials also suggest CO detectors.
Those riding off-road are being told to check to see if the exhaust is blocked if they get stuck in mud or water. |
Credit: Grosso et al. (
2005, The Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, vol. 160, pg. 130)
A Coup for Chandra
The way by which stars form out of interstellar clouds is complex | Credit: Grosso et al. (
2005, The Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, vol. 160, pg. 130)
A Coup for Chandra
The way by which stars form out of interstellar clouds is complex and not fully understood. Baby stars are surrounded by natal coccoons of gas and dust which are difficult to see through. But X-rays can penetrate through large amounts of matter, so X-ray observations are important tools for astronomers trying to understand the properties of new stars. The image above is part of a large Chandra X-ray observatory project to understand star formation in a nearby stellar nursery, the Orion Nebula. This project, called the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project, or COUP, stared at the Orion Nebula for 10 days and provided the best-ever X-ray look at this important region. This observation detected X-ray emission from more that 1600 stellar source, most from newly born stars. The image above is a subset of the COUP centered on two regions of especially active star formation. Colors represent X-ray energies, red, green and blue for low, medium and high energy X-rays, and detected sources are numbered; the streak running from upper right to lower left is an instrumental artifact. Scientists are using this treasure trove to help resolve questions about protostellar disks and mass accretion, magnetic activity, stellar clustering, the presence of unseen companions, brown dwarfs and many other fundamental questions regarding the star formation process.
Last Week *
HEA Dictionary * Archive
* Search HEAPOW
Each week the HEASARC
brings you new, exciting and beautiful images from X-ray and Gamma ray
astronomy. Check back each week and be sure to check out the HEAPOW archive!
Page Author: Dr. Michael F. Corcoran
Last modified Friday, 20-Apr-2012 15:27:16 EDT |
Historic Map Data
Historic Map Analysis and Digitizing
Historic maps can provide a variety of useful information for research projects such as this. Archives, map dealers, and other sources were searched to locate as many different maps from different periods | Historic Map Data
Historic Map Analysis and Digitizing
Historic maps can provide a variety of useful information for research projects such as this. Archives, map dealers, and other sources were searched to locate as many different maps from different periods as possible, with an emphasis on older maps. While these maps are useful (and beautiful) by themselves, we have been interested in developing techniques to integrate the data contained in these archival sources directly into our GIS for analysis.
An original 1659 map of the region and two modern reproductions of 1759 maps of the research area have been located, along with several more recent 19th century maps. The 1659 and 1759 maps were digitized for use in the project GIS using an Eikonix digital scanning system, located at the Center for Remote Sensing of Rutgers University. This system has a large format 4,000 by 4,000 digital CCD array device that converts maps or photographs into high quality digital format. This system is useful for raster scanning maps, aerial photographs, or other analog data into a format readable by image processing and GIS systems. Thematic data were also transferred onto mylar overlays for manual vector digitizing.
1695 map by
The 1659 map is an original, which was purchased in Paris in 1983 by the author. It was produced by Nicolas Sanson d'Abeville (1600-1667), Geographer of the King of France (geographe ordinaire du roi), who produced a large number of famous and beautiful maps of Europe, Canada, North and South America. Many of these maps are in museums and private collections around the world. Sanson was the founder of the French school of cartography, and was tutor to Louis XIII. He published over 300 maps, including a 1:1 million scale map of France and he also produced atlases of the four known continents. All three sons of Nicolas Sanson, Nicolas Sanson junior, Guillaume and Adrian, continued their father's work and his company lasted for over 100 years.The accuracy and high quality of engraving of his maps were copied throughout Europe for decades.
The Map title (shown at the top of this page) reads:
The map was scanned, entered into GRASS, georeferenced, and entered into the GIS system as a data layer like any other. This map is quite general in its spatial accuracy, but it is the oldest map yet located that covers the research area.
Close-up views of the 1659 map
Several enlargements of the 1695 map, showing the Arroux river, towns, forests, roads, and structures. The walled town of I |
A single copy of this article may be reprinted for personal, noncommercial use only.
Sick baby? When to seek medical attentionBy Mayo Clinic staff
Original Article: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/healthy-b | A single copy of this article may be reprinted for personal, noncommercial use only.
Sick baby? When to seek medical attentionBy Mayo Clinic staff
Original Article: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/healthy-baby/PR00022
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Sick baby? When to seek medical attention
When a healthy baby gets sick, there's no reason to panic. Understand when to call the doctor and when to seek emergency care for your baby.By Mayo Clinic staff
Every parent wants a healthy baby, but occasional infections and fevers are inevitable. Even parents who have plenty of experience with sick babies can have a tough time distinguishing normal fussiness and mild illnesses from more-serious problems. Here's when to contact the doctor — and when to seek emergency care — for a sick baby.
When to contact your baby's doctor
An occasional illness is usually nothing to worry about in an otherwise healthy baby — but sometimes it's best to contact the doctor. Look for these signs and symptoms:
- Changes in appetite. If your baby refuses several feedings in a row or eats poorly, contact the doctor.
- Changes in mood. If your baby is lethargic or unusually difficult to rouse, tell the doctor right away. Also let the doctor know if your baby is persistently irritable or has inconsolable crying jags.
- Tender navel or penis. Contact the doctor if your baby's umbilical area or penis suddenly becomes red or starts to ooze or bleed.
- Fever. Mild fevers are common and usually harmless, but keep an eye on the thermometer. If your baby is younger than age 3 months, contact the doctor for any fever. If your baby is age 3 to 6 months and has a temperature up to 102 F (38.9 C) and seems unusually irritable, lethargic or uncomfortable, or has a temperature higher than 102 F (38.9 C), contact the doctor. Also, if your baby is age 6 to 24 months and has a temperature higher than 102 F (38.9 C) that lasts longer than one day but shows no other signs or symptoms, contact the doctor. If your baby also has other signs or symptoms, such as a cold, cough or diarrhea, you might contact the doctor sooner based on their severity.
- Diarrhea. Contact the doctor if your baby's stools are especially loose or watery.
- Vomiting. Occasional spitting up is normal. Contact the doctor if your baby vomits forcefully after feedings, vomits for more than 12 hours, or also has diarrhea or a fever.
- Dehydration. Contact the doctor if your baby doesn't wet a diaper for six hours or longer, the soft spot on top of your baby's head seems to sink, or your baby cries without tears or has a dry mouth without saliva.
- Constipation. If your baby has fewer bowel movements than usual for a few days, contact the doctor.
- Colds. Contact the doctor if your baby has a cold that interferes with his or her breathing, lasts longer than two weeks, or is accompanied by severe coughing.
- Ear trouble. Contact the doctor if your baby doesn't respond normally to sounds.
- Rash. Contact the doctor if a rash covers a large area, appears infected or if your baby suddenly develops an unexplained rash — especially if the rash is accompanied by a fever, sore throat or diarrhea.
- Eye discharge. If one or both eyes are pink, red or leaking mucus, contact the doctor.
Trust your instincts. If you think you should contact the doctor, go ahead. After hours, you may be able to use a 24-hour nurse line offered through the doctor's office, clinic or your health insurance company.
When to seek emergency care
Seek emergency care for:
- Bleeding that can't be stopped
- Trouble breathing
- Head injuries
- A sudden lack of energy or inability to move
- Large cuts or burns
- Neck stiffness
- Blood in the urine, bloody diarrhea or persistent diarrhea
- Skin or lips that look blue, purple or gray
Prepare for emergencies by asking your baby's doctor during a scheduled checkup what to do and where to go if your baby needs emergency care. Learn basic first aid, including CPR, and keep emergency phone numbers handy.
Be ready to answer questions
Whether you contact your baby's doctor or seek em |
The Chukar is a native of
the Middle East and southern Asia, but has been widely introduced throughout
much of the western United States. Multiple attempts to introduce the
Chukar to South Dakota were made, but were apparently unsuccessful | The Chukar is a native of
the Middle East and southern Asia, but has been widely introduced throughout
much of the western United States. Multiple attempts to introduce the
Chukar to South Dakota were made, but were apparently unsuccessful, although
individuals (possibly escaped) are found from time to time. They have
benefited from the introduction of Eurasian plant species on which they feed in
their native lands.
Habitat: Seems to prefer sloped areas with
sufficient vegetative cover, such as brushy mountain slopes and canyon
sides. Also can be found in expansive cheatgrass areas with scattered
Diet: Will eat a variety of seeds,
leaves, grasses, berries, and insects. A large portion of the diet may be,
ironically, from introduced Eurasian species such as cheatgrass and its seeds.
Behavior: Primarily forages on the ground, but
will also move up into trees and shrubs in pursuit of berries and insects.
Breeding: Probable non-breeder in South Dakota.
