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TRADITIONS OF HISTORY WRITING IN INDIA
IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment July 2023 & January 2024
Q. 1. Explain embedded histories. Discuss how dana-stuti hymns, narasamsis and akhyans embody historical consciousness?
Ans. Early texts’ historical consciousness could be divided into two categories:
- The form was embedded. It had to be pry open because it was embedded in the texts’ overall structure. Origin stories, dana-stuti songs, and family trees of tribes with ancient ancestry are a few examples.
- Ritual writings were the main places they appeared. Their inclusion in ritual texts served the dual purposes of sanctifying them and preserving continuity.
Dana-Stuti Hymns: Dana-stuti hymns are found throughout the Rig Veda. Most of these hymns are in the Rig Veda’s seventh mandala. Kanvas brahmanas are their kin.
In later literature, the Kanvas were linked to Angirasas, who alongwith the Bhrgus kept past narratives.
We find regal eulogies on rulers’ excessive munificence in the Rig Veda. Next come gathas, narasamsis, and akhyanas.
The eulogising of gift-giving, according to Romila Thapar, is a record of what was supposed to have happened. The priest recounted the chief’s accomplishments and gifts.
The heroic deeds were wins against competing clans and chiefs or aryas and dasas battles. The priests’ chants praising the king’s kindness legitimised him.
The goal was to remember the raja’s actions so they could be used to secure the priests an equal or larger part of donations.
How did this material get into ceremonial texts? Thapar feels embedding prolonged the act. Their job was to get the past to approve the present.
The rajas were related to the older ones, legitimising them. Dakshina (sacrificial fees) came to symbolise the raja’s and priest’s favour.
Priests were given livestock, horses, camels, chariots, waggons, clothing, treasure chests, gold, dasis, etc. Later, older rajas were invoked for their magnificence.
For example, the rajasuya sacrifice began with a list of prior consecrated rajas, some of whom were yajamana in sacrifices. In later Brahmana literature, the older rajas were still invoked, though the language and practises had changed.
Gatha and Narasamsi: The gatha and narasamsi, which first appeared in the Rig Veda, have since developed into a floating mass of literature that attests to the presence of literary subgenres with a historical bent.
Both the gathas and the narasamsis were thought to have been written by ordinary humans and were not regarded as revelations of knowledge.
They were regarded as distinct from hymns. The references to royal eulogies, gathas, and narasamsis in the Rig Veda itself, in Pathak’s words, “clearly show the existence of an oral tradition of historical compositions which occasionally affected the fixed and written religious tradition.” IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Akhyanas: Rajas and heroes were honoured during the akhyanas. These tales or narratives were spoken aloud during sacrifice ceremonies.
They most likely existed at the time of the Rig Vedic culture. Despite being comparable to narasamsis, they had a different connotation.
They concentrated on questions of supremacy and sovereignty as part of the ritual. They were a hallmark of the rajasuya and ashvamedha sacrifice ceremonies.
The dana had already changed into dakshina at this point. Devasuram, which described the conflict between the Gods and demons, is one example of an akhyana.
The literature of the Brahmanas mentions it. Another instance was the priest reading the akhyana during the pariplava cycle of the ashvamedha sacrifice, which involved reading the stories for an entire year in cycles of ten days each.
The eulogies of the raja accounted for the majority of it. The horse sacrifices carried out by previous rajas are mentioned, and the “cycle consequently constituted a mechanism for remembering a history.
” Its intimate ties to the itihasa and purana are made clear by the fact that the eighth day of pariplava, the ten-day cycle of akhyanas, is set aside for itihasa and the ninth for purana. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
There developed a distinct class of literary men who were experts in akhyana literature.
Q. 2. How do bakhars help in understanding the past? Explain with examples.
Ans. Bakhars are prose historical narratives produced in the 16th century but mostly from the 17th to 19th centuries (Deshpande 2007: 20).
About 200 biographies, genealogy, and battle memoirs were written. Bakhars are greater literary than historical value.
Marathi prose with Regarding its etymological origin, there are numerous hypotheses. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
According to some, the word “bakhar” is a metathesis of the Arabic word “khabar,” which means “information,” and its origin may have been in the Perso-Arabic intelligence bulletins known as “akhbars” from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
According to S. N. Joshi, the word bakhar comes at the end of most texts, suggesting that it may have been derived from the Persian word khair or bakhair, which is used as a closing salutation in letters to convey that “everything is fine.”
A different group of academics, however, contends that the translation of bakhar should be akhyayika (story), as opposed to khabar as vaarta or news.
Its origins are ancient Puranic akhyayikas, which were regarded as literature or imaginative tales based on real-life people and events.
The point that is highlighted is that a writing can simultaneously recount historical events while also having literary worth (Deshpande 2007: 21).
Sumit Guha’s research on the social roots of bakhars from the 17th century on reveals that factual tales detailing local events and information originated through bureaucratic authority in a dual setting.
First, the Maratha administration collected information on tax rates and administrative arrangements after conquering frontier zones in the 1650s. This prompted hereditary officials to write detailed histories and memos.
Second, historical narratives helped settle legal conflicts over patrimonies in mediaeval Maharashtra (Guha 2004a: 1084-2004). Antiquity became sacrosanct in announcing the kingdom’s rights.
The narratives drew on family lists, ancestor actions, ancestral contributions, etc. Families wrote them to negotiate land and office grants with the Maratha administration. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
The tales placed land gifts and deeds in the context of well-known events to rebut opponents’ claims.
An early case from 1610 indicated that the term bakhar is used in the proceedings to mean simply a statement of fact (in this case, the location of the boundary) (Guha 2019: 84).
The local assembly that met in 1610 to resolve the boundary dispute between two villages of Pune district exemplifies this.
Islamic scholars and officials, Brahman bureaucrats, merchants, local gentry of various faiths, and substantial peasants were all present to resolve an issue. Most proceedings were held, in the open or in public places.
People of many classes would thus periodically gather to hear, debate, and renew local knowledge and common sense. Some of them stood forth as witnesses, plaintiffs, or respondents.IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
In a largely non-literate society, such meetings were important in shaping and transmitting local and regional history.
The historiographic practise of writing bakhar involved drawing on different texts like older bakhars, administrative documents, public testimonies, Puranic knowledge, popular commemorative tradition of powadas which suggests that it was an exercise in producing inter-texuality (Deshpande 2007: 66).
Bakhars acknowledged the existence of multiple perspectives on the past.
Even though some narratives focussed on the idea of centralised and idealised political authority, they were organised along multiple locations of power.
In contrast, the interpretation of Maratha history in the colonial period aimed to produce a truthful and unitary narrative of the past since history and literature were deemed as different disciplines and the boundaries between historical and fictional narrative remained unclear (Deshpande 2007: 204-6).
Q. 3. What kind of historical consciousness is revealed through Sangam poems?
Ans. Tamil society is not an exception to Indian society’s reputation for its historical legacy. For many decades, the Tamil people have kept legends about their culture and history alive. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Giving ancient events a shady past based solely on literary evidence is still a common practise.
The historical and archaeological research conducted is used to demonstrate the extensive antiquity of Tamil civilization.
The diverse topics in the Sangam literature provide compelling proof of historical communal memory.
Poems that directly or indirectly reflect historical tradition for a modern audience have a place in the collective memory of the past.
The memory is selective, and tales of modern society do not necessarily reflect the entirety of the past. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Only those events are assigned prominence that society will remember or those it wants future generations to remember.
Both types of classical poetry have historical precedents as well as modern accounts of historical facts.
Tolkappiyam, the extant ancient Tamil grammar book, makes 240 references to earlier works without mentioning the works’ titles, demonstrates the existence of a precedent and established rules prior to the codification of grammar rules.
Although the Sangam works are regarded as the expressions of the bards who had praised the worldly exploits of the kings or the love situations (Puram and Akam), they have also, whether consciously or unconsciously, recorded historical events that have occurred in the past or episodes from their own times.
The poems reveal historical occurrences as-well-as modern cultural narratives. The accounts of the present day take precedence over those of the past. This Unit discusses these two aspects of historical consciousness.
(a) A description of the historical past, including discussion of the monarchs legendary ancestry and references to historical occurrences like invasions and Vedic sacrifices.IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
(b) Historical accounts that detail developments and occasions as observed by minstrels, poets, and bard.
In the case of Puram songs, these storylines are typically intertwined in the poetry directly, while in the case of Akam songs, indirectly.
Q. 4. Discuss Firishta’s concept of history?
Ans. Firishta cites the story of Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud and his astrologer Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (d. 1050), brought down by Mulla Ishaq Sirhindi, to develop principles for excellent ruler-courtier behaviour.
Al-‘indecent’ Biruni’s behaviour towards the sultan, whom he frankly informs that the sultan’s planned acts were purposefully deceiving, is the story’s punchline.
As the sultan is used to flattery and praise instead of criticism, he imprisons the astrologer and explains his conduct by saying, ‘The perfect sage should also grasp dispositions: Emperors are like children, and thus one must talk appropriately to their character.’IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
The stories of Sultan Mahmud and al-Biruni and Sultan Firuz’s open court serve a deeper purpose.
In contrast to the Ghaznavid paradigm of an irascible ruler unaccustomed to criticism, the Bahmani Sultan is a knowledgeable and responsible king who values truth over sugarcoating.
The historian Firishta seeks to advise the ruler and his courtiers at the court of Ibrahim Adil Shah II on courtly behaviour: Rulers should be fair in their dealings with dignitaries, and courtiers should refrain from criticising their Sultan if he is not as fair as Shah Firuz in the story.
Historians often used Persian poetry, plain speech, and aphorisms to clarify moral issues.
