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52239695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaustubh%20Khade | Kaustubh Khade | Kaustubh Khade (born 17 January 1987) is a professional kayaker. After graduating from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, he took up kayaking as a challenge and in a span of five years, has become one of India's top professional kayakers. Trained under twelve time world Champion for Surfski Kayaking, Oscar Chalupsky, his first major tournament was the 2012 National Championship for Dragon Boat Racing held in Mumbai in which he had one of the best timings of the Championship and qualified for the International Asian Dragon Boat Championship in Thailand. He was part of the Indian contingent that was sent to Thailand, where they managed to secure nine medals, out of which his contribution was two silver and one bronze.
Kayaking records
In 2015, he was entered in the Limca Book of Records when he kayaked solo from Mumbai to Goa in 18 days, covering a distance of 400 kilometres. In 2016, he will be the first Indian to kayak 3000 km across the western coastline of India, covering 5 states and one Union Territory from Kutch to Kanyakumari.
References
Living people
1987 births
Kayakers |
11702846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howie%20Williams%20%28basketball%29 | Howie Williams (basketball) | Howard Earl "Howie" Williams (October 29, 1927 – December 25, 2004) was an American basketball player who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics. Williams played collegiately at Purdue University where he was a 2x All-Big Ten guard (1948–49, 1949–50); he was selected as the Purdue team MVP in his junior and senior seasons and as Team Captain in 1949-50; posting a career total of 735 points (10.0 game avg). He led the Big Ten Conference in Free Throw Percentage (85.7%) for the 1948-49 season.
He was a 3rd Round pick of the Minneapolis Lakers in the 1950 NBA draft but chose instead to sign a contract with the Peoria Caterpillars of the American Athletic Union and the National Industrial Basketball League. The Caterpillars finished 4th in the NIBL but won the National AAU title (the first of three consecutive titles), knocking off the regular season champions, the Phillips Oilers in the semi-finals on Williams last second bucket. Williams and the rest of the Caterpillar team defeated the NCAA Champion Kansas Jayhawks in the AAU Title game. Following the title game, the Los Angeles Times named Williams the AAU Player of the Year; Williams then led Peoria to another AAU National title in 1953.
The 1952 win placed Williams as well as Peoria teammates; Ronald Bontemps, Marcus Freiberger, Frank McCabe and Dan Pippin on the U.S. Olympic squad. That team, led by fellow native Hoosier Clyde Lovellette won the gold medal. He played all eight games and finished #8 in scoring for the squad.
Williams spent four seasons playing for the Caterpillars and finished with 1,235 career points, eighth on their career scoring list.
He was inducted into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame in 1989 and the Greater Peoria Sports Hall of Fame in 1991. He died in Phoenix, Arizona in 2004; following a 35-year career with the Caterpillar Corporation.
References
External links
Indiana Hall of Fame bio
USA Basketball profile
Peoria Hall of Fame bio
1927 births
2004 deaths
Basketball players at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Basketball players from Indiana
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Minneapolis Lakers draft picks
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in basketball
Peoria Caterpillars players
People from Montgomery County, Indiana
Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball players
United States men's national basketball team players
American men's basketball players
Guards (basketball) |
33781520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373%20Danish%201.%20division%20season | 1972–73 Danish 1. division season | The 1972–73 Danish 1. division season was the 16th season of ice hockey in Denmark. Ten teams participated in the league, and Herning IK won the championship. IK Aalborg was relegated.
Regular season
External links
Season on eliteprospects.com
Danish
1972 in Danish sport
1973 in Danish sport |
20167028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy%20capturing | Policy capturing | Policy capturing or "the PC technique" is a statistical method used in social psychology to quantify the relationship between a person's judgement and the information that was used to make that judgement. Policy capturing assessments rely upon regression analysis models. Policy capturing is frequently used by businesses to assess employee performance.
Policy capturing is a technique that is used to examine how individuals reach decisions. Policy capturing is regarded as a form of judgment analysis and has been applied to a variety of settings and contexts (see Cooksey, 1996).
A typical example was reported by Sherer, Schwab and Heneman (1987), in their study of how supervisors, in the setting of a private hospital, reach decisions about salary raises. Participants of this study, called judges, received information about a set of employees. The employees differed on five key factors: performance level was average or superior, performance was consistent or inconsistent, current salary was low, medium, or high, and the individuals either had or had not been offered another job from a different organization. After reading information about each employee, participants then decided whether the percentage and absolute increase in salary they would recommend. Which of these five factors shaped the decisions varied appreciably across the participants.
Hitt and Barr reported another excellent example of policy capturing. This study assessed which factors determine evaluations of job applicants and corresponding salaries. The participants or judges-66 managers who often need to reach similar decisions in their work lives-read the applications of these applicants and watched a video presentation that each candidate had prepared. Several variables differed across applicants: the applicants, for example, had accumulated either 10 or 15 years of experience, were 35 or 35 years of age, were male or female, were African or Caucasian, had completed a BS or MBA, and were applying to be a regional sales manager or vice president of sales. Subsequent analysis showed that factors unrelated to experience, such as age and sex, affected decisions. Furthermore, the relevance of each factor interacted with one another.
See also
Linear programming
Statistics
Analysis
Regression analysis
Mathematical modelling
Recruitment
Regression analysis
Comparison of assessments |
1398722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge%20and%20furrow | Ridge and furrow | Ridge and furrow is an archaeological pattern of ridges (Medieval Latin sliones) and troughs created by a system of ploughing used in Europe during the Middle Ages, typical of the open field system. It is also known as rig (or rigg) and furrow, mostly in the North East of England and in Scotland.
The earliest examples date to the immediate post-Roman period and the system was used until the 17th century in some areas, as long as the open field system survived. Surviving ridge and furrow topography is found in Great Britain, Ireland and elsewhere in Europe. The surviving ridges are parallel, ranging from apart and up to tall – they were much taller when in use. Older examples are often curved.
Ridge and furrow topography was a result of ploughing with non-reversible ploughs on the same strip of land each year. It is visible on land that was ploughed in the Middle Ages, but which has not been ploughed since then. No actively ploughed ridge and furrow survives.
The ridges or lands became units in landholding, in assessing the work of the ploughman and in reaping in autumn.
Origin
Traditional ploughs have the ploughshare and mouldboard on the right, and so turn the soil over to the right (see single-sided ploughing). This means that the plough cannot return along the same line for the next furrow. Instead, ploughing is done in a clockwise direction around a long rectangular strip (a land). After ploughing one of the long sides of the strip, the plough is removed from the ground at the end of the field, moved across the unploughed headland (the short end of the strip), then put back in the ground to work back down the other long side of the strip. The width of the ploughed strip is fairly narrow, to avoid having to drag the plough too far across the headland. This process has the effect of moving the soil in each half of the strip one furrow's-width towards the centre line each time the field is ploughed.
In the Middle Ages each strip was managed by one family, within large open fields held in common (see strip cultivation), and the locations of the strips were the same each year. The movement of soil year after year gradually built the centre of each strip up into a ridge, leaving a dip, or "furrow" between each ridge (this use of "furrow" is different from that for the small furrow left by each pass of the plough). The building up of a ridge was called filling or gathering, and was sometimes done before ploughing began. The raised ridges offered better drainage in a wet climate: moisture drained into the furrows, and since the ridges were laid down a slope, in a sloping field water would collect in a ditch at the bottom. Only on some well-drained soils were the fields left flat. In damper soil towards the base of the ridge, pulses (peas or beans) or dredge (a mixture of oats and barley) might be sown where wheat would have become waterlogged, as Thomas Tusser suggested in the 16th century:
For wheat till land
Where water doth stand.
Sow pease or dredge
below in that redge.
The dip often marked the boundary between plots. Although they varied, strips would traditionally be a furlong (a "furrow-long") in length, (220 yards, about 200 metres), and from about up to a chain wide (22 yards, about 20 metres), giving an area of from .
In most places ploughing continued over the centuries, and later methods (especially the reversible plough) removed the ridge and furrow pattern. However, in some cases the land became grassland, and where this has not been ploughed since, the pattern has often been preserved. Surviving ridge and furrow may have a height difference of in places, and gives a strongly rippled effect to the landscape. When in active use, the height difference was even more, over in places.
Curved strips
In the early Middle Ages ploughing was done with large teams of small oxen (commonly eight oxen in four pairs), and the plough itself was a large, mainly wooden implement. The team and plough together were therefore many yards long, and this led to a particular effect in ridge and furrow fields. When reaching the end of the furrow, the leading oxen met the end first, and were turned left along the headland, while the plough continued as long as possible in the furrow (the strongest oxen were yoked at the back, and could draw the plough on their own for this short distance). By the time the plough eventually reached the end, the oxen were standing lined up facing leftwards along the headland. Each pair was then turned around to walk rightwards along the headland, crossing the end of the strip, and they then started down the opposite furrow. By the time the plough itself reached the beginning of the furrow, the oxen were already lined up ready to pull it forwards.
The result of this was to twist the end of each furrow slightly to the left, making these earlier ridge and furrows into a slight reverse-S shape. This shape survives in some places as curved field boundaries, even where the ridge and furrow pattern itself has vanished.
If the oxen had been turned right at the end of the furrow, they would immediately have had to turn right again down the returning furrow, making the line of oxen cut across the top of the ploughed strip and thus pulling the plough out of the ground before it reached the end of the furrow, as well as having potential difficulty from two adjacent lines of oxen moving in opposite directions. Alternatively, if lined up rightwards along the headland, some would already be past the beginning of the new furrow, and these would have to be moved awkwardly sideways into the furrow to be ready to plough. Turning to the left made one turn at a time and avoided a sideways move.
As oxen became larger and ploughs more efficient, smaller teams were needed. These took less room on the headland, and straight ploughing became easier – and easier still when heavy horses were introduced. Late Middle Ages ridge and furrow is therefore straight.
Surviving locations
Some of the best-preserved ridge and furrow survives in the English counties of:
Buckinghamshire
Cambridgeshire
County Durham
Derbyshire
Gloucestershire
Lincolnshire
Leicestershire
Northamptonshire
Nottinghamshire
Oxfordshire
Warwickshire
West Yorkshire
In Scotland, 4-600 acres of rig and furrow survive in one area outside the town of Airdrie.
Ridge and furrow often survives on higher ground where the arable land was subsequently turned over to sheep walk in the 15th century and has not been ploughed out since by modern ploughing methods, today surviving still as pasture and grazing for sheep where the effect is clearly visible, especially when the sun is low or after a dusting of snow. It is often associated with deserted medieval villages.
Similar agricultural landforms
Cord rig, cultivation ridges created by spade digging
Lazy beds, cultivation ridges created by spade digging
Lynchets, sloping terraces on steep hillsides, created by gravity on hillslopes subject to ploughing
Raised bed gardening, a modern system of raising cultivated land above the surrounding ground
Run rig and rundale, Scottish and Irish land-use patterns named after their characteristic ridges and furrows
Water-meadows, grassland with ridges and dips to control irrigation – superficially similar to ridge and furrow, but the origin, pattern and use were very different
References
External links
Examples of ridge and furrow in photos on geograph.org.uk
Video footage of ridge and furrow.
History of agriculture
European archaeology
Landscape history |
16311298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan%20Sulzmann | Stan Sulzmann | Stanley Ernest Sulzmann (born 30 November 1948) is an English jazz saxophonist.
Biography
He was born in London, England.
Sulzmann began playing the saxophone at age of 13 and played in 1964 Bill Ashton's London Youth Jazz Orchestra, later the National Youth Jazz Orchestra. He studied at the Royal Academy of Music from 1969 to 1972. In the 1970s, he played with the Clarke-Boland Big Band (1971), Mike Gibbs (1971), John Taylor and Kenny Wheeler, Volker Kriegel, Eberhard Weber, Zbigniew Seifert (1973), Phil Woods (1978), Clark Terry (1978), and Gordon Beck. In the 1980s, he worked with Gil Evans (1983), Paul McCartney (1987), the European Jazz Ensemble (1983), the James Last Orchestra, the Hilversum Radio Orchestra, the Hamburg-based NDR Big Band, and the London Jazz Orchestra. Collaborations in the 1990s include with Allan Botschinsky, David Murray (1997), Paul Clarvis (1998), and Bruno Castellucci (1998). Television audiences around the world have heard him as the saxophone soloist in "The Belgian Detective", the theme music to ITV's Poirot, composed by Christopher Gunning.
Sulzmann has held teaching positions at the Guildhall School of Music, the Royal Academy of Music, and Trinity College of Music.
Discography
As leader
On Loan with Gratitude (Mosaic, 1977)
Krark with Tony Hymas, (Mosaic, 1979)
Illusions with Winds of Change (EMI, 1979)
Everybody's Song but My Own with John Taylor (Loose Tubes, 1987)
Aspects of Paragonne with Aspects of Paragonne (MMC, 1987)
Feudal Rabbits (Ah Um, 1991)
Never at All with Marc Copland (FMR, 1992)
Creative Sound Pictures (KPM Music, 1994)
Treasure Trove with Nikki Iles (Asc, 1996)
Bubbling Under with Sonia Slany, Tony Hymas (Village Life, 1998)
Birthdays, Birthdays (Village Life, 1999)
Ordesa with John Parricelli, Kenny Wheeler (Symbol, 2002)
Jigsaw (Basho, 2004)
Catch Me with Neon Quartet (Edition, 2010)
Star Dust with Nikki Iles (Jellymould, 2015)
Double Exposure with John Taylor (InVersion 2016)
As sideman
With Gordon Beck
Seven Steps to Evans (MPS, 1980)
Celebration (JMS, 1985)
A Tribute to Bill Evans (VideoArts, 1991)
Once Is Never Enough (FMR, 1996)
November Song (JMS, 1999)
With European Jazz Ensemble
At the Philharmonic Cologne (MA Music, 1989)
Meets the Khan Family (MA Music, 1992)
20th Anniversary Tour (Konnex, 1997)
25th Anniversary (Konnex, 2002)
30th Anniversary Tour 2006 (Konnex, 2009)
35th Anniversary Tour 2011 (Konnex, 2011)
With James Last
Hansimania (Polydor, 1981)
Plus (Polydor, 1986)
Berlin Concert (Polydor, 1987)
With Michael Gibbs
Tanglewood 63 (Deram, 1971)
Just Ahead (Polydor, 1972)
Directs the Only Chrome-Waterfall Orchestra (Bronze, 1975)
With Tony Hymas
Insight (KPM Music, 1986)
Flying Fortress (Nato, 1988)
Oyate (Nato, 1990)
With Kenny Wheeler
Flutter By, Butterfly (Soul Note, 1988)
Music for Large and Small Ensembles (ECM, 1990)
Kayak (Ah Um, 1992)
Dream Sequence (Psi, 2003)
Dream Sequence (Psi, 2003)
The Long Waiting (CAM Jazz, 2012)
Six for Six (CAM Jazz, 2013)
Songs for Quintet (ECM, 2015)
With others
Neil Ardley, Kaleidoscope of Rainbows (Gull, 1976)
Neil Ardley, Mike Taylor Remembered (Trunk, 2007)
Julian Arguelles, As Above So Below (Provocateur, 2003)
Alan Barnes, The Sherlock Holmes Suite (Rough Trade, 2003)
Belle and Sebastian, Dear Catastrophe Waitress (Rough Trade, 2003)
Belle and Sebastian, I'm a Cuckoo (Rough Trade, 2004)
Richard Rodney Bennett, Way Ahead of the Game/Lyrics of Johnny Mercer (Black Box 2003)
Matt Bianco, Matt Bianco (WEA, 1986)
Matt Bianco, Samba in Your Casa (EastWest, 1991)
Chris Botti, When I Fall in Love (Columbia, 2004)
Gavin Bryars, After the Requiem (ECM, 1991)
Cerrone, Cerrone IV (Malligator, 1978)
Cerrone, Love Ritual: Glamorous Lounge Selection (Malligator, 2008)
Karen Cheryl, Karen Cheryl (Ibach, 1978)
Paul Clarvis, Stan Sulzmann, Tony Hymas, For All the Saints (Village Life, 1997)
Rosemary Clooney, Nice to Be Around (United Artists, 1977)
Graham Collier, Down Another Road (Fontana, 1969)
Dominique Dalcan, Ostinato (Island, 1998)
Jacqui Dankworth, First Cry
John Dankworth, Full Circle (Philips, 1972)
John Dankworth, Lifeline (Philips, 1973)
Delegation, Eau De Vie (Arabella, 1979)
Delegation, Delegation (Ariola, 1981)
Design, Time Out (GBW, 2003)
Gil Evans, The British Orchestra (Mole Jazz, 1983)
Georgie Fame, Seventh Son (CBS, 1969)
Martyn Ford, Smoovin (Vertigo, 1976)
Mo Foster, Southern Reunion (In-Akustik, 1991)
Stan Getz & Francy Boland/Kenny Clarke, Change of Scenes (Verve, 1998)
God Help the Girl, God Help the Girl (Matador, 2009)
Gordon Giltrap, Perilous Journey (Electric Record Co., 1977)
Christopher Gunning, Agatha Christie's Poirot (Virgin, 1992)
Christopher Gunning, Wild Africa (BBC, 2001)
Engelbert Humperdinck, A Lovely Way to Spend an Evening (High Grade, 1987)
Nikki Iles, Veils (Symbol, 2003)
Grace Jones, Slave to the Rhythm (Island, 1985)
Grace Jones, Private Life (Island, 1998)
Tom Jones, At This Moment (Jive 1989)
Grace Kennedy, Desire (DJM, 1979)
Tony Kinsey, Jazz Scenes (Chappell 1993)
Volker Kriegel, Lift! (MPS, 1973)
London Symphony Orchestra, Classic Rock The Living Years (CBS, 1989)
The Manhattan Transfer, Live (Atlantic, 1978)
Tina May, A Wing and a Prayer (33 Jazz 2006)
Paul McCartney, Give My Regards to Broad Street (Parlophone 1984)
Memphis Slim, Blue Memphis (Warner Bros., 1970)
Mezzoforte, Forward Motion (BHM, 2004)
Dominic Miller, November (Q-Rious, 2010)
Joni Mitchell, Both Sides Now (Reprise, 2000)
Van Morrison, Avalon Sunset (Polydor, 1989)
The Movies, Double (AGTO 1977)
Jim Mullen, Smokescreen (Diving Duck, 2006)
Jimmy Nail, Crocodile Shoes II (EastWest, 1996)
National Youth Jazz Orchestra, National Youth Jazz Orchestra (Philips, 1971)
Liam Noble, In the Meantime (Basho,)
Barbara Pennington, Out of the Darkest Night (Record Shack, 1985)
John Parricelli, Sixties Groove Jazz (West One Music 2008)
Ph.D., Ph.D. (WEA, 1981)
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Passing Open Windows (Sony, 1996)
Gwilym Simcock, Perception (Basho, 2007)
Skank, Velocia (Sony, 2014)
Spirogyra, Bells Boots and Shambles (Brain/Metronome 1973)
John Surman, Tales of the Algonquin (Deram, 1971)
John Taylor, Pause and Think Again (Turtle, 1971)
John Taylor, Piano Expressions (KPM Music, 1991)
Clark Terry, Clark After Dark Terry (MPS, 1978)
Evelyn Thomas, Have a Little Faith in Me (AVI, 1979)
Evelyn Thomas, Standing at the Crossroads (Record Shack, 1986)
Piet Veerman, Back to You (Trent 1980)
Wet Wet Wet, 10 (Mercury 1997)
Jaki Whitren, Raw But Tender (Epic, 1973)
Andy Williams, Close Enough for Love (Atco, 1986)
Robbie Williams, Swing When You're Winning (Chrysalis, 2001)
Phil Woods, I Remember (Gryphon 1979)
Phil Woods, Floresta Canto (BMG/RCA 2006)
Momoe Yamaguchi, Golden Flight (CBS/Sony, 1977)
References
Other sources
Mark Gilbert, "Stan Sulzmann". Grove Jazz online.
1948 births
Living people
English jazz saxophonists
British male saxophonists
Musicians from London
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
21st-century saxophonists
21st-century British male musicians
British male jazz musicians
Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band members
European Jazz Ensemble members
FMR Records artists |
42139723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Holub | Mark Holub | Mark Holub is an American drummer and composer who was born in New Jersey, lived for many years in London, UK and is now based in Vienna, Austria. He is most well known as the bandleader for Led Bib, award-winning and Mercury Prize nominated jazz/rock quintet. He also plays regularly with other bands including Blueblut, a trio with Pamelia Kurstin - theremin and Chris Janka - guitar, 'The Quartet' with Wang Chung front man Jack Hues, and he plays free improv with various collections of players including a number of releases in duo with sax player Colin Webster.
He recently released the sixth and seventh albums by Led Bib on Cuneiform Records, The People in Your Neighbourhood and The Good Egg.
In June 2015, Holub collaborated with modular synthesist James Holden and guitarist Marcus Hamblett. The project was recorded at Maida Vale Studios for BBC Radio 3's Late Junction.
References
External links
Living people
American jazz musicians
American jazz composers
American expatriates in Austria
1981 births
American male jazz composers |
2366550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naivaadhoo%20%28Haa%20Dhaalu%20Atoll%29 | Naivaadhoo (Haa Dhaalu Atoll) | Naivaadhoo(Dhivehi: ނައިވާދޫ) is one of the inhabited islands of Haa Dhaalu Atoll administrative division and geographically part of Thiladhummathi Atoll in the north of the Maldives.
Ras Thun'di
Ras Thun'di is a picnic ground located in Naivaadhoo.
Hours of Operation : 24hrs
Capacity :75 people and more.
Tables : Yes
Cooking and Grill : Shelter for cooking and 2 grills for barbecue.
View : Beautiful view of beach, big enough for play picnic games.
Geography
The island is north of the country's capital, Malé.
Demography
Other government buildings in Naivaadhoo
Naivaadhoo council edhaaraa
Naivaadhoo Magistrate Court
Mosque
Naivaadhoo Health Post
Naivaadhoo School
Clubs and NGOs in Naivaadhoo
There are four clubs and two NGOs operating in Naivaadhoo. They are:
Trainers Sports Club
Naivaadhoo Zuvaanunge jamiyya
Naivaadhoo Isdharivaruoge jamiyya
Holhuashi in Naivaadhoo
Holhuashi are social meeting places.
Umarumaizaan
Ban'dharu hiyaa
Mdp holhu ashi
References
External links
Naivaadhoo Twitter page
Naivaadhoo Facebook page
Naivaadhoo Website
Islands of the Maldives |
9609154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumfordgunj | Mumfordgunj | Mumfordgunj or Mumfordganj, built in late 1930s, is a neighborhood in Allahabad, India. There are MIG and HIG colonies in this locality. It also has a municipality school.
References
Neighbourhoods in Allahabad |
20236135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9%20Dulait | André Dulait | André Dulait (14 November 1937 – 18 January 2020) was a French politician and a member of the Senate of France. He represented the Deux-Sèvres department and was a member of the Union for a Popular Movement Party.
References
Page on the Senate website
1937 births
2020 deaths
French Senators of the Fifth Republic
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Senators of Deux-Sèvres |
58874634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perunggit | Perunggit | Tuanku Panglima Perunggit, also titled Kejuruan Padang, was the second ruler (1641–1700) of the Sultanate of Deli (now in North Sumatra, Indonesia). He continued the rule of his father Tuanku Panglima Gocah Pahlawan, who was the representative commander (wali negara) of the Aceh Sultanate to rule former area of the conquered Aru Kingdom. His mother's name was Putri Nang Bulan beru Surbakti, a sister of the Sunggal chieftain (Karo: raja urung), Datuk Itam Surbakti, one of the rulers of the Karo people in Deli Tua.
As the Aceh Sultanate's influence was then weakening in various regions of Sumatra, Perunggit took the opportunity to make Deli independent. He first gained support from the Dutch East India Company in Malacca, and in 1667 sent envoys directly to its headquarters in Batavia. In 1669, Perunggit announced that Deli was independent from Aceh's realm.
Perunggit was married to the sister of the Sukapiring chieftain. After he died, his rule was continued by his son, Tuanku Panglima Paderap.
See also
Sultanate of Deli
Sultanate of Serdang
References
Indonesian monarchs
1700 deaths
Malay people
Karo people |
48596791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design%20Museum%20Gent | Design Museum Gent | Design Museum Gent is the only museum in Belgium with an international design collection. The museum complex, situated in the heart of the tourist centre of Ghent, comprises an imposing 18th-century mansion and a modern wing. The museum possesses a comprehensive and trend-setting collection of Belgian design, supported by international top-class objects. Its collection includes everything from the Art Nouveau of Henry van de Velde to contemporary avant-garde design.
History
Design Museum Gent originates from a private initiative of a group of industrials and art lovers who united themselves in 1903 in the ‘Union des Arts Industriels et Décoratifs’ and created a ‘Musée des Modèles’. Initially, the collection consisted of some hundred fine examples of furniture, complemented by extensive subcollections of ceramics, copper and bronze, furniture fragments and a large textile collection. These models were housed in the Ghent municipal academy, situated in the Sint-Margrietstraat.
Owing to purchases in the various pavilions during the Ghent 1913 World Exhibition and further extension of the collection, a new accommodation became a necessity. In 1922 the museum moved to Hotel de Coninck on the Jan Breydelstraat, which the city of Ghent had bought a couple of years earlier. In 1951, under the leadership of a new director, Adelbert Van de Walle, three shows called the National Salons for Modern Social Furniture were organised. These took place in 1955, 1956, and 1957. They invited local manufacturers to exhibit their furniture showcased in rooms as fictitious domestic environments and to take orders placed by visitors, thus facilitating the distribution of modern, affordable design. By 1958, the financial burden had become too much for the Association of Industrial and Decorative Arts, and the city of Ghent took over the administration and management of the museum. Between 1958 and 1973, the museum was closed due to renovation works. Its reopening was followed by an expansion plan, ensuing in the inauguration of a new wing in 1992, which accommodates both a selection of the modern and contemporary design collection and temporary exhibitions. The new extension was designed by architect Willy Verstraete and was officially opened in May 1992. In the modern part of the building, a huge hydraulic lift in the central section can be used to make the floors adaptable. The current policy of the museum puts greater focus on Belgian design from 1970.
Collection
The museum collection has evolved from 17th and 18th century applied arts towards modern and contemporary design from 1860 till now. The objects prior to 1860 provide the historic basis on which modern and contemporary design are engrafted.
Design Museum Gent prefers to use a broad definition of design, based on a series of criteria that can - to a more or lesser degree - be found in a design product: contemporaneity, innovation, ergonomics, durability and aesthetic relevance. Both serial products and unique objects can comply with these requirements. Innovation can relate to form, function, material and production techniques. Purchases and exhibitions are focused on 20th century and contemporary creations.
Extension of the collection
The collection of Design Museum Gent took shape in three phases:
In a first phase, between 1903 and 1930, the museum possesses a collection and a corresponding library in view of a 'Musée des Modèles', paying close attention to a large variety of furniture types dating back to 1600 - 1800 and some particular subcollections such as Art Nouveau, Asian objects, textile and French Art Deco.
Between 1930 and 1974, the museum collection is barely extended, not in the least owing to its closure between 1958 and 1973.
The third and final phase between 1974 and 2013 is characterised by an impressive expansion of the international design collection with major purchases and donations. From 1977 onwards, the then museum curator (and later museum director) Lieven Daenens acquires significant Belgian Art Nouveau ensembles designed by Henry van de Velde, Victor Horta and Paul Hankar. In 1987, interior and furniture designer Pieter De Bruyne bequeaths his archives as a designer and lecturer, along with a comprehensive library and various furniture. In the same year, the passionate collector N.F. Havermans legates his rich collection of Art Nouveau and Art Deco glassware, ceramics and silver. Between 1980 and 2000, the collection is significantly expanded with national and international designers. The Italian radical design by the designer collectives Alchimia and Memphis (including Mendini, Branzi and Sottsass) constitutes a major extension of the museum collection. The appointment of Katrien Laporte (2013 -) as new museum director initiates a catching-up process with regard to the 1970 onwards collection of Belgian design.
Profile of the collection
In the period starting from 1975, the collection has been expanded to nearly 22,000 objects. The collection includes applied arts and design dating from 1450 to present, is regionally, nationally and internationally diversified and highly consistent. It is the only collection in Belgium to display an intelligible and coherent image of trend-setting design starting from Art Nouveau. Moreover, it includes several unique top-class objects of national and international design. The historic subcollection (1450-1900) stands out because of its broad range of 18th century furniture. The proto-design from 1860 onwards is the step-up towards the modern design collection, which is initiated by the impressive Art Nouveau collection and continues till today. The collection mainly includes Western European design, with a distinct presence of Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Scandinavia and Italy. The collection focuses especially on interior-oriented design from private residences and offices.
Proto-design
The museum possesses a small collection of objects designed by Christopher Dresser. The furniture of the Vienna furniture companies Thonet and Kohn are at the dawn of modern design as well.
Art Nouveau
Design Museum Gent is internationally praised for its excellent collection of Belgian Art Nouveau made by Paul Hankar, Gustave Serrurier-Bovy, Victor Horta, Henry van de Velde, Philippe Wolfers and Alfred William Finch. These Belgian designers are accompanied by foreign top designers such as Louis Majorelle, Emile Gallé, René Lalique, Daum, Richard Riemerschmid, Josef Hoffmann, Otto Wagner and Georg Jensen.
Art Deco
Next to French glassware by Daum, Lalique, Marcel Goupy, Maurice Marinot, Jean Sala, Charles Schneider, Gabriel Argy-Rousseau and copper vases by Jean Dunand and Claude Linossier, the museum also possesses ceramic vases of Llorens Artigas, Fernand Rumèbe and services by Jean Luc and Georg Jensen. Quite peculiar is the rich furniture collection conceived by the unsurpassed Ghent architect Albert Van huffel, designer of the renowned Koekelberg Basilica. The museum also hold his archives. Another remarkable collection item is the ‘Gioconda’ service designed by Philippe Wolfers in 1925 for the exhibition ‘Exposition des Arts Décoratifs et lndustriels’ in Paris. Services of the companies Wolfers and Delheid belong to the top-class of Belgian Art Deco silverware.
Modernism
The modernism of Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, Marcel Breuer, Christa Ehrlich, Poul Henningsen and Wilhelm Wagenfeld is diametrically opposed to the sumptuous Art Deco. The Flemish architect-designers Gaston Eysselinck and Huib Hoste are worthy companions among this select international party.
Organic Design
The collection also includes a fine selection of modern design dating from the period 1945 - 1965 with furniture of Belgian designers such as Willy Van der Meeren, Alfred Hendrickx, Emiel Veranneman, Pieter De Bruyne, Jules Wabbes and Christophe Gevers, of American designers Charles and Ray Eames and Florence Knoll and of the Scandinavian designers Arne Jacobsen, Hans Wegner, Verner Panton, Yrjö Kukkapuro and Kristian Vedel. The Netherlands and Scandinavia are well represented by glassware of the companies Royal Leerdam Crystal (Andries Dirk Copier), Orrefors (Sven Palmqvist), Venini and Iittala (Tapio Wirkkala). Henning Koppel (Georg Jensen), Carlo Scarpa (Cleto Munari) and Lino Sabattini (Christofle) put elegant silverware on the table. The Belgian headquarters of Tupperware Europe, with chief designers Bob Daenen and Vic Cautereels, are responsible for countless solid kitchen objects.
Anti-Design
The museum possesses an extensive ensemble of the Italian Anti-Design collectives Studio Alchimia and Memphis, represented by Ettore Sottsass, Alessandro Mendini, Michele de Lucchi, Matteo Thun, Marco Zanini and Nathalie Du Pasquier.
Postmodernism
The first postmodern piece of furniture, the 1975 Chantilly cupboard designed by Pieter De Bruyne, is an icon in the Belgian design collection. Reputed foreign designers such as Michael Graves, Bořek Šípek, Richard Meier, Hans Hollein and Aldo Rossi make the picture complete.
International design
Renowned designers such as Ron Arad, Toyo Ito, Hella Jongerius, Peter Opsvik, Barbara Nanning, Marc Newson, Philippe Starck, Marcel Wanders and Frantisek Vizner give an international allure to the collection.
Modern and contemporary Belgian design
Design Museum Gent boasts a range of more recent and contemporary Belgian designers such as Maarten Van Severen, Hans De Pelsmacker, Lachaert & d'Hanis, Marc Supply, Xavier Lust, Pol Quadens, Quinze & Milan, Fabiaan Van Severen, Weyers & Borms and Dirk Wynants.
Ceramics in the contemporary collection are by Piet Stockmans, Tjok Dessauvage, Arthur Vermeiren, Rik Vandewege and Ann Van Hoey. Glassware is coming from the ovens of the Antwerp collective L'Anverre and Carine Neutjens. Silverware is designed by Jean Lemmens and Siegfried De Buck, Nedda El-Asmar and David Huycke. Samsonite (designer Erik Sijmons), Hedgren and Kipling (designer Xavier Kegels) luggage is also included in the collection. Recent acquisitions of the younger Belgian generation, represented by Muller Van Severen, Maarten De Ceulaer and Ben Storms, cast a glance at the future.
References
External links
Museums in Ghent
Decorative arts
Design museums |
52429050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarasimha | Samarasimha | Samara-simha (IAST: Samarasiṃha, r. c. 1182–1204 CE) was an Indian king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty of Javalipura (present-day Jalore in Rajasthan). He ruled the area around Jalore as a Chaulukya feudatory.
Reign
Samarasimha succeeded his father Kirtipala on the Chahamana throne of Javalipura. He had two brothers named Lakhanapala and Abhayapala, and a sister named Rudala-devi. In his inscriptions, he is styled as "Maharaja Samarasimha-deva".
Samarasimha's 1182 CE Jalor stone inscription states that he "held in scorn" the nomadic tribes of Pilavahika (identified with modern Peelwa near Parbatsar). According to historian Dasharatha Sharma, this is a reference to his successful expeditions against the bandits of Pilavahika.
The 1182 CE inscription mentions that Samarasimha's maternal uncle Jojala was a Rajya-Chintaka during his reign. This suggests that Jojala looked after the administration of the kingdom.
Public works
The 1185 Jalor inscription from Samarasimha's reign records the construction of a temple called Kuvara-Vihara. The temple was originally built by the Chaulukya monarch Kumarapala in the Kanchanagiri fort of Javalipura, in 1221 VS (1164-65 CE). It was rebuilt by Bhandari Yashovira in 1242 VS (1285-86 CE), on Samarasimha's orders. The original temple structure had been burnt by the Shakambhari Chahamana invader Vigraharaja IV during his war against the Chaulukyas.
According to the Sundha Hill inscription, Samarasimha built extensive ramparts on the Kanakachala fort. G. H. Ojha identified Kanakachala with the fort of Jalor, same as Kanchanagiri fort mentioned in the 1185 CE inscription. According to D. R. Bhandarkar, Kanchanagiri or Kanakachala was the original name of the hill on which the fort was situated. Kirtipiala started the construction of a fort on this hill, and the work was completed by Samarasimha.
The Sundha Hill temple further states that the king established the town of Samarapura, after having weighed himself against gold. The identity of Samarapura is not known. Samarasimha's sister Rudaladevi also commissioned two Shiva temples.
Personal life
Samarasimha had at least two sons and a daughter. His daughter Lila-devi married the Chaulukya monarch Bhima II. This is attested by the 1206 Kadi inscription of Bhima II.
His two sons were Manavasimha and Udayasimha. The elder son Manavasimha was an ancestor of the founders of the Chauhan principalities of Chandravati and Abu. Udayasimha succeeded Samarasimha on the throne of Jalore.
References
Bibliography
Chahamanas of Jalor |
56981965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%202018%20Commonwealth%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20hammer%20throw | Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's hammer throw | The women's hammer throw at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, as part of the athletics programme, took place in the Carrara Stadium on 10 April 2018.
Julia Ratcliffe won New Zealand's first ever gold medal in the event with a throw of . The pre-event Commonwealth leader, Sophie Hitchon of England, exited the competition early with three foul throws.
Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Games records were as follows:
Schedule
The schedule was as follows:
All times are Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10)
Results
With eleven entrants, the event was held as a straight final.
Final
References
Women's hammer throw
2018 |
45644646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZS%20Associates | ZS Associates | ZS Associates is a management consulting and professional services firm focusing on consulting, software, and technology, headquartered in Evanston, Illinois that provides services for clients in healthcare, private equity, and technology. The firm was founded in 1983 by two professors at Northwestern University who developed sales force alignment models using the world’s first personal-computer-aided territory mapping system. ZS continues to offer sales force alignment service to this day, in addition to a range of professional services, many of which are supported by advanced analytics.
The firm employs more than 10,000 employees in 25 offices in North America, South America, Europe and Asia.
The company was chosen by Forbes magazine as one of America’s best management and consulting firms in 2019 and has been awarded for its company culture by Consulting magazine for several years in a row. The company has also been recognized by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation for earning 100 percent on their Annual Corporate Equality Index for LGBTQ workplace equality.
History
ZS Associates was founded by Andris Zoltners, Frederic Esser Nemmers Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management and Prabhakant (Prabha) Sinha, a former associate professor of marketing at the Kellogg School of Management. At Kellogg, Sinha and Zoltners developed a side business advising companies on sales and marketing, which evolved into ZS Associates.
In 1982, Zoltners and Sinha presented their sales force sizing and territory alignment models to their academic colleagues, demonstrating the world’s first personal-computer-aided territory mapping system. In 1983, Sinha joined Zoltners at Northwestern, and the pair founded ZS Associates in their off hours, offering companies increased sales force efficiency using their now-proven territory mapping software. In its first three years, ZS had helped eight of the 10 largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, including Pfizer, align territories and resize their sales forces. By that time, the 25-member team worked on 100 or more projects in a dozen countries—including the United States, Canada and many European countries.
In 1987, a large American company hired ZS to reorganize, redesign and reallocate their US-based sales force. In addition to deploying their sales territory alignment services, ZS also supported the company in change management, and built tools like incentive compensation programs to support the human resources of the company’s marketing and sales division.
Through the 1990s, ZS continued to develop its capabilities, adding data warehousing, market forecasting, market research and analytical services for their clients. The firm also broke into sales force incentive compensation program auditing, design and implementation during these years.
In 2002, ZS added a marketing research practice to the company that would soon expand and evolve into marketing services. 2004 saw Zoltners and Sinha win the Marketing Science Practice Prize from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) for their paper, Sales Territory Design: 30 Years of Modeling and Implementation, which explored the “[m]odels, systems, processes, and wisdom [that] have evolved over 1,500 project implementations for 500 companies with 500,000 sales territories.”
Organization
Research and Publishing
ZS regularly publishes original blogs, articles, infographics, whitepapers and video content to its website and in external publications including national media such as Forbes and trade magazines such as Pharmaceutical Executive, In Vivo and Medcity News. Topics range from airline revenue management and customer experience to drug pricing and pharma commercial models.
ZS employees have also written and published dozens of books on subjects including sales compensation and sales leadership.
Founders Zoltners and Sinha have written for Harvard Business Review on many occasions over the past decade, contributing more than 40 articles on a range of sales and marketing topics, with particular emphasis on healthcare marketing and healthcare analytics.