Song: Series of whiny clucks ending in chuKAR chuKAR
Migration: Generally a permanent resident throu |
Anna Akhmatova had been in her youth one of the “Acmeist” poets, along with her husband Gumilev and Mandelstam. Acmeism was essentially a reaction against the symbolist movement in Russian poetry, | Anna Akhmatova had been in her youth one of the “Acmeist” poets, along with her husband Gumilev and Mandelstam. Acmeism was essentially a reaction against the symbolist movement in Russian poetry, a movement that tended, as such things do in Russia, to extremes, in this case extremes of uplift, mysticism, apocalypse. Acmeism by contrast was concerned with poetry as architecture, and poems as objects of weight and mass-produced as if in a workshop (the poets’ guild or workshop was one of the group’s other names for itself). The most important early influence on Akhmatova was her discovery of the poems of Innokenti Annensky, an expert translator and scholar of ancient Greek, who had written—they were published posthumously—a volume of verses called The Cypress Box. Her early poems are precise evocations of places, moments, loves, deceptive intensities of being, carved out with reticence and a kind of inner dignity.
It is significant that the Russian symbolist poets, notably Blok and Bryusov, hailed the revolution of 1917 in their whole consciousness. They were fascinated by the idea of such a thing. Their attitude was not unlike that of Yeats in “The Second Coming” and “Lapis Lazuli,” joyfully greeting the end of order and the coming of the “rough beast” in a spirit of “gaiety transfiguring all that dread.” Terror was merely an exciting and poetical idea to them, as the rough beast slouching toward Bethlehem was for Yeats. The Acmeists’ reaction was very different: they recognized facts and truths when they saw them. Pasternak in Dr. Zhivago refers to Blok’s line, “we children of Russia’s terrible years,” and he remarks dryly that those years really had been terrible for those who had been killed, bereaved, or imprisoned. The symbolic status of revolution was not the same thing as what actually occurred, and the Acmeists were only interested in what actually occu |
|Kingdom of Osroene
ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪܗܝ
|Historical era||Hellenistic | |Kingdom of Osroene
ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪܗܝ
|Historical era||Hellenistic Age|
Osroene, also spelled Osrohene and Osrhoene (Ancient Greek: Ὁσροηνή; Classical Syriac: ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪܗܝ Malkūṯā d-Bayt ʿŌrhai) and sometimes known by the name of its capital city, Edessa (modern Şanlıurfa, Turkey), was a historical Neo-Assyrian kingdom located in upper Mesopotamia (Assyria), which enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 BC to AD 244. It was a Syriac-speaking kingdom.
Osroene, or Edessa, acquired independence from the collapsing Seleucid Empire through a dynasty of the nomadic Nabatean tribe called Orrhoei from 136 BC. The name Osroene is derived from Osroes of Orhai, a Nabatean sheik who in 120 BC wrested control of this region from the Seleucids in Syria. Most of the kings of Osroene are called Abgar or Manu and they were Syriac kings who settled in urban centers. Under its Nabatean dynasties, Osroëne became increasingly influenced by Aramaic culture and was a centre of national reaction against Hellenism. By the 5th century, Edessa had become the headquarters of Syriac literature and learning. In 608, Osroëne was taken by the Sāsānid Khosrow II, and in 638 it fell to the Muslims.
The kingdom's area, the upper course of the Euphrates, became a traditional battleground for the powers that ruled Asia Minor, Persia, Syria, and Armenia. On the dissolution of Seleucid Empire, it was divided between Rome and Parthia. At this time Osrhoene was within Parthian suzerainty. However, the Romans later made several attempts to recover the region.
Osroene was one of several kingdoms arising from the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire. The kingdom occupied an area on what is now the border between Syria and Turkey.This kingdom was established by The Nabataeans or Arab tribes from North Arabia, and lasted nearly four centuries (c. 132 BC to 214 AD), under twenty-eight rulers, who sometimes called themselves "king" on their coinage
It was in this region that the "legend of Abgar" originated, for which see Abgarus of Edessa.
Osroene was absorbed into the Roman Empire in 114 as a semi-autonomous vassal state, after a period under Arsacid (Parthian) rule, incorporated as a simple Roman province in 214. There is an apocryphal legend that Osroene was the first state to have accepted Christianity as state religion, however there is not enough evidence to support this point of view. The independence of the state ended in 244 when it was incorporated in the Roman Empire.
Since Emperor Diocletian's Tetrarchy reform c. 300, it was part of the diocese of Oriens, in the praetorian prefecture of the same name. According to the late 4th-century Notitia Dignitatum, it was headed by a governor of the rank of praeses, and was also the seat of the dux Mesopotamiae, who ranked as vir spectabilis and commanded (c. 400) the following troops:
- Equites Dalmatae Illyriciani, garrisoned at Ganaba.
- Equites promoti Illyriciani, Callinico.
- Equites Mauri Illyriciani, Dabana.
- Equites promoti indigenae, Banasam
- Equites promoti indigenae, Sina Iudaeorum.
- Equites sagittarii indigenae, Oraba.
- Equites sagittarii indigenae, Thillazamana.
- Equites sagittarii indigenae Medianenses, Mediana.
- Equites primi Osrhoeni, Rasin.
- Praefectus legionis quartae Parthicae, Circesio.
- (an illegible command, possibly Legio III Parthica), Apatna.
as well as, 'on the minor roll', apparently auxiliaries:
- Ala septima Valeria praelectorum, Thillacama.
- Ala prima Victoriae, Tovia -contra Bintha.
- Ala secunda Paflagonum, Thillafica.
- Ala prima Parthorum, Resaia.
- Ala prima nova Diocletiana, inter Thannurin et Horobam.
- Cohors prima Gaetulorum, Thillaamana.
- Cohors prima Eufratensis, Maratha.
- Ala prima salutaria, Duodecimo constituta.
According to Sozomen's Ecclesiastical History, "there were some very learned men who formerly flourished in Osroene, as for instance Bardasanes, who devised a heresy designated by his name, and his son Harmonius. It is related that this latter was deeply versed in Grecian erudition, and was the first to subdue his native tongue to meters and musical laws; these verses he delivered to the choirs" and that Arianism —a more successful |
Hip and Groin Pain
The most common causes of acute hip / groin pain are strains of the adductor muscles, iliopsoas muscles, or injuries to the hip joint itself, such as a labral tear and/or chondral | Hip and Groin Pain
The most common causes of acute hip / groin pain are strains of the adductor muscles, iliopsoas muscles, or injuries to the hip joint itself, such as a labral tear and/or chondral injury.
Adductor Muscle Strains
Adductor muscle strains are a common injury in sports that involve sudden changes of direction. Examination findings are usually, localised tenderness, pain on passive abduction and pain on resisted adduction or combined flexion/adduction.
A typical treatment regimen consists of :-
(i) 0-48 hours – RICE protocol, active pain-free exercises
(ii) After 48 hours - depending on the size / grade of the muscle tear, gradually increase strengthening of abduction and adduction movement patterns using therabands, pulleys, light weights. Start stability exercises (e.g. pulleys with other leg, one-leg squats).
(iii) After 7-21 days - Functional strengthening, including cycling, pool running, jogging, swimming
(iv) After 21 days – Sport-specific drills, including running (straight line), running (figure of eight), rapid changes of direction, kicking (different forces and skills of kicking).
Recurrent Adductor Muscle Strain
If not adequately rehabilitated of the initial injury, or resuming sport too quickly, these injuries can lead to chronic exercise-related groin pain.
In these cases, extra rehabilitation time through the stages should be provided, together with a detailed analysis of sporting technique to decide if their are any technical abnormalities affecting the rate of progress.
Acute Adductor Tendinopathy
Adductor tendinopathy causes proximal groin pain, which has a tendency to develop with increasing activity. If the condition remains untreated, the pain tends to persist during activity and may migrate either to the contralateral groin or to the |
RA 1425 Explanation based on Rizal Website
RA No. 1425 prescribes the teaching of the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal for all school, colleges and universities.
Students and teachers, in the past | RA 1425 Explanation based on Rizal Website
RA No. 1425 prescribes the teaching of the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal for all school, colleges and universities.
Students and teachers, in the past years, have relied on books and periodicals from the library to do their studies on Rizal. The advent of Information Technology, however, facilitated the acquisition and sharing of ideas among peoples of varied persuasions throughout the globe. Survey results show that more and more students are using the Internet to do research work. This Jose Rizal website is, therefore, designed, and created to assist students in the appreciation of the role of Rizal in the development of the Filipino nation. The web contains very comprehensive materials on and by Rizal in both the English and Filipino languages. Further more, it is offered for free to everyone. The endorsement of the web by the Commission on Higher Education helped increase the number of visitors. This web continues to acquire and update information about Rizal in order to be of better service to the users.
What is RA 1425?
Just in the year 1956, to be exact, on June 12 (the anniversary of the declaration of independence) the parliament in Manila passes a law (Republic Act Number 1425) which decreed the entire works of Rizal as teaching material in all private and public schools and universities. Since the correspondence with Blumentritt represents the biggest portion of Rizal's exchange of letters it can be said with full justification that Blumentritt is known to practically every schoolchild in the Philippines.
Kurt, a grandson of Blumentritt, was presented an honorary plaque posthumously on December 30, 1978, on the death anniversary of Rizal, for his grandfather's exceptional interest in the history and culture of the Philippine people.. for his voluntary alliance, his cooperation and his identification with the... [continues]
Cite This Essay
(2010, 11). Batas Rizal. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 11, 2010, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Batas-Rizal-490411.html
"Batas Rizal" StudyMode.com. 11 2010. 2010. 11 2010 <http://www.studymode.com/essays/Batas-Rizal-490411.html>.