In history books like Firishta’s History, instructions about moral behaviour were frequently conveyed as stories about righteous rulers (or individuals in general) and wicked and unrighteous kings. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Firishta does not merely regurgitate what his sources say, but gathers knowledge about events and kings according to his own narrative, blending it with non-Indian epic works such as Firdawsi’s Shahnama written in Iran around 1000 and the Hindu epic Mahabharata.
Q. 5. Write a note on nature of nationalists writings. Do you agree that nationalists’ writings emerged to counter colonial historiography?
Ans. Nationalist historical literature depict Indians’ endeavours to portray India’s tradition and culture accurately. Since the late 19th century, nationalists have used historical source analysis to debunk the colonial narrative.
Indians appreciated British historical studies and ideas, but also questioned the Eurocentric perspective and created a rival narrative of India’s past based on ancient Indian scriptures and other historical sources. Pride in national glory helps rebuild national self-esteem.IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Nationalist writings showed imperialist bias in history texts and helped develop public opinion against colonial rulers’ dividing strategy.
Nationalist historiography fueled the independence struggle by analysing imperialism’s economic effects. Swami Vivekananda lectured to young men in Alwar about creating history.
Swami Vivekananda’s words suggest the need to recreate India by highlighting its magnificent tradition via rigorous research, inspiring pride among Indians, and developing a true national spirit.
This demonstrates that Indian intellectuals wanted to relook at India’s past through its great classical books to comprehend the genuine spirit of Indian civilisation. Nationalist historians wanted to correct historical distortions.
Nationalist history had to challenge imperialist historiography and reverse the dividing trend in writing history from the early 20th century.
Rabindra Nath Tagore’s note embodied the project’s spirit. ‘To know my country in truth, one must travel to that age when she realised her soul and transcended her physical boundaries, when she revealed her being in a radiant magnanimity that illumined the Easter horizon, making her recognised as their own by those in alien shore who were awakened into a great surprise of life…’ (Forward to JGS, 1934).
We’ll introduce some nationalist historians in later sections. Nationalist historians wrote colonial Indian history with a nationalist perspective. Their approach and attitude helped establish national identity.
Their work is best understood in the context of colonial rule. Through writings referencing India’s old civilization, they inspired Indian intelligentsia to understand the country’s intrinsic unity.IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Q. 6. Language of inscriptions as markers of change.
Ans. A historian can identify a historical trajectory by studying the language of inscriptions. Language change is not an isolated phenomena, according to Thapar (2013: 320-21), but rather is linked to other historical occurrences.
Since there was no universal usage of a single language, understanding who speaks which language and for what purposes is fundamental to comprehending societies from the past.
It’s amazing to see how early Indian inscriptions reflect this. Prakrit, a widely utilised and diverse vernacular language of Old Indo-Aryan, is used exclusively up to the early Christian era, while Sanskrit was also used for other things, including in Vedic ceremonies. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Prakrit continued to be widely spoken, but later, about the turn of the first millennium AD10, Sanskrit began to be utilised in inscriptions, coinciding with it becoming the court language.
The conversational tone of the edicts wouldn’t have been acceptable in Sanskrit because the audience would have been primarily Prakrit-speaking, according to Thapar (2013: 324), who makes reference to Ashokan inscriptions.
The king’s mention that his officers were to read the edicts wherever people gathered and desired to hear what he had to say makes this clear.
Although state officials, Buddhist monks, traders, and some other people are known to be literate in Prakrit, there were other places where literacy was insufficient for people to read the edicts.IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Dialect variations between regions indicate that the language is frequently used. Most likely, the edicts were written in Magadhi Prakrit, which was widely used in Pataliputra, the capital, and local scribes and engravers added local dialect usage.
Prakrit was used in some Ashokan edicts written in Aramaic, indicating that Prakrit speakers lived in that region.
Greek translations of the Major Rock Edicts from Prakrit confirm the existence of a Greek-speaking community, which is further supported by a bilingual Ashokan Aramaic-Greek inscription.
Q. 7. Paumacariyam.
Ans. The Paumacariyam was written in Prakrit in the first century CE. The Jaina text asserts that the other two versions of the Ramayana lack historicity, and Romila Thapar interprets this claim as acknowledging a historical tradition.
Since “they reflect the social beliefs of a particular sector of society at a period in time,” she claims that each rendition is making a historical statement (Thapar 2013: 212).
Bimbisara, the ruler of Rajagrha, is mentioned in the scripture. As a close contemporary of Mahavira, Bimbisara alludes to the historical veracity of the characters. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
By portraying the rakshasas as not being demons and claiming historical accuracy for its version of the tale, the Paumacariyam tries to recast the narrative.
All characters are devoted Jainas, and the Vindhyan range is the main setting. The first section of the text includes the rakshasa and vanara vidyadharas’ respective genealogies.
The four listed descent groups are essential, but the vidyadharas are the most significant. They are known as vidyadharas because they are the keepers of knowledge.
One of the vidyadharas by the name of Meghavahana escapes to Lanka as a result of certain events. He creates the Rakshasavamsa there.
Another vidyadhara prince is banished to Vanaradvipa, where he founds the kingdom of Kiskindha. Rakshasavamsa and the vanaravamsa are connected.
Q. 8. Abul Fazl’s idea of history.
Ans. Abul Fazl followed Akbar’s historical approach. Akbar wanted his achievements and name immortalised. In Timurid tradition, he asked prior political figures to write memoirs. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Gulbadan Begum (Humayunnama), Bayazid Bayat (Tazkira-i Humayun wa Akbar), Jauhar Aftabchi (Tazkirat-ul Waqiat), and Abbas Khan Sarwani (Tarikh-i Sher Shahi; Tuhfat-i Akbarshahi) wrote memoirs.
Tarikh-i Alfi, Akbar’s millennium project, included instructions. Akbar asked a team of scholars to compile the history, using Rihlat (Ilahi) years and simple language to illustrate the Sultans’ rise to power.
Abul Fazl’s history-writing instructions seem to have been changed. Realizing the difficulty of producing a text by multiple academics, he gave Abul Fazl the job. Abul Fazl had a secretariat to compile and gather statistics.
Akbar, who disliked the Hijri era, didn’t urge Abul Fazl use it. The restriction’s simplicity wasn’t emphasised either. Abul Fazl brags about avoiding ‘ornate verbosity’ His assertion about language simplicity is dubious.
In his zeal to portray Akbar as a great man and ideal ruler, Abul Fazl ignores reason, moderation, and restraint. Abul Fazl wrote history using Mongol, Timurid, and Indian traditions. Abul Fazl chose to elaborate Mongol phrases.
This contradicted Akbar’s request for simplicity in Tarikh-i Alfi. The original idea is often lost. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Abul Fazl found Persian historiography, which emphasised court and camp, insufficient, therefore he turned to Arabic historiography, which emphasised people.
He strove to unite and continue Indian tradition while connecting it to Iran, Transoxiana, and Turkey.
He broadened the scope of history by analysing politico-socio-economic and cultural processes.
According to him, history is the chronological recounting of events, and a historian does this well.
He saw history as “global events in chronological order” (Rizvi 1975: 225). His writing is a landmark in mediaeval Indian history (Mukhia 2017: 88).
Q 9. Labour Histories.
Ans. New tendencies are emerging in labour history. At the turn of the 20th century, academicians, trade unionists, and nationalists resisted the capitalist and colonial ties creating Indian society. IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
Many of them were involved in working-class, nationalist, and union activities. At this period in India’s history, neither capitalist relations nor the working class were well- defined.
This group wanted to comprehend this inchoate stage of social relations. Early labour texts were a mix of worker reports, participant-observer comments, and historical chronicles.
Dewan Chaman Lall’s Coolie: The Story of Labor and Capital in India was like this. Union leaders also penned accounts.
Official colonial assessments contested the trade union leaders’ biassed portrayal of labour conditions and history.
Vera Anstey’s articles in this genre focus on limited labour mobility in India, the difficulty of securing appropriate labour supply or inadequate labour productivity, and the living and working conditions of workers.
With the 1930s downturn came more reports and publications about working-class conditions. S.G. Panadikar and Radhakamal Mukherjee wrote on the working class. In this time, labour history writings lacked historical context.
Further, labour studies were dominated by European categories of thought and largely ignored South Asian economies and precapitalist interactions.
This was notably true in Marxist works like those of Rajni Palme Dutt, a Marxist professor and prominent CPGB functionary.
Later books on labour also borrowed and used Marxist concepts wholesale. This led to neglect of non-union workers’ situations.
Q. 10. Ranajit Guha.
Ans. Ranajit Guha began Subaltern Studies. From the start, he criticised other Indian history trends.IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
In the prologue to the first book of Subaltern Studies, he said, “The historiography of Indian nationalism has long been dominated by elitism-colonialist elitism and bourgeois-nationalist elitism.”
He said colonial and nationalist historiographies were similar. Most importantly, they neglected mass politics.
Even leftist historians denied people’s agency. All three trends seized people’s politics for themselves.
Thus, colonial, nationalist, and Marxist discourses were regarded an appropriation that excluded the rebel as the conscious subject of his own history (cited in Upadhyay 2016: 549).
Guha argues in Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency (1983) that all historical discourses on peasant insurgency were power discourses.
It represented the past as linear and secular rather than cyclical and legendary, and its raison d’être was state interests.
The same rationale applies to the state discourse. By making state security the core issue of peasant uprising, it fused it to colonialism.
The peasant was denied historical acknowledgement even for his own goal (Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency, p. 3).
According to Guha, these aristocratic discourses were so focused on secular and statist notions that they were “reluctant to deal with the religious element in rebel consciousness.” IGNOU BHIE 144 Solved Free Assignment
According to history, insurgent consciousness was expressed in religious terms, and ‘insurgency…is a religious consciousness’ (Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency, pp. 38, 34).
These aristocratic historical narratives rejected the peasant rebels’ true ideology to impose their own.