ZS employees have been quoted as experts in the field in The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Business Insider, NPR and many others.
Industries
ZS operates as a strategic, long-term advisor to its clients, basing its offerings on clients’ needs and challenges across the following industries:
Pharmaceuticals and Biotech
Medical Technology
Health Plans
Travel and Hospitality
Industrials and Business Services
High-Tech and Telecommunications
Financial Services
Private Equity
References
Companies based in Evanston, Illinois |
169596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leftfield | Leftfield | Leftfield are a British electronic music music duo formed in 1989 as the duo of Neil Barnes and Paul Daley (the latter formerly of the Rivals and A Man Called Adam). The duo was very influential in the evolution of electronic music in the 1990s, with Mixmag describing them as "the single most influential production team working in British dance music". As with many of their contemporaries, such as the Chemical Brothers and Fatboy Slim, Leftfield are notable for their use of guest vocalists in their works. Among those involved were Toni Halliday on "Original", Johnny Rotten on "Open Up", Djum Djum on "Afro-Left", and Earl 16 and Cheshire Cat on "Release the Pressure". The term progressive house was coined to define their style, a fusion of house with dub and reggae.
There was a hiatus in recording and live performances between 2002 and 2010, when Barnes revived Leftfield. Daley declined to be involved, in order to focus on his solo career. After touring for a few years, Barnes finished writing new material for a third Leftfield album, Alternative Light Source.
Formation
Neil Barnes' music career started off as a DJ at The Wag Club while simultaneously playing percussion on a session basis. In 1986, he joined the London School of Samba and played in the bateria in the 1986 Notting Hill Carnival. Around 1989, inspired by Afrika Bambaataa, Barnes decided to try his hand at electronic music production, the results of which were the tracks "Not Forgotten" and "More Than I Know", released on the Rhythm King label. For the remixes of these tracks, Barnes called upon Paul Daley, percussion player with A Man Called Adam and formerly a session musician for the Brand New Heavies and Primal Scream, appearing on their Dixie-Narco EP. Barnes and Daley had previously worked together as percussionists at The Sandals first club, Violets. Described by Barnes as "[t]he sound of 15 years of frustration coming out in one record", the piece was termed "Progressive House" by Mixmag and held significant prominence in nightclubs from 1991 onwards. As their mutual interest in electronic music became clear the pair decided that they would work instead upon Leftfield, once Barnes had extricated himself from his now troublesome contract with Rhythm King subsidiary, Outer Rhythm. The name Leftfield was originally used by Barnes for his first single, with editing/arranging and additional production undertaken by Daley. However, after this, Daley was subsequently involved in remixing "Not Forgotten" and thereafter in the creation of all of Leftfield's work until the band split up in 2002.
During this period, in which the band could not release their own music owing to the legal dispute with Rhythm King, the pair undertook remix work for React 2 Rhythm, I.C.P. (Ice Cool Productions), Supereal, Inner City, Sunscreem, Ultra Naté and provided two remixes to David Bowie's single "Jump They Say". Finally, once the problems with their former label had been sorted out, Leftfield were able to unveil their single "Release the Pressure".
Albums
Leftism
Leftfield's first major career break came with the single "Open Up", a collaboration with John Lydon (of Sex Pistols fame) that was soon followed by their debut album, Leftism in 1995, blending dub, breakbeat, and house. It was shortlisted for the 1995 Mercury Music Prize but lost out to Portishead's Dummy. In a 1998 Q magazine poll, readers voted it the eightieth greatest album of all time, while in 2000 Q placed it at number 34 in its list of the 100 Greatest British Albums Ever. The album was re-released in 2000 with a bonus disc of remixes, and again in 2017 as a remastered version with eleven completely new remixes.
Rhythm and Stealth
Their second album, Rhythm and Stealth (1999) maintained a similar style, and featured Roots Manuva, Afrika Bambaataa, and MC Cheshire Cat from Birmingham. The album was shortlisted for the Mercury Music Prize in 2000 but lost out to Badly Drawn Boy's The Hour of Bewilderbeast. It reached No. 1 in the UK Albums Chart. The album featured the song "Phat Planet" which featured on Guinness' 1999 advert, Surfer, and "6/8 War" featured on the Volkswagen Lupo Advert 'Demon Baby'. The track "Double Flash" featured in the PlayStation software game Music 2000.
Leftfield split in 2002, with both Barnes and Daley planning to work on separate solo projects.
Reformation and Alternative Light Source
Leftfield headlined Creamfields in Cheshire, England in August 2010, RockNess in Highland, Scotland in June 2010, and played the final set on the main stage at Ireland's three-day festival, Electric Picnic in September. Further headline festival shows were announced in the coming weeks. Leftfield is now represented by Neil Barnes on keyboards and drum programming, with a rotating group of vocalists, MC Cheshire Cat, Adam Wren on engineering and programming and Sebastian 'Bid' Beresford on drums. Founding member Paul Daley declined to rejoin, focusing on his solo DJ career.
On 25 March 2015, the new single, "Universal Everything", was premiered on Annie Mac's BBC Radio 1 show. Shortly afterwards the new album was announced via the Leftfield website and social networks, along with UK tour dates for June 2015.
Alternative Light Source, Leftfield's first album in 16 years, was released on 8 June 2015 on Infectious Records. On 1 June 2015 the album premiere was streamed live on Twitter, coupled with conversation via hashtag #leftfieldstream.
'Head and Shoulders' features Sleaford Mods on vocals, and its stop-motion and animation hybrid video debuted on Pitchfork on 6 August 2015.
Untitled Fourth Album
A new, as yet untitled album was declared finished by Barnes via twitter on the 4th of February 2022.
Commercial use of tracks
The song "Phat Planet" was used in the "Surfers" TV advertisement for Guinness, ranked number one in Channel 4's Top 100 Adverts list in 2000. "Phat Planet" was also used in the animated television series Beast Machines: Transformers, the simulation racing games F1 2000 by EA Sports and Racedriver GRID by Codemasters. In addition, their song "Release the Pressure" was used on advertisements for the O2 mobile phone network at its launch, and the Kerry Group's Cheestrings snack in 2006. "A Final Hit" was featured on the Trainspotting soundtrack; the b-side "Afro Ride" was also featured on the soundtracks to both wipE'out" and wipE'out" 2097 although it did not appear on the album of the first game.
A white label release called "Snakeblood" was featured on the soundtrack of The Beach (2000). The song was found to have sampled OMD's "Almost" without permission.
The song "Storm 3000" has been used as the theme tune for the BBC television programme Dragons' Den.
Live performances
In Leftfield's Amsterdam show, the Dutch police were close to arresting the venue sound engineers due to the sound system reaching illegal volumes. At the next concert, in Belgium, 30 people were given refunds after complaining that the sound level was too high, leading to a newspaper headline reading "LEFTFIELD TOO LOUD". In June 1996, while the group was playing at Brixton Academy, the sound system caused dust and plaster to fall from the ceiling; subsequently, the group was banned from ever returning to the venue. The ban however was taken by the band as a ban on the sound system and not themselves, which was confirmed when Leftfield returned to Brixton again on Saturday 20 May 2000.
In November and December 2010, Leftfield did a series of dates around the UK and Ireland. Friday 3 December's gig saw more plaster fall from Brixton Academy's ceiling.
Discography
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Live albums
Singles
Soundtracks and various compilations
From the Shallow Grave soundtrack
"Shallow Grave" (Featuring Christopher Eccleston)
"Release the Dubs"
From the Hackers soundtrack:
"Inspection (Check One)"
"Open Up" (featuring John Lydon)
From the wipE'out" soundtrack
"Afro Ride" (from the EP Afro-Left)
From 104.9 (An XFM Compilation)
"Praise"
From the Trainspotting soundtrack
"A Final Hit"
From the Trainspotting #2 soundtrack
"A Final Hit" (full-length version)
From the wipE'out" 2097
"Afro Ride" (from the EP Afro-Left)
From the Go soundtrack
"Swords" (featuring Nicole Willis) (Original Version)
From The Beach soundtrack
"Snakeblood"
From the Vanilla Sky soundtrack
"Afrika Shox"
From Beast Machines
"Phat Planet"
From Lara Croft: Tomb Raider
"Song of Life"
References
External links
Leftfield official website
Leftfield Facebook
Leftfield Twitter
Leftfield SoundCloud
Leftfield Spotify
Leftfield iTunes
Not Forgotten: unofficial website
English house music duos
Progressive house musicians
Musical groups from London
Musical groups established in 1989
1989 establishments in England
Rhythm King artists |
3105669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20M.%20Bernstein | Edward M. Bernstein | Edward M. Bernstein is a prominent Southern Nevada attorney, philanthropist, politician, and television talk show host.
History
Bernstein graduated from Long Island University in New York with his bachelor's degree in 1971. In 1975, he completed his J.D. degree from Widener University Law School.
Bernstein moved to Southern Nevada in 1976, where he took a job in Las Vegas as a public defender. He started his own private practice, Edward M. Bernstein & Associates, where he found most of his success. His law firm, started when Las Vegas was still a small gaming boomtown, and later represented many high-profile cases in Nevada, which brought about much of his regional fame. Bernstein used this fame to champion many causes including MADD (where he introduced the first Red-Ribbon Campaign which garnered national attention later) and the Anti-Defamation League, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, as well as the Clark County School District. He also has created the Bernstein Children's Rights Program at the immigration clinic at the UNLV Boyd Law School.
Bernstein has represented clients in major cases in Las Vegas as the MGM and Hilton Fires, the Pepcon explosion as well as the hepatitis outbreak at the Endoscopy Center of Southern Nevada. In the hepatitis case, Bernstein's firm obtained one of the highest verdicts in Nevada history of $104,000,000. He has also played an instrumental role in advocating funds and awareness for Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America, a charity that has a personal interest for him since his daughter was diagnosed with the disease. He has served as a judge pro tempore in Las Vegas and North Las Vegas as well as a state hearing officer for the Department of Administration. He has also served on various Nevada Supreme Court committees, U.S. District Court and Nevada State Bar Committees. Bernstein was also a member of the Nevada Psychology Board.
In 2000, Bernstein ran an unsuccessful campaign against John Ensign (R-NV) as the Democratic candidate for the United States Senate, to replace long time outgoing Senator Richard Bryan (D-NV).
The Ed Bernstein Show
Even with a busy law practice, Ed Bernstein hosts the state of Nevada's longest-running television show, 33 years. The Ed Bernstein Show is a talk show that has featured such noteworthy guests as former President Bill Clinton, former Vice President Al Gore, former boxing great George Foreman, actor Anthony Hopkins, CNN correspondent Wolf Blitzer, as well as a bevy of entertainers such as Kelsey Grammer, Dan Aykroyd, Robert Urich, Regis Philbin, Leslie Nielsen, and many more.
He shares his name with the main character in R.J Ellory's 'City of Lies' novel.
Admitted to practice
State
New Jersey Supreme Court
Nevada Gaming Commission
Supreme Court of Nevada
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Federal
United States District Court for the District of Nevada
United States District Court for the District of Pennsylvania
United States District Court for the District of New Jersey
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Supreme Court of the United States
Honors and awards
Community Heroes Award – National Conference of Christians and Jews
Mothers Against Drunk Driving Award
Professionalism Award – Clark County Bar Association
Citizens Committee on Victims' Rights Award
The American Muslim Women of Nevada Community Service Award
The Executive of the Year – Professional Secretaries International
Distinguished Men in Southern Nevada
Community Achievement – Women's American ORT
Outstanding Young Men of America
External links
Official Website of Ed Bernstein
The Ed Bernstein Show
People from the Las Vegas Valley
Nevada Democrats
Long Island University alumni
Widener University alumni
Living people
Candidates in the 2000 United States elections
Year of birth missing (living people) |
24721203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inulanthera | Inulanthera | Inulanthera is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, native to Madagascar and southern Africa.
Species
References
Asteraceae genera
Anthemideae
Flora of Africa |
60792834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLaren%20GT | McLaren GT | The McLaren GT is a sports car designed and manufactured by British automobile manufacturer McLaren Automotive. It is the company's first dedicated grand tourer and is based on the same platform underpinning the 720S with the addition of a carbon fibre rear deck to house a glazed tailgate creating significantly greater storage capacity.
The GT was first announced at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show, but full details of the car were not released until May 15th of the same year.
Specifications
Engine
The GT features a new variation of the twin-turbocharged M840T V8 engine found in the 720S. Having a new dedicated codename of M840TE, the new engine has smaller turbochargers that deliver lower peak performance than its Super Series variant but greater low RPM-performance and responsiveness. The GT has a rated power output of at 7,000 rpm, and the maximum torque is at 5,500 rpm.
Suspension
The suspension system in the GT is also derived from the system in the 720S. The car utilises double wishbones at the front and rear axles, and a modified version of the ProActive Chassis Control II active damping system called Proactive Damping Control.
Performance
The company claims that the GT has a top speed of , it can accelerate from in 3.1 seconds, and in 9 seconds.
Interior
The McLaren GT features 150 litres of storage space at the front and 420 litres in the rear, accommodating a full-sized set of golf clubs.
Nappa leather is standard upholstery, but drivers can also choose from a softer hide made by Bridge of Weir Leather in Scotland or in the future, cashmere. The new comfort seats have increased shoulder padding and back support, with electrical adjustment and heating as standard on Pioneer and Luxe models. A 7 inch touchscreen mounted in the centre controls a revamped infotainment system and is supplemented by a 12.3 inch driver information display which changes in layout depending on whether Comfort, Sport or Track mode is selected.
Gallery
References
External links
Official product page
GT
Cars introduced in 2019
Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Sports cars
2020s cars |
42399116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phtheochroa%20canariana | Phtheochroa canariana | Phtheochroa canariana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae first described by William Barnes and August Busck in 1920. It is found in the United States, where it has been recorded from Arizona.
Taxonomy
It is often listed as a synonym of Phtheochroa fulviplicana.
References
Moths described in 1920
Phtheochroa |
21137045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iztok%20Puc | Iztok Puc | Iztok Puc (14 September 1966 – 20 October 2011) was a Croatian-Slovenian handball player, who was one of the world's top players of the 1980s and 1990s. During his career he played professionally for Borac Banja Luka, Zagreb, Celje and Prule 67. He won a total of 18 domestic trophies. He has won the elite EHF Champions League in 1992 and 1993, both times with Zagreb. He is one of very few handball players who represented three different countries at the Summer Olympics (Yugoslavia, Croatia and Slovenia), winning bronze with Yugoslavia in 1988 and gold with Croatia in 1996. In 2009, he was named the best overall player in the history of Slovenian handball. After his death an award named in his honour was introduced and is awarded annually to the most promising young handball players in Slovenia and Croatia, given alternately one year to Slovenian and another year to Croatian player.
Early life
Puc was born in Slovenj Gradec, SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia on 14 September 1966. During his youth he lived in Šoštanj with his mother and without his father, whom he met for the first time at the age of 25. In elementary school a gym teacher named Miro Požun, who was aware of the situation at Puc's home, took young Puc under his wing and became his mentor. Požun, who eventually became one of the best coaches in history of Slovenian handball, was the first who noticed the enormous talent that Puc had and eventually introduced him to the local handball club RK Šoštanj, which he also coached. There Puc became the most promising young player of Yugoslav handball.
Club career
Puc was first noticed by RK Borac in 1983 when their goalkeeper, Yugoslav international Zlatan Arnautović, spotted him and reported his findings to the club officials. He was then tracked by the club and their scouting service and a few years later the young promising player was given an offer to join their club. Abas Arslanagić, the coach of Borac, which was one of the top Yugoslav clubs at the time, wanted the young teenager to join his team immediately, however, Puc was persuaded by Miro Požun to finish high school first and complete at least some form of education. Puc listened to his mentor, finished high school one year later and finally joined Borac in 1985 where he signed his first professional contract. Upon his arrival in Banja Luka, he immediately became the best player of the team and the best goalscorer of the entire league. Although he never won any major domestic honours with Borac, he is considered as one of the best players in the club's history.
He later played for RK Zagreb from Croatia, and Celje and Prule 67 from Slovenia. During his career he won a total of 18 domestic trophies and was a member of the Zagreb squad which won the elite EHF Champions League in 1992 and 1993. He is most remembered for the game-winning goal in the 1993 Champions League final where he scored in the final seconds of the game. He has also won three Croatian league and three Croatian cup titles. His longest spell was with Celje, where he played for five years during which time he won five Slovenian league and five Slovenian cup titles and played in the EHF Champions League semi-final three times in a row. Miro Požun was the head coach of Celje during the 1994–95 season with whom Puc won his first Slovenian league and cup title. He made a total of 136 appearances for Celje, scoring 630 goals in the process. Puc last played for Prule 67 where he won both domestic titles, league and cup, in the 2001–02 season and appeared in another Champions league semi-final one year later.
International career
His first taste of international success came at the 1987 Junior World Championship when Yugoslavia won gold, and Puc was noticed as the most prominent player of the winning team. Puc also captained his side during that tournament. One year later he won a bronze medal with the Yugoslav senior team at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. He played his last game for Yugoslavia at the 1990 World Championship where his team finished fourth. With 97 appearances, he is the third most capped Slovenian player in history of the Yugoslav national team.
Following his move to RK Zagreb in 1990 and the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, Puc became a Croatian citizen and played for the Croatian team with whom he won a gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He won two other medals in major tournaments with Croatia, a bronze medal at the 1994 European Championship and a silver medal at the 1995 World Championship.
In 1995 he was awarded the Order of Danica Hrvatska, and in 1996 he was the recipient of the Franjo Bučar Award.
In the late 1990s he switched his national side allegiance in favour of Slovenia, the country of his birth. He then played for the Slovenian team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where the team finished eighth. Slovenia qualified for the Sydney tournament after finishing fifth at the 2000 European Championship. The fifth place play-off match was played in Zagreb against host nation Croatia, Puc's former team. Puc was one of the best players of the game and Slovenia won the match 25–24, thus securing the last available spot for the 2000 Olympics. He played 34 games for Slovenia, during which he scored 120 goals.
Retirement
After his retirement at Prule 67 he assumed the role of sports director at the club. Soon afterwards he moved to Florida together with his wife Jasenka, who is the daughter of the Croatian handball player and 1972 Olympic gold medalist Hrvoje Horvat, in support of their son Borut's tennis career. He and his wife sold all of their family possessions and enrolled their son to the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy. At the time of his father's death, Borut Puc was ranked 502nd on the ATP list with Goran Ivanišević as his tennis coach. Similar to his father, he also represented both Slovenia and Croatia. He started his career representing Slovenia and did so until the late 2000s (decade) when he changed his allegiance to Croatia.
Illness and death
In early 2011, Puc was diagnosed with lung cancer that spread to his liver and bones, and succumbed to the disease on 19 October 2011 in a San Diego hospital, just a few days before the Champions League game between Zagreb and Barcelona, with the revenue of the match intended to be donated to help cover the costs for his treatment. On 5 November 2011, a Handball Day was held in Celje, Slovenia, where two matches were played. In the first one, the 2000 Olympics Slovenian squad beat the Croatian squad composed of players who won the 1996 Olympic gold medal 29–25, while in the second match the regular squad of Slovenia beat the squad of Celje 35–32. This event was organized prior to Puc's death and matches would have been played even if he would still had been alive, as the main purpose was to gather donations for Puc and his family as financial aid for his treatment. Organizers collected around 17,000 euros and the revenue was bestowed on Puc's family. At the end of the match, which was seen by 4,000 spectators, the arena was completely dimmed. He is survived by his wife Jasenka and son Borut, a tennis player who resides in Florida, where the family moved to in 2005.
Legacy
Despite being known for his relaxed approach to training, Puc was described as a fiercely competitive and mentally tough player. At the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the Handball Federation of Slovenia in 2009, Puc was named the best left back and the best overall player in the history of Slovenian handball. Three days after his death, his former club RK Zagreb hosted Barcelona in an EHF Champions League match at Arena Zagreb. A clip of his match-winning goal for Zagreb in the 1993 EHF Champions League final was shown and 15,000 people joined in a minute-long standing ovation in his memory. In 2011 the Slovenian Olympic Committee together with the Croatian Olympic Committee and in collaboration with the Handball Federation of Slovenia and Croatian Handball Federation, introduced a joint award named in honour of Puc (Iztok Puc Award) that is awarded annually to the most promising U–18 handball player. The award is alternating between the two nations every year and is given alternately one year to Slovenian and another year to Croatian player.
Honours
Zagreb
Yugoslav First League (1): 1991
Yugoslav Cup (1): 1991
Croatian First League (4): 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94
Croatian Cup (3): 1992, 1993, 1994
EHF Champions League (2): 1992, 1993
European Supercup (1): 1993
Celje
Slovenian First League (5): 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99
Slovenian Cup (5): 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999
Prule 67
Slovenian First League (1): 2001-02
Slovenian Cup (1): 2002
Individual
MVP at IHF Men's Junior World Championship – 1987
Franjo Bučar State Award for Sport – 1996
Best player in history of Slovenia – 2009
Slovenian Athletes Hall of Fame – 2016
Records
14th top scorer of Croatia – 325 goals
Orders
Order of Danica Hrvatska with face of Franjo Bučar – 1995
References
External links
1966 births
2011 deaths
Croatian male handball players
Croatian people of Slovenian descent
Slovenian male handball players
Olympic handball players of Croatia
Olympic handball players of Slovenia
Handball players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Croatia
Olympic medalists in handball
RK Zagreb players
Olympic handball players of Yugoslavia
Yugoslav male handball players
Olympic bronze medalists for Yugoslavia
Franjo Bučar Award winners
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in Florida
Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery
Sportspeople from Slovenj Gradec
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Croatia
Competitors at the 1993 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in handball |
68413740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20Greece%20wildfires | 2021 Greece wildfires | The 2021 Greece wildfires are multiple wildfires burning in Greece since early August 2021, which have killed 3 people, injured at least 20 others and burned dozens of homes, after a historic heatwave for the country with the highest temperatures, reaching . Authorities have evacuated several villages and towns. According to BBC News, Greece is experiencing the worst heatwave since 1987. These fires are the worst fires in Greece since the 2007 Greek forest fires which burnt more than double the area (270,000 hectares) of the 2021 fires (125,000 hectares).
The largest wildfires are in Attica, Olympia, Messenia, and the most destructive in northern Euboea from which ferries have evacuated about 2000 people. 125,000 hectares of forest and arable land has been burnt so far (the worst fire season since 2007), with over 50,000 hectares burnt in northern Euboea alone. The World Meteorological Organization connected the fires with the regional heatwave and wildfire season made worse by climate change.
A fire had also broken out in the island of Rhodes a few days before the mass outbreak and resulted in a mass evacuation as well as leaving many people without power or water. Although many farms were destroyed, there were no casualties or burned homes. Several wildfires were also reported in multiple parts of the island of Crete.
Investigation of causes
As of the 8th August, 5 people have been arrested for arson in the respective areas of Perama, Kalamata, Messenia, Petroupoli and Philopappou. On the 9th August, the prosecutor of Greece's Supreme Court, Vassilios I. Pliotas, called for an investigation into a possible organized arson plot on the part of a “deliberate organized criminal activity” that may have been behind the fires which torched several regions of Greece.
As of the 9th of August, police has arrested 19 people in different places in Greece for attempted arson.
As of the 10th of August, 3 suspected arsonists have been remanded in custody: two Greek men, one for an arson at Petroupoli and the other for an arson at Kryoneri and an Afghan woman for an arson at the Pedion tou Areos. As of the 12th of August, the number of arrests made by Hellenic Police for arson and negligence causing these wildfires had increased to 118. Minister Michalis Chrisochoidis said the special prosecutor was “already cooperating closely and regularly” with the fire department and the police “for the in-depth investigation of the causes of all the large fires which have broken out this year.” Commenting on another fire that had started south of Athens, the minister added, “And all this because, according to witnesses, the fire was due to the use of a flare by one or more” people.
In mid August, a 14 year old boy was arrested by police after they had tracked his movements through video footage. He confessed to police of starting 9 devastating fires in the Phthiotis region, however police suspect him of starting a total of 14. He travelled from location to location starting these fires on his bicycle from the 5th August to the 17th August.
In 2007, the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report said that "Warmer, drier conditions will lead to more frequent and prolonged droughts, as well as to a longer fire season and increased fire risk, particularly in the Mediterranean region." The fires were some of several extreme weather events around the world in 2021.
Reactions
The Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis lamented the situation, underlining that Greece's priority is that of saving lives and attributed the fires to the climate change. Mitsotakis also apologized on Monday, 9 August, “for any weaknesses” in containing the massive wildfires that have destroyed swathes of forest land and forced hundreds of people to evacuate numerous settlements over the past week.
The Deputy Minister of Civil Protection, Nikos Hardalias, stated: “The resignations of all the government officials are in the Prime Minister's drawer. Mine is at the very top of the drawer. [...] The state apparatus did what was humanly possible. But, of course, we are not satisfied with such a catastrophe. The Prime Minister is shocked. We all need to apologize to the people who lost their lives and we will evaluate if we could have done something different.”
The World Meteorological Organization highlighted the Greek wildfires in its press release response to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report Working Group I report, noting the wildfires as an example of the extreme weather being caused by climate change.
International assistance
The following countries offered assistance:
– 4 helicopters
– 35 firefighters and 11 vehicles
– 1 aircraft
– 40 firefighters and 2 aircraft
– 34 firefighters and 13 vehicles
– 3 airplanes
– 243 firefighters, 59 vehicles and 3 airplanes
– 216 firefighters and 44 vehicles
– 16 firefighters and 3 airplanes
– 45 firefighters, 6 trucks and firefighting equipment
– 25 firefighters and 4 vehicles
– 286 firefighters and 46 trucks
– 66 firefighters, 3 vehicles and 1 Search and Rescue team
– 254 firefighters and 23 trucks
– 2 aircraft and 2 helicopters
– 37 firefighters, 14 members of the Helicopter Unit, 3 helicopters and 13 vehicles
– 75 firefighters and 30 vehicles
– 2 aircraft
– 2 airplanes
– 3 helicopters
– 2 airplanes (EU airplanes originally sent to Turkey)
– 100 firefighters
– 1 group of firefighters and firefighting equipment
– 21 firefighters
– 1 airplane
The following International Organizations offered assistance:
– 1 person at the headquarters of the General Secretariat for Civil Protection
– 20 helicopters
See also
List of Wildfires
2007 Greek forest fires
2009 Greek forest fires
2009 Mediterranean wildfires
2012 Chios Forest Fire
2018 Attica wildfires
2021 Turkish wildfires
References
2021 fires in Europe
Wildfires
2021 wildfires
August 2021 events in Europe
2021 wildfires
Wildfires in Greece
2021 disasters in Europe |
19318751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling%20at%20the%201980%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20freestyle%2082%20kg | Wrestling at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 82 kg | The Men's Freestyle 82 kg at the 1980 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Athletics Fieldhouse, Central Sports Club of the Army.
Medalists
Tournament results
The competition used a form of negative points tournament, with negative points given for any result short of a fall. Accumulation of 6 negative points eliminated the loser wrestler. When only three wrestlers remain, a special final round is used to determine the order of the medals.
Legend
TF — Won by Fall
IN — Won by Opponent Injury
DQ — Won by Passivity
D1 — Won by Passivity, the winner is passive too
D2 — Both wrestlers lost by Passivity
FF — Won by Forfeit
DNA — Did not appear
TPP — Total penalty points
MPP — Match penalty points
Penalties
0 — Won by Fall, Technical Superiority, Passivity, Injury and Forfeit
0.5 — Won by Points, 8-11 points difference
1 — Won by Points, 1-7 points difference
2 — Won by Passivity, the winner is passive too
3 — Lost by Points, 1-7 points difference
3.5 — Lost by Points, 8-11 points difference
4 — Lost by Fall, Technical Superiority, Passivity, Injury and Forfeit
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Final
Results from the preliminary round are carried forward into the final (shown in yellow).
Final standings
References
External links
Official Report
Freestyle 82kg |
50120703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dhei%20Shibata | Kyōhei Shibata | is a Japanese actor and singer. Shibata made his television debut in 1977 with "Daitokai Part II as a guest. In 1978, Shibata made his first regular appearance in the police drama Daitsuiseki. Following year, he played a leading role for the first time in TV drama series Akai Arashi on TBS. In 1980, he won his first major award at the Elan d'or Awards for his role in Oretachi wa Tenshi da! . Shibata won great popularity through his role in Abunai Deka series.
Filmography
Television
"Daitokai PartII (1977) (Guest ep.15)Taiyō ni Hoero! (1978), Tetsuo Tanimura (Guest ep.284)Daitsuiseki (1978), Detective Minoru TakimotoAkai Arashi (1979)Oretachi wa Tenshi da! (1979) Aoi Zesshō (1980–81), Tetsuo SuzukiOmoide Zukuri (1981), Norio NemotoPro Hunter (1981), GotoSanga Moyu (1984)Abunai Deka (1986–87), Yūji ŌshitaMotto Abunai Deka (1988–89), Yūji ŌshitaTakeda Shingen (1988), Uesugi KenshinHagetaka (2007), Takeo ShibanoGunshi Kanbei (2014), Kuroda MototakaThe Hippocratic Oath (2016), Tōjirō MitsuzakiBones of Steel (2020), Manzō Mitsuhashi
FilmChi-n-pi-ra (1984), YōichiAbunai Deka (1987), Yūji ŌshitaMata Mata Abunai Deka (1988), Yūji ŌshitaMottomo Abunai Deka (1989), Yūji ŌshitaFukuzawa Yukichi (1991), Fukuzawa YukichiBloom in the Moonlight (1993), Kōda RohanAbunai Deka Returns (1996), Yūji ŌshitaAbunai Deka Forever: The Movie (1998), Yūji Ōshita69 (2004), Ken's fatherHalf a Confession (2004), Detective Kazumasa ShikiMada Mada Abunai Deka (2005), Yūji ŌshitaHagetaka: The Movie (2009), Takeo ShibanoSaraba Abunai Deka (2016), Yūji ŌshitaThe Confidence Man JP: Episode of the Princess (2020)
DubbingBalto, BaltoMad Max 2'' (1984 Fuji TV edition), "Mad" Max Rockatansky (Mel Gibson)
Awards
References
External links
1951 births
Japanese male voice actors
Japanese male singers
Living people
Musicians from Shizuoka Prefecture
Male voice actors from Shizuoka Prefecture
Nihon University alumni |
10447623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lishan | Lishan | Lishan may refer to:
Lishán Didán, modern Jewish Aramaic language
People's Republic of China
Lishan District (立山区), Anshan, Liaoning
Mount Li (骊山), near Xi'an
Lishan, Sui County (), town in Sui County, Suizhou, Hubei
Lishan, Hunan (栗山镇), town in Xiangxiang
Lishan, Shanxi (历山镇), town in Yuanqu County
Lishan, Zhejiang (里山镇), town in Fuyang, Zhejiang
Lishan, Meichuan, Wuxue, Huanggang, Hubei
Iran
Lishan, Iran, village in Mazandaran Province
Taiwan
Lishan (梨山), a village in Heping District, Taichung, included in the Tri-Mountain National Scenic Area. |
15052121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bookkeeper%27s%20Wife | The Bookkeeper's Wife | The Bookkeeper's Wife is a short story by Willa Cather. It was first published in Century in May 1916.
Plot summary
Percy Bixby, a bookkeeper, steals money from his company to pretend he earns $50 a week and seduce Stella Brown. Once, he visits her and they talk about their honeymoon; she seems pleased. She will marry him instead of Charles Gaygreen, who is wealthier.
Later, the new boss at his company notices Percy doesn't take holidays, and shies away from him. Percy ends up admitting he stole money before getting married. Back home, his wife wants to go to the theatre and he explains what has happened. She says she will take up work in Charles Greengay's company and stay with the Burks. Finally, Percy has moved into a boarding house and tells his boss he can pay him less for the debt to be paid back more quickly, as he doesn't need as much money any more.
Characters
Percy Bixby, a bookkeeper.
Stella Brown
Mrs Brown, Stella's mother.
Charles Greengay, a businessman.
Oliver Remsey, Junior, Percy's new boss.
Mrs Remsey, Oliver Remsey Junior's mother.
Mr Melton, a lawyer.
The Burks, friends of Stella's.
Major themes
Marriage
References to other works
Percy is said to be reading James Bryce's The American Commonwealth.
Literary significance and criticism
It has been noted that the story was influenced by John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress.
The story has been singled out for portraying a "new woman", that is one who is financially independent.
Other critics have dismissed it as it was only written by Cather to earn money.
References
External links
Full Text at the Willa Cather Archive
1916 short stories
Short stories by Willa Cather
Works originally published in The Century Magazine |
69668116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toon%20Vandebosch | Toon Vandebosch | Toon Vandebosch (born 19 June 1999) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Cyclo-cross team .
Major results
2015–2016
Junior Soudal Classics
1st Jaarmarktcross
2nd Leuven
2nd Junior Zilvermeercross
3rd National Junior Championships
Junior Superprestige
3rd Middelkerke
Junior BPost Bank Trophy
3rd Grand Prix Rouwmoer
3rd Junior Sluitingsprijs
3rd Junior Boom
3rd Junior Neerpelt
2016–2017
1st National Junior Championships
1st Overall UCI Junior World Cup
2nd Heusden-Zolder
2nd Zeven
3rd Fiuggi
Junior DVV Trophy
1st Azencross
2nd Ronse
3rd Krawatencross
Junior Brico Cross
1st Geraardsbergen
2nd Overall Junior Superprestige
1st Ruddervoorde
1st Spa-Francorchamps
1st Gavere
2nd Diegem
2nd Gieten
3rd Middelkerke
3rd Junior Sluitingsprijs
2017–2018
2nd National Under-23 Championships
Under-23 Superprestige
2nd Zonhoven
3rd Ruddervoorde
2018–2019
Under-23 Brico Cross
1st Rapencross
Under-23 DVV Trophy
2nd Brussels
2019–2020
1st National Under-23 Championships
4th UEC European Under-23 Championships
2020–2021
5th UCI World Under-23 Championships
References
External links
Toon Vandebosch at Cyclocross 24
1999 births
Living people
Belgian male cyclists
Cyclo-cross cyclists
People from Lier, Belgium |
35322699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Culliford%20%28MP%29 | Robert Culliford (MP) | Robert Culliford (22 February 1617 – 1698) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1679.
Culliford was the posthumous son of Robert Culliford of Encombe, Dorset and his wife Margaret Hyde, daughter of Robert Hyde of West Hatch, Wiltshire. He came into the estate at Encombe, on the Isle of Purbeck, at birth and farmed it. During the English Civil War his actions were mainly directed at safeguarding his property and cattle as he helped the Royalists capture Wareham in 1644 but then raised a force of 250 men in 1646 to blockade the Royalist garrison of Corfe Castle. He was thereby exempted from compounding for delinquency and from the decimation tax in 1656. However he eagerly accepted a post for one of his sons at the exiled Court "as attendant to the young gallant there".
In 1660, Culliford was elected Member of Parliament for Wareham for the Convention Parliament. He was J.P. for Dorset from July 1660 to June 1688 and commissioner for assessment for Dorset from August 1660 to 1663. In 1661 he was re-elected MP for Wareham for the Cavalier Parliament after a double return with his brother-in-law Robert Lawrence, who had been a commander of the Royalist forces at Corfe Castle. He was Deputy Lieutenant for the Isle of Purbeck from 1661 to about 1676. In 1662 he became a freeman of Lyme Regis and commissioner for corporations for Dorset until 1663. He was a J.P. for Poole in 1665 and commissioner for assessment for Dorset from 1666 to 1680. In 1675 he was commissioner for recusants. He was removed from the commission of the peace in June 1688 and during the Glorious Revolution he protected some Roman Catholic neighbours at Lulworth Castle when they were threatened by a mob. One of these neighbours said of the incident "God has been pleased to raise up a friend of almost an enemy" . He was reinstated J.P. for Dorset from November 1688 until his death and was a commissioner for assessment for Dorset from 1689 to 1690.
Culliford died at the age of 70 and was buried at Corfe Castle on 10 February 1698.
Culliford married firstly Elizabeth Lawrence, daughter of Sir Edward Lawrence of Creech Grange, Steeple, Dorset on 14 May 1638 and had six sons and five daughters. He married secondly before 10 October 1676, Jane Lawrence, widow of his brother-in-law Sir Robert Lawrence of Creech Grange and daughter of John Williams of Tyneham, Dorset. His son William was MP for Corfe Castle from 1690 to 1699.
References
1617 births
1698 deaths
English MPs 1660
English MPs 1661–1679 |
34689566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Huber%20Sr. | Joseph Huber Sr. | Joseph Huber Sr. (died 1867), was president of the Los Angeles, California, Common Council—the legislative arm of that city—for two years, beginning May 1863 and ending May 1865. He had earlier terms as a member, winning a seat in a special election on January 7, 1861, to replace Damien Marchesseault, who had resigned, and also serving in the 1862–63 term.
References
Further reading
Obituary in Los Angeles Semi-Weekly News, July 12, 1867, page 3, column 1.
Year of birth missing
1867 deaths
19th-century American politicians
Los Angeles City Council members |
4833423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimon%20Argyropoulo | Kimon Argyropoulo | Kimon Emmanuilovich Argyropoulo (; — 27 October 1918) was a Russian ambassador to Persia, serving from 1897–1902. He was instrumental in helping to negotiate a Russian loan to Mozzaffar ed-Din Shah, the Shah of Persia, in 1900. He also later served as the Senior Counselor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs under Count Lamsdorff.
1842 births
1918 deaths
Diplomats of the Russian Empire
Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to Iran
Russian people of Greek descent |
29174519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertorelli | Bertorelli | Bertorelli is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Giovanni Bertorelli (1928–2006), Venezuelan fencer
Toni Bertorelli (1948–2017), Italian actor
See also
Bertarelli
Paramount Restaurants
Italian-language surnames |
55938007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%20Szuperkupa%20%28men%27s%20water%20polo%29 | 2017 Szuperkupa (men's water polo) | The 2017 Szuperkupa (known as the TippMix Férfi Szuper Kupa for sponsorship reasons) was played on 22 December 2017 in Budapest, Hungary. With Szolnoki Dózsa winning both the 2016–17 Országos Bajnokság I championship and the 2016 Magyar Kupa, the game was played between Szolnoki Dózsa and the 2016 Magyar Kupa runners-up, Egri VK.
Teams
Squads
Head coach: Sándor Cseh, Jr.
Head coach: Norbert Dabrowski
Match
See also
2017–18 Országos Bajnokság I (National Championship of Hungary)
2017 Magyar Kupa (National Cup of Hungary)
References
External links
Hungarian Water Polo Federaration
Seasons in Hungarian water polo competitions
Hungary
Szuperkupa Men |
19003777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipianki%2C%20%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA%20Voivodeship | Lipianki, Łódź Voivodeship | Lipianki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ujazd, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Ujazd, north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and south-east of the regional capital Łódź.