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"Batas Rizal." StudyMode.com. StudyMode.com, 11 2010. Web. 11 2010. <http://www.studymode.com/essays/Batas-Rizal-490411.html>.
"Batas Rizal." StudyMode.com. 11, 2010. Accessed 11, 2010. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Batas-Rizal-490411.html. |
Has your veterinarian diagnosed the cause of your dog's abnormal episodes?
If so, what was the diagnosis:
List the results of any tests that were done during your veterinarian's investigation to find the cause of these episodes
1. When was your dog | Has your veterinarian diagnosed the cause of your dog's abnormal episodes?
If so, what was the diagnosis:
List the results of any tests that were done during your veterinarian's investigation to find the cause of these episodes
1. When was your dog's first episode noted (age or date)?
2. What was the weather (temperature, humidity) like during the first observed episode?
3. What was your dog doing at the time of the episode(s)?
4. What did you see first?
5. If your dog's limbs seemed abnormal during the episode, were the front legs, hind legs, or both involved and in whatorder? Were all the limbs the same or were there differences between the front and hind legs during the episode? For example, would you describe each limb as being weak, floppy, uncoordinated, or stiff (rigid) compared with normal?
6. Did your dog completely lose the ability to walk or move? If not, please describe how your dog moved/walked during the episode.
7. What did you do, and what happened next? Did your dog's posture or gait change during the episode?
8. Approximately how many episodes has your dog had? (Please answer with a number - even if estimated.)
9. Have all of your dog's observed episodes been very similar, or have there been differences? Please describe any differences and give the particulars of each of the episodes you can recall (including the activity/circumstances precipitating the event, the temperature and humidity at the time of the event and your description of the event).
10. How long do your dog's episodes typically last?
11. Have you noticed any unusual behaviors or any unusual symptoms in your dog immediately prior to any of his/her episodes? (If yes, please describe.)
12. Is there anything that you think seems to make your dog more or less likely to have an episode on a given day? (If yes, please comment.)
13. How long can your dog typically perform the activities that precipitate an episode before you begin to notice a change in their behavior?
14. Would you estimate that the frequency and/or severity of your dog's episodes is changing over time? (increased,decreased, or stayed the same). Do you think it is easier or harder to induce an episode now compared with when you first noted the condition.?
15. Please describe what usually happens from the time your dog's episode stops until he/she is acting and walking 100% normal again, and estimate how long this typically takes.
16. Has your dog ever been evaluated by a veterinarian during or immediately after an episode? If yes, what testing was done? What were the findings?
17. Has your dog ever been hospitalized for an episode?(If yes, please comment.)
18. How many times has your dog had more than one episode in 24 hours?
19. What time of day are a majority of your dog's episodes?
20. Is your dog always completely alert and aware during each episode? If not, please describe any abnormalities in your dog's mental condition during the episode (i.e. disoriented, unconscious, etc.).
21. Is your dog always completely alert and aware after each episode? If not, please describe any abnormalities in your dog's mental condition or behavior (ie disoriented, unconscious, sleepy, agitated, anxious) that you may have noticed during recovery or in the time after an episode and estimate how long these abnormalities persisted.
22. Have you taken your dog's temperature during an episode of collapse? If so, what was it?
23. Have you ever noticed a change in the color of your dog's urine during or after an episode? If yes, please elaborate.
24. Have you ever noticed a change in the color of your dog's gums during an episode? If yes, please elaborate.
25. Between episodes (other than the first 24h after an episode) does your dog seem normal to you? If no, please comment.
26. Is your dog on any medication(s) or other treatments to control the episodes? If yes, please give type, current dosage and frequency of dosing. (ie Phenobarbitol 60mg, 1 tablet twice a day).
27. If your dog is on medication(s), how would you describe the level of control of the episodes?
Good control - no episodes even after participating in trigger activities
Fair control - my dog has less episodes than before and it seems more difficult to induce an episode
Poor control - the frequency and severity of episodes has not changed while on the medications
No control - the frequency and severity of episodes has worsened while on the medications
28. Does your dog take any other medications or supplements?
29. Have you noticed any other factors that seem to relate to the ease/difficulty of episode control or that appear to trigger episodes in your dog? (If yes, please comment.)
30. Do you usually feed your dog a commercial dog food? If so, what brand and what time(s) of da |
Professor devoted to wildlife protection asks "what's the best way to relocate a rhinoceros?"
In 1992, just after graduating from veterinary school, Robin Radcliffe and his twin brother (also a veterinarian at Cornell University College of Veterinary | Professor devoted to wildlife protection asks "what's the best way to relocate a rhinoceros?"
In 1992, just after graduating from veterinary school, Robin Radcliffe and his twin brother (also a veterinarian at Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine) traveled to the African country of Botswana, where they saw rhinoceroses in the wild for the first time. Robin was astounded to see armed guards from the Botswana military protecting the animals, among the most endangered species in the world.
Two weeks later, he learned that those two animals had been poached. “It made me realize this is a serious problem, and one that I wanted to do something about,” he said.
Today, Radcliffe, an adjunct professor at |
The Rhythm of the Heavens
The ancient rebirth of spring and Easter
Thursday’s full moon rises in the southeast at 8pm, a little more than an hour after sunset. Note the point on the horizon at which the | The Rhythm of the Heavens
The ancient rebirth of spring and Easter
Thursday’s full moon rises in the southeast at 8pm, a little more than an hour after sunset. Note the point on the horizon at which the moon appears: in the coming months up to solstice, the moon rises progressively farther to the south; compare this to December, when the moon rose due east and set due west.
And it’s not just the moon that’s rising and falling like a vibrating string. To illustrate, imagine clipping the sky map to the right each week of the year and stapling them into a flip book. As you thumbed the pages into motion, you would see the moon, the planets and the zodiacal constellations rise and fall over the course of the year. In fact, all the fixed constellations those that remain visible year-round would follow the same motion, rising to a northward peak and sinking southward year after year.
The rhythm is, in truth, the rise and fall of the celestial backdrop as a result of earth’s own movements, in this case its elliptical orbit around the sun.
April’s full moon, often the first after spring equinox, is symbolic of rebirth: the Flower Moon; the Pink Moon, for the landscape’s tint from early clover and phlox; the Milk Moon; the Sprouting Grass Moon and the Full Fish Moon, as shad, then other fish, return upstream to spawn; and the Egg Moon.
The egg, perhaps the strongest symbol of rebirth, is prominent in our modern celebration of Easter, but its origins are far older. In Celtic myth, birds were revered for their egg-laying ability, and to bring this power to earth, Oestra, the goddess of spring, transformed a bird into a hare. Once a year, she ruled, the hare could lay eggs as it had as a bird, and so today the Easter Bunny brings eggs to this deep-rooted celebration. |
Mississippi veterinarians could find themselves on the front line of defense if the country were ever attacked by bioterrorists.
The Centers for Disease Control consider bioterrorism a significant public health threat facing the United States. In a program brief | Mississippi veterinarians could find themselves on the front line of defense if the country were ever attacked by bioterrorists.
The Centers for Disease Control consider bioterrorism a significant public health threat facing the United States. In a program brief released online in January, the CDC said “the nation's public health infrastructure currently is not adequate to detect and respond to a bioterrorist event.” To better prepare, it has developed a Bioterrorism Program to promote the development of local, state and federal resources to address potential bioterrorism events.
Jim Watson, state veterinarian with the Mississippi Board of Animal Health, said this general trend in state and federal government to be more prepared for possible bioterrorist activities pre-dates the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks on the United States.
“We're more dependent on imports and international trade than ever before,” Watson said. “As we depend more on imports, our risk is higher that an animal disease, whether intentional or accidental, would have a big economic impact on our country.”
Watson cited the February outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom and the devastating effects that incident had on their national economy.
“We feel very strongly that a private veterinarian would be the first line of defense and the first one to see a new disease,” Watson said of the introduction of a similar disease to the United States. “By knowing what's going on in the animal population, it may help alert us to what's going on in the human population.”
Watson said although no new efforts have begun since the terrorist attacks, Mississippi is developing an animal disaster response plan that will be part of the emergency management response to any disaster. Veterinarians are also being encouraged to be more vigilant in noting unusual groups of events, such as animal deaths, and in reporting these to the state.
“The diagnostic laboratory, veterinary school and practitioners are all equally important cogs in the wheel recognizing a problem early and relaying on that information,” Watson said.
Roger Easley, professor of pathobiology and population medicine at Mississippi State University's College of Veterinary Medicine, said veterinarians are ideally equipped to help prevent bioterrorist activity. Easley is also a lieutenant colonel in the Tennessee Air National Guard where he serves as a public health officer in a medical squadron.
“Veterinarians are involved in the food chain, communicable disease prevention and the education of animal owners,” Easley said. “We need to be on the lookout for foreign animal diseases that terrorists might try to introduce to our livestock.”
Easley agreed that highly contagious, foreign animal diseases could have a devastating impact on the nation's economy. Diseases that do not transmit to humans include foot-and-mouth disease, hog cholera and Rhinderpest. Other disease can affect both humans and animals.
Anthrax is a naturally occurring disease in animals that is typically not very contagious. Humans can contract it from a cut that contacts infected soil, and animals can get it from eating infected grass. However, anthrax can be a highly dangerous weapon when it is specifically prepared as particles that can float in the air.
