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{: {: , : [If you want to go quickly, go alone. |
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translationzh如果想要走得远，结伴前行enIf you want to go far, go together.\]}} |
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{: {: , : [No they don't. They're small wires.\]}} |
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{: {: , : [Nothing is so dangerous to the progress of the human mind than to assume that our views of science are ultimate, that there are no mysteries in nature, that our triumphs are complete, and that there are no new worlds to conquer.\]}} |
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{: {: , : [Make words,\]}} |
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{: {: , : [Eat, Pray, Love\]}} |
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{: {: , : [Aren't you afraid you're never going to be able to top that? |
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translationzh“你不怕你会这样写一辈子，却永远再也写不出世人热爱的作品了吗？” “你不怕你会这样写一辈子，却永远再也写不出世人热爱的作品了吗？” “你不怕你会这样写一辈子，却永远再也写不出世人热爱的作品了吗？” “你不怕你会这样写一辈子，却永远再也写不出世人热爱的作品了吗？”enAren't you afraid you're going to keep writing for your whole life and you're never again going to create a book that anybody in the world cares about at all, ever again?\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "他们可真是会安慰人呀", "en": ["So that's reassuring, you know. |
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translationzh我的日子本来会很难熬，幸运的是，我想起了20年前决定成为作家的事情 我的日子本来会很难熬，幸运的是，我想起了20年前决定成为作家的事情 那时我才十几岁 我当时遭遇到了同样的质疑，人们说：你不怕永远都不会成功吗？enBut it would be worse, except for that I happen to remember that over 20 years ago, when I was a teenager, when I first started telling people that I wanted to be a writer, I was met with this same sort of fear-based reaction. |
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translationzh我当时遭遇到了同样的质疑，人们说：你不怕永远都不会成功吗？enAnd people would say, \]}} |
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{: {: , : [ Like that, you know. |
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translationzh对于这些质疑，最简单的回答是：“怕”enThe answer -- the short answer to all those questions is, \ |
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translationzh是的，这种种一切都让人害怕，直到今天也一样enYes, I'm afraid of all those things."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "是的，这种种一切都让人害怕，直到今天也一样", "en": ["And I always have been."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "其实除了这些，我还害怕很多别人猜不到的东西 其实除了这些，我还害怕很多别人猜不到的东西 比方说海草，还有其他吓人的东西", "en": ["And I'm afraid of many, many more things besides that people can't even guess at, like seaweed and other things that are scary."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "但是，说到害怕写作，我最近一直在想，我为什么要害怕写作呢？ 但是，说到害怕写作，我最近一直在想，我为什么要害怕写作呢？", "en": ["But, when it comes to writing, the thing that I've been sort of thinking about lately, and wondering about lately, is why? |
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translationzh这难道是一种理性的想法吗？enYou know, is it rational? |
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translationzh人们害怕从事自己命中注定的工作？这符合逻辑吗？ 人们害怕从事自己命中注定的工作？这符合逻辑吗？enIs it logical that anybody should be expected to be afraid of the work that they feel they were put on this Earth to do. |
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translationzh创造性工作究竟有着怎样的特殊性，以至于让我们为彼此的心智健康担心起来了呢？ 创造性工作究竟有着怎样的特殊性，以至于让我们为彼此的心智健康担心起来了呢？ 别的行业可不太会这样，不是吗？enAnd what is it specifically about creative ventures that seems to make us really nervous about each other's mental health in a way that other careers kind of don't do, you know? |
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translationzh比方说，我爸爸是个化学工程师 在他40年的化学工程生涯中，我不曾记得有人问他是否害怕成为化学工程师 在他40年的化学工程生涯中，我不曾记得有人问他是否害怕成为化学工程师enLike my dad, for example, was a chemical engineer and I don't recall once in his 40 years of chemical engineering anybody asking him if he was afraid to be a chemical engineer, you know?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "没人说：“约翰，化学工作遇到瓶颈了吗？怎么样了？”", "en": ["\"That chemical-engineering block, John, how's it going?\]}} |
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{: {: , : [Every one of my books has killed me a little more.\]}} |
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{: {: , : [I'm going to lose this thing, and I'll be be haunted by this song forever. |
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translationzh“我根本不行，我做不到” 突然，他奇异般地停止了继续抓狂和焦躁情绪，然后做了一件不寻常的事情enI'm not good enough, and I can't do it.\]}} |
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{: {: , : [Excuse me, can you not see that I'm driving?\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我看上去像是能立马记下一首曲子的样子吗？", "en": ["\"Do I look like I can write down a song right now?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如果你真想在世上流传，另挑个合适的时间再来吧，在我方便的时候 如果你真想在世上流传，另挑个合适的时间再来吧，在我方便的时候", "en": ["If you really want to exist, come back at a more opportune moment when I can take care of you."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "或者，你可以今天去骚扰别人，去找莱昂纳德·科恩去", "en": ["Otherwise, go bother somebody else today."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "或者，你可以今天去骚扰别人，去找莱昂纳德·科恩去", "en": ["Go bother Leonard Cohen.\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "自从那件事以后，汤姆的整个创作过程改变了", "en": ["And his whole work process changed after that."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "不是作品变了，他的作品仍是一如既往的黑暗", "en": ["Not the work, the work was still oftentimes as dark as ever."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "但当他把创作天才从自身剥离开来时，伴随着创作过程的严重焦虑也被化解了 但当他把创作天才从自身剥离开来时，伴随着创作过程的严重焦虑也被化解了 将创作灵感归于自我，只是带来痛苦与麻烦，将它解放出来，倒像是放归原处 同时他也意识到，他原本无需将创作灵感内化于自身，自我折磨", "en": ["But the process, and the heavy anxiety around it was released when he took the genie, the genius out of him where it was causing nothing but trouble, and released it back where it came from, and realized that this didn't have to be this internalized, tormented thing. |
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translationzh创作灵感可以是他和这一外部未知存在之间奇异、奇妙又奇怪的合作关系 创作灵感可以是他和这一外部未知存在之间奇异、奇妙又奇怪的合作关系 那是一个自身以外的存在enIt could be this peculiar, wondrous, bizarre collaboration, kind of conversation between Tom and the strange, external thing that was not quite Tom. |
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translationzh这个故事潜移默化地改变了我的工作方式，这一转变已经拯救了我一次 这个故事潜移默化地改变了我的工作方式，这一转变已经拯救了我一次enWhen I heard that story, it started to shift a little bit the way that I worked too, and this idea already saved me once. |
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translationzh那是在写《美食、祈祷、爱》的时候，我陷入了一个焦虑绝望的无底洞 那是在写《美食、祈祷、爱》的时候，我陷入了一个焦虑绝望的无底洞 那种不断努力却毫无灵感的绝望低潮状态 然后你渐渐觉得这部作品将成为一个彻底的失败 成为有史以来最烂的一本书 不仅是烂，而且是彻底的糟糕透顶，我开始觉得我应该放弃写这本书enIt saved me when I was in the middle of writing \ and I fell into one of those sort of pits of despair that we all fall into when we're working on something and it's not coming and you start to think this is going to be a disaster, the worst book ever written. |
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translationzh不仅是烂，而且是彻底的糟糕透顶，我开始觉得我应该放弃写这本书enNot just bad, but the worst book ever written. |
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translationzh这时我想起了汤姆对着天空喊话的事情，然后我试了试enAnd I started to think I should just dump this project. |
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translationzh这时我想起了汤姆对着天空喊话的事情，然后我试了试enBut then I remembered Tom talking to the open air and I tried it. |
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translationzh我从手稿中抬起头，转向房间中的一个空角落 我从手稿中抬起头，转向房间中的一个空角落enSo I just lifted my face up from the manuscript and I directed my comments to an empty corner of the room. |
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translationzh然后大声宣布道：“你这个家伙，给我听着” “咱俩都知道，如果这本书不怎么样，那可不是我一个人的错，不是吗？” “咱俩都知道，如果这本书不怎么样，那可不是我一个人的错，不是吗？”enAnd I said aloud, \]}} |
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translationzh因为 因为 最后就是这样的 在几个世纪前的北非沙漠里，人们会在月色下举行神圣的歌舞聚会 在几个世纪前的北非沙漠里，人们会在月色下举行神圣的歌舞聚会 聚会持续数个小时直至天亮enBecause -- Because in the end it's like this, OK -- centuries ago in the deserts of North Africa, people used to gather for these moonlight dances of sacred dance and music that would go on for hours and hours, until dawn."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "那些表演很精彩，因为他们都是很棒的专业舞者 那些表演很精彩，因为他们都是很棒的专业舞者", "en": ["They were always magnificent, because the dancers were professionals and they were terrific, right?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "偶尔的时候，虽然很少见，但确确实实会发生 某一位舞者会超越当下，超然出世", "en": ["But every once in a while, very rarely, something would happen, and one of these performers would actually become transcendent."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "你们应该都知道我说的这种情况 因为大家都曾在某个时刻，见识过那样的表演", "en": ["And I know you know what I'm talking about, because I know you've all seen, at some point in your life, a performance like this."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "时间似乎停止了，舞者仿佛穿越了 时间似乎停止了，舞者仿佛穿越了 他所做的动作和之前的1000场表演并没有什么不同 但所有的一切却奇迹般地统一起来了", "en": ["It was like time would stop, and the dancer would sort of step through some kind of portal and he wasn't doing anything different than he had ever done, 1,000 nights before, but everything would align. |
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translationzh刹那间，他不再是个普通的凡人，他的生命从内部点燃，从心底发光enAnd all of a sudden, he would no longer appear to be merely human. |
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translationzh刹那间，他不再是个普通的凡人，他的生命从内部点燃，从心底发光 他被神圣之火照耀enHe would be lit from within, and lit from below and all lit up on fire with divinity. |
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translationzh当时的人们，清楚地知道这是什么，他们能叫出它的名字 当时的人们，清楚地知道这是什么，他们能叫出它的名字enAnd when this happened, back then, people knew it for what it was, you know, they called it by its name. |
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translationzh他们会拍起手来，开始吟唱：阿拉，阿拉，阿拉，神啊，神啊，神啊 他们会拍起手来，开始吟唱：阿拉，阿拉，阿拉，神啊，神啊，神啊enThey would put their hands together and they would start to chant, \ |
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translationzh人人都知道：那是神迹显现enThat's God, you know."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "有趣的野史是，当摩尔帝国入侵南西班牙时，他们带去了这一习俗 于是几世纪来，颂词的发音渐渐改变，从“阿拉,阿拉”变成“欧嘞,欧嘞” 于是几世纪来，颂词的发音渐渐改变，从“阿拉,阿拉”变成“欧嘞,欧嘞” 如今你仍能在斗牛比赛和弗拉明戈舞中听到这一喝彩声", "en": ["Curious historical footnote: when the Moors invaded southern Spain, they took this custom with them and the pronunciation changed over the centuries from \"Allah, Allah, Allah,\" to \"Olé, olé, olé,\" which you still hear in bullfights and in flamenco dances."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "在西班牙，当一个表演者完成了某种不可思议的神奇之举时 人们就会喝彩：“阿拉，欧嘞，欧嘞，阿拉，真伟大，太棒了，不可思议” 那就是神迹显现", "en": ["In Spain, when a performer has done something impossible and magic, \"Allah, olé, olé, Allah, magnificent, bravo,\" incomprehensible, there it is -- a glimpse of God."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这种方式很好，因为这正是我们需要的", "en": ["Which is great, because we need that."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "对艺术家来说，最棘手的是第二天早上，舞者悠悠转醒 对艺术家来说，最棘手的是第二天早上，舞者悠悠转醒 发现已经是周二上午11点了，他不再是神迹的显现", "en": ["But, the tricky bit comes the next morning, for the dancer himself, when he wakes up and discovers that it's Tuesday at 11 a.m., and he's no longer a glimpse of God."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "而只是那个腰腿不好，终将老去的凡人 而且，他或许再也无法达到昨晚那样的高度了", "en": ["He's just an aging mortal with really bad knees, and maybe he's never going to ascend to that height again."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "也许再也不会有人在他跳舞时喝彩神迹显现 他该如何自处呢？", "en": ["And maybe nobody will ever chant God's name again as he spins, and what is he then to do with the rest of his life? |
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translationzh这是个很棘手的问题，也是创作生涯中最痛苦的自我认知之一enThis is hard. |
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translationzh这是个很棘手的问题，也是创作生涯中最痛苦的自我认知之一 这是个很棘手的问题，也是创作生涯中最痛苦的自我认知之一enThis is one of the most painful reconciliations to make in a creative life. |
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translationzh但也许,我们原本无需如此痛苦 如果你本来就从不曾认为，那无与伦比的艺术作品完全来源于你 如果你本来就从不曾认为，那无与伦比的艺术作品完全来源于你enBut maybe it doesn't have to be quite so full of anguish if you never happened to believe, in the first place, that the most extraordinary aspects of your being came from you."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如果你认为它们是某种神奇的存在，只是暂时借你一用，给你带来精美绝伦的作品 如果你认为它们是某种神奇的存在，只是暂时借你一用，给你带来精美绝伦的作品 在你完成作品后，继续传递给其他人", "en": ["But maybe if you just believed that they were on loan to you from some unimaginable source for some exquisite portion of your life to be passed along when you're finished, with somebody else. |
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translationzh如果我们这样看待这一问题，一切就都改变了enAnd, you know, if we think about it this way, it starts to change everything. |
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translationzh在过去的几个月中，我开始以这种方式看待这一问题 在过去的几个月中，我开始以这种方式看待这一问题 同时从事着我下一本书的写作 那本危险的，骇人的，被过度预期的，继我的畅销大作之后的作品 那本危险的，骇人的，被过度预期的，继我的畅销大作之后的作品 而我需要做的，就是不断告诉自己，尤其是在我忧郁焦躁的时候：enThis is how I've started to think, and this is certainly how I've been thinking in the last few months as I've been working on the book that will soon be published, as the dangerously, frighteningly over-anticipated follow up to my freakish success."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "而我需要做的，就是不断告诉自己，尤其是在我忧郁焦躁的时候： “不要害怕，不要气馁，只需做好你的那部分工作” “不要害怕，不要气馁，只需做好你的那部分工作”", "en": ["And what I have to sort of keep telling myself when I get really psyched out about that is don't be afraid. |
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translationzh“不要害怕，不要气馁，只需做好你的那部分工作”enDon't be daunted. Just do your job."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "坚守在你的岗位上，无论你的岗位是什么：如果你是舞者，那就跳舞", "en": ["Continue to show up for your piece of it, whatever that might be."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "坚守在你的岗位上，无论你的岗位是什么：如果你是舞者，那就跳舞", "en": ["If your job is to dance, do your dance."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如果那个属于你的，神圣却又邪门的精灵决定通过你让神迹显现，哪怕只是短短一瞬 如果那个属于你的，神圣却又邪门的精灵决定通过你让神迹显现，哪怕只是短短一瞬 那么，让我们喝彩：欧嘞！", "en": ["If the divine, cockeyed genius assigned to your case decides to let some sort of wonderment be glimpsed, for just one moment through your efforts, then \"Olé!\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如果没有，那就请继续跳舞，坚守你的岗位，我依然为你喝彩：欧嘞！", "en": ["And if not, do your dance anyhow."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如果没有，那就请继续跳舞，坚守你的岗位，我依然为你喝彩：欧嘞！", "en": ["And \"Olé!\" to you, nonetheless."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我坚信我们必须传授这一理念", "en": ["I believe this and I feel that we must teach it."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "只要你出于热爱与执着，坚守岗位，那你就值得喝彩：欧嘞！ 只要你出于热爱与执着，坚守岗位，那你就值得喝彩：欧嘞！ 只要你出于热爱与执着，坚守岗位，那你就值得喝彩：欧嘞！", "en": ["\"Olé!\" to you, nonetheless, just for having the sheer human love and stubbornness to keep showing up."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢", "en": ["Thank you."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢 谢谢", "en": ["Thank you."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢 主持人：欧嘞！", "en": ["June Cohen: Olé!"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "在这之前我已经讨论过这些项目中的一部分 关于人类基因组和它们的意义。 以及发现新的基因组。", "en": ["You know, I've talked about some of these projects before -- about the human genome and what that might mean, and discovering new sets of genes. |
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translationzh这次我们要从一个新的角度来看： 我们在从事数字化生物学的工作。 并且现在我们正尝试从那些数字代码走向 一个生物学的全新阶段, 设计与人工合成生命。enWe're actually starting at a new point: we've been digitizing biology, and now we're trying to go from that digital code into a new phase of biology with designing and synthesizing life."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们经常试图提出一些较大的问题。", "en": ["So, we've always been trying to ask big questions. |