References
Villages in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County |
60665473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320%20Dumbarton%20F.C.%20season | 2019–20 Dumbarton F.C. season | Season 2019–20 was Dumbarton's second in the third tier of Scottish football having finished sixth in the division in 2018–19. Dumbarton also competed in the Challenge Cup, Scottish League Cup and the Scottish Cup.
Story of the season
May
Dumbarton's first transfer business of the 2019–20 season saw defender Cammy Ballantyne leave the club for Montrose. Ballantyne was followed by Craig Barr and Brian McLean who turned down new deals, along with Grant Adam, Willie Dyer, Ross Perry, Michael Paton and Ryan Thomson who were released at the end of their contracts. After lengthy negotiations it was eventually revealed on 29 May that Jim Duffy would remain as the club's manager - having guided the club from a relegation battle to sixth place in Scottish League One the previous season. The same day the club were drawn against Motherwell. Greenock Morton, Queen of the South and Annan Athletic in the group stages of the 2019–20 Scottish League Cup. The following day club captain Ross Forbes departed for Forfar Athletic. On 31 May the club announced their first two signings of the summer - with Stefan McCluskey and Morgyn Neill signing from Pollok and Stenhousemuir respectively.
June
June opened with Bobby Barr leaving the club to join Lowland League outfit East Stirlingshire. Shortly after Kyle Hutton became the first member of the previous season's squad to sign-up for the new campaign, inking a new one-year deal. Meanwhile, friendlies were arranged for July with Dunfermline Athletic, Dundee United and Hamilton Academical. Jordan Pettigrew became the club's third signing of the summer, joining from Livingston and he was followed by midfielder Conor Scullion from Cumbernauld United and forward Ryan Tierney from Edusport Academy. Top scorer from the previous two season Calum Gallagher departed the club for Airdrieonians however. The following day Isaac Layne became the club's sixth new signing of the window whilst goalkeeper Conor Brennan also agreed a new deal. Player of the Year Stuart Carswell was next to renew his contract, penning a new one-year deal.
July
Defender Jordan McMillan was the club's next addition, signing on the same day as the club's first pre-season match with Dunfermline Athletic was cancelled. Defender Lewis Crawford was next to sign up, joining from junior side Petershill. He made his debut the following day, in a 3–2 victory against Dundee United with all three goals coming from trialists - Muhammadu Faal, Joe McKee and Mati Zata. The Sons final pre-season game ended in defeat, 2–0 to a young Hamilton Academical side. On 11 July, just two days before the start of the Scottish League Cup, Duffy added four players: Mati Zata, Ruaridh Langan, PJ Crossan and Rico Quitongo to his squad. The club's new kit was revealed the following day, with a return to a yellow and black home kit after seven seasons in white and gold. Ryan McGeever then became the Sons 13th signing of the summer. The competitive season started with a 1–0 victory against Annan Athletic with Ryan Tierney scoring the only goal of the game. On Monday 15 July Matthew Shiels became the club's first loan signing of the summer, joining on a deal until January 2020. After a heavy defeat to Greenock Morton in the Scottish League Cup Duffy moved into the transfer market again - signing Joe McKee on a one-year deal. The League Cup campaign ended with defeats to Queen of the South and Motherwell.
August
Before the start of the new season Rory Loy left the club having not made an appearance for 11 months following a serious back injury. The Sons league season opened with a 1–0 defeat to Raith Rovers. A heavy defeat to Falkirk followed, before a humiliating defeat to St Mirren under-21s in the Scottish Challenge Cup. The Sons recorded their first victory of the new season on 17 August, coming from 2-0 down to defeat Peterhead 3–2 at Balmoor Stadium thanks to goals from Ruaridh Langan, PJ Crossan and Isaac Layne. Prior to the next game against Stranraer Reghan Tumilty became the club's 16th signing of the summer, joining on loan until January from Greenock Morton. Tumility scored his first goal for the club in the afternoon, with Layne continuing his good from with a brace as Sons recorded a first home win of the campaign. The game also marked Stuart Carswell's 100th Dumbarton appearance. The month ended with a 2–1 victory against Montrose, where Layne again scored a double.
September
September opened with defeat to Airdrieonians. That was followed by a 2–2 draw with East Fife where Ryan McGeever scored his first goal for the club, with Isaac Layne taking his total to six for the season from the penalty spot. A defeat to Clyde followed, before Adam Frizzell became the club's 17th signing of the summer - joining on loan from Kilmarnock.
October
Frizzell made his debut in a 3–1 victory against Forfar Athletic where he scored twice, meaning that the Sons ended the first quarter of the season in fifth place with 13 points from their first nine games. Two more positive results followed to ensure that the Sons ended the month undefeated, a 0–0 draw with Stranraer and a 1–0 victory against Peterhead with Ryan McGeever scoring his second goal of the campaign.
November
November began with a 3–1 defeat to Airdrieonians, with Calum Gallagher giving the hosts the lead after just 27 seconds. Another defeat followed, this time by four goals to two at home to East Fife. A 1–1 draw with Falkirk saw Isaac Layne score for the first time since September - with his 30th-minute strike being cancelled out by Declan McManus's injury time penalty. Before the next game Lewis Crawford and Mati Zata left the club on loan, joining Junior side Rossvale until January.
December
A 2–0 home defeat to Montrose opened December, before a 4-3 comeback victory against Forfar Athletic where Sons had been 1–0, 2-1 and 3-2 down but came back to win with strikes from Joe McKee, Reghan Tumilty and a PJ Crossan brace. Defender Jordan McMillan was next leave, joining Pollok on a short-term loan, before the Sons defeated table-topping Raith Rovers at Stark's Park with goals from Crossan and Ryan McGeever. The year ended with a 1–1 draw against Stranraer where the Sons were able to name just one outfield sub. Ryan Tierney, on his first start since August, got the goal.
January
January began with Mati Zata and Lewis Crawford being recalled from their loan spell with Rossvale after an injury crisis left the duo as the only outfield substitutes for the 3–0 defeat to Falkirk. Dumbarton's squad then took another hit when defender Reghan Tumilty returned to Greenock Morton at the end of his loan spell. The following week a waterlogged pitch caused the postponement of a home tie with Clyde. Callum Wilson became the first signing of the winter window, joining from Partick Thistle. A controversial late penalty then saw the Sons exit the Scottish Cup at the hands of Aberdeen. Sam Wardrop became the club's second signing of the window, joining for a second loan spell on 23 January - this time on a temporary deal from Dundee United until the end of the season. Wardrop debuted two days later in a 1–0 defeat to Peterhead that left the Sons without a win, or a goal, in the month of January. After the match Jim Duffy confirmed that winger Conor Scullion was to leave the club. Two days later assistant manager Craig McPherson left the club and was replaced by former Dundee manager Barry Smith. Jai Quitongo became the club's second signing of the winter, joining after leaving Persian Gulf Pro League side Machine Sazi. The month ended with defender Jordan McMillan leaving the club and striker Robert Jones joining from Stranraer. On deadline day Ross Forbes returned to the club from Forfar Athletic.
February
Jones opened his account for the Sons on his debut in a 4–2 defeat to East Fife. That was followed by a 0–0 home draw against Airdrieonians in the club's first home game of 2020. The winless run continued into mid-February after a 2–1 defeat to Montrose but was finally ended on 25 February with a 1–0 victory against Clyde where Morgyn Neill got the only goal. That was followed up by another victory, with Stuart Carswell scoring an injury time winner at home to Raith Rovers.
March
March opened with a 2–0 victory against Forfar Athletic where Ross Forbes scored his first goal since returning to the club, and Jai Quitongo also scored his first for the Sons. A 2–0 defeat to Clyde ended the unbeaten run four days later. On Friday 13 March all Scottish football was suspended indefinitely due to the coronavirus pandemic. A week later midfielder Mati Zata left the club whilst chairman John Steele admitted the pandemic presented a risk to the club's future.
April
Having not played since early March, and with football suspended until at least June, the decision was taken to end the 2019–20 season on 15 April, with the Sons sitting sixth in Scottish League One.
May
At a virtual player of the year awards ceremony held on 2 May, Kyle Hutton was named as the club's Player of the Season and Players' Player of the Season, whilst Rico Quitongo was named Young Player of the Season.
First team transfers
From end of 2018–19 season, to last match of season 2019–20
In
Out
Fixtures and results
Friendlies
Scottish League One
Scottish Cup
Scottish League Cup
Table
Matches
Scottish Challenge Cup
Player statistics
All competitions
Captains
League table
References
Dumbarton
Dumbarton |
2348308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BankLink | BankLink | BankLink is an accounting service used by more than 325,000 small businesses for their GST and end of year tax in Australia and New Zealand.
The BankLink service electronically delivers bank transaction data from more than 100 participating banks and other financial institutions directly to the accountant. BankLink software is then used by the accountant to automatically code as many transactions as possible. The accountant can then find out from the client the nature of any uncoded transactions using one of BankLink's electronic reports including an online service. This coded data is then used to prepare management reports and various other reports used for tax compliance purposes.
BankLink started its business in 1986. It remains a privately owned business and is based in Auckland, New Zealand. The BankLink service is now used by more than 1,300 accounting practices in New Zealand and 3,400 in Australia. BankLink launched in the United Kingdom in 2011. In 2012 BankLink and MYOB announced a strategic partnership in which BankLink will provide bank data to be used in MYOB's accounting products.
On 14 May 2013 it was announced that MYOB has agreed to buy the New Zealand and Australian business of BankLink effective June 2013.
Before its acquisition by MYOB, BankLink was the Principal Partner of Rowing New Zealand. This sponsorship has been taken over by Bankstream.
It's the title of ATM used at Allied Irish Bank and First Trust Bank.
References
External links
- Australia
- New Zealand
- United Kingdom
- MYOB Australia
- MYOB New Zealand
Financial services companies established in 1986
Financial services companies of Australia |
3671438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%20Road | Bird Road | Bird Road, co-signed State Road 976 (SR 976) from the Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (SR 821) in Westwood Lakes, Florida to U.S. Route 1 (SR 5) in Miami, is a main east–west road running south of downtown Miami in Miami-Dade County, Florida.
Route description
State Road 976 begins on Bird Road at the Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike in Westwood Lakes, heading east as a primarily commercial six lane divided highway, including many strip malls on its route. It crosses State Road 985 before leaving Westwood Lakes and entering Westchester. Between SW 94th Avenue and SW 92nd Avenue, Bird Road passes by Bird Bowl, one of the few remaining bowling establishments in Miami-Dade County. Bird Road then crosses State Road 973 (Galloway Road), and borders the northern end of Tropical Park, the former site of a race track that had its heyday in the 1950s and 1960s, and now a Miami-Dade County park. At the northeastern border of Tropical Park, SR 976 has an interchange with the Palmetto Expressway. At the southeast corner of its intersection of Ludlam Road, a block of vintage stores lines the road. At State Road 959, the road enters Coral Gables, with the median of the road containing spreading banyan trees, similar to the nearby Coral Way. Between State Road 959 (Red Road) and State Road 953 (LeJeune Road), the road is primarily residential, crossing a couple of golf courses. East of SR 953 and Coral Gables High School, it resumes commercial businesses, and has intersections with Ponce De Leon Boulevard, where the median disappears, and quickly heads towards its eastern terminus of US 1.
East of State Road 976's eastern terminus, Bird Road becomes SE 40th Street/Bird Avenue as it traverses the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami, intersecting SW 27th Avenue and ending at Aviation Avenue one block further east.
West of State Road 976's western terminus, the road jogs slightly to the south to become SW 42nd Street, and known as Bird Road or Bird Drive, as it goes through a primarily residential area, with several businesses and strip malls scattered through. Bird Drive currently ends at SW 162nd Avenue, but more development continues to be built in this area and the road may be extended further west in the future.
History
SR 976
When FDOT added Bird Road to its list of state roads in 1980, it was originally designated State Road 930. Three years later the SR 930 signs were removed from the street and replaced with signs with the SR 976 designation.
Bird Road was named after Reverend C.S. and Molly Piercy Bird, who had homesteaded 160 acres that includes the current Biltmore Golf Course. Bird Road evolved from the trail C.S. Bird had blazed from Miami to his homestead.
Major intersections
References
Roads in Miami-Dade County, Florida |
23267535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIAI%20P-3 | NIAI P-3 | The P-3, (a.k.a. LIG-5 (Leningradskii Institoot Grazdahnskovo Vozdooshnovo Flota- Leningrad Institute civil air fleet), was a multi-purpose trainer aircraft designed and built in the USSR from 1936.
Development
In 1930 the LIIPS ( - Leningrad institute for sail and communications engineers) formed a UK GVF ( - training centre for civil air fleet), in turn the UK GVF formed the NIAI (Naoochno-Issledovatel'skiy Aero-Institoot - scientific test aero-institute) which became the focus of several good design engineers who were given command of individual OKB (Osboye Konstrooktorskoye Byuro – personal design/construction bureau).
The P-3 was designed by Anatolii Georgievich Bedunkovich, an Engineer Colonel, was conceived as a more powerful and faster aircraft similar to the LK-4, able to be produced in several versions to carry out different tasks. The three variants tested were intended for military training of pilots and crewmen. Construction was of wood throughout with some fabric covering. Testing at Leningrad was successfully completed by February 1937 when the aircraft was transferred to NII VVS (Naoochno-Issledovatel'skiy Institoot Voyenno-Vozdooshnykh Seel – scientific test institute of the soviet air force), for further testing, a production order was anticipated but the prototype crashed irreparably, due to pilot error, and no production was authorised.
Variants
P-3DP – (Dvukmestnyi Polutoplan – two-seat sesquiplane) For training pilots and observers for R-5 and similar aircraft.
P-3OB – (Odnomestnyi Biplan – single-seat biplane) For training pilots of I-15 and other biplane fighters: The upper wing centre-section was removed along with the side cabane struts and the rear cockpit was faired over.
P-3ON– (Odnomestnyi Nizkoplan – single-seat low-wing monoplane) For training I-16 and other monoplane fighter pilots, the P-3 ON had a cantilever lower wing only and a smaller tailplane.
Specifications (P-3DP)
See also
References
Gunston, Bill. “The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995”. London, Osprey. 1995.
1930s Soviet civil trainer aircraft
NIAI aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1934 |
30298368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%201966 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1966 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1966, adopted on December 22, 2010, after recalling resolutions 827 (1993) and 955 (1994), the Council established a residual mechanism to conclude the remaining tasks of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda (ICTR) and former Yugoslavia (ICTY). It was the final Security Council resolution adopted in 2010.
The resolution was adopted by 14 votes to none against and one abstention from Russia, which stated that the tribunals would be able to complete their work by the agreed dates, and for this to be the final resolution on the matter. It argued that the work of the tribunals would have to be completed by 2014.
Resolution
Observations
The Security Council recalled resolutions 1503 (2003) and 1534 (2004) which called for the completion of all cases in both tribunals by 2010, and acknowledged that this completion date could not be met. At the same time, the Council noted that the tribunals had contributed towards justice, accountability and the rule of law in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. It reaffirmed that it was necessary to bring to justice all persons indicted by the ICTR and ICTY.
The preamble of the resolution indicated the need to establish a small and temporary ad hoc mechanism to carry out some functions of the tribunals after their closure, including the trial of fugitives.
Acts
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council established the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals with two commencement dates of July 1, 2012 and July 1, 2013 for the ICTR and ICTY respectively. A statute was also adopted for the mechanism, whose functions would gradually diminish over time. The tribunals were urged to complete all residual work by December 31, 2014 towards a transition to the mechanism. The Council urged the tribunals and the mechanism to make every effort to refer cases not involving those most responsible for crimes to competent national jurisdictions.
The Council further decided that the mechanism would continue the jurisdiction, rights, functions and obligations of the tribunals, and the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon was requested to submit a draft rules of procedure and evidence for the mechanism by June 30, 2011. The mechanism was to operate for an initial period of four years from the first commencement date and progress would be reviewed regularly.
See also
Breakup of Yugoslavia
List of indictees of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1901 to 2000 (2009–2011)
Yugoslav Wars
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
1966
1966
December 2010 events |
53400369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mushroom%20dishes | List of mushroom dishes | This is a list of notable mushroom dishes and foods, comprising foodstuffs prepared using mushrooms as a primary ingredient. Edible mushrooms have variety of benefits when consumed. Some healthy factors that edible mushrooms can be related to humans are that they have essential nutrients we need for a healthy life, including protein, vitamins B, C and D, and selenium (which helps prevent cancer). They are a good source of iron, copper, riboflavin, niacin and contain dietary fiber. One portobello mushroom can contain more potassium than a banana. In many cultures, mushroom picking is an important tradition and can be a substantial source of income. In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, it is estimated that the value of the yearly mushroom harvest in a forest can equal the value of lumber produced from that same forest in some situations. According to the “Menus of Change” initiative of The Culinary Institute of America and the Harvard School of Public Health Department of Nutrition, pairing the evidence for health- and sustainability-linked food choices with flavor, other culinary, and demographic trends and plausible business scenarios allows flavor-rich, largely plant-based food and menu choices to emerge (presented by G. Drescher, The Culinary Institute of America, at the Mushrooms and Health Summit on 9 September 2013). Mushrooms, with their unique sensory and culinary functional properties, may help Americans move toward healthier, plant-based choices. Of particular interest are the high amounts of both glutamates (not as monosodium glutamate) and ribonucleotides in A. bisporus. Glutamate and certain 5′-ribonucleotides are taste-active chemicals responsible for umami, considered by some to be the fifth flavor of food. Calcium diglutamate, in particular, was shown to improve the flavor of low-sodium products.
Mushroom dishes
Ciulama – mainly found in Romanian and Moldovan cuisine, this dish is prepared with poultry or mushrooms
Coulibiac with mushrooms - Russian pirog filled with mushrooms
Cream of mushroom soup – simple cream soup prepared using mushrooms
Diri ak djon djon – Haitian Creole for rice with mushrooms, it is a native dish of Haiti
Duxelles – finely chopped (minced) mixture of mushrooms or mushroom stems, onions, shallots, and herbs sautéed in butter, and reduced to a paste.
Marinated mushrooms – chopped mushrooms marinated with spices, popular in Russian cuisine under brands Uniservis and Mikado
Mushroom broth – Soup base made from mushrooms instead of animals or plants, used in vegan ramen
Mushroom burger – burgers made with mushrooms as a meat substitute, can be a thick slice of a Portabello or a patty made of minced mushrooms
Mushroom gravy – mushroom-based sauce
Mushroom ketchup – style of ketchup that is prepared with mushrooms as its primary ingredient. Originally, ketchup in the United Kingdom was prepared with mushrooms, instead of tomato, the main ingredient in contemporary preparations of ketchup.
Mushroom sauce – often cream-based
Oysters en brochette – variation of the dish whereby it is prepared with mushrooms on the skewers, rather than bacon, and also with both mushrooms, bacon, chunks of tomato, and/or cubes of cooked ham.
Sautéed mushrooms – flavorful dish prepared by sautéing mushrooms in butter or oil
Selsko meso – Macedonian and Balkan pork and mushroom dish
Stuffed mushrooms – myriad fillings are used in this baked dish
Veal Orloff – consists of a braised loin of veal, thinly sliced, filled with a thin layer of pureed mushrooms and onions between each slice
Mushroom Wild Mushroom Biryani – The Thar desert traditional Mushroom Biryani is one of the delicious dishes of desert organic foods that may be enjoyed on different occasions
Gallery
See also
List of Chinese mushrooms and fungi
List of onion dishes
List of vegetable dishes
References
More references:
Alexander, S., Pilz, D., WEBER, N. et al. Mushrooms, Trees, and Money: Value Estimates of Commercial Mushrooms and Timber in the Pacific Northwest. Environmental Management 30, 129–141 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2610-1
Ball, P., Woodward, D., Beard, T. et al. Calcium diglutamate improves taste characteristics of lower-salt soup. Eur J Clin Nutr 56, 519–523 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601343
Abu Janus, First Published, World in Eyes, WiE, 2020
Mushroom |
27437585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20G.%20Grutka | Andrew G. Grutka | Andrew Gregory Grutka (November 17, 1908 – November 11, 1993) was a 20th-century bishop of the Catholic Church in the United States. He served as first bishop of the Diocese of Gary in the state of Indiana from 1956–1984.
Biography
Born in Joliet, Illinois, Grutka studied for the priesthood at the Pontifical North American College and was ordained a priest on December 5, 1933, by Cardinal Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani for the Diocese of Fort Wayne. Father Grutka was serving as the pastor of Holy Trinity Parish in Gary when on December 29, 1956, he was named bishop of the newly created Diocese of Gary by Pope Pius XII. He was consecrated a bishop by Archbishop Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, Apostolic Delegate to the United States. Bishops John Patrick Cody, of Kansas City-Saint Joseph and Leo Aloysius Pursley of Fort Wayne were the principal co-consecrators. From 1962–1965, he attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council and was responsible for implementing the Council's reforms in the diocese. In 1959, Andrean High School in Merrillville, Indiana, was named for his patron, Saint Andrew. He served the diocese for 28 years until Pope John Paul II accepted his resignation on July 9, 1984.
Death
After his resignation, Bishop Grutka remained active in the diocese, ministering to the people of the diocese at the pleasure of the new bishop, the Most Reverend Norbert Felix Gaughan. He died at his home on November 11, 1993, six days shy of his 85th birthday. He was entombed in the east transept of Cathedral of the Holy Angels.
References
1908 births
1993 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
People from Joliet, Illinois
People from Gary, Indiana
Roman Catholic Diocese of Fort Wayne–South Bend
Roman Catholic bishops of Gary
Catholics from Illinois |
62159011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogalevo | Rogalevo | Rogalevo () is a rural locality (a village) in Kisnemskoye Rural Settlement, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 11 as of 2002.
Geography
Rogalevo is located 25 km northwest of Lipin Bor (the district's administrative centre) by road. Istomino is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Vashkinsky District |
42969262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerego | Cerego | Cerego is an adaptive learning technology platform based on principles of neuroscience and cognitive science. Cerego's patented technology uses the scientific methods of distributed practice and the testing effect as the basis of user memory retention for content built in and available on their website.
Cerego has partnered and collaborated with various organizations and institutions including The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, EdX, Cengage and Fabien Cousteau’s Mission 31.
In 2009, Cerego launched a new Facebook app called Smart.fm Brainspeed that scans the information in the profiles of the user's friends and then creates a quiz around their personal information, in order to assess the memory power of the users.
In 2013, Cerego partnered with Elsevier to provide nursing and healthcare students an adaptive learning solution for their educational content.
In 2014, Cerego was awarded a grant by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to provide next-generation digital courseware designed to reach more than 1 million low-income students and disadvantaged learners in undergraduate courses by 2018.
Preliminary results from a study conducted at Excelsior College in 2014 indicated that using Cerego can help increase grades when studying math and biology online.
References
External links
Cerego's Official website
Spaced repetition software
American educational websites
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area |
9911562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanlayanee%20Si%20Thammarat%20School | Kanlayanee Si Thammarat School | Kanlayanee Si Thammarat School () is a high school in Nakhon Si Thammarat located in Thailand which was established in 1918 as a provincial girls' school ().
Curriculum
This school has 3 programs of study:
Normal Program
English Program
Science and Mathematics Gifted Program (SMGP)
School colors are white and blue. School's tree is ratchapreuk (). School motto is: Wisdom is the light of the world.
References
External links
Schools in Thailand
Educational institutions established in 1918
Nakhon Si Thammarat province
1918 establishments in Siam |
68762781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20von%20Mueffling | William von Mueffling | William Alexander von Mueffling is an investor, hedge fund manager, and producer. He is the president of Cantillon Capital Management, an investment firm with more than $14 billion under management.
Early life and education
von Mueffling was born in Munich to a German investment-banker father, Baron William von Mueffling, and an American mother, Marsha Millard, who met as students at Columbia University. His paternal family is descended from German nobility, and his maternal grandfather, Mark Millard, was a senior managing director and a member of the board of directors of Shearson/American Express. His father died when he was a toddler, and his mother moved William and his siblings to New York, where he attended Columbia University, earning his B.A. in 1990 and M.B.A. from Columbia Business School in 1995.
Career
von Mueffling worked for Deutsche Bank in France before joining Lazard, where he became a managing director at Lazard Asset Management and gained fame as an investor in his early 30s by shorting technology stocks, posting average annual returns of more than 30% from 1998 to 2003. He was called a "Wunderkind" by Forbes and "alpha male" by the Economist for his stellar performance.
After a dispute with Lazard's chief executive Bruce Wasserstein over compensation, he left in 2003 to start his own hedge fund, Cantillon Capital Management. As a result of his departure, Lazard's hedge fund business suffered a devastating loss of $3 billion, as many of its investors followed von Mueffling to the new firm.
In 2007, he was named one of New York magazine's "hedge-fund elite" along with the likes of Chase Coleman, Peter Thiel and Eric Mindich. Between 2006 and 2008, he was named one of Institutional investor's 25 top-earning hedge fund managers in the industry.
von Mueffling closed his hedge fund in 2009 and returned $3.5 billion to investors, and switched to a long-only strategy by retaining $1 billion in long-only assets. His investment firm has an AUM of nearly $15 billion, as of September 2021.
He executive produced the 2015 documentary film Racing Extinction about the ongoing Holocene extinction and the 2019 documentary film Slay the Dragon about gerrymandering in the United States. He also helped launch whosontheballot.org, a website that provides one-stop comprehensive guide for all things related to voting in New York City.
von Mueffling sits on Columbia Business School's board of overseers. In 2007, he served on The President's Working Group on Financial Markets, where he was named to the Asset Manager's committee and helped draw up guidelines for best practices in the hedge fund industry.
von Mueffling serves as an advisor to the litigation funding startup Legalist.
Personal life and family
von Mueffling is married to Clémence von Mueffling, an author and beauty expert whose mother, Lorraine Bolloré, and grandmother, Régine Debrise, were both beauty editors of Vogue Paris. She is a relative of French businessman Vincent Bolloré, CEO of the eponymous conglomerate Bolloré SE. He maintains a residence at 810 Fifth Avenue.
References
Living people
American hedge fund managers
American investors
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Columbia Business School alumni
American people of German descent
People from Munich
Deutsche Bank people
American film producers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
46314357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Love%20Affair | A Love Affair | A Love Affair () is a 1963 novel by the Italian writer Dino Buzzati. It tells the story of an architect in Milan who falls in love with a much younger ballerina. The novel has an unusually conventional narrative style compared to many of the author's other works.
An English translation by Joseph Green was published in 1964. The novel was the basis for the 1965 film Un amore, directed by Gianni Vernuccio.
References
1963 novels
20th-century Italian novels
Italian novels adapted into films
Italian-language books
Novels set in Milan
Novels by Dino Buzzati |
949329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midlands%20Today | Midlands Today | Midlands Today is the BBC's regional television news service for the West Midlands. It was launched in 1964 and is presented by Mary Rhodes, Nick Owen, Elizabeth Glinka, Rebecca Wood and Shefali Oza.
Overview
Midlands Today is produced by BBC Midlands and broadcasts on BBC One seven days a week. The programme is produced and broadcast from the BBC studios in The Mailbox, Birmingham. Journalists are also based at newsrooms in Coventry, Shrewsbury, Stoke-on-Trent and Worcester.
The programme began on 28 September 1964, broadcasting from a small room in the Birmingham Register Office before moving to the custom-built Pebble Mill broadcasting centre in Edgbaston on 10 November 1971. It remained there until the studios closed on 22 October 2004 when the BBC Birmingham operations were switched to the current studios at The Mailbox.
Up until 1991, the programme also served the East Midlands, which has since received its own BBC regional news service. The programme's editorial area consists of the West Midlands, Warwickshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire and northern Gloucestershire.
Midlands Today is broadcast from the Sutton Coldfield transmitter in the West Midlands and can be watched in any part of the UK on Sky, Freesat and in the rest of Europe via Astra 2E at 28.2° East (10788V 22000 5/6). The latest edition is also available to view again on the Midlands Today website and on BBC iPlayer.
On air
On weekdays, 3 breakfast bulletins air as part of BBC Breakfast at 26 minutes past the hour, between 6:26am and 8:26am.
A fifteen-minute lunchtime bulletin airs at 1:30pm, following the BBC News at One.
The main edition of Midlands Today is broadcast every weeknight between 6.30pm and 7.00pm.
The late night bulletin airs at 10.30pm on weeknights, following the BBC News at Ten.
Midlands Today also airs short early evening bulletins on Saturday and Sunday evenings, although times usually vary.
A late night bulletin is also broadcast on Sundays, following the BBC News at Ten.
Presenters
News anchors
Weather presenters
Past presenters
Former presenters have included Tom Coyne, Kay Alexander (the programme's longest serving presenter), Alan Towers, Alastair Yates, David Davies, Sue Beardsmore, Stuart Linnell, Matt Smith, Julian Worricker, Ashley Blake (who was sacked in August 2009 after a criminal court case), Suzanne Virdee and Jackie Kabler.
Senior presenter Alan Towers' on-air departure in July 1997 (after 25 years) brought about one of the most controversial moments in the programme's history when he shared indignant views on BBC management, describing them as pygmies in grey suits wearing blindfolds.
References
External links
BBC Birmingham productions
BBC Regional News shows
1964 British television series debuts
1960s British television series
1970s British television series
1980s British television series
1990s British television series
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
2020s British television series
Television news in England |
68522488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look%20Back | Look Back | Look Back may refer to:
Look Back, film with Natalia Bardo, 2014
Look Back, film with Gregory Blair, 2016
Look Back (manga), a Japanese one-shot web manga by Tatsuki Fujimoto, July 2021
"Look Back" (Tone Damli song), by Norwegian singer Tone Damli, 2012
"Look Back" (Diplo song), by American DJ Diplo from the album California, 2018
Lookback option, a type of finance option
See also
Don't Look Back (disambiguation)
Lookback distance, a type of astronomical distance
Looking Back (disambiguation) |
9781345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HotDog | HotDog | HotDog is an HTML editor developed by Sausage Software in the mid-1990s. At the time of its development, there were only a small number of HTML editors available on the market (such as HoTMetaL) and HotDog gathered significant interest due to its ease of use.
The program was developed by the New Zealand Internet entrepreneur Steve Outtrim. In 2000, the ownership of the product was sold from Sausage Software and, despite still being called Sausage Software, is now run by a company unrelated to the Outtrim-founded Sausage Software.
External links
</ref>
HTML editors
Discontinued software |
2977952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Rozdolsky | Roman Rozdolsky | Roman Osipovich Rosdolsky ( Roman Osipovič Rozdol's'kyj) (Lemberg, July 19, 1898 – Detroit, October 20, 1967) was a prominent Ukrainian Marxian scholar, historian and political theorist. Rodolskys book The Making of Marx's Capital, became a foundational text in the rediscovery of Marx critique of political economy. As well as influenced later scholars such as Postone.
Biography
Roman Rosdolsky was born in Lemberg (Lviv) in Galicia, at that time in the Austro-Hungarian empire, now in Ukraine, and died in Detroit, MI (USA). Rosdolsky's father Osyp Rosdolsky was a Ukrainian theologian, philologist, ethnographer and translator of some repute. Roman's uncle was Ukrainian composer Danylo Rosdolsky. Both Roman's grandparents were priests of the Greek Catholic Church and well-known supporters of the independence of the Ukrainian nation. Ivan Franko was a family friend.
As a youth, Rosdolsky was a member of the Ukrainian socialist Drahomanov Circles. He was drafted in the imperial army in 1915, and edited with Roman Turiansky the journal Klyči in 1917. He was a founder of the International Revolutionary Social Democracy (IRSD) and studied law in Prague. During World War I he founded the antimilitaristic "Internationale Revolutionäre Sozialistische Jugend Galiziens" (International Revolutionary Socialist Youth of Galizia). He became a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Eastern Galicia, representing its émigré organization 1921-1924 and a leading publicist of the Vasylkivtsi faction of the Ukrainian Communists. In 1925, he refused to condemn Trotsky and his Left Opposition, and was later, at the end of the 1920s, expelled from the Communist Party.
In 1926-1931, he was correspondent in Vienna of the Marx-Engels Institute in Moscow, searching for archival materials. At that time, in 1927, he met his wife Emily. When the labour movement in Austria suffered repression, he emigrated in 1934 back to L'viv, where he worked at the university as lecturer and he published the Trotskyist periodical Žittja i slovo 1934-1938. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1942, but survived internment for three years in the concentration camps of Auschwitz, Ravensbrück and Oranienburg. He emigrated to the USA in 1947, and worked there as independent scholar - failing to obtain a university post. He published also under pseudonyms such as "Roman Prokopovycz", "P.Suk.", "Tenet" and "W.S.".
Rosdolsky is mainly known in the English-speaking world for his careful scholarly exegesis on Marx's Grundrisse, The Making of Marx's Capital. The collection of essays overturned many previous interpretations of Das Kapital. Yet he published much more, especially on historical topics. During his life, he corresponded with numerous well known Marxist writers including Isaac Deutscher, Ernest Mandel, Paul Mattick, and Karl Korsch. Mandel called Rosdolsky's work on the National Question the only Marxist criticism of Marx himself.
Main published works in English
1951 "The Distribution of the Agrarian Product in Feudalism", in: Journal of Economic History (1951), pp. 247–265
1952 "On the nature of peasant serfdom in Central and Eastern Europe", in: Journal of Central European Affairs, Vol. 12, 1952.
1963 "A Revolutionary Parable on the Equality of Men", in: Archiv für Sozialgeschichte, Bd. 3 (1963), pp. 291–293.
1965 "Worker and Fatherland: a Note on a Passage in the Communist Manifesto". Science & Society, Vol. 29, 1965, pp. 330–337 (reprinted in Bob Jessop & Dennis Wheatley (ed.), Karl Marx's social and political thought. London: Routledge, 1999).
1974 "Method of Marx's Capital". New German Critique, Number 3, Fall 1974.
1977 The Making of Marx's Capital. London: Pluto Press, 1977.
1986 Engels and the `Nonhistoric' Peoples: the National Question in the Revolution of 1848. Glasgow: Critique books, 1987. First published in Critique, No.18/19, 1986.
1988 "A Memoir of Auschwitz and Birkenau." (Introd. John-Paul Himka). Monthly Review Vol. 39, no. 8 (January 1988), pp. 33–38.
1999 Lenin and the First World War. London: Prinkipo Press, 1999.
2009 "The Jewish Orphanage in Cracow". In: The Online Publications Series of the Center for Urban History of East Central Europe [www.lvivcenter.org/download.php?downloadid=107], No. 4, Lviv, October 2009 (translated by Diana Rosdolsky)
Published writing in German
1937 "Karl Marx und der Polizeispitzel Bangya, in: International Review for Social History", Vol. 2, Leyden 1937, pp. 229–245.
1938 "Die Geschichte der tschechisch-polnischen Beziehungen in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts", in: [Prager Rundschau, Jg. 8 (1938)], pp. 114–140.
1948 "Das jüdische Waisenhaus in Krakau". In: Arbeiter Zeitung, Vienna, 15 April 1948.
1954 "Die ostgalizische Dorfgemeinschaft und ihre Auflösung". In: Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Franz Steiner Verlag, Vol. 41, Nr. 2, 1954, pp. 97–145.
1956 "Zur neueren Kritik des Marxschen Gesetzes der fallenden Profitrate", in: Kyklos, 2 (1956), pp. 208–226
1957 Review of Martin Trottmann, Zur Interpretation und Kritik der Zusammenbruchstheorie von Henryk Grossmann, in: Kyklos, 3 (1957), pp. 353–355.
1957 "Der esoterische und der exoterische Marx. Zur kritischen Würdigung der Marxschen Lohntheorie I–III", in: Arbeit und Wirtschaft, Vol. 11 (1957), Nr. 11ff., pp. pp. 348–351, 388–391, 20–24.
1959 Der Gebrauchswert bei Karl Marx. Eine Kritik der bisherigen Marx-Interpretation, Kyklos. Internationale Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaften, Vol. XII 1959, Basel, pp. 27–56.
1959 "Joan Robinsons Marx-Kritik", in: Arbeit und Wirtschaft, Vol. 13 (1959), Nr. 8f., pp. 178–183, 210–212.
1959 'Zur Analyse der russischen Revolution', in Die Sozialismusdebatte. Historische und aktuelle Fragen des Sozialismus, edited by Ulf Wolter, West Berlin: Olle & Wolter, 1978: 203-36.
1961 Die grosse Steuer- und Agrarreform Josefs II. Ein Kapitel zur österreichischen Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1961.
1963 "Archivalische Miszellen über O. Bauer". International Review of Social History, vol. 8(1963), pp. 436–446.
1963 "La Neue Rheinische Zeitung et les Juifs", in: Etudes de Marxologie, no.7 (Aug. 1963).
1963 "Ein neomarxistisches Lehrbuch der politischen Ökonomie", in: Kyklos. Internationale Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaften, Vol. XVI, 1963, pp. 626–654.
1963 "Archivalische Miszellen über Otto Bauer". In: International Review of Social History, Vol. 8, pp. 436–446, 1963.
1963 "K. Marx und ein "Privatsekretär" Th. Sanders". International Review of Social History vol. 8(1963), pp. 282–285.
1963 "Archivalische Miszellen über Otto Bauer". In: International Review of Social History, Vol. 8, pp. 436–446, 1963.
1963 (Review) "Alfred Schmidt, Der Begriff der Natur in der Lehre von Marx". In: Schweizer Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik, pp. 524–527, 1963.
1965 "Die Rolle des Zufalls und der "Grossen Männer" in der Geschichte" (1965) . Kritik, Vol 5, No. 14, 1977, p. 67-96, Verlag Olle & Wolter, ISSN 0170-4761.
1966 "Die serbische Sozialdemokratie und die Stockholmer Konferenz von 1917", in: Archiv für Sozialgeschichte, Vol. 6-7(1966–67), pp. 583–597.
1968 "Einige Bemerkungen über die Methode des Marxschen "Kapitals" und ihre Bedeutung für die heutige Marxforschung". In: Kritik der politischen Ökonomie heute. 100 Jahre "Kapital". Frankfurt, Europäische Verlagsanstalt, pp. 9–21, 1968.
1969 "Der Streit um die polnisch-russischen Staatsgrenzen anlässlich des polnischen Aufstandes von 1863", in: Archiv für Sozialgeschichte, Vol. 9(1969), pp. 157–180.
1973 Studien über revolutionäre Taktik : 2 unveröffentlichte Arbeiten über d. 2. Internationale u. d. österr. Sozialdemokratie. With comments about the author and the edited texts by Emily Rosdolsky. Berlin : Verlag für d. Studium d. Arbeiterbewegung, 1973.
1976 Die Bauernabgeordneten im konstituierenden österreichischen Reichstag 1848 - 1849. Introduced by Eduard März. Vienna: Europaverlag, 1976.
1992 Untertan und Staat in Galizien : die Reformen unter Maria Theresia und Joseph II. Mainz: Von Zabern, 1992.
1979 Zur nationalen Frage. Friedrich Engels und das Problem der 'geschichtslosen' Völker, Verlag Olle & Wolter, Berlin 1979, .