“If anthrax were sprayed in an area, veterinarians would be in the forefront of identifying it as we would see the dead animals and recognize the signs of anthrax.”
No specific call to action concerning bioterrorism has been made to Mississippi veterinarians, but Easley said it is the profession's job to be vigilant. “Raise your antennae and be sensitive to what might be considered a terrorist event such as the appearance of an unusual disease or high animal mortality rates,” Easley said.
Bonnie Coblentz writes for Mississippi State University Ag Communications. |
How are these tests used?
Not all drug levels need to be monitored. These tests are used to monitor blood levels of particular drugs that have a narrow range in which the drug is effective but not toxic. In addition, some drugs will be monitored | How are these tests used?
Not all drug levels need to be monitored. These tests are used to monitor blood levels of particular drugs that have a narrow range in which the drug is effective but not toxic. In addition, some drugs will be monitored because the amount of drug given does not correlate well with the amount of drug that may reach the bloodstream. Sometimes, the way that a particular drug is absorbed and metabolized can vary from person to person, or the physical or health status of a person can affect the drug level in the blood.
Through ye |
We’re all familiar with the uncomfortable feelings stress can create. What’s even more important than the feelings, however, is what that stress may be doing to our bodies. The medical community links “psychosocial stress” to both the onset and | We’re all familiar with the uncomfortable feelings stress can create. What’s even more important than the feelings, however, is what that stress may be doing to our bodies. The medical community links “psychosocial stress” to both the onset and the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), proof positive that stress affects our lives beyond our conscious feelings. Plainly put, stress can indeed kill and reducing stress is key to protecting our health and wellbeing. The good news is that it appears that our brains may well have the power to positively impact our health by helping keep stress at bay.
Transcendental Meditation (TM) has been shown to reduce stress and help overcome the stress-driven contributors to CVD, including hypertension. The beneficial outcomes springing from this mind-over-matter are so promising that The National Institute of Health has granted over $24 million in grants over the past 20+ years to study the effects of Transcendental Meditation and related programs tackling CVD. A study recently released in the American Heart Association’s journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes tracked the impact of Transcendental Meditation versus health education on heart disease in a controlled sample of 201 African-American men and women who had already been diagnosed with CVD. TM came in strong as a tool for helping improve the cardio health of the participants over a 5 + year period, significantly reducing risk for mortality, myocardial infarction (a.k.a. heart attack), and stroke along with lowering blood pressure.
The study authors describe TM as a “simple, natural, effortless procedure that is practiced 20 minutes twice a day while sitting comfortably with the eyes closed.” During this process, ordinary thinking processes settle down and physiological rest kicks in. Although the process may be simple, there was nothing simple about the training study participants received. It was quite intense with an instructor certified by the Maharashi Foundation guiding them through a 7-step course of instruction over six 1.5 -2 hour meetings with follow-up over the course of the study. They invested hours in learning to calm their minds and their bodies, an investment that paid off.
The implications of this study and the string of similar studies go beyond African-Americans. The writing is on the wall for everyone. Meditation and developing the ability to truly calm our minds might well improve the health of our bodies. Transcendental Meditation may not be on your radar but if you think about it, what’s not to love about a risk-free potential pathway to better health? TM has a lot going for it. Once you master the process it costs nothing, can be practiced almost anywhere and requires no special equipment. It’s certainly worth looking into. Your heart may just thank you. |
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Theorbo
|←Theopompus||1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 26
|See also Theorbo on Wikipedia, and our 1911 Enc | 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Theorbo
|←Theopompus||1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 26
|See also Theorbo on Wikipedia, and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.|
THEORBO [Fr. théorbe, Ger. Theorba, Ital. theorba, Baritone], the large double-necked bass lute much used during the 16th and 17th centuries as general bass in the orchestra. The body of the theorbo was constructed on the same principles as that of the lute but larger, and the same scheme of decoration was followed. The neck, instead of being bent back at an angle to form the head, was straight, having sufficient pegs set in the sides of the head for from 12 to 16 strings tuned in pairs of unisons; on the fingerboards were marked 8 or more frets for semitones. Above this neck was another without frets, curving forwards and slightly to one side to enable the long bass strings, stretched not over but at the side of the neck, to escape the pegs of the shorter strings. These free strings, known as diapason strings (Ger. Begleitseiten) were plucked à vide like those of the lyre, each giving but one note; the number of these strings varied from 8 to 12.
The theorbo was made in two sizes, the ordinary instrument measuring about 3 ft. 6 in., and the Paduan, also known as archlute, about 5 ft. The chitarrone, or Roman theorbo, was the largest of all, a contrabass lute in fact, and frequently stood over 6 ft. high. It differed slightly from the theorbo; the body was a little smaller than in the Paduan variety, the whole of the extra length being in the second neck. The strings over the fingerboard were of steel or brass, and the diapason strings of spun wire. |
The DeKalb County charter school is one of nine winners of federal Innovation Fund grants created through Georgia’s Race to the Top plan. The purpose of the $19.4 million program is to promote innovation in science, technology, engineering and math | The DeKalb County charter school is one of nine winners of federal Innovation Fund grants created through Georgia’s Race to the Top plan. The purpose of the $19.4 million program is to promote innovation in science, technology, engineering and math, applied learning and charter schools.
Through this grant, Museum School teachers will work with partners such as Zoo Atlanta, Georgia Tech, ArtsNow, the Atlanta History Center, Fernbank Museum of Natural History and the Georgia Aquarium to create traveling learning trunks. The lessons will align with Georgia’s learning standards and expose students to the curriculum in fresh, fun and accessible ways.
“Our students have benefited so much from the hands-on approach and we wanted to share it,” said Principal Katherine Kelbaugh. “Funding from this grant will enable us to create the highest quality learning trunks to best replicate The Museum School experience.”
Many schools have had to cut their field-trip budgets. The trunks will enable schools to bring the field trip to their students at no cost. Inside the trunks, teachers will find artifacts, resources, lessons and activities, all engaging and relevant. The learning trunks will first be available to DeKalb County schools and later offered to schools in metro Atlanta and Georgia.
State officials are working out the grant details, including the exact amount The Museum School and other recipients will get.
Located near Avondale Estates, The Museum School is in its third year of operation and serves students in grades kindergarten through fifth-grade. The school will add a grade each year through eighth-grade. |
UPDATE 5 October 2010
RTOFS (Atlantic) Graphic Nowcasts/Forecasts - Latest Surface Temperature ~ link
Life on this Earth Just Changed
The latest satellite data establishes that the North Atlantic Current (also called the North | UPDATE 5 October 2010
RTOFS (Atlantic) Graphic Nowcasts/Forecasts - Latest Surface Temperature ~ link
Life on this Earth Just Changed
The latest satellite data establishes that the North Atlantic Current (also called the North Atlantic Drift) no longer exists and along with it the Norway Current. These two warm water currents are actually part of the same system that has several names depending on where in the Atlantic Ocean it is. The entire system is a key part of the planet's heat regulatory system; it is what keeps Ireland and the United Kingdom mostly ice free and the Scandinavia countries from being too cold; it is what keeps the entire world from another Ice Age. This Thermohaline Circulation System is now dead in places and dying in others.
This 'river' of warm water that moves through the Atlantic Ocean is called, in various places, the South Atlantic Current, the North Brazil Current, the Caribbean Current, the Yucatan Current, the Loop Current, the Florida Current, the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic Current (or North Atlantic Drift) and the Norway Current.
It is a university level physics experiment to use a tub of cool water and inject a colored stream of warm water into it. You can see the boundary layers of the warm water stream. If you add oil to the tub it breaks down the boundary layers of the warm water stream and effectively destroys the current vorticity. This is what is happening in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Atlantic Ocean.
The entire 'river of warm water' that flows from the Caribbean to the edges of Western Europe is dying due to the Corexit that the Obama Administration allowed BP to use to hide the scale of the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster. The approximately two million gallons of Corexit, plus several million gallons of other dispersants, have caused the over two hundred million gallons of crude oil, that has gushed for months from the BP wellhead and nearby sites, to mostly sink to the bottom of the ocean. This has helped to effectively hide much of the oil, with the hopes that BP can seriously reduce the mandated federal fines from the oil disaster. However, there is no current way to effectively 'clean up' the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico, which is about half covered in crude oil. Additionally, the oil has flowed up the East Coast of America and into the North Atlantic Ocean, and there is no way to effectively clean up this'sea bottom oil'. It is likely, based on numerous reports, that the oil is still flowing in massive amounts from multiple places on the seabed floor. This effectively means, that even if we had the technology in place to somehow clean up the free flowing thick crude oil deep in the ocean, it would likely not be enough to reverse the damage to the Thermohaline Circulation System in the Atlantic Ocean.