Besides, Parel station is an important interchange point between the Central and Western Railway, the other two being Dadar and Mahim on Mumbai suburban.
Key facilities at Parel Terminus:
- Terminating line along with double discharge platform
- One new platform 1 (Down slow) & 2 (Terminus line)
- Widening of existing platform 2A (Terminus line) & 3 (UP slow)
- Flooring and Cover over platform at both platforms
- 12-meter-wide new East-West FOB
- Staircase and lifts on both the island platforms from 12-meter-wide new FOB
- Escalator at new island platforms 1 & 2
- Staircase landing on new platform 1 & 2 from existing FOBs at Kalyan end.
- Two stabling lines between Parel and Dadar for EMU local trains
Services from Parel
Sixteen pairs of local trains will originate and terminate at the Parel terminus post its inauguration on March 4, instead of Dadar. The details are as under:
Image Courtesy: Link


Some people will just hear their friends talk about the experience of luxury hotels. If you have never been to any of these hotels, then the question that could be running through your mind is that you wonder about the experience that people get. However, you can still find some crucial detailed info about the feeling of being in these places. For instance, if you are reading this article, you will know about some things you did not know about these hotels. However, you are not assured of having all the benefits in all the hotels because they all are managed by different people. The information noted below is enough to let you know about some issues you did know about these places.
Design of these hotels is one thing that you will be pleased to notice. The hotel owners will use a lot of their savings to create these designs because they know they will gain a lot. In fact, when you just enter at the reception of any of these hotels, you will be impressed to see some good and interesting designs which will catch your attention. That is why you should never miss being here so that you feel the most special person in the whole world. Most people envy those individuals who come from the luxury hotels and wish to have the same lifestyle.
If you want to enjoy eating meals from hotels, you need to be in these good scented hotels. That is the main reason why you will always find good scented luxury hotels available. That is the main reason why these hotels will always maintain some sweet smells all the time. The air fresheners that are used in these hotels are from the best brands and designers. Many regular hotels are not able to afford the air fresheners, and that is why they will not have good smell throughout. lIt can be a very difficult task to be in any hotel when there are some unpleasant smells. The little things some hotel managements assume are very crucial in attracting customers.
When it comes to security, this is the best place to be. In fact, there is enough security to guard the assets of the hotels, clients and also the workers. For that reason, the hotel management in these hotels will ensure that it has hired some experienced guards that are trained in guarding such places. That is why you will always find these professionals at the entrance to ensure that no one enter through the gate without appointment. Because of the digital cameras installed in these hotels, that is why the security is the most effective and perfect all the time.


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Complaints about pay day loan middlemen – alleged credit broking web sites – do have more than doubled within the last 12 months, based on brand new numbers.
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He additionally agreed to issue refunds to anybody who is unhappy.
The Smart Loans site causes it to be clear so it “compares various types of customer finance choices”, although visitors to its front side page aren’t warned about charges.
The FOS stated that many of the internet sites refunded the money when they learnt that the Ombudsman ended up being included.
Pay day loan complaints
The ombudsman also said that it was investigating 794 consumer complaints about payday lending in the 2013-14 financial year, up 46% compared with the previous 12 months in a separate report. A complete of 660 complaints had been remedied, with very nearly two thirds upheld.
But, the FOS stated that the sheer number of complaints would not mirror the scale that is real of issue for customers, as numerous telephone phone telephone telephone calls to its helpline would not end in formal complaints.
Juliana Francis, senior ombudsman, stated: “we have been maybe maybe not seeing the volumes of pay day loan complaints we might expect, provided the implied size of the situation.”
Wonga, the payday lender that is biggest, received the absolute most complaints with 237 in 2013-14, accompanied by Casheuronet, which has brands including fast Quid and weight to Pocket, with 50.
Classés dans :sameday payday loans online
Cet article a été écrit par ExeServ


Why a simple, life-saving rabies shot can cost $10,000 in America
Sarah Kliff, Vox, February 7
The latest story in Sarah Kliff’s series on emergency room billing, looks at why the price of a life-saving treatment is so expensive in the U.S. In England, the drug to treat rabies exposure costs $1,600. Here, hospitals charge $10,000.
Health care by the numbers: Gathering data on racial disparities
Harriet Jones, WNPR, February 7
Health care advocates say Connecticut needs to do a better job examining just how a person’s race can affect their health and their recovery from disease. “When we can’t track disparities among our racial and ethnic groups, we can’t evaluate the success of efforts to reach specific populations,” said Karen Siegel from Connecticut Voices for Children.
These doctors are trying to get more people of color to join their ranks. What some have overcome is startling
Megha Satyanarayana, STAT, February 7
While African-Americans make up 12 percent of the U.S. population, only about 6 percent of doctors are black. And evidence shows that patients feel better about the quality of their health care when their doctors look like them. To address this workforce issue, a group of young doctors, dentists, and other health care professionals started a traveling program called Tour for Diversity that goes all over the U.S. to meet with young people of color who are interested in health career paths.
Children’s mental health
Threat of deportation: a trigger for toxic stress in children left behind
Sujata Srinivasan, Connecticut Health Investigative Team, February 3
Selvin – whose family asked that his last name be withheld – is among thousands of immigrant children in Connecticut and nationally feeling the effects of prolonged stress, which can become so toxic it can damage the developing brain. Toxic stress can set a child up for depression, as well as alcoholism, heart disease and diabetes in adulthood, Harvard University research shows.
Malloy moves for a Connecticut-based individual mandate
Christine Stuart, CT News Junkie, February 8
“Together, let’s pass a bill that preserves the most vital elements of the Affordable Care Act – including the individual mandate,” Malloy said. “Let’s make it clear that in Connecticut, health care is a fundamental right.” If it passed Connecticut would become the second state to have such a mandate. The first was Massachusetts, which passed an individual mandate for health insurance before the Affordable Care Act.


