Datasets:

---

kleinay

/

qa_srl

like 0

[ "who", "_", "_", "debates", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "economists" ]

[ [ 16, 17 ] ]

[ "what", "did", "someone", "give", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "his opinion" ]

[ [ 8, 10 ] ]

[ "what", "was", "_", "given", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "that it was `` absolutely conceivable that the euro will replace the US dollar as reserve currency , or will be traded as an equally important reserve currency ''" ]

[ [ 13, 42 ] ]

[ "when", "did", "someone", "give", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "September 2007", "in September 2007" ]

[ [ 11, 13 ], [ 10, 13 ] ]

[ "who", "is", "_", "giving", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "Former US Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan", "Alan Greenspan", "Former US Federal Reserve Chairman" ]

[ [ 0, 7 ], [ 5, 7 ], [ 0, 5 ] ]

[ "how", "does", "something", "replace", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "as reserve currency", "as reserve currency , or will be traded as an equally important reserve currency" ]

[ [ 27, 30 ], [ 27, 41 ] ]

[ "what", "does", "something", "replace", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "the US dollar" ]

[ [ 24, 27 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "replaces", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "the euro" ]

[ [ 20, 22 ] ]

[ "what", "will", "_", "traded", "_", "as", "something", "?" ]

[ "the euro" ]

[ [ 20, 22 ] ]

[ "what", "will", "something", "traded", "_", "as", "_", "?" ]

[ "an equally important reserve currency", "as an equally important reserve currency" ]

[ [ 36, 41 ], [ 35, 41 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "slowed", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "euro 's increase in the share of the worldwide currency reserve basket", "the worldwide currency reserve basket", "worldwide currency reserve basket" ]

[ [ 9, 21 ], [ 16, 21 ], [ 17, 21 ] ]

[ "when", "did", "something", "slow", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "since 2007 and since the beginning of the worldwide credit crunch related recession", "since 2007", "considerably since 2007" ]

[ [ 24, 37 ], [ 24, 26 ], [ 23, 26 ] ]

[ "why", "did", "something", "slow", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "European sovereign-debt crisis", "and since the beginning of the worldwide credit crunch related recession and European sovereign-debt crisis", "recession", "worldwide credit crunch" ]

[ [ 38, 41 ], [ 26, 41 ], [ 36, 37 ], [ 32, 35 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "concluded", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "A 2009 consensus from the studies of the introduction of the euro", "consensus" ]

[ [ 0, 12 ], [ 2, 3 ] ]

[ "what", "did", "something", "conclude", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "that it has increased trade within the eurozone by 5 % to 10 %", "increased trade" ]

[ [ 13, 27 ], [ 16, 18 ] ]

[ "when", "did", "something", "conclude", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "2009" ]

[ [ 1, 2 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "increased", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "trade", "trade within the eurozone" ]

[ [ 17, 18 ], [ 17, 21 ] ]

[ "when", "is", "something", "increased", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "2009" ]

[ [ 1, 2 ] ]

[ "what", "did", "something", "suggest", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "increase", "an increase of only 3 %", "an increase of only 3 % while" ]

[ [ 33, 34 ], [ 32, 38 ], [ 32, 39 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "suggested", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "one study", "study" ]

[ [ 29, 31 ], [ 30, 31 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "estimated", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "one study", "another", "2009 consensus" ]

[ [ 29, 31 ], [ 39, 40 ], [ 1, 3 ] ]

[ "what", "was", "_", "estimated", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "9 to 14 %", "an increase", "trade within the eurozone" ]

[ [ 41, 45 ], [ 32, 34 ], [ 17, 21 ] ]

[ "what", "does", "something", "suggest", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "that the prevalence of positive estimates is caused by publication bias and that the underlying effect may be negligible", "that the prevalence of positive estimates is caused by publication bias" ]

[ [ 9, 28 ], [ 9, 20 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "suggests", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "a meta-analysis of all available studies" ]

[ [ 2, 8 ] ]

