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<BR /> Aims: We provide new insights into the γ-ray emission from HESS J1912+101, a TeV supernova remnant candidate probably associated with the radio pulsar PSR J1913+1011. <BR /> Methods: We obtained new observations at 1.5 GHz using the VLA in the D configuration, with the purpose of detecting the radio shell of the putative remnant. In addition, we observed a single pointing at 6.0 GHz toward PSR J1913+1011 to look for a radio pulsar wind nebula. We also studied the properties of the surrounding interstellar medium using data of the <SUP>13</SUP>CO, HI, and infrared emissions, obtained from public surveys. <BR /> Results: We do not find evidence of a radio shell down to the sensitivity of the new image at 1.5 GHz. We detect faint diffuse emission around PSR J1913+1011 at 6.0 GHz, which could represent a radio pulsar wind nebula powered by the pulsar. We find dense ambient gas at ~60 km s<SUP>−1</SUP>, which shows a good spatial correspondence with the TeV emission only in the western and eastern directions. There is also dense gas near the center of HESS J1912+101, where the TeV emission is weak. Using infrared data, we identify an active star-forming region in the western part of the shell. <BR /> Conclusions: Based on the poor spatial match between the ambient gas and the TeV emission (which shows a good correlation in the western and eastern directions and an anticorrelation in the other directions), we conclude that the hadronic mechanism alone does not give a satisfactory explanation of the γ rays from HESS J1912+101. Additional contributions may come from leptonic processes in the shell of the supernova remnant, together with contributions from PSR J1913+1011 and its pulsar wind nebula and/or from the star-forming region. A confident determination of the distance to the putative remnant is necessary to determine whether these sources are associated or just appear superimposed in the line of sight. | 9 |
a flow in a network is identified and handled by using a virtual host address . a packet is received at a switch with a first virtual host address as its destination address . if the packet is the first packet of a flow received by the switch , then a second virtual host address is determined by the switch . the first virtual host address is stored in a packet forwarding table correlated with the second virtual host address . a subsequently received packet of the same flow has the same first virtual host address as its destination address , and is forwarded to the second virtual host address in accordance with the packet forwarding table . | 7 |
a database message builder presents a message building window on a user interface of a database application for retrieving structured data from one or more fields of a database record of the database and unstructured data entered by a user of the database application . the message building window can be used to build database messages using a variety of structured and unstructured data . one or more tokens corresponding to the structured data in the database can be used in the window to build a database message . the user can publish the message to a target application or network resource . prior to publication , the tokens can be replaced with corresponding structured data from the record fields . a current character count or character limit for the selected target application or network resource can be displayed in the user interface . | 6 |
a desk top microfilm reader and work station having a rectangular base enclosing a film housing and projection system . the base has a flat top surface which functions as an operator work surface and an image projection surface . a support arm rises vertically from the base and a hood is attached near the top of the support arm . there are illumination lamps and a mirror in the hood . the lamps illuminate the work surface and are turned off when a micro image is to be projected onto the image projection surface . the optical projection path from the projection system to the mirror in the hood and back to the projection surface is unenclosed . | 6 |
Despite considerable efforts over the past decade, only 34 fast radio bursts—intense bursts of radio emission from beyond our Galaxy—have been reported<SUP>1,2</SUP>. Attempts to understand the population as a whole have been hindered by the highly heterogeneous nature of the searches, which have been conducted with telescopes of different sensitivities, at a range of radio frequencies, and in environments corrupted by different levels of radio-frequency interference from human activity. Searches have been further complicated by uncertain burst positions and brightnesses—a consequence of the transient nature of the sources and the poor angular resolution of the detecting instruments. The discovery of repeating bursts from one source<SUP>3</SUP>, and its subsequent localization<SUP>4</SUP> to a dwarf galaxy at a distance of 3.7 billion light years, confirmed that the population of fast radio bursts is located at cosmological distances. However, the nature of the emission remains elusive. Here we report a well controlled, wide-field radio survey for these bursts. We found 20, none of which repeated during follow-up observations between 185-1,097 hours after the initial detections. The sample includes both the nearest and the most energetic bursts detected so far. The survey demonstrates that there is a relationship between burst dispersion and brightness and that the high-fluence bursts are the nearby analogues of the more distant events found in higher-sensitivity, narrower-field surveys<SUP>5</SUP>. | 9 |
a seat - mounted parachute has control lines positioned on seat - held risers enclose the lines to permit deployment through the seat rollers without entanglement . | 1 |
a disposable dispensing capsule for a plant injectable liquid composition includes a flexible cap hermetically sealed to a receptacle . the capsule is pressurized when the cap is forcibly flexed inwardly . in one embodiment flexure and thereby pressurization are maintained by an interference fit between a spindle in the receptacle and a socket depending downwardly from the cap central portion . in another embodiment flexure is maintained by engagement of hook - shaped posts in the receptacle with a lip in a collar depending downwardly from the cap central portion . | 0 |
Despite their pervasive influence, many aspects of star cluster formation are poorly understood because they are difficult to model. Simulation of their formation requires modeling a multitude of physical processes, from magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) to stellar feedback and gravitational dynamics, on scales from binary orbits to the widths of molecular clouds. To address these issues, we use Torch: a code employing the Astrophysical Multipurpose Software Environment (AMUSE) framework to couple stellar evolution and N-body codes with the MHD code FLASH. We include star formation based on sampling of the initial mass function after sink particle accretion, ray-tracing for ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, and mechanical feedback in the form of winds and supernovae. Torch originally required excessive computational resources to model giant molecular clouds (GMCs) with masses exceeding 10<SUP>5</SUP> M<SUB>☉</SUB><SUB>,</SUB> as it could not evolve the hundreds of thousands of stars that form in more massive clouds. This left a considerable gap, as the most massive GMCs in our galaxy exceed 10<SUP>6</SUP> M<SUB>☉</SUB>. To enable Torch to model more massive GMCs, we integrate the N-body code PeTar to more efficiently handle the stellar dynamics. We present results from new Torch simulations of star clusters forming from clouds of mass 10<SUP>4</SUP>, 10<SUP>5</SUP>, and 10<SUP>6</SUP> M<SUB>☉</SUB>. The most massive GMC forms over 100,000 stars within the first million years, making it one of the largest star cluster formation models resolving individual stars ever computed. We compare the global properties of each forming cluster over time and consider which remain constant as cloud mass is increased. We present the star formation histories and the time evolution of the gas properties, cluster mass, half-mass radius, and stellar velocity dispersion for each cloud. | 9 |
The increasing number of super-Earths close to their host stars have revealed a scarcity of close-in small planets with 1.5-2.0 R <SUB>⊕</SUB> in the radius distribution of Kepler planets. The atmospheric escape of super-Earths by photoevaporation can explain the origin of the observed "radius gap." Many theoretical studies have considered the in situ mass loss of a close-in planet. Planets that undergo atmospheric escape, however, move outward due to the change in the orbital angular momentum of their star-planet systems. In this study, we calculate the orbital evolution of an evaporating super-Earth with a H<SUB>2</SUB>/He atmosphere around FGKM-type stars under stellar X-ray and extreme-UV irradiation (XUV). The rate of increase in the orbital radius of an evaporating planet is approximately proportional to that of the atmospheric mass loss during a high stellar XUV phase. We show that super-Earths with a rocky core of ≲10 M <SUB>⊕</SUB> and a H<SUB>2</SUB>/He atmosphere at ≲0.03-0.1 au (≲0.01-0.03 au) around G-type stars (M-type stars) are prone to outward migration driven by photoevaporation. Although the changes in the orbits of the planets would be small, they would rearrange the orbital configurations of compact, multiplanet systems, such as the TRAPPIST-1 system. We also find that the radius gap and the so-called "Neptune desert" in the observed population of close-in planets around FGK-type stars still appear in our simulations. On the other hand, the observed planet population around M-type stars can be reproduced only by a high stellar XUV luminosity model. | 9 |
the method for positioning an array with periodic structures , for forming an image thereon , comprises the following steps : providing a first beam of light by a first light source ; passing this first beam of light through the array ; forming a light line corresponding to the first light source with the first beam of light after the first beam of light passes through the array such that the light line is perpendicular to long axes of the periodic structures ; rotating the array to rotate the light line across a first detector ; producing a signal when the light line sweeps across the first detector ; determining when maximum signal is produced by the first detector ; and rotating the array to a proper position based on angular position corresponding to this maximum signal . according to an another embodiment of the present invention , an apparatus for locating an array having a periodic structure comprises : a stage rotatably supporting the array ; a first light source , providing a first alignment light beam , the first light source being located to project light onto one side of the array ; a coarse alignment detector located on another side of the array ; and an alignment lens located between the array and the course alignment detector , the alignment lens and the array , together , providing a light line corresponding to the first light source in a plane where the course alignment detector is located , wherein rotation of said array produces a corresponding rotation of the light line in the plane . | 8 |
