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https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	For Civil Services and Other State	Examinations
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https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	ABOUT THE AUTHOR	M Laxmikanth obtained his postgraduate degree in Political
Science from Osmania University in 1989. He is the former	founder and director of an erstwhile coaching institute called	Laxmikanth’s IAS Academy, Hyderabad. Other books authored by
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	For Civil Services and Other State	Examinations
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	Sixth Edition	M Laxmikanth
Former Founder-Director	Laxmikanth’s IAS Academy (Closed)	Hyderabad
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	Published by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited	444/1, Sri Ekambara Naicker Industrial Estate, Alapakkam, Porur, Chennai -
600 116	Indian Polity, 6/e	Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2013, 2010, 2007, 2004, McGraw Hill Education
(India) Private Limited.	No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or	by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior	written permission of the publishers. The program listings (if any) may be	entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be
reproduced for publication.	This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers,	McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7101351 23 22 21 20 19	Printed and bound in India	ISBN (13): 978-93-89538-47-2
ISBN (10): 93-89538-47-5	Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw Hill	Education (India), from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither
McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or	completeness of any information published herein, and neither McGraw	Hill Education (India) nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors,
omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is	published with the understanding that McGraw Hill Education (India) and	its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render
engineering or other professional services. If such services are required,	the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.	Typeset at TNQ Technologies Pvt. Ltd., 4/600, Phase II, Dr Vikram
Sarabhai Instronics Estate, Kottivakkam, Chennai 600 041 and printed at	Rajkamal Electric Press, Plot No. No. 2, Phase-IV, Kundli, Haryana.	Cover Designer: Creative Designer
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	DQBLCDLTDLXBD	visit us at: www.mheducation.co.in
Write to us at: [email protected]	CIN: U80302TN2010PTC111532	Toll Free Number: 1800 103 5875
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	Dedicated	to
My Wife	Mamadgi Vidya	and
My Daughters	Mamadgi Anjali	Mamadgi Aishwarya
and	My Native Place	Dhanasiri (Zaheerabad – Telangana)
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	Preface to the	Sixth Edition
I am pleased to place before the readers a thoroughly revised,	enlarged and updated edition of this widely read book on Indian	Polity.
In 2011 and 2013, the UPSC changed the pattern and syllabus	of the preliminary and main examinations, respectively. Both	times, the scope of Indian Polity has been considerably increased.
Hence, this new edition of the book is more relevant now and is	aimed to meet the expanded needs of the aspirants.	In the course of revision and updation of this edition of the
book, various new developments related to the subject, like recent	constitutional amendments, parliamentary legislations, executive	decisions and supreme court judgments, have been taken into
account.	Changes in this Edition:	1. Addition of 6 new chapters.
2. Inclusion of 2017, 2018 and 2019 preliminary questions with	answers.	3. Inclusion of 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 mains questions.
4. Updation of the year-wise break-up of the UPSC questions	in the preliminary and main examinations.	5. Inclusion of additional updated information on a number of
topics.	6. New items included in various chapters.	New Chapters:
1. Goods and Services Tax Council	2. National Commission for Backward Classes	3. National Investigation Agency
4. National Disaster Management Authority	5. Role of Regional Parties	6. Coalition Government
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	I firmly believe that this is now a very comprehensive and	updated manual. It is a matter of immense satisfaction that the
previous five editions of this book have received an overwhelming	response from readers. I am confident that readers would	continue to repose their faith in this edition as well.
Constructive comments and concrete suggestions to further	improve the book are welcome and shall be gratefully	acknowledged.
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	Preface to the	First Edition
I have great pleasure in placing this book before the aspirants of	the top administrative services. The book has been written to	meet the growing requirements of the candidates appearing for
the Civil Services Examinations (Preliminary and Main) conducted	by the Union Public Service Commission. It directly and fully	covers the Indian Polity section of the paper on General Studies
and is also useful for certain optional subjects like Public	Administration, Political Science, Law, Sociology and	Anthropology.
This comprehensive volume would enable the readers to	acquire a complete and detailed understanding of the subject. It	covers all dimensions (constitutional, non-constitutional, political