Writing in Italian
2007 "La situazione rivoluzionaria in Austria nel 1918 e la politica dei socialdemocratici", in: Antonio Moscato (ed.), Trockij e le pace necessaria: 1918, la socialdemocrazia e la tragedia russa. Argo: 2007.
Writing in Polish
1962 "Do historij "Krawego Roku" 1846". In: Kwartalnik Historyczny, pp. 403–321, 1958.
1962 Stosunki poddańcze w dawnej Galicji. Warsaw, Paňstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1962.
1962 ""Spowied" Goslara." In: Kwartalnik Historyczny, 1962.
1969 "Do historij "Sojuzu vyzvolennja Ukrajny"". In: Ukrajan'kik Samostijnik, 1969 et seq. pp. 31-40, pp. 29-35, pp. 38-42, pp. 33-39; pp. 26-30; pp. 32-39.
Writing in Ukrainian
1927 (Pseudonym T. Prokopovych) "Fridrych Engel's pro Ukrajinu". In: Chervonyj Shliakh, pp. 161–186, 1927, Nr. 7-8
1951 "Do istorii ukrains'koho livo-sotsiialistychnoho rukhu v Halychyni (Pidchasvoienni 'Drahomanivky' 1916-18 r.r.),". In: Vpered, 1951, Nr. 3-4.
About Roman Rosdolsky
Ernest Mandel, "Roman Rosdolsky (1898-1967)", Quatrième Internationale, 33 (April 1968). English translation: "Roman Rosdolsky - a genuine Marxist scholar", Intercontinental Press (New York), 6, 21: 512-514, 3 June 1968. Dutch translation: "Wie was Roman Rosdolsky" (obituary)
Obituary of Emily Rosdolsky
Janusz Radziejowski, "Roman Rosdolsky: man, activist a scholar", in: Science & Society, Vol. 42 (1978) Nr. 2, pp. 198–210 (provides biographical details).
Anson G. Rabinbach, "Roman Rosdolsky 1897-1967: an introduction". New German Critique, No. 3, Autumn 1974, pp. 56–61.
Ralph Melvile 1992, 'Roman Rosdolsky (1898-1967) als Historiker Galiziens und der Habsburgermonarchie', in: Roman Rosdolsky, Untertan und Staat in Galizien. Die Reformen unter Maria Theriasia und Joseph II, Mainz: Von Zabern: VII-XXV.
"On Roman Rosdolsky as a Guide to the Politics of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung", Science & Society, Vol. 63, Nr 2, pp. 235–241
Review of Roman Rosdolsky, Engels and the `Nonhistoric' Peoples.
Raya Dunayevskaya, A Critique of Roman Rosdolsky: Rosdolsky's Methodology and the Missing Dialectic
Paul Mattick, Roman Rosdolsky: Das symbolische Schicksal eines osteuropäischen Marxisten
Manfred A. Turban, "Roman Rosdolsky's Reconsideration of the Traditional Marxist Debate on the Schemes of Reproduction on New Methodological Grounds", in Koropeckyj, I. S., ed. Selected Contributions of Ukrainian Scholars to Economics. Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute Sources and Documents series. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute distributed by Harvard University Press, 1984, pages 91–134.
John Paul Himka, "Roman Rosdolsky's Reconsideration of the Traditional Marxist Debate on the Schemes of Reproduction on New Methodological Grounds: Comments", in Koropeckyj, I. S., ed. Selected Contributions of Ukrainian Scholars to Economics. Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute Sources and Documents series. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute distributed by Harvard University Press, 1984, pages 135-47.
João Antonio de Paula, "Roman Rosdolsky (1898-1967): um intelectual em tempos de extremos". Nova Economia, vol.17, n.2, 2007.
Anson G. Rabinbach, "Roman Rosdolsky 1897-1967: An Introduction". New German Critique, No. 3 (Autumn, 1974), pp. 56–61.
References
External links
Roman Rosdolsky Archive at marxists.org
International Institute of Social History, A description of the Rosdolsky archives
Wikiversity Rosdolsky reading circle (Vienna)
See also
Emily Rosdolsky (de) :de:Emily Rosdolsky
1898 births
1967 deaths
University of Lviv faculty
Ukrainian anti-capitalists
Ukrainian Trotskyists
Ukrainian Marxists
Marxist theorists
Marxian economists
Ukrainian Austro-Hungarians
People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Austrian people of Ukrainian descent
Ukrainian revolutionaries
Communist Party of Western Ukraine members
Soviet Marxist historians
Politicians from Lviv
Critics of political economy |
61747970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%20of%20Jamaica | President of Jamaica | There is no political office named President of Jamaica.
You may be looking for:
Monarchy of Jamaica
Governor-General of Jamaica
List of presidents of the Legislative Council of Jamaica
Prime Minister of Jamaica
an office which theoretically could be created if the Republicanism in Jamaica movement succeeded in its initiative for the replacement of the Jamaican system of unitary constitutional monarchy with a republican form of government |
67252599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322%20Thai%20League%201 | 2021–22 Thai League 1 | The 2021–22 Thai League 1 is the 25th season of the Thai League 1, the top Thai professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1996, also known as Hilux Revo Thai League due to the sponsorship deal with Toyota Motor Thailand. A total of 16 teams will compete in the league. The season began on 31 July 2021 and is scheduled to conclude in May 2022.
The 1st transfer window is from 4 May to 27 July 2021 while the 2nd transfer window is from 8 December 2021 to 4 January 2022.
BG Pathum United are the defending champions, while Nongbua Pitchaya, Chiangmai United and Khonkaen United have entered as the promoted teams from the 2020–21 Thai League 2.
Changes from last season
Team changes
Promoted clubs
Promoted from the 2020–21 Thai League 2
Nongbua Pitchaya
Chiangmai United
Khonkaen United
Relegated clubs
Relegated from the 2020–21 Thai League 1
Rayong
Sukhothai
Trat
Teams
There are 16 clubs in the league, with three promoted teams from Thai League 2 replacing the three teams that were relegated from the 2020-21 season.
Sukhothai, Trat and Rayong were relegated at the end of the 2020–21 season after finishing in the bottom three places of the table. They were replaced by 2020-21 Thai League 2 champions Nongbua Pitchaya. They were joined by runners-up Chiangmai United, who also got promoted for the first time and Khonkaen United, promotion playoff winner which was first held in 2020–21 season.
Stadium and locations
Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.
Personnel and sponsoring
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Managerial changes
Foreign Players
The FIFA Transfer Window Period for Thailand was 4 May 2021 to 24 July 2021.
League table
Positions by round
Results by match played
Results
Season statistics
Top scorers
As of 27 February 2022.
Top assists
As of 27 February 2022.
Hat-tricks
Clean sheets
As of 27 February 2022.
Awards
Monthly awards
Attendances
Overall statistical table
Attendances by home match played
Source: Thai League
See also
2021–22 Thai League 2
2021–22 Thai League 3
2021–22 Thailand Amateur League
2021–22 Thai FA Cup
2021–22 Thai League Cup
2021 Thailand Champions Cup
Notes
References
2021
2021–22 in Asian association football leagues
2021 in Thai football leagues |
7029977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Randell | William Randell | William Richard Randell "Captain Randell" (2 May 1824 – 4 March 1911), was an Australian politician and pioneer born in Devon, England, who emigrated to the newly founded colony of South Australia in 1837 with his family. He was a pioneer of the riverboat industry on the River Murray and represented the Electoral district of Gumeracha in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1893 to 1899.
Captain Randell can also refer to his son (Richard) Murray Randell (2 February 1863 – 6 March 1952), who took over management of his father's small fleet of River Murray paddle steamers.
Early years
Born the eldest son of William Beavis Randell (1799–1876), a miller of Sidbury, Devon, and Mary Ann Elliott Randell (née Beare) (1799 – 22 December 1874), William was educated in Exeter. The family emigrated to Adelaide in 1837 on the "Hartley", probably on the recommendation of family friend George Fife Angas, arriving at Holdfast Bay on 20 October 1837. His father was appointed as Stock Manager for the South Australian Company, and was to have overseen erection and operation of its steam-driven flour mill, but though the mill machinery and building materials arrived shortly after the "Hartley", it was stranded on Kangaroo Island and did not arrive on the mainland for some time. The family first lived in a large tent rented from Robert Gouger then in 1839 moved into "Park Cottage" of 11 rooms on the banks of the Torrens, (demolished c. 1970) on section 256, the site of the present Adelaide Caravan Park. The mill (1842–1872) was built where Hackney Hotel is now. In 1840 W. B. Randell purchased 566 acres as a "Special Survey", then another tranche, totalling 966 acres which he called "Kenton Park" (probably named for Kenton, Devon). He completed a home in 1844, and "Kenton Mill" which commenced operation in 1848, with William Richard Randell its first manager. In 1852 he laid out the town of Gumeracha above the flood level of Kenton Creek.
Family of W. B. Randell
William Beavis Randell (originally "Randle") married Mary Ann Elliott Beare (or Bear) (1799–1874) on 17 April 1823. They had 9 children:
William Richard Randell (1824–1911) was a trader on the Murray (subject of this article).
Thomas George Randell (c. 1826 – 14 May 1880) married Mary Smith (c. 1828 – 16 April 1870) on ??
Eldest daughter Mary Evelyn Randell (c. 1852 – 29 October 1927) married Charles Claus "Charlie" Bock (c. 1843 – 4 December 1919) on 10 February 1875. He was captain of several Murray River steamers.
Hannah Elliott Randell (1827–1930) married Alfred Swaine
John Beavis Randell J.P. (1829 – 24 March 1876), flour miller, married Anne "Annie" Cave ( – 5 August 1900).
Elliott Charles Randell (c. 1832 – 18 April 1908) of Echuca was owner and captain of various Murray steamers.
Alfred Elliot Randell (c.1856 – 21 January 1892) skippered various Murray steamers. He married Katherine W. Swaine on 25 January 1890. Their daughter was born three weeks after he died.
Samuel Randell (c. 1833 – 30 November 1901) married Elizabeth Porter (c. 1830 – 23 January 1892), employed by Waterworks Office. His stepson William Robert Porter (c .1850 – 19 November 1921) was River Murray steamboat captain.
Francis Henry Randell (c. 1835 – 25 December 1899) was a squatter of Tarcoon, near the River Darling. He married Sarah Ann Nickels on 7 March 1861.
Ebenezer Hartly Randell (March 1838 – 6 September 1890) owner and captain of various Murray steamers. He married Ada Caroline Farmer on 25 December 1867
Elizabeth Beavis Randell (1840–1855) died of smallpox
The "Mary Ann"
As well as his mill management duties, William Randell assisted his father and brothers with their vast property which stretched from present-day Gumeracha to the River Murray. His duties often involved droving cattle to the banks of the lower Murray, and dreamt of steam-boats being able to transport produce between South Australia and the neighbouring colony of Victoria. At the time South Australia was struggling to retain its population due to emigration to the Victorian goldfields.
In 1852, with no experience in the steamboat construction, Randell commissioned local carpenters to build the frame of a , paddlewheel boat of shallow draught, capacity 20 ton in Gumeracha. It was dismantled, taken by bullock cart across the plains to Reedy Creek Station and the Noa No landing about 2 miles north of the present Mannum. There it was rebuilt, clad in local redgum. Named the Mary Ann, after his mother, the steamer featured a cylinder beam-engine delivering 8 horsepower, made by a German engineer from Adelaide, Carl Gehlkin. The boiler was an unsatisfactory rectangular affair built by the Randells' blacksmith. Its first trip, of 24 miles, was made on 19 February 1853. On 4 March she arrived at Goolwa for her first official voyage and received in grand style by the lieutenant-governor Sir Henry Young and hundreds of others. He set off on the return trip that afternoon. On 25 March 1853 he had navigated to Penn's Reach, a few miles north of Morgan, when low water levels forced him to return. The following year he reached Swan Hill, from the sea at Goolwa. Later that year Captain Cadell won the Government's £2000 prize for the first practicable cargo boat Lady Augusta (The £2000 was soon raised to £4000 on Cadell's agreement to build another boat. By the terms of the contest, the "Mary Ann" was never a contender for the prize.)
The Mary Ann was later rebuilt as one half of a two-hulled vessel named Gemini.
Expansion
Randell abandoned Noa No as too subject to flooding and built a small "pug and pine" cottage, the start of the town of Mannum, and a dry-dock.
His second boat, the twin-hulled single paddle-wheel "Gemini", despite its small size and ungainly appearance, managed some feats of navigation into New South Wales. She reached Lang's Crossing (where Hay stands now), then Brewarrina in 1859, and on another occasion as far as Walgett.
Randell built (or commissioned) many more steamers: "Bogan", "Bunyip" (destroyed by fire in 1863, along with its barges), "Ariel", "Nil Desperandum", "Corowa", "Waragery", "Tyro", and "Ruby". Wentworth, New South Wales was Randell's base for two decades until the 1870s, as he supervised the expansion of his fleet and the burgeoning of trade on the Murray-Darling.
Randell built a residence "Bleak House", a floating dock, wharf and warehouse at Mannum. At its peak around 1860, there would be 20,000 bales of wool unloaded at Mannum and driven by horse teams to Port Adelaide.
Randell served as a Justice of the Peace from 1861 in New South Wales, and from 1873 in South Australia. With the death of his father in 1876, Randell returned to Gumeracha and had little more to do with the river trade. His son (Richard) Murray Randell took over the fleet and the title "Captain Randell".
Politics and last days
Randell represented Gumeracha in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1893 to 1899; while the oldest member of the house he regularly made the trip between his constituency and Parliament House in Adelaide.
Randell moved to North Adelaide in 1910 and died on 4 March 1911. He was survived by five sons and four daughters.
Place in history
A. T. Saunders, more perhaps than any other historian, was scathing in his denunciation of Cadell, comparing his achievements unfavourably with those of Randell in scathing terms. Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell, previously Governor of South Australia, in a lecture entitled "Australia: What it is and what it may be", delivered at the Metropolitan Hall, Dublin, on 7 May 1863, was more temperate:
"The most remarkable voyage, however, which has hitherto been made in Australia most certainly was one undertaken by Mr. William Randell. That gentleman has scarcely had justice done here, for he appears to me, from indubitable evidence, to have been the first navigator of the Murray in a steamer. Yet, as he started in the year 1853, just before a trip made by the then Lieut. Governor, accompanied by Captain Cadell – one of the most enterprising, useful, and, I may say, ubiquitous of Australian pioneers – the official éclat and general importance of the latter somewhat obscured the more modest pretensions of Captain Randell. Not merely, however, was he the first to start, despite slender means and a frail steamer – which I believe he had himself built – but he actually persevered till he got to Echuca, which is farther by several hundred miles than Swan Hill, the point reached by Captain Cadell. Again, in 1859, Mr. Randell made another ascent of the Murray, and from it went up the Darling. I was myself at the time engaged in a pioneering voyage up that river, with Captain Cadell, and we had succeeded in reaching a point at Menindie, 1,200 miles from the sea, when, as we were descending, Mr. Randell appeared with, apparently, a rather crazy and broken-winded steamer, which vastly amused the natives by its melancholy wheezing and puffing. Yet in that boat Mr. Randell not merely succeeded in getting higher than our highest point, but, owing to a fortunate flood, was enabled to reach Fort Bourke. He then passed on to one of the Darling's upper branches, called the Barwon and Namoi, and finally proceeded to a distance which, after comparing notes with him on his return, and examining the maps, I could not make out to be less, if we included the extremely tortuous windings of the rivers, than 1,800 miles from the junction of the Darling with the Murray, and therefore 2,400 miles from the sea mouth of the latter. I remembered at the time transmitting a report to that effect to the Secretary of State. Thus in a country where drought and suffering from want of water are so common, Mr. Randell made a voyage of nearly double the length, possibly, of any European river."
Family
William Randell married Elizabeth Ann "Annie" Nickels (1835 – 17 October 1924) on 24 December 1853. Their children included:
Capt. William Beavis Randell (1 June 1856 – 19 September 1917) married Hannah Finlayson (1854–1928) He was a famous motor-cyclist who held a world record in 1914.
Jessie Louise Randell (1887–1932) married Harold Sidney Metters ( – 1957) married in 1916. Harold was a grandson of Frederick Metters.
David Finlayson Metters (1919–)
John Raymond Metters (1920–)
Bruce Dudley Metters (1922–)
Elizabeth Hannah Randell (14 June 1858 – 1 December 1940) married George Frank Bradley.
Frank Randell Bradley became deputy director of Posts and Telegraphs in Sydney.
Mary Ann Randell (28 January 1860 – 17 February 1931) married Edward Kelly (1858 – 30 March 1931) on 20 July 1882, and farmed at "Sulby Glen", Cudlee Creek.
Sarah Hamlin Randell (1862 – 14 August 1902) married Rev. Robert Taylor on 15 January 1891
(Richard) Murray Randell (2 February 1863 – 6 March 1952) married Anne Florence "Florrie" McKirdy of Mannum on 3 July 1889; they lived at Myrtle Cottage, Mannum. Known as "Captain Randell", he managed the fleet of paddle steamers on the Murray for 56 years, and skippered most of them.
Wentworth Neilpo Randell (1865 – 26 January 1866)
James Percy Randell (22 April 1867 – 4 January 1914) married (Violet Sarah) Rose Bock
Rosemund Randell (13 October 1868 – 16 May 1896) married Roland Thomas Mahnke
Albert Wentworth Randell (18 September 1870 – 3 October 1923), also known as "Captain Randell", married Margaret McLean on 29 January 1891; she divorced him in 1910. He subsequently married Gertrude Hedwig Preiss (c. 1889 – 18 June 1912). He married once more, to Emma Agnes Stoeckel.
Mabel Daisy Darling Randell (15 August 1872 – 7 September 1937) married Dr. Edward Kinmont of Mannum 15 November 1894
Millicent Beatrice Swaine Randell (1875 – 3 August 1926) married William Bolitho White on 9 August 1900
Alfred Swaine Randell (c. 1879 – 7 April 1953) married Olive Marion Wicksteed on 7 October 1908
See also
PS William Randell
Contemporary flour millers of South Australia included:
John Dunn
John Darling and Son
John Hart and Henry Kent Hughes at Port Adelaide
Dr. Benjamin Archer Kent, for whom Kent Town, the site of his mill, was named.
John Ridley
Thomas Magarey, James Magarey and his son William James Magarey
Kossuth William Duncan
References
Sources
. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
http://www.psmarion.com/html/william_randell.html
Further reading
Mudie, Ian M., Riverboats Rigby, Adelaide 1961
External links
http://www.shnps.vic.edu.au/oldsite/swanhillhistory/p_s__mary_ann.htm
Members of the South Australian House of Assembly
Australian flour millers and merchants
Australian riverboat captains
Australian boat builders
1824 births
1911 deaths
Settlers of South Australia
19th-century Australian businesspeople |
56273655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20UC%20Santa%20Barbara%20Gauchos%20football%20team | 1987 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team | The 1987 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) during the 1987 NCAA Division III football season.
The Gauchos competed as an NCAA Division III independent in 1987. This was the second year for "official" NCAA football since the program disbanded after the 1971 season. From 1983 to 1985, a student-run club team existed, but games played by that team are not considered in NCAA records. The team was led by second-year head coach Mike Warren, and played home games at Campus Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of eight wins and two losses (8–2) and outscored their opponents 237–107 for the season.
Schedule
Team players in the NFL
No Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1988 NFL Draft.
Notes
References
UC Santa Barbara
UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football seasons
UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football |
3363172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huaihai%20campaign | Huaihai campaign | The Huaihai campaign (), or Battle of Hsupeng (), was one of the military conflicts in the late stage of the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China. The campaign started when the People's Liberation Army (PLA) launched a major offensive against the Kuomintang headquarters in Xuzhou on 6 November 1948, and ended on 10 January 1949 when the PLA reached the north of the Yangtze.
Background
After the fall of Jinan to the Communists on 24 September 1948, the PLA began planning for a larger campaign to engage the remaining Nationalist forces in the Shandong province and their main force in Xuzhou. In face of the rapidly deteriorating military situation in the Northeast, the Nationalist government decided to deploy on both sides of the Tianjin–Pukou Railway to prevent the PLA from advancing south toward the Yangtze River.
PLA strategy
Su Yu, the acting commander of the Eastern China Field Army proposed an operational plan to the Communist war council. The plan was to encircle the Nationalist Sixth and Seventh Army, which were still stationed in the Shandong province. The council quickly approved this plan and ordered the Central Plains Field Army under Liu Bocheng, Chen Yi (Commander of the Eastern China Field Army and liaison to the Central Plains Field Army) and Deng Xiaoping (Political Commissar of the Central Plains Field Army) to assault the Nationalist garrison in Henan and Anhui to breakthrough to Shandong.
Campaign
Encirclement of Xuzhou (6–22 November 1948)
As the Nationalist Sixth and Seventh Army began retreating to Xuzhou by crossing the grand canal, they were behind their original schedule. Lieutenant General Huang Baitao of the Seventh Army had to wait for three days before troops from the Ninth Pacification Zone arrived, and consequently several bridgeheads were unsecured prior to the crossing. On 8 November, 23,000 Nationalist troops defected to the Communist side, exposing the retreat route of the Seventh Army back to Xuzhou. 70,000 men of the PLA marched on and surrounded the main forces of the Seventh Army east of Xuzhou, and intercepted the remaining Nationalist forces as they were crossing the river. Du Yuming, the commander of the Nationalist garrison in Xuzhou, decided to attack the Central Plains Field Army and capture the key railway checkpoints to break the siege on the Seventh Army. However, Chiang Kai-shek and Liu Zhi overruled his plan as being too risky and ordered the Xuzhou Garrison to rescue the 7th army directly. The communists anticipated this move from good intelligence and correct reasoning, deployed more than half of the Eastern China Field Army to blocking the relief effort. More importantly, Lieutenant General Qiu Qingquan, commander of the 2nd Army, had a personal feud with Huang Baitao and mistrusted the faulty intelligence he had been given in previous battles, and did not commit his elite American-trained 5th corps into battle. The 13th Army commanded by Lieutenant General Li Mi did try but was blocked by the communists. The 7th army managed to hold out for 16 days without supplies and reinforcement and inflicted 49,000 casualties on the PLA forces before being destroyed. Huang Baitao committed suicide in his headquarters on November 22, 1948.
Shuangduiji campaign (23 November – 15 December 1948)
With the Seventh Army no longer in existence, the east flank of Xuzhou were completely exposed to Communist attack. The Communist sympathizer in the Nationalist government managed to persuade Chiang to move the Nationalist headquarters to the south. In the meanwhile, the Communist Central Plains Field Army intercepted the Nationalist Twelfth Army led by Huang Wei coming from Henan as an reinforcement. General Liu Ruming's Eighth Army and Lieutenant General Li Yannian's Sixth Army tried to break the Communist siege but to no avail. The Twelfth Army also ceased to exist after nearly a month of bloody conflicts, with many newly taken Nationalist prisoners of war joining the Communist forces instead. Only Huang's deputy commander, Lieutenant General Hu Lien, riding in an armored tank, managed to penetrate the communist encirclement with 8,000 survivors, but was badly wounded in the breakout. Chiang Kai-shek tried to save the 12th army and ordered the three armies still under the Suppression General Headquarters of Xuzhou Garrison to turn southeast and relieve the 12th army before it was too late on November 30, 1948. However, the PLA forces caught up with them and they were encircled only 9 miles from Xuzhou.
Fall of Xuzhou (23 December 1948 – 10 January 1949)
On December 15, the day which the 12th army was wiped out, the 16th army under General Sun Yuanliang broke out from the communist encirclement on its own. Although Sun himself made it safely back to Nanjing, most of his officers and soldiers were killed or captured in the process. Du Yuming decided to hold out as Chiang had ordered. As one of the ablest strategists in the ROC army, Du Yuming came up with three different options for the current hopeless situation: first, recall the ROC troops in Xi'an and Wuhan to battle the communists; second, to wait for reinforcements; and the third was to break out on their own. He was disappointed when Chiang chose the riskiest one: order them to break out. There was more than a month of heavy snowfalls, which made the ROC air forces unable to provide air support to the besieged ground units. As food and ammunition diminished, many ROC soldiers killed their horses to feed themselves and communist forces used food to entice the ROC forces to surrender; about 10,000 did so. On January 6, 1949, communist forces launched a general offensive on the 13th army and remnants of the 13th army withdrew to 2nd army's defense area. Four days later, communist forces captured General Du Yuming; General Qiu Qinquan shot himself while trying to break out with his troops; only General Li Mi was able to escape back to Nanjing. The 6th and 8th armies of ROC retreated to the south of Huai river, and the campaign was over.
Aftermath
The heavy losses suffered by Whampoa-trained troops under the direct command of Chiang significantly weakened the position of Chiang in the Nationalist government. With pressure from former political rivals such as Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi, Chiang announced his temporary retirement. As the PLA approached the Yangtze, the momentum shifted completely toward the Communist side. Without effective measures against PLA advance across the Yangtze, the Nationalist government in Nanjing began losing their support from the United States, as American military aid gradually came to a stop.
Films
In the 1980s, the CCP made three epic war movies called the Three Great Campaigns to commemorate their victories and propagate the view that they created a new China based on communism. The 2007 film Assembly was also based on the Huaihai campaign. More recently the Shanghai Film Studio (上海电影制片厂) made the 2009 film, The Founding of a Republic to commemorate the 60th year of the CCP; there was a scene dedicated to this campaign, also Assembly was initially set on this part of campaign, which the protagonist's group was sacrificed to save the whole regiment.
References
Citations
Sources
Conflicts in 1948
Conflicts in 1949
Campaigns of the Chinese Civil War
1948 in China
1949 in China
History of Shandong
History of Jiangsu |
1708067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Lewis%20%28soldier%29 | Andrew Lewis (soldier) | Andrew Lewis (October 9, 1720 – September 26, 1781) was an Irish-born American pioneer, surveyor, military officer and politician in Colonial Virginia and during the American Revolutionary War. A colonel of militia during the French and Indian War, and brigadier general in the American Revolutionary War, his most famous victory was the Battle of Point Pleasant in Dunmore's War in 1774, although he also drove Lord Dunmore's forces from Norfolk and Gwynn's Island in 1776. He also helped found Liberty Hall (later Washington and Lee University) in 1776.
Early and family life
Lewis was born in County Donegal, Ireland, to Col. John Lewis (d. 1762) and his wife Margaret Lynn. In 1732 John Lewis, having killed his landlord in an altercation, fled to Virginia with his sons Andrew and Thomas. They became among the first settlers in then vast western Augusta County, John Lewis having received a large land grant before emigrating.
Andrew Lewis received a basic education and learned the skills of a surveyor. He spent at least fifteen years farming and working as a surveyor in southwestern Virginia. In 1751 he and his father explored much of the Greenbrier District of Augusta County (which much later became later Greenbrier County, West Virginia). John Lewis named the Greenbrier River after getting stuck in a patch of the thorny plant. Andrew Lewis also served as county lieutenant and later captain in the Augusta County militia.
Early in the 1740s Andrew Lewis married Elizabeth Givens, daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Cathey) Givens, formerly of County Antrim, Ireland. They established their own home, called Richfield, in what later became Roanoke County near Salem. Their children included: Samuel (c.1748-1763), John (1750–1788), Thomas (1752–1800), Andrew Jr. (1759–1844), Anna (who married Andrew Lambert (1768-1845))), William (1764–1812) and Charles (c.1768-1781). Their granddaughter Agatha Strother (1779-1852), married Elijah McClanahan.
French and Indian War
The Virginia frontier became a battleground in the French and Indian War, as did the frontiers of the more northerly colonies of Pennsylvania (which like Virginia also claimed land west of the Appalachian Mountains) and Maryland (whose boundary ended at the Appalachians). Virginia organized provincial troops to defend settlers subject to attacks by Indians upset at encroachments into their territories; Lewis became a captain in George Washington's Virginia Regiment. After the loss at the Battle of Great Meadows in 1754, Washington was forced to surrender to the French. Lewis was then at Fort Necessity (now in Pennsylvania) and likewise retreated eastward across the Appalachians.
Washington proposed a series of frontier fortifications to protect settlers east of the Appalachians. Lewis initially built Fort Dinwiddie on the Jackson River of present-day Bath County, but was relieved of his command September 21, 1755. The Virginia assembly soon approved Lewis' promotion to major and assigned him to oversee the region along the Greenbrier River. On February 18, 1756, Lewis led the Big Sandy expedition from Fort Frederick with a mixed force of militiamen and Cherokees to raid the Shawnee towns along the Big Sandy and Ohio rivers to retaliate for Shawnee attacks. Lewis led several expeditions against both Indian settlements and French outposts. During the Forbes Expedition, Lewis was captured during Major James Grant's attack on Fort Duquesne in September 1758. Taken to Quebec, Lewis remained a prisoner until late 1759.
Between wars
The Proclamation of 1763 officially restricted Virginia's western expansion across the Appalachians, but Lewis continued his hunting and exploration trips into what later became West Virginia. When relative peace returned, Lewis entered politics. Three years after the formation of Botetourt County from Augusta County in 1769, Botetourt County voters elected Lewis and John Bowyer as their part-time representatives in the House of Burgesses and reelected the pair several times before 1780, though the grueling travel to Williamsburg or later Richmond, as well as the American Revolution precluded much attendance in later years.
In 1774, Virginia's Governor Dunmore led a force to Fort Pitt and into the Ohio Country, in what became known as Dunmore's War. Lewis, now promoted to colonel, led a second force by a more southern route. Shawnee Chief Cornstalk attacked Lewis' force while it was camped at the Ohio River crossing at Point Pleasant. Lewis' victory in the Battle of Point Pleasant on October 10, 1774, secured his military reputation.
Lewis became one of the founding trustees of Liberty Hall, formerly the Augusta Academy, along with his brother Thomas Lewis, Samuel McDowell, Sampson Mathews, George Moffett, William Preston, and James Waddel. In 1776 the academy was renamed in a burst of revolutionary fervor and relocated to Lexington, Virginia. Chartered in 1782 by the new Commonwealth of Virginia, Liberty Hall was again renamed, to Washington College. After the American Civil War it became Washington and Lee University, and is now the nation's ninth oldest institution of higher education.
American Revolution
When the American Revolution began, Governor Dunmore suspended Virginia's legislature. The Whigs (soon to become American rebels) formed a provisional Virginia legislature, which included both Andrew Lewis (from Botetourt County) and his brother Thomas (from Augusta County) as delegates. When the Continental Congress created a Continental Army in 1775 and made George Washington its commander, he asked that Lewis be made a brigadier general. Initially the Continental Congress had decided there should be only one general from each state, and the more experienced Charles Lee became Virginia's only commissioned Brigadier General.
In March 1776, Lewis became a brigadier general, overseeing Virginia's defense and raising men for the Continental Army. Virginia's Committee of Safety called on Lewis to stop Governor Dunmore's raids along the coast from his last stronghold, a fortified position on Gwynn's Island in the Chesapeake Bay. On July 9, 1776, Lewis led Virginia's forces which captured the island as Lord Dunmore escaped by sea, sailing to the Caribbean, never to return. Thus Lewis protected Norfolk and the Hampton Roads area.
On April 15, 1777, Lewis resigned his commission, citing poor health. He also faced discontent among his men as well as in the army as a whole. Lt. Thomas Townes, present at Gwynn's Island, wrote, "Lewis who after the enemy (Lord Dunmore) were vanquished proved a traitor & suffered them to escape". Moreover, Lewis was bypassed when promotions were announced for Major General in early 1777. George Washington, in need of every able officer, expressed his disappointment to Lewis, who replied, "In my last I intimated to your Excellency the impossibility of my remaining in a disagreeable situation in the army. My being superseded must be viewed as an implicit impeachment of my character. I therefore requested a court of inquiry into my conduct. I believe the time is now at hand, when I can leave this department without any damage to the public interest. When that is the case, I will wait on your Excellency, not doubting my request will be granted, and that I shall be able to acquit myself of every charge, which malice or envy can bring against me." March 17, 1777.
Later years and death
Botetourt County voters continued to support Lewis and in 1780 elected him to the Virginia House of Delegates following formation of the Commonwealth, though his service proved brief because later that year, Governor Thomas Jefferson appointed him to the Executive Council. The following year, Lewis fell ill while returning home from a council meeting; he died of fever in Bedford County near Lynchburg on September 26. His remains were returned for burial in the family plot at his home, where his grave site was unmarked. Colonel Elijah McClanahan, who married Lewis' granddaughter, Agatha Lewis McClanahan, attended his funeral as a young man, and later identified his grave to Roanoke County's Clerk of the Court. In 1887 General Lewis' remains were re-interred in the East Hill Cemetery at Salem, Virginia.
Legacy
Lewisburg, West Virginia, is named after Andrew Lewis.
A statue of Lewis is among those honoring Virginia patriots (including Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, George Mason, Thomas Nelson, and John Marshall) on Richmond's Washington Monument in Capitol Square.
A memorial at the Salem Civic Center in Salem, Virginia, features a statue of Lewis next to a cannon.
Andrew Lewis High School, now Andrew Lewis Middle School, opened in 1931 in Salem. Some residents petitioned unsuccessfully for the new high school in Salem to bear Andrew Lewis' name, but it opened in 1977 as Salem High School.
On March 13, 2001, the General Assembly of Virginia designated the portion of Interstate 81 that traverses Rockbridge, Botetourt, and Roanoke Counties, and the city of Salem as the "Andrew Lewis Memorial Highway."
The Tri-State Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America named its reservation in Ona, West Virginia (near Huntington) after the general.
References
Further reading
Johnson, Patricia G., General Andrew Lewis of Roanoke and Greenbrier. Walpa Publications,1980, .
External links
"Andrew Lewis: A Hero of Salem and Virginia", from the Salem [Virginia] Educational Foundation and Alumni Association
"Andrew Lewis Memorial Highway", from the Virginia Historical Society
The George Washington Equestrian Monument, with pictures of the Andrew Lewis statue on Capitol Square
1720 births
1781 deaths
Continental Army generals
Continental Army officers from Virginia
House of Burgesses members
People of Virginia in the French and Indian War
People from County Donegal
People in Dunmore's War
Virginia colonial people
British America army officers
People from Salem, Virginia
18th-century American politicians |
69160028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolate%20Sip%C3%A9rius | Consolate Sipérius | Consolate Sipérius (born 20 March 1989), is a Burundian-Belgian actress particularly active in French cinema and theatre.
Personal life
Sipérius was born on 20 March 1989 in Burundi.
Career
In 2012, she graduated from the Royal Conservatory of Mons with an Arts degree. Then she performed in many theatre plays Le Philosophe et le Perroquet, Voici Électre!, Flash Flow IV, Éclipse totale, Georges Dandin in Afrika, Crever d'amore, Mitleid: Die Geschichte des Maschinengewehrs and The Children of the Sun under many renowned Belgian and European directors, such as: Dolorès Oscari, Sue Blackwell, Anne Thuot, Céline Delbecq, Guy Theunissen, Brigitte Bailleux, Frédéric Dussenne, Milo Rau and Christophe Sermet.
For her role in the play Éclipse totale, she was nominated for the Critics' Prize in the Female Hope category in 2014. In 2016, she made film debut with the feature La Route d'Istambul directed by Rachid Bouchareb. In 2018, she acted in the film Family. In September 2021, she played in the play Patricia by Geneviève Damas, adapted and directed by Frédéric Dussenne.
References
Living people
French film actresses
Burundian people
Belgian stage actresses
1989 births |
68064709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govindasamy%20Rajasekaran | Govindasamy Rajasekaran | Govindasamy Rajasekaran (born 1941 or 1942) is a Malaysian former trade union leader.
Rajasekaran was the founding general secretary of the Malaysian Metal Industry Employees' Union in 1963. The union affiliated to the Malaysian Trade Union Congress (MTUC), of which Rajasekaran was elected as deputy general secretary in 1980, and then general secretary in 1992.
The MTUC was in turn affiliated to the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), and Rajasekaran was elected as president of the ICFTU Asia and Pacific Regional Organisation in 2005. Under his leadership, it merged with the Brotherhood of Asian Trade Unions to form the ITUC-Asia Pacific, and Rajasekaran remained president until his retirement, in 2015.
References
1940s births
Living people
Malaysian trade unionists |
9531775 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe%20%28disambiguation%29 | Goethe (disambiguation) | Goethe usually refers to the German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832).
Goethe may also refer to:
Goethe (surname)
Goethe (grape), grape variety
Goethe (train), an express train formerly operated in France and Germany
3047 Goethe, asteroid
Goethe!, a 2010 film by Philipp Stölzl
Mount Goethe, a mountain in California
See also
Goethe University Frankfurt
Goethe-Institut, non-profit organisation
Goethe Awards
Goethe Prize
Goethe Medal
Goethe Basin
Gote (disambiguation) |
39787751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphryne%20undosata | Epiphryne undosata | Epiphryne undosata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
Taxonomy
This species was first described by Baron Cajetan von Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875 as Cidaria undosata.
Description
Hudson described the species as follows:
Host plants
Adult E. undosata feed from the flowers and assist with the pollination of Dracophyllum acerosum and Hebe salicifolia.
References
Moths of New Zealand
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Cidariini
Moths described in 1875 |
10748328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotho%20parts%20of%20speech | Sotho parts of speech | The Sesotho parts of speech convey the most basic meanings and functions of the words in the language, which may be modified in largely predictable ways by affixes and other regular morphological devices. Each complete word in the Sesotho language must comprise some "part of speech."
There are basically twelve parts of speech in Sesotho. The six major divisions are purely according to syntax, while the sub-divisions are according to morphology and semantic significance.
As a rule, Bantu languages do not have any prepositions or articles. In Sesotho, locatives are inflected substantives and verb imperatives are treated as interjectives. The division of the four qualificatives is dependent solely on the concords that they use. Cardinals are nouns but are given a separate section below.
In form, some parts of speech (adjectives, enumeratives, some relatives, some possessives, and all verbs) are radical stems which need affixes to form meaningful words; others (copulatives, most possessives, and some adverbs) are formed from full words by the employment of certain formatives; the rest (nouns, pronouns, some relatives, some adverbs, all ideophones, conjunctives, and interjectives) are complete words themselves which may or may not be modified with affixes to form new words. Therefore, the term "word classes" instead of the somewhat more neutral "parts of speech" would have been somewhat of a misnomer.
Nouns
Pronouns
There are four main types of pronouns in Sesotho: absolute, demonstrative, quantitive, and qualificative. Each pronoun is a complete word and may stand in place of the noun or right next to it (for emphasis).
Concords are NOT pronouns. Concords are usually mandatory in certain places while pronouns are often not. Pronouns cannot be used in place of concords. Pronouns are complete words while concords are strictly affixes.
Absolute pronouns
These merely stand in place of nouns and say nothing else about them. They are formed from the pronominal concord of the noun (Doke & Mofokeng claims that the pronominal concord is actually derived from the absolute pronoun) plus the suffix -na. Note that any affixes attached to the pronoun do not change its form.
The tone pattern is [ _ ¯ ].
wena o batla eng? ('you, what do you want?') (the pronoun is merely used for emphasis)
When a verb has two objects, the second object cannot be indicated in Sesotho by a concord:
ke ba1 bontshitse yona2 ('I showed it2 to them1') .