We present the 1SXPS (Swift-XRT point source) catalog of 151,524 X-ray point sources detected by the Swift-XRT in 8 yr of operation. The catalog covers 1905 deg<SUP>2</SUP> distributed approximately uniformly on the sky. We analyze the data in two ways. First we consider all observations individually, for which we have a typical sensitivity of ~3 × 10<SUP>-13</SUP> erg cm<SUP>-2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> (0.3-10 keV). Then we co-add all data covering the same location on the sky: these images have a typical sensitivity of ~9 × 10<SUP>-14</SUP> erg cm<SUP>-2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> (0.3-10 keV). Our sky coverage is nearly 2.5 times that of 3XMM-DR4, although the catalog is a factor of ~1.5 less sensitive. The median position error is 5.''5 (90% confidence), including systematics. Our source detection method improves on that used in previous X-ray Telescope (XRT) catalogs and we report >68, 000 new X-ray sources. The goals and observing strategy of the Swift satellite allow us to probe source variability on multiple timescales, and we find ~30, 000 variable objects in our catalog. For every source we give positions, fluxes, time series (in four energy bands and two hardness ratios), estimates of the spectral properties, spectra and spectral fits for the brightest sources, and variability probabilities in multiple energy bands and timescales. | 9 |
We estimate the spectral index, β, of polarized synchrotron emission as observed in the 9 yr Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe sky maps using two methods, linear regression ("T-T plot") and maximum likelihood. We partition the sky into 24 disjoint sky regions and evaluate the spectral index for all polarization angles between 0° and 85° in steps of 5°. Averaging over polarization angles, we derive a mean spectral index of β<SUP>all-sky</SUP> = -2.99 ± 0.01 in the frequency range of 23-33 GHz. We find that the synchrotron spectral index steepens by 0.14 from low to high Galactic latitudes, in agreement with previous studies, with mean spectral indices of β<SUP>plane</SUP> = -2.98 ± 0.01 and β<SUP>high-lat</SUP> = -3.12 ± 0.04. In addition, we find a significant longitudinal variation along the Galactic plane with a steeper spectral index toward the Galactic center and anticenter than toward the Galactic spiral arms. This can be well modeled by an offset sinusoidal, β(l) = -2.85 + 0.17sin (2l - 90°). Finally, we study synchrotron emission in the BICEP2 field, in an attempt to understand whether the claimed detection of large-scale B-mode polarization could be explained in terms of synchrotron contamination. Adopting a spectral index of β = -3.12, typical for high Galactic latitudes, we find that the most likely bias corresponds to about 2% of the reported signal (r = 0.003). The flattest index allowed by the data in this region is β = -2.5, and under the assumption of a straight power-law frequency spectrum, we find that synchrotron emission can account for at most 20% of the reported BICEP2 signal. | 9 |
the invention discloses a metal - bonded diamond grinding wheel prepared by self - propagating pressure - less sintering and a preparation method thereof . the metal bonded diamond grinding wheel mainly comprises a working layer and a non - working layer , wherein the working layer comprises metal bond and grinded diamond , the non - working layer is metal bond , and the metal bond in the working layer and non - working layer have the same components that comprise metal powders of cu , al , ni , ti , sn , and co . to prepare the metal - bonded diamond grinding wheel prepared by self - propagating pressure - less sintering solves the problems of high energy consumption and low manufacture efficiency in the current sintering processes of the metal bonded diamond grinding wheel , and improves the binding force of the metal bond to the grinded diamond by forming carbides between the bond and the grinded diamond . | 1 |
a proximity detection system which detects the presence of highly specular surfaces which could produce erroneous indications for the system and suppresses them so that they will not affect the system adversely . | 6 |
a system for implanting an anchor into bone , the system comprising a curved cannulated guide for percautaneous insertion , having a proximal end and a distal end ; a flexible drill insertable through the curved guide from the proximal end to the distal end , the flexible drill having a shaft having a flexible portion ; and a flexible inserter for inserting a suture anchor into a bore at the anatomical site formed by the flexible drill , the flexible inserter having a shaft having a flexible portion , wherein the flexible portions of both the flexible drill and flexible inserter include a series of discrete , interlocking segments . | 0 |
We present a method that calibrates a semi-analytic model to the Renaissance Simulations, a suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations with high-redshift galaxy formation. This approach combines the strengths of semi-analytic techniques and hydrodynamical simulations, enabling the extension to larger volumes and lower redshifts inaccessible to simulations due to computational expense. Using a sample of Renaissance star formation histories (SFHs) from an average density region of the Universe, we construct a four parameter prescription for metal-enriched star formation characterized by an initial bursty stage followed by a steady stage where stars are formed at constant efficiencies. Our model also includes a treatment of Population III star formation where a minimum halo mass and log-normal distribution of stellar mass are adopted to match the numerical simulations. Star formation is generally well reproduced for halos with masses $\lesssim$$10^{9} M_{\mathrm{\odot}}$. Between $11<z<25$ our model produces metal-enriched star formation rate densities (SFRDs) that typically agree with Renaissance within a factor of $\sim$2 for the average density region. Additionally, the total metal-enriched stellar mass only differs from Renaissance by about $10\%$ at $z \sim 11$. For regions that are either more overdense or rarefied not included in the calibration, we produce metal-enriched SFRDs that agree with Renaissance within a factor of $\sim$2 at high-$z$, but eventually differ by higher factors for later times. This is likely due to environmental dependencies not included in the model. Our star formation prescriptions can easily be adopted in other analytic or semi-analytic works to match our calibration to Renaissance. | 9 |
a safety interlock circuit wherein the safety interlock switches can report their status . signal generators associated with the safety interlock switches produce status signals that are transmitted on the wiring of the safety interlock circuit . the present invention is ideal for retrofitting current installations because no additional wiring is required for carrying the status signals . | 7 |
an executable program is prepared from a plurality of object code modules , at least one of the object code modules including section data specifying a plurality of code sequences each associated with relocation instructions identifying condition parameters . only one of the code sequences is selected for inclusion in the executable program , determined by whether the condition for that parameter is satisfied . a linker for preparing the executable program includes a stack , a relocation module for reading the relocations , carrying out the relocation operations and selecting code sequences for inclusion in the executable program in dependence on values taken from the stack , a section data module for holding section data which is subject to the relocation operations , and a program forming module for preparing executable programs . also disclosed is a method of assembling an object code module such that the assembled object code module includes the conditional code sequences . | 6 |
the present invention is directed to a method for managing and paying off a plurality of loan debts comprising the following debts a ) identifying the debts with the highest periodic interest expense ; b ) determining an extra payment value to be placed ; c ) making a payment of the debt with the extra payment to be paid on the debt with the highest periodic interest payment ; d ) paying off the payment with the highest periodic interest payment ; and e ) paying the payment on the first debt and the extra payment on the debt with second highest periodic interest payment . | 6 |
This is the first public version of TTGA. | 9 |
a filter holder assembly is provided that utilizes a fail - safe regenerator unit with an annular spacer ring having an extended metal collar for containment and positioning of a compliant ceramic gasket used in the assembly . the filter holder assembly is disclosed for use with advanced composite , filament wound , and metal candle filters . | 1 |
a method and apparatus for performing fast clip - testing operations in a general purpose processor are provided . this is accomplished by executing a single instruction for comparing a first value x to a second value y and , as a result of the comparison , determining whether x is less than y and whether x - is less than negative y . the values x and y are stored in respective source registers of the processor specified by the instruction . finally , as a result of the determination , one or more binary values representing the results of the determination are inserted into a destination register of the processor also specified by the instruction . accordingly , the invention advantageously provides a general purpose processor with the ability to execute a clip - testing function with a single instruction compared with prior art general purpose processors that require multiple instructions to perform the same function . thus , the general purpose processor of the present invention allows for more efficient and faster clip - testing operations . | 6 |