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translationzh“生命是什么”我想是许多生物学家 不断地尝试在 在不同层面去理解的问题。en\ is something that I think many biologists have been trying to understand at various levels. |
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translationzh我们尝试了许多方法， 把它分解到最小的组成部分。enWe've tried various approaches, paring it down to minimal components."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "到目前我们几乎已经用了20年来将其数字化。 当我们在排序人类基因组的时候， 它从生物学的模拟分析世界 走进了计算机的数字世界。", "en": ["We've been digitizing it now for almost 20 years; when we sequenced the human genome, it was going from the analog world of biology into the digital world of the computer. |
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translationzh现在我们在尝试提问，我们是否能够再造生命， 或者我们是否从这个数字世界中 能创造新的生命?enNow we're trying to ask, \"Can we regenerate life or can we create new life out of this digital universe?\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这是一种微生物的基因序列图, 生殖支原体, 它有着对于一个物种来说最小的基因组 能使其在实验室中自我复制。 并且我们在尝试了解是否 我们能找到一种更小的基因组。", "en": ["This is the map of a small organism, Mycoplasma genitalium, that has the smallest genome for a species that can self-replicate in the laboratory, and we've been trying to just see if we can come up with an even smaller genome. |
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translationzh我们能够从500组基因中 分离出一百组就是我们眼前的这些。enWe're able to knock out on the order of 100 genes out of the 500 or so that are here."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "但当我们来看它的新陈代谢的时候， 这其实是相对简单的 相对我们的来说。 相信我，这算简单的。 但当我们在看所有这些 我们能一个一个分离出的基因组的时候， 很难相信它们能产生出 一个活生生的细胞。", "en": ["When we look at its metabolic map, it's relatively simple compared to ours -- trust me, this is simple -- but when we look at all the genes that we can knock out one at a time, it's very unlikely that this would yield a living cell."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "所以，我们认为唯一能继续研究的方法 就是人工合成这些染色体 以便我们能改变它的组成部分 来继续提问这些最基本的问题。", "en": ["So we decided the only way forward was to actually synthesize this chromosome so we could vary the components to ask some of these most fundamental questions."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "于是我们开始沿着这条路走下去 “我们能人工合成染色体吗？”", "en": ["And so we started down the road of: can we synthesize a chromosome?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "化学原则真的允许我们制造 这些我们从未实现过的 超大分子吗？", "en": ["Can chemistry permit making these really large molecules where we've never been before? |
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translationzh而且，就算我们可以，我们能激活它吗？enAnd if we do, can we boot up a chromosome? |
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translationzh一对染色体，顺便说下，只是一些无活性的化学物质。enA chromosome, by the way, is just a piece of inert chemical material. |
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translationzh我们数字化生命的速度不断地 以指数速度加快。enSo, our pace of digitizing life has been increasing at an exponential pace. |
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translationzh我们写基因编码的能力 进步地却非常慢， 不过也还是在增加的。 我们最近的状况将会把速度提升到指数曲线。enOur ability to write the genetic code has been moving pretty slowly but has been increasing, and our latest point would put it on, now, an exponential curve. |
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translationzh我们于15年前开始这项工作。enWe started this over 15 years ago. |
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translationzh实际上它经过了好几个阶段。 在我们做最初的试验前，先进行了一次生物伦理学的评估。enIt took several stages, in fact, starting with a bioethical review before we did the first experiments. |
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translationzh但结果是人工合成DNA 是非常困难的。enBut it turns out synthesizing DNA is very difficult. |
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translationzh全世界有十几万台设备 在制造小片断的DNA， 长度在30到50个字符， 并且这是一个会倒退的过程，制造的片断越是长， 产生的错误就越是多。enThere are tens of thousands of machines around the world that make small pieces of DNA -- 30 to 50 letters in length -- and it's a degenerate process, so the longer you make the piece, the more errors there are."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "所以我们不得不创造一种新的方法 把这些小的片断排放在一起并纠正所有的错误。", "en": ["So we had to create a new method for putting these little pieces together and correct all the errors."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这是我们的第一次尝试，从Phi X 174基因组 的数字信息开始。", "en": ["And this was our first attempt, starting with the digital information of the genome of phi X174."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "是一种能杀死细菌的小型病毒。", "en": ["It's a small virus that kills bacteria. |
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translationzh我们设计了它的基因片断，经过了错误纠正， 就拥有了一条 5000字符长度的DNA。enWe designed the pieces, went through our error correction and had a DNA molecule of about 5,000 letters. |
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translationzh最另人兴奋的阶段是当我们把这段没有活性的化学物质 放进细菌内， 细菌开始读取基因编码， 制造了病毒粒子。enThe exciting phase came when we took this piece of inert chemical and put it in the bacteria, and the bacteria started to read this genetic code, made the viral particles. |
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translationzh接着细胞释放出病毒粒子， 再返回来杀死了E.coli。enThe viral particles then were released from the cells and came back and killed the E. coli. |
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translationzh我最近与石油行业有一些交流， 我觉得他们对这个模式理解的非常透彻。enI was talking to the oil industry recently and I said they clearly understood that model. |
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translationzh他比你们笑的大声多了。 因此我们认为这种情况实际上 是软件能在一个生物系统内 打造自己的硬件。enThey laughed more than you guys are. And so, we think this is a situation where the software can actually build its own hardware in a biological system. |
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translationzh但我们还想再扩大规模。 我们希望制造整条细菌染色体， 一条超过580，000字符长度的基因编码。 我们认为应该在以病毒大小的“盒”中制造它们 这样我们可以改变这些“盒” 来理解 一个活的细胞的实际组成部分是什么？enBut we wanted to go much larger: we wanted to build the entire bacterial chromosome -- it's over 580,000 letters of genetic code -- so we thought we'd build them in cassettes the size of the viruses so we could actually vary the cassettes to understand what the actual components of a living cell are. |
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translationzh设计是非常重要的， 并且如果你在计算机上开始使用数字信息。 那这些数字信息必须十分准确。enDesign is critical, and if you're starting with digital information in the computer, that digital information has to be really accurate."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "当我们在1995年第一次对这组基因排序时， 准确率的标准是每10000个基本对一个错误。", "en": ["When we first sequenced this genome in 1995, the standard of accuracy was one error per 10,000 base pairs."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "实际上我们发现，在重新排序时， 平均是30个错误。如果我们使用原先的序列， 这组基因永远不可能被启动。", "en": ["We actually found, on resequencing it, 30 errors; had we used that original sequence, it never would have been able to be booted up."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "设计工作的一部分是设计 50个字符长度的片断 并和其他的50字符长的片段叠加 以构建更小的次单元。 我们要设计过他们才能聚到一起。", "en": ["Part of the design is designing pieces that are 50 letters long that have to overlap with all the other 50-letter pieces to build smaller subunits we have to design so they can go together."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "其中有我们设计过的独特部分。", "en": ["We design unique elements into this."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "你们可能听说过我们在其中加入了水印", "en": ["You may have read that we put watermarks in."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "想想看 基因编码有四个字符：A,C,G和T。", "en": ["Think of this: we have a four-letter genetic code -- A, C, G and T."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这些字符的三联体 - 以及这些字符 编成了大约20种氨基酸 这样每个氨基酸就有了 一个字符标记", "en": ["Triplets of those letters code for roughly 20 amino acids, such that there's a single letter designation for each of the amino acids. |
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translationzh所以我们能使用基因编码来书写言语 句子，想法。enSo we can use the genetic code to write out words, sentences, thoughts. |
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translationzh最初，我们所做的就是用它来签名。enInitially, all we did was autograph it. |
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translationzh有些人有点失望我们没用它来做首诗。enSome people were disappointed there was not poetry. |
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translationzh我们设计了这些片断 并能使用酶来裁切。 有些酶是用来修复他们并把他们放到一起的。enWe designed these pieces so we can just chew back with enzymes; there are enzymes that repair them and put them together. |
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translationzh接着我们开始制造片断， 从7000字符长度的片断开始 把他们拼在一起制造24，000字符长度的片断 再把几组片断合并，变成了72，000长的片断enAnd we started making pieces, starting with pieces that were 5,000 to 7,000 letters, put those together to make 24,000-letter pieces, then put sets of those going up to 72,000. |
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translationzh在每个阶段，我们大量培养了这些片断 因此我们可以给他们排序 因为我们希望创造一个异常可靠的过程 一分钟内你就将看见enAt each stage, we grew up these pieces in abundance so we could sequence them because we're trying to create a process that's extremely robust that you can see in a minute. |
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translationzh我们试着达到自动化的层面enWe're trying to get to the point of automation."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这看起来就像是一场篮球赛的对阵图", "en": ["So, this looks like a basketball playoff."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "当这些非常大的片断超过 100，000基本对时 他们就很难继续在E.coil里长的更长了。 在试尽了各种现代分子生物学的工具后 我们转向其他的途径。", "en": ["When we get into these really large pieces over 100,000 base pairs, they won't any longer grow readily in E. coli -- it exhausts all the modern tools of molecular biology -- and so we turned to other mechanisms. |
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translationzh我们知道有个方法叫同源重组， 生物学上用来修复DNA， 它能把片断组合到一起enWe knew there's a mechanism called homologous recombination that biology uses to repair DNA that can put pieces together."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这里有一个例子 有一种微生物叫 耐辐射球菌 能够承受三百万度的辐射量。", "en": ["Here's an example of it: there's an organism called Deinococcus radiodurans that can take three millions rads of radiation."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "你能看到在顶部的视图里，它的染色体四散在各个地方", "en": ["You can see in the top panel, its chromosome just gets blown apart."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "12到24小时以后，它将自己 又组合回之前的原状。", "en": ["Twelve to 24 hours later, it put it back together exactly as it was before."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们有数千种微生物有这种能耐", "en": ["We have thousands of organisms that can do this."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这些微生物能够完全脱离水。 他们能存活在真空中", "en": ["These organisms can be totally desiccated; they can live in a vacuum."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我完全确信外层空间存在着生命， 四处移动，遇到一个新的有水的环境", "en": ["I am absolutely certain that life can exist in outer space, move around, find a new aqueous environment."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，NASA已经展示过很多这样的例子。", "en": ["In fact, NASA has shown a lot of this is out there."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这里有一组我们拍摄的这个分子的显微图像。 通过这些过程，其实就是前面所提到的酵母的方法 同时放入经过我们正确设计的片断。 酵母自动地将他们聚合。", "en": ["Here's an actual micrograph of the molecule we built using these processes, actually just using yeast mechanisms with the right design of the pieces we put them in; yeast puts them together automatically. |
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translationzh这并不是电子显微图像； 它仅仅是普通的光学显微镜。enThis is not an electron micrograph; this is just a regular photomicrograph. |
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translationzh这是如此之大的一个分子 我们能用一个光学显微镜观察它。enIt's such a large molecule we can see it with a light microscope."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这些是时长约为六秒的图像。", "en": ["These are pictures over about a six-second period."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这是我们所公开的最近的试验成果。", "en": ["So, this is the publication we had just a short while ago."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这是超过580000字符长的基因编码。 这也是由人类设定结构并制造的最大的分子。", "en": ["This is over 580,000 letters of genetic code; it's the largest molecule ever made by humans of a defined structure. |
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translationzh它超过了3亿分子重量。enIt's over 300 million molecular weight."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们以10号字体不间隔地将其打印出来。 总共需要142页 来打印这些基因编码", "en": ["If we printed it out at a 10 font with no spacing, it takes 142 pages just to print this genetic code."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "那我们该如何来启动一段染色体，我们该如何激活它?", "en": ["Well, how do we boot up a chromosome? How do we activate this?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "显然处理一个病毒非常简单 处理一个细菌就复杂多了", "en": ["Obviously, with a virus it's pretty simple; it's much more complicated dealing with bacteria."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "处理像我们自身这样的 真核生物也相对简单 你能取出一个细胞核 然后塞进另一个细胞中， 这就是大家听到的关于克隆的手法", "en": ["into eukaryotes like ourselves: you can just pop out the nucleus and pop in another one, and that's what you've all heard about with cloning."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "对于古细菌，它们的染色体与整个细胞连成一体， 但最近我们也明确了我们能完成一个完整的移植 将染色体从一个细胞转移到另一个细胞中 并激活它。", "en": ["With bacteria and Archaea, the chromosome is integrated into the cell, but we recently showed that we can do a complete transplant of a chromosome from one cell to another and activate it."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们从一个种群的微生物中提取出染色体。 基本上，这两个的差别就如同人类和老鼠般。 我们加上了一些新的基因 这样我们就能选择这些染色体。 我们用酶来分解它们 去除所有的蛋白质 当我们将它放入细胞时发生的情形非常惊人 你们应该会喜欢 我们所制作的非常精密的演示图像 --", "en": ["We purified a chromosome from one microbial species -- roughly, these two are as distant as human and mice -- we added a few extra genes so we could select for this chromosome, we digested it with enzymes to kill all the proteins, and it was pretty stunning when we put this in the cell -- and you'll appreciate our very sophisticated graphics here. |
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translationzh新的染色体进入细胞。enThe new chromosome went into the cell. |
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translationzh实际上我们原以为这个过程就到此为止了。 但是我们试图将这个过程设计得更深入一些。enIn fact, we thought this might be as far as it went, but we tried to design the process a little bit further. |
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translationzh这是一个重大的进化机制。enThis is a major mechanism of evolution right here. |
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translationzh我们发现所有接受了 第二段染色体的物种 或来自其他地方的第三方染色体， 在一秒钟内增加了 数千种新特征到其自身。enWe find all kinds of species that have taken up a second chromosome or a third one from somewhere, adding thousands of new traits in a second to that species. |
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translationzh原本人们所持有的在进化的过程中 每次只会有一个基因发生变化 的观念忽略了生物的许多实际情况。enSo, people who think of evolution as just one gene changing at a time have missed much of biology. |
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translationzh有一种酶叫做限制酶 是能够消化DNA的enThere are enzymes called restriction enzymes that actually digest DNA. |
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translationzh原先细胞中的染色体没有这种酶 没有这种酶 而当我们置入一段拥有这种酶的染色体enThe chromosome that was in the cell doesn't have one; the chromosome we put in does."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "它表现了出来，并且辨认出 另一段染色体是外来物质， 它就将其消化，最后我们就有了 一个包含有新的DNA的细胞", "en": ["It got expressed and it recognized the other chromosome as foreign material, chewed it up, and so we ended up just with a cell with the new chromosome."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们放入的基因导致它变成了蓝色。", "en": ["It turned blue because of the genes we put in it."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "在非常短的一段时间里， 所有的原先物种的特征全部消失了， 并且完全转化成了一个新物种， 基于我们放入细胞的新“软件”。", "en": ["And with a very short period of time, all the characteristics of one species were lost and it converted totally into the new species based on the new software that we put in the cell."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "所有的蛋白质都改变了， 细胞膜也改变了 -- 当我们读取它的基因编码，实际上就是我们植入的那种。", "en": ["All the proteins changed, the membranes changed; when we read the genetic code, it's exactly what we had transferred in. |