Demonstrative pronouns
Sesotho has three positional types of pronouns (1 less than many other Bantu languages; the missing one being the 3rd. form "this here") each in two forms.
When the relative concord is used to form the demonstrative pronouns it appears with a more natural high tone instead of the irregular extra-high allotone. However, in the rarely used first form of the first demonstrative it appears with a low tone.
The first demonstrative
The first demonstrative signifies "this" indicating proximity to the speaker. It corresponds to Bantu 1st. position.
The first form has tone pattern [ _ ¯ ] and is formed by suffixing the relative concord with the vowel in the class prefix (the exception being class 1(a) using eo, due to its irregular concords, and class 9 uses ee). This pronoun is not very commonly used.
dintja tsee ('these dogs')
In common speech they are often simply shortened to the first syllable, and there is at least one commonly used formation where the pronoun for the first person singular is used as an enclitic.
ke nna o ('here I am')
The second form has tone pattern [ ¯ ¯ ] and is formed by suffixing -na to the relative concord (the exception being class 1(a) enwa, but it appears as ona in non-standard speech). These words have an irregular stress which falls on the final syllable.
batho ba ('these people')
The second demonstrative
The second demonstrative signifies "that" indicating relative distance from the speaker. It corresponds to Bantu 2nd. position.
The first form has tone pattern [ ¯ _ ] and suffixes -o to the relative concord.
sefofane seo ('that airplane') .
This form is the one employed in indirect relative constructions
lesedi leo ke le bokellang ('the data which I am collecting')
The second form has tone pattern [ ¯ ¯ ] and suffixes -no to the relative concord.
morero ono ('that purpose')
The third demonstrative
The third demonstrative signifies "that yonder" indicating distance from both parties. It corresponds to Bantu 4th. position.
The first form has tone pattern [ ¯ ¯ ] and is formed by suffixing -ane to the relative concord. In this case the a interacts strongly with the vowel in the concord.
koloi yane ('that car there')
setshwantsho sane ('that picture there')
The second form has tone pattern [ ¯ _ ] and is formed somewhat irregularly from the relative concord. The suffix is -la which changes to -le if the concord ends with an a. Class 1(a) has an irregular pronoun with elwa (but it appears as ole in non-standard speech). In common speech -le is used throughout.
naledi ela ('that star there')
Quantitative pronouns
While many other Bantu languages have several quantitative pronouns, Sesotho only has the -hle ('all') form. It has tone pattern [ ¯ ¯ ] and is formed from the pronominal concord for nouns (singular persons use class 1's concords and plural persons use class 2's concords).
letsatsi lohle ('the whole day')
Qualificative pronouns
Qualificative pronouns are qualificatives used substantivally in a sentence. They are basically formed when a qualificative is used without the substantive, or if it appears before the substantive.
Dikoloi tse ntle ('the beautiful cars') → tse ntle di fihlile (The beautiful ones [cars] have arrived')
Adjectives
Adjectives are qualificatives used with the adjectival concords.
In the Bantu languages, the adjectives form a closed class (with some languages having no proper adjectives at all). Sesotho has a rather large number of adjectives due to the included colour adjectives. It has about 50 adjectives which may be divided into two categories:
Common adjectives
Common adjectives are miscellaneous in nature and number about 20. The numbers 2 to 5 belong to this category.
{| class = "wikitable" width = "500
|+Example common adjectives!Stem||English meaning(s)
|-
| -be||'bad'
|-
| -holo||'big'
|-
| -ng||'other'
|-
| -bedi||'two'
|-
| -lelele, -telele||'tall', 'long'
|-
| -tshehadi||'female'
|-
| -nyane, -nyenyane||'small', 'few'
|-
| -tle||'beautiful'
|-
| -kae?||'how much?'
|-
| -ngata||'many'
|}
Many of these adjectives are very ancient and exist in almost every Bantu language (sometimes as relatives).
Colour adjectives
Colour adjectives are a bit more numerous and indicate basic colours and animal colour patterns. These are responsible for the unusually large number of adjectives in Sesotho, since most other Bantu languages have the colours as relatives instead.
Notes:
The adjective -tala means "green/blue", while the relative -tala (pronounced exactly the same) means "unripe." The two meanings are related.
mokopu o motala ('a green pumpkin'), mokopu o tala ('a raw pumpkin')The s of the adjective -sootho and the r of the adjective -rolo are never nasalized with class 8, 9, and 10 nouns.Adjectives beginning with do not undergo nasalization either. -fubedu is nasalized irregularly to -kgubedu, though it is very common to hear just the nasalized form used with all nouns.The adjective -ng is not to be confused with the enumerative -ng ('one') which has a different tone. Like the enumerative, it is also irregular. It appears nasalised as -nngwe with class 9 (it is simply -ng for all other classes). Also, for the di- / di[N]- classes it uses the irregular (though normal in Setswana) concord tse di[N]- instead tse [N]-.
dipodi tse ding ('some goats')
dipodi tse ngata ('many goats'), (Setswana dipodi tse dingata)
E.g.:
Borale bo bongata ('a large amount of [iron] ore')
Setshiro se sesehla ('a yellow mask')
Letsoho le letona ('the right [lit. male] hand')
Relatives
Relatives are qualificatives used with the relative concords.
In the Bantu languages, the relatives form an open class and are the primary qualificatives used. Relative clauses are also used with the relative concords.
There are two types of relative stems:
Stems which seem to be radical in nature, and from which abstract nouns in class 14 may be formed.
Certain nouns unchanged in form.
Examples of both types follow below:
The relative -tala is not to be confused with the adjective -tala.
E.g.:
mawa a tjhatsi ('simple strategies')
mokgahlelo o boholkwa ('an important phase')
malakabe a bohale ('fierce flames')
Verbs can be used in very short relative clauses, although these are not considered proper relative stems:
ho tsofala ('to become old') → monna ya tsofetseng ('an old man')
Enumeratives
In the Bantu languages, enumeratives are a category of qualificatives generally having some significance of enumeration. They are distinguished from other qualificatives by the fact that they use the enumerative concord.
In many Bantu languages the first five numerals belong to this category, but in Sesotho only the numeral 1 is an enumerative (the second to fifth are adjectives).
Sesotho has three basic enumeratives, divided into two types ("weak" or "strong"):
The strong enumerative stems use the strong form of the enumerative concord, and the weak stems use the weak form.
The numeral -ng has a special form with class 9 nouns where it appears as -nngwe (thus the numeral). It is always preceded by one of two constructions:
The participial copulative
mooki a le mong ('one nurse')
baoki ba le bang ('the nurses only') the relative
mooki ya mong ('one nurse')
This stem should not be confused with the adjective -ng ('some') which has a high tone and is used as a normal adjective:
mooki e mong ('some nurse')
The other enumeratives are used regularly using the enumerative concord:
ke moreana mong? ('what type of medicine is this?')
ke moreana ofe? ('which medicine is this?')
ke moreana osele! ('it's the wrong medicine!') -fe may also be used in a particular construction (repeated and with the conjunctive enclitic le-) to mean "any":
selemo sefe le sefe ('any year')
Possessives
Possessives are qualificatives used with the possessive concords.
The direct possessive
The direct possessive occurs when the concord agrees with the possessee, while the stem indicates the possessor.
Pronominal possessive stems agree with the possessee. Sesotho has these only for the singulars of the first and second persons and class 1(a) (third person) nouns; the other nouns and persons used the full absolute pronouns to indicate possession.
E.g.:
sefahleho sa ka ('my face')
sefahleho sa yona ('its face' [class 9])
-eso ('of my people'), -eno ('of your people'), and -bo ('of his/her people') indicate collective possession. The vowels in the stems coalesce with the vowel in the possessive concord, changing the vowel quality:
dinku tseno ('your sheep')
Prefixing ha- to these stems gives -heso ('of my family/community'), -heno ('of your family/community'), and -habo ('of his/her family/community'). Coalescence occurs again:
dinku tsa heno ('your family's sheep')
The possessive concord with nouns
The possessive concord with nouns is used to directly indicate the possessor. The construction is possessee, concord + possessor. The concord may also be used with demonstrative and qualificative pronouns.
E.g.:
leihlo la ngwana ('the child's eye')
ho rata ha ntate ('my father's love')
mongolo wa bana ('the handwriting of these' class 2[a]')
The descriptive possessive
The descriptive possessive occurs when the concord agrees with the possessor of some descriptive quality, which cannot be prononomial. In this case the possessor, being a noun, is used to describe the possessee.
This happens less commonly in Sesotho than in many other Bantu languages (the relative use being preferred instead), but there are still numerous instances of its use:
thipa ya tshepe ('an iron knife)
mokotla wa poone ('a sack of mealies')
monna wa sefofu ('a blind man [lit. "man of a blind person"]')
selemo sa bone ('the fourth year)
Cardinals
Bantu languages tend to use a quinary counting system with six basic numbers, the other four being miscellaneous.
Here is a comparison between the first ten cardinals in some Bantu languages:
{| class = "wikitable"
|+Numerals in several Bantu languages
!No.||Sesotho||Tswana||Swahili||Zulu||Ganda
|-
|1.|| nngwe||ngwe||moja||ukunye||emu|-
|2.|| pedi||pedi||mbili||isibili||bbiri|-
|3.|| tharo||tharo||tatu||kuthathu||ssatu|-
|4.|| nne||nne||nne||okune||nnya|-
|5.|| hlano||tlhano||tano||isihlanu||ttaano|-
|6.|| tshelela||thataro||sita||isithupa||mukaaga|-
|7.|| supa||supa||baba||isikhombisa||musanvu|-
|8.|| robedi||robedi||nane||isishiyagalombili||munaana|-
|9.|| robong||robong||tisa||isishiyagalokunye||mwenda|-
|10.|| leshome||shome||kumi||ishume||kumi|}
Notes:
The six basic numbers are 1 to 5, and 10.
As in many Bantu languages, numbers 2 to 5 are adjectives (in many others they are enumeratives); the number 10 is a relative. In Sesotho, all the other numbers are relatives derived from verbs indicating gestures (e.g. 7 is derived from "to point").
The above are the cardinal (counting) forms, derived from the adjectival forms (for 2 to 5); in particular, the forms in the Sotho–Tswana languages are nasally permuted.
In Sesotho, nngwe is a variant (allomorph) of the adjective stem -ng used only for Class 9 nouns. The use of the number "one" in Sesotho is different from the other Sotho–Tswana languages, because the Sesotho -ng is an irregular enumerative which behaves sometimes like an adjective and can therefore become a noun.
Verbs
Copulatives
A copulative is a word which does the work of a predicative, and which is formed from some other part of speech by modification of a prefix or concord, or by means of some formative addition.
Complete predicates and sentences may be formed with substantives, qualificatives, or adverbs without employing any verbs, according to definite rules. These copulatives generally take the place of the verb "to be" in English. In Sesotho, there are also conjugations of the copulative using verbs ( -ba, -le, and -na, as well as their inflected forms) giving meanings of "to become" and "to have."
Forming the copulative
There are six basic rules, used in differing situations to form the most basic copulatives. The first two rules do not use any verbs (the zero copula) using only changes in tone and/or the copulative formative ke-. The other rules employ the irregular verb -le.
The rules may be classed into 3 categories (plain predication or zero copula, participial, past relative clause participial) and each category may be further divided into 2 groups (all persons with qualificatives and adverbs and 1st. and 2nd. persons substantives, versus 3rd. person substantives). Each rule further has its own unique negative.
SC indicates the subjectival concord, CB is the copulative base, RC is the relative concord, and DE is the demonstrative element. This is one instance where the relative concords for the 1st. and 2nd. persons may be used.
Note that the participial sub-mood is the basis for all relative clause constructions (used in rules 3 to 6).
Rule 1: To form copulatives from qualificatives and adverbs, with all persons and classes as subjects, and from substantives with 1st. and 2nd. person subjects, the subjectival concord is prefixed to the unchanged word or word-base. The prefix ha is used in the negative. It also has a definite tone pattern which avoids ambiguity with plain uses of qualificatives.
In the case of adjectives, the subjectival concord takes the place of the "relative" part of the adjectival concord (that is, with the exception of the di[N]- classes, the adjective assumes the class prefix of the noun). Note that there is no downstep between the two words and that high toned subjectival concords cause any following noun prefix to be raised to a high tone (due to High Tone Doubling, see Sesotho tonology).
dinku tseo di ntle ('those sheep are fine')
batho bao ba baholo [ _ _ ¯ ¯ ¯ _ ] ('those people are large')
Contrast the last example with batho ba baholo [ _ _ !¯ _ ¯ _ ] ('the large people'), where the relative concord has an irregular extra-high tone and does not raise the second low tone ba, and there is a downstep between the two words which is not heard in the copulative.
In the case of relatives, the subjectival concord takes the place of the relative concord and the relative stem functions as the copulative.
mangau a hlaha ('cheetahs are wild')
batho ba botswa [ _ _ ¯ _ ¯ ] ('the people are lazy')
Contrast the last example with batho ba botswa [ _ _ !¯ _ ¯ ] ('the lazy people'), with a downstep and extra-high tone on the relative concord.
With the enumerative ng ('one') the subjectival concord is prefixed to the enumerative with the enumerative concord. The other enumeratives are not used in this way.
sefate se seng ('the tree is one')
With (mainly locative) adverbs the subjectival concord is simply prefixed to the adverb.
re hae ('we are home')
The first and second persons are only used with substantival bases in using this rule.
ke motho ('I am a person')
re bona ('we are them')
The negative of all these formations may be formed by simply prefixing the low toned ha-. This is exactly the same way that the negatives of most verbs in most tenses and moods are formed. Additionally, just as with verb negatives, the subjectival concord for class 1 nouns becomes a-, and all subjectival concords are high toned (not just third persons and noun classes). Note that the subjectival concord does not affect the tones of the base as in the positive.
phahlo tsa ka ha di metsi ('my clothes are not wet')
o molemo [ ¯ ¯ _ _ ] ('she is worthwhile')
ha a molemo [ _ ¯ _ _ _ ] ('she is not worthwhile')
Rule 2: To form copulatives from substantives with a third person or noun class noun, the high toned prefix ke- is used in the positive and hase- in the negative. This -se- should not be confused with the verb -se (used in the negatives of rules 3 to 6).
monna enwa ke tona-kgolo ('this man is the minister')
ntlo eo hase ya ka ('that house is not mine' [qualificative pronoun])
ke bano ('there they are')
ke motho [ ¯ _ _ ] ('he/she/it is a person')
Contrast the last example with ke motho [ _ _ _ ] ('I am a person').
Rule 3: To form participials of copulatives of qualificatives and adverbs with all persons and classes as subject, and from substantives with 1st. and 2nd. person subjects, the subjectival concord is prefixed to the verb -le preceding the copulative base. The negative uses the irregular negative -se of the verb.
leha re le basebetsi ('although we are labourers')
ha ba le molemo ('if they are worthwhile' [class 2])
ha di se ntle ('if they are not good' [class 8 or 10])
This is the usual way of using the enumerative -ng ('one').
leha selemo se le seng ('although the year is one')
Rule 4: To form participials of copulatives from substantives with a 3rd. person or noun class subject, the indefinite concord e- is prefixed to the verb -le. The negative uses the irregular negative -se of the verb.
ha e le moetapela ('if she is the leader')
leha e se ngwana'ka ('although she is not my child')
Rule 5: To form relative clauses in present time of copulatives falling under rule 3, employ the direct relative concord and suffix -ng to -le (-se in the negative).
Nna ke leng motho I who is a person
Dikgomo di leng naheng The cattle which are in the veld
Rule 6: To form relative clauses in present time of copulatives falling under rule 4, employ the indirect relative construction with a demonstrative element followed by the subjectival indicator e-, preceding the verb -le ( -se in the negative), with the relative suffix -ng.
batho bao e leng baruta-bana ('people who are teachers')
batho bao e seng makgoba ('people who are not slaves')
The indefinite concord ho-
Indefinite copulative construction is achieved by using the class 17 concord ho- prefixed to the subject. Except with adverbs of manner, this always gives a locative implication to the construction.
ho monna ka tlung ('there is a man in the house')
ha ho monna ka tlung ('There isn't a man in the house')
A more common form in the positive uses ho na le- instead of ho-. The negative of this is ha ho na ho na le dijo ka mokotleng ('there is food in the bag')
ha ho na dikgomo tse ngata ('there are not a lot of cattle' [lit. there are not cattle which are a lot])
Conjugation
Just like verbal conjugation, the conjugation possibilities of copulatives are varied and complex, with most tenses needing deficient verbs and/or infixed verbal auxiliaries. What follows is only a brief overview of some points.
There is a two way division between direct and associative forms of the conjugation. The direct forms generally mean "to become" while the associative forms mean "to have."
In the direct form the verb -ba is commonly employed. This verb is inceptive and (when used as a transitive verb) means "become" (not "is", which is indicated by the direct non-verbal copulative).
Thus there are two main aspects of the direct copulative conjugation, the inceptive and the stative. In the former -ba appears; in most multi-verbal tenses of the latter the verb -le is used, though not all tenses may conjugate in this aspect. In all there are about than 35 basic tenses in the direct inceptive, and 13 in the stative.
e bile sebini selemo se fetileng ('he became a professional singer last year')
e ne e se mohatsa wa hae ('she was not his spouse')
The associative form of the copulative conjugation generally signifies "to have" (lit. 'to be with'). It too shares a division between inceptive and stative aspects, the former using -ba with the conjunction le- (conjunctive import), and the latter using -na with le- (in the positive; the negative has no le-). This conjunctive le-, which is a prefix attached to the verb's object, is not to be confused with the copulative verb -le. In all there are about 30 basic tenses in the inceptive and 10 in the stative.
ke tla ba le ngwana ('I shall have a child')
re tla be re na le bopaki ('we shall [at some specific time] have evidence') . Note the Group I deficient verb -be used with the infix -tla- to show the continuous future positive tense, with an implication of the time being known.
A few more examples follow.
ke tla be ke sa be le kgotso ('I will [at that time] not have any peace') . Stative inceptive indicative future negative.
ha o a ka wa ba moholo ha kana ('it class 3 has never ever been as big as this') . Direct inceptive subjunctive past negative.
[kgwedi] e se e le Tshitwe ('it [the month] is now December') . Direct stative exclusive positive.
Adverbs
Adverbs are words which describe qualificatives, predicatives, or other adverbs with respect to time, place, or manner.
As in many other Bantu languages, there is a close relationship in Sesotho between adverbs and nouns, with many adverbs appearing as normal nouns and locatives of nouns being used as adverbs. However, the function of an adverb is always clearly distinct from that of a noun.
Though adverbs are obviously usually used with a predicative, there are some cases where the predicative does not appear and the adverb may be assumed to be describing a covert copulative.
Batho Pele ('people first') . The full form may be assumed to be Ke Batho Pele ('it is the people first')
Adverbs of place
Generally all adverbs of place are "locatives", which are inflected nouns and pronouns. These are formed by certain rules of inflexion listed below. They generally indicate the place at, on, in, into, from etc. which the action takes place. When used with nouns indicating time they may denote time rather than place.
The actual meaning of a locative is determined by the verb used or the context.
ba ya thabeng ('they go to the mountain')
ba tswa thabeng ('they come from the mountain')
ba dutse thabeng ('they are sitting on the mountain')
The locative merely indicates the place brought into relationship with the verb, thus the many prepositions used in English are completely unnecessary in the Sesotho language.
These are the rules for forming the locative from nouns:
Most nouns except those of class 1a suffix a low tone -ng. This suffix comes from original Proto-Bantu *-nî which results in vowel raising
lerako ('stone wall') → lerakong Non-class 1a nouns ending with a replace it with -eng. Mohla ('day') is an exception with mohlang, though its plural has a regular locative with mehleng
thaba ('mountain') → thabeng Non-class 1a nouns ending with the syllabic nasal suffix -ng as usual, resulting in two consecutive syllabic nasals nng
manong ('vultures') → manonngClass 1a nouns assume the high tone prefix ho-.
kgaitsedi ('opposite-sex sibling') → ho kgaitsediNouns indicating persons (except those in class 1a) may use either the prefix or the suffix
setloholo ('grandchild') → setloholong, ho setloholoMany nouns, such as place names and nouns indicating times are used without any modification
lehlabula ('summer')
While ho- is used to mean "at", its possessive form ha- is used to indicate "at the place of"
ke tswa ha rangwane ('I come from my younger uncle's place')
Locatives may be formed from pronouns (except the quantitative) by prefixing ho- and its possessive form ha- ba tswa ho wane motse ('they come from that town')
Furthermore, there are class 16, 17, and 18 nouns, certain forms with the prefix ko- (an irregular unchanged Proto-Bantu class 17 prefix *ku-, possibly from the Serolong dialect of Setswana), and some other nouns, all used uninflected as locative adverbs.
The adverbs indicating "here," "there," and "yonder" are simply class 18 demonstrative pronouns, using class 18 concords (instead of the more usual class 15 concords used by the three locative classes). The relative concord used to form these words does not seem to be weakened (it appears as mo- instead of the o- used with class 3).
Adverbs of time
Apart from certain locative formations with a temporal implication, many nouns and seemingly radical adverbs may be used as adverbs of time.
kgale ('a long time ago')
bosiu ('night, at night')
mantsibuya ('afternoon')
mohla ('day') ( Mehla ea Malimo [in Lesotho orthography] 'in the Days of Cannibals' is a landmark historical tale written in 1911 by Edouard Motsamai about Difaqane)
kgitla ('midnight')
Some use the high tone prefix ka- to form adverbs of time. These nouns include days of the week and months of the year. Certain other nouns which accept the suffix -ng may also take this prefix instead.
Phupu ('July') → ka Phupu ('in July')
Labone ('Thursday') → ka Labone ('on Thursday')
Adverbs of manner
Some adverbs of manner are radical in formation; others are miscellaneous formations from nouns. There are also several ways of forming adverbs of time from other parts of speech by using affixes ha-, the conjunctive le-, ka-, jwale ka- (which is a complete word followed by a prefix), the copulative ke-, etc.).
-ng ('one') → hang ('once') (also hang hang 'post-haste')
-ngata ('many') → hangata ('often')
mmoho ('together')
tjena ('thus')
ke mohlotse ka bohlale ('I defeated him with [my] genius')
ka boomo ('on purpose')
ke shwele ke tlala! ('I am dead from hunger!')
Additionally, in slightly non-standard speech, absolute pronouns may be inflected to form adverbs meaning "on X's own" by prefixing the instrumental ka- and the class 14 noun prefix bo- to the pronoun.
seo o se entseng ka bowena ('that which you did on your own')
The interrogative
The high tone adverb na may be used to mark or emphasise questions. It, and its variant forms, may appear before, after, or both before and after the complete sentence.
na o buile le yena? ('did you speak to her?')
Ideophones
An ideophone is a word, often onomatopoeic in nature, which describes the qualities of a predicative, qualificative, or adverb.
In the Bantu languages ideophones form a distinct part of speech, which resembles to a certain extent the adverb in function, but unlike which it may (in some languages) be used as a predicate. In Sesotho there are two ways of using ideophones; one involves the use of the verb ho re ("verbum dicendi") which in this case means "to express" instead of the usual "to say." The other way involves simply placing the ideophone after a verb or qualificative with the aim of intensifying its meaning.
Often when using ideophones in speech, the speaker may accompany the utterance with an action (indeed, with the ideophone mpf "of being finished completely" the action — running ones index finger very close in front of the lips — is necessary to pronounce the word properly).
ho re fi! ('to suddenly become dark'), lebone la tima fi! ('the light suddenly went out')
ho re twa! ('to be very white"0, diphahlo di tshweu twa! ('the clothes are very white')
ho re pududu ('to be gray or dirty'), o mo putswa pududu ('his is rather gray [from dirt or from not applying moisturiser after bathing]')
The verb -re when used with ideophones may take a direct object (indicated by an objectival concord). It is this verb which carries all forms of inflexion on behalf of the ideophone. Its mood, transitivity, tense, objects, aspect, etc. are all reflected in the verb -re, while the ideophone itself does not in any way change.
ho mo re mu! ('to hit him over the head with a walking stick')
e ne e re tepe! ('it was wet')
...a re funyafehle! ('...while he was completely drunk')
This illustrates that the ideophone itself is neither transitive nor intransitive, etc., and they are usually translated to English with the construction "of...."
to! ('of being alone')
Many Sesotho ideophones are radicals, and many of them are shared by many Bantu languages (such as Sesotho tu! and isiZulu du! / dwi! 'of silence'), though many are formed from other parts of speech. Indeed, it is common for a speaker to intensify the meaning of a descriptive word or verb by improvising ideophones and placing them after the word, or by simply leaving the listener to surmise the meaning from the context or accompanying action. Ideophones are often created from verbs by simply replacing the final vowel -a of the basic verb with a high toned -i.
a e tshawara tshwari!, a e re tshwari! ('he grabbed it') accompanied by the action of reaching out and quickly grasping an invisible object.
a mo re kgom! ('and he grabbed him by his shirt') accompanied by the speaker performing the action on himself.
Ideophones, being very emotional in nature, tend to not follow the phonetic rules of the language and may be pronounced in peculiar ways. For example, the stress may fall on the last or first syllable of all ideophones regardless of length, vowels may be indefinitely lengthened (), syllabic r may be heard ( therr 'of frying'), syllables may have codas ( thethengtheng 'of performing with a stop'), prenasalized consonants may occur ( kgampepe 'of running'), vowels may be devocalised ( phu 'of smelling bad'), and various consonants not found in core Sesotho may be used ( vi... 'of a thrown projectile travelling through the air in a hyperbolic path'). There is even a case of three syllabic nasals with contrasting tones pronounced with three separated air breaths (not as a very long nasal with an undulating tone) nnng [ _ ¯ _ ] ('of refusing outright').
Conjunctives
Conjunctives introduce or join up sentences.
Sesotho conjunctives may be studied from two aspects: form and function.
There are four forms of conjunctives:
Primitive conjunctives, which we may call conjunctions,
Other parts of speech unchanged in form but used as conjunctives,
Inflected forms of conjunctives and other parts of speech, and
Compounds.
There are four functions of conjunctives:
Non-influencing conjunctives which don't affect the grammatical mood of the succeeding predicate,
Conjunctives which govern the indicative mood,
Conjunctives which govern the subjunctive mood, and
Conjunctives which govern the participial sub-mood.
Forms
Conjunctions are very rare, and many may have originated from simpler forms.
ha ('if/when')
mme ('and')
kganthe ('whereas')
Other parts of speech unchanged including nouns, pronouns, adverbs, and deficient verbs (used with the indefinite concord e-) may be used as conjunctives.
ho re ('to say') → hore ('such that') (pronounced with different tones)
hola ('that over there' class 15 demonstrative pronoun) → hoja ('if only') (note the irregular palatalization)
fela ('only' [adverb]) → fela ('however') (pronounced with an irregular stressed final syllable, distinctly from the adverb)
-mpa (deficient verb implying 'may as well just') → empa ('but')
Inflected forms of conjunctives and other parts of speech may be used as conjunctives.
This may be done with certain words through the use of a handful of prefixes and suffixes.
ha ('if') → leha ('even if')
hoo (class 15 demonstrative pronoun) → kahoo ('therefore')
empa ('but') → empaneng ('but')
Compounds may also be used as conjunctives.
mohla o mong ('some day') → mohlomong ('perhaps')
Functions
Non-influencing conjunctives do not affect the mood of the following predicate. They are co-ordinating and merely form compound sentences.
ha a ntsebe ('he does not know me' indicative mood) → ke a mo tseba empa ha a ntsebe ('I know him but he does not know me')
ke tlohele ho o botsa? ('should I stop asking you?' subjunctive mood) → o tla nthusa ka mosebetsi ona kapa ke tlohele ho o botsa? ('will you help me with this work or should I stop asking you?')
Conjunctives which govern the indicative mood are followed by clauses in the indicative mood.
o itse o a mo tseba kganthe o ne a re thetsa ('he said he knew him and yet he was lying to us')
o a bona hore pula e a na ('you can see that it's raining'; this hore is pronounced with tone pattern [ _ _ ])
Conjunctives which govern the subjunctive mood are followed by (subordinate) clauses in the subjunctive mood.
le hloka ho potlaka hore le fihle ka nako ('you need to hurry up in order that you may arrive on time'; this hore is pronounced with tone pattern [ _ ¯ ])
Conjunctives which govern the participial sub-mood are followed by clauses in the participial sub-mood. Note that some of these conjunctives are followed by a pure participial form, while others are followed by a relative construction (since all relative clauses in Sesotho are in the participial sub-mood).
le ka e qeta ha le ikemiseditse ('you can finish it if you are prepared')
ba ba buletse leha ba ne ba se ba kwetse ('they opened for them although they had already closed')
o bontshitse a sa thaba kamoo a neng a bua kateng ('he showed that he was sad from the way in which he was speaking')
Interjectives
Interjectives are isolated words or groups of words of an exclamatory nature, used to express emotion, or for the purpose of calling attention, giving commands, or conveying assent or dissent. They may themselves also constitute complete sentences, without the use of predicates.
In the Bantu languages interjectives may be divided into three types:
Radical interjectives, or interjections,
Vocatives, and
Verb imperatives.
Interjections
Interjections have no grammatical or concordial bearing on the sentence; they are merely attached as appendages.
As with ideophones, their emotional nature causes some of them to be pronounced in peculiar ways, but these irregularities are not as great as those exhibited by ideophones.
dumelang! ('greetings!')
kgele! ('of astonishment')
nxa ('of contempt') (really just an isolated lateral click)
('of approval') ehee
hela! ('of calling')
itjhu! ('of pain')
tjhee ('of dissent') (the vowel is long with a very irregular low rising tone { ／ })
e'e ('of dissent') (see hiatus)
e ('of assent') (the vowel has a high falling tone { ＼ })
eish ('of being dumfounded') (this is a common interjection among all language groups in the more cosmopolitan areas of South Africa)
tanki ('of thanks') (from Afrikaans "dankie")
askies ('sorry') (from Afrikaans "ekskuus")
Vocatives
Vocatives are formed in Sesotho from nouns and 2nd. person pronouns (since all proper vocatives are naturally addressed to "the second person").
No change in form takes form in the noun.
banna! ('oh my!') (only used by men)
wena! ('hey you!')
mmao! ('your mother!') (used as an insult similar to Afrikaans jou ma!)
A suffix/clitic -towe and its plural equivalent -ting may be used to indicate an insult
molotsana towe! ('you wretched evil hag!')
The adverbial instrumental prefix ka- is used to form interjectives of oath
ka ntate ('by my father!')
Imperatives
Imperatives have neither subjects nor subjectival concords. They are 2nd. person forms, and have the same force as other interjectives, but, being verbal, they may also take objects and assume extensions.
The rules for the formation of the singular imperative are as follows:
Verbs with more than one syllable are used without any modification
matha ('run!')Most monosyllabic verbs may either suffix -a or prefix e-
-tswa ('exit') → etswa! / tswaa ('get out!')The verbs -re ('say'), -ya ('go'), and -ba only use the prefix
-re ('say') → ereThe imperative of the verb -tla ('come') is tloo
Sometimes an epenthetic h or y may be inserted between the two as or os for emphasis.
The negative may be formed in several ways:
By prefixing se- to the basic verb and changing the final -a to -e
-ja ('eat') → eja / jaa ('eat!'), se je ('do not eat!')By using se- with the infix -ka- with no change in the verb's final vowel
-kena ('enter') → se ka kena ('don't come in!')A commonly used negative, although technically not an interjective (as it contains a subjectival concord) is made by employing the (inflected) Group IV deficient verb -ke in the subjunctive mood (that is, with the "auxiliary concord" prefixed to the main verb). The above negative is most probably a contraction of this form (hence the final vowel was not changed due to the contracted concord)
bua ('speak') → o se ke wa bua ('don't say a word!')
If the first person is included in the plural subjects, the hortative prefix ha- is used in the subjunctive mood. This is an example of the cohortative mood (a form of the subjunctive)
ha re se ke ra ya ('let us rather not go')
Again in the subjunctive mood, an object may be specified in all of the above forms by an objectival concord. This is in the subjunctive mood, and so the final vowel of the verb changes to e (in the positive) e (in the negative) when the deficient verb -ke is not used
-jwetsa ('tell') → ba jwetse ('tell them!'), le se ke la ba jwetsa ('you [pl.] should not tell them!'), ha re ba jwetse ('let's tell them!')
Except for forms employing subjectival concords, the plural is formed by adding the suffix -ng to the verb (or the deficient verb -ke when it is used). This -ng may regularly result in vowel raising if the verb ends with the open vowel e
se matheng ('you [pl] must not run!')
When subjunctive tenses are used "imperatively" they are not interjectives since they have subjectival concords (and have more typical verbal tonal patterns), but note that in this case there is a distinction between singular, dual, and plural number in the 1st. person. In this case dual number is marked by the hortative prefix ha- and 1st. plural subjectival concord, and plural is marked by the prefix, the concord, and the suffix -ng to the verb (or the deficient verb -ke if it is used).
matha! ('run!') singular 2nd. person)
ha re mathe! ('let [the two of] us run!') dual 1st. person
ha re matheng! ('let us [more than two] run!') plural 1st. person
ha re se keng ra matha ('let us [more than two] not run!' plural 1st. person negative
All imperatives addressed to the 2nd. person (even if that person is included in a 1st. person plural) may be strengthened by using the enclitic -bo. This formative leaves the stress in place, thus resulting in words with stress on the antepenultimate syllable.
matha bo! ('run I say!')
Notes
References
Coupez, A., Bastin, Y., and Mumba, E. 1998. Reconstructions lexicales bantoues 2 / Bantu lexical reconstructions 2. Tervuren: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale.
Doke C. M. 1963. Text Book of Zulu Grammar. Cape Town.
Doke, C. M., and Mofokeng, S. M. 1974. Textbook of Southern Sotho Grammar. Cape Town: Longman Southern Africa, 3rd. impression. .
Tucker, A. N. 1949. Sotho-Nguni orthography and tone marking. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, pp. 200–224. University of London, Vol. 13, No. 1. (1949)
Sotho grammar |
27631527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s%20Leaving%20Who | Who's Leaving Who | "Who's Leaving Who" is a song written by Jack White and Mark Spiro, first recorded by Canadian country singer Anne Murray in 1986. It achieved bigger popularity in Europe when it was covered by British Hi-NRG singer Hazell Dean in 1988. David Hasselhoff covered the song on his 1991 album David, produced by Jack White.
Anne Murray version
The song was first recorded by Anne Murray for her Gold-plus 1986 album Something to Talk About. The song was released as the album's second single, following her Canadian and US number one country single, "Now and Forever (You and Me)". The single failed to reach the same level of success, peaking at number 93 on the Canadian singles chart, and failing to chart on the US Billboard Hot 100. Its biggest success was on the adult contemporary charts, peaking at number 15 in Canada and number 26 in the US.
Charts
Hazell Dean version
English singer Hazell Dean recorded a cover version of the song for her 1988 album, Always. The song was produced by Stock Aitken & Waterman and was reworked to suit Hazell Dean's music style as a Hi-NRG song. Released on March 21, 1988, the single surpassed the popularity of Murray's version and became Dean's biggest international success, peaking at number 4 in the UK and becoming her highest-charting single there, tied with her 1984 single "Whatever I Do (Wherever I Go)". It was her first top-40 hit in the UK in four years. When released around Europe, it also became a success, and it appeared on the US dance chart.
Impact and legacy
British magazine Classic Pop ranked the song number 14 in their list of Top 40 Stock Aitken Waterman songs in 2021, adding, "When PWL added their Hi-NRG motifs to Canadian country artist Anne Murray’s version of Who’s Leaving Who from two years earlier, the song took on Abba-esque qualities that worked like a charm. Four years had passed for Hazell without much chart success, so when this put her into the Top 40, eventually climbing into the Top 5, things were looking up. The track appeared on Dean’s Always LP (which also features Turn It Into Love) and was her most successful release internationally. Sadly for all of us, The Hoff murdered it in 1991."
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
1986 songs
1986 singles
1988 singles
Anne Murray songs
Hazell Dean songs
Song recordings produced by Stock Aitken Waterman
Songs written by Jack White
Songs written by Mark Spiro |
66094904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp%20Dread | Camp Dread | Camp Dread is a 2014 American horror film written and directed by Harrison Smith and starring Eric Roberts and Danielle Harris.
Cast
Eric Roberts as Julian Barrett
Danielle Harris as Sheriff Donlyn Eldridge
Felissa Rose as Rachel Steele
Joe Raffa as Novak
Release
The film was released on DVD on April 15, 2014.
References
External links
American films
American horror films
2014 horror films |
147368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley%20MacLaine | Shirley MacLaine | Shirley MacLaine (born Shirley MacLean Beaty, April 24, 1934) is an American actress, singer, author, activist, and former dancer. Known for her portrayals of quirky, headstrong, and eccentric women, MacLaine has received numerous accolades throughout her career spanning seven decades, including an Academy Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, two British Academy Film Awards, and six Golden Globe Awards.
Born in Richmond, Virginia, MacLaine made her acting debut as a teenager with minor roles in the Broadway musicals Oklahoma! and The Pajama Game. Following minor appearances as an understudy in various other productions, MacLaine made her film debut with Alfred Hitchcock's black comedy The Trouble with Harry (1955), winning the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress. She rose to prominence with starring roles in Around the World in 80 Days (1956), Some Came Running (1958), Ask Any Girl (1959), The Apartment (1960), The Children's Hour (1961), Two for the Seesaw (1962), Irma la Douce (1963), and Sweet Charity (1969). A six time Academy Award nominee, MacLaine won the Academy Award for Best Actress for the comedy-drama Terms of Endearment (1983). Her other prominent films include The Turning Point (1977), Being There (1979), Madame Sousatzka (1988), Steel Magnolias (1989), Postcards from the Edge (1990), The Evening Star (1996), Bewitched (2005), In Her Shoes (2005), Valentine's Day (2010), and The Little Mermaid (2018).
MacLaine has been the recipient of many honorary awards. She was awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2012, Gala Tribute from the Film Society of Lincoln Center in 1995, and Kennedy Center Honor in 2013 for her contribution to American culture, through performing arts. In 1998, she was awarded the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award.
Apart from acting, MacLaine has written numerous books regarding the subjects of metaphysics, spirituality, and reincarnation, as well as a best-selling memoir, Out on a Limb (1983).
Early life
Named after actress Shirley Temple (who was six years old at the time), Shirley MacLean Beaty was born on April 24, 1934, in Richmond, Virginia. Her father, Ira Owens Beaty, was a professor of psychology, public school administrator, and real estate agent, and her mother, Kathlyn Corinne (née MacLean), was a drama teacher, originally from Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada. MacLaine's younger brother is the actor, writer, and director Warren Beatty; he changed the spelling of his surname when he became an actor. Their parents raised them as Baptists. Her uncle (her mother's brother-in-law) was A. A. MacLeod, a Communist member of the Ontario legislature in the 1940s. While MacLaine was still a child, Ira Beaty moved his family from Richmond to Norfolk, and then to Arlington and Waverly, then back to Arlington eventually taking a position at Arlington's Thomas Jefferson Junior High School in 1945. MacLaine played baseball on an all-boys team, holding the record for most home runs, which earned her the nickname "Powerhouse". During the 1950s, the family resided in the Dominion Hills section of Arlington.