Dr. Deagle: The evidence has come in from ROV video and other experts such as Matt Simmons, BK Lim, and Lindsay Williams and my own anonymous whistleblowers from inside the closed circle of Cameron Ironworks, Tranocean Marine, Oceaneering International. My source provided very solid info re the ROV analysis by Oceaneering engineers that the BOP Blow Out Preventer was'modified' and never had hydraulics to close the BOP. BP knew that the field had dangerous high levels of methane, hydrogen sulphide, and pressures exceeded any valve technology as the current state of the art. The seeps continue along a fractured fault line from the Macondo well site where evidence presented by BK Lim that the only well of three that reached the abiotic batholith ocean of oil and gas was never capped or stopped and has continued to leak along the ocean floor and inject oil and gas |
The celiac disease & lactose intolerant connection
When they are newly diagnosed with celiac disease, many people also discover that they are lactose intolerant and have difficulty digesting milk and products containing milk.
This type of lactose intolerance | The celiac disease & lactose intolerant connection
When they are newly diagnosed with celiac disease, many people also discover that they are lactose intolerant and have difficulty digesting milk and products containing milk.
This type of lactose intolerance is called “secondary lactose intolerance.” It is a temporary form that develops as a result of celiac disease and resolves (in most cases) as the intestine heals.
Lactose is a sugar found in milk. It is a “disaccharide” meaning it is made up of two units of sugars. “Di” means two and “saccharide” means sugar. Specifically, lactose is made up of one unit of glucose and one unit of galactose.
Disaccharides — including lactose — cannot be absorbed intact from the small intestine. Instead they must be separated into single units of sugar (monosaccharides). Enzymes that help do this are found in the small intestine.
When someone has lactose intolerance, lactose passes undigested through the intestinal tract where it causes symptoms familiar to anyone who suffers from this condition — diarrhea, gas and bloating.
But why does lactose intolerance develop in the first place?
The lining of the small intestine contains hair-like projections called villi. These villi are lined by cells called enterocytes, and each one of them has smaller hair-like projections called microvilli. These microvilli also are called the “brush border.” Enzymes that help digest sugars (as well as break down products of protein) are found in the brush border and are called “brush border enzymes.”
When you have celiac disease, the mucosa (or lining) of your small intestine is damaged. Specifically, the villi become shortened or even completely flattened. This results in a decrease in brush border enzymes.
Brush border enzymes include lactase which helps digest the sugar lactose found in milk; sucrase which helps digest the sugar sucrose found in varying amounts in all plant |
Skip to comments.Answer, but No Cure, for a Social Disorder That Isolates Many
Posted on 04/29/2004 12:06:59 PM PDT by neverdem
Last July, Steven Miller, a university | Skip to comments.Answer, but No Cure, for a Social Disorder That Isolates Many
Posted on 04/29/2004 12:06:59 PM PDT by neverdem
Last July, Steven Miller, a university librarian, came across an article about a set of neurological conditions he had never heard of called autistic spectrum disorders. By the time he finished reading, his face was wet with tears.
"This is me," Mr. Miller remembers thinking in the minutes and months of eager research that followed. "To read about it and feel that I'm not the only one, that maybe it's O.K., maybe it's just a human difference, was extremely emotional. In a way it has changed everything, even though nothing has changed."
Mr. Miller, 49, who excels at his job but finds the art of small talk impossible to master, has since been given a diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome, an autistic disorder notable for the often vast discrepancy between the intellectual and social abilities of those who have it.
Because Asperger's was not widely identified until recently, thousands of adults like Mr. Miller people who have never fit in socially are only now stumbling across a neurological explanation for their lifelong struggles with ordinary human contact.
As Mr. Miller learned from the article, autism is now believed to encompass a wide spectrum of impairment and intelligence, from the classically unreachable child to people with Asperger's and a similar condition called high-functioning autism, who have normal intelligence and often superior skills in a given area. But they all share a defining trait: They are what autism researchers call "mind blind." Lacking the ability to read cues like body language to intuit what other people are thinking, they have profound difficulty navigating basic social interactions. The diagnosis is reordering their lives. Some have become newly determined to learn how to compensate.
They are filling up scarce classes that teach skills like how close to stand next to someone at a party, or how to tell when people are angry even when they are smiling. Others, like Mr. Miller, have decided to disclose their diagnosis, hoping to deflect the often-hostile responses their odd manners and miscues provoke. In some cases, it has helped. In others, it seemed only to elicit one more rejection.
This new wave of discovery among Aspies, as many call themselves, is also sending ripples through the lives of their families, soothing tension among some married couples, prompting others to call it quits. Parents who saw their adult children as lost causes or black sheep are fumbling for ways to help them, suddenly realizing that they are disabled, not stubborn or lazy.
For both Aspies and their families, relief that their difficulties are not a result of bad parenting or a fundamental character flaw is often coupled with acute disappointment at the news that there is no cure for the disorder and no drug to treat it.
"We are with Asperger's where we were 20 years ago with mental illness," said Lynda Geller, director of community services at the Cody Center for Autism in Stony Brook, N.Y. "It is thought to be your fault, you should just shape up, work harder, be nicer. The fact that your brain actually works differently so you can't is not universally appreciated."
Some Aspies interviewed asked to remain anonymous for fear of being stigmatized. But with the knowledge that their dysfunction is rooted in biology, many say remaining silent to pass as normal has become an even greater strain.
"I would like nothing better than to shout it out to everyone," a pastor in California whose Asperger's was just diagnosed wrote in an e-mail message. "But there is so much explanation and education that needs to happen that I risk being judged incompetent."
Some are finding solace in support groups where they are meeting others like themselves for the first time. And a growing number are beginning to celebrate their own unique way of seeing the world. They question the superiority of people they call "neurotypicals" or "N.T.'s"and challenge them to adopt a more enlightened, gentle outlook toward social eccentricities.
Asks the tag line of one online Asperger support group: "Is ANYONE really `normal?' "
Discovery: Finding Reason for Social Gaffes
In recent years, a growing awareness about autism has led to a sharp increase in children receiving special services for their autism disorders. But for many adults who came before them, the process of discovering the condition has been haphazard.
Mr. Miller, a senior academic librarian at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, had searched for years for an explanation for what he saw as a personal failing, at one point buying stacks of self-help books. Many others sink into depression, their conditions misdiagnosed, or struggle without any help.
Now, autism centers intended for children are being flooded with adults who suspect they have Asperger's. Since the condition runs in families, psychologists treating autistic children are often the ones diagnosing it in parents or relatives.
Often the new diagnoses involve people who for years have been deemed rude, clueless or just plain weird because of their blunt comments or all-too-personal disclosures. They typically have a penc |
|Product #: EMC0785092_TQ|
Animal Defenses (Ten-Minute Activities) (Resource Book Only) eBookGrade 4|Grade 5|Grade 6
Please Note: This ebook is a digital download, NOT | |Product #: EMC0785092_TQ|
Animal Defenses (Ten-Minute Activities) (Resource Book Only) eBookGrade 4|Grade 5|Grade 6
Please Note: This ebook is a digital download, NOT a physical product. After purchase, you will be provided a one time link to download ebooks to your computer. Orders paid by PayPal require up to 8 business hours to verify payment and release electronic media. For immediate downloads, payment with credit card is required.
'A Good Defense' is a ten-minute science activity in which students form small groups, discuss ways that animals protect themselves, and write a description of the defenses of a newly-discovered animal, the snarflebotter.
Submit a review |
- The brain evolved not to interpret reality perfectly but to make quick and useful judgments about our surroundings. Illusions reveal some of these quirky neural shortcuts.
- One groundbreaking new illusion exploits the fact that a shift in attention (with no change of gaze | - The brain evolved not to interpret reality perfectly but to make quick and useful judgments about our surroundings. Illusions reveal some of these quirky neural shortcuts.
- One groundbreaking new illusion exploits the fact that a shift in attention (with no change of gaze) changes what we see. Two others trade on the characteristics of peripheral vision, which registers motion but misses key details such as an object's true position.
- The Best Illusion of the Year Contest brings scientific and popular attention to these delightful perceptual oddities. Anyone can submit an illusion to next year's contest: see http://illusionoftheyear.com/submission-instructions for the rules.
A trusting young woman puts her hands in a box with a transparent top. She is participating in an experiment, but this one has the aura of a magic show. The investigators ask her to hold her hands steady between vertical blue lines. She does so, watching her hands carefully. They do not appear to move, nor does she feel as if they are moving.
The investigators flick a switch, and the box darkens on one side, obscuring her right hand. They ask her to reach across with her left hand to touch her now invisible right. She complies, but her eyes suddenly widen with alarm. All she feels with her left hand is empty space.
This article was originally published with the title Mirages and Mind Benders the 10 Best Illusions of the Year. |
Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog.
Note: Contents data are machine generated based on pre-publication provided by the publisher. Contents may have variations from the printed book or be incomplete or contain other coding | Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog.
Note: Contents data are machine generated based on pre-publication provided by the publisher. Contents may have variations from the printed book or be incomplete or contain other coding.