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translationzh这可能听起来像基因炼金术， 但我们的确能通过转移DNA， 来急剧地改变事物。enSo, this may sound like genomic alchemy, but we can, by moving the software of DNA around, change things quite dramatically. |
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translationzh现在，我要声明这不是创世纪 -- 这是建立在35亿年的进化上的enNow I've argued, this is not genesis; this is building on three and a half billion years of evolution."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "并且我认为我们可能 会创造新一版的寒武纪生命大爆发 出现大量基于这种数字化设计", "en": ["And I've argued that we're about to perhaps create a new version of the Cambrian explosion, where there's massive new speciation based on this digital design. |
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translationzh的新物种 为什么要这样做？enWhy do this? |
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translationzh我认为出于一些需求我们这样做的原因是非常明显的。enI think this is pretty obvious in terms of some of the needs. |
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translationzh我们的人口将在接下来的40年中从 65亿变成90亿enWe're about to go from six and a half to nine billion people over the next 40 years."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "以我自己的例子来说 我出生于1946年", "en": ["To put it in context for myself: I was born in 1946."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "现在世界上就变成了三个人 相对于我们中每一个从1946年就存在的人； 在接下来的四十年内，就变成了四个。", "en": ["There are now three people on the planet for every one of us that existed in 1946; within 40 years, there'll be four. |
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translationzh我们在为65亿人提供食物，洁净的淡水， 医药，燃料上 都十分困难。enWe have trouble feeding, providing fresh, clean water, medicines, fuel for the six and a half billion. |
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translationzh换作90亿人那真是捉襟见肘了。enIt's going to be a stretch to do it for nine."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们使用超过50亿顿的煤， 300多亿桶的石油。 也就是每天一千万桶。", "en": ["We use over five billion tons of coal, 30 billion-plus barrels of oil -- that's a hundred million barrels a day. |
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translationzh当我们尝试思考这个生物程序 或者任何能替代它的程序， 这会是一个巨大的挑战。enWhen we try to think of biological processes or any process to replace that, it's going to be a huge challenge."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "接下来，当然，是这份材料 中所显示的被排放在大气层中 的二氧化碳。", "en": ["Then of course, there's all that CO2 from this material that ends up in the atmosphere. |
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translationzh我们现在从全球各地的发现 有了一个包含约两千万组基因的数据库， 并且我乐于把它们看作是未来的设计组件。enWe now, from our discovery around the world, have a database with about 20 million genes, and I like to think of these as the design components of the future. |
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translationzh电气行业只有十来种组件， 再看看从中能得到的多样性。enThe electronics industry only had a dozen or so components, and look at the diversity that came out of that. |
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translationzh目前我们主要的限制来自于 生物学的现实情况 以及我们的想像力。enWe're limited here primarily by a biological reality and our imagination."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们现在拥有这样的技术， 是因为这些能制造我们称之为“混合染色体组”的 快速的人工合成方法。", "en": ["We now have techniques, because of these rapid methods of synthesis, to do what we're calling combinatorial genomics. |
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translationzh我们现在所拥有的制造一个大型机器人的能力 能让我们每天制造一百万个染色体。enWe have the ability now to build a large robot that can make a million chromosomes a day. |
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translationzh当你想着加工这两千万组不同的基因， 并尝试去优化这个步骤 以产生辛烷或者制造药物制剂， 以及新的疫苗， 我们就能改变，即使是一个小团队， 也能做比过去20年科学史所做过的 更多的分子生物学工作。enWhen you think of processing these 20 million different genes or trying to optimize processes to produce octane or to produce pharmaceuticals, new vaccines, we can just with a small team, than the last 20 years of all science. |
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translationzh并且这只是标准选择。 我们可以以生存能力来选择， 化学或燃料生产， 疫苗生产等等。enAnd it's just standard selection: we can select for viability, chemical or fuel production, vaccine production, etc."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这是一张屏幕截图 截取的是一些我们 实际坐下来工作时在电脑中 真正用来设计物种的设计软件。", "en": ["This is a screen snapshot of some true design software that we're working on to actually be able to sit down and design species in the computer. |
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translationzh我们并不一定要知道它看起来是怎样。 我们确切地知道它们的基因编码究竟是什么样的。enYou know, we don't know necessarily what it'll look like: we know exactly what their genetic code looks like. |
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translationzh我们目前把注意力放在“第四代燃料”上。enWe're focusing on now fourth-generation fuels."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "你们最近看到了将谷物转化成乙醇 只是一个糟糕的试验。", "en": ["You've seen recently, corn to ethanol is just a bad experiment. |
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translationzh很快我们将会拥有 第二及第三代燃料。 就是糖转化成更高价值的燃料 例如辛烷或不同种类的丁醇。enWe have second- and third-generation fuels that will be coming out relatively soon that are sugar, to much higher-value fuels like octane or different types of butanol. |
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translationzh但我们认为生物学唯一能 产生一个巨大影响的同时又不 增加食物的支出与限制其可利用性的方法 是在于我们是否能开始用二氧化碳作为它的原料。 所以我们正在进行设计新的细胞能朝这条路发展下去。enBut the only way we think that biology can have a major impact without further increasing the cost of food and limiting its availability is if we start with CO2 as its feedstock, and so we're working with designing cells to go down this road."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "并且我们认为在18个月里我们会取得 第一份第四代燃料。", "en": ["And we think we'll have the first fourth-generation fuels in about 18 months. |
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translationzh阳光和二氧化碳是其中一个方法 --enSunlight and CO2 is one method ... |
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translationzh-- 但我们从全世界各地的发现中， 我们还有许多种其他方法。enbut in our discovery around the world, we have all kinds of other methods. |
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translationzh这是一种微生物,1996年被记载enThis is an organism we described in 1996. |
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translationzh它生活在深海。 大约1.5英里深， 几乎是在沸腾的水温中。enIt lives in the deep ocean, about a mile and a half deep, almost at boiling-water temperatures. |
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translationzh它将二氧化碳转化成甲烷 使用氢分子最为它的能量来源。enIt takes CO2 to methane using molecular hydrogen as its energy source. |
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translationzh我们在看是否能把 收集到的二氧化染, ，它们非常方便就能被引进处理站， 转化成燃料， 来驱动这个过程。enWe're looking to see if we can take captured CO2, which can easily be piped to sites, convert that CO2 back into fuel to drive this process."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "因此在很短的时间内， 我们觉得我们或许可以增加对于\"生命是什么?\" 的基本问题的理解。", "en": ["So, in a short period of time, we think that we might be able to increase what the basic question is of \"What is life?\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们的确 有着替换整个 石油化工行业的小小目标。 如果你不能在TED做到这些,哪里还有可能呢? 成为一项主要的能源。", "en": ["We truly, you know, have modest goals of replacing the whole petrol-chemical industry -- Yeah. If you can't do that at TED, where can you? -- become a major source of energy ... |
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translationzh并且我们也在使用同样的工具 制造了几组即时疫苗。enBut also, we're now working on using these same tools to come up with instant sets of vaccines."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "你们都看到今年出现的流感， 我们总是要慢上一年的时间并且在缺乏资金的情况下 才等到有用的疫苗。", "en": ["You've seen this year with flu; we're always a year behind and a dollar short when it comes to the right vaccine."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我认为这情形是可以通过 预先制造混合疫苗来改变的。", "en": ["I think that can be changed by building combinatorial vaccines in advance."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这是未来可能会呈现的情况 伴随着改变,目前,进化树 随着人造细菌，古物种 最后是真核生物 而加速进化", "en": ["Here's what the future may begin to look like with changing, now, the evolutionary tree, with synthetic bacteria, Archaea and, eventually, eukaryotes. |
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translationzh我们正在一条离改善人类生活越来越远的路上。 我们的目标就是确保我们能有机会活到 足够长的时间或许就能做到这件事了。非常感谢大家。enWe're a ways away from improving people: our goal is just to make sure that we have a chance to survive long enough to maybe do that. Thank you very much."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "首先，我要用最快的速度为大家演示 一些新技术的基础研究成果。 正好是一年前，微软收购了我们公司，", "en": ["What I'm going to show you first, as quickly as I can, is some foundational work, some new technology that we brought to Microsoft as part of an acquisition almost exactly a year ago. |
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translationzh而我们为微软带来了这项技术，它就是Seadragon。 Seadragon是一个软件环境，你可以通过它以近景或远景的方式 浏览浩瀚的可视化数据。enThis is Seadragon, and it's an environment in which you can either locally or remotely interact with vast amounts of visual data."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们这里看到的是许多许多GB级别的数码照片， 对它们可以进行持续并且平滑的放大， 可以通过全景的方式浏览它们，还可以对它们进行重新排列。", "en": ["We're looking at many, many gigabytes of digital photos here and kind of seamlessly and continuously zooming in, panning through it, rearranging it in any way we want. |
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translationzh不管所见到的数据有多少、 图像集有多大以及图像本身有多大，Seadragon都拥有这样的处理能力。enAnd it doesn't matter how much information we're looking at, how big these collections are or how big the images are. |
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translationzh以上展示的图片大部分都是由数码相机拍摄的照片， 但这个例子则不同，它是一张来自国会图书馆的扫描图片， 拥有3亿个像素。enMost of them are ordinary digital camera photos, but this one, for example, is a scan from the Library of Congress, and it's in the 300 megapixel range."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "然而，浏览它并没有什么区别， 因为限制系统性能的唯一因素只是： 你所使用的屏幕的像素数。", "en": ["It doesn't make any difference because the only thing that ought to limit the performance of a system like this one is the number of pixels on your screen at any given moment. |
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translationzhSeadragon同时也是一个非常灵活的架构。enIt's also very flexible architecture."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "举个例子，这是一本完整的书，它的数据是非图像的。", "en": ["This is an entire book, so this is an example of non-image data."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这是狄更斯所著的《荒凉山庄》，一列就是一章的内容。", "en": ["This is \"Bleak House\" by Dickens. Every column is a chapter."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我给大家证明一下这真的是文本而非图片， 我们可以这样操作， 大家可以看出这真的是文本，而不是一幅图片。", "en": ["To prove to you that it's really text, and not an image, we can do something like so, to really show that this is a real representation of the text; it's not a picture."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "也许这会是一种阅读电子书的方式，", "en": ["Maybe this is an artificial way to read an e-book."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "但是我可不推荐这么做。", "en": ["I wouldn't recommend it. |
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translationzh接下来是一个更加实际的例子，这是一期《卫报》。enThis is a more realistic case, an issue of The Guardian. |
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translationzh每一张大图片是一版开篇，enEvery large image is the beginning of a section. |
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translationzh而报纸或者杂志的纸质版本本身就包含了多种比例的图片， 在阅读的时候，读者会得到更好的阅读体验， 从而享受阅读的乐趣。enAnd this really gives you the joy and the good experience of reading the real paper version of a magazine or a newspaper, which is an inherently multi-scale kind of medium. |
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translationzh我们在这里做了小小的改动 在这一期《卫报》得角上。enWe've done something with the corner of this particular issue of The Guardian."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们虚构了一个高分辨率的广告图片—— 这比你平常看到的普通广告的分辨率要高很多， 在图片中嵌入了额外的内容。", "en": ["We've made up a fake ad that's very high resolution -- much higher than in an ordinary ad -- and we've embedded extra content. |
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translationzh如果你希望看到这辆车的特性，你可以看这里。enIf you want to see the features of this car, you can see it here. |
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translationzh你还能看到其他的型号，甚至技术规格。enOr other models, or even technical specifications. |
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translationzh这种方式在一定程度上 避免了屏幕实际使用面积的限制。enAnd this really gets at some of these ideas about really doing away with those limits on screen real estate. |
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translationzh我们希望这个技术能够减少不必要的弹出窗口 以及类似的垃圾信息。enWe hope that this means no more pop-ups and other rubbish like that -- shouldn't be necessary."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "显然，对于这项技术的应用， 数字地图也是显而易见的应用之一。", "en": ["Of course, mapping is one of those obvious applications for a technology like this."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "对此，我真的不想花费太多的时间进行介绍， 我只想告诉大家我们已经对这个领域做出了自己的贡献。", "en": ["And this one I really won't spend any time on, except to say that we have things to contribute to this field as well. |
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translationzh这些只是在NASA的地理空间图片基础上enBut those are all the roads in the U.S. |
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translationzh进行叠加处理而得到的美国的道路地图。ensuperimposed on top of a NASA geospatial image. |
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translationzh现在，我们先放下这些，看看其他的。enSo let's pull up, now, something else."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "实际上，这项技术已经放到网上了，大家可以自己去体验一下。", "en": ["This is actually live on the Web now; you can go check it out."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这个项目叫Photosynth，", "en": ["This is a project called Photosynth, which marries two different technologies."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "它实际上融合了两个不同的技术： 一个是Seadragon， 而另一个则是源自华盛顿大学的研究生Noah Snavely 所进行的计算机视觉研究的成果。", "en": ["One of them is Seadragon and the other is some very beautiful computer-vision research done by Noah Snavely, a graduate student at the University of Washington, co-advised by Steve Seitz at U.W."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这项研究还得到了华盛顿大学Steve Seitz", "en": ["and Rick Szeliski at Microsoft Research."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "和微软研究院Rick Szeliski的协助。这是一个非常漂亮的合作成果。", "en": ["A very nice collaboration."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这个项目在互联网上已经得到应用了，它是基于Seadragon技术构建的。", "en": ["And so this is live on the Web. It's powered by Seadragon. |
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translationzh你可以看到，我们轻松地对图片进行多种方式的查看， 从而能够对图片进行细致的剖析 并且拥有多分辨率的浏览体验。enYou can see that when we do these sorts of views, where we can dive through images and have this kind of multi-resolution experience. |
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translationzh不过，这些图片在三维空间的排列事实上是非常有意义的。enBut the spatial arrangement of the images here is actually meaningful. |
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translationzh计算机视觉算法将这些图片联系到一起， 那么这些图片就能够将真实空间呈现出来了， 而我们正是在这个空间里拍下了上述的照片——这些照片都是在 加拿大落基山脉的格拉西湖附近拍下的——（所有照片）都是在这里拍下的。enThe computer vision algorithms have registered these images together so that they correspond to the real space in which these shots -- all taken near Grassi Lakes in the Canadian Rockies -- all these shots were taken. |