As a toddler, she had weak ankles and would fall over with the slightest misstep, so her mother decided to enroll her in ballet class at the Washington School of Ballet at the age of three. This was the beginning of her interest in performing. Strongly motivated by ballet, she never missed a class. In classical romantic pieces like Romeo and Juliet and The Sleeping Beauty, she always played the boys' roles due to being the tallest in the group and the absence of males in the class. Eventually, she had a substantial female role as the fairy godmother in Cinderella; while warming up backstage, she broke her ankle, but then tightened the ribbons on her toe shoes and proceeded to dance the role all the way through before calling for an ambulance. Ultimately she decided against making a career of professional ballet because she had grown too tall and was unable to acquire perfect technique. She explained that she didn't have the ideal body type, lacking the requisite "beautifully constructed feet" of high arches, high insteps and a flexible ankle. Also slowly realizing ballet's propensity to be too all-consuming, and ultimately limiting, she moved on to other forms of dancing, acting and musical theater.
She attended Washington-Lee High School, where she was on the cheerleading squad and acted in school theatrical productions.
Career
1955–1979
The summer before her senior year of high school, MacLaine went to New York City to try acting on Broadway, having minor success in the chorus of Oklahoma! After she graduated, she returned and was in the dancing ensemble of the Broadway production of Me and Juliet (1953–1954). Afterwards she became an understudy to actress Carol Haney in The Pajama Game; in May 1954 Haney injured her ankle during a Wednesday matinee, and MacLaine replaced her. A few months later, with Haney still injured, film producer Hal B. Wallis saw MacLaine's performance, and signed her to work for Paramount Pictures.
MacLaine made her film debut in Alfred Hitchcock's The Trouble with Harry (1955), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress. This was quickly followed by her role in the Martin and Lewis film Artists and Models (also 1955). Soon afterwards, she had a role in Around the World in 80 Days (1956). This was followed by Hot Spell and a leading role in Some Came Running (both 1958); for the latter film, she gained her first Academy Award nomination and a Golden Globe nomination.
In 1960, MacLaine starred in Billy Wilder's The Apartment (1960), alongside Jack Lemmon. The film, set in the Upper West Side, revolves around C.C. Baxter (Lemmon), an insurance clerk who allows his co-workers to use his apartment for their extramarital affairs. Baxter is attracted to the insurance company's elevator operator, Fran Kubelik (MacLaine), who is already having an affair with Baxter's boss (Fred MacMurray). A blend of romantic drama and comedy, the film received 10 Academy Award nominations, winning Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, Best Art Direction (Black and White) and Best Film Editing. Despite being the odds-on favorite, MacLaine failed to win the Best Actress award. She later said, "I thought I would win for The Apartment, but then, Elizabeth Taylor [who won] had a tracheotomy." The film, which Roger Ebert included in his 2001 Great Movies list, has become MacLaine's signature role. Charlize Theron, speaking at the 89th Academy Awards, praised MacLaine's performance as "raw and real and funny", and as making "this black and white movie feel like it's in color".
She starred in The Children's Hour (1961), also starring Audrey Hepburn and James Garner, based on the play by Lillian Hellman, and directed by William Wyler. She was again nominated, this time for Irma la Douce (1963), which reunited her with Wilder and Lemmon.
MacLaine devoted several pages in her first memoir, Don't Fall Off the Mountain (1970), to a 1963 incident in which she had marched into the Los Angeles office of The Hollywood Reporter and punched columnist Mike Connolly in the mouth. She was angered by what he had said in his column about her ongoing contractual dispute with producer Hal Wallis, who had introduced her to the movie industry in 1954 and whom she eventually sued successfully for violating the terms of their contract. The incident with Connolly garnered a headline on the cover of the New York Post on June 11, 1963. The full story appeared on page 5 under the headline “Shirley Delivers A Punchy Line” with the byline Bernard Lefkowitz.
At the peak of her success, she replaced Marilyn Monroe in two projects in which Monroe had planned, at the end of her life, to star: Irma la Douce (1963) and What a Way to Go! (1964). MacLaine worked with Michael Caine in Gambit (1966).
In 1969, MacLaine starred in the film version of the musical Sweet Charity, directed by Bob Fosse, and based on the script for Fellini's Nights of Cabiria released a decade earlier. Gwen Verdon, who originated the role onstage, had hoped to play Charity in the film version, however MacLaine won the role due to her name being more well known to audiences at the time. Verdon signed on as assistant choreographer, helping teach MacLaine the dances and leading the camera through some of the more intricate routines. MacLaine received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical nomination. The film, while not a financial success, launched Fosse's film directing career with his next film being Cabaret (1972).
Don Siegel, MacLaine's director on Two Mules for Sister Sara (1970), said of her: "It's hard to feel any great warmth to her. She's too unfeminine, and has too much balls. She's very, very hard."
MacLaine was cast as a photojournalist in a short-lived television sitcom, Shirley's World (1971–1972), co-produced by Sheldon Leonard and ITC and shot in the United Kingdom. Her documentary film The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir (1975), co-directed with Claudia Weill, concentrates on the experiences of women in China. It was nominated for the year's Documentary Feature Oscar. In 1976 MacLaine appeared in a series of concerts at the London Palladium and New York's Palace Theatre. The latter of these was released as the acclaimed live album Shirley MacLaine Live at the Palace. Co-starring with Anne Bancroft in The Turning Point (1977), MacLaine portrayed a retired ballerina much like herself; she was nominated for an Oscar as the Best Actress in a Leading Role. In 1978, she was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award for outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry.
In 1979 she starred alongside Peter Sellers in Hal Ashby's satirical film Being There. The film revolves around Chance (Sellers), a simpleminded, sheltered gardener, who becomes an unlikely trusted advisor to a powerful businessman and an insider in Washington politics, after his wealthy old boss dies. The film received widespread acclaim with Roger Ebert writing that he admired the film "for having the guts to take this totally weird concept and push it to its ultimate comic conclusion". Despite not receiving an Academy Award nomination, MacLaine received a British Academy Film Award, and Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance.
1980–present
In 1980, MacLaine starred in A Change of Seasons (1980) alongside Anthony Hopkins. The two famously did not get along with each other and the film was not a success due to what critics faulted as the screenplay. MacLaine however did receive positive notices from critics. Vincent Canby wrote in his The New York Times review that the film "exhibits no sense of humor and no appreciation for the ridiculous … the screenplay [is] often dreadful … the only appealing performance is Miss MacLaine's, and she's too good to be true. A Change of Seasons does prove one thing, though. A farce about characters who've been freed of their conventional obligations quickly becomes aimless."
In 1983, MacLaine starred in James L. Brooks's comedy-drama film Terms of Endearment (1983) playing Debra Winger's mother.
The film focuses on the strained relationship between mother and daughter over 30 years. The film also starred Jack Nicholson, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow. The film was a major critical and commercial success, grossing $108.4 million at the domestic box office and becoming the second-highest-grossing film of 1983. The film received a leading eleven nominations at the 56th Academy Awards, and won five including Best Picture. MacLaine earned her first Academy Award for her performance.
MacLaine has continued to star in major films, such as the family southern drama Steel Magnolias (1989) directed by Herbert Ross and also starring with Sally Field, Julia Roberts, and Dolly Parton. The film focuses around a bond that a group of women share in a small-town Southern community, and how they cope with the death of a loved one. The film was a box office success earning $96.8 million off a budget of $15 million. MacLaine received a British Academy Film Award for her performance. She starred in Mike Nichols' film Postcards from the Edge (1990), with Meryl Streep, playing a fictionalized version of Debbie Reynolds from a screenplay by Reynolds's daughter, Carrie Fisher. Fisher wrote the screenplay based on her book. MacLaine received another Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance.
MacLaine continued to act in films such as Used People (1992), with Jessica Tandy and Kathy Bates; Guarding Tess (1994), with Nicolas Cage; Mrs. Winterbourne (1996), with Ricki Lake and Brendan Fraser; The Evening Star (1996); Rumor Has It…(2005) with Kevin Costner and Jennifer Aniston; In Her Shoes (also 2005), with Cameron Diaz and Toni Collette; and Closing the Ring (2007), directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Christopher Plummer. She would later reunite with Plummer in the 2014 comedy film Elsa & Fred directed by Michael Radford. In 2000, she made her feature-film directorial debut, and starred in Bruno, which was released to video as The Dress Code. In 2011 MacLaine starred in Richard Linklater's dark comedy film Bernie alongside Jack Black, and Matthew McConaughey.
MacLaine has also appeared in numerous television projects, including an autobiographical miniseries based upon the book Out on a Limb; The Salem Witch Trials; These Old Broads written by Carrie Fisher and co-starring Elizabeth Taylor, Debbie Reynolds, and Joan Collins. In 2009, she starred in Coco Before Chanel, a Lifetime production based on the life of Coco Chanel which earned her Primetime Emmy Award, and Golden Globe Award nominations. She appeared in the third and fourth seasons of the acclaimed British drama Downton Abbey as Martha Levinson, mother to Cora, Countess of Grantham (played by Elizabeth McGovern), and Harold Levinson (played by Paul Giamatti) in 2012–2013.
In 2016, MacLaine starred in Wild Oats with Jessica Lange. In February 2016, it was announced that MacLaine would star in the live-action family film The Little Mermaid, based on the Hans Christian Andersen fairytale, and produced by MVP Studios.
Personal life
MacLaine was married to businessman Steve Parker from 1954 until their divorce in 1982; they have a daughter, Sachi. Their daughter has said that, when she was in her late twenties, her mother revealed her belief that an astronaut named Paul was Sachi's real father, not Steve Parker.
In April 2011, while promoting her new book, I'm Over All That, she revealed to Oprah Winfrey that she had had an open relationship with her husband. MacLaine also told Winfrey that she often fell for the leading men she worked with, with the exceptions of Jack Lemmon (The Apartment, Irma la Douce) and Jack Nicholson (Terms of Endearment). MacLaine also had long-running affairs with Lord Mountbatten whom she met in the 1960s, and Australian politician and two-time Liberal leader Andrew Peacock.
MacLaine has also gotten into feuds with such notable co-stars as Anthony Hopkins (A Change of Seasons), who said that "she was the most obnoxious actress I have ever worked with," and Debra Winger (Terms of Endearment).
MacLaine has claimed that, in a previous life in Atlantis, she was the brother to a 35,000-year-old spirit named Ramtha channeled by American mystic teacher and author J. Z. Knight.
She has a strong interest in spirituality and metaphysics, the central theme of some of her best-selling books, including Out on a Limb and Dancing in the Light. She has undertaken such forms of spiritual exploration as walking the Way of St. James, working with Chris Griscom, and practicing Transcendental Meditation.
Her well-known interest in New Age spirituality has also made its way into several of her films. In Albert Brooks's romantic comedy Defending Your Life (1991), the recently deceased lead characters, played by Brooks and Meryl Streep, are astonished to find MacLaine introducing their past lives in the "Past Lives Pavilion". In Postcards from the Edge (1990), MacLaine sings a version of "I'm Still Here", with customized lyrics created for her by composer Stephen Sondheim. One of the lyrics was changed to "I'm feeling transcendental – am I here?" In the 2001 television movie These Old Broads, MacLaine's character is a devotee of New Age spirituality.
She has an interest in UFOs, and gave numerous interviews on CNN, NBC and Fox news channels on the subject during 2007–08. In her book Sage-ing While Age-ing (2007), she described alien encounters and witnessing a Washington, D.C. UFO incident in the 1950s. On an episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show in April 2011, MacLaine stated that she and her neighbor observed numerous UFO incidents at her New Mexico ranch for extended periods of time.
Along with her brother, Warren Beatty, MacLaine used her celebrity status in instrumental roles as a fundraiser and organizer for George McGovern's campaign for president in 1972. That year, she wrote the book McGovern: The Man and His Beliefs. She appeared at her brother's concerts Four for McGovern and Together for McGovern, and she joined with Sid Bernstein to produce the woman-focused Star-Spangled Women for McGovern–Shriver variety show at Madison Square Garden.
MacLaine is godmother to journalist Jackie Kucinich, daughter of former Democratic U.S. Representative Dennis Kucinich.
On February 7, 2013, Penguin Group USA published Sachi Parker's autobiography Lucky Me: My Life With – and Without – My Mom, Shirley MacLaine. MacLaine has called the book "virtually all fiction".
In 2015, she sparked criticism for her comments on Jews, Christians, and Stephen Hawking. In particular she claimed that victims of the Holocaust were experiencing the results of their own karma, and suggested that Hawking subconsciously caused himself to develop ALS as a means to focus better on physics.
Lawsuits
In 1959 MacLaine sued Hal Wallis over a contractual dispute, a suit that has been credited with ending the old-style studio star system of actor management.
In 1966, MacLaine sued Twentieth Century-Fox for breach of contract when the studio reneged on its agreement to star MacLaine in a film version of the Broadway musical Bloomer Girl based on the life of Amelia Bloomer, a mid-nineteenth century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist, that was to be filmed in Hollywood. Instead, Fox gave MacLaine one week to accept their offer of the female dramatic lead in the Western Big Country, Big Man to be filmed in Australia. The case was decided in MacLaine's favor, and affirmed on appeal by the California Supreme Court in 1970; the case is often cited in law-school textbooks as a major example of employment-contract law.
Filmography
Film
Television
Theatre
Honors and legacy
In 1960 she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1617 Vine Street.
In 1999 was awarded the Honorary Golden Bear at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.
In 2011, the government of France made her a Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur.
In 2013, MacLaine was awarded the Kennedy Center Honors for lifetime contributions to American culture through the performing arts.
In 2017 MacLaine was featured in a segment in which Charlize Theron praised her for her work in The Apartment during the 2017 Academy Awards telecast. She later presented the Academy Award for Best International Film of the year alongside Theron.
In 2019 she won the Movies for Grown Ups with AARP the Magazine's Life Time Achievement Award.
Bibliography
(Published in Europe as: )
References
Further reading
Erens, Patricia (1978). The Films of Shirley MacLaine. South Brunswick: A. S. Barnes. .
External links
Shirley MacLaine interviewed by Ginny Dougary (2005)
Shirley Maclaine at Emmys.com
Shirley MacLaine interview on BBC Radio 4 Desert Island Discs, November 11, 1983
1934 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American biographers
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American biographers
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American women writers
Actresses from Richmond, Virginia
American dancers
American female dancers
American film actresses
American memoirists
American musical theatre actresses
American people of Canadian descent
American spiritual writers
American television actresses
American women comedians
American women memoirists
American women biographers
AFI Life Achievement Award recipients
Baptists from New York (state)
Baptists from Virginia
Best Actress Academy Award winners
Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners
Best Foreign Actress BAFTA Award winners
Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners
Cecil B. DeMille Award Golden Globe winners
Dancers from New York (state)
David di Donatello winners
Honorary Golden Bear recipients
New Age writers
New Star of the Year (Actress) Golden Globe winners
Kennedy Center honorees
Paramount Pictures contract players
People from Arlington County, Virginia
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Silver Bear for Best Actress winners
Singers from Virginia
Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners
Writers from Richmond, Virginia
Washington-Liberty High School alumni |
35673842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Brossel | Jean Brossel | Jean Brossel (15 August 1918 – 4 February 2003) was a French physicist known for his work on quantum optics. He was born and died in Périgueux.
Brossel passed the entrance exam for l'École normale supérieure (ENS) 1938, but then was for two years a soldier. From 1941 to 1945 he studied at the ENS under Alfred Kastler and then went to the group of Samuel Tolansky in Manchester spending the years 1945–1948 and in 1948 to Francis Bitter at MIT. In 1951 for work done at MIT, Brossel received his PhD in Paris under Kastler with a thesis on the application of double resonance methods (developed by Kastler and him) to the study of the excited states of Hg. After completing his PhD, Brossel was attaché des recherches and then Maître de Recherches at CNRS. In 1955 he became a professor at the Faculté des Sciences in Paris (and later a professor at the University of Pierre and Marie Curie (Universitie Paris VI)). From 1973 to 1985 he was Director of the Physics Faculty of ENS. In 1985 he retired and went to the University of Paris.
Brossel is known for his work on optical pumping with Alfred Kastler, with whom he founded in 1951 the spectroscopic laboratory at ENS (Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Hertzienne), which now is called the Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel. Brossel was the co-director and then in 1972 after Kastler's resignation the director.
In his hometown of Périgueux a square is named after him.
In 1960 Brossel won the Holweck Prize and in 1977 he was elected a member of l'Académie des sciences, whose Prix Ampère he received in 1974. In 1984 he received the gold medal of CNRS.
References
External links
Biography from ENS
People from Périgueux
1918 births
2003 deaths
École Normale Supérieure alumni
French physicists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Optical physicists |
3124389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Keith | Kenneth Keith | Sir Kenneth James Keith (born 19 November 1937) is a New Zealand judge. He was elected to the International Court of Justice in November 2005, serving a nine-year term during the years 2006 through 2015.
Keith was educated at the Auckland Grammar School and studied law at the University of Auckland, Victoria University of Wellington, and Harvard Law School. He was a faculty member of Victoria University from 1962 to 1964 and from 1966 to 1991. He served in the New Zealand Department of External Affairs during the early 1960s, and as a member of the United Nations Secretariat from 1968 to 1970. After this, he was Director of the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs and later became President of the New Zealand Law Commission. He was also a member of the Royal Commission on the Electoral System which was key in changing New Zealand's electoral system. In 1993 he was a member of the Working Party on the Reorganisation of the Income Tax Act 1976 which was instrumental in launching a fundamental reform the way New Zealand tax legislation was written.
From 1996 to 2003, Keith was a Judge of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand and was a member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London. He was subsequently one of the inaugural appointments to the new Supreme Court of New Zealand which replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as from 1 July 2004. Prior to his appointment to the International Court of Justice, he sat (as required) as a Judge of Appeal in Samoa (since 1982), the Cook Islands (since 1982) and Niue (since 1995), and Judge of the Supreme Court of Fiji. He has also sat as the Chair of a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Tribunal (UPS v Canada).
Legal career
In 1961, Keith was admitted to the New Zealand Bar, and in 1994 appointed a Queen's Counsel. In 1996 Keith was appointed as a Judge of High Court of New Zealand and the Court of Appeal of New Zealand
Keith is the first New Zealander to be elected to the International Court of Justice (2006–2015), having previously presented as a member of the New Zealand legal team in the Nuclear Tests cases before the International Court of Justice in 1973, 1974 and 1995.
Honours and awards
In the 1988 Queen's Birthday Honours, Keith was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to law reform and legal education, and in the 2007 Queen's Birthday Honours he was appointed a Member of the Order of New Zealand.
Lectures
Interpreting in International Courts and Tribunals in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
The International Court of Justice – The Reflections of One Judge as He Leaves Office in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
Openness in International Law in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
Asia and International Law: A New Era Distinguished Speakers Panel in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
Aspects of the Judicial Process in National and International Courts and Tribunals in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
The Rainbow Warrior Case in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
The Role of International Law in National Law in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
The International Court of Justice and criminal justice in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
The International Court of Justice - The Reflections of One Judge as He Leaves Office in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
Interpreting in International Courts and Tribunals in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
Notes
External links
Biography from the Supreme Court of New Zealand website
Story on appointment
Press release from the Prime Minister of New Zealand
www.dpmc.govt.nz
1937 births
International Court of Justice judges
Living people
Harvard Law School alumni
New Zealand lawyers
Victoria University of Wellington faculty
People educated at Auckland Grammar School
Court of Appeal of New Zealand judges
Supreme Court of New Zealand judges
New Zealand judges
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
New Zealand judges on the courts of Samoa
New Zealand judges on the courts of Fiji
New Zealand people of Scottish descent
Supreme Court of Fiji justices
New Zealand Anglicans
Members of the Order of New Zealand
New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
New Zealand Queen's Counsel
New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
New Zealand judges of United Nations courts and tribunals |
51107515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bila%20%28sun%29 | Bila (sun) | Bila (also occasionally rendered Belah) is the personification of the Sun among the Adnyamathanha people. She is a solar goddess, as befitting the general trends among Australian aboriginal peoples, which largely perceive the Sun as female.
Bila is said to be a cannibal, roasting her victims over a fire, the origin of sunlight. To do this she sent black and red dogs to drag her victims, resulting even in an entire village being slaughtered. In a myth the Lizard Men Kudnu ("Goanna") and Muda ("gecko") were appalled by these acts and attacked, prompting her to flee and cast the world in darkness. He then used a boomerang, catching her and making her move in a slow arc across the sky as it returned, it illuminated the world. For this act of heroism lizards like goannas and geckos are respected by the Adnyamathanha.
A similar, albeit likely unrelated myth, occurs in Woodlark Island.
See also
List of solar deities
References
Australian Aboriginal goddesses
Solar goddesses
Mythological cannibals |
30470659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoir%20du%20Chatenet | Manoir du Chatenet | Manoir du Chatenet is a manor house in Dordogne, Aquitaine, France.
Châteaux in Dordogne |
30123020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakutaka | Hakutaka | The is a high-speed shinkansen train service jointly operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and West Japan Railway Company (JR West) between and on the Hokuriku Shinkansen line in Japan. The shinkansen service was introduced on 14 March 2015, but the name was first used for a limited express service operated by Japanese National Railways (JNR) from 1965 until 1982, and later by JR West and Hokuetsu Express between 1997 and March 2015.
Service outline
, 14 return Hakutaka services operate daily between and , with one additional return working daily between and Kanazawa. Trains operate at a maximum speed of .
Hakutaka services stop at the following stations. Not all trains stop at stations marked with an asterisk.
*
*
*
*
*
*
Rolling stock
E7 series 12-car sets based at Nagano Depot, since 14 March 2015
W7 series 12-car sets based at Hakusan Depot, since 14 March 2015
Hakutaka services are operated using JR East E7 series and JR West W7 series 12-car train sets based at Nagano and Hakusan depots respectively.
Pre-shinkansen
485 series EMUs
681 series EMUs owned by JR West
681-2000 series EMUs owned by Hokuetsu Express
683-8000 series EMUs owned by Hokuetsu Express
Limited express services from March 1997 until March 2015 were operated with 6- or 9-car (6+3-car) 681 series or 683-8000 series EMU trains owned by JR West or Hokuetsu Express. Green (first class) car accommodation was provided in car 1.
Formations
Hakutaka shinkansen services use 12-car JR East E7 series and JR West W7 series trainsets, formed as follows, with car 1 at the Tokyo (southern) end. Cars 1 to 10 are ordinary-class cars with 2+3 seating, car 11 is a "Green" car with 2+2 seating, and car 12 is a "Gran Class" car with 2+1 seating. All cars are no-smoking.
History
October 1965 – November 1982
The Hakutaka service was first introduced on 1 October 1965 as a limited express service operating between in Tokyo and via . This was discontinued from 15 November 1982.
March 1997 – March 2015
The Hakutaka name was reinstated from 23 March 1997 for use on new limited express services jointly operated by JR West and Hokuetsu Express connecting Kanazawa with on the Joetsu Shinkansen via the newly built Hokuetsu Express Hokuhoku Line, operating at a maximum speed of . Hakutaka services operated at approximately hourly intervals between Kanazawa and Echigo-Yuzawa, with one return service daily starting and terminating at Fukui. One return working daily operated between and Echigo-Yuzawa. Services stopped at the following stations.
() – – – – – – –
The last Hakutaka limited express service ran on 13 March 2015, replaced by new high-speed shinkansen services from the start of the revised timetable introduced the following day.
Shinkansen Hakutaka, (March 2015 – )
From 14 March 2015, the name Hakutaka was transferred to new shinkansen services operating between Tokyo and Kanazawa following the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen beyond Nagano.
See also
List of named passenger trains of Japan
References
External links
JR West Hakutaka train information
Named passenger trains of Japan
East Japan Railway Company
West Japan Railway Company
Railway services introduced in 1965
1965 establishments in Japan
Railway services introduced in 2015
2015 establishments in Japan
Named Shinkansen trains |
38941853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20River%20Head | New River Head | New River Head is a historic site located adjacent to Sadler's Wells Theatre on Rosebery Avenue in the Clerkenwell area of London, England. Originally it was the London terminus of the New River, an artificial watercourse opened in 1613 to supply water to London. Subsequently the site also became the headquarters for the New River Company, the owners of the New River, and for its successors, the Metropolitan Water Board, the Thames Water Authority and Thames Water plc.
Following relocation of most of the operational and administrative functions of the site, it is now largely a residential estate, with apartments in a mixture of repurposed existing and new buildings surrounding a private garden area on the site of the old filter beds. There is public access to a view point over the gardens. At the rear of the building (not open to the public) there is the remains of the medieval conduit-head of the water supply of the London Greyfriars, discovered in Bloomsbury in 1911 and re-erected here in 1927.
The former head office building is a grade II* listed building. The former laboratory building, remains of the Round Pond, Greyfriars conduit head, former engine house and former windmill are all grade II listed buildings.
History
The New River was created between 1604 and 1613 to supply London with clean water from Hertfordshire, and was a significant factor in the development of the metropolis. At New River Head, in those days set in the fields of rural Clerkenwell and, importantly, at a higher altitude than the city, a circular reservoir, known as the Round Pond, collected the water. From here it was fed into a network of wooden mains which conveyed water to the cisterns of London. Besides the Round Pond was a single building, known as the Water House. From these beginnings a larger complex gradually developed, with further ponds and buildings covering an area of some and bounded by what were to become the streets of Rosebery Avenue, Hardwick Street, Amwell Street and Myddelton Passage.
In 1708, a new Upper Pond was constructed on higher ground where Claremont Square lies today, in order to give a better head of pressure to server more distant areas around the West End of London. Initially water was pumped to this from the Round Pond by windmill and horse gin, but in 1768 a steam engine designed by John Smeaton was brought into use. In 1785, a Boulton & Watt engine was added, and over the years replacement engines were installed. These were all housed in the Engine House, on the north-west of the site. In 1820, the New River Company moved its offices, which until then had been located in the City of London, into an enlarged Water House at New River Head, beginning an association of the site with the administration of London's water supply that was to last some 170 years.
Between 1915 and 1920, the Metropolitan Water Board, as successor to the New River Company, constructed a substantial new head office building on the Rosebery Avenue side of the site and across the, by now redundant, Round Pond. This building incorporated a reconstruction of the historical late seventeenth-century Oak Room from the Water House, which was also demolished as part of the same development. Between 1936 and 1938, the water board added a new water testing laboratory to the site. In 1946, the London end of the New River was truncated to Stoke Newington with the water being fed into the East Reservoir there, thus removing the operational usage of the site. However the head office and laboratory buildings continued in use by the Metropolitan Water Board and its successor, the Thames Water Authority.
In 1964–6, the Charles Allen House, a seven-storey block of staff flats, was added to the north-west corner of the site. Following the privatisation of the Thames Water Authority in 1989, the head office of Thames Water plc was relocated to Reading, along with the laboratory facilities. However in the same timescales an operational function returned to the site, with the creation of a shaft and pumping station for the London Water Ring Main on the Amwell Street side of the site.
Following the relocation of Thames Water, the head office building and laboratory buildings were converted to apartments, as was the Remus building, a former water meter testing building dating from 1922-4. The Oak Room still remains within the former office building. Two new apartments blocks, the Nautilus building and the Hydra building were added.
The old Engine House also still exists, and in August 2020 it was announced that it was to become the new home for what is now the House of Illustration. It is intended that this will open in the autumn of 2022, and will be named the Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration. When it opens, it will be home to exhibition galleries, education studios, events spaces and a shop and cafe.
References
External links
Article on the history of New River Head from British History Online
Clerkenwell
London water infrastructure
Thames Water
Water supply and sanitation in London |
18835086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazan%C3%A7%C4%B1%2C%20Agdam | Qazançı, Agdam | Qazançı (, also, Ghazanchi, Kazanchi, and Kazanchy) is a village in the Agdam Rayon of Azerbaijan.
References
Populated places in Agdam District |
22812257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Great%20Sioux%20Uprising | The Great Sioux Uprising | The Great Sioux Uprising is a 1953 American Western film directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring Jeff Chandler, Faith Domergue and Lyle Bettger.
Plot
During the Civil War, in Wyoming, horse dealers Joan Britton (Faith Domergue) and Stephen Cook (Lyle Bettger) are competing to supply the Union Army with horses. A Cherokee, Stan Watie, is in the area to stir up the Sioux against the Union just as Cook decides to steal a herd of Sioux horses. Ex-army doctor Jonathan Westgate (Jeff Chandler) opposes Cook's unscrupulous methods as well as being Cook's rival for the affections of Joan. It seems Westgate is the only one able to prevent a new Indian war.
Cast
Jeff Chandler as Jonathan Westgate
Faith Domergue as Joan Britton
Lyle Bettger as Stephen Cook
Peter Whitney as Ahab Jones
Stacy Harris as Uriah
Walter Sande as Joe Baird
Stephen Chase as Maj. McKay
John War Eagle as Chief Red Cloud
Glenn Strange as Gen. Stan Watie
Charles Arnt as Gist
Julia Montoya as Heyoka
Ray Bennett as Sgt. Manners
Dewey Drapeau as Teo-Ka-Ha
Boyd 'Red' Morgan as Ray
Lane Bradford as Lee
Jack Ingram as Sam
Clem Fuller as Jake
Production
In 1952 Jeff Chandler signed a new contract with Universal which doubled his salary. The Great Sioux Uprising was the first film under the new agreement. Alexis Smith and Stephen McNally were meant to co star with Chandler. Eventually Smith was replaced by Faith Domergue. McNally's wife then fell ill and he asked to withdraw from the film; he was replaced by Lyle Bettger. Filming took place in Portland and Pendleton, Oregon.
References
External links
1953 films
American films
American historical films
Universal Pictures films
1950s historical films
1953 Western (genre) films
Films directed by Lloyd Bacon
Films set in Wyoming
American Western (genre) films
Films shot in Oregon
Films shot in Portland, Oregon
1950s English-language films |
6363714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Sexton | Andrew Sexton | Andrew John Sexton (born 23 July 1979 at Southampton) is an English cricketer. He is a left-handed opening batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler. He played Minor Counties cricket during 1999 for Dorset before entering first-class cricket in 2000 with Hampshire.
For Dorset, he was a member of the team that reached the final of the 1999 Minor Counties Championship. He scored 196 in the second innings of the match after Dorset had been forced to follow on by Cumberland, but Cumberland still won the game by six wickets.
Sexton played only four first-class matches for Hampshire. In his first game against Durham, he scored 36 out of a total of 340 that included no individual 50s. He then failed to reach double figures in his next five innings before finishing his first-class career with 16 in the match against New Zealand A.
He was a regular member of the Hampshire side that won the Second XI Championship in 2001, but left the county after that.
References
Andrew Sexton at Cricket Archive
1979 births
English cricketers
Living people
Hampshire cricketers |
65951270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Alcock | Joseph Alcock | Joseph Alcock (1760–1821) was a British Civil Servant in the Treasury between 1785 and 1821.
Early life
Joseph's parents were William Alcock and Mary Mawbey. Mary’s brothers included John and Joseph Mawbey who owned a successful vinegar distilling business. Joseph Mawbey was subsequently knighted. William Alcock purchased an estate in Ravenstone, Leicestershire, but died 1764, aged 41. He left behind a widow and four young sons of whom Joseph was the eldest. Mary outlived William and died in 1802, aged 76. After his death administration of William’s estate was given to Joseph Mawbey. He sought to support William’s sons and procured a clerkship at the Treasury for Joseph Alcock and a commission in the army for his brother Thomas Alcock (Ordnance). A third son, John studied law.
Career at the Treasury
Joseph Alcock served in a number of senior positions in the Treasury during his life. These include as senior clerk between 1785 and 1798. Subsequently he was promoted to Chief Clerk (1798-99), a position reporting under the Joint Secretary and with a general advisory role to the Board of Treasury. He served as Chief Clerk of the Revenue (1799-1821), a period which coincided with the Napoleonic war, the aftermath of the American War of Independence and the War of 1812 with America. He provided evidence to the Committee on American Claimants Petition in February 1812 where he confirmed the payment of awards under the 7th Article of the Treaty of Amity (The Jay Treaty) between the United States and Great Britain in 1794 and the subsequent Convention that was ratified between the United States and Great Britain in 1802. He was appointed as one of the two Auditors of the Treasury and held this role between 1815- 1821. Joseph's son, also called Joseph Alcock worked under him at the Revenue department as an Assistant Clerk. In 1819 Joseph Junior was also appointed as Superintendent of Returns to Parliament for the Treasury Office, a position he also held in 1820.
Family
Joseph married Elizabeth Tayler, the daughter of a London gunpowder merchant. Their sons included Joseph, who served as a junior clerk in the treasury, but died in 1822, John and Thomas Alcock (MP) who became an MP and who inherited the Kingswood Warren estate from a paternal uncle, a lawyer also called John Alcock. Alcock's mansion in Kingswood Warren later became a BBC Research & Development centre. After Elizabeth’s death Joseph remarried in 1815 to Mary Pettiward, daughter of Roger Mortlock Pettiward, a member of the Pettiward Family of Putney that owned the Pettiward Estate and Ms. Douglass Sandwell.
Joseph’s daughters included Maria, who married the Revd Alexander Brymer Belcher, a grandson of Jonathan Belcher (jurist), Letitia, who married Charles Parke and Jane who married Colonel Henry Austen of Bellevue, Sevenoaks, a second cousin of Jane Austen the novelist.
Joseph Alcock lived in Roehampton, Putney. He also owned the Theddlethorpe estate in Lincolnshire. He died in 1821
Notes
1760 births
1821 deaths
Civil servants in HM Treasury |
41878531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehboob%20Alam%20%28actor%29 | Mehboob Alam (actor) | Mehboob Alam (14 March 1948 – 18 March 1994) was a Pakistani actor best known for his role in the PTV drama serial Waris (1979–1982), in which he played the role of Chaudhry Hashmat Khan. He also appeared in the PTV drama Andhera Ujala (1984–1985).
Mehboob Alam acted in 38 movies (12 Urdu, 15 Punjabi, and 11 Sindhi), including Sooarth (Sindhi, 1973), Rut Ja Ristha, Dharti La Kunwar (1975),<ref>http://www.citwf.com/film86862.htm, Actor Mehboob Alam in film Dharti La Kunwar (1975) on C.I.T.W.F. website, Retrieved 20 Nov 2016</ref> Dharti Dilwaran Jee (Sindhi, 1975), Shehzor (Sindhi, 1976), Khak-o-Khoon (Urdu, 1979), Chan Varyam (Punjabi, 1981), Fatafat (Punjabi, 1981), Khan Balouch (Punjabi, 1985), and Darya Khan'' (Sindhi, 1991).
He died on 18 March 1994 in Karachi at age 46.
Awards and recognition
The 1st Indus Drama Awards in 2005, a 'Special Award' awarded after his death.
References
External links
http://www.citwf.com/person69216.htm, Filmography of actor Mehboob Alam on Complete Index To World Film (CITWF) website, Retrieved 20 Nov 2016
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1777780/?ref_=fn_nm_nm_1, Filmography of actor Mehboob Alam on IMDb website, Retrieved 20 Nov 2016
1948 births
1994 deaths
Pakistani male television actors
Place of birth missing |
2706141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification%20of%20Nepal | Unification of Nepal | The unification of Nepal, also known as Expansion of Gorkha Kingdom, officially began in 1743 AD (1799 BS) after King Prithvi Narayan Shah of Gorkha launched an aggressive annexation campaign seeking to broaden his own kingdom's border. After conquering the Nepal Mandala, which consisted of the different city-states of the Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Kirtipur and Bhaktapur, Shah moved his hilly capital in Gorkha to the fertile and wealthy city of Kathmandu and adopted the name Nepal for the entire Gorkha Empire.
The Shah dynasty would go on to expand the various warring kingdoms that once occupied parts of present-day Nepal into a nation-state that stretched up to the Sutlej River in the west and Sikkim-Jalpaiguri in the east. Before usage by the Gorkha Empire, the Kathmandu Valley was known as Nepal after the Nepal Mandala, the region's Nepal Bhasa name.
Invasion of Nuwakot
Prithvi Narayan Shah's annexation campaign began with the nearby kingdom of Nuwakot. Nuwakot marked the eastern boundary of the Gorkha Kingdom and was part of the trade route between Tibet and Kathmandu. It was also the western gateway to the Kathmandu valley. Nara Bhupal Shah, Prithvi Narayan Shah's father, had attempted to invade Nuwakot in 1800, but had failed. At that time, Nuwakot was under the administrative control of Kantipur (known today as Kathmandu). Kantipur supported Nuwakot against the invasion. Following his defeat, Nara Bhupal Shah gave up his efforts and handed administrative power over to his eldest son, Prithvi Narayan Shah and Chandraprabhawati, his eldest queen.
In the very year of his coronation, Prithvi Narayan Shah sent Gorkhali troops under Kaji Biraj Thapa Magar to attack Nuwakot. The campaign failed.
Kalu Pande was then made Commander-in-Chief of the Gorkhali Army. Kalu Pande advised Prithvi Narayan Shah to raise a standing army by conscripting men from other regions. A newly fortified Gorkhali force again attacked Nuwakot in 1744 from three sides and managed to capture the hill fort on September 26, 1744. However, the next year, King Jaya Prakash Malla of Kantipur sent a force under Kaji Ram Thapa to retake the fort, after defeating the Gorkhali forces at Naldum. Ram Thapa was repelled and the Gorkhali seized permanent control of Nuwakot
Invasion of Tanahun
While Prithvi Narayan Shah was occupied with Nuwakot, Tanahun, a small kingdom to the west, took advantage of the king's absence to invade the Gorkha kingdom. Tanahun troops crossed the Chepe river and captured Sirhanchowk. But reinforcements from both Nuwakot and Gorkha managed to rout the invaders and considerably weaken Lamjung.
Prithvi Narayan Shah wanted to use the occasion to invade Tanahun and annex it. However, he was advised against an open attack as King Tribikram Sen of Tanahun was an old friend of his father's. Prithvi Narayan Shah thus invited Tribikram Sen to the banks of the Trishuli river on the pretext of a friendly visit and then took him into custody. Tribikram Sen was imprisoned in Nuwakot and Tanahun was officially annexed to the burgeoning Gorkha Empire.
Invasion of Makwanpur and Hariharpur
As part of his goal of pursuing the Kathmandu Valley, Prithvi Narayan had planned to first conquer all of the kingdoms and principalities surrounding the Kathmandu Valley.
Sensing danger, King Digbardhan Sen and his minister Kanak Singh Baniya of Makwanpur managed to send their families to safer grounds before they were encircled by the Gorkhalis, who launched an attack on 21 August 1762. The battle lasted for around eight hours and while Makwanpur was annexed, King Digbardhan and Kanak Singh escaped to Hariharpur Gadhi.