a display apparatus has a stationary base , a floating display member secured to the base by a first cord , and a balloon secured to the floating member by a second cord . the balloon is inflated with a gas which is lighter than air , and rises upwardly to suspend the floating member at a location spaced above the base member . | 0 |
a display device comprising : a light switching unit comprising an array of pixels each operable to vary the transmission of light therethrough ; and a backlight comprising a first series of regions of organic light - emissive material having a first emission color and a second series of regions of organic light - emissive material having a second emission color , each region of organic material being located so as to lie behind a plurality of pixels of the array in the viewing direction for backlighting those pixels ; and at least one of the regions of organic light - emissive material being formed by a process of ink - jet deposition . | 6 |
a plurality of light sources generate beams having predetermined light amounts , respectively . an optical scanner receives the beams from the plurality of light sources and directs the beams as a plurality of scanning beams to an object to be scanned . a photodetector has a predetermined number of photosensors smaller than that of the plurality of light sources and substantially detects light amounts of the plurality of scanning beams by the optical scanner in a time sharing manner . a controller outputs a control signal for independently controlling the light amounts of the respective beams from the plurality of light sources in accordance with time - sharing light amount detection signals corresponding to the plurality of scanning beams from the photosensors of the predetermined number . | 6 |
a power - saving method with integrated photodiode light source . this device has a circuit board with a plurality of red , green and blue photodiodes as the device &# 39 ; s light source . additionally , a light control circuit is used to control light beam from the light source illuminating a reflector and then reflecting to a reflective display panel in order to reflect the light beam and generate an image . thus , a projection module can project the image on a viewing plate . as cited , the inventive device includes : a light control circuit , a light source module , a polarizing beam splitter , a reflective display panel and a projection module . | 7 |
The Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess has a spectrum, angular distribution, and overall intensity that agree remarkably well with that expected from annihilating dark matter particles in the form of a $m_X \sim 50 \, {\rm GeV}$ thermal relic. Previous claims that these photons are clustered on small angular scales or trace the distribution of known stellar populations once appeared to favor interpretations in which this signal originates from a large population of unresolved millisecond pulsars. More recent work, however, has overturned these conclusions, finding that the observed gamma-ray excess does {\it not} contain discernible small scale power, and is distributed with approximate spherical symmetry, not tracing any known stellar populations. In light of these results, it now appears significantly more likely that the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess is produced by annihilating dark matter. | 9 |
the present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of 5 - fluoro - 1h - pyrazolopyridin - 3 - amine in high yield and purity . the present invention also relates to processes for the synthesis of 5 - fluoro - 1h - pyrazolopyridin - 3 - amine derivatives . these processes are useful for preparing biologically active compounds , particularly certain gsk - 3 inhibitors , or derivatives thereof . | 2 |
Welcome to the second release of the Climate Machine. This release includes the following: Roe and HLLC numerical fluxes for the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme Newton-Krylov nonlinear solver implicit-explicit (IMEX) timestepping stability improvements to the atmospheric global circulation model (GCM) configuration an initial eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) implementation a basic soil model, including balance laws for internal energy and water content. These can be run alone or in a coupled mode. support for Julia 1.5 For more information, please see our documentation. | 9 |
a tool kit for use in combination with standard socket , open - end and box - end wrenches to provide a number of special obstruction by - pass tools whereby the wrenches may be releasably and fixedly disposed at any relative angle continuously between 0 ° and 180 ° with respect to one another . the tool kit comprises specially constructed elements , including one or more flex adapters and one or more bar extenders . each flex adapter has a head and a base pivotally connected by means of a special clevis joint having cooperative means on the clevis tongue and the clevis pin for releasably engaging and securing the clevis tongue to the inside of one arm of the clevis yoke at any relative angle of alignment continuously through a total included angle of 180 °. the head is adapted to receive a standard socket extender . the base is adapted to removably support a conventional wrench handle or a bar extender . the bar extender is preferably an elongated handle secured to a male socket member . also included in the kit is a reversible ratchet capable of being reversed from a clockwise to a counterclockwise motion without the use of standard direction - reversing switches . | 1 |
techniques are provided for implementing freeze logic on programmable logic blocks . the output signal of a register in each programmable logic block is driven to a predefined state in response to a freeze signal . the freeze signal also causes a multiplexer in each programmable logic block to select the output signal of the register . the multiplexer drives an output signal of the programmable logic block to a predefined state to eliminate contention between circuit elements . the freeze logic requires a small amount of area in each programmable logic block . | 7 |
for reconfiguring a user interface layout according to a deterioration of an interface device , a ui layout is analyzed to determine a position of a ui element on the interface device according to the ui layout determination is made that the ui element is positioned in a first area of the interface device , the first area having a first sensitivity to touch , where the first sensitivity is below a level of sensitivity . a second area of the interface device is identified , the second area having a second sensitivity to touch , where the second sensitivity is at least equal to the level of sensitivity . the ui element is relocated from the first area to the second area thereby forming a modified ui layout . the modified ui layout is sent for rendering on the interface device . | 6 |
a housing for a ventilation , heating , and / or air conditioning system of a motor vehicle , wherein the housing is made of multiple parts and forms at least one air flow path in the interior and optionally has at least one heat exchanger , whereby the housing has first regions and has second regions , whereby the first regions have a greater strength than the second regions . | 1 |
This STScI Working Group (WG) was charged with soliciting community feedback and evaluating the strategic planning for exoplanet science with JWST and HST given the high quality of exoplanet observations, the significantly lengthened mission lifetime for JWST, and the pronounced expansion of the field over the last decade. We were charged with identifying key science themes, providing recommendations on issues associated with optimal timing and scale of resources, as well as providing a recommended DDT concept achievable with 500 hours of JWST time. We recommend a DDT concept to survey the atmospheres of rocky-M dwarf exoplanets. It is critical to quickly survey a wide sample of such targets to ascertain if they indeed host significant atmospheres, i.e., define the cosmic shoreline, and to identify high priority targets for future follow-up. It is important for this effort to occur early in the mission lifetime. In the context of strategic planning of exoplanet observations, it is useful to estimate the expected exoplanet observational commitment over JWST's lifetime. Given the current usage associated with exoplanets, extended over 20 cycles, it is anticipated that JWST will dedicate $\approx$30,000 hours to exoplanet observations. We recommend efforts to support GO-driven programs that will contribute to this unprecedented data product of JWST. Of the $\approx$30,000 hours of anticipated JWST full-mission time dedicated to exoplanets, we expect that 1/3 of it could, and perhaps inevitably would, form a comprehensive, high S/N, panchromatic, 10$^4$ hour atmospheric survey of planets. Such an observational sample would be a legacy archive that would address a broad range of science questions across various populations of planets. It would also bridge the direct imaging and transit communities and involve a multitude of techniques to detect and characterize exoplanets. | 9 |
We compute successfully the launching of two magnetic winds from two circumbinary disks formed after a common envelope event. The launching is produced by the increase of magnetic pressure due to the collapse of the disks. The collapse is due to internal torques produced by a weak poloidal magnetic field. The first wind can be described as a wide jet, with an average mass-loss rate of ~1.3 × 10<SUP>-7</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> and a maximum radial velocity of ~230 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. The outflow has a half-opening angle of ~20°. Narrow jets are also formed intermittently with velocities up to 3000 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>, with mass-loss rates of ~6 × 10<SUP>-12</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> during short periods of time. The second wind can be described as a wide X-wind, with an average mass-loss rate of ~1.68 × 10<SUP>-7</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> and a velocity of ~30 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. A narrow jet is also formed with a velocity of 250 km s<SUP>-1</SUP> and a mass-loss rate of ~10<SUP>-12</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>-1</SUP>. The computed jets are used to provide inflow boundary conditions for simulations of proto-planetary nebulae. The wide jet evolves into a molecular collimated outflow within a few astronomical units, producing proto-planetary nebulae with bipolar, elongated shapes, whose kinetic energies reach ~4 × 10<SUP>45</SUP> erg at 1000 yr. Similarities with observed features in W43A, OH 231.8+4.2, and Hen 3-1475 are discussed. The computed wide X-wind produces proto-planetary nebulae with slower expansion velocities, bipolar and elliptical shapes, and possible starfish-type and quadrupolar morphology. | 9 |