I had an otoplasty due to lack of antihelical fold 15 days ago. My left ear needed just a little bit more correction than the right. This resulted in a thicker, more prominent antihelical fold on the left side. Also it seems this side had more trauma, as in more pain and bruising, than the right. When looking at the ears, the left has a thicker, and longer (reaches all the way to the helical fold) antihelical fold, which results in asymmetry. Will this get better over time or should I revise?
Its too soon to answer, remember asymmetry its almost impossible to get especially when you had really different ears before the surgery, i recommend you to wait at least until the 4th month post op, when you will have a real idea of your results.
Regardless of whether you were operated on with a traditional method or with the stitch method, the antihelix can still be swollen 15 days after an otoplasty so that nothing can be said yet about the final volume of it. I recommend that you wait at least 3 months and then post new photos, if you still have any questions.
These answers are for educational purposes and should not be relied upon as
a substitute for medical advice you may receive from your physician. If you
have a medical emergency, please call 911. These answers do not constitute
or initiate a patient/doctor relationship.


- What does e Qazaf mean?
- What is QAZF and what is its punishment?
- What is a Muhsan?
- What is ARSH PPC?
- What is qisas in Islam?
- What is Hadd in Islam?
- What is the difference between qisas and diyat?
- What is Hudud and Qisas?
- What is the punishment for had Qazaf?
- What is Diyat law?
- What is hudud law?
- What is Tazir punishment?
- What is Tazir in PPC?
What does e Qazaf mean?
False Accusation50 Lashes.
What is QAZF and what is its punishment?
Whoever commits qazf liable to tazir shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years and with whipping not exceeding forty stripes and shall also be liable to fine.
What is a Muhsan?
(i) A Muslim adult man who is not insane and has had sexual intercourse with a Muslim adult who at the time, he had sexual intercourse with her, was married to him and was not insane; or.
What is ARSH PPC?
1. Arsh. Arsh is compensation specified in the newly added Chapter XVI, P.P.C. for offences relating to various kinds of hurt. It is to be assessed at certain percentage of the value of Diyat. It is to be paid in lump sum or in instalments in default the convict is liable to simple imprisonment.
What is qisas in Islam?
Qisas or Qiṣāṣ (Arabic: قِصَاص, romanized: Qiṣāṣ, lit. ‘accountability, following up after, pursuing or prosecuting’) is an Islamic term interpreted to mean “retaliation in kind”, “eye for an eye”, or retributive justice.
What is Hadd in Islam?
In Muslim criminal law Hadd means an unalterable punishment prescribed by Divine law which is considered the right of God. The crimes for which Hadd punishments apply are considered as crimes against religion because the person who commits such crimes violates the rules of God and transgresses the bounds made by Him.
What is the difference between qisas and diyat?
Punishment of Qisas is physical in nature whereas Diyat is in form of blood money. … (iv) As to Right: Qisas is the right of victim or the wali of the victim. On the other hand Diyat is the right of the wali of the victim and may be demanded by them only.
What is Hudud and Qisas?
Hudud and Qisas laws deal with offences and punishments that are interpreted by Muslim juristic scholars to be derived from the Qur’an and the Sunnah (of the prophet). Hudud literally means limit. … Qisas (law of retaliation) refers to offences that involve bodily injury or loss of life.
What is the punishment for had Qazaf?
Whoever commits zina liable to tazir shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years and with whipping numbering thirty stripes, and shall also be liable to fine. What is had e Qazaf? Had -e- Qazaf (False Accusation) is: 50 Lashes.
What is Diyat law?
Diya (Arabic: دية; plural diyāt, Arabic: ديات) in Islamic law, is the financial compensation paid to the victim or heirs of a victim in the cases of murder, bodily harm or property damage. It is an alternative punishment to qisas (equal retaliation).
What is hudud law?
Hudud (Arabic: حدود Ḥudūd, also transliterated hadud, hudood; plural of hadd, حد) is an Arabic word meaning “borders, boundaries, limits”. In the religion of Islam it refers to punishments that under Islamic law (shariah) are mandated and fixed by God.
What is Tazir punishment?
Tazir punishment is for actions which are considered sinful in Islam, undermine the Muslim community, or a threaten public order during Islamic rule, but those that are not punishable as hadd or qisas crimes.
What is Tazir in PPC?
“Tazir means any punishment other than Hadd.” (ii) In other words. “Tazir is the punishment which is prescribed and awarded by the Court other than Qisas, Diyat, Arsh and Daman.” (III) OBJECTS OF TAZIR. Objects of Tazir are the correction of the offender and the prevention of the recurrence of the crime.


With my knowledge from the dating trenches, I’ve shared what not to order, drink and wear during your first meeting with Mr. Right Now. And even my thoughts on getting a discount with a Groupon has been discussed. But, when it comes to the end of the first meal together, who should treat?
Check out this fun video that captures that awkward moment when the check arrives to the table, produced by a talented coworker from my days as a soap opera producer.
So, what’s your take? Should you split the bill? Should the chivalrous man always pay? Or should the person who planned the date pay for the meal? xo


Software & App Reviews
The Ultimate Guide to Software in 2020
Local Marketing With Geo Landing Pages By Toolsy
With many businesses wanting to attract local customers and boost their conversion rates, having sound local marketing and SEO is more important than ever. Location-based results have a strong influence in determining which pages are ranked on the Google search engine. Geographically targeted landing pages include several technical elements that make them rank better than other pages, and in many cases help you outrank domains with higher authority (Backlinks).
HonorSociety.org Membership Review 2020
College is a pivotal time in a student’s life to learn, network, grow and seek new opportunities. One avenue many students look to give them a step-up is what’s called an honor society. So, what is an honor society? An honor society is a group or organization that evaluates, ranks and recognizes excellence among students. Many honor societies create groups around similar interests such as leadership abilities, academic excellence and overall character.
ConvertKit Review 2020
ConvertKit Review 2020 The age of the internet today is dominated by creative individuals, teams, and groups of people making content for multiple types of audiences across the globe. From news and entertainment to sports and travel, all genres of content are now taking digital forms and reaching a wider audience much faster. Whether you […]
HubSpot vs. ClickFunnels Comparison 2020 - Which One is Better?
Therefore, to gain credibility, your business needs to have an efficient digital presence that is ensured by the use of digital marketing tools. With the increasing trend in e-commerce businesses, digital marketing is on a stroll. It is vital to understand that even physical stores that have been in business for decades are now in need of diversifying their operations and switching to e-commerce. You will be surprised to see such a wide, endless variety of marketing automation tools in the market that you can choose from. Some of the very well-known tools are HubSpot and ClickFunnels.
Yootheme and Yootheme 2.0 Review 2020
Yootheme and Yootheme 2.0 Review 2020 Website developers and page builders have gained a lot of attention recently as the need for e-commerce sites and blogs increases. The marketing strategy for so many businesses in various industries has drastically changed. It has become almost impossible and difficult for companies and brands to stay in touch […]
Formstack Documents Review March 2020
Formstack Documents helps companies that need assistance with a variety of general needs such as document generation and workflow management. It also allows customers to fill out online forms such as bill payments, registrations and surveys. You should consider Formstack Documents if you want to quickly and easily produce proposals in PDF format and email them directly to your clients.
Monday.com Review 2020 - Should You Try It?
This is going to come down to a personal choice. If you need a solution that offers great visuals and is easy to use for most people, monday.com is a great tool. The pricing is higher than some other options, so if that's a consideration you should research fully and make sure that your team is committed to use and fully leverage it. You also need to be aware that some features are only available at the higher levels.
Shopify Review March 2020
Finding an e-commerce software product for our company has led us down a path that involved trials of numerous packages. Now though, we’ve evaluated Shopify and we’ve finally found a way to add a rich array of shopping features to our website. We hope some of what we’ve discovered about Shopify will be useful to you.
© 2020 Toolsy Corporation Inc.