After occupying the Makwanpur, the Gorkhali forces planned to take Hariharpur Gadhi, a strategic fort on a mountain ridge of the Mahabharat range, also south of Kathmandu. It controlled another route to the Kathmandu valley. On 4 October 1762, the Gorkhalis launched Hariharpur. The soldiers there fought valiantly against the Gorkha forces, but were ultimately forced to vacate the fort . About 500 soldiers from Hariharpur died in the battle.
Digbardhan Sen sought the help of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, to help defend against the Gorkhalis. Mir Qasim, sought to gain loot and plunder from the invasion, as he using lavish gifts to get on the East India Company's good side. In December 1762, he sent around 3,500 troops under Gurgin Khan, an Armenian man named Gregory who had helped train Mir Qasim's army, to launch an attack on Makwanpur, which had only recently been captured by the Gorkhalis.
Mir Qasim's forces arrived in Makwanpur in January 1964 and launched an attack on Dadhuwa Gadhi, one of three defensive positions the Gorkhalis had set up around Makwanpur fort. Gurgin Khan's 3,500 soldiers managed to capture Dadhuwa Gadhi from 400 or so Gorkha soldiers. On 20 January 1764, 3,300 of Gurgin Khan's soldiers launched an attack on Makwanpur palace. The Gorkhalis, under Prithvi Narayan's brother Nandu Shah, held off the invaders. Supplemented by reinforcements, the Gorkhalis counter-attacked Gurgin Khan in the dead of the night while his soldiers were asleep. The Gorkhalis managed to rout Gurgin Khan's forces, who retreated back to Bengal.
Invasion of the Nepal (Kathmandu) valley
The Shah kings had long set their sights on the Nepal Valley, now also known as Kathmandu Valley, which was host to three wealthy but constantly warring city-states ruled by the Malla dynasty. After conquering Nuwakot, which was the western gateway to the Kathmandu Valley, the Gokhalis aimed for Kirtipur as their next target. Kirtipur was a small fortified city on the outskirts of the three major city-states ruled by Newar Malla kings.
Despite his initial assessment that the valley kings were well prepared and the Gorkhalis were not, Kalu Pande agreed to lead the battle. In 1757, The Gorkhalis set up a base on Naikap to mount their assault on Kirtipur. They were armed with swords, bows and muskets. The two forces fought on the plain of Tyangla Phant in the northwest of Kirtipur. Kalu Pande was killed in the battle while Prithvi Narayan himself narrowly escaped with his life into the surrounding hills disguised as a saint.
In 1764, Prithvi Narayan once again assaulted Kirtipur a second time under the command of Surapratap Shah, Prithvi Narayan's brother. The Gorkhalis were defeated once again and Surapratap lost his right eye to an arrow while scaling the city. A noble of Lalitpur named Danuvanta crossed over to Shah's side and treacherously let the Gorkhalis into the town.
The victory in the Battle of Kirtipur climaxed Shah's two-decade-long effort to take possession of the wealthy Kathmandu Valley.
After the fall of Kirtipur, Shah took the other cities Kathmandu and Lalitpur in 1768 and Bhaktapur in 1769, completing his conquest of the valley. In a letter to Ram Krishna Kunwar, King Prithvi Narayan Shah was unhappy at the death of Kaji Kalu Pande in Kirtipur and thought it was impossible to conquer Kathmandu valley after the death of Kalu Pande. After the annexation of Kathmandu valley, King Prithvi Narayan Shah praised in his letter about valour and wisdom shown by Ramkrishna in annexation of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur (i.e. Nepal valley at the time) on 1768-69 A.D. Similarly, Vamsharaj Pande, Kalu Pande's eldest son, was the army commander who led attack of Gorkhali side on the Battle of Bhaktapur on 14 April 1769 A.D.
The Valley Kings brought a large number of Doyas from Indian Plains under Shaktiballabh sardar. During the first assault in 1757, the Gorkhali army killed 1200 enemies, mostly Doyas, but were badly beaten themselves. Both sides suffered heavy losses. As they advanced towards Kirtipur, the combined force of Valley Kings under Kaji Gangadhar Jha, Kaji Gangaram Thapa and Sardar Shaktiballabh brought Havoc to the outnumbered Gorkhalis. The two forces fought on the plain of Tyangla Phant in the northwest of Kirtipur. Surapratap Shah, the King's brother lost his right eye to an arrow while scaling the city wall. The Gorkhali commander Kaji Kalu Pande was surrounded and killed, and the Gorkhali king himself narrowly escaped with his life into the surrounding hills disguised as a saint.
After his conquest of the Kathmandu Valley, Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered other smaller territories south of the valley to keep other smaller fiefdoms near his Gurkha state out of the influence and control of British rule. After his kingdom spread from north to south, he made Kantipur the capital of expanded country, which was then known as Kingdom of Gorkha (Gorkha Samrajya).
Invasion of Sen Kingdom
King Prithvi Narayan Shah had deployed Sardar Ram Krishna Kunwar to the invasion of Kirant regional areas comprising; Pallo Kirant (Limbuwan), Wallo Kirant and Majh Kirant (Khambuwan). In 13th of Bhadra 1829 Vikram Samvat (i.e. 29 August 1772), Ram Krishna crossed Dudhkoshi river to invade King Karna Sen of Kirant and Saptari region with fellow commander Abhiman Singh Basnyat. He crossed Arun River to reach Chainpur. Later, he achieved victory over Kirant region. King Prithvi Narayan Shah bestowed 22 pairs of Shirpau (special headgear) in appreciation to Ram Krishna Kunwar after his victory over the Kirant region.
Post death of Prithvi Narayan Shah
On 1775, the conqueror king Prithvi Narayan Shah, who expanded Gorkha Kingdom to the Kingdom of Nepal died at Nuwakot. Swarup Singh Karki, a shrewd Gorkhali courtier from a Chhetri family of Eastern Nepal, marched with army to Nuwakot to confine Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal who was then mourning the death of his father former King Prithvi Narayan Shah. He confined Bahadur Shah and Prince Dal Mardan Shah with consent from newly reigning King Pratap Singh Shah who was considered to have no distinction of right and wrong. In the annual Pajani (renewal) of that year, Swarup Singh was promoted to the position of Kaji along with Abhiman Singh Basnyat, Amar Singh Thapa and Parashuram Thapa. In Falgun 1832 B.S., he succeeded in exiling Bahadur Shah, Dal Mardan Shah and Guru Gajraj Mishra on three heinous charges. The reign of King Pratap Singh was characterized by the constant rivalry between Swarup and Vamsharaj Pande, a member of the leading Pande family of Gorkha. The document dated Bikram Samvat 1833 Bhadra Vadi 3 Roj 6 (i.e. Friday 2 August 1776), shows that he had carried the title of Dewan along with Vamsharaj Pande. King Pratap Singh Shah died on 22 November 1777 A.D. leaving his infant son Rana Bahadur Shah as the King of Nepal. Sarbajit Rana Magar was made a Kaji along with Balbhadra Shah and Vamsharaj Pande while Daljit Shah was chosen as Chief Chautariya. Historian Dilli Raman Regmi asserts that Sarbajit was chosen as Chief Kazi (equivalent to Prime Minister of Nepal). Historian Rishikesh Shah asserts that Sarbajit was the head of the Nepalese government for a short period in 1778. Afterwards, rivalry arose between Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal and Queen Rajendra Laxmi. In the rivalry, Sarbajit led the followers of the Queen opposed to Sriharsh Pant who led the followers of Bahadur Shah. The group of Bharadars (officers) led by Sarbajit poisoned the ears of Rajendra Laxmi against Bahadur Shah. Rajendra Laxmi succeeded in the confinement of Prince Bahadur Shah with the help of her new minister Sarbajit. Guru Gajraj Mishra came to rescue Bahadur Shah on the condition that Bahadur Shah should leave the country. Also, his rival Sriharsh Pant was branded outcast and expelled instead of execution which was prohibited for Brahmins.
Prince Bahadur Shah confined his sister-in-law Queen Rajendra Laxmi on the charge of having illicit relation with Sarbajit on 31 August 1778. Subsequently, Sarbajit was executed inside the palace by Prince Bahadur Shah with the help of male servants of the royal palace. Historian Bhadra Ratna Bajracharya asserts that it was actually Chautariya Daljit Shah who led the opposing group against Sarbajit Rana and Rajendra Laxmi. The letter dated B.S. 1835 Bhadra Sudi 11 Roj 4 (1778 A.D.) to Narayan Malla and Vrajabasi Pande asserts the death of Sarbajit under misconduct and the appointment of Bahadur Shah as regent. The death of Sarbajit Rana Magar is considered to have marked the initiation of court conspiracies and massacres in the newly unified Kingdom of Nepal. Historian Baburam Acharya points that the sanctions against Queen Rajendra Laxmi under moral misconduct was a mistake of Bahadur Shah. Similarly, the murder of Sarbajit was condemned by many historians as an act of injustice.
Vamsharaj Pande, once Dewan of Nepal and son of the popular commander Kalu Pande, was beheaded on the conspiracy of Queen Rajendra Laxmi with his support. In the special tribunal meeting at Bhandarkhal garden, east of Kathmandu Durbar, Swaroop Singh held Vamsharaj liable for letting the King of Parbat, Kirtibam Malla to run away in the battle a year ago. He had a fiery conversation with Vamsharaj before Vamsharaj was declared guilty and was subsequently executed by beheading on the tribunal. Historian Rishikesh Shah and Ganga Karmacharya claim that he was executed on March 1785. Bhadra Ratna Bajracharya and Tulsi Ram Vaidya claim that he was executed on 21 April 1785. On 2 July 1785, his stiff opponent Prince Regent Bahadur Shah of Nepal was arrested and on the eleventh day of imprisonment on 13 July, his only supporter Queen Rajendra Laxmi died. Then onwards, Bahadur Shah took over the regency of his nephew King Rana Bahadur Shah and on the first moments of his regency ordered Swaroop Singh who was in Pokhara to be beheaded there on the charges of treason. He had gone to Kaski to join Daljit Shah's military campaign of Kaski fearing retaliation of the old courtiers due to his conspiracy against Vamsharaj. He was executed on 24th Shrawan 1842 B.S.
Tibetan conflict
After the death of Prithvi Narayan Shah, the Shah dynasty began to expand their kingdom into what is present day North India. Between 1788 and 1791, Nepal invaded Tibet and robbed the Tashi Lhunpo Monastery in Shigatse. Tibet sought help from the Chinese imperial court and the Qianlong Emperor of the Chinese Qing dynasty appointed Fuk'anggan commander-in-chief of the Tibetan campaign. Heavy damages were inflicted on both sides. The Nepali forces retreated step by step back to Nuwakot to stretch Sino-Tibetan forces uncomfortably. The Chinese launched uphill attack during the daylight and failed to succeed due to strong counterattack with Khukuri at Nuwakot. The Chinese army suffered a major setback when they tried to cross a monsoon-flooded Betrawati, close to the Gorkhali palace in Nuwakot. A stalemate ensued when Fuk'anggan was keen to protect his troops and wanted to negotiate at Nuwakot. The treaty was more favorable to the Chinese side and prescribed that Nepal had to pay tributes to the Chinese emperor.
Time line of unification
The time line of unification is given in the table.
See also
History of Nepal
References
Further reading
Fr. Giuseppe. (1799). An account of the kingdom of Nepal. Asiatic Researches. Vol 2. (1799). pp. 307–322.
Reed, David. (2002). The Rough Guide to Nepal. DK Publishing, Inc.
Wright, Daniel, History of Nepal. New Delhi-Madras, Asian Educational Services, 1990
History of Nepal
Gurkhas
National unifications |
5912631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detonator%20%28Worlds%20of%20Fun%29 | Detonator (Worlds of Fun) | Detonator is a Space Shot ride at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri. It made history as the first Space Shot ride in the United States, as well as the first in the world to have a twin-tower form. Detonator launches riders 210 feet in the air only to fall right back down.
References
External links
Official page
Amusement rides manufactured by S&S – Sansei Technologies
Worlds of Fun
Amusement rides introduced in 1996
Cedar Fair attractions
1996 establishments in Missouri
Drop tower rides |
46591050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonda%2C%20North%20Dakota | Fonda, North Dakota | Fonda is an unincorporated community in Rolette County, in the U.S. state of North Dakota.
History
Fonda was founded in 1905. A post office called Fonda was established in 1907, and remained in operation until 1944. The community was named for Fonda, Iowa, former home of early settler Jay Edwards.
References
Unincorporated communities in Rolette County, North Dakota
Populated places established in 1905
1905 establishments in North Dakota
Unincorporated communities in North Dakota |
12699309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caconemobius | Caconemobius | Caconemobius is a genus of crickets in the subfamily Nemobiinae. There are about 15 species distributed from the Pacific coasts of Asia to Hawaii, where they occur in marine environments on the shores of the Pacific Ocean.
These are wingless crickets that do not sing. They have bulbous abdomens. They live among rocks on beaches and other marine environments, where they may swim and dive in the saline waters.
Taxonomy
The Orthoptera Species File database lists the following species:
Caconemobius akusekiensis (Oshiro, 1990)
Caconemobius albus Otte, 1994
Caconemobius anahulu Otte, 1994
Caconemobius daitoensis (Oshiro, 1986)
Caconemobius dibrachiatus Ma & Zhang, 2015
Caconemobius fori ('ūhini nēnē pele, or lava cricket) Gurney & Rentz, 1978
Caconemobius howarthi Gurney & Rentz, 1978
Caconemobius nihoensis Otte, 1994
Caconemobius paralbus Otte, 1994
Caconemobius sandwichensis Otte, 1994
Caconemobius sazanami (Furukawa, 1970)
Caconemobius schauinslandi (Alfken, 1901)
Caconemobius takarai (Oshiro, 1990)
Caconemobius uuku Otte, 1994
Caconemobius varius Gurney & Rentz, 1978
References
Trigonidiidae
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
55776116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten%20Medieval%20Commentators | Ten Medieval Commentators | The Ten Medieval Commentators (Tamil: உரையாசிரியர்கள் பதின்மர்) were a canonical group of Tamil scholars whose commentaries on the ancient Indian didactic work of the Kural are esteemed by later scholars as worthy of critical analysis. These scholars lived in the Medieval era between the 10th and 13th centuries CE. Among these medieval commentaries, the commentaries of Manakkudavar, Kaalingar, and Parimelalhagar are considered pioneer by modern scholars.
Commentaries
The Kural remains the most reviewed work of the Tamil literature, with almost every scholar down the ages having written commentaries on it. Of the several hundred commentaries written on the didactic work over the centuries, the commentaries written by a group of ten medieval scholars are considered to have high literary value. The ten scholars are:
Manakkudavar (c. 10th century CE)
Dhamatthar (c. 11th century CE)
Nacchar (c. 11th century CE)
Paridhi (c. 11th century CE)
Pariperumal, also known as Kaliperumal (c. 11th century CE)
Thirumalaiyar (c. 11 to 13th century CE)
Mallar (c. 11 to 13th century CE)
Kaalingar (c. late 12th century CE)
Dharumar (c. 13th century CE)
Parimelalhagar (c. 13th century CE)
Of these, only the commentaries of Manakkudavar, Paridhi, Pariperumal, Kaalingar, and Parimelalhagar are extant in their complete (or almost complete) form. The commentaries of Dharumar, Dhamatthar, and Nacchar have survived only in fragmentary form, and those of Thirumalaiyar and Mallar are now lost completely. The oldest of these is the commentary of Manakkudavar (c. 10th century CE), which is considered to be the closest to the original text of the Kural, and is considered the cornerstone against which other medieval commentaries are compared in order to find variations in them. Each commentators followed his own sense of logic in the arrangement of the chapters and the couplets within them. Researchers have found as many as 16, 20, 120, and 171 variations in the ordering of the Kural couplets by Pari Perumal, Paridhi, Parimelalhagar, and Kaalingar, respectively, with respect to the commentary by Manakkudavar. According to M. Shanmugham Pillai, there are about 305 textual variations in all the commentaries combined. The last of these medieval commentaries is that of Parimelalhagar, who wrote the commentary around 1271–1272 CE, as indicated in an inscription at the Varadharaja Perumal Temple at Kanchipuram. Parimelalhagar's commentary is followed ever since as the standard for numbering of the Kural chapters and the couplets within each chapter.
Chapter order variations
Valluvar wrote the Kural literature in three parts, namely, Book I, Book II, and Book III, containing a total of 133 chapters in all, without splitting the books further into any subdivisions. However, later scholars from both the Late Sangam period and the medieval era divided each book into various divisions known as and grouped the chapters variously under each . They also changed the ordering of the couplets within each chapter widely. These variations are not standard either but vary according to different commentators. While the variations in the ordering of the couplets according to various commentators are found across the work, variations in the grouping and ordering of chapters are found chiefly in the Book on Virtue (Book I).
The following table lists the variations between ordering of chapters in Book I by Manakkudavar (the oldest) and that by Parimelalhagar (the latest).
The chapters "Shunning meat-eating," "Not stealing," "Not lying," "Refraining from anger," "Ahimsa," and "Non-killing", all of which originally appear under subsection "Domestic virtues" in Manakkudavar's version, appear under "Ascetic virtues" in Parimelalhagar's version. Similarly, the chapters "Kindness of speech," "Self-control," "Not envying," "Not coveting another’s goods," "Not backbiting," and "Not uttering useless words", which appear under "Ascetic virtue" in Manakkudavar's version, appear under "Domestic virtue" in Parimelalhagar's version. Given these subdivisions of domestic and ascetic virtues are later additions, both the domestic and ascetic virtues in the Book of Aṟam are addressed to the householder or commoner. Ascetic virtues in the Kural, according to A. Gopalakrishnan, does not mean renunciation of household life or pursuing of the conventional ascetic life, but only refers to giving up avarice and immoderate desires and maintaining self-control that is expected of every individual.
Legacy
All these commentators lived in a time that is now known among literary scholars as "the golden age of Tamil prosaic literature". This era is also dubbed "the age of literary commentaries".
An old Tamil poem describes all these ten commentators thus:
See also
Tirukkural
Commentaries in Tamil literary tradition
Citations
References
Tirukkural
Medieval Tamil Nadu
Medieval India
Ten medieval commentators
Indian culture-related lists
Indian literature-related lists
History of Tamil Nadu |
7468811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20glider%20pilots | List of glider pilots | This list of notable glider pilots contains the names of those who have achieved fame in gliding and in other fields:
Notable in gliding
Ruth Alexander - female altitude record breaker, first woman glider instructor in the U.S.
Sergei Anokhin - test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, glider instructor, recordsman and gliding promouter in the USSR and Turkey, on October 2, 1934, carried out a flutter test with deliberate in-flight destruction of RotFront-1 glider and safe parachute escape after the glider disintegration.
Bill Bedford test pilot - first to fly Hawker P.1127 and Harrier.
Luca Bertossio - Champion glider aerobatic pilot
Paul Bikle - NASA director, glider altitude record setter and Soaring Hall of Fame
William Hawley Bowlus - first American to break Wright brothers' 1911 gliding record, designer of first military prototype glider the XCG-16A, superintendent of construction of the Spirit of St. Louis and U.S. Soaring Hall of Fame member
Anne Burns - British champion, holder of multiple records, aerospace engineer
Janusz Centka - multiple world champion
Jackie Coogan - actor, former WW2-era combat Glider Pilot
Adela Dankowska - held 12 world records and 43 Polish records during her career
Anthony Deane-Drummond - major-general & British national champion
Heini Dittmar - test pilot (first person over 1000 km/h) and gliding record breaker
Wilhelm Düerkop - glider aerobatic champion
Richard C. du Pont - director of military glider program
Einar Enevoldson - test pilot and gliding record breaker
Markus Feyerabend - glider aerobatics champion
Steve Fossett - entrepreneur and gliding record breaker
Nicholas Goodhart - world champion, record breaker and inventor of the Mirror sight deck landing system
Tadeusz Góra - gliding record breaker, first winner of the Lilienthal Gliding Medal
Hans-Werner Grosse - 46 world records
Doris Grove - female world record breaker, first woman to fly 1000 km, and U.S. Soaring Hall of Fame member
Julius Hatry - glider designer
Barron Hilton - hotel magnate and founder of the Barron Hilton Cup for gliding
Wolf Hirth - German gliding pioneer and sailplane designer
Klaus Holighaus - glider designer and European Champion
Hans Jacobs - glider designer
Dick Johnson - 11-time U.S. National Champion, glider distance record setter and Soaring Hall of Fame
Sebastian Kawa - most wins (5+3) in World Gliding Championships
Joachim Kuettner - atmospheric scientist and gliding record breaker
Thomas Knauff - author, instructor, world record breaker, and U.S. Soaring Hall of Fame member
Robert Kronfeld - Austrian gliding champion and sailplane designer
Jean-Marie Le Bris - pioneer of French aviation
George Lee - three time world champion, ex-RAF
Otto Lilienthal - German machine engineer, first controlled gliding flights to 250 m
Paul MacCready - aviation inventor, devised the MacCready Theory on speed to fly
Edward Makula - world champion, 7 world records
Jerzy Makula - six time world glider aerobatic champion
Peter Masak - U.S. Soaring Team member, developed the first practical winglets for sailplanes
Mike Melvill - Spaceship One test pilot, first commercial astronaut
Willy Messerschmitt, aircraft designer, including gliders
George Moffat - author, two-time world champion, and U.S. Soaring Hall of Fame member
John J. Montgomery - U.S. physicist, first controlled glider flight in U.S., and U.S. Soaring Hall of Fame member
Story Musgrave - astronaut on a Hubble Space Telescope repair mission, CFI-Glider
Klaus Ohlmann - 36 world records, member of the Mountain Wave Project
Derek Piggott - author, flight instructor and movie stunt pilot
Joan Meakin Price - first woman to glide over the English Channel (1934).
Helmut Reichmann - German professor, author and three-time gliding world champion
Hanna Reitsch - test pilot and breaker of several gliding records
Ingo Renner - four time world champion, two world records, flight instructor
Peter Riedel - gliding champion
Cliff Robertson - actor and soaring activist
Martin Schempp - glider designer and pilot
Richard Schreder - naval aviator and developer of the HP/RS-series kit sailplanes marketed from 1962 until about 1982.
Peter Scott - naturalist (founder of World Wildlife Fund and ex-chairman of British Gliding Association)
Wally Scott - world record breaker, U.S. Soaring Hall of Fame member, and multi-time recipient of the Lewin B. Barringer Memorial Trophy
Geoffrey H. Stephenson - first person to cross the English Channel in a glider
Karl Striedieck - world record breaker, and U.S. Soaring Hall of Fame member
Wolfgang Späte - Inventor of the theory of speed to fly, Luftwaffe ace and test pilot
Kurt Student - Luftwaffe general, developed glider infantry concept, commanded WW2-era Fallschirmjäger
Dennis Tito - gliding speed record holder, aerospace engineer and investment manager
Oskar Ursinus - gliding pioneer and designer
Gerhard Waibel - glider pilot and designer
Ann Welch - instructor and administrator
Philip Wills - world champion and administrator
Wright Brothers - early glider pioneers, invented 3-axis flight control on 1902 glider, set world glider duration record in 1911 (also widely credited with inventing the airplane)
Jan Wróblewski - World Champion in 1965 and 1972; FAI Lilienthal Medal 1972
Other notable people known to have flown gliders
Sir John Allison - RAF Officer, former Commander in Chief Strike Command
James Allison - F1 Engineer, Technical Director Scuderia Ferrari
Neil Armstrong - first man on the moon, astronaut
Richard Bach - author
Wernher von Braun - American-German aerospace engineer
Paul Bulcke - Nestlé CEO (2007–present)
Barbara Cartland - author
Kalpana Chawla - astronaut
John Denver - singer/songwriter
Hugh Downs - television news anchor
Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank - British architect
Matthew Fox - actor
Christopher Foyle - owner of Foyles Bookshop
Andy Green - World Land Speed Record holder
Erich Hartmann - most successful fighter pilot of all times (352 confirmed victories)
Will Hay - British comic actor
Ralph Hooper - British aeronautical engineer famous for the Hawker Siddeley Harrier and BAe Hawk
L. Ron Hubbard - founder of the Church of Scientology
Marsha Ivins - astronaut
Sir David Jason - actor
Amy Johnson - pioneer in aviation, member at Yorkshire Gliding Club from 1937
John Kerry - U.S. Senator and former presidential candidate
Sergei Korolev - father of the Soviet space program
Charles Lindbergh - winner of the Orteig Prize as pilot on first solo nonstop Atlantic crossing flight
William S. McArthur - astronaut
Richie McCaw - former All Blacks captain
Steve McQueen - actor, star of The Thomas Crown Affair (1968 film)
Arseny Mironov - Russian aerospace engineer and aviator, scientist in aircraft aerodynamics and flight testing
James H. Newman - astronaut, holds private pilot certificate (glider)
Sir Paul Nurse - President of the Royal Society
Robert Pearson - airline pilot and glider pilot who glided a Boeing 767 to safety
Christopher Reeve - actor
Michel Rocard - French former prime minister.
Martin Shaw - actor
Alan Shepard - astronaut on first Project Mercury space flight
Chesley Sullenberger - captain of US Airways Flight 1549 which ditched in the Hudson River
Peter Twiss - test pilot and former holder of the World Air Speed Record
References
Gliding
Glider pilots
Glider pilots |
7573131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kois%20v.%20Wisconsin | Kois v. Wisconsin | Kois v. Wisconsin, 408 U.S. 229 (1972), was a ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of the obscenity conviction of Milwaukee editor-publisher John Kois, whose underground newspaper Kaleidoscope had published two small photographs of pictures of nudes and a sexually-oriented poem entitled "Sex Poem" in 1968. The Supreme Court ruled that, in the context in which they appeared, the photographs were rationally related to a news article which they illustrated and were thus entitled to Fourteenth Amendment protection, and that the poem "bears some of the earmarks of an attempt at serious art" (whether successful or not), and thus was not obscene under the Roth v. United States test ("whether or not the 'dominant' theme of the material appeals to prurient interest"). In the words of the concurring opinion of Justice William O. Douglas, "In this case, the vague umbrella of obscenity laws was used in an attempt to run a radical newspaper out of business and to impose a two-year sentence and a $2,000 fine upon its publisher. If obscenity laws continue in this uneven and uncertain enforcement, then the vehicle has been found for the suppression of any unpopular tract. The guarantee of free expression will thus be diluted and in its stead public discourse will only embrace that which has the approval of five members of this Court."
As alluded to in Justice Douglas' opinion, by this time Kaleidoscope had already been driven out of business.
See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 408
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Burger Court
List of United States Supreme Court cases involving the First Amendment
References
Further reading
External links
United States obscenity case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
1972 in United States case law
Mass media in Milwaukee |
55908048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2r%C3%A2ul%20Alb | Pârâul Alb | Pârâul Alb may refer to the following rivers in Romania:
Pârâul Alb (Timiș), a tributary of the Feneș in Caraș-Severin County
Pârâul Alb, a tributary of the Jiu in Gorj County
Pârâul Alb, a tributary of the Orăștie in Hunedoara County
Pârâul Alb, a tributary of the Secu in Neamț County
Pârâul Alb, a tributary of the Telejenel in Prahova County |
9431821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conwy%20Borough%20F.C. | Conwy Borough F.C. | Conwy Borough Football Club () are a Welsh football club based in Conwy, playing in the Cymru North. Between 1977 and June 2012 they were known as Conwy United.
Club history
Following the demise of Borough United in 1967, Welsh representatives in the European Cup Winners’ Cup in 1963/64, there was a void of Welsh League clubs in the Conwy area. Historically there has always been football in the area, and especially a Conwy team, stretching back to the 1870s. Then in 1977 Conwy Town and Conwy Royal British Legion, both of whom played in the Vale of Conwy League, amalgamated to form Conwy United.
The club was duly elected to the Welsh League (North) that later became the Welsh Alliance League. In 1981/82 the club won the Welsh Intermediate Cup (now called the FAW Welsh Trophy) and the club also won the Welsh Alliance League title in 1984/85 and 1985/86. In 1990 the club became founder members of the Cymru Alliance League and finished in the top seven both seasons that they were members.
Then in 1992 the club became founder members of the League of Wales. The club finished a creditable 7th place in its first season and in 1995/96 finished in 3rd place under the guidance of John Hulse, with Kenny McKenna setting a club scoring record of 49 goals in a season. The club qualified for the 1996 UEFA Intertoto Cup and played Charleroi (Belgium) and SV Ried (Austria) at the Racecourse Ground, Wrexham, and travelled to Zaglebie Lubin (Poland) and Silkeborg (Denmark). Despite not progressing past the group stage, the club gave a good account of itself especially with a 0–0 draw against Charleroi and losing to a late goal against SV Ried.
In the following three seasons the club reached the semi-finals of the Welsh Cup twice, and also qualified for the FAW Premier Cup twice, most notably holding Swansea City to 0–0 draw at the Vetch Field. However the financial burden had begun to take its toll on the club and in 2000 were relegated.
The club decided not to progress to the Cymru Alliance for financial reasons and instead accepted an invitation to join the Welsh Alliance League. In its second season the club was League runners-up and Cookson Cup runners-up. The following two seasons were very difficult both on and off the field but the return of Nigel Roberts as manager kept the club up and the 2004–05 season started tremendously well with the club sitting at the top of the League. However, tragedy struck when Nigel Roberts was killed in a road accident. The league slipped just out of reach but under the guidance of Danny McGoona reached the final of the Cookson Cup again, only to lose out 4–3 to Bethesda in one of the most dramatic finals for years.
In the 2009/10 season under the management of Barry Jones and Keith Tansley a young Conwy side finally clinched the Cookson Cup. An extra time penalty from Matty Bennett won the trophy against rivals Llandudno Junction at Maesdu. In the league the club finished sixth.
The following season Paul Moroney took over as Manager with Barry Jones and Keith Tansley remaining at the club. The 2010–11 turned out to be one of the most successful seasons of the clubs recent history. Although losing the first game of the season away at Denbigh, Moroney's side went on to win the Welsh Alliance Division One and gain promotion to the Huws Gray Cymru Alliance. Conwy also reached the final of the FAW Trophy (held at Belle Vue)) where they led by two goals to nil until the 91st minute and somehow conceded three goals in as many minutes to gift Holywell Town the Trophy in one of the most dramatic finals in years. Conwy United also won the Fairplay League and young star Toby Jones picked up the top goalscorer award with a forty plus tally in all competitions which earned the youngster a move to full-time at Neath.
In the 2011–12 season, Conwy got off to a flying start in the 2nd tier of Welsh football winning their first four games under new management Steve Jones and Dean Martin. However, form dropped dramatically and in December the duo left the club. former chairman Geoff Cartwright appointed Mick McGrath as manager who signed a number of key players the team needed including Dean Canning, John Owen and Eddie Jebb (on-loan from Bangor City). The club went on to finish 10th.
In April 2012 the Football Association of Wales domestic committee approved a name change request that from the 2012–13 season the club was to be renamed Conwy Borough F.C
The club appointed Chris Herbert as the new first team manager in May 2012. The new manager re-structured the Y Morfa outfit in to a top three team which also lifted the league cup, when they beat Caersws on penalties in the final, with goalkeeper Terry McCormick saving two penalties, which was the Tangerines' 5th penalty shoot out win in cup competitions that season.
Chris Herbert and John Keegan left their posts in December 2013 and were replaced by players Darren Moss and Aden Shannon until the end of the season who guided the side to a second-placed finish. Moss was to remain in charge for the 2013–14 season but after a disappointing start was then was released by the club in November 2014 with Shannon taking temporary charge and overseeing an 11th-placed finish. Shannon was placed in permanent charge of the Tangerines for the 2015–16 season but history was to repeat itself when, after a poor start and with the club languishing in the relegation zone, was relieved of his duties and was eventually replaced by Jason Aldcroft and former TNS defender Tommy Holmes. Aldcroft oversaw wholesale changes to the squad and steered the club to safety with an eventual 11th-placed finish.
Off the field, the club has made giant strides in improving the stadium and its facilities and opened its new clubhouse building "Y Morfa Venue" in the summer of 2014. With a recent upgrade to the floodlights the club has moved a step closer to achieving a domestic club licence. With a thriving junior section a youth Academy has also been established and expanded as the club looks to develop more local talent in the future.
At the close of the 2015–16 season, the resignations of Geoff Cartwright (chair) and Darren cartwright (Vice Chair) due to personal commitments were accepted by the board of directors along with the appointment of Gareth Thomas as first team manager & assistant Alun Winstanley.
August 2017 saw the introduction of new directors to the Executive board – local businessman Luke Blundell, Solicitor Chris Wilton & existing Committee member Craig Crossfield.
Past players
Past players for the club who have gone on to the Football League include Emmanuel James Will Udo, Neville Southall, Carl Dale Hugh McAuley and Kevin Ellison.
Seasons
Conwy United deducted 2 points.
Conwy United deducted 3 points for failing to fulfil a fixture.
Conwy United deducted 3 points.
Conwy United deducted 3 points for failing to fulfil a fixture.
External links
Official Website
References
Football clubs in Wales
Welsh Alliance League clubs
Association football clubs established in 1977
Conwy
Sport in Conwy County Borough
1977 establishments in Wales
Cymru Premier clubs
Cymru Alliance clubs
Cymru North clubs
Gwynedd League clubs
Welsh League North clubs |
21036502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield%20Farm%20%28Williamsport%2C%20Maryland%29 | Springfield Farm (Williamsport, Maryland) | Springfield Farm is a historic home and farm located at Williamsport, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It was built in three distinct parts, with the center, or original section, dating from the second half of the 18th century. This two-story plus attic beaded clapboard house is five bays wide with an entrance in the center bay of both the first and second stories on the east façade. The property includes a springhouse and stillhouse both of rough fieldstone, and several smaller buildings. It was a home of Revolutionary War General Otho Holland Williams (1749-1794).
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
The farm's barn was purchased by the Town of Williamsport, which now operates the Williamsport Town Museum in the former milk parlor.
References
External links
Springfield Farm and Museum - Town of Williamsport
, including photo from 1973, at Maryland Historical Trust
Farm museums in Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Houses in Washington County, Maryland
Museums in Washington County, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Maryland |
27967674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Ingram | Lee Ingram | Lee Royston Ingram (born 10 January 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ingram was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Cambridge, Cambridgeshire.
Ingram played a single Minor Counties Championship fixture for Cambridgeshire against Staffordshire in 1984.
In 1999 he made his List-A debut for Huntingdonshire against Bedfordshire in the 1st round of the 1999 NatWest Trophy. He played 2 further List-A matches for the county, firstly in the 1st round of the 2000 NatWest Trophy against a Hampshire Cricket Board side and lastly in the 2nd round of the same competition against a Yorkshire Cricket Board side. In his 3 List-A matches, he scored 18 runs at a batting average of 9.00 and a high score of 13. With the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 33.00, with best figures of 1/26.
References
External links
Lee Ingram at Cricinfo
Lee Ingram at CricketArchive
1965 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Cambridge
English cricketers
Cambridgeshire cricketers
Huntingdonshire cricketers |
35516888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012%20Dothan%20Pro%20Tennis%20Classic%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles | 2012 Dothan Pro Tennis Classic – Doubles | Valeria Solovieva and Lenka Wienerová were the defending champions, but Wienerová chose not to participate.
Solovieva partnered up with Sally Peers, but lost in the first round to Alexa Glatch and Melanie Oudin.
Eugenie Bouchard and Jessica Pegula won the title, defeating Sharon Fichman and Marie-Ève Pelletier in the final, 6–4, 4–6, [10–5].
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
Main Draw
Dothan Pro Tennis Classic - Doubles
Hardee's Pro Classic |
17277093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathodaemon%20%28disambiguation%29 | Agathodaemon (disambiguation) | An agathodaemon or agathodaimon was a spirit of vineyards and grainfields in the religion of the ancient Greeks.
Agathodaemon or Agathodaimon may also refer to
Set (deity), the Egyptian god
The Canopic Branch of the Nile Delta, called the Agathodaemon or Agathodaimon in Ptolemy's Geography
Agathodaemon (alchemist), the 3rd-century Egyptian alchemist
Agathodaemon of Alexandria, an Egyptian cartographer of uncertain date connected with Ptolemy's Geography
Agathodaemon, a Martian canals named for the cartographer
Agathodaemon (grammarian), the 5th-century Egyptian grammarian
Agathodaimon (band), a German band playing death metal
Agathos Daimon (boxer), who died in ancient Olympia aged 35 having promised Zeus victory or death. |
25587056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Harris%20%28comics%29 | Mike Harris (comics) | Michael Jay Harris (born 1962) is an American comic book artist who was active in the industry from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s.
Harris was able to use his personal interests in weapons and martial arts to establish himself as an illustrator for characters like The Punisher and G.I. Joe, and titles like Cops: The Job, and No Escape.
Biography
Harris attended New York City's Stuyvesant High School ('79) where he studied under Frank McCourt and School of Visual Arts, where he studied under Will Eisner, Harvey Kurtzman, Marshall Arisman, and Gil Stone; Harris's influences included J. C. Leyendecker, Heinrich Kley, and Neal Adams.
Breaking into the industry in 1985, Harris worked as a fill-in artist on several Marvel Comics titles, such as Web of Spider-Man, The 'Nam, Nomad, and Nova: Deathstorm. Harris (with writer David Michelinie) co-created the Spider-Man enemies Chance and Foreigner, both in Web of Spider-Man #15 (June 1986). Later, Harris contributed to Punisher War Zone, and Punisher War Journal, and illustrated the Marvel limited series Cops: The Job, No Escape, and Dragon Strike.
During the 1980s, before becoming a Marvel Comics regular, Harris also freelanced for DC Comics (where he illustrated, among others, All-Star Squadron), Comico, Deluxe Comics, Eclipse Comics, Fantagraphics, First Comics, and Harris Publications. In the mid-1990s, Harris worked for Tekno Comix/Big Entertainment on such titles as Lost Universe and Lady Justice.
During this period Harris also did some G.I. Joe mini-comics, which were packaged with the toys; and illustrated a Magnus, Robot Fighter trading card for Valiant Comics.
Leaving comic books in 1997, Harris moved on to the computer game and animation industries. While working at Interplay, his artwork for Max 2 was included in the Society of Illustrators 40th Annual Exhibition. Harris has had no significant comic book credits since 1999, but contributes Editorial Cartoons to the American Thinker online magazine on a regular basis.
Harris enlisted in the New York National Guard in 1986 as a 19D Cavalry Scout. He was selected for Officer Candidate School and was commissioned as an armored cavalry officer in 1988, and is proficient with a variety of small arms, armor weapons and demolitions. He is also a martial arts student, having studied judo, aikido, Taekwondo, and T'ang Soo Do. He has served in a variety of positions with the Army Reserve and National Guard, and was assessed to the Active Guard Reserve program in 2004. Harris has served combat tours in Iraq and continued to produce artwork for the Army informally while working in operational assignments. He retired from the Army in 2016, at the rank of lieutenant colonel, with 30 years of active and reserve service.