[ "how", "is", "something", "caused", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "by publication bias and that the underlying effect may be negligible", "by publication bias" ]

[ [ 17, 28 ], [ 17, 20 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "caused", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "the prevalence of positive estimates" ]

[ [ 10, 15 ] ]

[ "what", "does", "something", "find", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "no effect on trade" ]

[ [ 25, 29 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "finds", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "studies", "studies accounting for time trend reflecting general cohesion policies in Europe" ]

[ [ 2, 3 ], [ 2, 13 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "started", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "general cohesion policies in Europe" ]

[ [ 8, 13 ] ]

[ "when", "did", "something", "start", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "before", "before , and continue after implementing the common currency" ]

[ [ 15, 16 ], [ 15, 24 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "implemented", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "the common currency" ]

[ [ 21, 24 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "continues", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "studies", "general cohesion policies in Europe that started before" ]

[ [ 2, 3 ], [ 8, 16 ] ]

[ "when", "does", "something", "continue", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "after implementing the common currency", "after" ]

[ [ 19, 24 ], [ 19, 20 ] ]

[ "what", "did", "something", "reflect", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "general cohesion policies in Europe", "general cohesion policies" ]

[ [ 8, 13 ], [ 8, 11 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "reflected", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "studies", "studies accounting for time trend" ]

[ [ 2, 3 ], [ 2, 7 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "accounts", "_", "for", "something", "?" ]

[ "studies" ]

[ [ 2, 3 ] ]

[ "what", "does", "something", "account", "_", "for", "_", "?" ]

[ "for time trend reflecting general cohesion policies in Europe", "time trend" ]

[ [ 4, 13 ], [ 5, 7 ] ]

[ "what", "might", "something", "suggest", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "that other policies aimed at European integration might be the source of observed increase in trade", "that other policies aimed at European integration might be the source of observed increase in trade .", "policies" ]

[ [ 3, 19 ], [ 3, 20 ], [ 5, 6 ] ]

[ "what", "might", "_", "suggest", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "These results", "results" ]

[ [ 0, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "aimed", "_", "at", "something", "?" ]

[ "other policies", "policies" ]

[ [ 4, 6 ], [ 5, 6 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "something", "aimed", "_", "at", "_", "?" ]

[ "at European integration", "European integration" ]

[ [ 7, 10 ], [ 8, 10 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "observed", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "increase in trade" ]

[ [ 16, 19 ] ]

[ "what", "does", "something", "seem", "_", "_", "to do", "?" ]

[ "have had a strong effect on European financial integration", "to have had a strong effect on European financial integration" ]

[ [ 7, 16 ], [ 6, 16 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "seems", "_", "_", "to do something", "?" ]

[ "The introduction of the euro" ]

[ [ 0, 5 ] ]

[ "how", "has", "something", "reshaped", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "significantly" ]

[ [ 11, 12 ] ]

[ "what", "has", "_", "reshaped", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "it" ]

[ [ 8, 9 ] ]

[ "what", "has", "something", "reshaped", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "the European financial system" ]

[ [ 13, 17 ] ]

[ "what", "did", "something", "have", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "`` significantly reshaped the European financial system , especially with respect to the securities markets -LSB- ... -RSB- However , the real and policy barriers to integration in the retail and corporate banking sectors remain significant , even if the wholesale end of banking has been largely integrated . ''", "significantly reshaped the European financial system , especially with respect to the securities markets" ]

[ [ 10, 60 ], [ 11, 25 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "has", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "it" ]

[ [ 8, 9 ] ]

[ "how", "does", "something", "remain", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "significant" ]

[ [ 45, 46 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "remains", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "real and policy barriers to integration in the retail and corporate banking sectors", "sectors", "corporate banking sectors" ]

[ [ 31, 44 ], [ 43, 44 ], [ 41, 44 ] ]

[ "how", "has", "something", "integrated", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "largely" ]

[ [ 56, 57 ] ]