Contents Introduction: 1. One Size Doesn¿t Fit All 1 The Uniquely Parochial Development of Liberal Democracy Human Rights for an East Asian Context Democracy for an East Asian Context Capitalism for an East Asian Context A Note on the Culturally Sensitive Approach to Political Theorizing Part I: Human Rights for an East Asian Context 2. Just War and Confucianism: Implications for the Contemporary World 38 Ideal Theory versus Non-Ideal Theory General Confucian Principles of Good Government Mencius on Just and Unjust War Implications for Contemporary Societies 3. Human Rights and ¿Values in Asia¿: Reflections on East-West Dialogues 86 Trade-Offs and Priorities Asian Justifications for Human Rights ¿Values in Asia¿ versus Western Liberalism: Justifiable Moral Differences? Cross-Cultural Dialogues on Human Rights: What¿s the Point? 4. The Ethical Challenges of International Human Rights NGOs: Reflections on Dialogues between Practitioners and Theorists 142 The Challenge of Cultural Conflict The Challenge of Dealing with Global Poverty The Challenge of Dealing with States that Restrict the Activities of INGOs The Challenge of Fund-Raising Implications for INGOs in East Asia Part II: Democracy for an East Asian Context 5. What¿s Wrong with Active Citizenship? A Comparison of Physical Education in Ancient Greece and Ancient China 201 Two Ancient Civilizations Why Compare State-Sponsored Physical Education in the Two Ancient Civilizations? Political Competition and Sports Competition Commercial Societies, Leisure Time and the Pursuit of Physical Excellence Implications for Contemporary East Asian Societies 6. Taking Elitism Seriously: Democracy with Confucian Characteristics 254 Political Elitism and Democracy: Two Important Values Institutionalizing Confucian Democracy 7. Is Democracy the ¿Least Bad¿ System for Minority Groups? 303 Some Definitions Democracy and Nation-Building Implications for Outside Pro-Democracy Forces 8. Democratic Education in a Multicultural Context: Lessons from Singapore 346 Singapore¿s Political History Racism in the Classroom? Inclusive Multiculturalism Beyond Singapore? Part III: Capitalism for an East Asian Context 9. Culture and Egalitarian Development: Confucian Constraints on Property Rights 382 On the Selection of Feasible and Confucian Values for Modern Societies The Overriding Value of Material Welfare The Value of Care for Needy Family Members Exporting Confucianism 10. East Asian Capitalism for an Age of Globalization 424 East Asian Capitalism and Economic Productivity East Asian Capitalism and Social Welfare Implications for Public Policy 11. Justice for Migrant Workers? The Case of Migrant Domestic Workers in East Asia 469 The Political Concerns of Foreign Domestic Workers in Hong Kong and Singapore Should Foreign Domestic Workers Be Given Equal Rights? The Role of Culture Migrant Domestic Workers in Mainland China Responses to Critics: 12. The Real and the Ideal 545
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Democracy -- East Asia.
H |
On this day. 1945: Franklin D. Roosevelt died. He was the 32nd president, serving between 1933-45. Elected to the presidency a record four times, Roosevelt guided America through its most challenging period — | On this day. 1945: Franklin D. Roosevelt died. He was the 32nd president, serving between 1933-45. Elected to the presidency a record four times, Roosevelt guided America through its most challenging period — the Great Depression and World War II. After his death, the constitution was amended, saying |
February 25, 2009 By Elaine Rundle
Have you ever wanted to know how much carbon dioxide your state or city emits? Vulcan -- a new layer for Google Earth -- is a high-resolution, interactive map of carbon dioxide emissions in | February 25, 2009 By Elaine Rundle
Have you ever wanted to know how much carbon dioxide your state or city emits? Vulcan -- a new layer for Google Earth -- is a high-resolution, interactive map of carbon dioxide emissions in the United States.
Purdue University led a team of scientists who developed Vulcan, which allows users to view carbon dioxide emissions at the state level, county level or per capita. According to a press release from the university, it also allows users to view the carbon-dioxide emissions by the emitter, such as industrial, commercial, residential and electricity production. Vulcan quantifies burning fossil fuels, such as coal and gasoline, to create the map layer.
The project involved researchers from Purdue University, Colorado State University and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and took three years to develop. Vulcan was funded by NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy.
According to the press release: "Vulcan integrates data including imagery of the Earth's surface captured by the NASA-built Landsat 5 satellite, carbon dioxide emissions data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy, and population data from the U.S. Census Bureau."
|
Kitagawa Utamaro (Japanese, 1754-1806)
Sheet - h:38.20 w:25.40 cm (h:15 w:10 inches)
Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore
By | Kitagawa Utamaro (Japanese, 1754-1806)
Sheet - h:38.20 w:25.40 cm (h:15 w:10 inches)
Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore
By mid-nineteenth century, Japanese prints were avidly collected in Paris by many artists, including Cassatt and Degas. The brilliant colors, contrasting decorative patterns, and elimination of perspective that were typical of ukiyo-e-popular genre woodblock prints-were liberating to the avant-garde Impressionists who emulated the Japanese style in their own work. Cassatt was enraptured by a monumental exhibition of 725 Japanese prints held at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1890. In a letter to her friend, the artist Berthe Morisot, she confessed to dreaming about making her own color prints. Within months she embarked on a suite of prints she described as making in "imitation of the Japanese print."
Signature: Utamaro hitsu
Publisher: Omiya Gonkuro (Omiya, emblem) |
In years past, college-bound students have been assured that the cost of college is worth the potential for a high-paying career. While this belief was accurate decades ago, a newly released study by the Center for College Affordability and Productivity, | In years past, college-bound students have been assured that the cost of college is worth the potential for a high-paying career. While this belief was accurate decades ago, a newly released study by the Center for College Affordability and Productivity, a non-profit organization, reveals that more post-graduates are landing occupations that do not require a bachelor’s degree.
The findings of the study call into question whether adding savings account funds in the name of higher education is really worth it, or if those savings would be better put toward a home or retirement.
What a College Tuition Gets You
According to the study’s lead investigator and institution’s founder, Richard Vedder, underemployed college graduates who have coughed up the necessary college tuition to obtain a degree may be in the midst of a new norm: A higher percentage of young professionals accepting non-degree types of employment.
“There are going to be an awful lot of disappointed people because a lot of them are going to end up as janitors,” Vedder says.
The report, which bases its findings on 2010 data from the U.S. Census Bureau and Labor Department data, reveals that the number of taxi drivers who held bachelor’s degrees rose to 15 percent, compared to 1 percent in the 1970s. Additionally, retail sales clerks, a position that is typically regarded as a part-time gig for graduation-bound students, has turned into a full-time profession; in 2010, 25 percent of sales clerks held a bachelor’s degree, up more than 20 percent compared to 1970.
One reason Vedder suggests for this occurrence is the fact that in 2010, college graduates entering the job market almost doubled the availability of college-degree jobs — 41.7 million to 28.6 million, respectively.
With such a dire job outlook for fresh college graduates, paying for the cost of college may be a fruitless financial move.
How to Manage the Cost of College
Free federal aid still exists on as merit or need-based assistance, for those who submit their Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) and who qualify for certain programs. In terms of cutting back on the cost of college, students have many options including:
- Attending community college their first two years
- Living at home
- Pursuing a major in a high-demand field |
John Edwards on August 28, 2007
The biometrics concept — using a fingerprint,a hand shape, an eye structure, a voice pattern or another physical characteristic as an identification token— has been kicking around for several decades, especially in | John Edwards on August 28, 2007
The biometrics concept — using a fingerprint,a hand shape, an eye structure, a voice pattern or another physical characteristic as an identification token— has been kicking around for several decades, especially in older science fiction. But the approach is now gaining traction, as successful biometric systems become cheaper and easier to use and as the need for enhanced security continues to grow.
Biometrics advocates argue that the technology is preferable in many ways to conventional security mechanisms, since physical characteristics cannot be misplaced, forgotten, or easily forged or stolen. But skeptics counter that biometric techniques are invasive and aren't as foolproof as the technology's proponents would lead people to believe. So which side is right? Well, let's take a look at the facts.
Dan Miller, a senior analyst at San Francisco-based Opus Research, reports that companies and government agencies have so far spent more than $2 billion on ways to use the unique attributes of individuals for authentication and identification purposes. All of this money and research has led to a variety of biometrics technologies.
Fingerprints have long been the leading biometric technique, since it is established that no two fingerprints are ever exactly alike, and fingerprint readers are now both cheap and widely available. Other top biometric approaches include iris, face and, hand scans; voiceprints; and even the measurements of the unique ways a person types information into a keyboard (a practice that's every bit as unique as a signature, proponents claim).
All of the leading biometric technologies can be easily used at ATMs, kiosks, vending machines and similar fixed-location devices. Desktop and portable computers, meanwhile, can be equipped with fingerprint readers as either a built-in or optional technology. In fact, it is now common for new laptop computers to have fingerprint readers as an option. When authenticating over mobile and fixed-line phone connections, voice- pattern technology is considered the most practical biometric approach, since it requires no special hardware or software on the user's device.
Critics allege that many of the least expensive biometrics technologies are easily defeated. Several years ago, a team of German researchers fooled a facial-recognition scanner by showing the camera a short video. The same team cracked an iris scanner by displaying a photograph of an iris printed on a high-resolution color laser printer.
Tsutomu Matsumoto, researching the security of thumbprint readers for the ITU (International Telecommunications Union), has demonstrated how fake fingerprints could be pressed into a gelatin mold similar to the type used to make gummy bears.
Voice-pattern recognition has its drawbacks, too. Apple introduced voice-pattern access into its operating system several years ago but almost no one uses it. The reason? Unlike your voice, passwords still work when you have a bad cold.