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translationzh因此你可以看到这里的元素是稳定的幻灯放映或者全景成像， 而这些内容在空间上都是关联的。enSo you see elements here of stabilized slide-show or panoramic imaging, and these things have all been related spatially. |
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translationzh我不确定我们是否有时间来展示更多的环境全景。enI'm not sure if I have time to show you any other environments."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "有很多例子比这个的空间感还要强。", "en": ["Some are much more spatial."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "下面让我们来看一下去年夏天， 我们利用Noah早期的数据库之一 所Photosynth的初期模型的建立。 我认为 这可谓是我们这项技术的最抢眼之处。 这项技术不单单像我们在 网站上展示得那么简单明了。", "en": ["I would like to jump straight to one of Noah's original data-sets -- this is from an early prototype that we first got working this summer -- to show you what I think is really the punch line behind the Photosynth technology, It's not necessarily so apparent from looking at the environments we've put up on the website. |
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translationzh主要因为我们制作网站时，要顾及到很多法律问题。enWe had to worry about the lawyers and so on. |
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translationzh这里是利用Flickr网站上 的图像重建的巴黎圣母院。enThis is a reconstruction of Notre Dame Cathedral that was done entirely computationally from images scraped from Flickr. |
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translationzh你所要做的只是在Flickr网站上输入“巴黎圣母院” 然后便能看到很多图片，包括留影的游人等等。enYou just type Notre Dame into Flickr, and you get some pictures of guys in T-shirts, and of the campus and so on. |
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translationzh所有这些橘黄颜色的锥形都代表了一张 用来建立模型的图片。enAnd each of these orange cones represents an image that was discovered to belong to this model. |
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translationzh这些全部是来自Flickr的图片， 被这样在空间里被串联起来。enAnd so these are all Flickr images, and they've all been related spatially in this way."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "接着，我们便可如此自如的进行浏览。", "en": ["We can just navigate in this very simple way."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "（鼓掌） 说实话，我从来没想过我会最后来为微软工作", "en": ["You know, I never thought that I'd end up working at Microsoft. |
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translationzh受到这样欢迎，真挺令人高兴的。enIt's very gratifying to have this kind of reception here."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我想你们可以看出 这些图片原自很多不同的相机： 从手机摄像头到专业单反。 如此大量的不同质量的照片，全被在这个环境下 拼合在了一起", "en": ["I guess you can see this is lots of different types of cameras: it's everything from cell-phone cameras to professional SLRs, quite a large number of them, stitched together in this environment. |
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translationzh让我来找些比较诡异的图片。 看，不少照片包含了游客的大头照等等。enIf I can find some of the sort of weird ones -- So many of them are occluded by faces, and so on. |
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translationzh我记得这儿应该有 一个系列的照片 - 啊，在这儿。enSomewhere in here there is actually a series of photographs -- here we go. |
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translationzh这个是巴黎圣母院的海报。enThis is actually a poster of Notre Dame that registered correctly. |
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translationzh我们可以钻到海报里 去看整个重建的环境。enWe can dive in from the poster to a physical view of this environment. |
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translationzh这里的重点呢便是我们可以 有效地利用网络社区。我们可以从每个人那里得到数据enWhat the point here really is is that we can do things with the social environment. |
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translationzh将每个人对不同环境 的记忆收集在一起， 共建成模型。enThis is now taking data from everybody -- from the entire collective memory, visually, of what the Earth looks like -- and link all of that together. |
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translationzh当所有这些图片交织在一起时， 所衍生出的 要远远超过单单收集起全部。enThose photos become linked, and they make something emergent that's greater than the sum of the parts."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这个模型所衍生出的，是整个地球。", "en": ["You have a model that emerges of the entire Earth."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这如同是Stephen Lawler的《虚拟地球》的长尾市场。", "en": ["Think of this as the long tail to Stephen Lawler's Virtual Earth work. |
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translationzh这类模型，会随着人们的 使用而不断变的复杂， 变得更加有价值。enAnd this is something that grows in complexity as people use it, and whose benefits become greater to the users as they use it. |
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translationzh用户的照片，会被大家 注上标签。enTheir own photos are getting tagged with meta-data that somebody else entered. |
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translationzh如果有人愿意为所有这些圣母院里的圣贤注上标签， 表明他们是谁，那我们的圣母院照片便会 一下子丰富起来， 然后呢，我们便能以这张照片为起点，进入这个空间， 这个由很多人的照片所搭建的虚拟世界， 从而得到一种跨越模型， 跨越用户的交互体验。enIf somebody bothered to tag all of these saints and say who they all are, then my photo of Notre Dame Cathedral suddenly gets enriched with all of that data, and I can use it as an entry point to dive into that space, into that meta-verse, using everybody else's photos, and do a kind of a cross-modal and cross-user social experience that way."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "当然了，这一切所带来另外一个宝贵产物便是 一个非常丰富的模型 - 充斥 这地球每个角落里有趣的景观。这些景观不再 局限于航空和卫星图片， 而是实实在在的人们按下快门一刻所收藏的记忆的集合。", "en": ["And of course, a by-product of all of that is immensely rich virtual models of every interesting part of the Earth, collected not just from overhead flights and from satellite images and so on, but from the collective memory."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "非常感谢！", "en": ["Thank you so much."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "Chris Anderson: 如果我理解正确的话，你们的这个软件将能够 在未来的几年内 将来自全球的图片 接合在一起？", "en": ["Chris Anderson: Do I understand this right? What your software is going to allow, is that at some point, really within the next few years, all the pictures that are shared by anyone across the world are going to link together?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "BAA:是的。这个软件的真正意义便是去探索。 它在图片间构建起超链接。 这个接合的过程", "en": ["BAA: Yes. What this is really doing is discovering, creating hyperlinks, if you will, between images."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "完全是基于图片的内容。", "en": ["It's doing that based on the content inside the images. |
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translationzh更令人兴奋的 在于图片所包含的大量文字语义信息。enAnd that gets really exciting when you think about the richness of the semantic information a lot of images have. |
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translationzh比如，你在网上所以一张图片， 键入关键词后，网页上的文字内容 将包含大量与这个图片相关的信息。enLike when you do a web search for images, you type in phrases, and the text on the web page is carrying a lot of information about what that picture is of. |
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translationzh现在，假设这些图片全都与你的图片相连，那将会怎样？enWhat if that picture links to all of your pictures? |
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translationzh那时，所以这些语义信息的相互链接 以及内容量将是enThe amount of semantic interconnection and richness that comes out of that is really huge. |
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translationzh巨大的。这将是非常典型的网络效应。enIt's a classic network effect."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "CA:Blaise，太难以置信了。祝贺你们！ BAA:非常感谢各位！", "en": ["CA: Truly incredible. Congratulations."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "对我来说 在世界各地旅行 和从事人类学研究的生涯中 最大的乐趣之一莫过于 体验那些没有忘记传统的族群的生活 沐浴在微风中 触摸被雨水冲洗得晶莹光亮的石头 尝着苦叶的味道 你能感受到他们的历史", "en": ["You know, one of the intense pleasures of travel and one of the delights of ethnographic research is the opportunity to live amongst those who have not forgotten the old ways, who still feel their past in the wind, touch it in stones polished by rain, taste it in the bitter leaves of plants."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "在萨满教的传说中 老虎要跨越银河 因纽特老人的神话仍然引起后人的共鸣 或者在喜马拉雅山 佛教徒还在追随法门 这让我们想起人类学的核心揭示 它的思想要义是 我们生活的世界 不是存在于一个绝对的意识之中 而只是一个现实模型", "en": ["Just to know that Jaguar shamans still journey beyond the Milky Way, or the myths of the Inuit elders still resonate with meaning, or that in the Himalaya, the Buddhists still pursue the breath of the Dharma, is to really remember the central revelation of anthropology, and that is the idea that the world in which we live does not exist in some absolute sense, but is just one model of reality,"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "只是一种适应性选择的结果 我们的祖先在很多世代以前就成功地做出了这种选择", "en": ["the consequence of one particular set of adaptive choices that our lineage made, albeit successfully, many generations ago."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "当然 我们所有都遵守同一种适应性规则", "en": ["And of course, we all share the same adaptive imperatives."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们都出生于母腹 并且在这个世上生儿育女", "en": ["We're all born. We all bring our children into the world. |
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translationzh我们要经历成年礼的洗礼enWe go through initiation rites. |
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translationzh必须面对残酷的生离死别 因此 我们要歌唱和舞蹈 以排遣生活中的苦楚 我们创造了艺术enWe have to deal with the inexorable separation of death, so it shouldn't surprise us that we all sing, we all dance, we all have art."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "但是 你会发现 每种文化的歌曲韵律 和舞蹈节奏有着独一无二的特色", "en": ["But what's interesting is the unique cadence of the song, the rhythm of the dance in every culture. |
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translationzh无论是生活在婆罗 丛林的伯南人 还是海地的巫毒教侍僧 抑或是北肯尼亚凯苏特沙漠的武士 安迪斯山区的巫医 或撒哈拉沙漠中部的围帐客栈 一个月 我曾经与这个人一起结伴 前往沙漠 他是一位牦牛牧养人 生活在世界之巅enAnd whether it is the Penan in the forests of Borneo, or the Voodoo acolytes in Haiti, or the warriors in the Kaisut desert of Northern Kenya, the Curandero in the mountains of the Andes, or a caravanserai in the middle of the Sahara -- this is incidentally the fellow that I traveled into the desert with a month ago -- or indeed a yak herder in the slopes of Qomolangma, |
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translationzh珠穆朗玛峰的山坡上enEverest, the goddess mother of the world. |
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translationzh所有这些族群向我们展现了不同的生存方式和 不同的思维方式 以及不同的人生观enAll of these peoples teach us that there are other ways of being, other ways of thinking, other ways of orienting yourself in the Earth. |
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translationzh如果你认真思考 你发会现 这种不同的思维会让你看到希望enAnd this is an idea, if you think about it, can only fill you with hope. |
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translationzh这个世界五彩缤纷的文化 犹如一张由精神生活和文化生活交织而成的网 覆盖整个地球 它对于地球的芸芸众生有着十分重要的意义 如同我们称为生物圈的生态之网一样重要enNow, together the myriad cultures of the world make up a web of spiritual life and cultural life that envelops the planet, and is as important to the well-being of the planet as indeed is the biological web of life that you know as a biosphere. |
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translationzh你可以把这种生命的文化之网 看作是一个种族圈 这个种族圈可以被定义为 一个人类自从有自我意识以来通过想像力 创造的所有思想和梦想、神话、直觉 的全部之和enAnd you might think of this cultural web of life as being an ethnosphere, and you might define the ethnosphere as being the sum total of all thoughts and dreams, myths, ideas, inspirations, intuitions brought into being by the human imagination since the dawn of consciousness. |
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translationzh这个种族圈是人类的伟大遗产enThe ethnosphere is humanity's great legacy."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "它是我们的身份标志 也是我们作为具有很强的探究能力的物种的标志", "en": ["It's the symbol of all that we are and all that we can be as an astonishingly inquisitive species. |
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translationzh如同生物圈受到严重的侵蚀一样 种族圈也面临着同样的厄运 而且 它的毁灭速度更快enAnd just as the biosphere has been severely eroded, so too is the ethnosphere -- and, if anything, at a far greater rate. |
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translationzh没有任何一位生物学家敢断言 50% 或更多的物种已经灭绝 或者正处在灭绝的边缘 因为真相并非如此 生物多样性的 最悲观的状况 也要远胜于 文化多样性的最乐观的状况enNo biologists, for example, would dare suggest that 50 percent of all species or more have been or are on the brink of extinction because it simply is not true, in the realm of biological diversity -- scarcely approaches what we know to be the most optimistic scenario in the realm of cultural diversity. |
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translationzh这其中的一个最重要的标志 就是语言的enAnd the great indicator of that, of course, is language loss. |
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translationzh在我们生活的这个星球上 原本有 6:00 种语言enWhen each of you in this room were born, there were 6,000 languages spoken on the planet. |
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translationzh语言不仅仅是发音 和语法规则enNow, a language is not just a body of vocabulary or a set of grammatical rules. |
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translationzh语言是人类精神的闪光enA language is a flash of the human spirit. |
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translationzh它是各个独特文化的精神实质 在这个物质世界上的承载体enIt's a vehicle through which the soul of each particular culture comes into the material world."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "每一种语言都是一种思想 一种意识和一种精神生态系统的长期沉淀和积累", "en": ["Every language is an old-growth forest of the mind, a watershed, a thought, an ecosystem of spiritual possibilities."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们知道地球上有 6:00 种语言 这和我们在座的观众数量一样多 在这些语言中 有一半已经不再向孩子们传授", "en": ["And of those 6,000 languages, as we sit here today in Monterey, fully half are no longer being whispered into the ears of children."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这些语言已经没有传人 也就是说 除非采取有效的措施 它们将会彻底消失", "en": ["They're no longer being taught to babies, which means, effectively, unless something changes, they're already dead."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "想象一下 当你有口难言 或者，你是最后一个会说本族语言的人 没有办法传承祖先的智慧 也无许预言孩子们的未来 这会是多么的孤独和可怕", "en": ["What could be more lonely than to be enveloped in silence, to be the last of your people to speak your language, to have no way to pass on the wisdom of the ancestors or anticipate the promise of the children?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "另外 一个可怕的事实是 在地球上 大约每两个星期 就会有一位年长者仙逝 与之伴随的是 一种古老语言的消失", "en": ["And yet, that dreadful fate is indeed the plight of somebody somewhere on Earth roughly every two weeks, because every two weeks, some elder dies and carries with him into the grave the last syllables of an ancient tongue."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我知道你们有人会说 那样岂不是更好吗 如果世界上只有一种语言 那不是更好吗 那么我要说 假设这种唯一的语言是约鲁巴语 或者是粤语", "en": ["And I know there's some of you who say, \ And I say, \]}} |
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{: {: , : [ |
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translationzh你就会发现 你不会说自己的母语了enAnd you'll suddenly discover what it would be like to be unable to speak your own language."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "因此 今天我要做的事情 就是带领你们去探索这个种族圈 让你们对种族圈有大致的了解 并且让你们切身感受到正在灭亡的文明", "en": ["And so, what I'd like to do with you today is sort of take you on a journey through the ethnosphere, a brief journey through the ethnosphere, to try to begin to give you a sense of what in fact is being lost. |
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translationzh可能有很多人已经忘了 前面我说过的“不同的生存方式” 前面我说过的“不同的生存方式”enNow, there are many of us who sort of forget that when I say \ I really do mean different ways of being. |
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translationzh举个例子 这个小孩生活在亚玛逊西北部的巴拉撒拉地区 他们被称为森蚺之族 因为他们相信一个传说 即他们来自米尔克河东岸 诞生于神圣的蛇腹enTake, for example, this child of a Barasana in the Northwest Amazon, the people of the anaconda who believe that mythologically they came up the milk river from the east in the belly of sacred snakes. |