I’m waving the white flag in my endeavor to extensively preview each team in Major League Baseball. I simply don’t have enough time to do them all this way. While I enjoy doing them, I kinda feel like I’m taking part in the Bret Hart/Shawn Michaels Ironman match everyday (but how nice would it be to get up & ride that zip cord HBK flew in on to my laptop every morning?). However, this is actually going to be for the better.
A few things are here are just honest & don’t really require me devoting an entire article to them. Like the Pittsburgh Pirates, Cleveland Indians, Washington Nationals & Kansas City Royals are not going to be good. Flat out. From these selections of teams, there are basically nothing but what I refer to as “Courtesy All-Stars”, the guys that make the All-Star game, but know they don’t belong and I imagine they get there own section in the ASG locker room far away from the Pujols, Mauer & Jeter-level sections. I’m sure the food in there section is slightly worse just to drive the point home as well. (None of this applies to Ryan Zimmerman, he’s a boss & I’m hoping he joins the ranks of my Fantasy Team this year.)
At any rate, I’m moving to a ranking type of approach to each division to showcase what’s good & bad on each team. Such as best lineup, rotation, aces, rookies, players, etc. All of the small stuff that makes for the big picture later. Plus, doing it this way gives me the opportunity still delve into my 2011 distaste for college basketball, the NBA’s “March” to yet another un-needed regular season month & the “Hunger for Mo'”, which is what I’m calling the NFL Labor fight (and a shoutout to DeMaurice Smith & his Al Capone hats, that’s the type of brother that says “We’re gonna play football in the fall or I’m laying the smackdown on Roger daily on the NFL Network).
Quite honestly, it also keeps me from dedicating an hour of my life and roughly 500 words towards describing how the Chicago Cubs could be good this year. I can’t live in a world where I know I dedicated a morning of my life to such treachery. (Plus it’s like explaining why people swear Obama is a muslim, I mean the reasons for that type of opinion are clear, but it’s not going to change the fact they’ll continue failing to use common sense. Yes they can.)
So, enjoy the new & improved MLB Previews, as they’ll be kicking off here tomorrow. Good times are ahead, and I’ll now have much more time to dedicate towards opening a proper Cardinals Hall of Fame here on my site & even the Top 100 players in the game for 2011. All sorts of stuff that I like to figure out & gives you a reason take a hiatus from doing what you’re supposed to be doing.
Win/win. (Which may be two more wins in a row than the Pirates pull together anywhere else).


From basics to more advanced topics, the Beer School has all the info to expand your knowledge and enjoyment of your beers, ales and lagers.
A day in the life of a brewer
Just what do they get up to all day? We sent Glynn Davis to find out.
A fishy tale
Daniel Cooper finds out about the use of isinglass finings in brewing.
A necessary evil?
Daniel Cooper looks at the controversial subject of pasteuration in beer
All the gear, no idea
Ron Allison looks at the basic equipment needed for full mash brewing at home.
Blood sugar blues
Daniel Cooper looks at the problems faced by diabetic beer lovers.
Bottles Vs Cans
The packaging of beer has become a rather controversial subject in recent years. Daniel Cooper looks at the differences between bottles and cans, and whether this makes any difference to the flavour o...
Everything you need to know about cask conditioning
In the latest in our series Nigel Huddleston looks at the role of the cask in production
Everything you need to know about cereals
In the latest in our series Nigel Huddleston considers grains other than barley that can be used in beer
Everything you need to know about... fruit
In the latest in our series Nigel Huddleston looks at the role fruit can play in the production of quality beers from around the world
Everything you need to know about... hops
In the first of a series on the brewing of beer Nigel Huddleston looks at the role of the hop
Everything you need to know about... malt
In the latest in his series on the ingredients of beer Nigel Huddleston looks at the role of malted barley
Everything you need to know about... water
In the latest in our series Michael Jackson investigates the role of water and how important a quality sourse is to the overall taste of beer
Everything you need to know about... yeast
In the latest in our series Nigel Huddleston looks at the role yeast plays
Everything you need to know about...cans
This issue, Nigel Huddleston looks at the history of the humble can
Going against the grain
If you're a coeliac or have a gluten intolerance, then you have to avoid cereals like wheat and barley. But what happens if you're a beer lover? Daniel Cooper reports.
How low can you go?
Daniel Cooper tackles the subject of low and no alcohol beer, and how they are made.
How to set up your own micro brewery
We've all thought about it...Nigel Huddleston shows us the way
Malt extract or full mash?
Ron Allison provides the second part in our guide to brewing beer at home.
One lump or two?
It has been suggested that there was room in BOTW for a little more technical stuff. So pay attention, here comes the science bit: Daniel Cooper reports on the use of sugar in brewing.
That special something (Yeast)
Yeast is a vital and complex part of beer production. Roger Protz looks at the history of this ingredient and how brewers keep it happy
The culture club
Alice Whitehead explores the importance of yeast by taking a walk around the National Collection of Yeast Cultures.
The nitro-keg revolution
Daniel Cooper discusses the use of nitrogen gas in beer – abhorred by some, loved by others.
The oils have it
We all know hops give beer its unique flavour, but how exactly? Daniel Cooper explains.
The science of good head
Daniel Cooper studies the science behind a good head of beer foam.
Brought to you by Beers of the World and the Craft Brewing Association ww.craftbrewing.org.uk Ever fancied making your own beer but don't really know how? Over the coming issues, experienced home brew...


Betting tips are an essential section of your investment profile. You’ll be able to generate better profits from your business if you’re able to understand the market, to identify trends and to make decisions based on solid information. There are several types of tips available that may help you decide when to bet and just how much to bet.
Betting strategies are all about predicting the future trends in the market. A strategy is used to forecast the trends and this can be done by analyzing past market data. An example is knowing when to buy or sell a stock. The very best strategy is not often one that is the almost all precise, but it is a good starting point.
Even big businesses have different approaches for betting strategies. You’ll be able to learn about some of the trends available and utilize them to bet predicated on what the tendencies are telling you.
Private investors are not allowed to make use of public information to create their bets. Nevertheless, they can use indicators to judge a company’s functionality. It is important to take into account that most indicators are usually seasonal and based on trends that may change in the foreseeable future.
Many of the general public or retail traders are limited to the information obtainable through news reports and stock costs. The majority of them are not up to date on how to develop strategies which will work with them.
There are usually many types of betting ideas. Some of them derive from specific techniques, but others derive from a broader schedule such as a market trend or perhaps a model that informs several traders which stocks will probably increase or reduction in value.
Stocks can be purchased in lots so when the price is determined to be high enough they could be marketed at a income. This isn’t genuine for bonds though always. Ifthe government bonds can be purchased at a price above the market price, the authorities can pay the investor for that bond then.
You should have a smart bet on a stock that is rising in value as you are taking advantage of the existing trend. An evergrowing stock has the potential to improve in value. You may end up paying out a little more for your share in the foreseeable future, but there is absolutely no reason to market right now.
For retail traders, the risk to the original expenditure is the greatest consideration generally. A higher risk means a higher potential reward. If the chance is lowered just a little and the common price remains regular then the danger to the initial investment is normally lower.
Betting tips for newbies are not very good place to start. Many people who find out about betting tips for beginners are usually novices, so their needs will be quite different. A beginner would want to look for a reputable stockbroker who can help her or him along with his or her investment needs.
An experienced broker can help the beginner decide how to benefit from the stock cost. Beginners will normally buy stocks of a company that is level and get out once the price increases to the stage where the business has turned into a hot share.
Purchasing a hot stock and offering after it increases in value is one of the most profitable areas of trading. A veteran stockbroker will understand which companies are likely to increase in value and will let you know when to get and sell to obtain the most cash for your money.
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Why was Ukraine disqualified from Eurovision?
Alina Pash, winner of the Ukrainian national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, withdrew her candidacy after allegations that she entered Crimea in contravention of Ukrainian laws.
Who did Ukraine give points to Eurovision?
Poland, Moldova, Latvia, Romania and Lithuania — all countries that are concerned about possible Russian military incursions on their territory — each gave Ukraine 12 points. (Votes from small juries of music professionals in each country make up 50% of a country’s score.
Did Ukraine win Eurovision?
Ukraine has won the 66th Eurovision song contest, which was held on Saturday evening in Turin in Italy. Riding a tidal wave of support from the telephone-voting European public, Stefania by Kalush Orchestra finished first after strong showings by the United Kingdom, Spain and Sweden in the early voting.
Who sang for Ukraine in Eurovision?
Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022
|Eurovision Song Contest 2022
|Ihor Didenchuk Ivan Klimenko Oleh Psiuk Tymofii Muzychuk Vitalii Duzhyk
Why is Russia allowed in Eurovision?
Organisers said on Thursday that they are currently planning to welcome artists from both Russia and Ukraine in the 2022 event. They described the annual competition in May as a “non-political cultural event which unites nations and celebrates diversity through music.”
Is Russia allowed in Eurovision 2022?
Russia was set to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin, Italy. However, due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) excluded Russia from participating.
Who gave Ukraine 12 points?
Although Ukraine was only fifth in the standings after the judges voted, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova and Romania gave us 12 points from the jury.
What place did Ukraine get in Eurovision 2021?
Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021
|Eurovision Song Contest 2021
|Qualified (2nd, 267 points)
|5th, 364 points
|Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest
|◄2020 • 2021 • 2022►
What Song did Ukraine sing in Eurovision 2022?
Kalush Orchestra have won the 2022 Eurovision Song Contest for Ukraine with their song ‘Stefania’!
Can Russia watch Eurovision?
Russia will no longer be allowed to participate in this year’s Eurovision Song Contest, the European Broadcasting Union has said. The EBU, which produces the event, said Russia’s inclusion could bring the competition into disrepute “in light of the unprecedented crisis in Ukraine”.
Is Russia kicked out of Eurovision?
It has participated in the competition since 1994. The European Broadcasting Union will ban Russia from entering this year’s Eurovision Song Contest, following the country’s military invasion of Ukraine.
Did Russia ever win Eurovision?
Whilst Russia has only won the Eurovision Song Contest once, it won the Semi-Finals in which it was competing in 2012, 2015 and 2016.