Countering these reports, biometrics proponents state that biometrics technologies are improving rapidly and that solutions to known shortcomings are either already available or will besoon. But that's a claim that has been made by biometrics advocates repeatedly over the years, with hackers always finding new ways of leaping ahead of technology advancements.
Since both biometrics and conventional security methodologies remain imperfect, a growing number of security experts suggest using biometrics to complement and enhance existing security approaches rather than replace them.
Voice-pattern-recognition technology, for example, can be easily combined with password protection. A phone caller contacting a system secured by both approaches would be asked by the recognition software to say the secret word, which would then automatically match both the password and the voice pattern to the user's account. Likewise, a fingerprint reader or iris scanner may ask its user to log in to the system with either a typed password or a magnetically encoded card.
So while the idea of biometrics as a stand-alone security methodology may indeed turn out to be a passing fad, individual technologies could find long-term success by supplementing organizations' existing security procedures. |
Good writing requires attention to lots of rules and conventions. They may not be fun to learn, but they are vital if you are to communicate your ideas with credibility.
Number the pages and staple them together. Why is this so hard to do? | Good writing requires attention to lots of rules and conventions. They may not be fun to learn, but they are vital if you are to communicate your ideas with credibility.
Number the pages and staple them together. Why is this so hard to do? |
If a number is negative are all the leading bits 1?
For example I tried converting -26 with 2's compliment and got 11100110 but my calculator converted as 1111100110
not all the leading bits. Only | If a number is negative are all the leading bits 1?
For example I tried converting -26 with 2's compliment and got 11100110 but my calculator converted as 1111100110
not all the leading bits. Only the MSB(most significant bit) has to be 1. you've used 8-bit number system. The calculator must be using 10-bit number systems. so in 8-bit system -26 is represented as 11100110 and in 10-bit system it is shown as 1111100110
So to convert from a lower bit to a higher bit, the leading bits of the higher bit are the same as the leading bit from the lower bit?
In the example to convert to 10 bit we added two 1 to the beginning because it was negative? if it had been positive we would have added two 0s to the beginning?
Suppose that we have an n-bit negative number, i.e.,
for some, and suppose we add k bits. Then if we pad them with ones, the resulting numbe |
city, district, and port, north-central North Island, New Zealand. It is situated on a 2-mile (3-kilometre) neck projecting from the southeastern shore of Tauranga Harbour, a crescent-shaped inlet opening onto | city, district, and port, north-central North Island, New Zealand. It is situated on a 2-mile (3-kilometre) neck projecting from the southeastern shore of Tauranga Harbour, a crescent-shaped inlet opening onto the Bay of Plenty. An Anglican mission was established there in 1834, and its Elms Mission House (1838-47) still stands. The Monmouth Redoubt, built as defense against the Maoris during the wars of the 1860s, also remains. The city's name is a Maori word meaning "resting place," or "safe anchorage." Tauranga was incorporated as a borough in 1882 and became a city in the early 1960s. Located along the East Coast Main Trunk Railway to Auckland (179 miles [288 km] northwest), it serves an agricultural district (livestock, fruit, and vegetables). It contains oil installations, flour and cement mills, printing houses, boaty |
These weirs have large capacity, but have less sensitivity for flow measurement.
The rectangular weir is also known as a notch weir. The weir coefficient is based
on ratio between the head on the weir crest and the height above the bottom of the | These weirs have large capacity, but have less sensitivity for flow measurement.
The rectangular weir is also known as a notch weir. The weir coefficient is based
on ratio between the head on the weir crest and the height above the bottom of the
pond. Based on the standard formula, in cases where the length is small and the
depth is great, the standard formula can become negative. When the adjusted
length is less than 0.2 ft, the program will assume that the weir is operating
as an orifice with the opening area defined by the current water surface elevation
and the weir length. The orifice formula is applied to the centroid of the
weir (stg-crest) divided by 2.
Figure 8: Rectangular Weir
Practical design limits for the rectangular weir are:
- H >= 0.03 met |
Playing is a child’s primary job, and a beneficial one at that. Through play, children develop fine and gross motor skills, practice language and develop new vocabulary, and begin to understand new learning concepts.
Below is a sample of all that is | Playing is a child’s primary job, and a beneficial one at that. Through play, children develop fine and gross motor skills, practice language and develop new vocabulary, and begin to understand new learning concepts.
Below is a sample of all that is involved and developing when your child plays with dolls. |
Mexican researchers have reconstructed the political, economic, religious and cultural life of the ancient Mayan capital of Palenque on the basis of inscriptions left behind by its governing caste, the National Institute of Anthropology and History, or INAH | Mexican researchers have reconstructed the political, economic, religious and cultural life of the ancient Mayan capital of Palenque on the basis of inscriptions left behind by its governing caste, the National Institute of Anthropology and History, or INAH, said Wednesday.
The governing caste of Palenque, from its first ruler, or Ajaw, to the last, left written testimony of dates, myths, births, deaths and battles, the INAH said in a statement.
The researchers traced the history of the nobility of Palenque, which was located in what today is the southeastern Mexican state of Chiapas and reached its peak in the 7th century, by deciphering what its 18 rulers left inscribed on stelae, lintels, panels and structures decorated with mural painting and reliefs.
The information obtained by deciphering these glyphic texts has been compiled in the book “‘Palenque-Lakam Ha,’ an Immortal Presence of the Indigenous Past,” by experts Mercedes de la Garza, Martha Cuevas Garcia and Guillermo Bernal Romero.
The inhabitants of Palenque, a significant western capital of the Early Classic Maya period, called the city “Lakam Ha,” or “Place of the Great Waters,” because of its numerous springs, streams and wide cascades. |
Cardiac Arrest: Medically Induced Hypothermia to Spare Brain Tissue
Guest: Dr. Ed Jauch – Emergency Medicine, MUSC
Host: Dr. Linda Austin – Psychiatry, MUSC
Dr. Linda Austin | Cardiac Arrest: Medically Induced Hypothermia to Spare Brain Tissue
Guest: Dr. Ed Jauch – Emergency Medicine, MUSC
Host: Dr. Linda Austin – Psychiatry, MUSC
Dr. Linda Austin: I’m Dr. Linda Austin. I’m interviewing Dr. Ed Jauch, who is a physician in the Emergency Department. Dr. Jauch, we have a really interesting topic to talk about that I, frankly, know nothing about; it’s very new, which is the use of hypothermia for the treatment of patients who’ve had CPR, or defibrillation. First, I guess, just to think about those terms, what, exactly, is hypothermia?
Dr. Ed Jauch: Well, there are two forms of hypothermia. There’s the form that we’re at risk for now; given the cold weather, where your body’s ability to generate heat is outpaced by how much it loses. So, that’s more the environmental form of hypothermia. They type that we’re talking about today is the medicinal form, or medically-induced hypothermia. This is where we deliberately cause the body’s core temperature to drop to a fixed point in an effort to blunt the injuries to the brain that are experienced when the body doesn’t give enough blood to it.
Dr. Linda Austin: Give us some background on this. Why would that be a concern to begin with in a situation where a patient; a person, out in the community might have had CPR, or defibrillation?
Dr. Ed Jauch: Well, we’ve learned a lot just from observation. So, a lot of the early work stemmed from the observation that patients who had cardiac arrest in cold climates; or patients who had submersion events, like they ran their car off the road into the cold water, actually had a better chance for a functional outcome when their body temperatures were lower, compared to similar patients who had cardiac arrest in warm environments. So, there was something protective about those experiences in the cold weather that saved some parts of their brain, or all of their brain, after a cardiac arrest. It gave them better outcomes.
So, after animal studies, and observational studies in humans, we’ve actually seen several trials in the last four or five years that have demonstrated that patients who have deliberate cooling of their brain after they’ve had a cardiac arrest; and we’ve been able to shock them back or, as you said, defibrillate them back to a normal a cardiac rhythm, have better functional outcomes at discharge. They’re more likely to be admitted to the hospital versus dying in the field. They’re more likely to be discharged to home versus dying in the hospital. And they’re more likely to be discharged to home with a good functional recovery than if we didn’t induce hypothermia. So, this is where we’re deliberately cooling the brain down to a target temperature and keeping them that way for, roughly, about a day, and then gently rewarming them, and trying to improve the body’s ability to blunt the injuries to the brain after their cardiac arrest.
Dr. Linda Austin: How do you go about doing that?
Dr. Ed Jauch: Well, that’s a good question. So, we’re really looking at doing this as quickly as possible. That, really, means that we need to do it in the prehospital setting. So, in the prehospital setting, the goal is to have some form of cold agent available to the paramedics, and that consists of two here in Charleston. One is they’ll have ice packs, at 32 degrees, that they’ll be able to place on critical parts of the body. So, if you stick them in the axillary, or armpits, in the groin, and around the neck, those are areas where very large blood vessels are underneath the skin, and it’s a way for us to cool the blood. The other way is to actually give cold saline through the veins; IV. So, we have bags of normal saline, which is the fluid we give our patients in the prehospital setting, that have also been chilled to just above freezing. By delivering that directly into your blood, it’s a way to start the cooling process in the prehospital setting.