and administrative) of the subject. My first-hand experience of	coaching the candidates for the Civil Services Examinations has	been a great source of inspiration and has helped me immensely
in writing this book.	An effort has been made to make the contents of the book	relevant, authentic, and up-to-date. The constitutional provisions
are explained in the light of the debates of the Constituent	Assembly of India as well as the judgements of the Supreme	Court and the high courts. I have also used tables to make the
presentation more clear. The Appendices, provided at the end of	the book, serve as a reference section.	I welcome all constructive comments and concrete suggestions
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	Acknowledgements	D uring the course of writing this book, I have received help,
encouragement and assistance from my teachers, students,	family members, colleagues, friends, library staff and others.	I am thankful to all of them.
I am particularly grateful to my wife, Smt. M. Vidya, for the	encouragement and support that she provided during the	preparation of the book.
I am deeply indebted to the eminent political scientists and	constitutional experts (Granville Austin, Moris Jones, K.C.	Wheare, Rajni Kothari, Paul Appleby, K. Santhanam, N.A.
Palkhivala, Soli Sorabji, D.D. Basu, V.N. Shukla, M.P. Jain,	Subhash Kashyap) and other scholars of repute whose valuable	works have been highly useful in the writing of this book.
My thanks are also due to Mr. Tanmoy Roychowdhury, Mr.	Deepak Singh, Ms. Shukti Mukherjee, Ms. Shalini Jha, Ms.	Shreya Soni and Ms. Anjali Chakravarty of McGraw Hill India
Private Limited for their unstinted cooperation in bringing out this	updated edition on time.	M. LAXMIKANTH
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	Year-Wise Break-up of the UPSC	Questions on Indian Polity
(General Studies—Prelims)	Sl.No. Year No. of Questions Asked	1. 2000 12
2. 2001 12	3. 2002 19	4. 2003 19
5. 2004 22	6. 2005 10	7. 2006 13
8. 2007 12	9. 2008 13	10. 2009 14
11. 2010 10	12. 2011 12	13. 2012 20
14. 2013 18	15. 2014 13	16. 2015 15
17. 2016 06	18. 2017 22	19. 2018 15
20. 2019 15	Note I: In 2011, the UPSC changed the pattern and syllabus of	the Preliminary Examination. In the new scheme, the Indian Polity
section has been renamed as “Indian Polity and Governance”. It	covers Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public	Policy, Rights Issues, etc. Also, now each question carries two
marks (previously one mark).	Note II: In the above table, the number of questions asked on	“Governance” (since 2011) are also included.
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	Year-Wise Break-up of the UPSC	Marks on Indian Polity
(General Studies—Mains)	Sl.No. Year No. of Questions Asked	1. 2000 130
2. 2001 100	3. 2002 130	4. 2003 100
5. 2004 100	6. 2005 100	7. 2006 100
8. 2007 100	9. 2008 130	10. 2009 66
11. 2010 66	12. 2011 111	13. 2012 47
14. 2013 100	15. 2014 88	16. 2015 100
17. 2016 112	18. 2017 110	19. 2018 125
20. 2019 125	Note I: In 2013, the UPSC changed the pattern and syllabus of	the Main Examination. In the new scheme, a separate and full
paper on “Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and	International Relations” has been introduced. It carries 250 marks.	Note II: In the above table, the number of marks allotted to the
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	About the Civil Services	Examination
The Civil Services examination comprises two successive	stages:	(i) Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination (Objective Type) for
the selection of candidates for Main Examination; and	(ii) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and Interview) for	the selection of candidates for the various services and posts.
Scheme and subjects for the Preliminary and Main	Examination.	A. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
The Examination shall comprise two compulsory Papers of 200	marks each.	Note:
(i) Both the question papers will be of the objective type (multiple	choice questions).	(ii) The question papers will be set both in Hindi and English.
However, questions relating to English Language	Comprehension Skills of Class X level will be tested through	passages from English language only without providing Hindi
translation thereof in the question paper.	B. MAIN EXAMINATION	The written examination will consist of the following papers:
Qualifying Papers:	Paper A: (One of the Indian Language to be selected by the	candidate from the Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to
the Constitution).	300 Marks	Paper B: English
https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/	The papers on Indian Languages and English (Paper A and Paper	B) will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of
qualifying nature. The marks obtained in these papers will not be	counted for ranking.	Papers to be counted for merit
Paper I: Essay	250 Marks	Paper II: General Studies–I
(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World	and Society)	250 Marks
Paper III: General Studies –II	250 Marks	(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International
Relations)	Paper IV: General Studies –III	250 Marks
(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment,	Security and Disaster Management)	Paper V: General Studies –IV
250 Marks	(Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)	Paper VI: Optional Subject – Paper 1