You have given me back my self esteem and self confidence. My zest for life is in a whole new place. Your gift is a blessing. There is not another person on the planet who could have given me what you did.
I am eternally grateful


Kavita Burra’s mother purchases round-trip business class tickets from India to the U.S. but a misses a connecting flight from the U.S. to India. This causes her to be rebooked in an economy seat. Can we help Burra receive reimbursement for the difference in fare?
Question: My mother, a physically ailing, wheelchair-bound passenger, had purchased a business class round-trip ticket on Etihad Airways from India to the U.S. for which she paid approximately $4,000. However, on her return journey to India from the U.S., [because of] a flight delay and missed connection, she was rebooked and carelessly downgraded by the code-share carrier, American Airlines, on two consecutive segments — from Tampa to Chicago and from Chicago to Abu Dhabi.
American initially accused me of falsely claiming that my mother had an economy ticket. When I provided proof that the ticket was for business class, they sent me back to Etihad, saying that since the ticket was issued by Etihad, they would need to review the case. Finally, American said that it cannot refund unless Etihad ratifies both refund requests.
Etihad responded that American rebooked my mother on a higher fare class than her original business class ticket, however, my mother was assigned economy seats in both segments.
Can you help obtain a refund for my mother for the difference in fares between her original business class ticket and the downgraded economy ticket? Kavita Burra, Cupertino, Calif.
Answer: I’m very sorry that your mother was not booked in a comparable business class seat when she missed her connection to India. We reviewed the correspondence between you and both airlines and concluded that neither airline would take responsibility.
The correspondence you provided showed that although both acknowledged that this was an inconvenience, neither was originally willing to provide reimbursement. American Airlines said that you would need to contact Etihad for the refund and offered you a small voucher as a goodwill gesture, which you did not accept.
You then contacted our advocates for help. Although these cases are difficult to advocate because of the way airlines determine fares for discounted business or first class fares. Our advocate contacted both American Airlines and Etihad Airways, and learned that although your mother purchased a business class ticket, often flights or and cabins are overbooked. When delays of this sort occur, seats in the class purchased are not always available on the next flight and your mother was booked in the next available seat to India.
In addition, it appears that the travel agency that your mother used to book the reservation did not enter the reservation correctly in the American Airlines system. American notified the agency of a “fare class mismatch,” which means that it did not reserve the appropriate space for the fare class.
The electronic ticket that you provided was a Z (JB) class fare. A Z class fare is normally the same price as a full economy fare. This is why the airline said that the cost of the new seat in economy was more than the one originally purchased.
Airline math is a bit funny. Although your mother paid approximately $4,000 for her business class ticket, Etihad told you that because the actual seat provided was a higher-priced economy seat, you weren’t due any refund.
In the end, after contact with our advocate, the two airlines worked together to provide your mother a refund of approximately $900, and you were pleased with the results.


We love these popcorn brands that allow you to pop the popcorn right in the container you will be eating it out of. This one was pretty cool, just took up alot of storage space until we popped it. The movie butter flavor is great and we also like the kettle corn flavor. Not sure if they have discontinued making this brand, but I cant find it locally where I live. It was a great price and a great popcorn.


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Mathilde Monaque developed severe depression when she was just 14. The eldest in a family of six and an exceptionally bright and gifted little girl, the discovery shook her family to the core. This work is Mathilde's tender and illuminating account of her struggle to surface from a disease that could have taken her life.
Bio de l'auteur
Sommaire / contenu


On airport operation and implementation of reconstruction and repairs of runways there appears a number of questions concerning the structure and state of constructional layers of runways, detects and heterogeneity in hard coating and lower coating.
Application of current geophysical technologies, notably newest instruments, respective methods, and software of our developers, and involvement of drilling data makes it possible to acquire reliable decisions to the assigned tasks.
•Engineering geological surveys for airports and runways
•Determining thickness of structural layers of runways and taxi channels
•Detection of nonsolid and watered zones
•Study of reinforcement features of concrete pavement slabs
•Study of engineering geological conditions of the zones liable to deformation:
•determining occurence level of subsoil waters and upgrade water existence
•mapping of bedrock foundation roof
•locating zones of specific subsoil spread (peat, silt, salt subsoil etc.)
•permafrost top tracing
•detection of heavy icy rocks
•examination of taliks, supercooled water brines with permafrost
•examination of permafrost dynamics (seasonal freezing zones)
Mapping of underground utility lines
Study of dangerous engineering geological processes:
Study of engineering geological environment of zones adjacent to airports
Checking runway pavement compliance with project documentation
OKO-3 GPR with a control unit
The OKO-3 GPR is a portable lightweight low-prices system designed for non-destructive environmental monitoring. The OKO-3 GPR includes the control unit and antennas. All antennas are interchangeable and meet the needs of a broad range of applications. The control unit is...
LAKKOLIT X-M4 DIGITAL MULTICHANNEL SEISMIC STATION
LAKKOLIT X-M4 is a digital multichannel engineering seismograph, designed for engineering geological and micro-zonation surveys by refracted wave, seismic refraction and vertical seismic profiling methods. Features •Data rate up to 100 Mb/s •Built-in electronic switchboard •Data recoding and preliminary processing...
ERA-MAX ELECTRICAL EXPLORATION SYSTEM
ERA-MAX equipment is designed for electrical prospecting on any surface Features •Low-frequency electromagnetic method for measuring resistivity •Operating frequencies: DC, 1.22, 2.44, 4.88, 9.76, 19.52 and 625, 1250, 2500 Hz •Electrical field can be measured by pairs of active...
ERP-1 DIGITAL ELECTRICAL EXPLORATION SYSTEM
Portable digital electrical exploration system ERP-1 is designed for geophysical survey performed by the following methods •Electrical exploration by DC and AC resistivity method - vertical electric sounding (VES), electric profiling, signal generator, M3, as well as measuring of the...


With its snowy landscapes, festive events, and a plethora of outdoor activities, winter in Edmonton is truly a magical experience. However, being adequately prepared is essential if you want to fully enjoy everything this vibrant city has to offer during the colder months. This guide will help you pack everything you need for a comfortable and enjoyable visit to Edmonton, whether you're planning to explore the famous Ice Castles, participate in the Winter Light Festival, or simply stroll along the snowy paths of the River Valley.
1. Warm and Weatherproof Outerwear
Insulated Jacket: A high-quality down or synthetic insulated jacket is essential to keep you warm in Edmonton’s winter temperatures, which can drop below -20°C (-4°F).
Waterproof and Windproof Shell: Layering is crucial, and a waterproof and windproof shell will protect you from snow, rain, and biting winds.
Snow Pants: If you plan on partaking in outdoor activities like skiing or snowshoeing, a pair of insulated and waterproof snow pants is a must.
2. Layering Essentials
Thermal Base Layers: Opt for moisture-wicking materials like merino wool or synthetic fibers to keep sweat away from your skin and retain warmth.
Fleece or Down Mid-layer: A cozy fleece or a lightweight down sweater can provide additional insulation.
Multiple Socks and Gloves: Pack several pairs of warm socks and gloves so you always have a dry set on hand.
3. Footwear for Winter Conditions
Insulated, Waterproof Boots: Look for boots with good traction to navigate icy sidewalks and trails.
Gaiters: If you’re planning on walking through deep snow, gaiters can help keep the snow out of your boots.
4. Accessories for Extra Warmth
Warm Hat and Neck Gaiter: A lot of body heat is lost through the head, so a warm hat is a must. A neck gaiter can also provide extra warmth and protection from the wind.
Thermal Gloves or Mittens: Ensure they are insulated and waterproof. Mittens tend to be warmer than gloves, but gloves provide better dexterity.
5. Eyewear and Sun Protection
Sunglasses or Goggles: The reflection of the sun on snow can be quite intense, so protective eyewear is essential.
Sunscreen and Lip Balm with SPF: The winter sun can still cause burns, especially when reflected off the snow.
6. Tech and Gear
Camera: Edmonton’s winter scenery is picturesque, so you’ll want to capture the moments.
Portable Charger: Cold temperatures can drain batteries quickly, so having a portable charger can be a lifesaver.
7. Personal Essentials
Skincare Products: The dry, cold air can be harsh on your skin. Pack a good moisturizer, lip balm, and hydrating face masks.
Reusable Water Bottle: Staying hydrated is just as important in winter as it is in summer.
Visiting Edmonton in the winter provides a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to see the city in all its frosty glory. You'll be able to fully immerse yourself in the winter festivities and outdoor adventures that make Edmonton such a special destination during this season if you pack wisely and prepare for the cold. So wrap up warmly, pack your bags, and prepare to explore the winter wonderland that awaits!