a passive keyless system including a base that selectively allows access to a restricted environment through a base transceiver operating with an encrypted link on first and second frequencies , and a base recording element storing base measured movement history information . also , a passive keyless device with at least one sensor detects a movement property of the device , a device recording element stores movement history information about the device and reflecting the detected movement property , and a device transceiver communicating with the base transceiver , and transmitting to the base transceiver encrypted security information identifying the device in accordance with a passive keyless protocol and / or the movement history information , and an access request element that causes the device transceiver to request access to the base transceiver . the base uses the base measured movement history information and movement history information when allowing access to the restricted environment . | 1 |
the present invention relates to aripiprazole , a useful agent for antipsychotic . the present invention also provides new acid addition salts of aripiprazole and process for the preparation of polymorphs and solvates of aripiprazole using aripiprazole acid salts , their interconversion and the process for preparation of aripiprazole acid salts . | 2 |
an improved capacitively coupled radio frequency - plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition apparatus and process are disclosed for depositing a uniform coating of material on substrates . the apparatus includes a secondary electrode defining a reaction zone within an outer chamber and an rf electrode in concert with the secondary electrode for generating a plasma within the reaction zone . the electrode comprising a base and a finger extending through the reaction zone for distributing a plasma field uniformly throughout the reaction zone . the process comprises heating a substrate to a deposition temperature in the range of about 300 ° to 650 ° c . reactant gases are introduced into the pecvd reactor and a coating of about 0 . 2 to about 20 μm is deposited onto the heated substrate . this low temperature process is particularly adapted to coating three - dimensional objects of metals , metal alloys and mixtures of metals . | 2 |
disclosed is an improved hfc manufacturing processes of the type which produces an intermediate product stream that includes a mixture of hf and at least one compound , usually an hcfc , which is relatively resistant to further fluorination . the improvement involves separating the unreactive compound from the product stream , preferably using liquid : liquid phase separation , and substantially avoiding recycle of the unreactive compound to the fluorination reaction . the separated unreactive compound are substantially free of hf . | 2 |
At least one major merger is currently taking place in the Milky Way (MW). The Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy is being tidally destroyed while orbiting around the MW, whose close passages perturb the disc externally. In this work, using hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate how massive dwarf galaxies on quasi-polar Sgr-like orbits impact the star formation (SF) inside the MW-like discs. First, we confirm that interactions with orbiting satellites enhance the SF rate in the host. However, prominent SF bursts are detected during the very close passages (<20 kpc) of massive (2 × 10<SUP>10</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) gas-poor satellites. For gas-rich satellites, while we observe substantial enhancement of the SF, we do not detect prominent peaks in the SF history of the host. This can be explained by the steady gas accretion from the satellite smoothening short-term variations in the SF. The impact of the satellite perturbations, especially its first encounters, is seen mainly in the outer (>10 kpc) disc. We also found that the close passages of satellites cause the formation of low-metallicity stars in the host, and the effect is the most prominent for gas infall from the satellites resulting in the dilution of the mean stellar metallicity. Our simulations are in favour of causality between the recent passages of the Sgr and the bursts of the SF in the solar neighbourhood (≈1 and ≈2 Gyr ago); however, to reproduce the SF burst at its first infall (≈6 Gyr), we require a very close passage (<20 kpc) with subsequent substantial mass-loss of the Sgr precursor. | 9 |
a method implemented in a base station is disclosed . the method includes precoding data with a precoder , and transmitting the precoded data to a user equipment , and the precoder can be expressed as multiplication ov where v is a first matrix corresponding to a first indication of the precoder for a group of transmitted symbols , and o is a second matrix corresponding to a second indication of the precoder for a variation in a channel . other methods and apparatuses also are disclosed . | 7 |
a collapsible golf bag having a removable tube which screws into a base seat and holds up and taut a frame and tubular body assembly connected to the top of the bag . the frame bears upon a key which protrudes from the tube and can be pressed into the tube to release the tube from the frame and allow the bag to be collapsed . | 0 |
a semiconductor device has multilevel memory cells , each cell storing at least three levels of data each . the multilevel memory cells are arranged so as to correspond to a physical address space , each cell storing 2 n levels of data each expressed by n number of bits . a logical address is converted into a physical address of the physical address space . a judgement is made as to whether a logical address space including the logical address matches the physical address space . when matched , the most significant bit x 1 is specified by performing a single comparison operation using a reference value . the specified bit is output from one of the cells corresponding to the physical address . if not matched , the bits are specified by performing multiple comparison operations using different reference values . | 6 |
the present invention discloses a system and a method for authenticating a user based upon a spoken password processed though a standard speech recognition engine lacking specialized speaker identification and verification capabilities . it should be noted that the standard speech recognition grammar can be capable of acoustically generating speech recognition grammars in accordance with the cross referenced application indicated herein . the invention can prompt a user for a free - form password and can receive a user utterance in response . the utterance can be processed through a speech recognition engine to generate an acoustic baseform . future user utterances can be matched against the acoustic baseform . results from the future matches can be used to determine whether to grant the user access to a secure resource . | 6 |
a disclosed formation monitoring system includes a casing that defines an annular space within a borehole . an array of electromagnetic field sensors is positioned in the annular space and configured to communicate with the surface via a fiberoptic cable . a computer coupled to the fiberoptic cable receives said measurements and responsively derives the location of any fluid fronts in the vicinity such as a an approaching flood front to enable corrective action before breakthrough . a disclosed formation monitoring method includes : injecting a first fluid into a reservoir formation ; producing a second fluid from the reservoir formation via a casing in a borehole ; collecting electromagnetic field measurements with an array of fiberoptic sensors in an annular space between said casing and said borehole , said array communicating measurements to a surface interface via one or more fiberoptic cables ; and operating on said measurements to locate a front between the first and second fluids . | 6 |
the present invention relates to a packed battery unifying a plurality of battery cells housed in a case . the case comprises a tubular body housing the battery cells and a couple of lids closing both the end openings of the tubular body respectively , thus being arranged in a three - unit construction . this arrangement allows the case to be completely sealed off by ultrasonic wave welding . | 8 |
a device for use in winterizing inground swimming pools avoids the necessity of draining the pool in order to drain underground water - filled conduits before freeze - up . the device is an elongated cofferdam open at top and rear with a groove for receiving a sealant extending along the rear edge of side and bottom walls . the sealant , such as a denture adhesive , will hold the device against the pool side wall surrounding a water inlet , and so that the device opens above the water surface . water within the device and the conduit leading to the inlet is pumped therefrom and then a plug is inserted in the inlet to prevent pool water from entering the inlet after the device is removed from the pool side wall . | 4 |
a method for integrating a plurality of content repositories into a virtual content repository , comprising providing credential information to each one of said plurality of content repositories , receiving authorization information from each one of said plurality of content repositories , wherein the authorization information indicates whether or not an authorization procedure succeeded , integrating into the vcr each one of said plurality of content repositories whose authorization information indicates successful authorization , and wherein each one of said plurality of content repositories exposes a first set of services to enable its integration into the vcr . | 6 |
a self - contained fishing system includes a telescopic , tubular fishing rod holder and support tower having an extendable and retractable upper end for pivotally supporting a fishing rod therefrom . a cavity is sized to contain the fishing rod in an assembled condition and a set of movable legs in a retractable condition . a closure device is removably fastened to an open , lower end thereof for supporting the fishing rod and the movable legs in a storage mode within the cavity . to define a fishing mode , with the upper end extended and the closure . device detached , the fishing rod is removed from the cavity and pivotally supported on the upper end . the legs are removed from the cavity , folded into an extended condition adapted to engage a support surface and the closure device is replaced such that the legs support the fishing rod holder and tower . | 0 |