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For Civil Services and Other State

Examinations

Join TelegramGroups

To Boost Your Preparation

PDF4Exams

One stop solution for study

Click Here

materials of allcompetitiveexams

The Hindu ZoneOfficial

Newspapers & study

Click Here

materials

TestSeries4Exam

All paid test series

Click Here

availabblewithoutanycost

Pdfbasket

All e-Magazines

Click Here

in your hand

Hindi Books

All study materials

Click Here

in Hindi

Boltgram

(An IndianApp)

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

M Laxmikanth obtained his postgraduate degree in Political

Science from Osmania University in 1989. He is the former

founder and director of an erstwhile coaching institute called

Laxmikanth’s IAS Academy, Hyderabad. Other books authored by

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

For Civil Services and Other State

Examinations

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

Sixth Edition

M Laxmikanth

Former Founder-Director

Laxmikanth’s IAS Academy (Closed)

Hyderabad

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Published by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited

444/1, Sri Ekambara Naicker Industrial Estate, Alapakkam, Porur, Chennai -

600 116

Indian Polity, 6/e

(India) Private Limited.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or

by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or

otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior

written permission of the publishers. The program listings (if any) may be

entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be

reproduced for publication.

This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers,

McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7101351 23 22 21 20 19

Printed and bound in India

ISBN (13): 978-93-89538-47-2

ISBN (10): 93-89538-47-5

Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw Hill

Education (India), from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither

McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or

completeness of any information published herein, and neither McGraw

Hill Education (India) nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors,

omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is

published with the understanding that McGraw Hill Education (India) and

its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render

engineering or other professional services. If such services are required,

the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.

Typeset at TNQ Technologies Pvt. Ltd., 4/600, Phase II, Dr Vikram

Sarabhai Instronics Estate, Kottivakkam, Chennai 600 041 and printed at

Rajkamal Electric Press, Plot No. No. 2, Phase-IV, Kundli, Haryana.

Cover Designer: Creative Designer

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

DQBLCDLTDLXBD

visit us at: www.mheducation.co.in

Write to us at: [email protected]

CIN: U80302TN2010PTC111532

Toll Free Number: 1800 103 5875

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Dedicated

to

My Wife

Mamadgi Vidya

and

My Daughters

Mamadgi Anjali

Mamadgi Aishwarya

and

My Native Place

Dhanasiri (Zaheerabad – Telangana)

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

Preface to the

Sixth Edition

I am pleased to place before the readers a thoroughly revised,

enlarged and updated edition of this widely read book on Indian

Polity.

In 2011 and 2013, the UPSC changed the pattern and syllabus

of the preliminary and main examinations, respectively. Both

times, the scope of Indian Polity has been considerably increased.

Hence, this new edition of the book is more relevant now and is

aimed to meet the expanded needs of the aspirants.

In the course of revision and updation of this edition of the

book, various new developments related to the subject, like recent

constitutional amendments, parliamentary legislations, executive

decisions and supreme court judgments, have been taken into

account.

Changes in this Edition:

1. Addition of 6 new chapters.

2. Inclusion of 2017, 2018 and 2019 preliminary questions with

answers.

3. Inclusion of 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 mains questions.

4. Updation of the year-wise break-up of the UPSC questions

in the preliminary and main examinations.

5. Inclusion of additional updated information on a number of

topics.

6. New items included in various chapters.

New Chapters:

1. Goods and Services Tax Council

2. National Commission for Backward Classes

3. National Investigation Agency

4. National Disaster Management Authority

5. Role of Regional Parties

6. Coalition Government

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

I firmly believe that this is now a very comprehensive and

updated manual. It is a matter of immense satisfaction that the

previous five editions of this book have received an overwhelming

response from readers. I am confident that readers would

continue to repose their faith in this edition as well.

Constructive comments and concrete suggestions to further

improve the book are welcome and shall be gratefully

acknowledged.

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

Preface to the

First Edition

I have great pleasure in placing this book before the aspirants of

the top administrative services. The book has been written to

meet the growing requirements of the candidates appearing for

the Civil Services Examinations (Preliminary and Main) conducted

by the Union Public Service Commission. It directly and fully

covers the Indian Polity section of the paper on General Studies

and is also useful for certain optional subjects like Public

Administration, Political Science, Law, Sociology and

Anthropology.

This comprehensive volume would enable the readers to

acquire a complete and detailed understanding of the subject. It

covers all dimensions (constitutional, non-constitutional, political

and administrative) of the subject. My first-hand experience of

coaching the candidates for the Civil Services Examinations has

been a great source of inspiration and has helped me immensely

in writing this book.