1 February 2021
15 March 2021
Who may enter
The competition is open to all professional freelance photographers of all nationalities, without age restrictions.
The Lucas Dolega Photography Award is organised by the Lucas Dolega Association.
“ The LUCAS DOLEGA PRIZE is intended to support and accompany freelance professional photographers who work to provide free and independent information. Its essence is to reward a photographer who, through his personal commitment, his involvement in the field, his stances and the quality of his work, will have been able to demonstrate his attachment to freedom of information and democracy.
Each participant may submit up to three photo reportages completed between November 1st, 2019 and January 31st 2021.
Click HERE to see more photos.
The competition is free to enter.
The winner will receive 10.000 €, an exhibition in Paris, and a publication in the Reporters Without Borders photo album.
For further information visit the official competition website.


It was announced on June 15 that the Mersey Mill is shutting down on June 16. While there were annoucnements like this before in the past, this time there is no restart date. It was announced the mill would be indefinitely idled by parent company Resolute Forest Products.
Premier Darrell Dexter speaks to reporters inside MLA Vicki Conrad's office
June 15, 2012 - 14 h 26
Premier Darrell Dexter said they would be making an announcement on the transition plan shortly, however he did say an office would be set up in Liverpool to support...
June 15, 2012 - 8 h 18
Executives of Resolute Forest Products, owner of the Mersey Paper Mill in Brooklyn met with union and management representatives today, June 15. On...
June 15, 2012 - 12 h 50
This of course comes as a huge blow to the workers, their families and the community in Queens, and throughout southwest Nova Scotia. For generations the Bowater mill...
June 15, 2012 - 10 h 09
Statement from the company Today it was announced that it will indefinitely idle the Mersey newsprint mill located in Brooklyn, Nova Scotia. The facility, owned by...
Content type: Article


Rainbow Super Tote with Zipper Top
This new item is the exact same sturdy and durability with exact same dimensions of our ever famous super tote, but has a zipper closure at the top.
This makes it perfect for travel when your bag may tip over en route. Also great for the beach to keep more water and sand out of your goodies.
Our special rainbow bags are multi-color edging made from the scraps from other projects. It is a labor of love to create the variegated edging!


I woke up Tuesday morning especially early. For those of you who know me, it is of no surprise when you receive an email from me at 5:30 am! For the past few years, I have been waking up automatically at 5am, and quite frankly this is the only time in the day that I feel I can get uninterrupted work done. So just imagine, here I was—wide awake at 4:30 in the morning, in the pitch dark—thinking of my big day ahead. Yes. It was my book launch celebration that Tuesday.
I tiptoed out of my bedroom to my home office and saw a message flashing on my screen. Women’s Wear Daily had just printed a full-page article on my book, Pioneers of the Possible, the very day of my book launch on Tues. Feb. 21st! I hoped that this wonderful review is a good omen for things to come for my book—my labor of love for the past 2 years.
You never know how a book is received by the public; as a writer you do what is most fascinating to you and you only hope that you transfer that excitement to the reader. That Tuesday morning, I stepped into the SLS Hotel to find 350 eager readers and supporters greeting me.
I don’t know if I have the words to describe the special bond one creates with the reader; but most certainly it is an intimate one, because the book becomes a medium for both the writer and the reader to take a journey together.
People who have been following my blogs, who had read my previous book were there in full support. And may I add with such enthusiasm that there was a certain kind of electricity in the room.
I not only have created a bond with my readers, but I also have formed a special connection to the 20 pioneering women I have showcased in the book. While researching their lives, reading their memoirs and going over interview clips, I felt as if I was getting to know a new friend, or an admired mentor. Their lives, their presence in the world inspired me. I posted their pictures on a board in my office and wrote down the quotes that resonated in my life.
My wish is that Pioneers of the Possible, and the lives of these visionary women around the world opens that door for the readers to once again take that special journey of discovery with me. These are stories of hope, resilience, creativity, and the joy in celebrating the achievement of women.