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translationzh这个族群的人不能区分 蓝色和绿色 因为丛林是他们的栖身之地 所以在他们看来 天穹与森林的树冠并没有区别 他们说着一种奇怪的语言 并且遵守一种独特的通婚规则 这称为语言学异族通婚 一位族人必须与操一种不同语言的人结婚enNow, this is a people who cognitively do not distinguish the color blue from the color green because the canopy of the heavens is equated to the canopy of the forest upon which the people depend. They have a curious language and marriage rule which is called \ you must marry someone who speaks a different language. |
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translationzh这都是根据神话传说的历史传承下来的 你可以看到一个奇怪的现象 由于异族同婚的缘故 一个大家族往往有六七种语言 你从不会看到有人操练一种语言enAnd this is all rooted in the mythological past, yet the curious thing is in these long houses, where there are six or seven languages spoken because of intermarriage, you never hear anyone practicing a language. |
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translationzh他们只要会听 就会说一种语言了enThey simply listen and then begin to speak. |
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translationzh在我曾经接触过的众多种族 厄瓜多尔东北部的华拉尼族人是最奇妙的种族之一 早在 1958 年，我曾经与他们有过和平友好的接触enOr, one of the most fascinating tribes I ever lived with, the Waorani of northeastern Ecuador, an astonishing people first contacted peacefully in 1958. |
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translationzh1957 年 五名传教士试图接近他们 但是这些人犯了一个致命的错误enIn 1957, five missionaries attempted contact and made a critical mistake. |
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translationzh他们从空中丢下 八到十张他们本人的照片 在我们看来 这是友好的表示 但是他们却没有想到 这些生活在雨林中的人 从来没有见过二维的照片enThey dropped from the air 8 x 10 glossy photographs of themselves in what we would say to be friendly gestures, forgetting that these people of the rainforest had never seen anything two-dimensional in their lives. |
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translationzh他们从林地上捡起这些照片 然后把照片翻过来 试图找到这些人的身影 但是他们发现什么也没有 于是他们认为 这是恶魔发出的召唤卡片 于是他们用长矛戮死了这五名传教士enThey picked up these photographs from the forest floor, tried to look behind the face to find the form or the figure, found nothing, and concluded that these were calling cards from the devil, so they speared the five missionaries to death. |
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translationzh更恐怖的是 华拉尼不仅戮死外来人士enBut the Waorani didn't just spear outsiders."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "他们还自相残杀", "en": ["They speared each other."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "54% 的死亡人口是被他们自己的族人戮死的", "en": ["54 percent of their mortality was due to them spearing each other."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们对一个八代宗谱进行调查 发现只有两例自然死亡 我们刨根问底 他们终于道出真相 同族人年迈不堪行就将木的时候 他们就会戮死他 为他送终 另一方面 他们对丛林 有着令人惊诧的洞察力", "en": ["We traced genealogies back eight generations, and we found two instances of natural death and when we pressured the people a little bit about it, they admitted that one of the fellows had gotten so old that he died getting old, so we speared him anyway. But at the same time they had a perspicacious knowledge of the forest that was astonishing."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "他们的猎手能够闻到 40 步开外的动物尿液味道 而且知道那是什么动物的尿液", "en": ["Their hunters could smell animal urine at 40 paces and tell you what species left it behind."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "在 80 年代早期 我曾经承担了一项奇妙的任务 我在哈佛大学的教授问我 是否有兴趣去海地 去潜入一个秘密社团 那是海地总统杜华利和他的政权 支持者的基地 教授让我去那里获取一种用于制造僵尸的毒药", "en": ["In the early '80s, I had a really astonishing assignment when I was asked by my professor at Harvard if I was interested in going down to Haiti, infiltrating the secret societies which were the foundation of Duvalier's strength and Tonton Macoutes, and securing the poison used to make zombies."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "为了理解其中的奥秘 我必须弄明白这种神奇的宗教信仰巫毒教是怎么一回事 巫毒教不是一种黑暗的魔纪教派", "en": ["In order to make sense out of sensation, of course, I had to understand something about this remarkable faith of Vodoun. And Voodoo is not a black magic cult."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "相反 这是一种复杂的形而上学的世界观", "en": ["On the contrary, it's a complex metaphysical worldview. |
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translationzh这很有意思enIt's interesting."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如果我要你列举出世界上一些重要的宗教 你会举出哪些例子", "en": ["If I asked you to name the great religions of the world, what would you say?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "基督教 伊斯兰教 佛教 还有其他一些宗教", "en": ["Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, whatever."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "有一个大陆始终被遗忘 很多人认为 撒哈拉以南的非洲地区 没有宗教信仰 这是不正确的 在大饥荒时代 这些地区的人流浪到世界各地 把他们的宗教信仰也带到那里", "en": ["There's always one continent left out, the assumption being that sub-Saharan Africa had no religious beliefs. Well, of course, they did and Voodoo is simply the distillation of these very profound religious ideas that came over during the tragic Diaspora of the slavery era. |
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translationzh而巫毒教融汇这些宗教的精华 巫毒的独特之处在于 它是生者与死者 之间的一种联系enBut, what makes Voodoo so interesting is that it's this living relationship between the living and the dead."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "生者孕育了灵魂", "en": ["So, the living give birth to the spirits."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "应着舞蹈的节奏翩翩起舞 可以唤醒大水之下的灵魂 暂时地代替生者的灵魂 在那个短暂的闪光时刻 侍僧成为神", "en": ["responding to the rhythm of the dance to momentarily displace the soul of the living, so that for that brief shining moment, the acolyte becomes the god."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "因此 巫毒教徒喜欢说 你们去教堂做礼拜 言必称上帝", "en": ["That's why the Voodooists like to say that \]}} |
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translationzh你已经被神灵附体 怎么还会受到伤害呢enAnd because you are possessed, you are taken by the spirit -- how can you be harmed? |
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translationzh于是 你会看一些令人惊奇的现象 巫毒教侍僧进入一种神志恍惚的状态 手持燃烧的枝条 但是毫发无损 当他们进入一种极端亢奋的状态时候enSo you see these astonishing demonstrations: Voodoo acolytes in a state of trance to affect the body that bears it when catalyzed in the state of extreme excitation. |
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translationzh你还会看到更加令人吃惊的现象 让你感受意志力的强大 在我接触过的所有族群中 生活在哥伦比亚北部的圣玛尔塔山区的科基人enNow, of all the peoples that I've ever been with, the most extraordinary are the Kogi of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "是最不同寻常的 这个种族是古代暴政文明的后裔 他们曾经一度征服和占领了哥伦比亚的 加勒比海岸平原地区 此后 他们退回到加勒比海岸平原的 一个与世隔绝的山区", "en": ["Descendants of the ancient Tairona civilization which once carpeted the Caribbean coastal plain of Colombia, in the wake of the conquest, these people retreated into an isolated volcanic massif that soars above the Caribbean coastal plain."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "在这个血腥肆虐的大陆 这个种族从来没有被西班牙人征服过", "en": ["In a bloodstained continent, these people alone were never conquered by the Spanish."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "至到今天 他们沿续着僧侣会统治制度 但是 他们的僧侣训诫非常的独特", "en": ["To this day, they remain ruled by a ritual priesthood but the training for the priesthood is rather extraordinary."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "还只有三四岁的时候 年幼的侍僧就被带离他们的家庭 隐居在黑暗世界 的冰川上用石头彻成的小屋里待到十八岁 十八年是两个九年之和 它象征在母腹的 九月怀胎", "en": ["The young acolytes are taken away from their families sequestered in a shadowy world of darkness in stone huts at the base of glaciers for 18 years: two nine-year periods deliberately chosen to mimic the nine months of gestation they spend in their natural mother's womb; now they are metaphorically in the womb of the great mother. |
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translationzh在此期间 他们如同重新回到母腹 被灌输族群的价值观 这些价值观是维系着 信徒与宇宙之间的关系enAnd for this entire time, they are inculturated into the values of their society, values that maintain the proposition that their prayers and their prayers alone maintain the cosmic -- or we might say the ecological -- balance. |
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translationzh我们可称之为生态平衡 直到他们十八岁的时候 这种神奇的洗礼结束 他们生平第一次走出小屋看到阳光 在阳光的照耀下 大地呈现出令人震撼的壮观美景 那一刻 意识突然苏醒 他们以前学到的所有抽象知识 都是在令人惊叹的荣耀中得到印证 这时 祭司走过来说 看到了吧 我以前教你的都是真的enAnd at the end of this amazing initiation, and for the first time in their lives, at the age of 18, they see a sunrise. And in that crystal moment of awareness of first light as the Sun begins to bathe the slopes of the stunningly beautiful landscape, suddenly everything they have learned in the abstract is affirmed in stunning glory. And the priest steps back and says, \]}} |
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translationzh他们称自己为兄长 称我们为弟兄 说我们是破坏世界的人enThey call themselves the \ and they say we, who are the younger brothers, are the ones responsible for destroying the world. |
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translationzh这种直觉的领会能力非常重要enNow, this level of intuition becomes very important. |
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translationzh说到土族居民和原始的风土人情 我们会想到罗素 关于那个高贵的野人的古老传说 那一个理想的种族主义者 我们会想到梭罗 这些人比我们更亲近大地enWhenever we think of indigenous people and landscape, we either invoke Rousseau and the old canard of the \ which is an idea racist in its simplicity, or alternatively, we invoke Thoreau and say these people are closer to the Earth than we are. |
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translationzh土著人并不会多愁善感 也不会承受思乡之苦enWell, indigenous people are neither sentimental nor weakened by nostalgia. |
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translationzh在疟疾盛行的阿斯玛特湿地 在寒风刺骨的西藏 并没有多少平整的土地 但是他们依靠众人的力量 经年累月 在世上创造了流传百世的神迹 这并不是因为他们自觉地认识到这一点 而且凭借非常敏感的直觉 他们认为这个世界本身的存在 是因为人类的意识吸收了自然的精华enThere's not a lot of room for either in the malarial swamps of the Asmat or in the chilling winds of Tibet, but they have, nevertheless, through time and ritual, forged a traditional mystique of the Earth that is based not on the idea of being self-consciously close to it, but on a far subtler intuition: the idea that the Earth itself can only exist because it is breathed into being by human consciousness."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "那么 这是什么意思呢", "en": ["Now, what does that mean?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们可以打个比方 一位生活在安第斯山脉的小孩 大人们从小就教导他说 那里的大山是阿普神的化身 它将会指引他们的命运 他们是一类完全不同的人 他们与那里的自然环境和生养之地有着一种不同的关系 而在蒙大拿州的年轻人看来 一座大山只不过是 一堆石头 可以用来开采石矿", "en": ["It means that a young kid from the Andes who's raised to believe that that mountain is an Apu spirit that will direct his or her destiny will be a profoundly different human being and have a different relationship to that resource or that place than a young kid from Montana raised to believe that a mountain is a pile of rock ready to be mined. |
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translationzh无论那座大山是神的住所 或者仅仅是一堆矿石 这都不重要enWhether it's the abode of a spirit or a pile of ore is irrelevant."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "重要的是 这种象征意义 阐述了人与自然之间的关系", "en": ["What's interesting is the metaphor that defines the relationship between the individual and the natural world. |
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translationzh我在英属哥伦比亚的丛林长大 受当地人思想的影响 我认为丛林是要被砍伐的enI was raised in the forests of British Columbia to believe those forests existed to be cut. |
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translationzh这种想法让我与 夸基特尔部落的朋友们成为两类截然不同的人 因为他们相信 这些树木是胡克神 和天堂之眼的化身 吃人的精灵在世界的最北边 在哈马撒成人礼上 他们会与这些精灵开战enThat made me a different human being than my friends amongst the Kwagiulth who believe that those forests were the abode of Huxwhukw and the Crooked Beak of Heaven and the cannibal spirits that dwelled at the north end of the world, spirits they would have to engage during their Hamatsa initiation. |
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translationzh如果你从这个角度来看 你就会发现 这些文化创造了不同的生活方式 你就会明白 他们与众不同的生活方式enNow, if you begin to look at the idea that these cultures could create different realities, you could begin to understand some of their extraordinary discoveries. Take this plant here. |
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translationzh这张照片是我去年八月份在亚马逊西北地区拍摄的enIt's a photograph I took in the Northwest Amazon just last April."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这是阿亚胡斯卡藤 俗称死藤 你们很多人都听说过 它是一种非常强效的精神麻醉植物 萨满教徒常用它制作迷幻药- 死藤水", "en": ["This is ayahuasca, which many of you have heard about, the most powerful psychoactive preparation of the shaman's repertoire. |
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translationzh死藤水的奇妙之处 不在于它神奇的药用性 而在于它的加工方法 实际上它由两种物质组成 一方面 它是一种藤本植物 含有 β-咔啉 蓬硷 和微量的致幻成份 就拿它的藤来说 你似乎可以看到 一层蓝色的烟雾 它与一种名为九节木的咖啡属灌木的枝叶enWhat makes ayahuasca fascinating is not the sheer pharmacological potential of this preparation, but the elaboration of it. It's made really of two different sources: on the one hand, this woody liana which has in it a series of beta-carbolines, harmine, harmaline, mildly hallucinogenic -- to take the vine alone is rather to have sort of blue hazy smoke drift across your consciousness -- but it's mixed with the leaves of a shrub in the coffee family |
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translationzh混杂在一起encalled Psychotria viridis. |
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translationzh这种植物具有一种强效的色胺 它的成分与脑内的5-羟色胺的成份 非常接近enThis plant had in it some very powerful tryptamines, very close to brain serotonin, dimethyltryptamine, 5-methoxydimethyltryptamine. |
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translationzh亚诺马米部落的人 也会从含有5-羟色胺的植物中 提取这种物质 并且用鼻子吸食enIf you've ever seen the Yanomami blowing that snuff up their noses, that substance they make from a different set of species also contains methoxydimethyltryptamine."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如果你用鼻吸入这些粉末 你会看到光怪陆离的幻觉 处于一种非常亢奋的状态 现实在你面前不是扭曲 而是荡然无存", "en": ["To have that powder blown up your nose is rather like being shot out of a rifle barrel lined with baroque paintings and landing on a sea of electricity. It doesn't create the distortion of reality; it creates the dissolution of reality. |
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translationzh事实上 我曾经与我的导师 Richard Evan Shultes 争论过 上世纪 30 年代 我的导师曾经在墨西哥 发现一种神奇的蘑菇 具有很强的迷幻效果 我曾经和他争论说 你不能把这些色胺归入 迷幻成份类别 因为当它们在你身上发挥效力的时候 你已经无法体验到迷幻的感觉 但是 这些色胺物质并不能口服enIn fact, I used to argue with my professor, Richard Evan Shultes -- who is a man who sparked the psychedelic era with his discovery of the magic mushrooms in Mexico in the 1930s -- I used to argue that you couldn't classify these tryptamines as hallucinogenic because by the time you're under the effects there's no one home anymore to experience a hallucination. But the thing about tryptamines is they cannot be taken orally"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "因为它们会被 人体器官中的一种名为单胺氧化酶的酶改变活性", "en": ["because they're denatured by an enzyme found naturally in the human gut called monoamine oxidase. |
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translationzh要口服这些色胺物质 还有必须同时口服改变单胺氧化酶的活性的其他化学物质enThey can only be taken orally if taken in conjunction with some other chemical that denatures the MAO. |
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translationzh有意思的是 这种藤本植物中存在的 β-咔啉 正好能够抑制单胺氧化酶 而发挥色胺的效力 因此 你不由得要问自己enNow, the fascinating things are that the beta-carbolines found within that liana are MAO inhibitors of the precise sort necessary to potentiate the tryptamine. So you ask yourself a question. |
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translationzh在这片丛林中 有 80:00 种植物 那里的人们是如何发现这两种在形态上毫无关联的植物 组合在一起 会发挥这种神奇的效力 这如同一种生化实验 多种成分产生的化学效应大于各成分的效力之和enHow, in a flora of 80,000 species of vascular plants, do these people find these two morphologically unrelated plants that when combined in this way, created a kind of biochemical version of the whole being greater than the sum of the parts? |
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translationzh我们普通人会做各种各样的实验 不断地犯错误 结果却一无所获enWell, we use that great euphemism, \ which is exposed to be meaningless. |