novel optical devices , methods and systems relating to the detection of glucose , and more particularly to real - time glucose monitoring , are disclosed herein . more particularly , various hardware and methodological means are disclosed for ratiometric correction of optical glucose measurements for artifacts of optical systems . | 0 |
the invention relates to the use of n - desulfated heparin for treating or preventing inflammation , which is based on the experimental results in animal acute abdominal inflammation model and animal bleed model . the n - desulfated heparin &# 39 ; s anti - inflammation activity is better than or equal to that of the low molecular weight heparin , and has low activity of anti - coagulant . from a series of n - desulfated heparin of different n - sulfur - containing , a sample of the best anti - inflammation activity and the lowest anti - coagulant activity was selected . the invention solved the problem of bleeding in the use of heparin for treating of inflammation , and provided a new pathway to use heparin to prevent and treat inflammation . | 0 |
an apparatus and method for electronic authentication of electronic transactions conducted on the www / internet . users can create and manage an individual account specifically for the purpose of proving ones identity and authority to access or engage in a wide variety of electronic activities such as purchasing , accessing confidential information , authorizing transactions , etc . user devices are connected to a security application service provider system and security system that maintain the individual accounts and communicate with participating vendors . the service provider system generates standard command buttons and text boxes for the users . | 6 |
an apparatus and method of sniper localization includes an internal clock ; an acoustic sensor positioned in a known location and detecting pressure waves ; a first processor determining the trajectory of the supersonic projectile , where the first processor includes a shock wave threshold detector receiving time series information and recording arrival times of shock wave components of the pressure waves ; a blast threshold detector receiving the time series information and recording arrival times and amplitude information of blast wave components of the pressure waves ; a discrimination processor discriminating between a blast wave , a shock wave , or neither , and storing arrival times of each of the potential blast wave components classified as the blast wave ; and a localization estimation processor calculating an estimated trajectory of the projectile based on the blast wave and the shock wave arrival times and calculating an estimated firing position of the projectile . | 6 |
a composition and a method for the amelioration of lupus , related rheumatic diseases and inflammatory joint diseases . the composition consists of a bioflavonoid combined with bromelain . vitamin c may be added to the composition to improve its efficacy . the preferred flavonoid is luteolin or quercetin . myricetin may also be used as may be a glycoside such as rutin that contains either luteolin , quercetin or myricetin as an aglycone . other effective flavonoids can be selected by their ability to interact with the kv1 . 3 channel of lymphocytes . in preferred method of treatment a mixture of flavonoid , bromelain and vitamin c is administered at least daily by an oral route . a mixture of 500 mg quercetin , 500 mg bromelain and 500 mg vitamin c administered three times daily is effective . | 0 |
applications are instrumented to gather usability information . the gathered usability information is analyzed . this analysis can identify , for example , unused or infrequently used features , very frequently used features or features that users have trouble utilizing . based on the analysis , determinations are made as to modifications to make to the applications . the modifications can be executed by the same instrumentation used to gather the usability data . | 6 |
diesel engine exhaust filtration systems , and ceramic honeycomb wall flow exhaust filters for such systems , wherein the filters comprise axially centralized filter sections having a higher heat capacity and / or a higher gas flow resistance than peripheral filter sections disposed radially outwardly thereof , the filters thereby exhibiting increased resistance to thermal damage from filter regeneration over - heating . | 8 |
the present invention relates to the use of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging procedures for the diagnosis of conditions in which blood circulation or similar molecular displacements within biological tissues are measured . pulse sequences are used in accordance with the invention which suppress the contribution of non - moving tissue or bulk motion . | 6 |
Precise measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background can be used to constrain the annihilation and decay of dark matter. In this work, we demonstrate via principal component analysis that the imprint of dark matter decay on the cosmic microwave background can be approximately parametrized by a single number for any given dark matter model. We develop a simple prescription for computing this model-dependent detectability factor, and demonstrate how this approach can be used to set model-independent bounds on a large class of decaying dark matter scenarios. We repeat our analysis for decay lifetimes shorter than the age of the Universe, allowing us to set constraints on metastable species other than the dark matter decaying at early times, and decays that only liberate a tiny fraction of the dark matter mass energy. We set precise bounds and validate our principal component analysis using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach and Planck 2015 data. | 9 |
the invention is directed to a polymer thick film silver composition comprising a conductive silver powder ; and an organic medium comprising three different resins and organic solvent , wherein the ratio of the weight of the conductive silver powder to the total weight of the three different resins is between 5 : 1 and 45 : 1 . the composition may be processed at a time and energy sufficient to remove all solvent . the invention is further directed to a method of electrode grid and / or bus bar formation on thin - film photovoltaic cells using the composition and to cells formed from the method and the composition . | 2 |
Physical conditions of the interstellar medium in galaxies are closely linked to the ambient radiation field and the heating of dust grains. In order to characterize dust properties in galaxies over a wide range of physical conditions, we present here the radial surface brightness profiles of the entire sample of 61 galaxies from Key Insights into Nearby Galaxies: Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel (KINGFISH). The main goal of our work is the characterization of the grain emissivities, dust temperatures, and interstellar radiation fields (ISRFs) responsible for heating the dust. We first fit the radial profiles with exponential functions in order to compare stellar and cool-dust disk scalelengths, as measured by 3.6 μm and 250 μm surface brightnesses. Our results show thatthe stellar and dust scalelengths are comparable, with a mean ratio of 1.04, although several galaxies show dust-to-stellar scalelength ratios of 1.5 or more. We then fit the far-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) in each annular region with single-temperature modified blackbodies using both variable (MBBV) and fixed (MBBF) emissivity indices β, as well as with physically motivated dust models. The KINGFISH profiles are well suited to examining trends of dust temperature T<SUB>dust</SUB> and β because they span a factor of ~200 in the ISRF intensity heating the bulk of the dust mass, U<SUB>min</SUB>. Results from fitting the profile SEDs suggest that, on average, T<SUB>dust</SUB>, dust optical depth τ<SUB>dust</SUB>, and U<SUB>min</SUB> decrease with radius. The emissivity index β also decreases with radius in some galaxies, but in others is increasing, or rising in the inner regions and falling in the outer ones. Despite the fixed grain emissivity (average β ~ 2.1) of the physically-motivated models, they are well able to accommodate flat spectral slopes with β ≲ 1. An analysis of the wavelength variations of dust emissivities in both the data and the models shows that flatter slopes (β ≲ 1.5) are associated with cooler temperatures, contrary to what would be expected from the usual T<SUB>dust</SUB> - β degeneracy. This trend is related to variations in U<SUB>min</SUB> since β and U<SUB>min</SUB> are very closely linked over the entire range in U<SUB>min</SUB> sampled by the KINGFISH galaxies: low U<SUB>min</SUB> is associated with flat β ≲ 1. Both these results strongly suggest that the low apparent β values (flat slopes) in MBBV fits are caused by temperature mixing along the line of sight, rather than by intrinsic variations in grain properties. Finally, a comparison of dust models and the data show a slight ~10% excess at 500 μm for low metallicity (12 + log (O/H) ≲ 8) and low far-infrared surface brightness (Σ<SUB>500</SUB>). <P />Based on Herschel observations. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.Appendices are available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424734/olm">http://www.aanda.org</A>Data are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/576/A33">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/576/A33</A> | 9 |
a towel dispenser includes a housing , a sensor , and a motor assembly that causes in response to a hand : a leading edge of the toweling to be extended from the housing a multiple of a predetermined unit length , optionally plus a further extent that is less than pul ; and then to be retracted . the motor assembly ceases retracting based on sensing the leading edge of the toweling . pul is set in a length learn sequence by : retracting the toweling until a leading edge of the toweling is sensed ; advancing the toweling a preset extended length greater than at least a distance between immediately adjacent lines of perforations in the toweling ; retracting the toweling until a leading edge of the toweling is sensed while measuring a length by which the toweling is retracted ; and determining the difference between the preset extended length and the measured retracted length . | 0 |