[ "what", "has", "_", "integrated", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "the wholesale end of banking", "wholesale end of banking" ]

[ [ 49, 54 ], [ 50, 54 ] ]

[ "what", "was", "_", "according", "_", "to", "something", "?" ]

[ "it has `` significantly reshaped the European financial system , especially with respect to the securities markets", "it has `` significantly reshaped the European financial system , especially with respect to the securities markets -LSB- ... -RSB- However , the real and policy barriers to integration in the retail and corporate banking sectors remain significant , even if the wholesale end of banking has been largely integrated . ''", "it has `` significantly reshaped the European financial system" ]

[ [ 8, 25 ], [ 8, 60 ], [ 8, 17 ] ]

[ "what", "was", "something", "according", "_", "to", "_", "?" ]

[ "a study", "a study on this question" ]

[ [ 2, 4 ], [ 2, 7 ] ]

[ "how much", "has", "something", "decreased", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "significantly" ]

[ [ 5, 6 ] ]

[ "what", "has", "_", "decreased", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "the euro" ]

[ [ 2, 4 ] ]

[ "what", "has", "something", "decreased", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "cost of trade in bonds , equity , and banking assets", "the cost of trade", "the cost of trade in bonds , equity , and banking assets" ]

[ [ 8, 19 ], [ 7, 11 ], [ 7, 19 ] ]

[ "what", "has", "_", "led", "_", "to", "something", "?" ]

[ "the introduction of the euro", "introduction of the euro" ]

[ [ 9, 14 ], [ 10, 14 ] ]

[ "what", "has", "something", "led", "_", "to", "_", "?" ]

[ "an integration", "an integration in terms of investment in bond portfolios" ]

[ [ 17, 19 ], [ 17, 26 ] ]

[ "where", "has", "something", "led", "_", "to", "something", "?" ]

[ "On a global level" ]

[ [ 0, 4 ] ]

[ "how", "is", "someone", "lending", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "more", "between each other" ]

[ [ 33, 34 ], [ 34, 37 ] ]

[ "who", "is", "_", "lending", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "eurozone countries" ]

[ [ 28, 30 ] ]

[ "why", "is", "something", "lent", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "an integration in terms of investment in bond portfolios", "the introduction of the euro has led to an integration in terms of investment in bond portfolios" ]

[ [ 17, 26 ], [ 9, 26 ] ]

[ "how", "is", "someone", "borrowing", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "more between each other than with other countries" ]

[ [ 33, 41 ] ]

[ "who", "is", "_", "borrowing", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "eurozone countries" ]

[ [ 28, 30 ] ]

[ "how", "was", "something", "issued", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "on a joint basis" ]

[ [ 19, 23 ] ]

[ "what", "was", "_", "issued", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "euro banknotes" ]

[ [ 17, 19 ] ]

[ "when", "was", "something", "issued", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "Since 5 January 2002" ]

[ [ 0, 4 ] ]

[ "who", "_", "_", "issued", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "the national central banks -LRB- NCBs -RRB- and the ECB", "national central banks -LRB- NCBs -RRB- and the ECB" ]

[ [ 5, 15 ], [ 6, 15 ] ]

[ "what", "doesn't", "_", "show", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "Euro banknotes" ]

[ [ 0, 2 ] ]

[ "what", "doesn't", "something", "show", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "which central bank issued them" ]

[ [ 5, 10 ] ]

[ "what", "did", "someone", "issue", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "them", "Euro banknotes" ]

[ [ 9, 10 ], [ 0, 2 ] ]

[ "who", "_", "_", "issued", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "central bank" ]

[ [ 6, 8 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "required", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "Eurosystem NCBs", "to accept euro banknotes" ]

[ [ 0, 2 ], [ 4, 8 ] ]

[ "why", "is", "something", "required", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "to accept euro banknotes put into circulation by other Eurosystem members", "to accept euro banknotes" ]