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translationzh但是 如果你问印第安人 他们会说 植物会说话enBut you ask the Indians, and they say, \ |
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translationzh那是什么意思呢enWell, what does that mean? |
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translationzh科凡部落的人发现了 17 种死藤 全部是他们在丛林深处发现的 在我们看来 它们是不同的物种enThis tribe, the Cofan, has 17 varieties of ayahuasca, all of which they distinguish a great distance in the forest, all of which are referable to our eye as one species. |
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translationzh如果你问他们是如何给这些植物分门别类的 他们说 我想你对植物有一些研究enAnd then you ask them how they establish their taxonomy and they say, \]}} |
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{: {: , : [ And I said, \ |
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translationzh那我告诉你 他们说道 如果在月圆之夜 这 17 种植物的每一种植物 会用不同的密语向你歌唱enWell, it turns out you take each of the 17 varieties in the night of a full moon, and it sings to you in a different key. |
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translationzh这个发现不会让你得到哈佛大学的博士学位 但是它远比会计报表更有乐趣 现在 （鼓掌） 我们面临这样一个问题 虽然我们中的一些人同情土著人的遭遇 认为他们离群索居 生活丰富多彩 但是随着我们的世界向前发展 这些人退居到历史的边缘地位enNow, that's not going to get you a Ph.D. at Harvard, but it's a lot more interesting than counting stamens. Now -- -- the problem -- the problem is that even those of us sympathetic with the plight of indigenous people view them as quaint and colorful but somehow reduced to the margins of history as the real world, meaning our world, moves on. |
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translationzh对于 20 世纪 以及今后的 300 年 后人所记住的 不会这期间发生的战争 或者它的科技创新 而会记住 在我们这个时代 积极地对地球上的生态和文化多样性 进行大规模的破坏 或者被动地接受这个局面 现在 局面依然没有改变enWell, the truth is the 20th century, 300 years from now, is not going to be remembered for its wars or its technological innovations, but rather as the era in which we stood by and either actively endorsed or passively accepted the massive destruction of both biological and cultural diversity on the planet. Now, the problem isn't change."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "所有的文化 一直受到新的生活方式 的强烈冲击", "en": ["All cultures through all time have constantly been engaged in a dance with new possibilities of life."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这个问题并不在于技术本身", "en": ["And the problem is not technology itself."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "苏族印第安人即使放下弓箭 仍然还是苏族印第安人 而美国人告别骑马和坐马车的生活 依然还是美国人", "en": ["The Sioux Indians did not stop being Sioux when they gave up the bow and arrow any more than an American stopped being an American when he gave up the horse and buggy."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "威胁种族圈完整性的 不是变革或技术创新本身 而是权力 是野蛮的排他主义", "en": ["It's not change or technology that threatens the integrity of the ethnosphere. It is power, the crude face of domination. |
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translationzh观察我们周围的世界 你就会发现 没有一种文化是注定要消亡的 这些原本富有生机活力的人群 被强暴的力量驱逐出他们的生养之地 让他们感到无所适从 无论是伯南腹地 肆无忌惮的森林砍伐 还是东南亚的撒拉瓦克游民部落 他们上代人还自由自在地生活在丛林中enWherever you look around the world, you discover that these are not cultures destined to fade away; these are dynamic living peoples being driven out of existence by identifiable forces that are beyond their capacity to adapt to: whether it's the egregious deforestation in the homeland of the Penan -- a nomadic people from Southeast Asia, from Sarawak -- a people who lived free in the forest until a generation ago,"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "而现在全部已经沦落为仆役和妓女 在河岸边 你可以看到河水泥沙很重 似乎要把婆罗族的一半居住地冲走到 南中国海 在那里 日本的人货船已经整装待发 准备运走从森林砍伐的圆木 我们再来看亚诺马米部落", "en": ["and now have all been reduced to servitude and prostitution on the banks of the rivers, where you can see the river itself is soiled with the silt that seems to be carrying half of Borneo away to the South China Sea, where the Japanese freighters hang light in the horizon ready to fill their holds with raw logs ripped from the forest -- or, in the case of the Yanomami,"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "在那里 由于发现了金矿 人们蜂拥而至", "en": ["it's the disease entities that have come in, in the wake of the discovery of gold. |
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translationzh我们再来看看西藏山区 最近我在那里做了大量的研究 在那里 你会看到政治独裁的残酷压迫enOr if we go into the mountains of Tibet, where I'm doing a lot of research recently, you'll see it's a crude face of political domination."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "虽然种族灭绝 在全世界受到一致的谴责 但是种族文化灭绝 也就是破坏人们的生活方式的行径 却没有受到谴责 在很多地方 它甚至被视为发展战略的一部分", "en": ["You know, genocide, the physical extinction of a people is universally condemned, but ethnocide, the destruction of people's way of life, is not only not condemned, it's universally, in many quarters, celebrated as part of a development strategy."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "受到赞扬 只要你亲自去那里 你才能体会到西藏承受的痛楚 我和一位年轻的同事 从中国西北部的成都市出发", "en": ["And you cannot understand the pain of Tibet until you move through it at the ground level."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "经过 6:00 英里的旅程 穿过西藏的东南地区 到达拉萨 当我到达拉萨的时候 才真正明白 你们所听说过的那些统计数字 背后隐藏的真相 在文化大革命期间 6:00 座神殿庙宇被拆毁 120 万人被共产党骨干分子杀害 这位年轻人的父亲皈依班禅喇嘛 中国人入侵后", "en": ["I once travelled 6,000 miles from Chengdu in Western China overland through southeastern Tibet to Lhasa with a young colleague, and it was only when I got to Lhasa that I understood the face behind the statistics you hear about: 6,000 sacred monuments torn apart to dust and ashes, 1.2 million people killed by the cadres during the Cultural Revolution."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "他立即被杀害了 他的叔叔和其他信徒", "en": ["That meant he was instantly killed at the time of the Chinese invasion."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "一起逃亡到尼泊尔 他的母亲因为富农家庭成份", "en": ["His uncle fled with His Holiness in the Diaspora that took the people to Nepal."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "而被关押起来 那时他还只有两岁 他的母亲悄悄地把他藏在裙子下面 把他带进牢房 因为她不能离开她的儿子", "en": ["His mother was incarcerated He was smuggled into the jail at the age of two to hide beneath her skirt tails because she couldn't bear to be without him. |
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translationzh他的姐姐因为冒犯行为 而被送入学习班enThe sister who had done that brave deed was put into an education camp. |
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translationzh有一天 她不小心踩到 印有毛主席头像的臂章 而被处以判国罪 接受七年劳教enOne day she inadvertently stepped on an armband of Mao, and for that transgression, she was given seven years of hard labor. |
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translationzh西藏的痛楚让人难以承受 人类的救赎精神需要得到见证enThe pain of Tibet can be impossible to bear, but the redemptive spirit of the people is something to behold. |
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translationzh到最后 我们将面临这样一个选择 我们是想要生活在单一的世界中 还是需要一个五彩缤纷、多样化的世界enAnd in the end, then, it really comes down to a choice: do we want to live in a monochromatic world of monotony or do we want to embrace a polychromatic world of diversity? |
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translationzh伟大的人类学家 Margaret Mead 在生前曾经说过 她最担心的事情是 由于我们已经走进 这种无形的原生世界观 我们不仅会看到 人类的想像力 陷入更陕隘的思维圈子 而且某一天 我们一觉醒来 会忘记这个世界还有其他的可能性enMargaret Mead, the great anthropologist, said, before she died, that her greatest fear was that as we drifted towards this blandly amorphous generic world view not only would we see the entire range of the human imagination reduced to a more narrow modality of thought, but that we would wake from a dream one day having forgotten there were even other possibilities. |
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translationzh回想起我们人类已经在世界上存在了 15 万年 这会让我们感到羞愧enAnd it's humbling to remember that our species has, perhaps, been around for [150,000] years."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "新石器时代革命让人类进入农业时代 我们对种子顶礼腊拜 萨满的诗篇 被祭司的箴言抽取代 我们创造了层次化的社会分工 这只 10:00 年前的事情", "en": ["The Neolithic Revolution -- which gave us agriculture, at which time we succumbed to the cult of the seed; the poetry of the shaman was displaced by the prose of the priesthood; we created hierarchy specialization surplus -- is only 10,000 years ago."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "现代化的工业社会 只有将近三百年的历史", "en": ["The modern industrial world as we know it is barely 300 years old."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "在我看来 这个短暂的历史 还足以让我们有能力 解决未来千年将面临的各种挑战", "en": ["Now, that shallow history doesn't suggest to me that we have all the answers for all of the challenges that will confront us in the ensuing millennia. |
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translationzh当我们向这个世界的不同文化 询问生命的意义 你会听到 10:00 种不同的答案enWhen these myriad cultures of the world are asked the meaning of being human, they respond with 10,000 different voices. |
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translationzh在歌声中， 我们将会重新发现 作为人类我们有另外一种可能性：一个有完全意识的物种 充分认识到 我们必须保证所有种族和所有生物 昌盛繁荣 对生活充满乐观enAnd it's within that song that we will all rediscover the possibility of being what we are: a fully conscious species, fully aware of ensuring that all peoples and all gardens find a way to flourish. And there are great moments of optimism."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这张照片是我在巴芬岛的北部山顶上拍摄的 那时 我和一些因纽特人去捕独角鲸 这个叫奥拉雅的人向我讲述了一个关于他的祖父的传奇故事", "en": ["This is a photograph I took at the northern tip of Baffin Island when I went narwhal hunting with some Inuit people, and this man, Olayuk, told me a marvelous story of his grandfather."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "在上世纪 50 年代 加拿大政府并不是 一直善待因纽特人 为了建立我们的主权国家 我们将他们驱赶到指定的定居点", "en": ["The Canadian government has not always been kind to the Inuit people, and during the 1950s, to establish our sovereignty, we forced them into settlements."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这位老人的祖父拒绝迁移", "en": ["This old man's grandfather refused to go. |
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translationzh他的家人担心他的安全 把他的所有武器和工具 都拿走了enThe family, fearful for his life, took away all of his weapons, all of his tools. |
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translationzh你们都知道 因纽特人不怕冷 这是他们特天独厚的优势enNow, you must understand that the Inuit did not fear the cold; they took advantage of it. |
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translationzh他们的雪橇的滑条最初是用 北美驯鹿皮包裹的冻鱼干做成的enThe runners of their sleds were originally made of fish wrapped in caribou hide. |
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translationzh这位男子的祖父并不惧怕北极的夜晚 和凛冽的暴风雪enSo, this man's grandfather was not intimidated by the Arctic night or the blizzard that was blowing."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "他睡在外面 穿着他的海豹皮长裤 他把大便拉到手上 等到大便快变得僵硬的时候 他把它做成刀片的形状", "en": ["He simply slipped outside, pulled down his sealskin trousers and defecated into his hand. And as the feces began to freeze, he shaped it into the form of a blade."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "然后在这把屎做成的刀片边缘吐上口水 等它结冰之后变得非常坚固之后 他用这把刀子宰杀了一条狗", "en": ["He put a spray of saliva on the edge of the shit knife and as it finally froze solid, he butchered a dog with it."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "剥下狗皮 做成一副挽具 他又取出狗的胸腔 做成雪橇 套到另一只狗身上 腰间别着那把屎做成的刀 消失在冰原上", "en": ["He skinned the dog and improvised a harness, took the ribcage of the dog and improvised a sled, harnessed up an adjacent dog, and disappeared over the ice floes, shit knife in belt."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这真是空手造万物 从很多方面来说 （鼓掌） 这是因纽特人 世界上的所有土著人的顽强生命力的真实写照", "en": ["Talk about getting by with nothing. And this, in many ways -- -- is a symbol of the resilience of the Inuit people and of all indigenous people around the world."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "1999 年 4 月 加拿大政府 将一块面积比加利福尼亚和德克萨斯的面积之和还要大的土地", "en": ["The Canadian government in April of 1999 an area of land larger than California and Texas put together."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "重新归还给因纽特人 我是我们的新家园 它的名字叫纽勒维特", "en": ["It's our new homeland. It's called Nunavut."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这是一块独立的领土 他们控制那里所有的海洋资源", "en": ["It's an independent territory. They control all mineral resources. |
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translationzh这个例子很好地说明了 一个国家可以有所作为 想办法修复与它的人民之间的关系enAn amazing example of how a nation-state can seek restitution with its people. |
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translationzh最后 我认为 对于曾经去过这个世界上 一些偏远地区的人来说 其实那里并不偏远enAnd finally, in the end, I think it's pretty obvious at least to all of all us who've traveled in these remote reaches of the planet, to realize that they're not remote at all."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "因为那里是某个族类的家园", "en": ["They're homelands of somebody. |
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translationzh他们代表着人类想象力的分支 可以追溯到最远古的起源时期 对于我们所有的人来说 这些孩子们的梦想 与我们自己的孩子们的梦想一样 是整个世界未来希望的一部分enThey represent branches of the human imagination that go back to the dawn of time. And for all of us, the dreams of these children, like the dreams of our own children, become part of the naked geography of hope. |
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translationzh因此 我们要通过国家地理杂志和电视台所做的事情就是 我们相信政治家不会做出成绩enSo, what we're trying to do at the National Geographic, finally, is, we believe that politicians will never accomplish anything."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们认为 （鼓掌） 辩论不是为了说服别人 但是我们认为 通过讲述事实 可以让世界得到改观 因此 我们可能是世界上最擅长讲述事实的机构 我们的网站每月点击量达到 3 千 5 百万次", "en": ["We think that polemics -- -- we think that polemics are not persuasive, but we think that storytelling can change the world, and so we are probably the best storytelling institution in the world. We get 35 million hits on our website every month."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们的电视频道在 156 个国家播放", "en": ["156 nations carry our television channel."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们的杂志有上百万的读者", "en": ["Our magazines are read by millions."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们要做的是 通过一系列的种族圈旅程 带领我们的观众去领略 文化奇迹之地 他们所看到的一切 会让他们情不自禁地感到震撼 而且我们希望 他偿逐渐地包容和接纳这些文化 人类学的核心揭示是 这个世界需要多样化的生存方式 让我们能够真正地生活在 一个多元文化的世界之中", "en": ["And what we're doing is a series of journeys to the ethnosphere where we're going to take our audience to places of such cultural wonder that they cannot help but come away dazzled by what they have seen, and hopefully, therefore, embrace gradually, one by one, the central revelation of anthropology: that this world deserves to exist in a diverse way, that we can find a way to live in a truly multicultural, pluralistic world"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "让所有种族的智慧 能够为全人类的福址做出贡献", "en": ["where all of the wisdom of all peoples can contribute to our collective well-being."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "谢谢", "en": ["Thank you very much."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我想在这里谈谈我这本书里的部分内容 希望它和你们已经听到过的一些事物 引起共鸣 如果有哪些你们不清楚的我在这里会试着 帮你把它们联系起来。", "en": ["I'm going to talk to you about some stuff that's in this book of mine that I hope will resonate with other things you've already heard, and I'll try to make some connections myself, in case you missed them."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我想从一个公认的信条讲起。", "en": ["But I want to start with what I call the \"official dogma.\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "什么样的公认的信条呢？", "en": ["The official dogma of what?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "就是整个西方工业社会所笃信不疑的 一个信条。", "en": ["The official dogma of all Western industrial societies."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这个信条是这么说的： 如果我们要想使民众获得最大限度的福利， 其方法就是使个人自由达到最大化。", "en": ["And the official dogma runs like this: if we are interested in maximizing the welfare of our citizens, the way to do that is to maximize individual freedom."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "原因就是自由这东西在与本身就是美好的， 具有价值，为人们所必需。", "en": ["The reason for this is both that freedom is in and of itself good, valuable, worthwhile, essential to being human."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "另外，一旦人们有了自由， 我们每个人都可以自己做主 用各种办法最大限度地获得福利， 用不着别人来替我们做主。", "en": ["And because if people have freedom, then each of us can act on our own to do the things that will maximize our welfare, and no one has to decide on our behalf."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "使自由达到极大化的途径就是 最大限度的增加选择性。", "en": ["The way to maximize freedom is to maximize choice."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "人们的选择越多，自由也就越多， 自由越多， 得到的福利也就越多。", "en": ["The more choice people have, the more freedom they have, and the more freedom they have, the more welfare they have."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我觉得，这个观念就像掺进了我们的 自来水里那样根深蒂固 以至于没人想起来会对它提出疑问。", "en": ["This, I think, is so deeply embedded in the water supply that it wouldn't occur to anyone to question it. |