a process of preparing a starch hydrolysate from wheat , barley or rye comprising the steps of contacting kernels of wheat , barley or rye with an aqueous solution to hydrate and soften the kernels , gently wet - milling the hydrated and softened kernels , separating fibres and pentosans attached thereto as well as germs and gluten from the wet - milled product to form a starch - containing slurry essentially free of insoluble pentosans , carefully washing the fraction to form a refined , starch - containing product , hydrolysing the refined product to form a starch hydrolysate and finally refining the hydrolysate . | 2 |
a fuel containment containing nuclear fuel rods of a fuel assembly which will be loaded into a reactor core of a fast breeder reactor is formed narrow in width at middle portion of vertical direction and long in length of vertical direction . and as being used in the reactor core , the middle portion of vertical direction of the fuel containment , wherein both of heat generation and swelling are larger than that of other portion , expands more than other portion , but undesirable contact with adjacent fuel assemblies can be avoided as the middle portion is previously formed narrow . moreover , the other portions , wherein expansion of the fuel containment and undesirable contact with adjacent fuel assemblies are barely caused , are formed previously wide in width by enlarging the coolant flow path of the fuel containment , whereby pressure drop of coolant of coolant used in the reactor core can be reduced . | 6 |
It is important to explore the diversity of characteristics of low-mass, low-density planets to understand the nature and evolution of this class of planets. We present a homogeneous analysis of 12 new and 9 previously published broad-band photometric observations of the Uranus-sized extrasolar planet GJ 3470b, which belongs to the growing sample of sub-Jovian bodies orbiting M dwarfs. The consistency of our analysis explains some of the discrepancies between previously published results and provides updated constraints on the planetary parameters. Our data are also consistent with previous transit observations of this system. The physical properties of the transiting system can only be constrained as well as the host star is characterized, so we provide new spectroscopic measurements of GJ 3470 from 0.33 to 2.42 μm to aid our analysis. We find R<SUB>*</SUB> = 0.48 ± 0.04 R<SUB>⊙</SUB>, M<SUB>*</SUB> = 0.51 ± 0.06 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, and T<SUB>eff</SUB> = 3652 ± 50K for GJ 3470, along with a rotation period of 20.70 ± 0.15 d and an R-band amplitude of 0.01 mag, which is small enough that current transit measurements should not be strongly affected by stellar variability. However, to report definitively whether stellar activity has a significant effect on the light curves, this requires future multiwavelength, multi-epoch studies of GJ 3470. We also present the most precise orbital ephemeris for this system: T<SUB>o</SUB> = 2455983.70472 ± 0.00021BJD<SUB>TDB</SUB>, P = 3.336 6487^{+0.000 0043}_{-0.000 0033} d, and we see no evidence for transit timing variations greater than 1 min. Our reported planet to star radius ratio is 0.076 42 ± 0.000 37. The physical parameters of this planet are R<SUB>p</SUB> = 3.88 ± 0.32 R<SUB>⊕</SUB> and M<SUB>p</SUB> = 13.73 ± 1.61 M<SUB>⊕</SUB>. Because of our revised stellar parameters, the planetary radius we present is smaller than previously reported values. We also perform a second analysis of the transmission spectrum of the entire ensemble of transit observations to date, supporting the existence of an H<SUB>2</SUB>-dominated atmosphere exhibiting a strong Rayleigh scattering slope. | 9 |
the present invention includes a method of monitoring and controlling interior functions of a vehicle , for example , a memory seat position , a vehicle pedal position , a steering column position , a vehicle interior temperature , and / or whether the vehicle is occupied or unoccupied at certain times and under certain conditions . the interior functions are controlled by passively monitoring a characteristic of an occupant , determining an identity of the occupant based on the monitored characteristic , and regulating the interior function based upon the identity of the occupant . the monitored characteristic , for example , may be representative of a weight classification or biomass associated with the occupant , or a signal or input generated based upon a user identification device , for example , a key fob or other personal electronic device carried by the occupant . | 1 |
the disclosed zoom lens is constructed with a front lens group including , from front to rear , a positive lens unit , a negative lens unit and a positive lens unit having a positive overall refractive power . a rear lens group having a negative overall refractive power arranged on the image side of the front lens group moves axially along with the front lens group in differential relation . the rear lens group is constructed with a negative front lens having a glass relatively large abbe number and a positive rear lens having a glass of relatively small abbe number to achieve good stability of chromatic aberration correction against zooming . | 6 |
a two - player game combining an assembly of ring - form components modifiable by the rotation and sliding of two handles . the game has first and second handles separated by a series of rotatable game rings . each game ring bears a pattern of selected indicia about its circumference . game ring engagement members associated with the handles are constructed for engagement with and rotation of selected of the game rings to align selected of the indicia thereon with indicia on adjacent game rings , by pushing , pulling and rotating movement of the handles about a central common axis , each game rings being free to rotate about the central common axis and held by a series of stationary spacer rings . in one preferred embodiment , an electronic indicator circuit detects occurrence of a predetermined desired alignment of indicia and emits a signal thereupon . | 0 |
Context. Some circumstellar-interacting (CSI) supernovae (SNe) are produced by the explosions of massive stars that have lost mass shortly before the SN explosion. There is evidence that the precursors of some SNe IIn were luminous blue variable (LBV) stars. For a small number of CSI SNe, outbursts have been observed before the SN explosion. Eruptive events of massive stars are named SN impostors (SN IMs) and whether they herald a forthcoming SN or not is still unclear. The large variety of observational properties of CSI SNe suggests the existence of other progenitors, such as red supergiant (RSG) stars with superwinds. Furthermore, the role of metallicity in the mass loss of CSI SN progenitors is still largely unexplored. <BR /> Aims: Our goal is to gain insight into the nature of the progenitor stars of CSI SNe by studying their environments, in particular the metallicity at their locations. <BR /> Methods: We obtain metallicity measurements at the location of 60 transients (including SNe IIn, SNe Ibn, and SN IMs) via emission-line diagnostic on optical spectra obtained at the Nordic Optical Telescope and through public archives. Metallicity values from the literature complement our sample. We compare the metallicity distributions among the different CSI SN subtypes, and to those of other core-collapse SN types. We also search for possible correlations between metallicity and CSI SN observational properties. <BR /> Results: We find that SN IMs tend to occur in environments with lower metallicity than those of SNe IIn. Among SNe IIn, SN IIn-L(1998S-like) SNe show higher metallicities, similar to those of SNe IIL/P, whereas long-lasting SNe IIn (1988Z-like) show lower metallicities, similar to those of SN IMs. The metallicity distribution of SNe IIn can be reproduced by combining the metallicity distributions of SN IMs (which may be produced by major outbursts of massive stars like LBVs) and SNe IIP (produced by RSGs). The same applies to the distributions of the normalized cumulative rank (NCR) values, which quantifies the SN association to H ii regions. For SNe IIn, we find larger mass-loss rates and higher CSM velocities at higher metallicities. The luminosity increment in the optical bands during SN IM outbursts tend to be larger at higher metallicity, whereas the SN IM quiescent optical luminosities tend to be lower. <BR /> Conclusions: The difference in metallicity between SNe IIn and SN IMs indicates that LBVs are only one of the progenitor channels for SNe IIn, with 1988Z-like and 1998S-like SNe possibly arising from LBVs and RSGs, respectively. Finally, even though line-driven winds likely do not primarily drive the late mass-loss of CSI SN progenitors, metallicity has some impact on the observational properties of these transients. <P />Based on observations performed at the Nordic Optical Telescope (Proposal numbers: P45-004, P49-016; PI: F. Taddia), La Palma, Spain.Tables 1-3, 5-7 and Figs. 4-7, 11-14 are available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525989/olm">http://www.aanda.org</A> | 9 |
Magnetic fields of the order of 100 μG observed in young supernova remnants cannot be amplified by shock compression alone. To investigate the amplification caused by a turbulent dynamo, we perform three-dimensional MHD simulations of the interaction between a shock wave and an inhomogeneous density distribution with a shallow spectrum in the preshock medium. The postshock turbulence is mainly driven by the strongest preshock density contrast and follows the Kolmogorov scaling. The resulting turbulence amplifies the postshock magnetic field. The time evolution of the magnetic fields agrees with the prediction of the nonlinear turbulent dynamo theory of Xu & Lazarian. When the initially weak magnetic field is perpendicular to the shock normal, the maximum amplification of the field's strength reaches a factor of ≈200, which is twice as large as that for a parallel shock. We find that the perpendicular shock exhibits a smaller turbulent Alfvén Mach number in the vicinity of the shock front than the parallel shock. However, the strongest magnetic field has a low volume filling factor and is limited by the turbulent energy due to the reconnection diffusion taking place in a turbulent and magnetized fluid. The magnetic field strength averaged along the z-axis is reduced by a factor ≳10. We decompose the turbulent velocity and magnetic field into solenoidal and compressive modes. The solenoidal mode is dominant and evolves to follow the Kolmogorov scaling, even though the preshock density distribution has a shallow spectrum. When the preshock density distribution has a Kolmogorov spectrum, the turbulent velocity's compressive component increases. | 9 |