When not in use, it is important to store your leaf blower in a safe and secure place. Here are a few tips on how to store a leaf blower:– If possible, store your leaf blower in a dry place.– Make sure to clean your leaf blower before storing it.– Store your leaf blower in a cool, dark place.– Make sure to disconnect the spark plug before storing your leaf blower.
Can you hang a leaf blower?
Leaf blowers are a popular gardening tool, but can they also be hung on a wall? This is a question that many people have, and the answer is yes, you can hang a leaf blower.There are a few things that you will need in order to hang a leaf blower. The first is a leaf blower hanger. This is a special hanger that is designed to hold a leaf blower. The second is a drill. You will need to drill a hole in the wall where you want to hang the leaf blower hanger. The hole should be big enough for the screws that come with the hanger to fit through.Once you have the hanger and the drill, it is a simple process to hang the leaf blower. First, drill the hole in the wall where you want to hang the hanger. Next, screw the hanger to the wall. Finally, hang the leaf blower on the hanger.One thing to note is that you should not hang a leaf blower near any heat sources, such as a furnace. leaf blowers can generate a lot of heat, and if they are hung near a heat source, it could damage the leaf blower or cause a fire.
Can I store leaf blower in shed?
Leaf blowers can be stored in sheds, but there are a few things to keep in mind. The first is to make sure that the shed is ventilated, as the blower will generate heat. The second is to make sure that the shed is secure, as the blower can be a target for thieves. Finally, make sure that the blower is stored in a dry place, as the moisture from the leaves can damage the equipment.
How do you hang a backpack blower in a garage?
When not in use, backpack blowers can be stored in a garage. Hanging the blower on a hook can keep it off the ground and out of the way.There are a few different ways to hang a backpack blower in a garage. One way is to use a specially designed backpack blower hanger. This hanger has a metal hook that attaches to the garage ceiling. The blower hangs from the hook, and the hose is stored on a peg on the hanger.Another way to hang a backpack blower is to use a pulley system. The blower is hung from a pulley that is attached to the garage ceiling. The hose is attached to the blower and runs down to the ground. This system allows the blower to be easily moved up and down to adjust the height.A final way to hang a backpack blower is to use a ladder. The blower is hung from a hook that is attached to the ladder. The hose is attached to the blower and runs down to the ground. This system is the least secure, as the blower could fall if the ladder is moved.
Is it OK to leave gas in leaf blower?
Leaving the gas in your leaf blower overnight is not a good idea. If you do, the gas will probably go bad, and you’ll have to replace it.
Can I store leaf blower in Shed?
Leaf blowers are a great way to quickly clear leaves and other debris from your yard, but what can you do if you don’t have a garage to store it in? Can you store a leaf blower in a shed?In general, it is not a good idea to store a leaf blower in a shed. The high powered motor can produce a lot of heat, and if it is not properly cooled down it can damage the shed. In addition, the vibrations from the leaf blower can damage the shed over time.If you absolutely have to store your leaf blower in a shed, there are a few things you can do to protect it. First, make sure the shed is well ventilated, and that there is plenty of space for the leaf blower to air out. Second, try to avoid storing the leaf blower in direct sunlight, which can cause the motor to overheat. Finally, make sure to unplug the leaf blower when it is not in use, and store it in a cool, dry place.
How long can you leave gas in a leaf blower?
Leaf blowers are a convenient way to clear debris from your yard, but you may be wondering how long the gas can be left in the blower without it going bad.The answer to this question depends on a few factors, such as the type of gas and the temperature. In general, though, you can leave gas in a leaf blower for up to a year without it going bad.If you’re not going to use your leaf blower for an extended period of time, it’s a good idea to empty the gas tank. This will help to prevent the gas from going bad and will also help to prevent any potential damage to the blower.
Can I leave my leaf blower outside?
Leaf blowers are a popular gardening tool, but many people are unsure if they can leave them outside when not in use. The answer to this question is complicated, as there are a few factors to consider.Leaf blowers can be left outside if they are properly covered. This will protect them from the elements and keep them in good condition. If a leaf blower is not covered, it can be damaged by rain or snow.Leaf blowers should also be stored in a dry place. If they are stored in a wet area, they can become damaged and will not work properly.Leaf blowers should not be left outside in extreme weather conditions. If it is very hot or cold, the blower can be damaged.Leaf blowers are a useful gardening tool, but they should be taken care of properly. If they are properly covered and stored in a dry place, they can be left outside. However, they should not be left in extreme weather conditions.
How do you store a hand held leaf blower?
There are a few things you need to consider when storing a hand held leaf blower.First, you’ll want to make sure the blower is clean and free of debris. If there is any dirt or leaves left in the blower, they can damage the internal parts when the blower is stored.Second, you’ll need to make sure the blower is properly lubricated. If the blower isn’t lubricated, the moving parts can become rusty and damage the blower.Finally, you’ll want to make sure the blower is properly protected. If the blower is stored in a place where it can be damaged, it can reduce the life of the blower.There are a few different ways to store a hand held leaf blower. One way is to store it in the original packaging. This will protect the blower from damage and keep it clean.Another way to store a hand held leaf blower is to put it in a storage container. This will protect the blower from dust, dirt, and other debris. It will also keep the blower from getting wet if it’s stored in a humid environment.Finally, you can store the blower in your garage or shed. If you choose to do this, you’ll need to make sure the blower is in a dry place and that it’s not in the way.
How do you hang a Stihl blower?
A Stihl leaf blower is a great tool to have around the yard during the fall and winter months. Not only does it make quick work of cleaning up leaves and debris, but it can also be used to clear snow off of driveways and sidewalks.Hanging a Stihl leaf blower is a simple process. The blower typically hangs from a hook on the wall or from a peg on the garage ceiling.The first step is to find a suitable place to hang the blower. The blower should be hung in a dry, well-ventilated area. The wall or ceiling should be strong enough to support the weight of the blower.The next step is to find the appropriate hook or peg to hang the blower from. The hook or peg should be strong enough to support the weight of the blower.Once the location has been determined, the blower can be hung by following these simple steps:1. Remove the screws that hold the hook or peg in place.2. Hang the blower from the hook or peg.3. Replace the screws to secure the hook or peg in place.4. Enjoy using your Stihl leaf blower!
How do you hang Stihl backpack blower in garage?
There are a few different ways that you can hang a Stihl backpack blower in your garage. One way is to use a wall-mounted hook. Another way is to use a ceiling-mounted hook.If you want to use a wall-mounted hook, you will need to find a spot on the wall where you can drill a hole. The hole should be big enough to fit the hook through. Once you have drilled the hole, you can insert the hook and hang the blower on it.If you want to use a ceiling-mounted hook, you will need to find a spot on the ceiling where you can drill a hole. The hole should be big enough to fit the hook through. Once you have drilled the hole, you can insert the hook and hang the blower on it.
How do you store a gas leaf blower?
Storing a gas leaf blower is not difficult, but there are a few things to keep in mind. First, be sure to read the owner’s manual carefully to make sure you are aware of any specific storage instructions. Many leaf blowers need to be stored with the fuel tank empty to prevent corrosion.If you are not going to use your leaf blower for an extended period of time, be sure to clean it thoroughly and oil all the moving parts. This will help ensure that it is in good working condition when you are ready to use it again.Finally, be sure to store your leaf blower in a dry, safe place where it will not be damaged or accessed by children or pets.
How do you hang a backpack blower in the garage?
There are a few ways that you can hang a backpack blower in the garage. One way is to use a rope or chain to hang it from the ceiling. You can also use a pegboard to hang it on. You can also use a stand to hold the backpack blower.
How do you make a blower rack?
Making a blower rack is a fairly easy process that can be completed in a few hours with a few simple tools. A blower rack is a device that is used to hold a blower in place while you are using it. This is especially useful if you are using the blower to clean out your gutters, as it will keep the blower in place and make it easier to use.The first step in making a blower rack is to gather the necessary materials. You will need a piece of wood that is at least 2×4 feet in size, a drill, a saw, and a screwdriver. You will also need some screws, nails, and wire.The next step is to measure and cut the piece of wood to the desired size. You will want to make sure that the piece of wood is long enough to hold the blower in place, and wide enough to provide stability.Once the piece of wood is cut to size, you will need to drill a hole in the middle of it that is large enough for the blower hose to fit through.The next step is to attach the blower to the piece of wood. You can do this by drilling a hole in the bottom of the blower and then screwing or nailing it to the piece of wood.The final step is to attach the piece of wood to the ground. You can do this by using screws, nails, or wire. You will want to make sure that the piece of wood is stable and will not move around while you are using the blower.Once the blower rack is completed, you can use it to hold the blower in place while you are cleaning your gutters. This will make the process easier and more efficient.


The faded, yet oddly pristine robes of an ancient healer, this cloth radiates a palpable sense of comfort, of wholeness.
Sometimes life as you know it has to nearly end for you to find your true calling. By "end" I mean the everything you knew, loved, and held dear ripped away, your life torn down to the bloody roots and dragged over broken glass until the future yawns like a great big empty pit that threatens to swallow you whole type of ending.
The new you, the one that's left after such a sundering, is someone the old you would probably put a bullet in the brain pan of out of sheer mercy. Problem is, the old you is no longer around, and the new you likely doesn't have anyone left that cares enough to administer that hollow point piece of mercy.
An ex-cop vigilante, suitable for modern day supernatural horror settings.
After waking up groggily in the middle of a floating wizard's tower, the players must find some way to escape before being slain by the beast that stalks them. Time is ticking and the cat is always watching . . .
Deep within the heart of the Great Woses, lies an inland sea that few care to visit. Nevermind the ogre-infested swamps that surround it, the place is just disgusting. While known by many names – the Belching Sea, the Eternal Loogie, Gluumraag's Blessing and sometimes, the Slimy Deep – most simply call it the Sea of Snot.
Not all of the mermaids and sea sirens are half fish, there are other things that live in the sea
"Ye thought the orbital penitentiary around Venus was hard ta endure? That place is a vacation spot compared to Davy's Lockdown! If the guard borgs can't find an excuse ta peel the skin off yer bones and the inmates don't use ya for their bettin pool, the pressures o' bein that far beneath the waves will drive ya to the brink, mark my words!"
An underwater prison with a dark past, suitable for any sci-fi, neo-dystopian, or cyber punk setting.
As you are traveling through the forest you stumble accross a poor peasent, who begs you to help his village.
A subterranean prison complex, meant to incarcerate those who need to be removed from society.
A realm of unending darkness, pitch blackness, where even light refuses to shine.
So you want to rub a lamp, do you? Here are many mighty Genies, beings of great magic who might turn out to be your greatest boon or your greatest bane.
They should have spoken up sooner and saved poor Harold from certain embarrassment.
One thing holds consistent across the numerous worlds of science fiction and fantasy: everyone speaks the same language. Whether it's Lojban, English, Common, or the High Tongue of the Autumn Empire; there's one language that everyone knows, unless plot demands otherwise.
Once the source of power for a cult now scattered, this item acts as both sacrificial altar and food grill.
That very special day when the people try to use up all of the most horrible deaths for the coming year.
Viva la Musca!
30+ slightly-off or downright demented flies for your campaign.
Not only an interesting species of fungi, but a fashion statement as well!
So, Lord and Lady Brennan definitely must sit together, but not too close to either of the Fletchers. General Schneider will cause a scene if he gets stuck next to one of those "brownnosed royalists," but his wife will be upset if she isn't next to one of the king's confidantes. I think we'll have to do it this way....
A response to Dragonlordmax's Freetext Friday. Specifically, Exotic Mounts.
Thanks to axlerowes for help fleshing out the details and helping me tie it in further with the rest of the setting.
A treacherous door to enter. Take a deep breath, focus your mind, and leap into the ice.
If you had writing as bad as Corran's, you'd look for a way around it too.
(Apologies to GRRM and HBO)
A group of northerners want to bring the Old Gods back to the south. They grow cuttings from the white trees seeking the blessings of the Old Gods on the project, and when the saplings are big enough, they carve faces in them and secretly plant them in forests all over the south, to extend the 'reach' of the Old Gods.
The plan works of course, but the trees are *baby gods*, and behave as such when invoked.


I especially like number 13…
“Hold lots of meetings and make sure they have an unfocused agenda. Allow the conversation to meander aimlessly, permitting one tangential comment to give license to the next. Never cut off a rambling participant and if anyone has a good idea, compel that person to assume responsibility for a new committee to pursue the idea. End each meeting with no action items.”
And what about number 9?
“Interpret all suggestions for improvement as personal attacks on your leadership.”
When will we, as leaders, even…no, especially…Christian leaders – realize it’s all about how we treat other people?