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translationzh同样这个观念也深嵌于我们的日常生活之中。enAnd it's also deeply embedded in our lives."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我来给你们举些例子看看当代社会的 进步发展让我们变得有可能做些什么事。", "en": ["I'll give you some examples of what modern progress has made possible for us. |
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translationzh这是我家附近的一个超市。不算很大。enThis is my supermarket. Not such a big one. |
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translationzh我只想说说这里的色拉调料。enI want to say just a word about salad dressing. |
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translationzh我这家超市有175种各式色拉调料， 还没算上10种不同牌子的特级初榨橄榄油 和12种 Balsamic 葡萄醋任你选购， 如果碰巧那175种色拉酱都不和你的口味， 你就可以用它们调出另一大批 你自己的色拉酱。en175 salad dressings in my supermarket, if you don't count the 10 extra-virgin olive oils and 12 balsamic vinegars you could buy to make a very large number of your own salad dressings, in the off-chance that none of the 175 the store has on offer suit you."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "你看，这就是超级市场的样子。", "en": ["So this is what the supermarket is like."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "然后你转身出来到一家家用电器店去配置 一套立体音响系统 - 音箱啦，CD机啦，磁带机，收音机，放大器。 就这么一家家用电器店里 立体音响系统就多得数不清。", "en": ["And then you go to the consumer electronics store to set up a stereo system -- speakers, CD player, tape player, tuner, amplifier -- and in this one single consumer electronics store, there are that many stereo systems."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "各种组合的立体音响系统来。", "en": ["We can construct six-and-a-half-million different stereo systems out of the components that are on offer in one store."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "你没法不承认这可是不小的一堆选择吧。", "en": ["You've got to admit that's a lot of choice."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "换个行业，说说通讯。", "en": ["In other domains -- the world of communications."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我还是孩子那会儿， 你要想接通电话服务， 那就得去玛贝尔公司，只此一家。", "en": ["There was a time, when I was a boy, when you could get any kind of telephone service you wanted, as long as it came from Ma Bell."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "你不用买，只需去租一架电话机回来。", "en": ["You rented your phone. You didn't buy it. |
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translationzh通常情况是，那电话用到死都不会坏。enOne consequence of that, by the way, is that the phone never broke. |
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translationzh那种日子早已一去不返了。enAnd those days are gone. |
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translationzh如今我们几乎有无穷无尽的电话品种， 尤其是手机。(显示漫画）enWe now have an almost unlimited variety of phones, especially in the world of cell phones. |
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translationzh这些都是未来的手机。enThese are cell phones of the future. |
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translationzh其中我最津津乐道的是中间那款 - 带着MP3播放机，鼻毛剪和法式焦糖布丁的喷火枪。enMy favorite is the middle one -- the MP3 player, nose hair trimmer, and crème brûlée torch. |
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translationzh如果你还没在你家旁边的商店里见过的话， 不必担心，用不了多久你就会看到的。enAnd if by some chance you haven't seen that in your store yet, you can rest assured that one day soon, you will."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这事的结果是， 人们跑到商店里问: 你们有没有一款不带这么多功能的?", "en": ["And what this does is it leads people to walk into their stores asking this question."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "你想,回答会是什么？", "en": ["And do you know what the answer to this question now is?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "回答是“没有”。", "en": ["The answer is \"no.\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如今你已经不可能买到一款不干 那么多事的手机。", "en": ["It is not possible to buy a cell phone that doesn't do too much. |
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translationzh同样，在生活里的其它一些比购物更 对我们产生影响事情上， 这种选择的爆炸同样存在。enSo, in other aspects of life that are much more significant than buying things, the same explosion of choice is true. |
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translationzh医疗保健 - 在美国，现在早已不是那种 你去看医生，医生直截了当告诉 你该如何做的时代了。enHealth care. It is no longer the case in the United States that you go to the doctor, and the doctor tells you what to do. |
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translationzh相反，你到了医生那里， 医生会对你说：我们可以用治疗方案甲， 也可以用方案乙enInstead, you go to the doctor, and the doctor tells you, \]}} |
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{: {: , : []}} |
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{: {: , : [ |
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translationzh然后你说：“大夫，我该如何做？”enAnd you say, \ |
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translationzh医生又说一遍，甲有这些疗效和风险， 乙有那些疗效和风险。enAnd the doc says, \]}} |
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{: {: , : [ |
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translationzh你再问医生：“大夫，你要是我，你选那种？”enAnd you say, \ |
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translationzh医生说：“但是我不是你。”enAnd the doc says, \ |
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translationzh其结果就是我们所说的“病人自治。” 听起来好像挺不错的。 其实是把做决定的担子和责任 从一个知道该怎么做的人 我指的是医生， 转嫁到一个对治疗方案一无所知， 而且正在为病痛所困扰， 根本不在能做决定的状态的人身上， 那人就是病人。enAnd the result is -- we call it \ which makes it sound like a good thing, but it really is a shifting of the burden and the responsibility for decision-making from somebody who knows something -- namely, the doctor -- to somebody who knows nothing and is almost certainly sick and thus not in the best shape to be making decisions -- namely, the patient. |
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translationzh现在那些处方药品的广告铺天盖地， 都是针对着 你我这些普通人的。 你如果仔细想想，一点也说不通。 既然我们不能直接去柜台买，enThere's enormous marketing of prescription drugs to people like you and me, which, if you think about it, makes no sense at all, since we can't buy them. |
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translationzh他们为什么还要向我们做市场宣传？enWhy do they market to us if we can't buy them?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "回答是，他们希望我们看了广告后 第二天早上会去给自己的医生打电话， 让医生把处方上的药换成他们的。", "en": ["The answer is that they expect us to call our doctors the next morning and ask for our prescriptions to be changed."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如今像我们的性别身份这类的事 都成了选择的话题了。 就像这张幻灯片试图说明的那样。", "en": ["Something as dramatic as our identity has now become a matter of choice, as this slide is meant to indicate."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "现在我们的性别不是从父母那里继承下来， 而是由自己来发明。", "en": ["We don't inherit an identity; we get to invent it. |
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translationzh这样我们就可以随心所欲地的 重新塑造自己的性别身份。enAnd we get to re-invent ourselves as often as we like. |
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translationzh这也意味每天早上你醒来 你先得对今天你想做个什么样的人 男的还是女的做出决定。enAnd that means that every day, when you wake up in the morning, you have to decide what kind of person you want to be. |
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translationzh在婚姻家庭方面， 在过去每个人到了年龄就结婚 这几乎是理所当然的事， 然后就是尽快生儿育女。enWith respect to marriage and family, there was a time when the default assumption that almost everyone had is that you got married as soon as you could, and then you started having kids as soon as you could. |
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translationzh唯一你需要选择的就是和谁结婚， 而不是什么时候结，也不是结婚以后做什么。enThe only real choice was who, not when, and not what you did after. |
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translationzh而如今呢，所有的事都可以拿来挑挑拣拣。enNowadays, everything is very much up for grabs. |
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translationzh我教的是一群优秀又聪明的学生， 可是现在我给他们布置的作业 比从前少了五分之一。enI teach wonderfully intelligent students, and I assign 20 percent less work than I used to. |
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translationzh这不是因为他们（比以前的学生）笨， 也不是因为他们不那么勤奋。enAnd it's not because they're less smart, and it's not because they're less diligent. |
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translationzh原因是他们现在脑子都装满了各种事情， 总是在问自己： 我到底该结婚还是不该结婚？ 是该现在结？enIt's because they are preoccupied, asking themselves, \"Should I get married or not? Should I get married now?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "还是以后再说？我是该先要孩子， 还是先顾事业？", "en": ["Should I get married later? Should I have kids first, or a career first?\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这些都是费脑筋的问题。", "en": ["All of these are consuming questions."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这些问题他们都必须回答， 不论他们是做还是不做我布置的功课， 也不论他们在我的课上拿个什么成绩。", "en": ["And they're going to answer these questions, whether or not it means not doing all the work I assign and not getting a good grade in my courses. |
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translationzh他们的确应该去想这些问题， 因为这都是些重要问题。enAnd indeed they should. These are important questions to answer. |
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translationzh如今做工作，像卡尔先前说的， 我们真的是有福气， 技术的进步使得我们可以 在一天的任何时间， 在地球的任一角落工作 当然这个篮道夫旅店除外。enWork -- we are blessed, as Carl was pointing out, with the technology that enables us to work every minute of every day from any place on the planet -- except the Randolph Hotel. |
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translationzh但是，这个饭店里的确有一个地方 可以无线上网，可我不会告诉你们在哪，enThere is one corner, by the way, that I'm not going to tell anybody about, where the WiFi actually works."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "不告诉你的理由是我也想用。", "en": ["I'm not telling you about it because I want to use it. |
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translationzh话说回来，我们工作中的这些 难以置信的选择自由 给我们带来的就是我们必须 在选择中做出决定， 一次，一次，又一次地， 为自己现在该工作还是该休息左右摇摆。enSo what this means, this incredible freedom of choice we have with respect to work, is that we have to make a decision, again and again and again, about whether we should or shouldn't be working."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我们去看孩子踢足球的时候 一个裤兜里装着手机， 另一个裤兜里装着黑莓， 膝上还架着笔记本电脑。", "en": ["We can go to watch our kid play soccer, and we have our cell phone on one hip, and our Blackberry on our other hip, and our laptop, presumably, on our laps."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "即使它们都关着， 我们还是在看着孩子在场上争抢的同时 不断地问自己， 接还是不接这个电话？", "en": ["And even if they're all shut off, every minute that we're watching our kid mutilate a soccer game, we are also asking ourselves, \"Should I answer this cell phone call?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "回还是不回这个Email？ 我该不该写这封信稿？", "en": ["Should I respond to this email? Should I draft this letter?\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "即使你给自己的回答是不， 你对孩子的这场球赛的体验还是 还是大打折扣。", "en": ["And even if the answer to the question is \"no,\" it's certainly going to make the experience of your kid's soccer game very different than it would've been. |
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translationzh环顾四周， 不论大事还是小事， 物质的还是生活方式方面， 生活就是选择。enSo everywhere we look, big things and small things, material things and lifestyle things, life is a matter of choice. |
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translationzh我们过去生活的世界是这样的。enAnd the world we used to live in looked like this. |
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translationzh就是说，选择还是有的， 但不是事事都需要选择。enThat is to say, there were some choices, but not everything was a matter of choice. |
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translationzh而今天我们生活的世界则是这样的。enAnd the world we now live in looks like this. |
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translationzh问题是，这到底是好事还是坏事？enAnd the question is, is this good news, or bad news? |
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translationzh答案是肯定的。enAnd the answer is, \ |
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translationzh我们都知道它的好处。 那么就让我来说说它的不好之处吧。enWe all know what's good about it, so I'm going to talk about what's bad about it."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "所有这些选择对人们有两个影响， 而且是两个负面的影响。", "en": ["All of this choice has two effects, two negative effects on people."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "其一，说起来有些自相矛盾， 就是，（选择）给我们带来的不是解放， 而是束缚，是麻痹。", "en": ["One effect, paradoxically, is that it produces paralysis, rather than liberation."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "面对这么许多的选择 人们发现要做出决定非常困难。", "en": ["With so many options to choose from, people find it very difficult to choose at all."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "让我给你举个非常生动的例子来说明这点， 这是一个关于对等退休金 计划投资方面做的调查。", "en": ["I'll give you one very dramatic example of this: a study that was done of investments in voluntary retirement plans. |
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translationzh我的一个同事有幸接触到 Vanguard的投资记录。 Vanguard是一家巨大的互助基金公司， 拥有约百万员工和2,000多个办公地点。enA colleague of mine got access to investment records from Vanguard, the gigantic mutual-fund company of about a million employees and about 2,000 different workplaces. |
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translationzh她的调查发现是 当这些客户 提供的互助基金种类每增加10个 参加的人数就减少2个百分点。enAnd what she found is that for every 10 mutual funds the employer offered, rate of participation went down two percent. |
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translationzh你提供50种基金，雇员参加的 人数比你提供5种基金时 下降百分之十。为什么呢？enYou offer 50 funds -- 10 percent fewer employees participate than if you only offer five. Why? |
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translationzh因为面对50种基金来选择 想要决定选那种那简直是难上加难 所以你干脆放到明天再说。enBecause with 50 funds to choose from, it's so damn hard to decide which fund to choose, that you'll just put it off until tomorrow. |
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translationzh明日复明日， 明日何其多， 当然，明天永远也不会到来。enAnd then tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow, and of course tomorrow never comes. |
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translationzh我们知道这其实意味着 当人们退休时，可能只有用狗粮充饥， 因为他们没有划出足够的钱给将来， 同时，由于做决定是一件如此之难的事， 以至于连雇主给他们的那笔相当 可观的对等补助金都白白放弃了。enUnderstand that not only does this mean that people are going to have to eat dog food when they retire because they don't have enough money put away, it also means that making the decision is so hard that they pass up significant matching money from the employer."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "不参加这种对等计划，他们每年让多达 5千元的雇主对等补贴从手边溜掉。 雇主本来是很乐于提供这种补贴的。", "en": ["By not participating, they are passing up as much as 5,000 dollars a year from the employer, who would happily match their contribution."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "所以，选择可能性过多的结果是麻痹僵化。", "en": ["So paralysis is a consequence of having too many choices."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "它使得我们的世界变成这样样子", "en": ["And I think it makes the world look like this."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "当你进入极乐世界时， 你一定希望你做出的决定是正确的，是吗？", "en": ["You really want to get the decision right if it's for all eternity, right? |