Dr. Linda Austin: Now, when you say prehospital, you mean somebody’s house, for example, where EMS has been called, or out on the golf course, or something like that?
Dr. Ed Jauch: Exactly. So, an example would be somebody, like you said, has a cardiac arrest on the golf course and the bystanders that witnessed this do the right things, which are to call 911 and begin CPR. And it, really, is the quality of CPR prior to the arrival of EMS agencies that really give the patient the best chance for having a successful defibrillation. So, knowing CPR is critical. Once the paramedics arrive and place the defibrillato |
Yikes! Even the name of this condition sounds uncomfortable. "Pinched nerve." To take a nerve, one of the most delicate and most important tissues in the human body, and then squeeze it without mercy...
The pain from a "pin | Yikes! Even the name of this condition sounds uncomfortable. "Pinched nerve." To take a nerve, one of the most delicate and most important tissues in the human body, and then squeeze it without mercy...
The pain from a "pinched nerve" is usually described as a sharp burning sensation, which may travel from the spine down the arm (sometimes called radiculopathy) or down the leg (sciatica). When this stabbing burning pain is felt, we sometimes say that we have suffered a "pinched nerve".
Fortunately for all of us, many times a "pinched nerve" is not really a nerve that is pinched. Only larger bundles of nerves, such as the sciatic nerve, or relatively exposed nerves in the arms and legs, such as the fibular nerve, tend to be susceptible to mechanical compression.
It was once thought that when the bones of the spine misalign, they literally choke off the nerves that travel between them. This choking mechanism would prevent the nerves from properly sending their signals to other nerves and organs, as well as preventing the nerves from repairing themselves. It was also thought that this type of squeezing could occur when nerves become trapped between ligaments, tendons, muscles, scar tissue and other tissues. But we now know this is not usually the case. Most spinal nerves are very difficult to squeeze in this manner without major trauma (such as an athletic injury, often called a stinger).
From this discussion, it's easy to see that the location of the pain can often help indicate what the problem really is: a pinched nerve, or something else?
Other conditions near the spine can cause the same type of sudden burning pain, including facet syndrome (when the joints of the spine become inflamed as the result of improper motion), inflammation near the spine, rib dislocation or subluxation, a sprain, or some types of spinal subluxations. Irritations such as these can be caused by repetitive motions, improper work habits, or an unusual sleep posture ("I woke up with a crick in my neck").
How We Can Help Your Pinched Nerve
Proper diagnosis is key to rapid recovery from a pinched nerve. The first task for your chiropractor is to determine if your nerve is actually compressed, which may require invasive treatments in some advanced patients. If the nerves are working properly, then the cause of your pain still needs to be located: joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones... all will be evaluated by your doctor.
In most uncomplicated cases of sharp pain, your pain should disappear after only a couple chiropractic adjustments. The burning pain of a pinched nerve is an indication that something is not working properly in the body, and tends to find quick relief after being treated. However, it is possible that you may need a short ongoing course of treatment after the pain goes away in order to fix the cause of the problem and ensure it does not happen again.
Your chiropractic adjustments at Johnson Family Chiropractic are sure to be painless and quick. Sometimes, the pain of a pinched nerve condition can make it difficult to perform some motions such as bending your head or turning your back. Fortunately, the Activator Methods analysis and adjustment protocol that is used at Johnson Family Chiropractic will not require you to bend, twist, or contort your body into any painful positions.
If you are feeling uncomfortable and think you have a pinched nerve, contact Dr. Kyle Johnson to reserve a time for a proper examination and diagnosis. |
The Astra Tubular Slide Pistols
by Ed Buffaloe
The first automatic sidearm in the Spanish military was the Model 1908 Bergmann Bayard, made by the Belgian firm Pieper. The gun fired a powerful | The Astra Tubular Slide Pistols
by Ed Buffaloe
The first automatic sidearm in the Spanish military was the Model 1908 Bergmann Bayard, made by the Belgian firm Pieper. The gun fired a powerful 9x23mm cartridge, known variously as the 9mm Bayard Long, 9mm Bergmann-Bayard, and in Spain as the 9mm Largo. According to Antaris, the Bergmann Bayard was never formally adopted by the Spanish, but the 9mm Largo became the standard military handgun cartridge in Spain and continued in use for over 70 years.
Don Venancio Lˇpez de Ceballos y Aguirre, Count of Campo-Giro, was a member of the commission (Comisiˇn de Experiencias) that was formed in 1896 to select an automatic pistol for the Spanish Military. The Spanish began testing the Bergmann Mars pistol in 1903, and Lˇpez patented his first automatic pistol design on 7 October 1904 (Spanish patent number 34798). The gun was a locked breech design chambered for a 9mm cartridge, almost certainly similar or identical to the Bergmann cartridge for the Mars pistol. It featured an external hammer and a manual safety that locked the sear when the hammer was at half-cock. This first pistol became known as the 1904 Campo Giro, and was manufactured in limited quantities by the Fabrica de Armas Portatiles at Oviedo.
Over time the gun was redesigned and Lˇpez was awarded Spanish patent 55916 on 4 July 1913. The breech lock mechanism was eliminated, replaced by a small buffer spring beneath the chamber to delay opening of the breech and dampen recoil from the powerful cartridge. The new design was formally adopted by the Spanish military as the Model 1913, but is generally referred to as the Campo-Giro because that is the name engraved on it. The Model 1913 was manufactured by Esperanza Y Unceta, the forerunner of the modern Astra company, located in the Basque town of Guernica (pronounced gwer NEE ka). The simplified blowback design was quite unusual in a gun chambered for a powerful military cartridge. It retained an external hammer and a top ejection port like the Bergmann-Bayard, but had its magazine in the grip instead of in front of the trigger guard. It had a very unusual magazine release lever just behind the trigger guard on the left side. The slide was fixed to the frame by a transverse wedge behind the breech which in turn was held in place by the firing pin. The Campo -Giro was large--over 9 inches long, weighed over 2 pounds unloaded, and held 8 rounds in the magazine. It is said to produce a greater muzzle velocity from the 9mm Largo round than the Bergmann-Bayard, due to its longer barrel. The Campo-Giro was updated late in 1915, with a redesigned frame and the magazine release moved to the bottom of the grip, and was reissued as the Model 1913-16. The gun was well made and accurate, but has been described as requiring three hands to disassemble, and by 1919 the Spanish military had begun looking for a replacement. The Campo-Giro was the direct forerunner of the Astra tubular slide guns discussed below.
The Astra Model 400
Two Spanish firms (perhaps more, but only two responded) were invited by the government to submit self-loading pistols for rigorous testing. Esperanza Y Unceta (Astra) submitted two different designs, one of which was the Model 400, and Bonifacio Echeverria submitted a pistol which was marked STAR.
In August of 1921 the Astra Model 400 (also known as the Model 1921) was approved for use by the Spanish army, and was subsequently adopted by the Spanish Carabineros (Guardia Civil), the prison service, and the navy. Chambered for the 9mm Largo, this gun was based on the Campo-Giro with its tubular slide moving in frame grooves and blowback action, but had an internal hammer and was strongly influenced by the 1903 FN Browning Military pistol as well as the 1910 FN Browning. The Model 400 eliminated the transverse wedge that fixed the slide to the frame of the Campo-Giro in favor of a barrel bushing ß la Browning, making the gun much easier to disassemble. It also featured a concentric recoil spring, barrel lugs that rotated into recesses in the frame, a grip safety operated by a flat spring, and a Browning-designed Colt-style disconnector. There was no locked breech--like the Campo-Giro and the above- mentioned Browning designs, the Astra 400 was blowback operated. Unique features of the Astra 400 are a s |
AUSSIE rules need a rethink. The actions of scientists and clinicians are under scrutiny now that Australia's top crime-fighters have concluded that doping is widespread in domestic sport.
The news comes as a separate investigation suggests that around 220, | AUSSIE rules need a rethink. The actions of scientists and clinicians are under scrutiny now that Australia's top crime-fighters have concluded that doping is widespread in domestic sport.
The news comes as a separate investigation suggests that around 220,000 people in Italy – nearly 0.4 per cent of the population – use products banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
Last week the Australian Crime Commission released a report on drug use in domestic sport. It notes that entire teams have been doping with the help of top sports scientists, although it did not publicly single out anyone. The heads of several major sports governing bodies have promised to cooperate with investigators.
The report says there is widespread use of a number of drugs, including growth hormone releasing hexapeptide (GHRP), across various sports. It notes that Google searches for GHRP are more common in Australia than in the US or UK.
The report also outlines the use of "a range of substances that have [from] limited to no history of use in humans", such as Actovegin, a calf-blood extract thought to boost the uptake of glucose and oxygen by muscles. Such substances are not banned as yet, and their impact on health is unknown.
The Australian findings chime with those of a report into doping by Italian athletes and gym-goers, issued last week in Lausanne, Switzerland, by WADA. It suggests that what happens in Italy is probably mirrored in other rich countries. "With better data, one would probably find higher rates in other countries," says study author Letizia Paoli of the Catholic University of Leuven (KUL) in Belgium.
David Howman, WADA's director general, says the fight against doping will require closer collaboration between law enforcement and anti-doping organisations.
This article appeared in print under the headline "Doping rife in sport"
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