An effort has been made to make the contents of the book

relevant, authentic, and up-to-date. The constitutional provisions

are explained in the light of the debates of the Constituent

Assembly of India as well as the judgements of the Supreme

Court and the high courts. I have also used tables to make the

presentation more clear. The Appendices, provided at the end of

the book, serve as a reference section.

I welcome all constructive comments and concrete suggestions

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

Acknowledgements

D uring the course of writing this book, I have received help,

encouragement and assistance from my teachers, students,

family members, colleagues, friends, library staff and others.

I am thankful to all of them.

I am particularly grateful to my wife, Smt. M. Vidya, for the

encouragement and support that she provided during the

preparation of the book.

I am deeply indebted to the eminent political scientists and

constitutional experts (Granville Austin, Moris Jones, K.C.

Wheare, Rajni Kothari, Paul Appleby, K. Santhanam, N.A.

Palkhivala, Soli Sorabji, D.D. Basu, V.N. Shukla, M.P. Jain,

Subhash Kashyap) and other scholars of repute whose valuable

works have been highly useful in the writing of this book.

My thanks are also due to Mr. Tanmoy Roychowdhury, Mr.

Deepak Singh, Ms. Shukti Mukherjee, Ms. Shalini Jha, Ms.

Shreya Soni and Ms. Anjali Chakravarty of McGraw Hill India

Private Limited for their unstinted cooperation in bringing out this

updated edition on time.

M. LAXMIKANTH

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

Year-Wise Break-up of the UPSC

Questions on Indian Polity

(General Studies—Prelims)

Sl.No. Year No. of Questions Asked

1. 2000 12

2. 2001 12

3. 2002 19

4. 2003 19

5. 2004 22

6. 2005 10

7. 2006 13

8. 2007 12

9. 2008 13

10. 2009 14

11. 2010 10

12. 2011 12

13. 2012 20

14. 2013 18

15. 2014 13

16. 2015 15

17. 2016 06

18. 2017 22

19. 2018 15

20. 2019 15

Note I: In 2011, the UPSC changed the pattern and syllabus of

the Preliminary Examination. In the new scheme, the Indian Polity

section has been renamed as “Indian Polity and Governance”. It

covers Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public

Policy, Rights Issues, etc. Also, now each question carries two

marks (previously one mark).

Note II: In the above table, the number of questions asked on

“Governance” (since 2011) are also included.

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

Year-Wise Break-up of the UPSC

Marks on Indian Polity

(General Studies—Mains)

Sl.No. Year No. of Questions Asked

1. 2000 130

2. 2001 100

3. 2002 130

4. 2003 100

5. 2004 100

6. 2005 100

7. 2006 100

8. 2007 100

9. 2008 130

10. 2009 66

11. 2010 66

12. 2011 111

13. 2012 47

14. 2013 100

15. 2014 88

16. 2015 100

17. 2016 112

18. 2017 110

19. 2018 125

20. 2019 125

Note I: In 2013, the UPSC changed the pattern and syllabus of

the Main Examination. In the new scheme, a separate and full

paper on “Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and

International Relations” has been introduced. It carries 250 marks.

Note II: In the above table, the number of marks allotted to the

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

About the Civil Services

Examination

The Civil Services examination comprises two successive

stages:

(i) Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination (Objective Type) for

the selection of candidates for Main Examination; and

(ii) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and Interview) for

the selection of candidates for the various services and posts.

Scheme and subjects for the Preliminary and Main

Examination.

A. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

The Examination shall comprise two compulsory Papers of 200

marks each.

Note:

(i) Both the question papers will be of the objective type (multiple

choice questions).

(ii) The question papers will be set both in Hindi and English.

However, questions relating to English Language

Comprehension Skills of Class X level will be tested through

passages from English language only without providing Hindi

translation thereof in the question paper.

B. MAIN EXAMINATION

The written examination will consist of the following papers:

Qualifying Papers:

Paper A: (One of the Indian Language to be selected by the

candidate from the Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to

the Constitution).

300 Marks

Paper B: English

https://telegram.me/pdf4exams/ Downloaded From https://telegram.me/testseries4exams/

The papers on Indian Languages and English (Paper A and Paper

B) will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of

qualifying nature. The marks obtained in these papers will not be

counted for ranking.

Papers to be counted for merit

Paper I: Essay

250 Marks

Paper II: General Studies–I

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World

and Society)

250 Marks

Paper III: General Studies –II

250 Marks

(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International

Relations)

Paper IV: General Studies –III

250 Marks

(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment,

Security and Disaster Management)

Paper V: General Studies –IV

250 Marks

(Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)

Paper VI: Optional Subject – Paper 1