a computer program product for use with dictated medical patient information resides on a computer - readable medium and comprises computer - readable instructions for causing a computer to analyze the dictated information , identify likely confidential information in the dictated medical patient information , and treat the likely confidential information disparately from likely non - confidential information in the dictated medical patient information . | 6 |
a mountable , portable , liquid or gel dispensing apparatus provided with mounting means , a reservoir and a pliable button . the mounting means are fixedly attached on the liquid or gel dispensing apparatus and designed for mounting the liquid or gel dispensing apparatus on anything capable of being hooked . the reservoir is housed within the liquid or gel dispensing apparatus . it receives and stores the liquid or gel until the pliable button , which is communicatingly connected to the reservoir , is intentionally actuated to release and dispense the stored liquid or gel . | 0 |
techniques for providing identity - enabled interfaces for deployment are presented . specifically , an agent of an enterprise infrastructure authenticates and acquires an agent identity for interacting with a cloud processing environment . once the agent is deployed in the cloud processing environment , enterprise policy can be enforced within the cloud processing environment on actions occurring within the cloud . the agent acts as an application programming interface between the enterprise and the cloud processing environment . the reverse is also achievable , where a cloud deploys an agent to the enterprise to deploy a cloud interface within the enterprise for policy enforcement . | 7 |
a semiconductor package structure includes : a dielectric layer ; a metal layer disposed on the dielectric layer and having a die pad and traces , the traces each including a trace body , a bond pad extending to the periphery of the die pad , and an opposite trace end ; metal pillars penetrating the dielectric layer with one ends thereof connecting to the die pad and the trace ends while the other ends thereof protruding from the dielectric layer ; a semiconductor chip mounted on the die pad and electrically connected to the bond pads through bonding wires ; and an encapsulant covering the semiconductor chip , the bonding wires , the metal layer , and the dielectric layer . the invention is characterized by disposing traces with bond pads close to the die pad to shorten bonding wires and forming metal pillars protruding from the dielectric layer to avoid solder bridging encountered in prior techniques . | 7 |
Implementation used in the MIND-DC trial (NCT02993315). | 9 |
a recording medium , comprising a data area including a segment region and a replacement region ; a first control data area storing access control information for controlling access to the segment region ; and a second control data area storing defect control information for controlling a defective region of the recording medium , replacing a data of the defective region to the replacement region , wherein the replacement region corresponding to the defective region of the segment region is handled as the segment region to the access control information . | 6 |
a flat panel display includes a glass substrate , an organic light - emitting part , and a sealing part . the organic light - emitting part includes one or more organic light - emitting devices formed on a surface of the glass substrate , which has a thickness of about 0 . 05 mm to about 0 . 5 mm . the sealing part seals the organic light - emitting part and protects it from damage during the manufacturing process . a method for manufacturing the flat panel display comprises preparing a glass substrate of approximately 0 . 7 mm thickness or greater ; forming a plurality of organic light - emitting devices on a surface of the glass substrate , wherein a group of one or more of the plurality of organic light - emitting devices constitutes an organic light - emitting part ; sealing each organic light - emitting part ; and etching the glass substrate to a predetermined thickness . | 8 |
a system and method for detecting soot and or ash loading within a filter is provided . the method comprises the steps of transmitting a source rf signal through a filter , measuring a reflected rf signal , measuring a transmitted rf signal , calculating reflected power by comparing the source rf signal with the reflected rf signal , calculating attenuated power by comparing the source rf signal with the transmitted rf signal , and determining soot loading based on reflected power and transmitted power . the system and method may also determine ash loading . | 6 |
a projection aligner includes a light source , a condenser lens system for directing light from the light source onto a mask on which a circuit pattern is formed , a projecting lens system for collecting on the surface of a wafer the light transmitted through the mask , and an aperture member disposed between the light source and the condenser lens system . the aperture member includes a transmitting zone for transmitting light from the light source and a phase shift member for producing a predetermined phase difference between light transmitted through the transmitting zone and light transmitted through a region surrounding the transmitting zone . | 6 |
I will give an overview of the results from a recent simulation campaign (Magneticum, www.magneticum.org), where we followed the formation of cosmological structures in so far unaccomplished detail, performing a large set of cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations covering up to Gpc^3 volumes, taking into account enough physical processes (star-formation, chemical enrichment, AGN feedback) to allow a self consistent comparison to observations at multiple wavelength. These simulations allow to study the self consistent formation of galaxies as well as galaxy clusters, shedding new light of the interplay beween the evolution of the cosmological structures and their apperance, from morphologies of galaxies up to galaxy clusters and their thermal footprint for X-Ray and CMB missions. | 9 |
a user friendly system that permits an unskilled person to quickly add dispersant material to a fluid system with the user friendly system utilizing operator evident dispersant carriers such as drawers , hangars or insertable cartridges . | 2 |
a locomotive underframe cng fuel storage system including : a crashworthy enclosure including a removable side panel and a permanent side panel welded into place ; and at least one cng cylinder module , wherein each cng cylinder module includes a plurality of cng cylinders stacked vertically , secured to a vertical wall , and separated by a horizontal plate , wherein the horizontal plate extends towards but does not contact the vertical wall when the vertical wall is planar and , further wherein , the horizontal plate supports the vertical wall from moving further out of plane when vertical axial weight causes the vertical wall for move out of plane towards the horizontal plate . | 5 |
in a change - speed gearbox or motor vehicles with a front molted transverse drive unit comprising a change - speed gearbox in line with an engine and a final drive which is driven by the output gearwheel of the change - speed gearbox and has its main axle mounted in the gearbox housings 1 , 2 , the final drive is a bevel gear right - angle drive consisting of a crown wheel and a pinion and the crown wheel is arranged on an axle member consisting of the same material as the gearbox housings . | 8 |
a method is shown providing a bill validator that is adaptable for bill payback by utilizing an attachable bill hopper module to fit between the bill stacker and the bill validator . a construction is shown providing a bill validator utilizing an attachable bill hopper module fitted between the bill stacker and the bill validator that fits in the same “ envelope ” with an existing bill validator with stacker . a method and construction is shown where higher bill security is provided when the power is off . a method and construction is shown where higher bill security is provided when humidity and icing occur in and around the inlet . | 6 |
a method of producing heatable mirrors comprising depositing onto a ribbon of hot glass during the production process a reflecting coating whereby the mirrors so formed have a visible light reflection of at least 70 % and depositing an electroconductive heating layer onto the mirrors . there is also provided a heatable mirror comprising a glass substrate carrying a non - metallic reflecting coating whereby the mirror has a visible light reflection of at least 70 % and an electroconductive heating layer deposited on the coated substrate . | 6 |
the invention here disclosed comprises a method and apparatus for rejuvenating an asphalt roadway surface resulting in up to approximately three inches of new repaved roadway surface produced at speeds of up to approximately twenty - two feet per minute . the method includes the steps of heating a top layer of roadway , scarifying that heated layer , adding a recycling agent and thoroughly mixing and screeding the road surface to form a recycled material , adding new asphalt mix to the recycled material and milling the combination to form a mixed material and leaving a sub - layer plane in the roadbed . the mixed material is next conveyed away to a paving station located at the end of the process . during this conveying , the sub - layer left by the milling cut is heated , scarified , treated and worked in a manner similar to the treatment performed on the top layer of road surface . finally , the mixed material is laid upon the now properly prepared sub - layer at a paving station and a new welded , monolithic , roadsurface is formed . the apparatus of the invention comprise means for performing the above described method steps and may be incorporated into a first vehicle having independent drive means and a second vehicle , also having independent drive means designed to follow first vehicle along the road surface being repaved . | 4 |