Bibliography
Comics work includes:
All-Star Squadron #48-49, #61-62 [cover only] (DC, August—September 1985, September-October 1986)
Web of Spider-Man #6, (Marvel, November 1985),13-15 (Marvel, April-June 1986)
The Amazing Spider-Man #278 (Marvel, July 1986) - Part of the Scourge of the Underworld crossover story
Punisher: The Prize (with writer C.J. Henderson) (Marvel Comics, 1990)
Punisher War Zone #9-11 (Marvel Comics)
Magnus, Robot Fighter trading cards (Valiant, Dec. 1991) — card #13, Mogul Badur
Cops: The Job (Marvel, June–Sept. 1992)
Daredevil Vs. Vapora #1 (Marvel, 1993)
Dragon Strike (Marvel, Feb. 1994) — official adaptation of the TSR, Inc. role-playing game DragonStrike.
Penthouse Comix #1 (Penthouse, Spring 1994)
No Escape limited series (Marvel, June–Sept. 1994) — Novel/movie adaptation based on 1987 novel The Penal Colony (1987) and 1994 screenplay No Escape.
Lady Justice volume 2 (with writer Neil Gaiman) (Tekno Comix, June 1996–February 1997)
Non-comics work includes:
Beat the House computer game, Interplay Entertainment, Inc. 1997
Conquest 2 computer game, Interplay Entertainment, Inc. 1998
MAX2 computer game, Interplay Entertainment, Inc. 1998
Godzilla: The Series (animation), Adelaide Productions, Inc. 1998
Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles (animation), Adelaide Productions, Inc. 1998
Heavy Gear (animation), Adelaide Productions, Inc. 1999
Jackie Chan Adventures (animation), Adelaide Productions, Inc. 1999
Notes
References
Mike Harris at Lambiek's Comiclopedia
Official Site https://mikeharrisartwork.wordpress.com
Stuyvesant High School alumni
School of Visual Arts alumni
Living people
United States Army officers
1962 births
American comics artists
Jewish American artists
21st-century American Jews |
3480542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denison%20smock | Denison smock | The Denison smock was a coverall jacket issued to Special Operations Executive (SOE) agents, the Parachute Regiment, the Glider Pilot Regiment, Air Landing Regiments, Air Observation Post Squadrons, Commando units, and other Commonwealth airborne units, to wear over their Battle Dress uniform during the Second World War. The garment was also issued as standard to the scout and sniper platoons of line infantry battalions.
The smock was initially worn over the paratrooper's webbing equipment, but under his parachute pack and harness, as its primary purpose was to prevent the wearer's equipment from snagging while emplaned or during a jump. It was equally useful for camouflage and as a windproof garment that provided a method of carrying ammunition or equipment. Contemporary photographs show that airborne troops preferred to wear the smocks under their webbing once they had landed.
Development
The smock replaced an expedient first issue khaki-drill paratroop jump-jacket that had been directly copied in 1940 from the German parachutist’s Knochensack ("bone sack"). This first "smock" was designed to be stepped into and pulled up over the body like a set of overalls which had had the legs removed from mid-thigh. The new Denison smock was put on and removed by pulling over the head: the collar zipped open as far as the chest, making it a true smock style. The zip was covered by a cloth flap, which had no buttons or other method to fasten it down. Introduced in 1942, the "Airborne Smock Denison Camouflage" bore a camouflage pattern designed by a Major Denison, a member of a camouflage unit under the command of eminent stage designer Oliver Messel. An alternative name was the "Smock Denison Airborne Troops".
The Denison was a popular garment among officers who could acquire them—Company Sergeant Major CC Martin, DCM, MM of The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada mentioned in his memoir Battle Diary that senior officers and sergeant majors of his battalion wore the Denison universally.
1st Pattern
The smock was made from loose-fitting, yellowish-sand coloured, heavyweight twill material, allegedly hand-painted with broad, mop like brushes using non-colourfast dyes in broad pea green and dark brown stripes, or "brush-strokes". With use the base colour faded to a sandy buff, and the overlaid shades gained a blended appearance. The colours of the 1st pattern smock were thought to best suit the wearer to the North African and Italian theatres. It had a half length zip fastener made of steel, knitted woollen cuffs, four external pockets that secured with brass snaps (two on the chest and two below the waist), two internal pockets on the chest, and epaulettes that secured with plastic battle dress buttons. The inside of the collar was lined with soft khaki flannel (or in senior officer's smocks, Angora wool). A “beaver tail” fastened beneath the crotch from the back to the front of the smock - which kept it from riding up during a parachute descent. When not used, the tail would hang down behind the wearer's knees, hence the nickname "men with tails", given by the Arabs in North Africa in 1942. The smock was styled as a very loose garment, since it would be worn over Battle Dress, but it could be adjusted to some extent with tightening tabs on both sides of the lower part of the smock.
The smock was most commonly associated with British and Commonwealth airborne units, and the Special Air Service Regiment, after D-Day, but its initial use was by members of the Special Operations Executive (SOE), parachuted or landed into enemy territory between 1941 and 1944. In the early smocks the colours were meant to be impermanent and wash out, leaving the garment looking like a typical French artisan or labourer’s chemise, and thus, hopefully, aiding the wearer's Escape and Evasion chances. As the newly formed Airborne Forces expanded, so the need for smocks grew, meaning that they were by now screen printed for easier production.
For use by Airborne troops, the Denison was worn over the battledress and under the webbing, with a sleeveless green denim oversmock being worn over the ensemble to prevent rigging lines snagging in the webbing and causing a 'chute malfunction. This sleeveless smock had a long external zip (often removed and used to make the half-zip Denisons full zip), a monkey tail that press studded to the outside front of the oversmock and two elasticated open pockets on the lower front which were to hold grenades for use whilst in the air or immediately upon landing. After a successful parachute landing fall, the oversmock was discarded.
2nd Pattern
The 1st Pattern smock design was replaced in 1944 by a second pattern which had buttoning tabs at the cuffs and brass snap fasteners to stow the tail flap on the back of the jacket when not needed. Other detail differences included reduced length and tube shaped rather than tapered sleeves. In order to make it more wind-proof, the tops of woollen socks were often sewn to the cuffs. The half-length zip fastener on this smock was made of brass. The colours of the 2nd pattern also differed from those of the earlier smocks, the base colour varying from a light to a medium olive combination, with overlying brushstrokes of reddish brown and dark olive green. These colours were thought better suited to the North Western European theatre.
Variations
Denisons of either pattern issued to officers had woollen collar linings. By the time of the D-Day airdrops, some officers had had their jackets modified with a full length zip by their personal tailors, since this was not available on the issue item. Wartime photographs show that some other ranks had their smocks serviced the same way by the unit tailor. The zip was most commonly removed from the 1942 Parachutist's Oversmock, a longer, sleeveless, fully zipped jump-jacket, made of a grey-green denim material that was worn under the parachute harness, but over everything else (including the Denison). This Parachutist's Oversmock also featured a tail flap and its sole intention was to prevent the paratroopers equipment from snagging while emplaned or during a jump. It was to be discarded on landing. The oversmock had capacious elasticated pockets on the skirt, intended as a safer way to carry grenades. These pockets were sometimes removed and added to the Denisons as well.
A sniper's variant of the Denison smock is known, in effect an issue smock with a specialized pocket (approximately 10" x 10") added to the left rear in which could be carried food & water, maps, ammunition, and other small equipment. Modifications were done at the unit level and known examples all vary from one sample to the next.
The Royal Marines used a version which had the half zip replaced with buttons and loops for fastening the opening.
A waterproof Denison in waxed dark green material was also very rarely found during the War.
Windproof smock
The 1942 Pattern Smock, Windproof, with matching over-trousers, in lighter-weight denim, had a similar appearance to the Denison but was designed to be worn as an outer windproof layer over Battledress. It was issued to infantry battalions from 1943. Both items were screen printed with colour-fast pigments in a bold Splinter pattern camouflage similar to that of the 'brushstroke' pattern applied to the Denison. The pattern has a base colour of pink with overlying brushstrokes of plum, pale green and dark brown. The Smock, Windproof and trousers were also issued to British troops in Korea during the winter of 1950.
It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "SAS Windproof". It was not designed much for parachuting, and lacked a crotch flap, having a drawstring hem instead. The most distinctive point of difference between 'Windproofs' and the Denison smock are that the former are hooded.
Windproof smocks and trousers were worn by French paratroopers in Indochina, and to a lesser extent in Algeria. The French referred to the pattern as "sausage skin".
Variations of the 'Windproof' have been the basic Special Forces smock until the present, with several alternative colours seen over the years - white (or at least natural cotton) for LRDG's desert use; olive green; black; and, in now very rare later issues of the Smock, Windproof, 1963 Pattern, the DPM introduced in the late 1960s. The current issue Smock, Windproof is in the latest variation of the DPM design.
SOE Jumpsuit
A camouflaged overall garment in a similar camouflage pattern along with a matching cloth helmet were issued to the SOE and allied agents parachuting into occupied Europe and were discarded shortly after descent. SOE jumpsuits were also issued in white for winter/arctic environments.
Post-war
The Denison smock (or Smock, camouflage on later garments) remained on inventories in Commonwealth and other militaries after the Second World War, and was popular with troops in Korea. It remained standard combat dress for the Royal Marines and the Parachute Regiment until the mid-1970s (see below), and changed little from the wartime issue. A full length brass zip had become standard with no cloth flap to cover it and the knitted cuffs deleted on the 2nd Pattern smock were reintroduced. The base colour of the camouflage pattern was now a lighter khaki shade. The "Newey" press studs changed from brass/copper to nickel-plated versions.
1959 Pattern
The Denison was significantly modified in the 1959 Pattern. This had a higher hem line, and was much less baggy. This was because wearing it over the personal carrying equipment (but under the parachute harness) while parachuting was no longer the practice. The '59 Pattern retained the full length zip and knitted wool cuffs, but the flannel lining of the collar was changed from khaki to light green. The most obvious difference to the eye, however, was the change in pattern and colours of the camouflage. The pattern became less random, more defined, with broad, vertical brush-strokes, and greater contrast between the base light khaki and the overprinted tones. The green was much darker than previous versions, and the brown was now chocolate, rather than brick. Where green and brown overlapped, they formed a fourth, darker, olive brown colour.
Replacement
The British Army had officially adopted a DPM combat uniform for general use in 1972, and a Smock, combat, DPM was introduced as the general issue jacket of the range. Both the Royal Marines and the Parachute Regiment, together with Air Despatchers of 47 Air Despatch Squadron (RCT) and the 395th Air Despatch Troop (RCT) (V), continued to wear the Denison smock, (typically with olive green Trousers, combat, 1960 pattern for field use or "lightweight" trousers in barracks and walking-out) until the late 1970s. The Bermuda Militia Artillery and the Bermuda Rifles (after 1965 amalgamated into the Bermuda Regiment, now the Royal Bermuda Regiment), the territorial units of the British colony of Bermuda, wore the Denison from the 1950s until adopting the 1968 Pattern DPM uniform at the end of the 1970s. This presumably resulted from the many officers and other ranks who had served in the Parachute Regiment, Special Air Services and other special forces during the Second World War.
"Although a status symbol in the British Army, the Denison," wrote ex-SAS officer, Barry Gregory, "was windproof but not waterproof and stank after use like a coal-miner's sweat shirt. I used it in extremis as a pillow when sleeping out with sleeping-bag and poncho to keep my head above ground level."
In the UK, the DPM Smock, Parachutist's began to replace the Denison smock beginning in 1977. The new DPM replacement was not constructed of the Denison’s heavyweight twill, but was instead made from the same cotton material as the ’68-Pattern combat jacket. However, it was cut like the Denison smock, with smaller Newey press-stud (snap) fastened (but now bellowed) pockets, a full length zip without buttons down the front, the traditional olive green knitted wool cuffs, and a 'crotch flap' on the outside of the back. With the introduction of the British Army's multi-terrain camouflage pattern (MTP), a version of the "Smock, Parachutist" in that pattern was issued.
The Canadian Airborne Regiment was first issued an olive green replacement for the Denison in the 1950s, and in 1975 a Disruptive Pattern parachute smock entered service, remaining in the inventory until the regiment disbanded in 1995.
Legacy
Belgian special forces units serving with the British during the Second World War included the Belgian Special Air Service (SAS). On their return to Belgium after the war, the unit (and its successors) continued to wear the Denison Smock, with the design following a separate evolutionary path there (M54 in Moon and Balls pattern, M56 in Belgian brushstroke pattern, and M58 in jigsaw pattern).
The French SAS wore the Denison while fighting with Free French Forces to liberate France during WWII, and continued to wear it after the war. The Denison smock was also utilized by most of the soldiers in the French army's 8e Batallion de Parachutistes de Choc (8e BPC) in Indochina, including while the unit was at Dien Bien Phu; the majority of the smocks worn were in their original configuration, but modifications (particularly to the front and neck openings) were often made by local tailors or unit riggers.
The British Denison smock also heavily influenced the design of the French jump smock models 1947/51 and 1947/52.
The characteristic “brushstroke” camouflage pattern used on the Denison Smock has had a notable influence on the development of camouflage clothing worldwide. As well as being the design antecedent of its replacement, the four colour Disruptive Pattern, the Denison clearly inspired camouflage patterns used by Belgium, France, Rhodesia, Pakistan, and India.
The most important development based on Denison pattern was the French Lizard pattern, in which the green and brown brush-strokes were more frequent, but much smaller, on a light greyish green base. Lizard evolved into two main styles: vertical, and horizontal (indicating the general direction of the brushstrokes). Other developments changed the shape of the brushstrokes, using intricate grass-like patterns in the Rhodesian pattern, or palm frond-like sprays in the Indian pattern. South African Denison Smocks (later replaced by the Slangvel) were plain sand coloured.
See also
British Army Uniform
DPM Parachute Smock—Replacement of Denison Smock for British Army
Knochensack
Smock Windproof DPM
Rhodesian Brushstroke
References
External links
Larson, Eric H. "History of the British Airborne Camouflage Denison Smock", Camopedia.org.
Petit, P. "SAS B Ponchardier Uniforms", "Codo Ponchardier".
South Vietnamese SAS Camouflage Fatigues
British Army equipment
British military uniforms
Coats (clothing)
Military uniforms
Military equipment introduced in the 1940s |
44664073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20I.%20Sachs | Benjamin I. Sachs | Benjamin I. Sachs (born 1971) is Kestnbaum Professor of Labor and Industry at Harvard Law School, a chair previously held by Harvard economist James L. Medoff (1947-2012). A member of the Advisory Committee of the Labour Law Research Network, he also serves (with Harvard economist Richard B. Freeman) as a faculty co-chair of the Labor and Worklife Program at Harvard Law School. He is co-founder (with Harvard Law professor Jack Goldsmith) of the blog "Onlabor”.
A specialist in the field of labor law and labor relations, Sachs teaches classes with the following titles: "Labor Law," Employment Law," and "The Law and Social Change Workshop." His publications in law reviews primarily cover labor organizing as well as the activities and legal status of unions in U.S. politics. His proposal in 2012 for reform of campaign finance rules has stimulated debate on how best to rein in corporate power after the landmark decision in Citizens United v. FEC (2010) by the Supreme Court of the United States.
Biography
Career
Sachs obtained a BA from Oberlin College in 1993. He then attended Yale Law School, receiving a JD in 1998. After graduation, he became a judicial law clerk during 1998 and 1999 for Stephen Reinhardt of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. He would later publish in the Yale Law Journal an analysis of Reinhardt’s jurisprudence in the field of labor law. Reinhardt made around 150 rulings in US labor law cases, and Sachs focused on three aspects: the protection of workers from retaliation for organizing under provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA),the ability of undocumented workers to assert rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the scope for unions to spend member dues on organizing new workers.
Sachs worked from 1999 to 2002 as an attorney for Make the Road by Walking, a Brooklyn-based community organization representing working-class neighborhoods in New York City and Long Island. He then took the post of Assistant General Counsel for the Service Employees International Union between 2002 and 2006.
He held the Joseph Goldstein Fellowship as well as lectureship appointments at Yale Law School starting in fall 2005. He joined the Harvard Law School faculty in 2008.
Academic work
Sachs writes about labor issues through the blog "onlabor.org" and op-ed pieces that have appeared in The New York Times. In the latter, he has argued that the law should recognize “food workers” as a legal category and then offer a set of heightened employment protections to this class of employees in order to ensure food safety and public health. He has also called for greater rights for workers to form political unions at the workplace, a kind of organization that could be “unbundled” from the collective bargaining function of traditional unions.
In the aftermath of the 2010 decision in Citizens United v. FEC, in which the Supreme Court ruled that corporations have broad rights to spend monies from corporate treasuries on political campaigns, Sachs wrote in the Columbia Law Review that since labor unions face the constraint imposed by the federal government permitting individual members to opt out and ask for a refund of dues used for political spending, corporations should also be compelled to provide an opt-out provision for shareholders who object to political spending from corporate treasuries. In The New York Times (July 13, 2012), Sachs described what he saw as a fundamental injustice in this legal lack of symmetry: “What Citizens United failed to account for…. is that a significant portion of the money that corporations are spending on politics is financed by equity capital provided by public pension funds — capital contributions that the government requires public employees to finance with their paychecks. This consequence of Citizens United is perverse: requiring public employees to finance corporate electoral spending amounts to compelled political speech and association, something the First Amendment flatly forbids.”
Sachs’s writings about the Citizens United decision has provoked debates. Matthew T. Bodie, professor at the St. Louis University School of Law, countered in the Columbia Law Review with an interpretation suggesting that both labor unions and corporations should be regarded as economic actors pursuing business interests. In contrast to Sachs, he believes that the correct path to attaining legal symmetry is to remove the Supreme Court’s imposed rules requiring labor unions to provide opt-out rights and compensation for members.
Jamin B. Raskin, professor of constitutional law at American University and majority whip of the Maryland State Senate, discussed Sachs' proposed reform delivered the 2014 Jerry Wurf Memorial Lecture at Harvard. Raskin expressed dislike for how the Supreme Court is increasingly treating corporations as political membership groups while undermining that status for labor unions. In his view, unions have much deeper provisions for democratic one-person, one-vote rules for the membership than corporations dominated by big shareholders. For Raskin, moreover, the Sachs reform ultimately cannot stem the rising tide of corporate wealth overwhelming the political system. Arguing that Citizens United represents such an acute rupture and power shift from previous rulings, he judges that rule changes Sachs proposes "would make little practical difference." He observed, “Corporations have trillions of dollars in the treasury—not from the generosity of individual political contributors but from business and investment activity completely apart from politics--and they can spend billions of dollars on political ventures quite effortlessly. The labor movement has shrunk in size, wealth, and power, and has only the dues of its embattled working-class members to contribute and spend. This is a sum measured today not in trillions or billions but in millions. Labor cannot enter a fair political fight on the terrain that has been defined by Citizens United."
Honors
In 2013, Harvard Law School gave Sachs the Sacks-Freund Award for Teaching Excellence. Previously he was the Joseph Goldstein Fellow at Yale Law School where he won the Yale Law School teaching award in 2007.
Selected publications
Books
Sachs, Benjamin I. Reorganizing Work: The Evolution of Work Changes in the Japanese and Swedish Automobile Industries (Garland Publishing 1994).
Law review publications
Sachs, Benjamin and Catherine Fisk, “Restoring Equity in Right-to-Work Law,” 4 U.C. Irvine L. Rev. 857 (2014)
Sachs, Benjamin I. "The Unbundled Union: Politics Without Collective Bargaining," 123 Yale L. J. 100 (2013).
Sachs, Benjamin I. “How Pensions Violate Free Speech,” New York Times, July 13, 2012, p. A23.
Sachs, Benjamin I. "Unions, Corporations, and Political Opt-Out Rights After 'Citizens United'," 112 Columbia Law Review 800 (2012).
Sachs, Benjamin I. "Despite Preemption: Making Labor Law in Cities and States," 124 Harvard Law Review 1153 (2011).
Sachs, Benjamin I. "David E. Feller Memorial Labor Law Lecture: Revitalizing Labor Law," 31 Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law 333 (2011).
Sachs, Benjamin I. "Enabling Employee Choice: A Structural Approach to the Rules of Union Organizing," 123 Harvard Law Review 655 (2010).
Sachs, Benjamin I. "Reinhardt at Work," 120 Yale Law Journal 573 (2010).
Sachs, Benjamin I. "Employment Law as Labor Law," 29 Cardozo Law Review 2685 (2008).
Sachs, Benjamin I. "Labor Law Renewal," 1 Harvard Law & Policy Review 375 (2007).
Other publications
References
External links
Official CV at Yale Law School
official biography at Harvard Law School
onlabor blog
Harvard Law School faculty
Yale Law School alumni
1971 births
Living people |
67129416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1rakonak%2C%20Kemaliye | Sırakonak, Kemaliye | Sırakonak is a village in the Kemaliye District of Erzincan Province in Turkey.
References
Villages in Kemaliye District |
44560316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie%20Purves | Charlie Purves | Charles Reuben Purves (17 February 1921 – 20 June 2013) was an English footballer who played as an inside-forward in the 1940s and 1950s. He played in the Football League for Charlton Athletic and Southampton.
Playing career
Purves was born in High Spen, County Durham and as a child was a keen supporter of his local club, Newcastle United. Although he was taken on by them as a trainee, he failed to make the grade but played youth football for various clubs in the north-east.
In October 1946, he moved to London to join First Division club Charlton Athletic. In his first season at The Valley, Charlton won the FA Cup, defeating Burnley 4–0 in the Final. Purves was not in the team for the semi-final match against his boyhood heroes, Newcastle United, and turned up to watch the match at Elland Road, Leeds wearing a Newcastle United rosette, much to the displeasure of Charlton's manager, Jimmy Seed.
After five years at Charlton Athletic for whom he made 46 Football League appearances, scoring four goals, he was signed for Southampton in June 1951. He made his Southampton debut on 15 September 1951, when he took the place of Ted Bates at inside-right for a 2–0 victory over Doncaster Rovers. Although he played for five of the next six matches, he then lost his place to Jimmy McGowan. Described as a "constructive inside-right", his personal best season for the "Saints" came in 1952–53, when he made 21 appearances, although Southampton ended second from bottom and were relegated to the Third Division. Although Purves played in the opening two matches of the 1953–54 season, he was then dropped in favour of Roy Williams; his final Southampton appearance came on 6 March 1954. At the end of the season he was released, having made a total of 36 appearances with four goals for Southampton.
Later career
After retiring from full-time football, Purves remained in the Southampton area, working at Vosper Thornycroft and continuing to play non-league football until his mid-40s, including a period as player-manager of Basingstoke Town.
Purves was married to Ivy Grace and had daughters Christine, Angela and sons Alan and David. He died on 20 June 2013.
References
Bibliography
External links
Obituary
Margate FC profile
1921 births
2013 deaths
People from High Spen
Footballers from County Durham
English footballers
English Football League players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Shildon A.F.C. players
Walker Celtic F.C. players
Spennymoor United F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Sittingbourne F.C. players
Margate F.C. players
Chatham Town F.C. players
Dorchester Town F.C. players
Basingstoke Town F.C. players
Association football inside forwards |
41568413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamalabad%2C%20Isfahan | Kamalabad, Isfahan | Kamalabad (, also Romanized as Kamālābād; also known as Kamal Abadé Jarghooyeh and Kamālābād-e Jarqūyeh) is a village in Jarqavieh Olya Rural District, Jarqavieh Olya District, Isfahan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,558, in 429 families.
References
Populated places in Isfahan County |
31063201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Meier | Stefan Meier | Stefan Meier (November 6, 1889 in Neustadt in the Black Forest – 19 September 1944 in Mauthausen concentration camp) was a German politician (SPD) who was one of the MPs who voted against the adoption of the Enabling Act which formed the legal basis for the establishment of the Nazi dictatorship.
Life and work
German Empire (1889 to 1919)
After attending elementary school in St. Georgen near Freiburg im Breisgau in the years 1897 to 1904, Stefan Meier was working one year as a farm worker. From July 1905 to December 1908, he took a commercial apprenticeship. In 1906, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). From October 1909 to September 1910 Meier was in the military. Then he worked until the First World War in various companies as executive assistant and clerk. Meier fought in the war from August 1914 to November 1918. In July 1915, during the war he became engaged with Emma Hofheinz. The marriage produced a daughter, Margret and sons Huber and Richard.
Weimar Republic (1919 to 1933)
The first political offices which Meier took were in local politics. From May 1919 up until October 1927, he was a city councilor in Freiburg. He also held the post of party secretary of the SPD for the district of Freiburg. In 1922, Meier was a self-employed businessperson.
In December 1924, Meier was elected to the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic. During the next four legislative sessions (December 1924-November 1932), he represented the 32nd constituency. After his temporary departure from the Reichstag in the election of November 1932, Meier returned in the election of March 1933 to the Berlin parliament, where he saw the final loss of his mandate in June of that year.
Nazi era (1933 to 1944)
In March 1933, Meier was one of 94 MPs who voted against the adoption of the Enabling Act, which formed the legal basis for the establishment of the Nazi dictatorship and was finally passed by a majority of 444 to 94 votes.
From March 1933 to March 1934, Stefan Meier was held captive in "protective custody" at the concentration camp Ankenbuck. After his release, Meier was proprietor of a tobacco shop in Freiburg. In 1939, he served as a driver for the motorized police. In October 1941, Stefan Meier, after denunciation by a neighbor, was arrested again and sentenced by a Special Court of Freiburg Regional Court for undermining military strength or "conspiracy to commit high treason" to three years in prison. Immediately after the completion of his prison term, Stefan Meier was transferred to the Mauthausen concentration camp, where he died in September 1944. The noted cause of death was "acute heart failure". Before his arrest, Stefan Meier did not have a history of heart problems.
Honors and awards
Memorials for Stefan Meier are today found near his former home in the city Freiburg. Freiburg renamed named the Bismarck Street in honor of Stefan Meier as Stefan-Meier-Strasse (or Stefan Meier Street). In 1989, the city of Freiburg commemorated Meier's 100th Birthday with an event in the historic council chamber of the Freiburg City Hall. Since 1992, one of the ninety-six Stolpersteine (or Stumbling Stones), which are memorial stones placed in the street in front of the homes of members of parliament murdered by the Nazis, was dedicated to Meier.
References
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
People who died in Mauthausen concentration camp
1889 births
1944 deaths
Politicians who died in Nazi concentration camps
German civilians killed in World War II
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
People from Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald |
23972499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1789%20United%20States%20Senate%20elections%20in%20New%20York | 1789 United States Senate elections in New York | The 1789 United States Senate election in New York was held in July 1789 to elect two U.S. Senators to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate. It was the first such election, and before the actual election the New York State Legislature had to establish the proceedings how to elect the senators.
Background
The United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, and then ratified by the States. On July 8, 1788, the Congress of the Confederation passed a resolution calling the first session of the First United States Congress for March 4, 1789, and the election of U.S. Senators and U.S. Representatives in the meanwhile by the States. New York ratified the U.S. Constitution on July 26, 1788.
Legislation
In February and March 1789, the 12th New York State Legislature (term 1788-89) debated at length "An act for prescribing the times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators of the United States of America, to be chosen in this State" but the Anti-Federalist Assembly majority and the Federalist Senate majority could not agree, and they adjourned on March 3, without having elected U.S. Senators. Both sides expected to win the State election in April.
On June 4, Governor George Clinton called an extra session of the State Legislature to convene on July 6 at City Hall in Albany, New York. At the State election in April 1789, for a term beginning on July 1, a large Federalist majority had been elected to the New York State Assembly (65 members), estimated by State Senator James Duane at 42 to 22. The New York State Senate (24 members) continued with a slim Federalist majority.
The 13th New York State Legislature (term 1789-90) convened on July 6, and on July 11 passed "An act directing the manner of electing Senators to represent this State in the Senate of the United States," which required the election to be made by "concurrent vote" of both houses of the Legislature. This meant, if only one U.S. Senator was to be elected, that each house nominated a candidate, and if both houses nominated the same person ("concurred"), the nominee was elected. If the Assembly nominated one, the Senate another, then the Senate's nominee was voted upon in the Assembly and the Assembly's nominee in the Senate; if none of the nominees was accepted by the other house, the proceedings started at the beginning. If two U.S. Senators were to be elected, and Assembly and Senate chose different nominees, then the Assembly should elect one of the two Senate nominees, and the Senate one of the two Assembly nominees, effectively leaving one seat to be filled by each house of the Legislature.
On July 13, the law was submitted to the Council of Revision. On July 15, the Council objected to the law in two points:
The Council argued that the choice of U.S. Senators by the State Legislature, under the U.S. Constitution, did not require a State law, since the State Legislature does not act in its legislative capacity, and the U.S. Senators may be chosen simply by concurrent resolution. On the other side, if the U.S. Senators were appointed by a State law passed by the State Legislature, the Council of Revision could object to the appointees, forcing to demand a two-thirds majority to overcome the Council's veto.
The Council also took exception to the splitting of the seats in the case of two vacancies which would lead to one or both of the U.S. Senators being elected contrary to the wishes of one or both of the houses of the State Legislature.
Thus the law was vetoed, and the State Legislature was left to fill the seats without written rules. In practice, the Assembly and the Senate separately took a vote, and if the winner in both houses was the same, he was declared elected. If Assembly and Senate chose different persons, the houses met for a joint ballot, which occurred for the first time in 1802.
Election and aftermath
On July 16, after the Council of Revision had vetoed the law, State Senator Philip Schuyler and Assemblyman Rufus King, two Federalists, were appointed to the U.S. Senate by a joint resolution of both houses of the State Legislature. King took his seat on July 25, and drew the lot for Class 3, his term expiring on March 3, 1795. Schuyler took his seat on July 27, and drew the lot for Class 1, his term expiring on March 3, 1791. The 1st United States Congress convened at New York City, as did the regular session of the New York State Legislature in January 1790. Schuyler retained his seat in the State Senate while serving concurrently in the U.S. Senate. Schuyler was also elected on January 15 a member of the State's Council of Appointments which consisted of the Governor of New York, and four State Senators elected annually by the State Assembly. On January 27, the New York State Legislature resolved that it was "incompatible with the U.S. Constitution for any person holding an office under the United States government at the same time to have a seat in the Legislature of this State", and that if a member of the State Legislature was elected or appointed to a federal office, the seat should be declared vacant upon acceptance. Thus U.S. Senator Schuyler, Federal Judge James Duane and Congressmen John Hathorn and John Laurance vacated their seats in the State Senate. On April 3, John Cantine, a member of the Council of Appointments, raised the question if Schuyler, after vacating his State Senate seat, was still a member of the Council. Philip Livingston, another member, held that once elected a member could not be expelled in any case. On April 5, Governor Clinton asked the State Assembly for a decision, but the latter refused to do so, arguing that it was a question of law, which could be pursued in the courts. Schuyler thus kept his seat in the Council of Appointments until the end of the term.
Notes
Sources
The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 113 for State Senators 1788-89; pg. 114 for State Senators 1789-90; page 164 for Members of Assembly 1788-89; pg. 165 for Members of Assembly 1789-90)
The Documentary History of the First Federal elections 1788-1790 Vol. 3, by Gordon DenBoer (pages 514ff)
The First United States Congress
History of Political Parties in the State of New-York by Jabez Delano Hammond (pages 43f)
1789
New York
United States Senate |
6015575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junichi%20Usui | Junichi Usui | (born October 6, 1957 in Miyagi) is a retired Japanese long jumper, best known for finishing seventh at the 1984 Olympic Games.
International competitions
References
1957 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Miyagi Prefecture
Japanese male long jumpers
Olympic male long jumpers
Olympic athletes of Japan
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Asian Games gold medalists for Japan
Asian Games silver medalists for Japan
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1986 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1978 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1982 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1986 Asian Games
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade silver medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 1979 Summer Universiade
World Athletics Championships athletes for Japan
Japan Championships in Athletics winners |
12264847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Nelson%20Skinner | Charles Nelson Skinner | Charles Nelson Skinner (March 12, 1833 – September 22, 1910) was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician.
Born in Saint John, New Brunswick, the son of Samuel and Phoebe S. (Golding) Skinner, Skinner was educated at the public and Grammar schools of Saint John. After leaving school, he prepared for the legal profession. He studied law in the office of C. W. Stockton, and was admitted to the Bar, Trinity term, 1860. He commenced to practice his profession in partnership with George G. Gilbert, under the firm name of Gilbert & Skinner. This partnership lasted about four years, when he began practice in his own name, and so continued until January 1894, when he took his two sons into partnership, Charles S. and Sherwood Skinner, the firm name being C. N. Skinner & Sons.
He was a member of the New Brunswick Legislature from 1862 to 1868 and was Solicitor General from 1865 to 1868. From 1868 to 1885, he was a judge of probate. In 1887, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the City and County of St. John. He was also re-elected for the same constituency in 1891, but resigned his seat in 1892 when he was re-appointed a judge.
He was a member of the Orange Order and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He was married to Eliza J. McLaughlin and had five sons and three daughters.
Electoral record
External links
This article incorporates text from The Canadian album: men of Canada, Vol. 4, a publication now in the public domain.
1833 births
1910 deaths
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from New Brunswick
Lawyers in New Brunswick
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Colony of New Brunswick people
Judges in New Brunswick |
3120116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loughborough%20Inlet | Loughborough Inlet | Loughborough Inlet is one of the lesser principal inlets of the British Columbia Coast. It penetrates the Coast Mountains on the north side of the Discovery Islands archipelago, running about from its head at the mouth of the Stafford River to Chancellor Channel and Cordero Channel, which are on the north side of West Thurlow Island. A further west along Chancellor Channel is Johnstone Strait.
Loughborough Inlet averages about wide. Its mouth marks the east end of Chancellor Channel and the west end of Cordero Channel. The mouth of Loughborough Inlet is about midway between the mouths of Bute Inlet, to the east, and Knight Inlet, to the west.
Because of the arrangement of the mountain ranges separating the inlets, the upper end of Loughborough Inlet is only about from the nearest waters of Knight Inlet, but much farther from Bute Inlet.
History
James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's lieutenants during his 1791–95 expedition, first charted the inlet in 1792. Loughborough Inlet was the site of a large cannery town at Roy, which remains on the map as a locality.
See also
List of canneries in British Columbia
References
Fjords of British Columbia
Central Coast of British Columbia
Inlets of British Columbia |
17750778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrow%20Hill%20railway%20station | Barrow Hill railway station | Barrow Hill railway station is a former railway station in the village of Barrow Hill in northern Derbyshire, England.
History
The station was originally opened as "Staveley" in 1841, a year after the opening of the North Midland Railway. It was designed to serve the village of Staveley and the substantial ironworks near the station.
Allen's guide of 1842 writes of "Staveley upon the hill to the left ; Mr. Barrow's iron-works in the valley."
The station on what became known as the "Old Road" between Chesterfield and Rotherham Masborough. It was in an area undergoing rapid industrialisation. Iron working had been carried on for many centuries and Staveley works itself had been opened in 1702. The land originally had been owned by the Duke of Devonshire but the copyhold had been bought by Richard Barrow in 1840.
Whites Gazetteer, in 1857, records "Staveley Works, 1 mile E. from Staveley, is an ancient iron smelting establishment; there are documents in existence proving it to have been a place of considerable importance centuries ago, but its early history will not bear any comparison with the vastness of operations in the present day. Here are the collieries and extensive ironworks of Richard Barrow, Esq., with blast furnaces, producing 200 tons of metal weekly. Castings and foundry work of all kinds are executed at this extensive establishment. Neat residences for the clerks and overlookers have been built in the vicinity, besides a great number of cottages."
Local ore had been worked out by 1870, but the works continued to expand, bringing increasing work for the railway. The station was moved and rebuilt in 1888 in a new position when the Clowne Branch was opened.
There were three platforms, two on the main line and one for the branch, with typical Midland buildings, some in brick others of timber.
In 1870, a large locomotive shed was opened, known as Staveley (Barrow Hill) Depot, coded 18D by the LMS and renumbered 41E in 1958. It included a 24 "road" (track) roundhouse. It closed in 1991, but has been preserved and reopened in 1998 as Barrow Hill Roundhouse & Railway Centre.
In 1900, the station was renamed "Barrow Hill and Staveley Works". It was renamed again by British Railways in 1951, becoming plain Barrow Hill.
The station closed to regular passenger traffic in 1954 but remained in place for many years. On 26 September 1971, it was used for a shuttle service from Chesterfield in connection with an open day at Barrow Hill engine shed. It remained in use for special services until at least 1981.
Modern traffic
At 22 June 2013 the line is part of the Midland Main Line. It is used predominantly for freight, with a handful of passenger trains going the "long way round" from to via the Old Road and largely to retain staff route knowledge in case of diversions.
Passenger services
In 1922 passenger services calling at Barrow Hill were at their most intensive, with trains serving four destinations via five overlapping routes:
On Sundays only
stopping trains plied directly between and Chesterfield (MR) via the Old Road.
On Mondays to Saturdays three stopping services plied between Sheffield (MR) and Chesterfield
most ran direct down the "New Road" through and went nowhere near Barrow Hill.
the other two services went the "long way round" via the "Old Road". They set off north eastwards from Sheffield (MR) towards Rotherham then swung east to go south along the Old Road
one of these continued north past , a short distance before Masboro' then swung hard right, next stop , then all stations, including Barrow Hill, to Chesterfield,
the other continued past then swung right onto the Sheffield District Railway passing through or calling at and before , after which they called at all stations to Chesterfield.
Also on Mondays to Saturdays two stopping services plied between Mansfield (MR) and Chesterfield via Barrow Hill
some ran via the circuitous Clowne Branch through Elmton and Creswell, Clown (MR) and
others ran via the equally circuitous Doe Lea Branch through and .
Possible future
The lines from Barrow Hill and Foxlow Junction to Hall Lane Junction and thence to Seymour Junction and on to the former Markham Colliery have been mothballed as they run to the new Markham Vale Enterprise Zone at M1 Junction 29A.
The trackbed of the Clowne Branch from Seymour Junction has been protected too. Furthermore, the trackbed of the Oxcroft Branch off the Clowne Branch east of Seymour Junction has been protected as there remains the possibility of opencasting in the area. For example, in 2005 UK Coal (now Coalfield Resources), expressed an interest in extracting c530,000 tons near Mastin Moor.
See also
Four other stations have at some time included "Staveley" in their names:
on the Great Central Main Line about two miles east of Barrow Hill
on the Midland Railway Clowne Branch about 250 yds east of Staveley Central
on the "Chesterfield Loop" off the Great Central Main Line about half a mile south of Barrow Hill, and
on the Windermere Branch Line in Cumbria
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Disused railway stations in Derbyshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1841
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1954
Former Midland Railway stations |
34884985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yingpan | Yingpan | Yíngpán (营盘) may refer to the following locations in China:
Yingpan, Beihai, town in Tieshangang District, Beihai, Guangxi
Yingpan, Zhashui County, town in Zhashui County, Shaanxi
Yingpan, Fengqing County, town in Fengqing County, Yunnan
Yingpan, Lanping County, town in Lanping Bai and Pumi Autonomous County, Yunnan |