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translationzh在那里你一定不想再选错互助基金， 或者是沙拉调料。enYou don't want to pick the wrong mutual fund, or the wrong salad dressing."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "刚才那是第一个影响。 再来说说第二个。 即使我们通过努力克服了僵化和 麻痹而终于做出了一个正确的决定， 我们对自己的做出的决定 反而不如可选性少时做出的决定更加满意。", "en": ["So that's one effect. The second effect is that even if we manage to overcome the paralysis and make a choice, we end up less satisfied with the result of the choice than we would be if we had fewer options to choose from. |
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translationzh这里有几个原因。enAnd there are several reasons for this. |
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translationzh其中之一是，面对如此多的沙拉调料品种， 如果你买了一种，觉得不尽如人意， 你很容易去想象如果你挑另外一种就好了。enOne of them is that with a lot of different salad dressings to choose from, if you buy one, and it's not perfect -- and what salad dressing is? -- it's easy to imagine you could have made a different choice that would have been better. |
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translationzh结果怎么样？ 这种想象中的另外选择引得你对 你已经做出的决定感到后悔， 这种后悔心情让你对你原先做出的 选择的满意度打了折扣， 即便那其实是个很不错的选择。enAnd what happens is this imagined alternative induces you to regret the decision you made, and this regret subtracts from the satisfaction you get out of the decision you made, even if it was a good decision. |
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translationzh选择越多，就越容易莫名其妙地 对一些事感到后悔。 这就是其一，总是不满意自己做出的 选择决定。enThe more options there are, the easier it is to regret anything at all that is disappointing about the option that you chose. |
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translationzh其二，是经济学家称之为“机会成本”的东西。enSecond, what economists call \ |
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translationzh今天早些时候丹。吉尔伯特讲了个大道理 就是，我们看一个东西的价值 取决于那些我们用来作比较的那些其他的东西。enDan Gilbert made a big point this morning of talking about how much the way in which we value things depends on what we compare them to. |
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translationzh嗯，当人们有很多选择可以考虑时， 就很容易去想象那些你放弃了的选择的 吸引人的方面。 这就使得你总是对你选中了的那个觉得美中不足。enWell, when there are lots of alternatives to consider, it is easy to imagine the attractive features of alternatives that you reject that make you less satisfied with the alternative that you've chosen."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "举个例子吧 不过你如果不是纽约人的话，我先道个歉", "en": ["Here's an example. [I can't stop thinking about those other available parking spaces on W 85th street] Sorry if you're not New Yorkers. |
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translationzh但这是你此时此刻应该想的事。enHere's what you're supposed to be thinking. |
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translationzh看看汉普顿的这两口子，enHere's this couple on the Hamptons."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "昂贵的富人区，", "en": ["Very expensive real estate."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "华丽的海滩，阳光明媚，他们拥有这一切。", "en": ["Gorgeous beach. Beautiful day. They have it all to themselves."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "还能比这更好么？这位此时却在想“哼，真倒霉，” “现在是八月啊，” “曼哈顿的邻居们都不在家，”", "en": ["What could be better? \"Well, damn it,\" this guy is thinking, \"It's August. Everybody in my Manhattan neighborhood is away. |
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translationzh“我要是回去就能把车停到我自己的门前了。”enI could be parking right in front of my building.\]}} |
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{: {: , : []}} |
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{: {: , : []}} |
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{: {: , : [I want a pair of jeans. Here's my size.\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "店员说： 你要紧身型的，舒适型的，还是宽松型的？", "en": ["And the shopkeeper said, \"Do you want slim fit, easy fit, relaxed fit?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "前面要扣子的还是拉锁的？石磨的还是酸洗的？", "en": ["You want button fly or zipper fly? You want stonewashed or acid-washed?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "要那种快磨破的么？", "en": ["Do you want them distressed?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "直口的，还是缩口的？他喋喋不休地问着。", "en": ["You want boot cut, tapered, blah blah.\" On and on he went."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我的下巴差点掉下来。等我缓过神来，我问， “我要的是那种曾经是唯一一种的样式。”", "en": ["My jaw dropped. And after I recovered, I said, \"I want the kind that used to be the only kind.\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "他一头雾水， 结果我花了一个钟头试穿了 所有这些该死的牛仔裤， 最后，说实话，我带着一条 我从未有过的最合身的裤子走出店门。", "en": ["He had no idea what that was, so I spent an hour trying on all these damn jeans, and I walked out of the store -- truth! -- with the best-fitting jeans I had ever had."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我做得的确不错。这些选择 使得我有机会做的更好。", "en": ["I did better. All this choice made it possible for me to do better."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "但是心里感觉却更糟。", "en": ["But -- I felt worse."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "为什么？为这我还专门写了一本书 来为我自己找借口。", "en": ["Why? I wrote a whole book to try to explain this to myself."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "让我感觉更糟糕的理由就是， 由于有了这么多的可选性， 我对于一条牛仔裤到底该有多好 才算好的期望值大大升高。", "en": ["The reason I felt worse is that, with all of these options available, my expectations about how good a pair of jeans should be went up."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我以前期望值很低。 当牛仔裤就那么一种时，我没有过多指望。", "en": ["I had very low, no particular expectations when they only came in one flavor."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "当它们有一百种规格时，哼， 最好至少有一条是极致完美的。", "en": ["When they came in 100 flavors, damn it, one of them should've been perfect. |
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translationzh我那条的确不错，但是它还是不够完美。enAnd what I got was good, but it wasn't perfect."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "所以我拿我已有的去和我期望的进行比较， 和我期望的比起来， 我这条就变得令人失望了。", "en": ["And so I compared what I got to what I expected, and what I got was disappointing in comparison to what I expected."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "在人们的生活里加进选择， 除了提高人们对事情到底能有多好的 期望值以外 并没有给人们带来多少好处。", "en": ["Adding options to people's lives can't help but increase the expectations people have about how good those options will be."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "带来的只是使人们对结果不那么满意了， 即使那是好结果。", "en": ["And what that's going to produce is less satisfaction with results, even when they're good results."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "搞市场的人没有人懂得这个道理。", "en": ["Nobody in the world of marketing knows this."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "因为如果他们里面有人懂的话， 你也就不会有机会知道这是什么意思了", "en": ["Because if they did, you wouldn't all know what this was about. |
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translationzh事实很像这个（漫画文： 在所有东西都很糟糕的过去一切都比现在更好。） 原因在于 当一般的东西都不怎么好时 人们有可能体验到某些惊喜。enThe truth is more like this. [Everything was better back when everything was worse] The reason that everything was better back when everything was worse is that when everything was worse, it was actually possible for people to have experiences that were a pleasant surprise. |
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translationzh如今，在我们这些富裕的， 工业化的市民生活的世界里， 尽善尽美已是理所当然的， 对于每一件东西你最多也只能 希望它不比你预期的差。enNowadays, the world we live in -- we affluent, industrialized citizens, with perfection the expectation -- the best you can ever hope for is that stuff is as good as you expect it to be. |
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translationzh你再也不会被什么所惊喜， 因为你我的期望值比天还高。enYou will never be pleasantly surprised because your expectations, my expectations, have gone through the roof. |
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translationzh什么是幸福的秘密， 这是你们今天来这里想要知道的， 幸福的秘密就是：知足常乐， 不要期望过高。enThe secret to happiness -- this is what you all came for -- the secret to happiness is low expectations. |
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translationzh我想抽一点时间说说自己， 我娶了我现在的太太， 她是一个很好的妻子enI want to say -- just a little autobiographical moment -- that I actually am married to a wife, and she's really quite wonderful."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这件事上我没有凑合，我尽力了。", "en": ["I couldn't have done better. I didn't settle."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "但是能凑合并不一定是坏事。", "en": ["But settling isn't always such a bad thing. |
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translationzh最后，买一条不合身的牛仔裤的结果之一就是， 当商店里只有一种样式可以买到时， 你觉得不满意，想知道为什么， 这责任归谁？答案很明显。enFinally -- One consequence of buying a bad-fitting pair of jeans when there is only one kind to buy is that when you are dissatisfied, and you ask why, who's responsible, the answer is clear: the world is responsible."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这个世界该为此负责。 你有什么能做的么？", "en": ["What could you do?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "现如今店里有上百种牛仔裤供你选择， 你买了一条回来，觉得不满意， 这时候你问为什么，谁的责任？", "en": ["When there are hundreds of different styles of jeans available, and you buy one that is disappointing, and you ask why, who's responsible? |
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translationzh现在这个问题的答案显然就是：你。enIt is equally clear that the answer to the question is \ |
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translationzh你完全可以做得更好。enYou could have done better. |
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translationzh那里摆着上百种牛仔裤， 你没有借口把事情搞砸。enWith a hundred different kinds of jeans on display, there is no excuse for failure. |
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translationzh结果是，当人们做出决定时 即使那个决定达到的结果很好 他们还是感到失望， 要责备自己。enAnd so when people make decisions, and even though the results of the decisions are good, they feel disappointed about them; they blame themselves. |
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translationzh在我们过去的这一代人里， 工业化世界中临床压抑症爆炸性增长。enClinical depression has exploded in the industrial world in the last generation. |
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translationzh我相信造成这种爆炸性增长的 压抑和自杀的一个重要的， 不是唯一的，但是是重要的因素 就是人们所有的那些的令人失望的经历。 原因就是他们的标准太高。 当他们必须去解释这些经历到底是怎么回事时， 他们认为这是他们自己的过错。enI believe a significant -- not the only, but a significant -- contributor to this explosion of depression, and also suicide, is that people have experiences that are disappointing because their standards are so high, and then when they have to explain these experiences to themselves, they think they're at fault."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "最后的净效果就是，尽管客观上 我们做得比以往好了， 但是感觉上却不如从前。", "en": ["And so the net result is that we do better in general, objectively, and we feel worse."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我再提醒大家，", "en": ["So let me remind you."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "这个（选择带来幸福）的公认的信条， 我们都觉得是对的， 其实是错的。完全不对。", "en": ["This is the official dogma, the one that we all take to be true, and it's all false. It is not true. |
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translationzh毫无疑问有选择比没选择要好， 但是不能就此推论选择越多越好。enThere's no question that some choice is better than none, but it doesn't follow from that that more choice is better than some choice. |
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translationzh这里有一个关键值，我不知道是多少。enThere's some magical amount. I don't know what it is. |
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translationzh但是我可以肯定我们早就远远超出了 ‘选择令我们富有’ 所需要的这个关键值了。enI'm pretty confident that we have long since passed the point where options improve our welfare."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "我快说完了。现在说说一个政策问题， 我们该想想的一个政策问题是， 给我们这个工业化社会带来这么多选择的， 是物质的极大丰富。", "en": ["Now, as a policy matter -- I'm almost done -- as a policy matter, the thing to think about is this: what enables all of this choice in industrial societies is material affluence. |
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translationzh我们这个世界上还有很多地方， 至少我们听说过其中几个， 在那里问题不是选择太多，enThere are lots of places in the world, and we have heard about several of them, where their problem is not that they have too much choice. |
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translationzh而是几乎没有。enTheir problem is that they have too little. |
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translationzh所以我在这里谈的这个话题是现代富裕的西方社会的enSo the stuff I'm talking about is the peculiar problem of modern, affluent, Western societies."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "一个特殊问题。 史蒂夫。里维特昨天就说过， 令人气愤的问题是，我们生产的那些 昂贵而又难以操作的婴儿汽车座椅 于事无补，只是在浪费钱。", "en": ["And what is so frustrating and infuriating is this: Steve Levitt talked to you yesterday about how these expensive and difficult-to-install child seats don't help. |
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translationzh而我今天要说的就是这些昂贵的，复杂的选择 不仅仅是于事无补，enWhat I'm telling you is that these expensive, complicated choices -- it's not simply that they don't help."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "它们其实在给我们带来伤害。", "en": ["They actually hurt."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "它们其实让我们变得不如从前。", "en": ["They actually make us worse off."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如果我们把给这个社会创造出 这些选择的人力物力拿出一部分来 投入到那些现在人们还没有足够选择的社会中去， 那么不仅那里人们的生活可以得到改善， 我们自己的生活质量也同样得到提高。 这就是经济学家称之为的帕累托改善的做法。", "en": ["If some of what enables people in our societies to make all of the choices we make were shifted to societies in which people have too few options, not only would those people's lives be improved, but ours would be improved also, which is what economists call a \ |
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translationzh产品的再分配会使得所有人， 不仅仅是穷人，的生活好起来， 因为我们摆脱了那些像瘟疫般困扰 我们的多余的选择 结束之前，你们该看看这幅漫画， 并站在一个智者的立场说， “哼，这条鱼懂什么？enIncome redistribution will make everyone better off -- not just poor people -- because of how all this excess choice plagues us. So to conclude. [You can be anything you want to be -- no limits] You're supposed to read this cartoon, and, being a sophisticated person, say, \"Ah! What does this fish know?"]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "告诉你，在这个鱼缸里一切都是不可能的。”", "en": ["You know, nothing is possible in this fishbowl.\""]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "毫无想象力，目光短浅- 我第一次看到这幅画时是这么解读的。", "en": ["Impoverished imagination, a myopic view of the world -- and that's the way I read it at first. |
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translationzh可是，我越想越明显地感到 这鱼肯定知道些什么。enThe more I thought about it, however, the more I came to the view that this fish knows something. |
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translationzh因为说实话 如果你想让一切都变得有可能而把鱼缸打破， 你得到的不是自由，而是瘫痪（鱼会死）。enBecause the truth of the matter is that if you shatter the fishbowl so that everything is possible, you don't have freedom. You have paralysis."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "如果你想让一切都变得有可能而把鱼缸打破， 你反而降低了满意度。", "en": ["If you shatter this fishbowl so that everything is possible, you decrease satisfaction."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "你增加了的是瘫痪，减少了的是满足。", "en": ["You increase paralysis, and you decrease satisfaction."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "每个人都需要这么个“鱼缸”。", "en": ["Everybody needs a fishbowl."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "至于这个（鱼缸）嘛，对这条鱼 可能是小了点，对于我们几乎肯定是太小了。", "en": ["This one is almost certainly too limited -- perhaps even for the fish, certainly for us."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "但是，没有这么个象征性的鱼缸那就 意味着苦难将至， 也许是，灾难。", "en": ["But the absence of some metaphorical fishbowl is a recipe for misery, and, I suspect, disaster."]}} |
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{"translation": {"zh": "非常感谢。", "en": ["Thank you very much."]}} |
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