to easily change an ordinary waterproof connector to a ventilation waterproof connector provided with a ventilation tube for introducing an atmospheric pressure into the connector housing to reduce pressure difference between inside and outside of the connector , a single ventilation tube is mechanically fixed to a connector terminal in the same way as when plural connector wires are electrically fixed to the same connector terminals , without changing the housing structure or preparing additional parts . | 7 |
We present an improvement of the phase distance correlation (PDC) periodogram to account for uncertainties in the time-series data. The PDC periodogram introduced in our previous papers is based on the statistical concept of distance correlation. By viewing each measurement and its accompanying error estimate as a probability distribution, we are able to use the concept of energy distance to design a distance function (metric) between measurement-uncertainty pairs. We used this metric as the basis for the PDC periodogram,instead of the simple absolute difference. We demonstrate the periodogram's performance using both simulated and real-life data. This adaptation makes the PDC periodogram much more useful, demonstrating it can be helpful in the exploration of large time-resolved astronomical databases, ranging from Gaia radial velocity and photometry data releases to those of smaller surveys, such as APOGEE and LAMOST. We have made a public GitHub repository available, with a Python implementation of the new tools available to the community. | 9 |
a control system which is capable of selectively using any of a plurality of communication devices . when an operator selects a desired communication device from a plurality of communication devices , state information concerning each of the communication devices is rewritten so as to render only the selected communication device usable . the control system uses properties of the os to temporarily stop all the communication devices , and thereafter controls only the selected communication device usable in accordance with the changed state information . | 7 |
a carpal bone prothesis comprising a body member made of a biocompatible , medically inert material which is designed to be restrained along at least two independent axes . in one important embodiment , the body member includes at least two independent channels and ingrowth receptive ligaments which extend through the channels and are attached to adjacent carpal bones along the first axis and to the dorsal and palmar capsules along the second axis . | 0 |
improved apparatus for shaping electrodes wherein an abrasive die member is driven into contact with an electrode workpiece member while the die and workpiece members are oscillated with respect to one another in the horizontal plane and wherein the relative vertical motion of the die and workpiece members is controlled as a function of the relative vertical position thereof . | 1 |
the amount of exposure to a light beam is coarsely adjusted by a coarse adjusting unit which has a wider adjustment range , and finely adjusted by a fine adjusting unit which has a narrower adjustment range but a higher adjustment accuracy . with the coarse and fine adjusting units , the amount of light of the light beam for recording an image can be adjusted to a nicety by a relatively inexpensive arrangement . | 7 |
according to the present invention there is provided a compact heat pump using water as refrigerant , comprising an evaporator located at a first end section of the heat pump casing , adapted to allow evaporation of water therefrom , one or more compressors located at a second end section of the heat pump casing adapted to induce said evaporation by maintaining vacuum , provided with an intake conduit extending from the evaporator to the compressor leading vapor thereto . a condenser is located in the intermediate section of the casing wherein the intake conduit passes therethrough , adapted for condensing the vapor . the heat pump also comprises vacuum means allowing creating and maintaining vacuum in the casing . there is also provided a snow dome allowing skiing and snow related activities in above zero conditions using the heat pump for creation of snow or ice slurry . | 8 |
an improved method for producing a vanadium - gallium superconductor wire having aluminum as a component thereof is disclosed , said wire being encased in a gallium bearing copper sheath . the superconductors disclosed herein may be fabricated under normal atmospheres and room temperatures by forming a tubular shaped billet having a core composed of an alloy of vanadium and aluminum and an outer sheath composed of an alloy of copper , gallium and aluminum . thereafter the entire billet is swage reduced to form a wire therefrom and heat treated to form a layer of v 3 ga in the interior of the wire . | 8 |
a method of separating co 2 from a hydrocarbon gas inlet stream that is within predetermined pressure and temperature ranges , including the steps of subjecting the inlet stream to fractional distillation providing a co 2 bottom product stream and a distillation overhead stream , passing the distillation overhead stream to the inlet of a primary reflux drum producing a primary reflux liquid stream and a hydrocarbon vapor stream , subjecting the hydrocarbon vapor stream to membrane separation to provide a hydrocarbon product stream and a permeate stream , compressing the permeate stream and recycling the compressed permeate stream to the inlet of the primary reflux drum thereby providing a co 2 liquid product and a hydrocarbon gas product . | 8 |
a real - time particulate matter measuring system includes a hot diluter for receiving and diluting aerosol . an evaporation unit receives the diluted aerosol . a cold diluter receives and dilutes the output flow from the evaporation unit . a condensation particle counter receives the diluted output flow and measures the particle number concentration . an integrated device also receives the diluted output flow . the integrated device measures at least one of particle diameter concentration and particle surface area . the integrated device also measures mass concentration . | 6 |
a method and apparatus for linear and nonlinear control of a hydraulic press is provided with a feedback loop allowing the operation of a variable displacement pump to be selectively controlled with respect to either hydraulic pressure moving a piston in a cylinder , or the velocity of the piston . during controlled movement of the piston , a directional valve blocks a pump compensator so that the pump operates as a fixed displacement pump to provide fast response to feedback signals . simultaneously , the directional valve connects a proportional pressure controller to a relief valve . during a period when the piston is maintained in fixed position , the directional valve is switched so that the proportional pressure controller now controls the pump compensator and the relief valve is blocked , so that energy consumption is substantially reduced . zero or low piston velocity is obtained by means of a sequence valve which blocks hydraulic supply to the piston below a designated pressure to eliminate the influence of inherent system pressure which may cause piston movement in the absence of sufficient material pressure . | 8 |
compounds of formula : ## str1 ## where r is alkyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms , alkenyl having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms or cyclohexyl ; r 1 is alkyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms , alkenyl having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms or cyclohexyl ; and r and r 1 together can form a ---- n group wherein n is an integer from 4 to 6 . these compounds can be used as phytotoxicity antidotes for thiolcarbamate and / or acetanilide herbicides for use on corn cultivations . | 2 |
an optical printing head for a printer for the line - by - line recording of graphics and text in successive parallel lines on a photosensitive record carrier disposed at a printing location , the head including : a plurality of actuatable optical components disposed adjacent one another in the direction of the recording lines and each constituting a source of dot - like light elements ; objective lenses disposed between , and having optical axes extending between , the optical components and the printing location for projecting the light elements provided by each optical component onto the printing location along a portion of each printing line ; and members operatively associated with the lenses for adjustably positioning the lenses relative to the optical components in at least one direction in a plane transverse to the optical axes . | 1 |
In this paper we report the first identification of jellyfish galaxies in the Perseus cluster (Abell 426). We identified four jellyfish galaxies (LEDA 2191078, MCG +07-07-070, UGC 2654, UGC 2665) within the central 2° ×2° (2.6 Mpc × 2.6 Mpc) of Perseus based on the presence of one-sided radio continuum tails that were detected at 144 MHz by the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR). The observed radio tails, as well as the orientation of morphological features in the rest-frame optical, are consistent with these four galaxies being impacted by ram pressure stripping as they orbit through the Perseus intracluster medium. By combining the LOFAR imaging at 144 MHz with 344 MHz imaging from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, we derived spectral indices for the disks and the stripped tails of these jellyfish galaxies. We show that the spectral indices over the galaxy disks are quite flat, while the indices of the stripped tails are substantially steeper. We also identified a number of compact Hα + [NII] sources with narrowband imaging from the Isaac Newton Telescope. These sources are brighter along the leading side of the galaxy (i.e., opposite to the direction of the stripped tail), which is consistent with ram pressure induced star formation. Lastly, consistent with previous works in other clusters, we find that these jellyfish galaxies show enhanced radio luminosities for their observed star formation rates. Given the small distance to the Perseus cluster (D ∼ 70 Mpc, 1″ ≃ 340 pc), these galaxies are excellent candidates for multiwavelength follow-up observations to probe the impact of ram pressure stripping on galaxy star formation at subkiloparsec scales. | 9 |
This software processes land surface data to construct a a model grid and a database of terrain properties to be used in land surface models. This repository is a supplement to the publication "Effects of complex terrain on the shortwave radiative balance: A sub–grid scale parameterization for the GFDL Land Model version 4.1.", by Enrico Zorzetto et al., Geoscientific Model Developement. | 9 |
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