[ [ 4, 15 ], [ 4, 8 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "accepted", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "euro banknotes", "euro banknotes put into circulation by other Eurosystem members" ]

[ [ 6, 8 ], [ 6, 15 ] ]

[ "who", "is", "_", "accepting", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "Eurosystem NCBs" ]

[ [ 0, 2 ] ]

[ "why", "is", "someone", "accepting", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "are required", "required" ]

[ [ 2, 4 ], [ 3, 4 ] ]

[ "what", "was", "_", "put", "_", "_", "somewhere", "?" ]

[ "euro banknotes", "banknotes" ]

[ [ 6, 8 ], [ 7, 8 ] ]

[ "where", "was", "something", "put", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "into circulation" ]

[ [ 9, 11 ] ]

[ "who", "_", "_", "put", "something", "_", "somewhere", "?" ]

[ "by other Eurosystem members", "other Eurosystem members" ]

[ [ 11, 15 ], [ 12, 15 ] ]

[ "what", "isn't", "_", "repatriated", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "banknotes", "these banknotes" ]

[ [ 17, 18 ], [ 16, 18 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "issued", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "banknotes", "8 % of the total value of banknotes" ]

[ [ 10, 11 ], [ 3, 11 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "issuing", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "The ECB", "Eurosystem", "the Eurosystem" ]

[ [ 0, 2 ], [ 14, 15 ], [ 13, 15 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "put", "_", "into", "something", "?" ]

[ "the ECB 's banknotes", "ECB 's banknotes" ]

[ [ 3, 7 ], [ 4, 7 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "something", "put", "_", "into", "_", "?" ]

[ "into circulation", "circulation" ]

[ [ 9, 11 ], [ 10, 11 ] ]

[ "when", "is", "something", "put", "_", "into", "something", "?" ]

[ "In practice" ]

[ [ 0, 2 ] ]

[ "who", "_", "_", "puts", "something", "into", "something", "?" ]

[ "by the NCBs", "the NCBs" ]

[ [ 11, 14 ], [ 12, 14 ] ]

[ "how", "is", "something", "incurred", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "the ECB 's banknotes are put into circulation by the NCBs", "are put into circulation by the NCBs" ]

[ [ 3, 14 ], [ 7, 14 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "incurred", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "matching liabilities vis-à-vis the ECB", "the ECB 's banknotes" ]

[ [ 17, 22 ], [ 3, 7 ] ]

[ "what", "was", "_", "matching", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "liabilities" ]

[ [ 18, 19 ] ]

[ "what", "_", "_", "carries", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "These liabilities", "liabilities" ]

[ [ 0, 2 ], [ 1, 2 ] ]

[ "what", "does", "something", "carry", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "interest at the main refinancing rate of the ECB", "interest" ]

[ [ 3, 12 ], [ 3, 4 ] ]

[ "how", "is", "something", "issued", "_", "by", "someone", "?" ]

[ "in proportion to their respective shares", "in proportion to their respective shares in the capital key of the ECB" ]

[ [ 13, 19 ], [ 13, 26 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "issued", "_", "by", "someone", "?" ]

[ "The other 92 % of the euro banknotes", "euro banknotes" ]

[ [ 0, 8 ], [ 6, 8 ] ]

[ "who", "is", "something", "issued", "_", "by", "_", "?" ]

[ "the NCBs" ]

[ [ 11, 13 ] ]

[ "how", "is", "something", "calculated", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "using national share of European Union population and national share of European Union GDP , equally weighted", "using national share of European Union population and national share of European Union GDP" ]

[ [ 28, 45 ], [ 28, 42 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "used", "_", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "national share of European Union population and national share of European Union GDP", "national share" ]

[ [ 29, 42 ], [ 29, 31 ] ]

[ "what", "is", "_", "using", "something", "_", "_", "?" ]

[ "euro banknotes", "their respective shares in the capital key of the ECB", "calculated" ]

[ [ 6, 8 ], [ 16, 26 ], [ 27, 28 ] ]